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Gautheron J, Elsayed S, Pistorio V, Lockhart S, Zammouri J, Auclair M, Koulman A, Meadows SR, Lhomme M, Ponnaiah M, Si-Bouazza R, Fabrega S, Belkadi A, Delaunay JL, Aït-Slimane T, Fève B, Vigouroux C, Abdel Ghaffar TY, O’Rahilly S, Jéru I. ADH1B, the adipocyte-enriched alcohol dehydrogenase, plays an essential, cell-autonomous role in human adipogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319301121. [PMID: 38838011 PMCID: PMC11181076 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319301121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) is a primate-specific enzyme which, uniquely among the ADH class 1 family, is highly expressed both in adipose tissue and liver. Its expression in adipose tissue is reduced in obesity and increased by insulin stimulation. Interference with ADH1B expression has also been reported to impair adipocyte function. To better understand the role of ADH1B in adipocytes, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to delete ADH1B in human adipose stem cells (ASC). Cells lacking ADH1B failed to differentiate into mature adipocytes manifested by minimal triglyceride accumulation and a marked reduction in expression of established adipocyte markers. As ADH1B is capable of converting retinol to retinoic acid (RA), we conducted rescue experiments. Incubation of ADH1B-deficient preadipocytes with 9-cis-RA, but not with all-transretinol, significantly rescued their ability to accumulate lipids and express markers of adipocyte differentiation. A homozygous missense variant in ADH1B (p.Arg313Cys) was found in a patient with congenital lipodystrophy of unknown cause. This variant significantly impaired the protein's dimerization, enzymatic activity, and its ability to rescue differentiation in ADH1B-deficient ASC. The allele frequency of this variant in the Middle Eastern population suggests that it is unlikely to be a fully penetrant cause of severe lipodystrophy. In conclusion, ADH1B appears to play an unexpected, crucial and cell-autonomous role in human adipocyte differentiation by serving as a necessary source of endogenous retinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gautheron
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Paris75012, France
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris75013, France
| | - Solaf Elsayed
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo11566, Egypt
| | - Valeria Pistorio
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Paris75012, France
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris75013, France
| | - Sam Lockhart
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Jamila Zammouri
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Paris75012, France
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris75013, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Paris75012, France
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris75013, France
| | - Albert Koulman
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah R. Meadows
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Omics Lipidomics, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris75013, France
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Data sciences unit, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris75013, France
| | - Redouane Si-Bouazza
- Viral Vector and Gene Transfer Platform, Structure Federative de Recherche Necker, Université Paris Cité, Paris75015, France
| | - Sylvie Fabrega
- Viral Vector and Gene Transfer Platform, Structure Federative de Recherche Necker, Université Paris Cité, Paris75015, France
| | - Abdelaziz Belkadi
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha24144, Qatar
| | - Qatar Genome Project
- Qatar Genome Program, Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha24144, Qatar
| | - Jean-Louis Delaunay
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Paris75012, France
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris75013, France
| | - Tounsia Aït-Slimane
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Paris75012, France
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris75013, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Paris75012, France
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris75013, France
- Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l’Insulino-Sécrétion et de l’Insulino-Sensibilité, Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris75012, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Paris75012, France
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris75013, France
- Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l’Insulino-Sécrétion et de l’Insulino-Sensibilité, Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris75012, France
| | | | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Paris75012, France
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris75013, France
- Medical Genetics Unit, Biology, Genomics and Hygiene Medical-University Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris75013, France
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Liu C, Fu C, Lu Y, Sun J, Liu T, Wang Y, Wang A, Huang Y, Li Y. Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics to reveal the mechanism of Gerberae piloselloidis herba in alleviating bronchial asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117852. [PMID: 38307356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gerberae Piloselloides Herba (GPH) is derived from Gerbera piloselloides (Linn.) Cass. It is a commonly used traditional medicine in China, featured by its special bioactivities as antitussive, expectorant, anti-asthma, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor. It is often used as an effective treatment for cough and sore throat as well as bronchial asthma (BA) in China. It was demonstrated in our previous studies that GPH exerted significant effects on the treatment of BA, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed at revealing the mechanism through which GPH protects against BA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protective effect of GPH against BA was evaluated in a mouse model of BA induced by ovalbumin. Through integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis, the most critical pathways were discovered. The effects of GPH in regulating these pathways was verified through molecular biology experiments and molecular docking. RESULTS GPH have anti-BA effects. In plasma and lung tissue, 5 and 17 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), respectively, showed a reversed tendency in the GPH group compared with the model group; apart from gamma-aminobutyric acid and butyrylcarnitine, these DEMs might aid in BA diagnosis. The DEMs were involved primarily in the regulation of lipid metabolism, followed by glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that GPH modulated 268 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Integration analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics revealed that GPH might regulate the PPAR signaling pathway, thus affecting the expression of key gene targets such as Cyp4a12a, Cyp4a12b, Adh7, Acaa1b and Gpat2; controlling fatty acid degradation, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism and other lipid metabolic pathways; and ameliorating BA. This possibility was confirmed through reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence and molecular docking. CONCLUSION GPH was found to activate the PPAR signaling pathway, decrease the levels of Cyp4a12a and Cyp4a12b, and increase the levels of Adh7, Acaa1b and Gpat2, thereby regulating lipid metabolism disorder, decreasing the generation of inflammatory mediators and limiting lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Changli Fu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Yongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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3
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Goggans KR, Belyaeva OV, Klyuyeva AV, Studdard J, Slay A, Newman RB, VanBuren CA, Everts HB, Kedishvili NY. Epidermal retinol dehydrogenases cyclically regulate stem cell markers and clock genes and influence hair composition. Commun Biol 2024; 7:453. [PMID: 38609439 PMCID: PMC11014975 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a self-renewing adult miniorgan that undergoes drastic metabolic and morphological changes during precisely timed cyclic organogenesis. The HF cycle is known to be regulated by steroid hormones, growth factors and circadian clock genes. Recent data also suggest a role for a vitamin A derivative, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), the activating ligand of transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors, in the regulation of the HF cycle. Here we demonstrate that ATRA signaling cycles during HF regeneration and this pattern is disrupted by genetic deletion of epidermal retinol dehydrogenases 2 (RDHE2, SDR16C5) and RDHE2-similar (RDHE2S, SDR16C6) that catalyze the rate-limiting step in ATRA biosynthesis. Deletion of RDHEs results in accelerated anagen to catagen and telogen to anagen transitions, altered HF composition, reduced levels of HF stem cell markers, and dysregulated circadian clock gene expression, suggesting a broad role of RDHEs in coordinating multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli R Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alla V Klyuyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jacob Studdard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aja Slay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Regina B Newman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Christine A VanBuren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Helen B Everts
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Wu Y, Hao Y, Zhuang Q, Ma X, Shi C. AKR1B10 regulates M2 macrophage polarization to promote the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222007. [PMID: 37039038 PMCID: PMC10545534 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has brought new hope to gastric cancer (GC) patients. Exploring the immune infiltration pattern in GC and the key molecules is critical for optimizing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) is an inflammatory regulator and is closely related to the prognosis of patients with GC. However, the function of AKR1B10 in GC remains unclear. METHODS In the present study, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the immune infiltration pattern in 373 samples in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were seared by combing the TCGA database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the key molecule AKR1B10 was identified by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The biological functions of AKR1B10 in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) were investigated in vitro. RESULTS Macrophage polarization was the main immune infiltration pattern in GC, and the state of macrophage polarization was closely related to the pathological grading of GC and the clinical stage of patients. AKR1B10, MUC5AC, TFF2, GKN1, and PGC were significantly down-regulated in GC tissues. Low AKR1B10 expression induced M2 macrophage polarization and promoted the malignant phenotype of GC. CONCLUSION M2 macrophage polarization is the main immune infiltration pattern in GC. Low AKR1B10 expression induces M2 macrophage polarization and promotes the malignant transformation of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanjie Hao
- Laser Department, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Qing'xin Zhuang
- Department of Medical Oncology, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Central lLaboratory, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, China
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5
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Villéger R, Chulkina M, Mifflin RC, Markov NS, Trieu J, Sinha M, Johnson P, Saada JI, Adegboyega PA, Luxon BA, Beswick EJ, Powell DW, Pinchuk IV. Loss of alcohol dehydrogenase 1B in cancer-associated fibroblasts: contribution to the increase of tumor-promoting IL-6 in colon cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:537-548. [PMID: 36482184 PMCID: PMC9938173 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in IL-6 by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to colon cancer progression, but the mechanisms involved in the increase of this tumor-promoting cytokine are unknown. The aim of this study was to identify novel targets involved in the dysregulation of IL-6 expression by CAFs in colon cancer. METHODS Colonic normal (N), hyperplastic, tubular adenoma, adenocarcinoma tissues, and tissue-derived myo-/fibroblasts (MFs) were used in these studies. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated a striking decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) expression, a gene potentially involved in IL-6 dysregulation in CAFs. ADH1B expression was downregulated in approximately 50% of studied tubular adenomas and all T1-4 colon tumors, but not in hyperplastic polyps. ADH1B metabolizes alcohols, including retinol (RO), and is involved in the generation of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA). LPS-induced IL-6 production was inhibited by either RO or its byproduct atRA in N-MFs, but only atRA was effective in CAFs. Silencing ADH1B in N-MFs significantly upregulated LPS-induced IL-6 similar to those observed in CAFs and lead to the loss of RO inhibitory effect on inducible IL-6 expression. CONCLUSION Our data identify ADH1B as a novel potential mesenchymal tumor suppressor, which plays a critical role in ADH1B/retinoid-mediated regulation of tumor-promoting IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Villéger
- Laboratoire Ecologie and Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marina Chulkina
- Department of Medicine at PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Randy C Mifflin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Nikolay S Markov
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy Trieu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Mala Sinha
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Paul Johnson
- Department of Surgery, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jamal I Saada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Patrick A Adegboyega
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63106, USA
