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Shu Z, Dwivedi B, Switchenko JM, Yu DS, Deng X. PD-L1 deglycosylation promotes its nuclear translocation and accelerates DNA double-strand-break repair in cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6830. [PMID: 39122729 PMCID: PMC11316045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiotherapy is a major barrier during cancer treatment. Here using genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screening, we identify CD274 gene, which encodes PD-L1, to confer lung cancer cell resistance to ionizing radiation (IR). Depletion of endogenous PD-L1 delays the repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and PD-L1 loss downregulates non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) while overexpression of PD-L1 upregulates NHEJ. IR induces translocation of PD-L1 from the membrane into nucleus dependent on deglycosylation of PD-L1 at N219 and CMTM6 and leads to PD-L1 recruitment to DSBs foci. PD-L1 interacts with Ku in the nucleus and enhances Ku binding to DSB DNA. The interaction between the IgC domain of PD-L1 and the core domain of Ku is required for PD-L1 to accelerate NHEJ-mediated DSB repair and produce radioresistance. Thus, PD-L1, in addition to its immune inhibitory activity, acts as mechanistic driver for NHEJ-mediated DSB repair in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bhakti Dwivedi
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Switchenko
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David S Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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2
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Hong CR, Liew LP, Wong WW, Dickson BD, Cheng G, Shome A, Airey R, Jaiswal J, Lipert B, Jamieson SMF, Wilson WR, Hay MP. Identification of 6-Anilino Imidazo[4,5- c]pyridin-2-ones as Selective DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitors and Their Application as Radiosensitizers. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12366-12385. [PMID: 39007759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The dominant role of non-homologous end-joining in the repair of radiation-induced double-strand breaks identifies DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) as an excellent target for the development of radiosensitizers. We report the discovery of a new class of imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-2-one DNA-PK inhibitors. Structure-activity studies culminated in the identification of 78 as a nM DNA-PK inhibitor with excellent selectivity for DNA-PK compared to related phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and PI3K-like kinase (PIKK) families and the broader kinome, and displayed DNA-PK-dependent radiosensitization of HAP1 cells. Compound 78 demonstrated robust radiosensitization of a broad range of cancer cells in vitro, displayed high oral bioavailability, and sensitized colorectal carcinoma (HCT116/54C) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (UT-SCC-74B) tumor xenografts to radiation. Compound 78 also provided substantial tumor growth inhibition of HCT116/54C tumor xenografts in combination with radiation. Compound 78 represents a new, potent, and selective class of DNA-PK inhibitors with significant potential as radiosensitizers for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho R Hong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lydia P Liew
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Way W Wong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin D Dickson
- Chemistry and Applied Physics, School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Gary Cheng
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Avik Shome
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Airey
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jagdish Jaiswal
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Barbara Lipert
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Hay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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3
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Zhang C, Liu J, Wu J, Ranjan K, Cui X, Wang X, Zhang D, Zhu S. Key molecular DNA damage responses of human cells to radiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1422520. [PMID: 39050891 PMCID: PMC11266142 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1422520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the DNA damage responses of human cells to radiation has increased remarkably over the recent years although some notable signaling events remain to be discovered. Here we provide a brief account of the key molecular events of the responses to reflect the current understanding of the key underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Nantong, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- Cancer Research Center, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Kamakshi Ranjan
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xingdan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nantong Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shudong Zhu
- Cancer Research Center, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Nantong, China
- Argus Pharmaceuticals, Changsha, China
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4
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Unverricht-Yeboah M, Von Ameln M, Kriehuber R. Induction of Chromosomal Aberrations after Exposure to the Auger Electron Emitter Iodine-125, the β--emitter Tritium and Cesium-137 γ rays. Radiat Res 2024; 201:479-486. [PMID: 38407403 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00158.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
High-LET-type cell survival curves have been observed in cells that were allowed to incorporate 125I-UdR into their DNA. Incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the DNA of cells has also been shown to result in an increase in relative biological effectiveness in cell survival experiments, but the increase is smaller than observed after incorporation of 125I-UdR. These findings are explained in the literature by the overall complexity of the induced DNA damage resulting from energies of the ejected electron(s) during the decay of 3H and 125I. Chromosomal aberrations (CA) are defined as morphological or structural changes of one or more chromosomes, and can be induced by ionizing radiation. Whether the number of CA is associated with the linear energy transfer (LET) of the radiation and/or the actual complexity of the induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) remains elusive. In this study, we investigated whether DNA lesions induced at different cell cycle stages and by different radiation types [Auger-electrons (125I), β- particles (3H), or γ radiation (137Cs)] have an impact on the number of CA induced after induction of the same number of DSB as determined by the γ-H2AX foci assay. Cells were synchronized and pulse-labeled in S phase with low activities of 125I-UdR or tritiated thymidine. For decay accumulation, cells were cryopreserved either after pulse-labeling in S phase or after progression to G2/M or G1 phase. Experiments with γ irradiation (137Cs) were performed with synchronized and cryopreserved cells in S, G2/M or G1 phase. After thawing, a CA assay was performed. All experiments were performed after a similar number of DSB were induced. CA induction after 125I-UdR was incorporated was 2.9-fold and 1.7-fold greater compared to exposure to γ radiation and radiation from incorporated tritiated thymidine, respectively, when measured in G2/M cells. In addition, measurement of CA in G2/M cells after incorporation of 125I-UdR was 2.5-fold greater when compared to cells in G1 phase. In contrast, no differences were observed between the three radiation qualities with respect to exposure after cryopreservation in S or G1 phase. The data indicate that the 3D organization of replicated DNA in G2/M cells seems to be more sensitive to induction of more complex DNA lesions compared to the DNA architecture in S or G1 cells. Whether this is due to the DNA organization itself or differences in DNA repair capability remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Unverricht-Yeboah
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Jülich, Germany
| | - M Von Ameln
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Jülich, Germany
| | - R Kriehuber
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Jülich, Germany
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5
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Rasouli S, Dakic A, Wang QE, Mitchell D, Blakaj DM, Putluri N, Li J, Liu X. Noncanonical functions of telomerase and telomeres in viruses-associated cancer. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29665. [PMID: 38738582 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The cause of cancer is attributed to the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells resulting from genetic changes and alterations in cell behavior, a phenomenon known as epigenetics. Telomeres, protective caps on the ends of chromosomes, regulate both cellular aging and cancer formation. In most cancers, telomerase is upregulated, with the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) enzyme and telomerase RNA component (TERC) RNA element contributing to the maintenance of telomere length. Additionally, it is noteworthy that two viruses, human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), utilize telomerase for their replication or persistence in infected cells. Also, TERT and TERC may play major roles in cancer not related to telomere biology. They are involved in the regulation of gene expression, signal transduction pathways, cellular metabolism, or even immune response modulation. Furthermore, the crosstalk between TERT, TERC, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs contributes to a greater extent to cancer biology. To understand the multifaceted roles played by TERT and TERC in cancer and viral life cycles, and then to develop effective therapeutic strategies against these diseases, are fundamental for this goal. By investigating deeply, the complicated mechanisms and relationships between TERT and TERC, scientists will open the doors to new therapies. In its analysis, the review emphasizes the significance of gaining insight into the multifaceted roles that TERT and TERC play in cancer pathogenesis, as well as their involvement in the viral life cycle for designing effective anticancer therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rasouli
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Darrion Mitchell
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dukagjin M Blakaj
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Urology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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6
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Punniyamoorthy D, Souframanien J. Gamma-rays induced genome wide stable mutations in cowpea deciphered through whole genome sequencing. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:1072-1084. [PMID: 38683196 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2345087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gamma rays are the most widely exploited physical mutagen in plant mutation breeding. They are known to be involved in the development of more than 60% of global cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) mutant varieties. Nevertheless, the nature and type of genome-wide mutations induced by gamma rays have not been studied in cowpea and therefore, the present investigation was undertaken. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNAs from three stable gamma rays-induced mutants (large seed size, small seed size and disease resistant mutant) of cowpea cultivar 'CPD103' in M6 generation along with its progenitor were used for Illumina-based whole-genome resequencing. RESULTS Gamma rays induced a relatively higher frequency (88.9%) of single base substitutions (SBSs) with an average transition to transversion ratio (Ti/Tv) of 3.51 in M6 generation. A > G transitions, including its complementary T > C transitions, predominated the transition mutations, while all four types of transversion mutations were detected with frequencies over 6.5%. Indels (small insertions and deletions) constituted about 11% of the total induced variations, wherein small insertions (6.3%) were relatively more prominent than small deletions (4.8%). Among the indels, single-base indels and, in particular, those involving A/T bases showed a preponderance, albeit indels of up to three bases were detected in low proportions. Distributed across all 11 chromosomes, only a fraction of SBSs (19.45%) and indels (20.2%) potentially altered the encoded amino acids/peptides. The inherent mutation rate induced by gamma rays in cowpea was observed to be in the order of 1.4 × 10-7 per base pair in M6 generation. CONCLUSION Gamma-rays with a greater tendency to induce SBSs and, to a lesser extent, indels could be efficiently and effectively exploited in cowpea mutation breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jegadeesan Souframanien
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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7
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Zhang Y, Zheng J, Chen M, Zhao S, Ma R, Chen W, Liu J. Modulating DNA damage response in uveal melanoma through embryonic stem cell microenvironment. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:519. [PMID: 38654216 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, with a median survival of 4-5 months following metastasis. DNA damage response (DDR) upregulation in UVM, which could be linked to its frequent activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, contributes to its treatment resistance. We have reported that embryonic stem cell microenvironments (ESCMe) can revert cancer cells to less aggressive states through downregulation of the PI3K signaling, showing promise in modulating the DDR of UVM. METHODS Since nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is the main DNA repair mechanism in UVM, this study utilized gene expression analysis and survival prognosis analysis to investigate the role of NHEJ-related genes in UVM based on public databases. Xenograft mouse models were established to assess the therapeutic potential of ESC transplantation and exposure to ESC-conditioned medium (ESC-CM) on key DNA repair pathways in UVM. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze NHEJ pathway-related gene expression in UVM and surrounding normal tissues. Apoptosis in UVM tissues was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. RESULTS PRKDC, KU70, XRCC5, LIG4 and PARP1 showed significant correlations with UM progression. High expression of PRKDC and XRCC5 predicted poorer overall survival, while low PARP1 and XRCC6 expression predicted better disease-free survival in UVM patients. ESCMe treatment significantly inhibited the NHEJ pathway transcriptionally and translationally and promoted apoptosis in tumor tissues in mice bearing UVM. Furthermore, ESC transplantation enhanced DDR activities in surrounding normal cells, potentially mitigating the side effects of cancer therapy. Notably, direct cell-to-cell contact with ESCs was more effective than their secreted factors in regulating the NHEJ pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NHEJ-related genes might serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in UVM. These findings support the therapeutic potential of ESC-based therapy in enhancing UVM sensitivity to radiochemotherapy and improving treatment outcomes while minimizing damage to healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxu Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Jinbiao Zheng
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Minyu Chen
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Shulun Zhao
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Ruiqian Ma
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Wenwei Chen
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China.
