1
|
Wang CY, Qiu ZJ, Zhang P, Tang XQ. Differentiated Embryo-Chondrocyte Expressed Gene1 and Parkinson's Disease: New Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2251-2265. [PMID: 37132111 PMCID: PMC10556388 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230502123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene1 (DEC1), an important transcription factor with a basic helix-loop-helix domain, is ubiquitously expressed in both human embryonic and adult tissues. DEC1 is involved in neural differentiation and neural maturation in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies suggest that DEC1 protects against Parkinson's disease (PD) by regulating apoptosis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, immune system, and glucose metabolism disorders. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the role of DEC1 in the pathogenesis of PD and provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of PD and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zheng-Jie Qiu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Liu C, Qi W, Meng Q, Zhao H, Teng Z, Xu R, Wu X, Zhu F, Qin Y, Zhao M, Xu F, Xia M. Endothelial Dec1-PPARγ Axis Impairs Proliferation and Apoptosis Homeostasis Under Hypoxia in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:757168. [PMID: 34765605 PMCID: PMC8576361 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.757168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The hypoxia-induced pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic characteristics of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) play critical roles in pulmonary vascular remodeling and contribute to hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying this hypoxic disease has not been fully elucidated. Methods: Bioinformatics was adopted to screen out the key hypoxia-related genes in PAH. Gain- and loss-function assays were then performed to test the identified hypoxic pathways in vitro. Human PAECs were cultured under hypoxic (3% O2) or normoxic (21% O2) conditions. Hypoxia-induced changes in apoptosis and proliferation were determined by flow cytometry and Ki-67 immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Survival of the hypoxic cells was estimated by cell counting kit-8 assay. Expression alterations of the target hypoxia-related genes, cell cycle regulators, and apoptosis factors were investigated by Western blot. Results: According to the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset (GSE84538), differentiated embryo chondrocyte expressed gene 1-peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-γ (Dec1-PPARγ) axis was defined as a key hypoxia-related signaling in PAH. A negative correlation was observed between Dec1 and PPARγ expression in patients with hypoxic PAH. In vitro observations revealed an increased proliferation and a decreased apoptosis in PAECs under hypoxia. Furthermore, hypoxic PAECs exhibited remarkable upregulation of Dec1 and downregulation of PPARγ. Dec1 was confirmed to be crucial for the imbalance of proliferation and apoptosis in hypoxic PAECs. Furthermore, the pro-surviving effect of hypoxic Dec1 was mediated through PPARγ inhibition. Conclusion: For the first time, Dec1-PPARγ axis was identified as a key determinant hypoxia-modifying signaling that is necessary for the imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis of PAECs. These novel endothelial signal transduction events may offer new diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with hypoxic PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenwen Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiu Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenxiao Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Runtong Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Miaoqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenglei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kiss Z, Mudryj M, Ghosh PM. Non-circadian aspects of BHLHE40 cellular function in cancer. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:1-19. [PMID: 32577154 PMCID: PMC7289903 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While many genes specifically act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, others are tumor promoters or suppressors in a context-dependent manner. Here we will review the basic-helix-loop-helix (BHLH) protein BHLHE40, (also known as BHLHB2, STRA13, DEC1, or SHARP2) which is overexpressed in gastric, breast, and brain tumors; and downregulated in colorectal, esophageal, pancreatic and lung cancer. As a transcription factor, BHLHE40 is expressed in the nucleus, where it binds to target gene promoters containing the E-box hexanucleotide sequence, but can also be expressed in the cytoplasm, where it stabilizes cyclin E, preventing cyclin E-mediated DNA replication and cell cycle progression. In different organs BHLHE40 regulates different targets; hence may have different impacts on tumorigenesis. BHLHE40 promotes PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation in breast cancer, activating tumor progression, but suppresses STAT1 expression in clear cell carcinoma, triggering tumor suppression. Target specificity likely depends on cooperation with other transcription factors. BHLHE40 is activated in lung and esophageal carcinoma by the tumor suppressor p53 inducing senescence and suppressing tumor growth, but is also activated under hypoxic conditions by HIF-1α in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinomas, stimulating tumor progression. Thus, BHLHE40 is a multi-functional protein that mediates the promotion or suppression of cancer in a context dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Kiss