| | - Bruce A Luxon
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Don W Powell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Medicine at PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Alrubia S, Al-Majdoub ZM, Achour B, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Barber J. Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Crohn's Disease on Protein Abundance of Human Intestinal Drug-Metabolising Enzymes and Transporters. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2917-2929. [PMID: 35872023 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease affects the mucosal layer of the intestine, predominantly ileum and colon segments, with the potential to affect the expression of intestinal enzymes and transporters, and consequently, oral drug bioavailability. We carried out a quantitative proteomic analysis of inflamed and non-inflamed ileum and colon tissues from Crohn's disease patients and healthy donors. Homogenates from samples in each group were pooled and protein abundance determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In inflamed Crohn's ileum, CYP3A4, CYP20A1, CYP51A1, ADH1B, ALPI, FOM1, SULT1A2, SULT1B1 and ABCB7 showed ≥10-fold reduction in abundance compared with healthy baseline. By contrast, only MGST1 showed ≥10 fold reduction in inflamed colon. Ileal UGT1A1, MGST1, MGST2, and MAOA levels increased by ≥2 fold in Crohn's patients, while only ALPI showed ≥2 fold increase in the colon. Counter-intuitively, non-inflamed ileum had a higher magnitude of fold change than inflamed tissue when compared with healthy tissue. Marked but non-uniform alterations were observed in the expression of various enzymes and transporters in ileum and colon compared with healthy samples. Modelling will allow improved understanding of the variable effects of Crohn's disease on bioavailability of orally administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alrubia
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zubida M Al-Majdoub
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brahim Achour
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jill Barber
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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7
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Castellví A, Pequerul R, Barracco V, Juanhuix J, Parés X, Farrés J. Structural and biochemical evidence that ATP inhibits the cancer biomarker human aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3. Commun Biol 2022; 5:354. [PMID: 35418200 PMCID: PMC9007972 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) participates in the oxidative stress response and retinoid metabolism, being involved in several diseases, including cancer, diabetes and obesity. The ALDH1A3 isoform has recently elicited wide interest because of its potential use as a cancer stem cell biomarker and drug target. We report high-resolution three-dimensional ALDH1A3 structures for the apo-enzyme, the NAD+ complex and a binary complex with ATP. Each subunit of the ALDH1A3-ATP complex contains one ATP molecule bound to the adenosine-binding pocket of the cofactor-binding site. The ATP complex also shows a molecule, putatively identified as a polyethylene glycol aldehyde, covalently bound to the active-site cysteine. This mimics the thioacyl-enzyme catalytic intermediate, which is trapped in a dead enzyme lacking an active cofactor. At physiological concentrations, ATP inhibits the dehydrogenase activity of ALDH1A3 and other isoforms, with a Ki value of 0.48 mM for ALDH1A3, showing a mixed inhibition type against NAD+. ATP also inhibits esterase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The current ALDH1A3 structures at higher resolution will facilitate the rational design of potent and selective inhibitors. ATP binding to ALDH1A3 enables activity modulation by the energy status of the cell and metabolic reprogramming, which may be relevant in several disease conditions. Three X-ray structures are presented of human aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3 (ALDH1A3), a potential cancer stem cell biomarker (alone, with NAD+ and with ATP) and structure determination performed using molecular replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Castellví
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Alba Synchrotron, carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Pequerul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vito Barracco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Juanhuix
- Alba Synchrotron, carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Parés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Farrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Li J, Garavaglia S, Ye Z, Moretti A, Belyaeva OV, Beiser A, Ibrahim M, Wilk A, McClellan S, Klyuyeva AV, Goggans KR, Kedishvili NY, Salter EA, Wierzbicki A, Migaud ME, Mullett SJ, Yates NA, Camacho CJ, Rizzi M, Sobol RW. A specific inhibitor of ALDH1A3 regulates retinoic acid biosynthesis in glioma stem cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1420. [PMID: 34934174 PMCID: PMC8692581 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity correlates with poor outcome for many solid tumors as ALDHs may regulate cell proliferation and chemoresistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Accordingly, potent, and selective inhibitors of key ALDH enzymes may represent a novel CSC-directed treatment paradigm for ALDH+ cancer types. Of the many ALDH isoforms, we and others have implicated the elevated expression of ALDH1A3 in mesenchymal glioma stem cells (MES GSCs) as a target for the development of novel therapeutics. To this end, our structure of human ALDH1A3 combined with in silico modeling identifies a selective, active-site inhibitor of ALDH1A3. The lead compound, MCI-INI-3, is a selective competitive inhibitor of human ALDH1A3 and shows poor inhibitory effect on the structurally related isoform ALDH1A1. Mass spectrometry-based cellular thermal shift analysis reveals that ALDH1A3 is the primary binding protein for MCI-INI-3 in MES GSC lysates. The inhibitory effect of MCI-INI-3 on retinoic acid biosynthesis is comparable with that of ALDH1A3 knockout, suggesting that effective inhibition of ALDH1A3 is achieved with MCI-INI-3. Further development is warranted to characterize the role of ALDH1A3 and retinoic acid biosynthesis in glioma stem cell growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Silvia Garavaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Zhaofeng Ye
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Andrea Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 720 20th Street South, Kaul 440B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Alison Beiser
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Md Ibrahim
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Anna Wilk
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Steve McClellan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Alla V Klyuyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 720 20th Street South, Kaul 440B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kelli R Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 720 20th Street South, Kaul 440B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 720 20th Street South, Kaul 440B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - E Alan Salter
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, 6040 USA South Drive, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Andrzej Wierzbicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, 6040 USA South Drive, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Steven J Mullett
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Nathan A Yates
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Carlos J Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
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9
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Perspective on the Structural Basis for Human Aldo-Keto Reductase 1B10 Inhibition. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120865. [PMID: 34940623 PMCID: PMC8708191 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is overexpressed in many cancer types and is involved in chemoresistance. This makes AKR1B10 to be an interesting drug target and thus many enzyme inhibitors have been investigated. High-resolution crystallographic structures of AKR1B10 with various reversible inhibitors were deeply analyzed and compared to those of analogous complexes with aldose reductase (AR). In both enzymes, the active site included an anion-binding pocket and, in some cases, inhibitor binding caused the opening of a transient specificity pocket. Different structural conformers were revealed upon inhibitor binding, emphasizing the importance of the highly variable loops, which participate in the transient opening of additional binding subpockets. Two key differences between AKR1B10 and AR were observed regarding the role of external loops in inhibitor binding. The first corresponded to the alternative conformation of Trp112 (Trp111 in AR). The second difference dealt with loop A mobility, which defined a larger and more loosely packed subpocket in AKR1B10. From this analysis, the general features that a selective AKR1B10 inhibitor should comply with are the following: an anchoring moiety to the anion-binding pocket, keeping Trp112 in its native conformation (AKR1B10-like), and not opening the specificity pocket in AR.
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10
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Shao X, Wu J, Yu S, Zhou Y, Zhou C. AKR1B10 inhibits the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22298-22314. [PMID: 34552036 PMCID: PMC8507292 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignancy around the world with a poor prognosis. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) is indispensable to cancer development and progression, which has served as a diagnostic biomarker for tumors. In our study, we demonstrated that the expression of AKR1B10 in GC tissues was significantly lower compared with normal gastric tissues. Subgroup analysis showed that, according to the clinic-pathological factors, the effect of the AKR1B10 expression level on the prognosis of GC patients was significantly different. Moreover, reduced expression of AKR1B10 promoted the ability of GC cells in proliferation and migration. Furthermore, increased AKR1B10 levels resulted in the opposite trend in vitro. Moreover, AKR1B10 was correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a significant way. In vivo experiment, knockdown of AKR1B10 promoted the growth of tumor, increased Vimentin, and E-cadherin significantly. In summary, AKR1B10 is considered as a tumor suppressor in GC and is a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jue Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunli Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Caccavale F, Annona G, Subirana L, Escriva H, Bertrand S, D'Aniello S. Crosstalk between nitric oxide and retinoic acid pathways is essential for amphioxus pharynx development. eLife 2021; 10:e58295. [PMID: 34431784 PMCID: PMC8387019 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During animal ontogenesis, body axis patterning is finely regulated by complex interactions among several signaling pathways. Nitric oxide (NO) and retinoic acid (RA) are potent morphogens that play a pivotal role in vertebrate development. Their involvement in axial patterning of the head and pharynx shows conserved features in the chordate phylum. Indeed, in the cephalochordate amphioxus, NO and RA are crucial for the correct development of pharyngeal structures. Here, we demonstrate the functional cooperation between NO and RA that occurs during amphioxus embryogenesis. During neurulation, NO modulates RA production through the transcriptional regulation of Aldh1a.2 that irreversibly converts retinaldehyde into RA. On the other hand, RA directly or indirectly regulates the transcription of Nos genes. This reciprocal regulation of NO and RA pathways is essential for the normal pharyngeal development in amphioxus and it could be conserved in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Caccavale
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn NapoliNapoliItaly
| | - Giovanni Annona
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn NapoliNapoliItaly
| | - Lucie Subirana
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire OcéanologiqueBanyuls-sur-MerFrance
| | - Hector Escriva
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire OcéanologiqueBanyuls-sur-MerFrance
| | - Stephanie Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire OcéanologiqueBanyuls-sur-MerFrance
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn NapoliNapoliItaly
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12
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Inhibition of AKR1B10-mediated metabolism of daunorubicin as a novel off-target effect for the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114710. [PMID: 34339712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors significantly improved Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukaemia therapy. Apart from Bcr-Abl kinase, imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib and ponatinib are known to have additional off-target effects that might contribute to their antitumoural activities. In our study, we identified aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) as a novel target for dasatinib. The enzyme AKR1B10 is upregulated in several cancers and influences the metabolism of chemotherapy drugs, including anthracyclines. AKR1B10 reduces anthracyclines to alcohol metabolites that show less antineoplastic properties and tend to accumulate in cardiac tissue. In our experiments, clinically achievable concentrations of dasatinib selectively inhibited AKR1B10 both in experiments with recombinant enzyme (Ki = 0.6 µM) and in a cellular model (IC50 = 0.5 µM). Subsequently, the ability of dasatinib to attenuate AKR1B10-mediated daunorubicin (Daun) resistance was determined in AKR1B10-overexpressing cells. We have demonstrated that dasatinib can synergize with Daun in human cancer cells and enhance its therapeutic effectiveness. Taken together, our results provide new information on how dasatinib may act beyond targeting Bcr-Abl kinase, which may help to design new chemotherapy regimens, including those with anthracyclines.