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8
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Xu Z, Qu M, Shi C, Zhang H, Chen W, Qian H, Zhang Z, Qiu J, Qian Q, Shang L. The MRE11-ATM-SOG1 DNA damage signaling pathway confers rice immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100789. [PMID: 38160258 PMCID: PMC11009159 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to microbial pathogens in the environment. One branch of innate plant immunity is mediated by cell-membrane-localized receptors, but less is known about associations between DNA damage and plant immune responses. Here, we show that rice (Oryza sativa) mesophyll cells are prone to DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in response to ZJ173, a strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The DSB signal transducer ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), but not the ATM and Rad3-related branch, confers resistance against Xoo. Mechanistically, the MRE11-ATM module phosphorylates suppressor of gamma response 1 (SOG1), which activates several phenylpropanoid pathway genes and prompts downstream phytoalexin biosynthesis during Xoo infection. Intriguingly, overexpression of the topoisomerase gene TOP6A3 causes a switch from the classic non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to the alternative NHEJ and homologous recombination pathways at Xoo-induced DSBs. The enhanced ATM signaling of the alternative NHEJ pathway strengthens the SOG1-regulated phenylpropanoid pathway and thereby boosts Xoo-induced phytoalexin biosynthesis in TOP6A3-OE1 overexpression lines. Overall, the MRE11-ATM-SOG1 pathway serves as a prime example of plant-pathogen interactions that occur via host non-specific recognition. The function of TOP6-facilitated ATM signaling in the defense response makes it a promising target for breeding of rice germplasm that exhibits resistance to bacterial blight disease without a growth penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Xu
- Guangzhou City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding, Guangzhou 510000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| | - Mingnan Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chuanlin Shi
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hongge Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, No. 8 Huanjin Road, Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province 572024, China.
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, No. 8 Huanjin Road, Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province 572024, China.
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9
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Merker L, Feller L, Dorn A, Puchta H. Deficiency of both classical and alternative end-joining pathways leads to a synergistic defect in double-strand break repair but not to an increase in homology-dependent gene targeting in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:242-254. [PMID: 38179887 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, double-strand breaks (DSBs) are either repaired by homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). In somatic plant cells, HR is very inefficient. Therefore, the vast majority of DSBs are repaired by two different pathways of NHEJ. The classical (cNHEJ) pathway depends on the heterodimer KU70/KU80, while polymerase theta (POLQ) is central to the alternative (aNHEJ) pathway. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis plants are viable, even when both pathways are impaired. However, they exhibit severe growth retardation and reduced fertility. Analysis of mitotic anaphases indicates that the double mutant is characterized by a dramatic increase in chromosome fragmentation due to defective DSB repair. In contrast to the single mutants, the double mutant was found to be highly sensitive to the DSB-inducing genotoxin bleomycin. Thus, both pathways can complement for each other efficiently in DSB repair. We speculated that in the absence of both NHEJ pathways, HR might be enhanced. This would be especially attractive for gene targeting (GT) in which predefined changes are introduced using a homologous template. Unexpectedly, the polq single mutant as well as the double mutant showed significantly lower GT frequencies in comparison to wildtype plants. Accordingly, we were able to show that elimination of both NHEJ pathways does not pose an attractive approach for Agrobacterium-mediated GT. However, our results clearly indicate that a loss of cNHEJ leads to an increase in GT frequency, which is especially drastic and attractive for practical applications, in which the in planta GT strategy is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Merker
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Laura Feller
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Annika Dorn
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Holger Puchta
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
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10
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Sato H, Ito T, Hayashi T, Kitano S, Erdjument-Bromage H, Bott MJ, Toyooka S, Zauderer M, Ladanyi M. The BAP1 nuclear deubiquitinase is involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway of double-strand DNA repair through interaction with DNA-PK. Oncogene 2024; 43:1087-1097. [PMID: 38383726 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) has emerged as a major tumor suppressor gene in diverse cancer types, notably in malignant pleural mesothelioma (DPM), and has also been identified as a germline cancer predisposition gene for DPM and other select cancers. However, its role in the response to DNA damage has remained unclear. Here, we show that BAP1 inactivation is associated with increased DNA damage both in Met-5A human mesothelial cells and human DPM cell lines. Through proteomic analyses, we identified PRKDC as an interaction partner of BAP1 protein complexes in DPM cells and 293 T human embryonic kidney cells. PRKDC encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) which functions in the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair. Double-stranded DNA damage resulted in prominent nuclear expression of BAP1 in DPM cells and phosphorylation of BAP1 at serine 395. A plasmid-based NHEJ assay confirmed a significant effect of BAP1 knockdown on cellular NHEJ activity. Combination treatment with X-ray irradiation and gemcitabine (as a radiosensitizer) strongly suppressed the growth of BAP1-deficient cells. Our results suggest reciprocal positive interactions between BAP1 and DNA-PKcs, based on phosphorylation of BAP1 by the latter and deubiquitination of DNA-PKcs by BAP1. Thus, functional interaction of BAP1 with DNA-PKcs supports a role for BAP1 in NHEJ DNA repair and may provide the basis for new therapeutic strategies and new insights into its role as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatsuo Ito
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shigehisa Kitano
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at Skirball Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Matthew J Bott
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Marjorie Zauderer
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Chen Y, Gong Y, Qin H, Wei S, Wei Y, Yu Y, Lin X, Shuai P, Wang T, Guo C, Wang Q, Li G, Meng L, Yi L. MDM2-p53 mediate a miR-181c-3p/LIF axis to regulate low dose-rate radiation-induced DNA damage in human B lymphocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115848. [PMID: 38134636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolonged exposure to low dose-rate radiation (LDRR) is of growing concern to public health. Recent evidences indicates that LDRR causes deleterious health effects and is closely related to miRNAs. The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between miRNAs and DNA damage caused by LDRR. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we irradiated C57BL/6J mice with 12.5μGy/h dose of γ ray emitted from uranium ore for 8 h a day for 120 days at a total dose of 12 mGy, and identified differentially expressed miRNAs from the mice long-term exposed to LDRR through isolating serum RNAs, constructing small RNA library, Illumina sequencing. To further investigate the role of differential miRNA under LDRR,we first built DNA damage model in Immortal B cells irradiated with 12.5μGy/h dose of γ ray for 28 days at a total dose of 9.4 mGy. Then, we chose the highly conserved miR-181c-3p among 12 miRNA and its mechanism in alleviating DNA damage induced by LDRR was studied by transfection, quantitative PCR, luciferase assay, and Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We have found that 12 differentially expressed miRNAs including miR-181c-3p in serum isolated from irradiated mice. Analysis of GO and KEGG indicated that target genes of theses 12 miRNA enriched in pathways related to membrane, protein binding and cancer. Long-term exposure to LDRR induced upregulation of gamma-H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX) expression, a classical biomarker for DNA damage in B cells. miR-181c-3p inhibited Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression via combining its 3'UTR. LIF, MDM2, p53, and p-p53-s6 were upregulated after exposure to LDRR. In irradiated B cells, Transfection of miR-181c-3p reduced γ-H2AX expression and suppressed LIF and MDM2 protein levels, whereas p-p53-s6 expression was increased. As expected, the effect of LIF inhibition on irradiated B cells was similar to miR-181c-3p overexpression. Our results suggest that LDRR alters miRNA expression and induces DNA damage. Furthermore, miR-181c-3p can alleviate LDRR-induced DNA damage via the LIF/MDM2/p-p53-s6 pathway in human B lymphocytes. This could provide the basis for prevention and treatment of LDRR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Chen
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yaqi Gong
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuanyun Wei
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yueqiu Yu
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Peimeng Shuai
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Caimao Guo
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Lijuan Meng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Lan Yi
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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12
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Koike M, Yamashita H, Yutoku Y, Koike A. Molecular cloning, subcellular localization, and rapid recruitment to DNA damage sites of chicken Ku70. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1188. [PMID: 38216643 PMCID: PMC10786929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ku70 is a multifunctional protein with pivotal roles in DNA repair via non-homologous end-joining, V(D)J recombination, telomere maintenance, and neuronal apoptosis control. Nonetheless, its regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Chicken Ku70 (GdKu70) cDNA has been previously cloned, and DT40 cells expressing it have significantly contributed to critical biological discoveries. GdKu70 features an additional 18 amino acids at its N-terminus compared to mammalian Ku70, the biological significance of which remains uncertain. Here, we show that the 5' flanking sequence of GdKu70 cDNA is not nearly encoded in the chicken genome. Notably, these 18 amino acids result from fusion events involving the NFE2L1 gene on chromosome 27 and the Ku70 gene on chromosome 1. Through experiments using newly cloned chicken Ku70 cDNA and specific antibodies, we demonstrated that Ku70 localizes within the cell nucleus as a heterodimer with Ku80 and promptly accumulates at DNA damage sites following injury. This suggests that the functions and spatiotemporal regulatory mechanisms of Ku70 in chickens closely resemble those in mammals. The insights and resources acquired will contribute to elucidate the various mechanisms by which Ku functions. Meanwhile, caution is advised when interpreting the previous numerous key studies that relied on GdKu70 cDNA and its expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Koike