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang HC, Kao CH, Chung SY, Chen WC, Aninda LP, Chen YH, Juan YA, Chen SL. Bhlhe40 differentially regulates the function and number of peroxisomes and mitochondria in myogenic cells. Redox Biol 2018; 20:321-333. [PMID: 30391825 PMCID: PMC6218633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α is a key regulator of oxidative metabolism facilitating the expression of genes critical for the function and biogenesis of the two key oxidative organelles, mitochondria and peroxisomes, in skeletal muscle (SKM) and other organs. Our recent studies have found that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 negatively regulates PGC-1α gene expression and its coactivational activity, therefore, this factor should have profound influence on the biogenesis and metabolic activity of mitochondria and peroxisomes. Here we found that both the number and activity of peroxisomes were increased upon knockdown of Bhlhe40 expression but were repressed by its over-expression. Mitochondrial efficiency was significantly reduced by Bhlhe40 knockdown, resulting in the burst of ROS. Over-expression of a constitutively active PGC-1α-interactive domain (named as VBH135) of Bhlhe40 mimicked the effects of its knockdown on peroxisomes but simultaneously reduced ROS level. Furthermore, the efficiency, but not the number, of mitochondria was also increased by VBH135, suggesting differential regulation of peroxisomes and mitochondria by Bhlhe40. Unsaturated fatty acid oxidation, insulin response, and oxidative respiration were highly enhanced in Bhlhe40 knockdown or VBH135 over-expressed cells, suggesting the importance of Bhlhe40 in the regulation of unsaturated fatty acid and glucose oxidative metabolism. Expression profiling of genes important for either organelle also supports differential regulation of peroxisomes and mitochondria by Bhlhe40. These observations have established the important role of Bhlhe40 in SKM oxidative metabolism as the critical regulator of peroxisome and mitochondrion biogenesis and functions, and thus should provide a novel route for developing drugs targeting SKM metabolic diseases. Knockout of Bhlhe40 increased ROS but over-expression of Bhlhe40 reduced ROS. Peroxisome number was increased by Bhlhe40 knockout or VBH135 overexpression. Mitochondrial efficiency was reduced by Bhlhe40 knockout but increased by VBH135. Oxidative respiration was enhanced by Bhlhe40 knockdown or VBH135 overexpression. Bhlhe40 repressed PGC-1α coactivation of nuclear gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Chia Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien Han Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih Ying Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lulus Putri Aninda
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi Huan Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi An Juan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen Liang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Y, Lai X, Hu L, Lei C, Lan X, Zhang C, Ma Y, Zheng L, Bai Y, Lin F, Chen H. Over‐expression of DEC1 inhibits myogenic differentiation by modulating MyoG activity in bovine satellite cell. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9365-9374. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xinsheng Lai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- The Laboratory of Synaptic Development and Plasticity, Institute of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- School of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Linyong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular BiologyJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal UniversityInstitute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro‐Bioresources in Dabie MountainsXinyangHenanChina
| | - Li Zheng
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and EconomyZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yue‐Yu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Fengpeng Lin
- Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Biyang CountyBiyangHenanChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang C, Wang M, Arrington J, Shan T, Yue F, Nie Y, Tao WA, Kuang S. Ascl2 inhibits myogenesis by antagonizing the transcriptional activity of myogenic regulatory factors. Development 2016; 144:235-247. [PMID: 27993983 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), including Myf5, MyoD (Myod1) and Myog, are muscle-specific transcription factors that orchestrate myogenesis. Although MRFs are essential for myogenic commitment and differentiation, timely repression of their activity is necessary for the self-renewal and maintenance of muscle stem cells (satellite cells). Here, we define Ascl2 as a novel inhibitor of MRFs. During mouse development, Ascl2 is transiently detected in a subpopulation of Pax7+ MyoD+ progenitors (myoblasts) that become Pax7+ MyoD- satellite cells prior to birth, but is not detectable in postnatal satellite cells. Ascl2 knockout in embryonic myoblasts decreases both the number of Pax7+ cells and the proportion of Pax7+ MyoD- cells. Conversely, overexpression of Ascl2 inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of cultured myoblasts and impairs the regeneration of injured muscles. Ascl2 competes with MRFs for binding to E-boxes in the promoters of muscle genes, without activating gene transcription. Ascl2 also forms heterodimers with classical E-proteins to sequester their transcriptional activity on MRF genes. Accordingly, MyoD or Myog expression rescues myogenic differentiation despite Ascl2 overexpression. Ascl2 expression is regulated by Notch signaling, a key governor of satellite cell self-renewal. These data demonstrate that Ascl2 inhibits myogenic differentiation by targeting MRFs and facilitates the generation of postnatal satellite cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Justine Arrington