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13
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Penning TM, Jonnalagadda S, Trippier PC, Rižner TL. Aldo-Keto Reductases and Cancer Drug Resistance. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1150-1171. [PMID: 34312303 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of carbonyl groups to alcohols for conjugation reactions to proceed. They are implicated in resistance to cancer chemotherapeutic agents either because they are directly involved in their metabolism or help eradicate the cellular stress created by these agents (e.g., reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides). Furthermore, this cellular stress activates the Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 pathway. As many human AKR genes are upregulated by the NRF2 transcription factor, this leads to a feed-forward mechanism to enhance drug resistance. Resistance to major classes of chemotherapeutic agents (anthracyclines, mitomycin, cis-platin, antitubulin agents, vinca alkaloids, and cyclophosphamide) occurs by this mechanism. Human AKRs also catalyze the synthesis of androgens and estrogens and the elimination of progestogens and are involved in hormonal-dependent malignancies. They are upregulated by antihormonal therapy providing a second mechanism for cancer drug resistance. Inhibitors of the NRF2 system or pan-AKR1C inhibitors offer promise to surmount cancer drug resistance and/or synergize the effects of existing drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are overexpressed in a large number of human tumors and mediate resistance to cancer chemotherapeutics and antihormonal therapies. Existing drugs and new agents in development may surmount this resistance by acting as specific AKR isoforms or AKR pan-inhibitors to improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (T.M.P.); Department of Pharmaceutical Science (S.J., P.C.T.) and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (P.C.T.), University of Nebraska Medical Center and UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, Omaha, Nebraska; and Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T.L.R.)
| | - Sravan Jonnalagadda
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (T.M.P.); Department of Pharmaceutical Science (S.J., P.C.T.) and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (P.C.T.), University of Nebraska Medical Center and UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, Omaha, Nebraska; and Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T.L.R.)
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (T.M.P.); Department of Pharmaceutical Science (S.J., P.C.T.) and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (P.C.T.), University of Nebraska Medical Center and UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, Omaha, Nebraska; and Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T.L.R.)
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (T.M.P.); Department of Pharmaceutical Science (S.J., P.C.T.) and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (P.C.T.), University of Nebraska Medical Center and UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, Omaha, Nebraska; and Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T.L.R.)
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14
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Balhara A, Basit A, Argikar UA, Dumouchel JL, Singh S, Prasad B. Comparative Proteomics Analysis of the Postmitochondrial Supernatant Fraction of Human Lens-Free Whole Eye and Liver. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:592-600. [PMID: 33952609 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of ocular diseases has accelerated research into therapeutic interventions needed for the eye. Ocular enzymes play important roles in the metabolism of drugs and endobiotics. Various ocular drugs are designed as prodrugs that are activated by ocular enzymes. Moreover, ocular enzymes have been implicated in the bioactivation of drugs to their toxic metabolites. The key purpose of this study was to compare global proteomes of the pooled samples of the eye (n = 11) and the liver (n = 50) with a detailed analysis of the abundance of enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics. We used the postmitochondrial supernatant fraction (S9 fraction) of the lens-free whole eye homogenate as a model to allow accurate comparison with the liver S9 fraction. A total of 269 proteins (including 23 metabolic enzymes) were detected exclusively in the pooled eye S9 against 648 proteins in the liver S9 (including 174 metabolic enzymes), whereas 424 proteins (including 94 metabolic enzymes) were detected in both the organs. The major hepatic cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases enzymes were not detected, but aldehyde dehydrogenases and glutathione transferases were the predominant proteins in the eye. The comparative qualitative and quantitative proteomics data in the eye versus liver is expected to help in explaining differential metabolic and physiologic activities in the eye. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Information on the enzymes involved in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism in the human eye in relation to the liver is scarcely available. The study employed global proteomic analysis to compare the proteomes of the lens-free whole eye and the liver with a detailed analysis of the enzymes involved in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. These data will help in better understanding of the ocular metabolism and activation of drugs and endobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Balhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India (An.B., S.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (Ab.B., B.P.); Biotransformation Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (U.A.A.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.L.D.)
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India (An.B., S.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (Ab.B., B.P.); Biotransformation Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (U.A.A.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.L.D.)
| | - Upendra A Argikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India (An.B., S.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (Ab.B., B.P.); Biotransformation Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (U.A.A.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.L.D.)
| | - Jennifer L Dumouchel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India (An.B., S.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (Ab.B., B.P.); Biotransformation Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (U.A.A.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.L.D.)
| | - Saranjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India (An.B., S.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (Ab.B., B.P.); Biotransformation Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (U.A.A.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.L.D.)
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India (An.B., S.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (Ab.B., B.P.); Biotransformation Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (U.A.A.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (J.L.D.)
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15
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Zhang H, Weström S, Kappelin P, Virtanen M, Vahlquist A, Törmä H. Exploration of novel candidate genes involved in epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and skin barrier repair in man. Differentiation 2021; 119:19-27. [PMID: 34029921 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A proper skin barrier function requires constant formation of stratum corneum, i.e. the outermost layer of epidermis composed of terminally differentiated keratinocytes. The complex process of converting proliferative basal keratinocytes into corneocytes relies on programmed changes in the activity of many well-established genes. Much remains however to be investigated about this process, e.g. in conjunction with epidermal barrier defects due to genetic errors as in ichthyosis. To this end, we re-analyzed two sets of microarray-data comparing altered gene expression in differentiated vs. proliferating keratinocytes and in the skin of patients with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) vs. healthy controls, respectively. We thus identified 24 genes to be upregulated in both sets of array and not previously associated with keratinocyte differentiation. For 10 of these genes (AKR1B10, BLNK, ENDOU, GCNT4, GLTP, RHCG, SLC15A1, TMEM45B, TMEM86A and VSNL1), qPCR analysis confirmed the array results and subsequent immunostainings of normal epidermis showed superficial expression of several of the proteins. Furthermore, induction of keratinocyte differentiation using phorbol esters (PMA) resulted in increased expression of eight of the genes, whereas siRNA silencing of PPARδ, a transcription factor supporting differentiation, had the opposite effect. In summary, our results identify ten new candidate genes seemingly involved in human epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and possibly important for epidermal repair in a genetic skin disease characterized by barrier failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqian Zhang
- Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simone Weström
- Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Kappelin
- Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Virtanen
- Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Vahlquist
- Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Törmä
- Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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Chai X, Guo J, Dong R, Yang X, Deng C, Wei C, Xu J, Han W, Lu J, Gao C, Gao D, Huang C, Ke A, Li S, Li H, Tian Y, Gu Z, Liu S, Liu H, Chen Q, Liu F, Zhou J, Fan J, Shi G, Wu F, Cai J. Quantitative acetylome analysis reveals histone modifications that may predict prognosis in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e313. [PMID: 33783990 PMCID: PMC7939233 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation (Kac) as an important posttranslational modification of histones is essential for the regulation of gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the atlas of whole acetylated proteins in HCC tissues and the difference in protein acetylation between normal human tissues and HCC tissues are unknown. In this report, we characterized the proteome and acetyl proteome (acetylome) profile of normal, paracancerous, and HCC liver tissues in human clinical samples by quantitative proteomics techniques. We identified 6781 acetylation sites of 2582 proteins and quantified 2492 acetylation sites of 1190 proteins in normal, paracancerous, and HCC liver tissues. Among them, 15 proteins were multiacetylated with more than 10 lysine residues. The histone acetyltransferases p300 and CBP were found to be hyperacetylated in hepatitis B virus pathway. Moreover, we found that 250 Kac sites of 214 proteins were upregulated and 662 Kac sites of 451 proteins were downregulated in HCC compared with normal liver tissues. Additionally, the acetylation levels of lysine 120 in histone H2B (H2BK120ac), lysine 18 in histone H3.3 (H3.3K18ac), and lysine 77 in histone H4 (H4K77ac) were increased in HCC. Interestingly, the higher levels of H2BK120ac, H3.3K18ac, and H4K77ac were significantly associated with worse prognosis, such as poorer survival and higher recurrence in an independent clinical cohort of HCC patients. Overall, this study lays a foundation for understanding the functions of acetylation in HCC and provides potential prognostic factors for the diagnosis and therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Chai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianfei Guo
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyCenter for Excellence in Plant Molecular SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Ruizhao Dong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chuanyuan Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - JiaJie Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weiyu Han
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiacheng Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Aiwu Ke
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuangqi Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huanping Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yingming Tian
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhongkai Gu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuxian Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qilong Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guoming Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiabin Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of epigenetics of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of Children's HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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17