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
- Life Science Course, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Hideji Yamashita
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yutoku
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Aki Koike
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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13
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Szatmári T, Balázs K, Csordás IB, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Effect of radiotherapy on the DNA cargo and cellular uptake mechanisms of extracellular vesicles. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1191-1213. [PMID: 37347291 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, plenty of evidence has gathered pointing to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by irradiated cells in the development of radiation-induced non-targeted effects. EVs are complex natural structures composed of a phospholipid bilayer which are secreted by virtually all cells and carry bioactive molecules. They can travel certain distances in the body before being taken up by recipient cells. In this review we discuss the role and fate of EVs in tumor cells and highlight the importance of DNA specimens in EVs cargo in the context of radiotherapy. The effect of EVs depends on their cargo, which reflects physiological and pathological conditions of donor cell types, but also depends on the mode of EV uptake and mechanisms involved in the route of EV internalization. While the secretion and cargo of EVs from irradiated cells has been extensively studied in recent years, their uptake is much less understood. In this review, we will focus on recent knowledge regarding the EV uptake of cancer cells and the effect of radiation in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Balázs
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Barbara Csordás
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Staneva D, Dimitrova N, Popov B, Alexandrova A, Georgieva M, Miloshev G. Haberlea rhodopensis Extract Tunes the Cellular Response to Stress by Modulating DNA Damage, Redox Components, and Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15964. [PMID: 37958947 PMCID: PMC10647427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress can cause damage to cellular biomolecules, including DNA, proteins, and lipids. These harmful effects can compromise essential cellular functions and significantly raise the risk of metabolic dysfunction, accumulation of harmful mutations, genome instability, cancer, accelerated cellular senescence, and even death. Here, we present an investigation of HeLa cancer cells' early response to gamma IR (γ-IR) and oxidative stress after preincubation of the cells with natural extracts of the resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis. In light of the superior protection offered by plant extracts against radiation and oxidative stress, we investigated the cellular defence mechanisms involved in such protection. Specifically, we sought to evaluate the molecular effects of H. rhodopensis extract (HRE) on cells subjected to genotoxic stress by examining the components of the redox pathway and quantifying the transcription levels of several critical genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. The influence of HRE on genome integrity and the cell cycle was also studied via comet assay and flow cytometry. Our findings demonstrate that HREs can effectively modulate the cellular response to genotoxic and oxidative stress within the first two hours following exposure, thereby reducing the severity of such stress. Furthermore, we observed the specificity of genoprotective HRE doses depending on the source of the applied genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessislava Staneva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Neli Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Borislav Popov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Albena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Free Radical Processes, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Milena Georgieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - George Miloshev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (M.G.)
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15
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Vogt A, He Y, Lees-Miller SP. How to fix DNA breaks: new insights into the mechanism of non-homologous end joining. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1789-1800. [PMID: 37787023 PMCID: PMC10657183 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the major pathway for the repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells and is essential for the generation of mature T and B cells in the adaptive immune system via the process of V(D)J recombination. Here, we review how recently determined structures shed light on how NHEJ complexes function at DNA DSBs, emphasizing how multiple structures containing the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) may function in NHEJ. Together, these studies provide an explanation for how NHEJ proteins assemble to detect and protect DSB ends, then proceed, through DNA-PKcs-dependent autophosphorylation, to a ligation-competent complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Vogt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Northwestern University, Chicago, U.S.A
| | - Susan P. Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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16
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Boopathi E, Den RB, Thangavel C. Innate Immune System in the Context of Radiation Therapy for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3972. [PMID: 37568788 PMCID: PMC10417569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) remains an integral component of modern oncology care, with most cancer patients receiving radiation as a part of their treatment plan. The main goal of ionizing RT is to control the local tumor burden by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis within the tumor cells. The advancement in RT, including intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), stereotactic body RT (SBRT), image-guided RT, and proton therapy, have increased the efficacy of RT, equipping clinicians with techniques to ensure precise and safe administration of radiation doses to tumor cells. In this review, we present the technological advancement in various types of RT methods and highlight their clinical utility and associated limitations. This review provides insights into how RT modulates innate immune signaling and the key players involved in modulating innate immune responses, which have not been well documented earlier. Apoptosis of cancer cells following RT triggers immune systems that contribute to the eradication of tumors through innate and adoptive immunity. The innate immune system consists of various cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, which serve as key mediators of innate immunity in response to RT. This review will concentrate on the significance of the innate myeloid and lymphoid lineages in anti-tumorigenic processes triggered by RT. Furthermore, we will explore essential strategies to enhance RT efficacy. This review can serve as a platform for researchers to comprehend the clinical application and limitations of various RT methods and provides insights into how RT modulates innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettickan Boopathi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert B. Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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17
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Yin S, Liu L, Gan W. PRMT1 and PRMT5: on the road of homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. GENOME INSTABILITY & DISEASE 2023; 4:197-209. [PMID: 37663901 PMCID: PMC10470524 DOI: 10.1007/s42764-022-00095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are widely accepted to be the most deleterious form of DNA lesions that pose a severe threat to genome integrity. Two predominant pathways are responsible for repair of DSBs, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). HR relies on a template to faithfully repair breaks, while NHEJ is a template-independent and error-prone repair mechanism. Multiple layers of regulation have been documented to dictate the balance between HR and NHEJ, such as cell cycle and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Arginine methylation is one of the most common PTMs, which is catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). PRMT1 and PRMT5 are the predominate PRMTs that promote asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine, respectively. They have emerged to be crucial regulators of DNA damage repair. In this review, we summarize current understanding and unaddressed questions of PRMT1 and PRMT5 in regulation of HR and NHEJ, providing insights into their roles in DSB repair pathway choice and the potential of targeting them for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Wenjian Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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18
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Kim DM, Lee SY, Lim JC, Cho EH, Park UJ. RUNX3 regulates the susceptibility against EGFR-targeted non-small cell lung cancer therapy using 47Sc-conjugated cetuximab. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:652. [PMID: 37438719 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioimmunotherapy with cetuximab and conjugates with various radioisotopes is a feasible treatment option for different tumor models. Scandium-47 (47Sc), one of several β--particle-emitting radioisotopes, displays favorable physical and chemical properties for conjugation to monoclonal antibodies. However, the therapeutic efficacy of 47Sc in preclinical and clinical studies is largely unknown. Given that intrinsic alterations in tumors greatly contribute to resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy, research on overcoming resistance to radioimmunotherapy using cetuximab is required. METHODS 47Sc was produced by irradiation of a CaCO3 target at the HANARO research reactor in KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) and prepared by chromatographic separation of the irradiated target. Cetuximab was conjugated with 47Sc using the bifunctional chelating agent DTPA. Radiochemical purity was determined using instant thin-layer chromatography. The immunoreactivity of 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab was evaluated using the Lindmo method and an in vitro cell-binding assay. The inhibitory effects of cetuximab and 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab were confirmed using cell growth inhibition and BrdU cell proliferation assays. Differences in protein expression levels between cetuximab- and 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab-treated cells were confirmed using western blotting. Complex formation between RUNX3 and DNA repair components was confirmed using immunoprecipitation and western blotting. RESULTS Cetuximab induces cell cycle arrest and cell death in EGFR-overexpressing NSCLC cells. Radiolabeling of cetuximab with 47Sc led to increased therapeutic efficacy relative to cetuximab alone. Application of 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab induced DNA damage responses, and activation of RUNX3 significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab. RUNX3 mediated susceptibility to EGFR-targeted NSCLC therapy using 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab via interaction with components of the DNA damage and repair machinery. CONCLUSIONS 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab promoted cell death in EGFR-overexpressing NSCLC cells by targeting EGFR and inducing DNA damage as a result of β irradiation emitted from the conjugated 47Sc. Activation of RUNX3 played a key role in DNA damage and repair processes in response to the ionizing radiation and inhibited cell growth, thus leading to more effective tumor suppression. RUNX3 can potentially moderate susceptibility to 47Sc-conjugated cetuximab by modulating DNA damage and repair process mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Mi Kim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Young Lee