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Tizhong Shan
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Weiguo Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA .,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ayuso M, Fernández A, Núñez Y, Benítez R, Isabel B, Fernández AI, Rey AI, González-Bulnes A, Medrano JF, Cánovas Á, López-Bote CJ, Óvilo C. Developmental Stage, Muscle and Genetic Type Modify Muscle Transcriptome in Pigs: Effects on Gene Expression and Regulatory Factors Involved in Growth and Metabolism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167858. [PMID: 27936208 PMCID: PMC5148031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iberian pig production includes purebred (IB) and Duroc-crossbred (IBxDU) pigs, which show important differences in growth, fattening and tissue composition. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of genetic type and muscle (Longissimus dorsi (LD) vs Biceps femoris (BF)) on gene expression and transcriptional regulation at two developmental stages. Nine IB and 10 IBxDU piglets were slaughtered at birth, and seven IB and 10 IBxDU at four months of age (growing period). Carcass traits and LD intramuscular fat (IMF) content were measured. Muscle transcriptome was analyzed on LD samples with RNA-Seq technology. Carcasses were smaller in IB than in IBxDU neonates (p < 0.001), while growing IB pigs showed greater IMF content (p < 0.05). Gene expression was affected (p < 0.01 and Fold change > 1.5) by the developmental stage (5,812 genes), muscle type (135 genes), and genetic type (261 genes at birth and 113 at growth). Newborns transcriptome reflected a highly proliferative developmental stage, while older pigs showed upregulation of catabolic and muscle functioning processes. Regarding the genetic type effect, IBxDU newborns showed enrichment of gene pathways involved in muscle growth, in agreement with the higher prenatal growth observed in these pigs. However, IB growing pigs showed enrichment of pathways involved in protein deposition and cellular growth, supporting the compensatory gain experienced by IB pigs during this period. Moreover, newborn and growing IB pigs showed more active glucose and lipid metabolism than IBxDU pigs. Moreover, LD muscle seems to have more active muscular and cell growth, while BF points towards lipid metabolism and fat deposition. Several regulators controlling transcriptome changes in both genotypes were identified across muscles and ages (SIM1, PVALB, MEFs, TCF7L2 or FOXO1), being strong candidate genes to drive expression and thus, phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs. Many of the identified regulators were known to be involved in muscle and adipose tissues development, but others not previously associated with pig muscle growth were also identified, as PVALB, KLF1 or IRF2. The present study discloses potential molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic differences observed between IB and IBxDU pigs and highlights candidate genes implicated in these molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ayuso
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Núñez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita Benítez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Isabel
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana I. Rey
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan F. Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ángela Cánovas
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Clemente J. López-Bote
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Óvilo
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gorski JP, Price JL. Bone muscle crosstalk targets muscle regeneration pathway regulated by core circadian transcriptional repressors DEC1 and DEC2. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:850. [PMID: 27867498 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of proprotein convertase Mbtps1 in bone osteocytes leads to a significant postnatal increase in skeletal muscle size and contractile function, while causing only a 25% increase in stiffness in long bones. Concerns about leakiness in skeletal muscle were discounted since Cre recombinase expression does not account for our findings, and, Mbtps1 protein and mRNA is not deleted. Interestingly, the response of normal skeletal muscle to exercise and the regenerative response of skeletal muscle to the deletion of Mbtps1 in bone share some key regulatory features including a preference for slow twitch muscle fibers. In addition, transcriptional regulators PPAR, PGC-1α, LXR, and repressors DEC1 and DEC2 all occupy central positions within these two pathways. We hypothesize that the age-dependent muscle phenotype in Dmp1-Cre Mbtps1 cKO mice is due to bone→muscle crosstalk. Many of the myogenic genes altered in this larger and functionally improved muscle are regulated by circadian core transcriptional repressors DEC1 and DEC2, and furthermore, display a temporal coordination with Dec1 and Dec2 expression consistent with a regulatory co-dependency. These considerations lead us to propose that Dmp1-Cre Mbtps1 cKO osteocytes activate myogenesis by increased release of an activator of muscle PPAR-gamma, for example, PGE2 or sphingosine-1-P, or, by diminished release of an inhibitor of LXR, for example, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. We hope that further investigation of these interacting pathways in the Dmp1-Cre Mbtps1 cKO model will lead to clinically translatable findings applicable to age-related sarcopenia and other muscle wasting syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Gorski