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Klyuyeva AV, Belyaeva OV, Goggans KR, Krezel W, Popov KM, Kedishvili NY. Changes in retinoid metabolism and signaling associated with metabolic remodeling during fasting and in type I diabetes. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100323. [PMID: 33485967 PMCID: PMC7949101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is the central metabolic hub that coordinates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The bioactive derivative of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), was shown to regulate major metabolic genes including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and glucokinase among others. Expression levels of these genes undergo profound changes during adaptation to fasting or in metabolic diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, it is unknown whether the levels of hepatic RA change during metabolic remodeling. This study investigated the dynamics of hepatic retinoid metabolism and signaling in the fed state, in fasting, and in T1D. Our results show that fed-to-fasted transition is associated with significant decrease in hepatic retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) activity, the rate-limiting step in RA biosynthesis, and downregulation of RA signaling. The decrease in RDH activity correlates with the decreased abundance and altered subcellular distribution of RDH10 while Rdh10 transcript levels remain unchanged. In contrast to fasting, untreated T1D is associated with upregulation of RA signaling and an increase in hepatic RDH activity, which correlates with the increased abundance of RDH10 in microsomal membranes. The dynamic changes in RDH10 protein levels in the absence of changes in its transcript levels imply the existence of posttranscriptional regulation of RDH10 protein. Together, these data suggest that the downregulation of hepatic RA biosynthesis, in part via the decrease in RDH10, is an integral component of adaptation to fasting. In contrast, the upregulation of hepatic RA biosynthesis and signaling in T1D might contribute to metabolic inflexibility associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla V Klyuyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kelli R Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wojciech Krezel
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC) - INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kirill M Popov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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18
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Eduardo VG, Silvia S, Jose PC, Tiebing L, Samer G, Oscar C, Wanqing L, Naga C. ADH1B∗2 Is Associated With Reduced Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults, Independent of Alcohol Consumption. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:929-943. [PMID: 32454036 PMCID: PMC7502531 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) is involved in alcohol metabolism. The allele A (ADH1B∗2) of the rs1229984: A>G variant in ADH1B is associated with a higher alcohol metabolizing activity compared to the ancestral allele G (ADH1B∗1). Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with reduced severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), based on histologic analysis, compared with no alcohol consumption. However, it is unclear whether ADH1B∗2 modifies the relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and severity of NAFLD. We examined the association between ADH1B∗2 and moderate alcohol consumption and histologic severity of NAFLD. METHODS We collected data from 1557 multiethnic adult patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD enrolled into 4 different studies conducted by the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Clinical Research Network. Histories of alcohol consumption were obtained from answers to standardized questionnaires. Liver biopsy samples were analyzed by histology and scored centrally according to the NASH Clinical Research Network criteria. We performed covariate adjusted logistic regressions to identify associations between histologic features of NAFLD severity and moderate alcohol consumption and/or ADH1B∗2. RESULTS A higher proportion of Asians/Pacific Islanders/Hawaiians carried the ADH1B∗2 allele (86%) than other racial groups (4%-13%). However, the study population comprised mostly non-Hispanic whites (1153 patients, 74%), so the primary analysis focused on this group. Among them, 433 were moderate drinkers and 90 were ADH1B∗2 carriers. After we adjusted for confounders, including alcohol consumption status, ADH1B∗2 was associated with lower frequency of steatohepatitis (odds ratio [OR], 0.52; P < .01) or fibrosis (odds ratio, 0.69; P = .050) compared with ADH1B∗1. Moderate alcohol consumption (g/d) reduced the severity of NAFLD in patients with ADH1B∗1 or ADH1B∗2. However, ADH1B∗2, compared to ADH1B∗1, was associated with a reduced risk of definite NASH (ADH1B∗2: OR, 0.80; P < .01 vs ADH1B∗1: OR, 0.96; P = .036) and a reduced risk of an NAFLD activity score of 4 or higher (ADH1B∗2: OR, 0.83; P = .012 vs ADH1B∗1: OR, 0.96; P = .048) (P < .01 for the difference in the effect of moderate alcohol consumption between alleles). The relationship between body mass index and NAFLD severity was significantly modified by ADH1B∗2, even after we controlled for alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS ADH1B∗2 reduces the risk of NASH and fibrosis in adults with NAFLD regardless of alcohol consumption status. ADH1B∗2 might modify the association between high body mass index and NAFLD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilar-Gomez Eduardo
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sookoian Silvia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), University of Buenos Aires-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pirola Carlos Jose
- Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), University of Buenos Aires-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liang Tiebing
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gawrieh Samer
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Cummings Oscar
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Liu Wanqing
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Chalasani Naga
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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19
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Belyaeva OV, Adams MK, Popov KM, Kedishvili NY. Generation of Retinaldehyde for Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010005. [PMID: 31861321 PMCID: PMC7022914 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of all-trans-retinoic acid, the bioactive derivative of vitamin A, is critically important for the optimal performance of numerous physiological processes. Either too little or too much of retinoic acid in developing or adult tissues is equally harmful. All-trans-retinoic acid is produced by the irreversible oxidation of all-trans-retinaldehyde. Thus, the concentration of retinaldehyde as the immediate precursor of retinoic acid has to be tightly controlled. However, the enzymes that produce all-trans-retinaldehyde for retinoic acid biosynthesis and the mechanisms responsible for the control of retinaldehyde levels have not yet been fully defined. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the identities of physiologically relevant retinol dehydrogenases, their enzymatic properties, and tissue distribution, and to discuss potential mechanisms for the regulation of the flux from retinol to retinaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.M.P.); (N.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-996-4024
| | - Mark K. Adams
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA;
| | - Kirill M. Popov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.M.P.); (N.Y.K.)
| | - Natalia Y. Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.M.P.); (N.Y.K.)
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20
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Widjaja-Adhi MAK, Golczak M. The molecular aspects of absorption and metabolism of carotenoids and retinoids in vertebrates. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158571. [PMID: 31770587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient necessary for numerous basic physiological functions, including reproduction and development, immune cell differentiation and communication, as well as the perception of light. To evade the dire consequences of vitamin A deficiency, vertebrates have evolved specialized metabolic pathways that enable the absorption, transport, and storage of vitamin A acquired from dietary sources as preformed retinoids or provitamin A carotenoids. This evolutionary advantage requires a complex interplay between numerous specialized retinoid-transport proteins, receptors, and enzymes. Recent advances in molecular and structural biology resulted in a rapid expansion of our understanding of these processes at the molecular level. This progress opened new avenues for the therapeutic manipulation of retinoid homeostasis. In this review, we summarize current research related to the biochemistry of carotenoid and retinoid-processing proteins with special emphasis on the structural aspects of their physiological actions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Airanthi K Widjaja-Adhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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21
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Zhang C, Min Z, Liu X, Wang C, Wang Z, Shen J, Tang W, Zhang X, Liu D, Xu X. Tolrestat acts atypically as a competitive inhibitor of the thermostable aldo-keto reductase Tm1743 from Thermotoga maritima. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:564-580. [PMID: 31573681 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tolrestat and epalrestat have been characterized as noncompetitive inhibitors of aldo-ketone reductase 1B1 (AKR1B1), a leading drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes complications. However, clinical applications are limited for most AKR1B1 inhibitors due to adverse effects of cross-inhibition with other AKRs. Here, we report an atypical competitive binding and inhibitory effect of tolrestat on the thermostable AKR Tm1743 from Thermotoga maritima. Analysis of the Tm1743 crystal structure in complex with tolrestat alone and epalrestat-NADP+ shows that tolrestat, but not epalrestat, binding triggers dramatic conformational changes in the anionic site and cofactor binding pocket that prevents accommodation of NADP+ . Enzymatic and molecular dynamics simulation analyses further confirm tolrestat as a competitive inhibitor of Tm1743.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyun Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Zhenzhen Min
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Xuemeng Liu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Jiejie Shen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Wanrong Tang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, China
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22
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Penning TM. AKR1C3 (type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/prostaglandin F synthase): Roles in malignancy and endocrine disorders. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:82-91. [PMID: 30012349 PMCID: PMC6422768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aldo-Keto-Reductase 1C3 (type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD)/prostaglandin (PG) F2α synthase) is the only 17β-HSD that is not a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase. By acting as a 17-ketosteroid reductase, AKR1C3 produces potent androgens in peripheral tissues which activate the androgen receptor (AR) or act as substrates for aromatase. AKR1C3 is implicated in the production of androgens in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and polycystic ovarian syndrome; and is implicated in the production of aromatase substrates in breast cancer. By acting as an 11-ketoprostaglandin reductase, AKR1C3 generates 11β-PGF2α to activate the FP receptor and deprives peroxisome proliferator activator receptorγ of its putative PGJ2 ligands. These growth stimulatory signals implicate AKR1C3 in non-hormonal dependent malignancies e.g. acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AKR1C3 moonlights by acting as a co-activator of the AR and stabilizes ubiquitin ligases. AKR1C3 inhibitors have been used clinically for CRPC and AML and can be used to probe its pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Penning
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRBII/III 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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23