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheong Lim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Cho
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Ul-Jae Park
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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19
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Okunola HL, Shuryak I, Repin M, Wu HC, Santella RM, Terry MB, Turner HC, Brenner DJ. Improved prediction of breast cancer risk based on phenotypic DNA damage repair capacity in peripheral blood B cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3093360. [PMID: 37461559 PMCID: PMC10350237 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3093360/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Standard Breast Cancer (BC) risk prediction models based only on epidemiologic factors generally have quite poor performance, and there have been a number of risk scores proposed to improve them, such as AI-based mammographic information, polygenic risk scores and pathogenic variants. Even with these additions BC risk prediction performance is still at best moderate. In that decreased DNA repair capacity (DRC) is a major risk factor for development of cancer, we investigated the potential to improve BC risk prediction models by including a measured phenotypic DRC assay. Methods Using blood samples from the Breast Cancer Family Registry we assessed the performance of phenotypic markers of DRC in 46 matched pairs of individuals, one from each pair with BC (with blood drawn before BC diagnosis) and the other from controls matched by age and time since blood draw. We assessed DRC in thawed cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by measuring γ-H2AX yields (a marker for DNA double-strand breaks) at multiple times from 1 to 20 hrs after a radiation challenge. The studies were performed using surface markers to discriminate between different PBMC subtypes. Results The parameter F res , the residual damage signal in PBMC B cells at 20 hrs post challenge, was the strongest predictor of breast cancer with an AUC (Area Under receiver-operator Curve) of 0.89 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.84-0.93] and a BC status prediction accuracy of 0.80. To illustrate the combined use of a phenotypic predictor with standard BC predictors, we combined F res in B cells with age at blood draw, and found that the combination resulted in significantly greater BC predictive power (AUC of 0.97 [95% CI: 0.94-0.99]), an increase of 13 percentage points over age alone. Conclusions If replicated in larger studies, these results suggest that inclusion of a fingerstick-based phenotypic DRC blood test has the potential to markedly improve BC risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui-Chen Wu
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
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20
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Shadfar S, Parakh S, Jamali MS, Atkin JD. Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:18. [PMID: 37055865 PMCID: PMC10103468 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis refers to the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and their elimination by antioxidants. It is linked to all important cellular activities and oxidative stress is a result of imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant species. Oxidative stress perturbs many cellular activities, including processes that maintain the integrity of DNA. Nucleic acids are highly reactive and therefore particularly susceptible to damage. The DNA damage response detects and repairs these DNA lesions. Efficient DNA repair processes are therefore essential for maintaining cellular viability, but they decline considerably during aging. DNA damage and deficiencies in DNA repair are increasingly described in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been associated with these conditions. Moreover, both redox dysregulation and DNA damage increase significantly during aging, which is the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the links between redox dysfunction and DNA damage, and their joint contributions to pathophysiology in these conditions, are only just emerging. This review will discuss these associations and address the increasing evidence for redox dysregulation as an important and major source of DNA damage in neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding these connections may facilitate a better understanding of disease mechanisms, and ultimately lead to the design of better therapeutic strategies based on preventing both redox dysregulation and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Sonam Parakh
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Md Shafi Jamali
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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21
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Peng J, Yin X, Yun W, Meng X, Huang Z. Radiotherapy-induced tumor physical microenvironment remodeling to overcome immunotherapy resistance. Cancer Lett 2023; 559:216108. [PMID: 36863506 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The clinical benefits of immunotherapy are proven in many cancers, but a significant number of patients do not respond well to immunotherapy. The tumor physical microenvironment (TpME) has recently been shown to affect the growth, metastasis and treatment of solid tumors. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has unique physical hallmarks: 1) unique tissue microarchitecture, 2) increased stiffness, 3) elevated solid stress, and 4) elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), which contribute to tumor progression and immunotherapy resistance in a variety of ways. Radiotherapy, a traditional and powerful treatment, can remodel the matrix and blood flow associated with the tumor to improve the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to a certain extent. Herein, we first review the recent research advances on the physical properties of the TME and then explain how TpME is involved in immunotherapy resistance. Finally, we discuss how radiotherapy can remodel TpME to overcome immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhua Yun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhaoqin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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22
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Pradhoshini KP, Priyadharshini M, Santhanabharathi B, Ahmed MS, Parveen MHS, War MUD, Musthafa MS, Alam L, Falco F, Faggio C. Biological effects of ionizing radiation on aquatic biota - A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104091. [PMID: 36870406 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation from radionuclides impacts marine aquatic biota and the scope of investigation must be wider than just invertebrates. We intend to detail and illustrate numerous biological effects that occur in both aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, at various dose rates from all three kinds of ionizing radiation. The characteristics of radiation sources and dosages that would most effectively generate the intended effects in the irradiated organism were assessed once the biological differentiation between vertebrates and invertebrates was determined through multiple lines of evidence. We contend that invertebrates are still more radiosensitive than vertebrates, due to their small genome size, rapid reproduction rates and lifestyle, which help them to compensate for the effects of radiation induced declines in fecundity, life span and individual health. We also identified various research gaps in this field and suggest future directions to be investigated to remedy the lack of data available in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marckasagayam Priyadharshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bharathi Santhanabharathi
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Munawar Suhail Ahmed
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamat Hanifa Shafeeka Parveen
- Unit of Aquatic biology and Aquaculture (UABA), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mehraj Ud Din War
- Unit of Aquatic biology and Aquaculture (UABA), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lubna Alam
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Franscesca Falco
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), Mazara del Vallo, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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23
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Kaizer J, Kontuľ I, Povinec PP. Impact of the Fukushima Accident on 3H and 14C Environmental Levels: A Review of Ten Years of Investigation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062548. [PMID: 36985519 PMCID: PMC10051589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the impact of the Fukushima accident is still going on although more than ten years have passed since the disaster. The main goal of this paper was to summarize the results of tritium and radiocarbon determinations in different environmental samples, possibly connected with the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. A document containing compiled data may serve as a solid basis for further research in the selected fields. To accomplish such effort, we went through dozens of relevant published papers, reporting 3H and 14C activity concentrations in precipitations, groundwater, seawater, river systems, tree rings, and, in some more extraordinary samples, such as herbaceous plants or debris from the damaged reactor buildings. As the referenced results would not be obtainable without adequate analytical techniques, the most common methods for routine measurement of tritium and radiocarbon concentrations are discussed as well. We believe that the correct identification of the affected environmental compartments could help quantify the released 3H and 14C activities and track their following fate, which could be especially important for plans to discharge contaminated water from the FDNPP in the upcoming years.