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry , Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Price
- School of Biological Sciences University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Asanoma K, Liu G, Yamane T, Miyanari Y, Takao T, Yagi H, Ohgami T, Ichinoe A, Sonoda K, Wake N, Kato K. Regulation of the Mechanism of TWIST1 Transcription by BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 in Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:4096-109. [PMID: 26391953 PMCID: PMC4648814 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00678-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 (BHLHE40/41) are basic helix-loop-helix type transcription factors that play key roles in multiple cell behaviors. BHLHE40/41 were recently shown to be involved in an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the precise mechanism of EMT control by BHLHE40/41 remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that BHLHE40/41 expression was controlled in a pathological stage-dependent manner in human endometrial cancer (HEC). Our in vitro assays showed that BHLHE40/41 suppressed tumor cell invasion. BHLHE40/41 also suppressed the transcription of the EMT effectors SNAI1, SNAI2, and TWIST1. We identified the critical promoter regions of TWIST1 for its basal transcriptional activity. We elucidated that the transcription factor SP1 was involved in the basal transcriptional activity of TWIST1 and that BHLHE40/41 competed with SP1 for DNA binding to regulate gene transcription. This study is the first to report the detailed functions of BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 in the suppression of EMT effectors in vitro. Our results suggest that BHLHE40/41 suppress tumor cell invasion by inhibiting EMT in tumor cells. We propose that BHLHE40/41 are promising markers to predict the aggressiveness of each HEC case and that molecular targeting strategies involving BHLHE40/41 and SP1 may effectively regulate HEC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Asanoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ge Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takako Yamane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Miyanari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ohgami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akimasa Ichinoe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenzo Sonoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Wake
- Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang C, Liu W, Liu Z, Chen L, Liu X, Kuang S. Hypoxia Inhibits Myogenic Differentiation through p53 Protein-dependent Induction of Bhlhe40 Protein. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29707-16. [PMID: 26468276 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.688671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells are muscle-resident stem cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation to repair injured muscles. However, muscle injury often leads to an ischemic hypoxia environment that impedes satellite cell differentiation and reduces the efficiency of muscle regeneration. Here we performed microarray analyses and identified the basic helix-loop-helix family transcription factor Bhlhe40 as a candidate mediator of the myogenic inhibitory effect of hypoxia. Bhlhe40 is strongly induced by hypoxia in satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts. Overexpression of Bhlhe40 inhibits Myog expression and mimics the effect of hypoxia on myogenesis. Inhibition of Bhlhe40, conversely, up-regulates Myog expression and promotes myogenic differentiation. Importantly, Bhlhe40 knockdown rescues myogenic differentiation under hypoxia. Mechanistically, Bhlhe40 binds to the proximal E-boxes of the Myog promoter and reduces the binding affinity and transcriptional activity of MyoD on Myog. Interestingly, hypoxia induces Bhlhe40 expression independent of HIF1α but through a novel p53-dependent signaling pathway. Our study establishes a crucial role of Bhlhe40 in mediating the repressive effect of hypoxia on myogenic differentiation and suggests that inhibition of Bhlhe40 or p53 may facilitate muscle regeneration after ischemic injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- From the Departments of Animal Science and
| | - Weiyi Liu
- From the Departments of Animal Science and
| | - Zuojun Liu
- From the Departments of Animal Science and
| | | | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Biochemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- From the Departments of Animal Science and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