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Giménez-Dejoz J, Weber S, Fernández-Pardo Á, Möller G, Adamski J, Porté S, Parés X, Farrés J. Engineering aldo-keto reductase 1B10 to mimic the distinct 1B15 topology and specificity towards inhibitors and substrates, including retinoids and steroids. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:186-194. [PMID: 31028727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily comprises NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes that catalyze the reduction of a variety of carbonyl compounds. AKRs are classified in families and subfamilies. Humans exhibit three members of the AKR1B subfamily: AKR1B1 (aldose reductase, participates in diabetes complications), AKR1B10 (overexpressed in several cancer types), and the recently described AKR1B15. AKR1B10 and AKR1B15 share 92% sequence identity, as well as the capability of being active towards retinaldehyde. However, AKR1B10 and AKR1B15 exhibit strong differences in substrate specificity and inhibitor selectivity. Remarkably, their substrate-binding sites are the most divergent parts between them. Out of 27 residue substitutions, six are changes to Phe residues in AKR1B15. To investigate the participation of these structural changes, especially the Phe substitutions, in the functional features of each enzyme, we prepared two AKR1B10 mutants. The AKR1B10 m mutant carries a segment of six AKR1B15 residues (299-304, including three Phe residues) in the respective AKR1B10 region. An additional substitution (Val48Phe) was incorporated in the second mutant, AKR1B10mF48. This resulted in structures with smaller and more hydrophobic binding pockets, more similar to that of AKR1B15. In general, the AKR1B10 mutants mirrored well the specific functional features of AKR1B15, i.e., the different preferences towards the retinaldehyde isomers, the much higher activity with steroids and ketones, and the unique behavior with inhibitors. It can be concluded that the Phe residues of loop C (299-304) contouring the substrate-binding site, in addition to Phe at position 48, strongly contribute to a narrower and more hydrophobic site in AKR1B15, which would account for its functional uniqueness. In addition, we have investigated the AKR1B10 and AKR1B15 activity toward steroids. While AKR1B10 only exhibits residual activity, AKR1B15 is an efficient 17-ketosteroid reductase. Finally, the functional role of AKR1B15 in steroid and retinaldehyde metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Giménez-Dejoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanne Weber
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Pardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85356, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sergio Porté
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Parés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Farrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Han C, Gao L, Zhao L, Sheng Q, Zhang C, An Z, Xia T, Ding Y, Wang J, Bai H, Dou X. Immunohistochemistry Detects Increased Expression of Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B10 (AKR1B10) in Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7414-7423. [PMID: 30328412 PMCID: PMC6201704 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains difficult to diagnose at an early stage. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) is an oxidoreductase that is upregulated in some chronic liver diseases. The aim of this study was to use immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of AKR1B10 in liver tissue from patients with HCC of different stages. Material/Methods Forty-four patients with a tissue diagnosis of HCC (35 males and 9 females) with 37 control samples of liver tissue containing liver cirrhosis were studied using immunohistochemistry for the expression of AKR1B10. Histological examination determined the grade of HCC; the stage of HCC was determined according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured and compared between the patients with HCC. Results Immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of AKR1B10 in moderately-differentiated HCC compared with well-differentiated HCC, poorly-differentiated HCC, and liver cirrhosis (P<0.05). Sensitivity and specificity of AKR1B10 expression in HCC were high at a cutoff integral optical density (IOD) value of 89.5. A significant increase in AKR1B10 expression was found in early-stage HCC (P<0.05). Serum AFP levels were increased in patients with poorly-differentiated HCC, were increased in intermediate-stage HCC, and were significantly increased in advanced-stage HCC (P<0.05). Conclusions Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of AKR1B10 was increased in tumor tissue from patients with early-stage HCC. Further studies are needed to determine the role of AKR1B10 in the early detection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Lanzhu Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongliao Infectious Diseases Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Lianrong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Qiuju Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Ziying An
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jingyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Han Bai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoguang Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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25
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Han C, Gao L, Bai H, Dou X. Identification of a role for serum aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 in early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:7123-7130. [PMID: 30546447 PMCID: PMC6256343 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improved screening programs, the vast majority of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are diagnosed at an advanced stage. A lack of effective diagnosis methods for preclinical HCC has resulted in a low rate of early detection. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) is associated with several cancer types. However, to the best of our knowledge, the diagnostic value of AKR1B10 in early stage HCC is poorly understood. In the current study, the diagnostic performance of serum AKR1B10 in hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus (HBV/HCV)-related liver disorders was evaluated and the unique role of AKR1B10 in diagnosing HCC was assessed. Serum AKR1B10 was detected by sandwich ELISA in 84 patients with HBV/HCV-related HCC, 74 patients with liver cirrhosis, 29 patients with chronic hepatitis and 30 healthy controls. Serum AKR1B10 and α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were analyzed and compared. Elevated levels of serum AKR1B10 were identified in patients with HCC compared with patients with other liver disorders (P<0.05). Compared with advanced and terminal stage HCC, a significant increase in AKR1B10 levels was primarily detected in early and intermediate stage HCC. The sensitivity (81.0%) and specificity (60.9%) for HCC diagnosis with AKR1B10 were high at a cutoff value of 1.51 ng/ml. Conversely, a prominent increase in AFP was observed in advanced and terminal stage HCC. Furthermore, concurrent measurement of serum AKR1B10 and AFP significantly increased sensitivity and negative predictive value for HCC diagnosis. The results presented in the current study strongly indicate AKR1B10 has a unique role as a biomarker for early stage HBV/HCV-related HCC. Compared with AFP alone, a combination of serum AKR1B10 and AFP increased the diagnostic performance in patients with HCC. In summary, the current results identify a unique role of AKR1B10 in HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Lanzhu Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongliao Infectious Diseases Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 028000, P.R. China
| | - Han Bai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
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Domínguez M, Pequerul R, Alvarez R, Giménez-Dejoz J, Birta E, Porté S, Rühl R, Parés X, Farrés J, de Lera AR. Synthesis of apocarotenoids by acyclic cross metathesis and characterization as substrates for human retinaldehyde dehydrogenases. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Deletion of sll1541 in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 Allows Formation of a Far-Red-Shifted holo-Proteorhodopsin In Vivo. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02435-17. [PMID: 29475867 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02435-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In many pro- and eukaryotes, a retinal-based proton pump equips the cell to drive ATP synthesis with (sun)light. Such pumps, therefore, have been proposed as a plug-in for cyanobacteria to artificially increase the efficiency of oxygenic photosynthesis. However, little information on the metabolism of retinal, their chromophore, is available for these organisms. We have studied the in vivo roles of five genes (sll1541, slr1648, slr0091, slr1192, and slr0574) potentially involved in retinal metabolism in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. With a gene deletion approach, we have shown that Synechocystis apo-carotenoid-15,15-oxygenase (SynACO), encoded by gene sll1541, is an indispensable enzyme for retinal synthesis in Synechocystis, presumably via asymmetric cleavage of β-apo-carotenal. The second carotenoid oxygenase (SynDiox2), encoded by gene slr1648, competes with SynACO for substrate(s) but only measurably contributes to retinal biosynthesis in stationary phase via an as-yet-unknown mechanism. In vivo degradation of retinal may proceed through spontaneous chemical oxidation and via enzyme-catalyzed processes. Deletion of gene slr0574 (encoding CYP120A1), but not of slr0091 or of slr1192, causes an increase (relative to the level in wild-type Synechocystis) in the retinal content in both the linear and stationary growth phases. These results suggest that CYP120A1 does contribute to retinal degradation. Preliminary data obtained using 13C-labeled retinal suggest that conversion to retinol and retinoic acid and subsequent further oxidation also play a role. Deletion of sll1541 leads to deficiency in retinal synthesis and allows the in vivo reconstitution of far-red-absorbing holo-proteorhodopsin with exogenous retinal analogues, as demonstrated here for all-trans 3,4-dehydroretinal and 3-methylamino-16-nor-1,2,3,4-didehydroretinal.IMPORTANCE Retinal is formed by many cyanobacteria and has a critical role in most forms of life for processes such as photoreception, growth, and stress survival. However, the metabolic pathways in cyanobacteria for synthesis and degradation of retinal are poorly understood. In this paper we identify genes involved in its synthesis, characterize their role, and provide an initial characterization of the pathway of its degradation. This led to the identification of sll1541 (encoding SynACO) as the essential gene for retinal synthesis. Multiple pathways for retinal degradation presumably exist. These results have allowed us to construct a strain that expresses a light-dependent proton pump with an action spectrum extending beyond 700 nm. The availability of this strain will be important for further work aimed at increasing the overall efficiency of oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Belyaeva OV, Wu L, Shmarakov I, Nelson PS, Kedishvili NY. Retinol dehydrogenase 11 is essential for the maintenance of retinol homeostasis in liver and testis in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6996-7007. [PMID: 29567832 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) is a microsomal short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase that recognizes all-trans- and cis-retinoids as substrates and prefers NADPH as a cofactor. Previous work has suggested that RDH11 contributes to the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinaldehyde during the visual cycle in the eye's retinal pigment epithelium. However, the role of RDH11 in metabolism of all-trans-retinoids remains obscure. Here, we report that microsomes isolated from the testes and livers of Rdh11-/- mice fed a regular diet exhibited a 3- and 1.7-fold lower rate of all-trans-retinaldehyde conversion to all-trans-retinol, respectively, than the microsomes of WT littermates. Testes and livers of Rdh11-/- mice fed a vitamin A-deficient diet had ∼35% lower levels of all-trans-retinol than those of WT mice. Furthermore, the conversion of β-carotene to retinol via retinaldehyde as an intermediate appeared to be impaired in the testes of Rdh11-/-/retinol-binding protein 4-/-(Rbp4-/-) mice, which lack circulating holo RBP4 and rely on dietary supplementation with β-carotene for maintenance of their retinoid stores. Together, these results indicate that in mouse testis and liver, RDH11 functions as an all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase essential for the maintenance of physiological levels of all-trans-retinol under reduced vitamin A availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Belyaeva
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Lizhi Wu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Igor Shmarakov
- the Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 21007
| | - Peter S Nelson