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24
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Dillon MN, Thomas R, Mousseau TA, Betz JA, Kleiman NJ, Reiskind MOB, Breen M. Population dynamics and genome-wide selection scan for dogs in Chernobyl. Canine Med Genet 2023; 10:1. [PMID: 36890600 PMCID: PMC9993684 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural and anthropogenic disasters can have long-lasting impacts on the genetics and structure of impacted populations. The 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster led to extensive contamination of the local environment and the wildlife therein. Several ecological, environmental, and genetic studies reported various effects of this disaster on animal, insect, and plant species; however, little work has been done to investigate the genetics of the free-breeding dogs that occupy the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). RESULTS We define the population genetic structure of two groups of dogs that reside within the CEZ, one around the reactor site itself and another living within Chernobyl City. We found little evidence of gene flow and a significant degree of genetic differentiation between the two populations dogs, suggesting that these are two distinct populations despite occupying areas located just 16 km apart. With an FST-based outlier analysis, we then performed a genome-wide scan for evidence of directional selection within the dog populations. We found 391 outlier loci associated with genomic regions influenced by directional selection, from which we identified 52 candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS Our genome scan highlighted outlier loci within or near genomic regions under directional selection, possibly in response to the multi-generational exposure faced. In defining the population structure and identifying candidate genes for these dog populations, we take steps towards understanding how these types of prolonged exposures have impacted these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Dillon
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Timothy A Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jennifer A Betz
- Visiting Veterinarians International, 9825 SE Tower Dr, Damascus, OR, USA
| | - Norman J Kleiman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Cancer Genetics, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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25
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Mokari M, Moeini H, Farazmand S. Computational modeling and a Geant4-DNA study of the rejoining of direct and indirect DNA damage induced by low energy electrons and carbon ions. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1391-1404. [PMID: 36745857 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2173824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) created by ionizing radiations are considered as the most detrimental lesion, which could result in the cell death or sterilization. As the empirical evidence gathered from the cellular and molecular radiation biology has demonstrated significant correlations between the initial and lasting levels of DSBs, gaining knowledge into the DSB repair mechanisms proves vital. Much effort has been invested into understanding the mechanisms triggering the repair and processes engaged after irradiation of cells. Given a mechanistic model, we performed - to our knowledge - the first Monte Carlo study of the expected repair kinetics of carbon ions and electrons using on the one hand Geant4-DNA simulations of electrons for benchmarking purposes and on the other hand quantifying the influence of direct and indirect damage. Our objective was to calculate the DSB repair rates using a repair mechanism for G1 and early S phases of the cell cycle in conjunction with simulations of the DNA damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on Geant4-DNA simulations of DSB damage caused by electrons and carbon ions - using a B-DNA model and a water sphere of 3 μm radius resembling the mean size of human cells - we derived the kinetics of various biochemical repair processes. RESULTS The overall repair times of carbon ions increased with the DSB complexity. Comparison of the DSB complexity (DSBc) and repair times as a function of carbon-ion energy suggested that the repair time of no specific fraction of DSBs could solely be explained as a function of DSB complexity. CONCLUSION Analysis of the carbon-ion repair kinetics indicated that, given a fraction of DSBs, decreasing the energy would result in an increase of the repair time. The disagreements of the calculated and experimental repair kinetics for electrons could, among others, be due to larger damage complexity predicted by simulations or created actually by electrons of comparable energies to x-rays. They are also due to the employed repair mechanisms, which introduce no inherent dependence on the radiation type but make direct use of the simulated DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mokari
- Department of Physics, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Moeini
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Farazmand
- Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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26
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Li Y, Matsumoto Y, Chen L, Sugawara Y, Oe E, Fujisawa N, Ebara M, Sakurai H. Smart Nanofiber Mesh with Locally Sustained Drug Release Enabled Synergistic Combination Therapy for Glioblastoma. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:414. [PMID: 36770373 PMCID: PMC9919272 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to propose a new treatment model for glioblastoma (GBM). The combination of chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy and radiotherapy has been achieved in a highly simultaneous manner through the application of a safe, non-toxic, locally sustained drug-releasing composite Nanofiber mesh (NFM). The NFM consisted of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) with temozolomide (TMZ) and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), which was used in radiation treatment. TMZ and 17AAG combination showed a synergistic cytotoxicity effect in the T98G cell model. TMZ and 17AAG induced a radiation-sensitization effect, respectively. The NFM containing 17AAG or TMZ, known as 17AAG-NFM and TMZ-NFM, enabled cumulative drug release of 34.1% and 39.7% within 35 days. Moreover, 17AAG+TMZ-NFM containing both drugs revealed a synergistic effect in relation to the NFM of a single agent. When combined with radiation, 17AAG+TMZ-NFM induced in an extremely powerful cytotoxic effect. These results confirmed the application of NFM can simultaneously allow multiple treatments to T98G cells. Each modality achieved a significant synergistic effect with the other, leading to a cascading amplification of the therapeutic effect. Due to the superior advantage of sustained drug release over a long period of time, NFM has the promise of clinically addressing the challenge of high recurrence of GBM post-operatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsumoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
| | - Lili Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yu Sugawara
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
| | - Emiho Oe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Nanami Fujisawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakurai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
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27
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Li Z, Wang B, Luo W, Xu Y, Wang J, Xue Z, Niu Y, Cheng Z, Ge S, Zhang W, Zhang J, Li Q, Chong K. Natural variation of codon repeats in COLD11 endows rice with chilling resilience. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq5506. [PMID: 36608134 PMCID: PMC9821855 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal temperature caused by global climate change threatens the rice production. Defense signaling network for chilling has been uncovered in plants. However, less is known about repairing DNA damage produced from overwhelmed defense and its evolution during domestication. Here, we genetically identified a major QTL, COLD11, using the data-merging genome-wide association study based on an algorithm combining polarized data from two subspecies, indica and japonica, into one system. Rice loss-of-function mutations of COLD11 caused reduced chilling tolerance. Genome evolution analysis of representative rice germplasms suggested that numbers of GCG sequence repeats in the first exon of COLD11 were subjected to strong domestication selection during the northern expansion of rice planting. The repeat numbers affected the biochemical activity of DNA repair protein COLD11/RAD51A1 in renovating DNA damage under chilling stress. Our findings highlight a potential way to finely manipulate key genes in rice genome and effectively improve chilling tolerance through molecular designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinjuan Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100181, China
| | - Zhihui Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuda Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Song Ge
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- LSC, NCMIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qizhai Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- LSC, NCMIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Acetylation of the nuclear localization signal in Ku70 diminishes the interaction with importin-α. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 33:101418. [PMID: 36620088 PMCID: PMC9811216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are functionally regulated by various types of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Ku, a heterodimer complex of Ku70 and Ku80 subunits, participates in DNA repair processes. Ku is distributed not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm, suggesting that the function of Ku is regulated by its subcellular localization. Although Ku70 undergoes PTMs including phosphorylation or acetylation, it remains unknown whether the PTMs of Ku70 affect the subcellular localization of Ku. Using a cell-free pull-down assay technique, we show that Nε-acetylation of lysine residues in the synthetic peptide matched to Ku70's nuclear localization signal (NLS) reduces the peptide's interaction with the nuclear transport factor importin-α. The reduced interaction by acetylation was supported by molecular simulation analysis. In addition, when expressed in the endogenous Ku80-defective Chinese hamster ovary xrs-6 cells, some full-size human Ku70 mutants with substitutions of glutamine, a possible structural mimetic of Nε-acetyl-lysine, for lysine at the specific NLS positions exhibited no nuclear distribution. These findings imply that acetylation of particular lysine residues in the Ku70 NLS regulates nuclear localization of Ku.
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29
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Wu B, Yu Q, Deng Z, Duan Y, Luo F, Gmitter Jr F. A chromosome-level phased genome enabling allele-level studies in sweet orange: a case study on citrus Huanglongbing tolerance. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac247. [PMID: 36643761 PMCID: PMC9832951 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sweet orange originated from the introgressive hybridizations of pummelo and mandarin resulting in a highly heterozygous genome. How alleles from the two species cooperate in shaping sweet orange phenotypes under distinct circumstances is unknown. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level phased diploid Valencia sweet orange (DVS) genome with over 99.999% base accuracy and 99.2% gene annotation BUSCO completeness. DVS enables allele-level studies for sweet orange and other hybrids between pummelo and mandarin. We first configured an allele-aware transcriptomic profiling pipeline and applied it to 740 sweet orange transcriptomes. On average, 32.5% of genes have a significantly biased allelic expression in the transcriptomes. Different cultivars, transgenic lineages, tissues, development stages, and disease status all impacted allelic expressions and resulted in diversified allelic expression patterns in sweet orange, but particularly citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) shifted the allelic expression of hundreds of genes in leaves and calyx abscission zones. In addition, we detected allelic structural mutations in an HLB-tolerant mutant (T19) and a more sensitive mutant (T78) through long-read sequencing. The irradiation-induced structural mutations mostly involved double-strand breaks, while most spontaneous structural mutations were transposon insertions. In the mutants, most genes with significant allelic expression ratio alterations (≥1.5-fold) were directly affected by those structural mutations. In T19, alleles located at a translocated segment terminal were upregulated, including CsDnaJ, CsHSP17.4B, and CsCEBPZ. Their upregulation is inferred to keep phloem protein homeostasis under the stress from HLB and enable subsequent stress responses observed in T19. DVS will advance allelic level studies in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhanao Deng
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Yongping Duan
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Feng Luo
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Feng Luo. Tel: +01 864 633 6901. ; Frederick Gmitter Jr. Tel: +01 863 965 8878.
| | - Frederick Gmitter Jr
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Feng Luo. Tel: +01 864 633 6901. ; Frederick Gmitter Jr. Tel: +01 863 965 8878.
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Influence of postwashing process on the elution of residual monomers, degree of conversion, and mechanical properties of a 3D printed crown and bridge materials. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1812-1825. [PMID: 36192277 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effects of the postwashing method and time on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of three-dimensional (3D) printed crown and bridge resin. METHODS DLP (digital light processing)-printed specimens produced from Nextdent crown & bridge (C&B) resins were washed separately using an ultrasonic bath and rotary washer with TPM (tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether) for 3 min, 6 min, 10 min, 20 min, and 1 h. Postcuring was applied for 30 min to each specimen after the washing process. The flexural strength, Vickers hardness, water sorption and solubility, degree of conversion (DC), elution of residual monomers, and biocompatibility of the specimens were evaluated. RESULTS The ultrasonic bath showed greater washing efficacy by reducing the residual HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) from 2.0634 ppm to 0.1456 ppm and reducing the residual TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) from 1.4862 ppm to 0.1484 ppm. With prolonged washing, the flexural strength significantly decreased from 129.67 ± 6.66 MPa (mean±standard deviation) to 103.17 ± 7.20 MPa, while the Vickers hardness increased slightly for the first 6 min and then decreased thereafter significantly. The DC was 87.78 ± 1.34% after 3 min and then gradually decreased with extended washing time. The cytotoxicity significantly decreases with the increment of the washing time. SIGNIFICANCE The washing effect on the elution of residual monomers was better for an ultrasonic bath than for a rotary washer. Extending the washing time reduces the mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of the Nextdent C&B resin.
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Katerji M, Bertucci A, Filippov V, Vazquez M, Chen X, Duerksen-Hughes PJ. Proton-induced DNA damage promotes integration of foreign plasmid DNA into human genome. Front Oncol 2022; 12:928545. [PMID: 36119491 PMCID: PMC9478911 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.928545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause virtually all cervical cancer cases and are also associated with other types of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Normally, HPV exists as a circular episomal DNA in the infected cell. However, in some instances, it integrates into the human genome in such a way as to enable increased expression of viral oncogenes, thereby leading to carcinogenesis. Since viral integration requires breaks in both viral and human genomes, DNA damage likely plays a key role in this critical process. One potentially significant source of DNA damage is exposure to elevated doses of ionizing radiation. Natural background radiation is ubiquitous; however, some populations, including radiological workers, radiotherapy patients, and astronauts, are exposed to significantly higher radiation doses, as well as to different types of radiation such as particle radiation. We hypothesize that ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage facilitates the integration of HPV into the human genome, increasing the risk of developing HPV-related cancers in the exposed population. To test this, we first determined the kinetics of DNA damage in keratinocytes exposed to ionizing radiation (protons) by assessing γ-H2AX foci formation using immunofluorescence (direct damage), and also measured ROS and 8-oxoG levels via DCFDA and Avidin-FITC (indirect damage).As anticipated, direct DNA damage was observed promptly, within 30 min, whereas indirect DNA damage was delayed due to the time required for ROS to accumulate and cause oxidative damage. Although radiation was lethal at high doses, we were able to establish an experimental system where radiation exposure (protons and X-rays) induced DNA damage dose-dependently without causing major cytotoxic effects as assessed by several cytotoxicity assays. Most importantly, we explored the impact of radiation exposure on integration frequency using a clonogenic assay and demonstrated that as predicted, proton-induced DNA damage promotes the integration of HPV-like foreign DNA in oral keratinocytes. Overall, the insights gained from this work enable us to better understand the contribution of radiation exposure and DNA damage to HPV-mediated carcinogenesis and direct us toward strategies aimed at preventing malignancies in HPV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghri Katerji
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Antonella Bertucci
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Valery Filippov
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Marcelo Vazquez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Penelope J. Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Penelope J. Duerksen-Hughes,
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Sharaev N, Chacon-Machado L, Musharova O, Savitskaya E, Severinov K. Repair of Double-Stranded DNA Breaks Generated by CRISPR–Cas9 in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a metabolically versatile bacterium with considerable promise as a chassis strain for production and degradation of complex organic compounds. Unlike most bacteria, P. putida KT2440 encodes the Ku and LigD proteins involved in Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ). This pathway of repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA has an intrinsic mutagenic potential that could be exploited in combination with currently available genome editing tools that generate programmable DSBs. Here, we investigated the effect of removal or overproduction of NHEJ-associated P. putida KT2440 enzymes on mutations generated upon repair of Cas9-mediated DSBs with the double purpose of characterizing the NHEJ pathway and investigating how it functionally interacts with the current gold standard tool for gene editing. The results of our work shed light on non-templated mechanisms of DSB repair in P. putida KT2440, an information that will serve as foundation to expand the gene engineering toolbox for this important microorganism.
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Alvarez S, da Silva Almeida AC, Albero R, Biswas M, Barreto-Galvez A, Gunning TS, Shaikh A, Aparicio T, Wendorff A, Piovan E, Van Vlierberghe P, Gygi S, Gautier J, Madireddy A, A Ferrando A. Functional mapping of PHF6 complexes in chromatin remodeling, replication dynamics, and DNA repair. Blood 2022; 139:3418-3429. [PMID: 35338774 PMCID: PMC9185155 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Plant Homeodomain 6 gene (PHF6) encodes a nucleolar and chromatin-associated leukemia tumor suppressor with proposed roles in transcription regulation. However, specific molecular mechanisms controlled by PHF6 remain rudimentarily understood. Here we show that PHF6 engages multiple nucleosome remodeling protein complexes, including nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase, SWI/SNF and ISWI factors, the replication machinery and DNA repair proteins. Moreover, after DNA damage, PHF6 localizes to sites of DNA injury, and its loss impairs the resolution of DNA breaks, with consequent accumulation of single- and double-strand DNA lesions. Native chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses show that PHF6 specifically associates with difficult-to-replicate heterochromatin at satellite DNA regions enriched in histone H3 lysine 9 trimethyl marks, and single-molecule locus-specific analyses identify PHF6 as an important regulator of genomic stability at fragile sites. These results extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis and leukemia transformation by placing PHF6 at the crossroads of chromatin remodeling, replicative fork dynamics, and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alvarez
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Robert Albero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mayukh Biswas
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Thomas S Gunning
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Anam Shaikh
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Tomas Aparicio
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Erich Piovan
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Sezione di Oncologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jean Gautier
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and
| | | | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY; and
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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Müller B, Serafin F, Laucke LL, Rheinhard W, Wimmer T, Stieger K. Characterization of Double-Strand Break Repair Protein Ku80 Location Within the Murine Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:22. [PMID: 35737378 PMCID: PMC9233284 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize the spatial distribution of the DNA-double strand break-repair protein Ku80 in the murine retina. Even though robust data exist on the complexity of DNA repair mechanisms in dividing cells in vitro, almost nothing is known about it in post-mitotic neurons or photoreceptors (PRs). This knowledge is an important prerequisite for in vivo therapeutic approaches by genome editing in retina and PRs. Recently, it was shown that mouse rod PRs are incapable of repairing double-strand breaks induced by radiation. Material and Methods Retinae from wild-type, rd10, and RPGR-KI mouse lines were obtained and stained with antibodies against Ku80, and cellular markers CtBP2, beta-Dystropglycan, Lamin B, and peanut agglutinin. Organotypic explant cultures were generated and maintained for up to 10 days. Laser microdissection was performed to obtain photoreceptor nuclei, and Ku80 expression was compared to whole retina by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results Strong Ku80 immunoreactivity was observed in rod but not cone photoreceptor terminals localized in the outer plexiform layer of the retina in all three mouse lines. During retinal explant culture, we observed that Ku80-positive globules translocate into the heterochromatin region of nuclei in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). By quantitative PCR, we showed upregulation of relative Ku80 expression in the ONL during wild-type retinal explant culture. Discussion The unexpected localization of Ku80 to murine rod terminals indicates another tissue-specific modification to the canonical DNA repair mechanisms and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Müller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Serafin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Leonie Luise Laucke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Rheinhard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Wimmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Knut Stieger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Maleki Dana P, Sadoughi F, Mirzaei H, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. DNA damage response and repair in the development and treatment of brain tumors. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 924:174957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sudhanva MS, Hariharasudhan G, Jun S, Seo G, Kamalakannan R, Kim HH, Lee JH. MicroRNA-145 Impairs Classical Non-Homologous End-Joining in Response to Ionizing Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks via Targeting DNA-PKcs. Cells 2022; 11:1509. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/cells11091509 academic] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most lethal types of DNA damage due to the fact that unrepaired or mis-repaired DSBs lead to genomic instability or chromosomal aberrations, thereby causing cell death or tumorigenesis. The classical non-homologous end-joining pathway (c-NHEJ) is the major repair mechanism for rejoining DSBs, and the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is a critical factor in this pathway; however, regulation of DNA-PKcs expression remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that miR-145 directly suppresses DNA-PKcs by binding to the 3′-UTR and inhibiting translation, thereby causing an accumulation of DNA damage, impairing c-NHEJ, and rendering cells hypersensitive to ionizing radiation (IR). Of note, miR-145-mediated suppression of DNA damage repair and enhanced IR sensitivity were both reversed by either inhibiting miR-145 or overexpressing DNA-PKcs. In addition, we show that the levels of Akt1 phosphorylation in cancer cells are correlated with miR-145 suppression and DNA-PKcs upregulation. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-145 in Akt1-suppressed cells inhibited c-NHEJ by downregulating DNA-PKcs. These results reveal a novel miRNA-mediated regulation of DNA repair and identify miR-145 as an important regulator of c-NHEJ.
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37
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MicroRNA-145 Impairs Classical Non-Homologous End-Joining in Response to Ionizing Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks via Targeting DNA-PKcs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091509. [PMID: 35563814 PMCID: PMC9102532 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most lethal types of DNA damage due to the fact that unrepaired or mis-repaired DSBs lead to genomic instability or chromosomal aberrations, thereby causing cell death or tumorigenesis. The classical non-homologous end-joining pathway (c-NHEJ) is the major repair mechanism for rejoining DSBs, and the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is a critical factor in this pathway; however, regulation of DNA-PKcs expression remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that miR-145 directly suppresses DNA-PKcs by binding to the 3′-UTR and inhibiting translation, thereby causing an accumulation of DNA damage, impairing c-NHEJ, and rendering cells hypersensitive to ionizing radiation (IR). Of note, miR-145-mediated suppression of DNA damage repair and enhanced IR sensitivity were both reversed by either inhibiting miR-145 or overexpressing DNA-PKcs. In addition, we show that the levels of Akt1 phosphorylation in cancer cells are correlated with miR-145 suppression and DNA-PKcs upregulation. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-145 in Akt1-suppressed cells inhibited c-NHEJ by downregulating DNA-PKcs. These results reveal a novel miRNA-mediated regulation of DNA repair and identify miR-145 as an important regulator of c-NHEJ.