- the Departments of Urology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, and.,the Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294,
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Ruiz FX, Crespo I, Álvarez S, Porté S, Giménez-Dejoz J, Cousido-Siah A, Mitschler A, de Lera ÁR, Parés X, Podjarny A, Farrés J. Structural basis for the inhibition of AKR1B10 by the C3 brominated TTNPB derivative UVI2008. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 276:174-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Giménez-Dejoz J, Weber S, Barski OA, Möller G, Adamski J, Parés X, Porté S, Farrés J. Characterization of AKR1B16, a novel mouse aldo-keto reductase. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 276:182-193. [PMID: 28322781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are distributed in three families and multiple subfamilies in mammals. The mouse Akr1b3 gene is clearly orthologous to human AKR1B1, both coding for aldose reductase, and their gene products show similar tissue distribution, regulation by osmotic stress and kinetic properties. In contrast, no unambiguous orthologs of human AKR1B10 and AKR1B15.1 have been identified in rodents. Although two more AKRs, AKR1B7 and AKR1B8, have been identified and characterized in mouse, none of them seems to exhibit properties similar to the human AKRs. Recently, a novel mouse AKR gene, Akr1b16, was annotated and the respective gene product, AKR1B16 (sharing 83% and 80% amino acid sequence identity with AKR1B10 and AKR1B15.1, respectively), was expressed as insoluble and inactive protein in a bacterial expression system. Here we describe the expression and purification of a soluble and enzymatically active AKR1B16 from E. coli using three chaperone systems. A structural model of AKR1B16 allowed the estimation of its active-site pocket volume, which was much wider (402 Å3) than those of AKR1B10 (279 Å3) and AKR1B15.1 (60 Å3). AKR1B16 reduced aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds, using NADPH as a cofactor, with moderate or low activity (highest kcat values around 5 min-1). The best substrate for the enzyme was pyridine-3-aldehyde. AKR1B16 showed poor inhibition with classical AKR inhibitors, tolrestat being the most potent. Kinetics and inhibition properties resemble those of rat AKR1B17 but differ from those of the human enzymes. In addition, AKR1B16 catalyzed the oxidation of 17β-hydroxysteroids in a NADP+-dependent manner. These results, together with a phylogenetic analysis, suggest that mouse AKR1B16 is an ortholog of rat AKR1B17, but not of human AKR1B10 or AKR1B15.1. These human enzymes have no counterpart in the murine species, which is evidenced by forming a separate cluster in the phylogenetic tree and by their unique activity with retinaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Giménez-Dejoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Susanne Weber
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oleg A Barski
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xavier Parés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Sergio Porté
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Jaume Farrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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Penning TM. Aldo-Keto Reductase Regulation by the Nrf2 System: Implications for Stress Response, Chemotherapy Drug Resistance, and Carcinogenesis. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:162-176. [PMID: 27806574 PMCID: PMC5241174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases that convert aldehydes and ketones to primary and secondary alcohols for subsequent conjugation reactions and can be referred to as "phase 1" enzymes. Among all the human genes regulated by the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, they are consistently the most overexpressed in response to Nrf2 activators. Although these enzymes play clear cytoprotective roles and deal effectively with carbonyl stress, their upregulation by the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway also has a potential dark-side, which can lead to chemotherapeutic drug resistance and the metabolic activation of lung carcinogens (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). They also play determinant roles in 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone metabolism to R- and S-4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. The overexpression of AKR genes as components of the "smoking gene" battery raises the issue as to whether this is part of a smoking stress response or acquired susceptibility to lung cancer. Human AKR genes also regulate retinoid, prostaglandin, and steroid hormone metabolism and can regulate the local concentrations of ligands available for nuclear receptors (NRs). The prospect exists that signaling through the Keap1/Nrf2 system can also effect NR signaling, but this has remained largely unexplored. We present the case that chemoprevention through the Keap1/Nrf2 system may be context dependent and that the Nrf2 "dose-response curve" for electrophilic and redox balance may not be monotonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M. Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Huang L, He R, Luo W, Zhu YS, Li J, Tan T, Zhang X, Hu Z, Luo D. Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B10 Inhibitors: Potential Drugs for Cancer Treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2017; 11:184-96. [PMID: 26844556 PMCID: PMC5403964 DOI: 10.2174/1574892811888160304113346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic NADPH-dependent reductase AKR1B10 is a member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. This enzyme is normally expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. However, it is overexpressed in many solid tumors, such as hepatocarcinoma, lung cancer and breast cancer. AKR1B10 may play a role in the formation and development of carcinomas through multiple mechanisms including detoxification of cytotoxic carbonyls, modulation of retinoic acid level, and regulation of cellular fatty acid synthesis and lipid metabolism. Studies have suggested that AKR1B10 may be a useful biomarker for cancer diagnosis and a potential target for cancer treatment. Over the last decade, a number of AKR1B10 inhibitors including aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs), endogenous substances, natural-based derivatives and synthetic compounds have been developed, which could be novel anticancer drugs. This review provides an overview on related articles and patents about AKR1B10 inhibitors, with a focus on their inhibition selectivity and mechanism of function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zheng Hu
- Translational Medicine Institute, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Collaborative Research Center for Postdoctoral Mobile Stations of Central South University, Affiliated the First Peoples Hospital of Chenzhou of University of South China, Chenzhou 432000, P.R.China.
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Kong KW, Abdul Aziz A, Razali N, Aminuddin N, Mat Junit S. Antioxidant-rich leaf extract of Barringtonia racemosa significantly alters the in vitro expression of genes encoding enzymes that are involved in methylglyoxal degradation III. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2379. [PMID: 27635343 PMCID: PMC5012310 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Barringtonia racemosa is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lecythidaceae family. The water extract of B. racemosa leaf (BLE) has been shown to be rich in polyphenols. Despite the diverse medicinal properties of B. racemosa, information on its major biological effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still lacking. Methods In this study, the effect of the antioxidant-rich BLE on gene expression in HepG2 cells was investigated using microarray analysis in order to shed more light on the molecular mechanism associated with the medicinal properties of the plant. Results Microarray analysis showed that a total of 138 genes were significantly altered in response to BLE treatment (p < 0.05) with a fold change difference of at least 1.5. SERPINE1 was the most significantly up-regulated gene at 2.8-fold while HAMP was the most significantly down-regulated gene at 6.5-fold. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) revealed that “Cancer, cell death and survival, cellular movement” was the top network affected by the BLE with a score of 44. The top five canonical pathways associated with BLE were Methylglyoxal Degradation III followed by VDR/RXR activation, TR/RXR activation, PXR/RXR activation and gluconeogenesis. The expression of genes that encode for enzymes involved in methylglyoxal degradation (ADH4, AKR1B10 and AKR1C2) and glycolytic process (ENO3, ALDOC and SLC2A1) was significantly regulated. Owing to the Warburg effect, aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells may increase the level of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic compound. Conclusions BLE has the potential to be developed into a novel chemopreventive agent provided that the cytotoxic effects related to methylglyoxal accumulation are minimized in normal cells that rely on aerobic glycolysis for energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Weng Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Azlina Abdul Aziz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Nurhanani Razali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Norhaniza Aminuddin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Sarni Mat Junit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Kuznetsova ES, Zinovieva OL, Oparina NY, Prokofjeva MM, Spirin PV, Favorskaya IA, Zborovskaya IB, Lisitsyn NA, Prassolov VS, Mashkova TD. Abnormal expression of genes that regulate retinoid metabolism and signaling in non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Štambergová H, Zemanová L, Lundová T, Malčeková B, Skarka A, Šafr M, Wsól V. Human DHRS7, promising enzyme in metabolism of steroids and retinoids? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:112-9. [PMID: 26466768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of steroids and retinoids has been studied in detail for a long time, as these compounds are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological processes. Many enzymes participating in the conversion of such compounds are members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. Despite great effort, there still remain a number of poorly characterized SDR proteins. According to various bioinformatics predictions, many of these proteins may play a role in the metabolism of steroids and retinoids. Dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7 (DHRS7) is one such protein. In a previous study, we determined DHRS7 to be an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum facing the lumen which has shown at least in vitro NADPH-dependent reducing activity toward several eobiotics and xenobiotics bearing a carbonyl moiety. In the present paper pure DHRS7 was used for a more detailed study of both substrate screening and an analysis of kinetics parameters of the physiologically important substrates androstene-3,17-dione, cortisone and all-trans-retinal. Expression patterns of DHRS7 at the mRNA as well as protein level were determined in a panel of various human tissue samples, a procedure that has enabled the first estimation of the possible biological function of this enzyme. DHRS7 is expressed in tissues such as prostate, adrenal glands, liver or intestine, where its activity could be well exploited. Preliminary indications show that DHRS7 exhibits dual substrate specificity recognizing not only steroids but also retinoids as potential substrates and could be important in the metabolism of these signalling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Štambergová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Zemanová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Lundová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Beata Malčeková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Šafr
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Wsól
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) was identified as the biologically active form of vitamin A almost 70 years ago and work on its function and mechanism of action is still of major interest both from a scientific and a clinical perspective. The currently accepted model postulates that RA is produced in two sequential oxidative steps: first, retinol is oxidized reversibly to retinaldehyde, and then retinaldehyde is oxidized irreversibly to RA. Excess RA is inactivated by conversion to hydroxylated derivatives. Much is left to learn, especially about retinoid binding proteins and the trafficking of the hydrophobic retinoid substrates between membrane bound and cytosolic enzymes. Here, background on development of the field and an update on recent advances in our understanding of the enzymatic pathways and mechanisms that control the rate of RA production and degradation are presented with a focus on the many questions that remain unanswered.
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Abstract
Visual systems detect light by monitoring the effect of photoisomerization of a chromophore on the release of a neurotransmitter from sensory neurons, known as rod and cone photoreceptor cells in vertebrate retina. In all known visual systems, the chromophore is 11-cis-retinal complexed with a protein, called opsin, and photoisomerization produces all-trans-retinal. In mammals, regeneration of 11-cis-retinal following photoisomerization occurs by a thermally driven isomerization reaction. Additional reactions are required during regeneration to protect cells from the toxicity of aldehyde forms of vitamin A that are essential to the visual process. Photochemical and phototransduction reactions in rods and cones are identical; however, reactions of the rod and cone visual pigment regeneration cycles differ, and perplexingly, rod and cone regeneration cycles appear to use different mechanisms to overcome the energy barrier involved in converting all-trans- to 11-cis-retinoid. Abnormal processing of all-trans-retinal in the rod regeneration cycle leads to retinal degeneration, suggesting that excessive amounts of the retinoid itself or its derivatives are toxic. This line of reasoning led to the development of various approaches to modifying the activity of the rod visual cycle as a possible therapeutic approach to delay or prevent retinal degeneration in inherited retinal diseases and perhaps in the dry form of macular degeneration (geographic atrophy). In spite of great progress in understanding the functioning of rod and cone regeneration cycles at a molecular level, resolution of a number of remaining puzzling issues will offer insight into the amelioration of several blinding retinal diseases.
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Chen H, Babino D, Schoenbichler SA, Arkhipova V, Töchterle S, Martin F, Huck CW, von Lintig J, Meyer D. Nmnat1-Rbp7 Is a Conserved Fusion-Protein That Combines NAD+ Catalysis of Nmnat1 with Subcellular Localization of Rbp7. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143825. [PMID: 26618989 PMCID: PMC4664474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinol binding proteins (Rbps) are known as carriers for transport and targeting of retinoids to their metabolizing enzymes. Rbps are also reported to function in regulating the homeostatic balance of retinoid metabolism, as their level of retinoid occupancy impacts the activities of retinoid metabolizing enzymes. Here we used zebrafish as a model to study rbp7a function and regulation. We find that early embryonic rbp7a expression is negatively regulated by the Nodal/FoxH1-signaling pathway and we show that Nodal/FoxH1 activity has the opposite effect on aldh1a2, which encodes the major enzyme for early embryonic retinoic acid production. The data are consistent with a Nodal-dependent coordination of the allocation of retinoid precursors to processing enzymes with the catalysis of retinoic acid formation. Further, we describe a novel nmnat1-rbp7 transcript encoding a fusion of Rbp7 and the NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) synthesizing enzyme Nmnat1. We show that nmnat1-rbp7 is conserved in fish, mouse and chicken, and that in zebrafish regulation of nmnat1-rbp7a is distinct from that of rbp7a and nmnat1. Injection experiments in zebrafish further revealed that Nmnat1-Rbp7a and Nmnat1 have similar NAD+ catalyzing activities but a different subcellular localization. HPLC measurements and protein localization analysis highlight Nmnat1-Rbp7a as the only known cytoplasmic and presumably endoplasmic reticulum (ER) specific NAD+ catalyzing enzyme. These studies, taken together with previously documented NAD+ dependent interaction of RBPs with ER-associated enzymes of retinal catalysis, implicate functions of this newly described NMNAT1-Rbp7 fusion protein in retinol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Darwin Babino
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States of America
| | - Stefan A. Schoenbichler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry/ CCB–Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valeryia Arkhipova
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Töchterle
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Martin
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W. Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry/ CCB–Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States of America
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Zemanova L, Hofman J, Novotna E, Musilek K, Lundova T, Havrankova J, Hostalkova A, Chlebek J, Cahlikova L, Wsol V. Flavones Inhibit the Activity of AKR1B10, a Promising Therapeutic Target for Cancer Treatment. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2666-2674. [PMID: 26529431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AKR1B10 is an NADPH-dependent reductase that plays an important function in several physiological reactions such as the conversion of retinal to retinol, reduction of isoprenyl aldehydes, and biotransformation of procarcinogens and drugs. A growing body of evidence points to the important role of the enzyme in the development of several types of cancer (e.g., breast, hepatocellular), in which it is highly overexpressed. AKR1B10 is regarded as a therapeutic target for the treatment of these diseases, and potent and specific inhibitors may be promising therapeutic agents. Several inhibitors of AKR1B10 have been described, but the area of natural plant products has been investigated sparingly. In the present study almost 40 diverse phenolic compounds and alkaloids were examined for their ability to inhibit the recombinant AKR1B10 enzyme. The most potent inhibitors-apigenin, luteolin, and 7-hydroxyflavone-were further characterized in terms of IC50, selectivity, and mode of action. Molecular docking studies were also conducted, which identified putative binding residues important for the interaction. In addition, cellular studies demonstrated a significant inhibition of the AKR1B10-mediated reduction of daunorubicin in intact cells by these inhibitors without a considerable cytotoxic effect. Although these compounds are moderately potent and selective inhibitors of AKR1B10, they constitute a new structural type of AKR1B10 inhibitor and may serve as a template for the development of better inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove , Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Ruiz FX, Cousido-Siah A, Porté S, Domínguez M, Crespo I, Rechlin C, Mitschler A, de Lera ÁR, Martín MJ, de la Fuente JÁ, Klebe G, Parés X, Farrés J, Podjarny A. Structural Determinants of the Selectivity of 3-Benzyluracil-1-acetic Acids toward Human Enzymes Aldose Reductase and AKR1B10. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1989-2003. [PMID: 26549844 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human enzymes aldose reductase (AR) and AKR1B10 have been thoroughly explored in terms of their roles in diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. In this study we identified two new lead compounds, 2-(3-(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzyl)-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetic acid (JF0048, 3) and 2-(2,4-dioxo-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-6-methoxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetic acid (JF0049, 4), which selectively target these enzymes. Although 3 and 4 share the 3-benzyluracil-1-acetic acid scaffold, they have different substituents in their aryl moieties. Inhibition studies along with thermodynamic and structural characterizations of both enzymes revealed that the chloronitrobenzyl moiety of compound 3 can open the AR specificity pocket but not that of the AKR1B10 cognate. In contrast, the larger atoms at the ortho and/or meta positions of compound 4 prevent the AR specificity pocket from opening due to steric hindrance and provide a tighter fit to the AKR1B10 inhibitor binding pocket, probably enhanced by the displacement of a disordered water molecule trapped in a hydrophobic subpocket, creating an enthalpic signature. Furthermore, this selectivity also occurs in the cell, which enables the development of a more efficient drug design strategy: compound 3 prevents sorbitol accumulation in human retinal ARPE-19 cells, whereas 4 stops proliferation in human lung cancer NCI-H460 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc X Ruiz
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch CEDEX, France. .,Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 08854-5627, Piscataway, NJ, (USA).
| | - Alexandra Cousido-Siah
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - Sergio Porté
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Domínguez
- Departmento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, 363100, Vigo, Spain
| | - Isidro Crespo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chris Rechlin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - André Mitschler
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - Ángel R de Lera
- Departmento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, 363100, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martín
- Biomar Microbial Technologies S.A., Parque Tecnológico de León, 24009, León, Spain
| | | | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Parés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Farrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Podjarny
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch CEDEX, France.