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38
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Exploring hypoxic biology to improve radiotherapy outcomes. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e21. [DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Provasek VE, Mitra J, Malojirao VH, Hegde ML. DNA Double-Strand Breaks as Pathogenic Lesions in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094653. [PMID: 35563044 PMCID: PMC9099445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The damage and repair of DNA is a continuous process required to maintain genomic integrity. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal type of DNA damage and require timely repair by dedicated machinery. DSB repair is uniquely important to nondividing, post-mitotic cells of the central nervous system (CNS). These long-lived cells must rely on the intact genome for a lifetime while maintaining high metabolic activity. When these mechanisms fail, the loss of certain neuronal populations upset delicate neural networks required for higher cognition and disrupt vital motor functions. Mammalian cells engage with several different strategies to recognize and repair chromosomal DSBs based on the cellular context and cell cycle phase, including homologous recombination (HR)/homology-directed repair (HDR), microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ), and the classic non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). In addition to these repair pathways, a growing body of evidence has emphasized the importance of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, and the involvement of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family proteins in the repair of neuronal DSBs, many of which are linked to age-associated neurological disorders. In this review, we describe contemporary research characterizing the mechanistic roles of these non-canonical proteins in neuronal DSB repair, as well as their contributions to the etiopathogenesis of selected common neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent E. Provasek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.E.P.); (V.H.M.)
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.E.P.); (V.H.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Vikas H. Malojirao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.E.P.); (V.H.M.)
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.E.P.); (V.H.M.)
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 11021, USA
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (M.L.H.)
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Luo J, Chen J, Zhou J, Han K, Li S, Duan J, Cao C, Lin J, Xie D, Wang F. TBX20 inhibits colorectal cancer tumorigenesis by impairing NHEJ‐mediated DNA repair. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2008-2021. [PMID: 35348274 PMCID: PMC9207377 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA high methylation is one of driving force for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) pathogenesis. Transcription factors (TFs) can determine cell fate and play fundamental roles in multistep process of tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of DNA methylation of TFs should be vital for the progression of CRC. Here, we demonstrated that TBX20, a T‐box TF family protein, was downregulated with hypermethylation of promoter in early‐stage CRC tissues and correlated with a poor prognosis for CRC patients. Moreover, we identified PDZRN3 as the E3 ubiquitin ligase of TBX20 protein, which mediated the ubiquitination and degradation of TBX20. Furthermore, we revealed that TBX20 suppressed cell proliferation and tumor growth through impairing non‐homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ)‐mediated double‐stranded break repair by binding the middle domain of both Ku70 and Ku80 and therefore inhibiting their recruitment on chromatin in CRC cells. Altogether, our results reveal the tumor‐suppressive role of TBX20 by inhibiting NHEJ‐mediated DNA repair in CRC cells, and provide a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with early‐stage CRC and a therapeutic target for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jie‐Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Kai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Si Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jin‐Ling Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Chen‐Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jin‐Long Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Feng‐Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Gnedina OO, Morshneva AV, Skvortsova EV, Igotti MV. HDAC Inhibitor Sodium Butyrate Attenuates the DNA Repair in Transformed but Not in Normal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073517. [PMID: 35408878 PMCID: PMC8998589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer therapy strategies cause DNA damage leading to the death of tumor cells. The DNA damage response (DDR) modulators are considered as promising candidates for use in combination therapy to enhance the efficacy of DNA-damage-mediated cancer treatment. The inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACis) exhibit selective antiproliferative effects against transformed and tumor cells and could enhance tumor cell sensitivity to genotoxic agents, which is partly attributed to their ability to interfere with DDR. Using the comet assay and host-cell reactivation of transcription, as well as γH2AX staining, we have shown that sodium butyrate inhibited DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair of both endo- and exogenous DNA in transformed but not in normal cells. According to our data, the dysregulation of the key repair proteins, especially the phosphorylated Mre11 pool decrease, is the cause of DNA repair impairment in transformed cells. The inability of HDACis to obstruct DSB repair in normal cells shown in this work demonstrates the advantages of HDACis in combination therapy with genotoxic agents to selectively enhance their cytotoxic activity in cancer cells.
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Rajabi F, Mozdarani H. Expression level of miR-155, miR-15a and miR-19a in peripheral blood of ductal carcinoma breast cancer patients: Possible bioindicators for cellular inherent radiosensitivity. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 126:104758. [PMID: 35337805 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Examination of cellular radiosensitivity (RS) helps prevent the adverse side-effects of Radiotherapy in exposed patients. We aim to study whether miRNA-155 (miR-155), miR-19a and miR-15a can predict inherent RS according to cellular RS in breast cancer (BC) patients. This study was done on the blood samples of 40 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) BC patients and 15 healthy women. G2 assay was performed to evaluate cellular RS. To study the expression level of these miRNAs in blood, qRT-PCR was used. The sensitivity and specificity of the studied miRNAs were assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The yield of spontaneous (SY) and radiation-induced (RIY) chromatid breaks (CBs) was significantly different between control and patient groups (p < 0.0001). A cut-off value was specified to make distinct the patients with cellular RS to those without. Expression of miR-15a was significantly downregulated (p < 0.0001) in BC patients. However, miR-19a showed upregulation in the blood of BC patients. It was also found the expression level of miR-155 and miR-19a were significantly associated with frequency of CBs (FCB) (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis manifested that the miR-15a and miR-19a differentiate BC patients and healthy women with 0.91 and 0.68 yielding an area under the ROC curve, respectively. miR-155 and miR-19a discriminate between BC patients with and without cellular RS with area under the ROC curve 0.98 and 0.68. Our findings uncovered miR-155 and miR-19a could be applied as a bioindicator to predict cellular radiosensitivity of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rajabi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen X, Li Y, Rubio K, Deng B, Li Y, Tang Q, Mao C, Liu S, Xiao D, Barreto G, Tao Y. Lymphoid-specific helicase in epigenetics, DNA repair and cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:165-173. [PMID: 34493821 PMCID: PMC8770686 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid-specific helicase (LSH) is a member of the SNF2 helicase family of chromatin-remodelling proteins. Dysfunctions or mutations in LSH causes an autosomal recessive disease known as immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomaly (ICF) syndrome. Interestingly, LSH participates in various aspects of epigenetic regulation, including nucleosome remodelling, DNA methylation, histone modifications and heterochromatin formation. Further, LSH plays a crucial role during DNA-damage repair, specifically during double-strand break (DSB) repair, since murine LSH was shown to be essential for non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Accordingly, overexpression of LSH drives tumorigenesis and malignancy. On the other hand, LSH homologs stabilise the genome. Thus, LSH might be implemented as a biomarker for various cancer types and potential target molecule to develop therapeutic strategies against them. In this review, we focus on the role of LSH in orchestrating chromatin rearrangements, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as in DNA-damage repair. Changes in chromatin structure may facilitate gene expression signatures that cause malignant transformation. We summarise recent findings of LSH in cancers and raise critical open questions for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yamei Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Karla Rubio
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Laboratoire IMoPA, UMR 7365, Nancy, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Gly-CRRET, Brain and Lung Epigenetics (BLUE), Creteil, France
- Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Bi Deng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuyi Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinwei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Mao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Laboratoire IMoPA, UMR 7365, Nancy, France.
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Gly-CRRET, Brain and Lung Epigenetics (BLUE), Creteil, France.
- Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health (Central South University); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer and Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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44
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Reindl J, Kundrat P, Girst S, Sammer M, Schwarz B, Dollinger G. Dosimetry of heavy ion exposure to human cells using nanoscopic imaging of double strand break repair protein clusters. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1305. [PMID: 35079078 PMCID: PMC8789836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is constantly exposed to ionizing radiation of different qualities. Especially the exposure to high-LET (linear energy transfer) particles increases due to new tumor therapy methods using e.g. carbon ions. Furthermore, upon radiation accidents, a mixture of radiation of different quality is adding up to human radiation exposure. Finally, long-term space missions such as the mission to mars pose great challenges to the dose assessment an astronaut was exposed to. Currently, DSB counting using γH2AX foci is used as an exact dosimetric measure for individuals. Due to the size of the γH2AX IRIF of ~ 0.6 µm, it is only possible to count DSB when they are separated by this distance. For high-LET particle exposure, the distance of the DSB is too small to be separated and the dose will be underestimated. In this study, we developed a method where it is possible to count DSB which are separated by a distance of ~ 140 nm. We counted the number of ionizing radiation-induced pDNA-PKcs (DNA-PKcs phosphorylated at T2609) foci (size = 140 nm ± 20 nm) in human HeLa cells using STED super-resolution microscopy that has an intrinsic resolution of 100 nm. Irradiation was performed at the ion microprobe SNAKE using high-LET 20 MeV lithium (LET = 116 keV/µm) and 27 MeV carbon ions (LET = 500 keV/µm). pDNA-PKcs foci label all DSB as proven by counterstaining with 53BP1 after low-LET γ-irradiation where separation of individual DSB is in most cases larger than the 53BP1 gross size of about 0.6 µm. Lithium ions produce (1.5 ± 0.1) IRIF/µm track length, for carbon ions (2.2 ± 0.2) IRIF/µm are counted. These values are enhanced by a factor of 2–3 compared to conventional foci counting of high-LET tracks. Comparison of the measurements to PARTRAC simulation data proof the consistency of results. We used these data to develop a measure for dosimetry of high-LET or mixed particle radiation exposure directly in the biological sample. We show that proper dosimetry for radiation up to a LET of 240 keV/µm is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Reindl
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität Der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany.