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Human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 8 (DHRS8): a description and evaluation of its biochemical properties. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:35-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hong SH, Kim KR, Oh DK. Biochemical properties of retinoid-converting enzymes and biotechnological production of retinoids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7813-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Giménez-Dejoz J, Kolář MH, Ruiz FX, Crespo I, Cousido-Siah A, Podjarny A, Barski OA, Fanfrlík J, Parés X, Farrés J, Porté S. Substrate Specificity, Inhibitor Selectivity and Structure-Function Relationships of Aldo-Keto Reductase 1B15: A Novel Human Retinaldehyde Reductase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134506. [PMID: 26222439 PMCID: PMC4519324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductase 1B15 (AKR1B15) is a newly discovered enzyme which shares 92% amino acid sequence identity with AKR1B10. While AKR1B10 is a well characterized enzyme with high retinaldehyde reductase activity, involved in the development of several cancer types, the enzymatic activity and physiological role of AKR1B15 are still poorly known. Here, the purified recombinant enzyme has been subjected to substrate specificity characterization, kinetic analysis and inhibitor screening, combined with structural modeling. AKR1B15 is active towards a variety of carbonyl substrates, including retinoids, with lower kcat and Km values than AKR1B10. In contrast to AKR1B10, which strongly prefers all-trans-retinaldehyde, AKR1B15 exhibits superior catalytic efficiency with 9-cis-retinaldehyde, the best substrate found for this enzyme. With ketone and dicarbonyl substrates, AKR1B15 also shows higher catalytic activity than AKR1B10. Several typical AKR inhibitors do not significantly affect AKR1B15 activity. Amino acid substitutions clustered in loops A and C result in a smaller, more hydrophobic and more rigid active site in AKR1B15 compared with the AKR1B10 pocket, consistent with distinct substrate specificity and narrower inhibitor selectivity for AKR1B15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Giménez-Dejoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michal H. Kolář
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Francesc X. Ruiz
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire-Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - Isidro Crespo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Cousido-Siah
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire-Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - Alberto Podjarny
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire-Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - Oleg A. Barski
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xavier Parés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Farrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Porté
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Penning TM. The aldo-keto reductases (AKRs): Overview. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 234:236-46. [PMID: 25304492 PMCID: PMC4388799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) protein superfamily contains >190 members that fall into 16 families and are found in all phyla. These enzymes reduce carbonyl substrates such as: sugar aldehydes; keto-steroids, keto-prostaglandins, retinals, quinones, and lipid peroxidation by-products. Exceptions include the reduction of steroid double bonds catalyzed by AKR1D enzymes (5β-reductases); and the oxidation of proximate carcinogen trans-dihydrodiol polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; while the β-subunits of potassium gated ion channels (AKR6 family) control Kv channel opening. AKRs are usually 37kDa monomers, have an (α/β)8-barrel motif, display large loops at the back of the barrel which govern substrate specificity, and have a conserved cofactor binding domain. AKRs catalyze an ordered bi bi kinetic mechanism in which NAD(P)H cofactor binds first and leaves last. In enzymes that favor NADPH, the rate of release of NADP(+) is governed by a slow isomerization step which places an upper limit on kcat. AKRs retain a conserved catalytic tetrad consisting of Tyr55, Asp50, Lys84, and His117 (AKR1C9 numbering). There is conservation of the catalytic mechanism with short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) even though they show different protein folds. There are 15 human AKRs of these AKR1B1, AKR1C1-1C3, AKR1D1, and AKR1B10 have been implicated in diabetic complications, steroid hormone dependent malignancies, bile acid deficiency and defects in retinoic acid signaling, respectively. Inhibitor programs exist world-wide to target each of these enzymes to treat the aforementioned disorders. Inherited mutations in AKR1C and AKR1D1 enzymes are implicated in defects in the development of male genitalia and bile acid deficiency, respectively, and occur in evolutionarily conserved amino acids. The human AKRs have a large number of nsSNPs and splice variants, but in many instances functional genomics is lacking. AKRs and their variants are now poised to be interrogated using modern genomic and informatics approaches to determine their association with human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Higgins S, Wesley NO. Topical Retinoids and Cosmeceuticals: Where Is the Scientific Evidence to Recommend Products to Patients? CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-015-0102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Weber S, Salabei JK, Möller G, Kremmer E, Bhatnagar A, Adamski J, Barski OA. Aldo-keto Reductase 1B15 (AKR1B15): a mitochondrial human aldo-keto reductase with activity toward steroids and 3-keto-acyl-CoA conjugates. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6531-45. [PMID: 25577493 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.610121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) comprise a superfamily of proteins involved in the reduction and oxidation of biogenic and xenobiotic carbonyls. In humans, at least 15 AKR superfamily members have been identified so far. One of these is a newly identified gene locus, AKR1B15, which clusters on chromosome 7 with the other human AKR1B subfamily members (i.e. AKR1B1 and AKR1B10). We show that alternative splicing of the AKR1B15 gene transcript gives rise to two protein isoforms with different N termini: AKR1B15.1 is a 316-amino acid protein with 91% amino acid identity to AKR1B10; AKR1B15.2 has a prolonged N terminus and consists of 344 amino acid residues. The two gene products differ in their expression level, subcellular localization, and activity. In contrast with other AKR enzymes, which are mostly cytosolic, AKR1B15.1 co-localizes with the mitochondria. Kinetic studies show that AKR1B15.1 is predominantly a reductive enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of androgens and estrogens with high positional selectivity (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity) as well as 3-keto-acyl-CoA conjugates and exhibits strong cofactor selectivity toward NADP(H). In accordance with its substrate spectrum, the enzyme is expressed at the highest levels in steroid-sensitive tissues, namely placenta, testis, and adipose tissue. Placental and adipose expression could be reproduced in the BeWo and SGBS cell lines, respectively. In contrast, AKR1B15.2 localizes to the cytosol and displays no enzymatic activity with the substrates tested. Collectively, these results demonstrate the existence of a novel catalytically active AKR, which is associated with mitochondria and expressed mainly in steroid-sensitive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Weber
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joshua K Salabei
- the Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Gabriele Möller
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- the Institute of Molecular Immunology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 81377 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- the Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, the Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, 85356 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany, and the German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oleg A Barski
- the Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202,
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Characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase from Kangiella koreensis and its application to production of all-trans-retinol. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:849-56. [PMID: 25481533 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Kangiella koreensis was purified as a 40 kDa dimer with a specific activity of 21.3 nmol min(-1) mg(-1), a K m of 1.8 μM, and a k cat of 1.7 min(-1) for all-trans-retinal using NADH as cofactor. The enzyme showed activity for all-trans-retinol using NAD (+) as a cofactor. The reaction conditions for all-trans-retinol production were optimal at pH 6.5 and 60 °C, 2 g enzyme l(-1), and 2,200 mg all-trans-retinal l(-1) in the presence of 5% (v/v) methanol, 1% (w/v) hydroquinone, and 10 mM NADH. Under optimized conditions, the ADH produced 600 mg all-trans-retinol l(-1) after 3 h, with a conversion yield of 27.3% (w/w) and a productivity of 200 mg l(-1) h(-1). This is the first report of the characterization of a bacterial ADH for all-trans-retinal and the biotechnological production of all-trans-retinol using ADH.
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Lundová T, Zemanová L, Malčeková B, Skarka A, Štambergová H, Havránková J, Šafr M, Wsól V. Molecular and biochemical characterisation of human short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase member 3 (DHRS3). Chem Biol Interact 2014; 234:178-87. [PMID: 25451588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3 (DHRS3), also known as retinal short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (retSDR1) is a member of SDR16C family. This family is thought to be NADP(H) dependent and to have multiple substrates; however, to date, only all-trans-retinal has been identified as a DHRS3 substrate. The reductive reaction catalysed by DHRS3 seems to be physiological, and recent studies proved the importance of DHRS3 for maintaining suitable retinoic acid levels during embryonic development in vivo. Although it seems that DHRS3 is an important protein, knowledge of the protein and its properties is quite limited, with the majority of information being more than 15 years old. This study aimed to generate a more comprehensive characterisation of the DHRS3 protein. Recombinant enzyme was prepared and demonstrated to be a microsomal, integral-membrane protein with the C-terminus oriented towards the cytosol, consistent with its preference of NADPH as a cofactor. It was determined that DHRS3 also participates in the metabolism of other endogenous compounds, such as androstenedione, estrone, and DL-glyceraldehyde, and in the biotransformation of xenobiotics (e.g., NNK and acetohexamide) in addition to all-trans-retinal. Purified and reconstituted enzyme was prepared for the first time and will be used for further studies. Expression of DHRS3 was shown at the level of both mRNA and protein in the human liver, testis and small intestine. This new information could open other areas of DHRS3 protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Lundová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Zemanová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Beata Malčeková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Štambergová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Havránková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Šafr
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Wsól
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Takahashi Y, Moiseyev G, Ma JX. Identification of key residues determining isomerohydrolase activity of human RPE65. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26743-26751. [PMID: 25112876 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.558619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RPE65 is the retinoid isomerohydrolase that converts all-trans-retinyl ester to 11-cis-retinol, a key reaction in the retinoid visual cycle. We have previously reported that cone-dominant chicken RPE65 (cRPE65) shares 90% sequence identity with human RPE65 (hRPE65) but exhibits substantially higher isomerohydrolase activity than that of bovine RPE65 or hRPE65. In this study, we sought to identify key residues responsible for the higher enzymatic activity of cRPE65. Based on the amino acid sequence comparison of mammalian and other lower vertebrates' RPE65, including cone-dominant chicken, 8 residues of hRPE65 were separately replaced by their counterparts of cRPE65 using site-directed mutagenesis. The enzymatic activities of cRPE65, hRPE65, and its mutants were measured by in vitro isomerohydrolase activity assay, and the retinoid products were analyzed by HPLC. Among the mutants analyzed, two single point mutants, N170K and K297G, and a double mutant, N170K/K297G, of hRPE65 exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity than WT hRPE65. Further, when an amino-terminal fragment (Met(1)-Arg(33)) of the N170K/K297G double mutant of hRPE65 was replaced with the corresponding cRPE65 fragment, the isomerohydrolase activity was further increased to a level similar to that of cRPE65. This finding contributes to the understanding of the structural basis for isomerohydrolase activity. This highly efficient human isomerohydrolase mutant can be used to improve the efficacy of RPE65 gene therapy for retinal degeneration caused by RPE65 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Gennadiy Moiseyev
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104; Department of Physiology, and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104; Department of Physiology, and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.
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Kropotova ES, Zinovieva OL, Zyryanova AF, Dybovaya VI, Prasolov VS, Beresten SF, Oparina NY, Mashkova TD. Altered expression of multiple genes involved in retinoic acid biosynthesis in human colorectal cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:707-17. [PMID: 24599561 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), the oxidized form of vitamin A (retinol), regulates a wide variety of biological processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Multiple alcohol, retinol and retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (ADHs, RDHs, RALDHs) as well as aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) catalyze atRA production. The reduced atRA biosynthesis has been observed in several human tumors, including colorectal cancer. However, subsets of atRA-synthesizing enzymes have not been determined in colorectal tumors. We investigated the expression patterns of genes involved in atRA biosynthesis in normal human colorectal tissues, primary carcinomas and cancer cell lines by RT-PCR. These genes were identified using transcriptomic data analysis (expressed sequence tags, RNA-sequencing, microarrays). Our results indicate that each step of the atRA biosynthesis pathway is dysregulated in colorectal cancer. Frequent and significant decreases in the mRNA levels of the ADH1B, ADH1C, RDHL, RDH5 and AKR1B10 genes were observed in a majority of colorectal carcinomas. The expression levels of the RALDH1 gene were reduced, and the expression levels of the cytochrome CYP26A1 gene increased. The human colon cancer cell lines showed a similar pattern of changes in the mRNA levels of these genes. A dramatic reduction in the expression of genes encoding the predominant retinol-oxidizing enzymes could impair atRA production. The most abundant of these genes, ADH1B and ADH1C, display decreased expression during progression from adenoma to early and more advanced stage of colorectal carcinomas. The diminished atRA biosynthesis may lead to alteration of cell growth and differentiation in the colon and rectum, thus contributing to the progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Kropotova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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