| | - P Kundrat
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität Der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Girst
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität Der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - M Sammer
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität Der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - B Schwarz
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität Der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - G Dollinger
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, Universität Der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
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45
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Koike M, Yutoku Y, Koike A. Feline XRCC4 undergoes rapid Ku-dependent recruitment to DNA damage sites. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:798-810. [PMID: 35000298 PMCID: PMC8972062 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation and chemotherapy resistance remain some of the greatest challenges in human and veterinary cancer therapies. XRCC4, an essential molecule for nonhomologous end joining repair, is a promising target for radiosensitizers. Genetic variants and mutations of XRCC4 contribute to cancer susceptibility, and XRCC4 is also the causative gene of microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) in humans. The development of clinically effective molecular‐targeted drugs requires accurate understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of XRCC4. In this study, we cloned and sequenced the cDNA of feline XRCC4. Comparative analysis indicated that sequences and post‐translational modification sites that are predicted to be involved in regulating the localization of human XRCC4, including the nuclear localization signal, are mostly conserved in feline XRCC4. All examined target amino acids responsible for human MPD are completely conserved in feline XRCC4. Furthermore, we found that the localization of feline XRCC4 dynamically changes during the cell cycle. Soon after irradiation, feline XRCC4 accumulated at laser‐induced DNA double‐strand break (DSB) sites in both the interphase and mitotic phase, and this accumulation was dependent on the presence of Ku. Additionally, XRCC4 superfamily proteins XLF and PAXX accumulated at the DSB sites. Collectively, these findings suggest that mechanisms regulating the spatiotemporal localization of XRCC4 are crucial for XRCC4 function in humans and cats. Our findings contribute to elucidating the functions of XRCC4 and the role of abnormal XRCC4 in diseases, including cancers and MPD, and may help in developing XRCC4‐targeted drugs, such as radiosensitizers, for humans and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Koike
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.,Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yutoku
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Aki Koike
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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46
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Rucinski A, Biernacka A, Schulte R. Applications of nanodosimetry in particle therapy planning and beyond. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34731854 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac35f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This topical review summarizes underlying concepts of nanodosimetry. It describes the development and current status of nanodosimetric detector technology. It also gives an overview of Monte Carlo track structure simulations that can provide nanodosimetric parameters for treatment planning of proton and ion therapy. Classical and modern radiobiological assays that can be used to demonstrate the relationship between the frequency and complexity of DNA lesion clusters and nanodosimetric parameters are reviewed. At the end of the review, existing approaches of treatment planning based on relative biological effectiveness (RBE) models or dose-averaged linear energy transfer are contrasted with an RBE-independent approach based on nandosimetric parameters. Beyond treatment planning, nanodosimetry is also expected to have applications and give new insights into radiation protection dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Biernacka
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
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47
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The large nonstructural protein (NS1) of the human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) directly interacts with Ku70, which plays an important role in virus replication in human airway epithelia. J Virol 2021; 96:e0184021. [PMID: 34878919 PMCID: PMC8865542 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01840-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), an autonomous human parvovirus, causes acute respiratory tract infections in young children. HBoV1 infects well-differentiated (polarized) human airway epithelium cultured at an air-liquid interface (HAE-ALI). HBoV1 expresses a large nonstructural protein, NS1, that is essential for viral DNA replication. HBoV1 infection of polarized human airway epithelial cells induces a DNA damage response (DDR) that is critical to viral DNA replication involving DNA repair with error-free Y-family DNA polymerases. HBoV1 NS1 or the isoform NS1-70 per se induces a DDR. In this study, using the second-generation proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID2) approach, we identified that Ku70 is associated with the NS1-BioID2 pulldown complex through a direct interaction with NS1. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay determined a high binding affinity of NS1 with Ku70, which has an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) value of 0.16 μM and processes the strongest interaction at the C-terminal domain. The association of Ku70 with NS1 was also revealed during HBoV1 infection of HAE-ALI. Knockdown of Ku70 and overexpression of the C-terminal domain of Ku70 significantly decreased HBoV1 replication in HAE-ALI. Thus, our study provides, for the first time, a direct interaction of parvovirus large nonstructural protein NS1 with Ku70. IMPORTANCE Parvovirus infection induces a DNA damage response (DDR) that plays a pivotal role in viral DNA replication. The DDR includes activation of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), ATR (ATM- and RAD3-related), and DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit). The large nonstructural protein (NS1) often plays a role in the induction of DDR; however, how the DDR is induced during parvovirus infection or simply by the NS1 is not well studied. Activation of DNA-PKcs has been shown as one of the key DDR pathways in DNA replication of HBoV1. We identified that HBoV1 NS1 directly interacts with Ku70, but not Ku80, of the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer at high affinity. This interaction is also important for HBoV1 replication in HAE-ALI. We propose that the interaction of NS1 with Ku70 recruits the Ku70/Ku80 complex to the viral DNA replication center, which activates DNA-PKcs and facilitates viral DNA replication.
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48
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Ikuta T, Koike A, Koike M. Detection of double-stranded DNA breaks and apoptosis induced by bleomycin in mouse intestine. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:611-618. [PMID: 34853246 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is exposed to a myriad of mutagens, making the DNA damage response (DDR) essential to maintain intestinal homeostasis. In vivo models to study DDRs are necessary to understand the mechanisms of disease development caused by genetic disorders such as colorectal cancer. A double-stranded break (DSB) in DNA is the most toxic type of DNA damage; it can be induced by either X-rays or chemicals, including anticancer agents. If DSBs in DNA cannot be repaired, cells can die by apoptosis to be removed from tissues. Here, we show that the DDRs observed as the phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX) and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis-induction are under critical control in the intestine of C57BL mice that were injected intraperitoneally with bleomycin, a natural glycopeptide used clinically as an antitumor agent. We found a significant increase in γH2AX expression 2-6 hr post-treatment in mouse ileum, cecum, and colon tissues by Western blotting and immunostaining. Apoptotic cells were observed after 6-24 hr by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunofluorescence of active caspase-3. We observed that γH2AX expression and apoptotic cells were distributed in the lower part of the crypt. The experimental protocol described here is a simple procedure that can be used generally as an in vivo intestinal toxicity assay. Our experimental approach provides a useful method for examining the effects of various bioactive compounds on the DDR, which is essential for understanding intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Togo Ikuta
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center
| | - Aki Koike
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Manabu Koike
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
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Wang M, Chen S, Wei Y, Wei X. DNA-PK inhibition by M3814 enhances chemosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3935-3949. [PMID: 35024317 PMCID: PMC8727896 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients experience accumulating chemotherapy-related adverse events, motivating the design of chemosensitizating strategies. The main cytotoxic damage induced by chemotherapeutic agents is DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). It is thus conceivable that DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitors which attenuate DNA repair would enhance the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapy. The present study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel DNA-PK inhibitor M3814 in synergy with chemotherapies on NSCLC. We identified increased expression of DNA-PK in human NSCLC tissues which was associated with poor prognosis. M3814 potentiated the anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel and etoposide in A549, H460 and H1703 NSCLC cell lines. In the four combinations based on two NSCLC xenograft models and two chemotherapy, we also observed tumor regression at tolerated doses in vivo. Moreover, we identified a P53-dependent accelerated senescence response by M3814 following treatment with paclitaxel/etoposide. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the use of M3814 in combination with paclitaxel and etoposide in clinical practice, with hope to aid the optimization of NSCLC treatment.
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Key Words
- Cell senescence
- Chemosensitization
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA repair
- DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase
- DNA-PKcs, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
- DNA-dependent protein kinase
- DSB, DNA double-strand breaks
- Etoposide
- HR, homologous recombination
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- LADC, lung adenocarcinoma
- LCLC, large-cell carcinoma
- LSCC, lung squamous cell carcinoma
- M3814
- NHEJ, non homologous end joining
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Non-small cell lung cancer
- Paclitaxel
- dsDNA, double strand DNA
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50
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Weitzel AJ, Grunwald HA, Weber C, Levina R, Gantz VM, Hedrick SM, Bier E, Cooper KL. Meiotic Cas9 expression mediates gene conversion in the male and female mouse germline. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001478. [PMID: 34941868 PMCID: PMC8699911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient gene conversion systems have the potential to facilitate the study of complex genetic traits using laboratory mice and, if implemented as a "gene drive," to limit loss of biodiversity and disease transmission caused by wild rodent populations. We previously showed that such a system of gene conversion from heterozygous to homozygous after a sequence targeted CRISPR/Cas9 double-strand DNA break (DSB) is feasible in the female mouse germline. In the male germline, however, all DSBs were instead repaired by end joining (EJ) mechanisms to form an "insertion/deletion" (indel) mutation. These observations suggested that timing Cas9 expression to coincide with meiosis I is critical to favor conditions when homologous chromosomes are aligned and interchromosomal homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms predominate. Here, using a Cas9 knock-in allele at the Spo11 locus, we show that meiotic expression of Cas9 does indeed mediate gene conversion in the male as well as in the female germline. However, the low frequency of both HDR and indel mutation in both male and female germlines suggests that Cas9 may be expressed from the Spo11 locus at levels too low for efficient DSB formation. We suggest that more robust Cas9 expression initiated during early meiosis I may improve the efficiency of gene conversion and further increase the rate of "super-mendelian" inheritance from both male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Weitzel
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hannah A. Grunwald
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ceri Weber
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rimma Levina
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Valentino M. Gantz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Hedrick
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ethan Bier
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kimberly L. Cooper
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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