LaGory EL, Wu C, Taniguchi CM, Ding CKC, Chi JT, von Eyben R, Scott DA, Richardson AD, Giaccia AJ. Suppression of PGC-1α Is Critical for Reprogramming Oxidative Metabolism in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2015; 12:116-127. [PMID: 26119730 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long believed to be a byproduct of malignant transformation, reprogramming of cellular metabolism is now recognized as a driving force in tumorigenesis. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), frequent activation of HIF signaling induces a metabolic switch that promotes tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that PGC-1α, a central regulator of energy metabolism, is suppressed in VHL-deficient ccRCC by a HIF/Dec1-dependent mechanism. In VHL wild-type cells, PGC-1α suppression leads to decreased expression of the mitochondrial transcription factor Tfam and impaired mitochondrial respiration. Conversely, PGC-1α expression in VHL-deficient cells restores mitochondrial function and induces oxidative stress. ccRCC cells expressing PGC-1α exhibit impaired tumor growth and enhanced sensitivity to cytotoxic therapies. In patients, low levels of PGC-1α expression are associated with poor outcome. These studies demonstrate that suppression of PGC-1α recapitulates key metabolic phenotypes of ccRCC and highlight the potential of targeting PGC-1α expression as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward L LaGory
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Colleen Wu
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cullen M Taniguchi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chien-Kuang Cornelia Ding
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rie von Eyben
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A Scott
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adam D Richardson
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bhlhe40 Represses PGC-1α Activity on Metabolic Gene Promoters in Myogenic Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2518-29. [PMID: 25963661 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00387-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator promoting oxidative metabolism in many tissues. Its expression in skeletal muscle (SKM) is induced by hypoxia and reactive oxidative species (ROS) generated during exercise, suggesting that PGC-1α might mediate the cross talk between oxidative metabolism and cellular responses to hypoxia and ROS. Here we found that PGC-1α directly interacted with Bhlhe40, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor induced by hypoxia, and protects SKM from ROS damage, and they cooccupied PGC-1α-targeted gene promoters/enhancers, which in turn repressed PGC-1α transactivational activity. Bhlhe40 repressed PGC-1α activity through recruiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and preventing the relief of PGC-1α intramolecular repression caused by its own intrinsic suppressor domain. Knockdown of Bhlhe40 mRNA increased levels of ROS, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial DNA, and expression of PGC-1α target genes. Similar effects were also observed when the Bhlhe40-mediated repression was rescued by a dominantly active form of the PGC-1α-interacting domain (PID) from Bhlhe40. We further found that Bhlhe40-mediated repression can be largely relieved by exercise, in which its recruitment to PGC-1α-targeted cis elements was significantly reduced. These observations suggest that Bhlhe40 is a novel regulator of PGC-1α activity repressing oxidative metabolism gene expression and mitochondrion biogenesis in sedentary SKM.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu YJ, Fang YH, Chi HC, Chang LC, Chung SY, Huang WC, Wang XW, Lee KW, Chen SL. Insulin and LiCl synergistically rescue myogenic differentiation of FoxO1 over-expressed myoblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88450. [PMID: 24551104 PMCID: PMC3923792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Most recent studies reported that FoxO1 transcription factor was a negative regulator of myogenesis under serum withdrawal condition, a situation not actually found in vivo. Therefore, the role of FoxO1 in myogenesis should be re-examined under more physiologically relevant conditions. Here we found that FoxO1 was preferentially localized to nucleus in proliferating (PMB) and confluent myoblasts (CMB) and its nuclear exclusion was a prerequisite for formation of multinucleated myotubes (MT). The nuclear shuttling of FoxO1 in PMB could be prevented by leptomycin B and we further found that cytoplasmic accumulation of FoxO1 in myotubes was caused by the blockade of its nuclear import. Although over-expression of wildtype FoxO1 in C2C12 myoblasts significantly blocked their myogenic differentiation under serum withdrawal condition, application of insulin and LiCl, an activator of Wnt signaling pathway, to these cells successfully rescued their myogenic differentiation and generated myotubes with larger diameters. Interestingly, insulin treatment significantly reduced FoxO1 level and also delayed nuclear re-accumulation of FoxO1 triggered by mitogen deprivation. We further found that FoxO1 directly repressed the promoter activity of myogenic genes and this repression can be relieved by insulin and LiCl treatment. These results suggest that FoxO1 inhibits myogenesis in serum withdrawal condition but turns into a hypertrophy potentiator when other myogenic signals, such as Wnt and insulin, are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ju Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Yen Hsin Fang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Cheng Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Li Chiung Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Shih Ying Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Wei Chieh Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Xiao Wen Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Wei Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Shen Liang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kato Y, Kawamoto T, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M. DEC1/STRA13/SHARP2 and DEC2/SHARP1 coordinate physiological processes, including circadian rhythms in response to environmental stimuli. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:339-72. [PMID: 25248482 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Daily physiological and behavioral rhythms are regulated by endogenous circadian molecular clocks. Clock proteins DEC1 (BHLHe40) and DEC2 (BHLHe41) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix protein superfamily, which contains other clock proteins CLOCK and BMAL1. DEC1 and DEC2 are induced by CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer via the CACGTG E-box in the promoter and, thereafter, suppress their own expression by competing with CLOCK:BMAL1 for the DNA binding. This negative feedback DEC loop together with the PER loop involving PER and CRY, the other negative clock regulators, maintains the circadian rhythm of Dec1 and Dec2 expression. DEC1 is induced by light pulse and adjusts the circadian phase of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, whereas DEC1 upregulation by TGF-β resets the circadian phase of the peripheral clocks in tissues. Furthermore, DEC1 and DEC2 modulate the clock output signals to control circadian rhythms in behavior and metabolism. In addition to the functions in the clocks, DEC1 and DEC2 are involved in hypoxia responses, immunological reactions, and carcinogenesis. These DEC actions are mediated by the direct binding to the E-box elements in target genes or by protein-protein interactions with transcription factors such as HIF-1α, RXRα, MyoD, and STAT. Notably, numerous growth factors, hormones, and cytokines, along with ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging agents, induce Dec1 and/or Dec2 in a tissue-specific manner. These findings suggest that DEC1 and DEC2 play a critical role in animal adaptation to various environmental stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ow JR, Tan YH, Jin Y, Bahirvani AG, Taneja R. Stra13 and Sharp-1, the Non-Grouchy Regulators of Development and Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:317-38. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
16
|
Lai XS, Zhang CG, Wang J, Wang C, Lan XY, Lei CZ, Chen H. Developmental expression patterns and association study with growth traits of bovine Bhlhe40 gene. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893313050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
Transcription factors of the FoxO (forkhead box O) family regulate a wide range of cellular physiological processes, including metabolic adaptation and myogenic differentiation. The transcriptional activity of most FoxO members is inhibitory to myogenic differentiation and overexpression of FoxO1 inhibits the development of oxidative type I fibres in vivo. In this study, we found that FoxO6, the last discovered FoxO family member, is expressed ubiquitously in various tissues but with higher expression levels in oxidative tissues, such as brain and oxidative muscles. Both the expression level and promoter activity of FoxO6 were found to be enhanced by PGC-1α (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α), thus explained its enriched expression in oxidative tissues. We further demonstrated that FoxO6 represses the expression of PGC-1α via direct binding to an upstream A/T-rich element (AAGATATCAAAACA,−2228–2215) in the PGC-1α promoter. Oxidative low-intensity exercise induced PGC-1α but reduced FoxO6 expression levels in hind leg muscles, and the binding of FoxO6 to PGC-1α promoter was also prevented by exercise. As FoxO6 promoter can be co-activated by PGC-1α and its promoter in turn can be repressed by FoxO6, it suggests that FoxO6 and PGC-1α form a regulatory loop for setting oxidative metabolism level in the skeletal muscle, which can be entrained by exercise.
Collapse
|
18
|
Park YK, Park H. Differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1 (DEC1) represses PPARγ2 gene through interacting with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ). Mol Cells 2012; 33:575-81. [PMID: 22610404 PMCID: PMC3887761 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DEC1 is a transcription repressor that is induced by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-α/β (HIF-α/β). In this study, we found that either hypoxic treatment or ectopic expression of DEC1 blocks induction of a master adipogenic transactivator, peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ2 (PPARγ2) in 3T3-L1 cells. DEC1 did not prevent C/EBPβ, which is an upstream transactivator for PPARγ2, from occupying the PPARγ2 promoter. DEC1 occupied the PPARγ2 promoter by interacting with DNA-bound C/EBPβ. DEC1 occupancy was accompanied by a reduction of acetylated histones and an increase in histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) occupancy on the PPARγ2 promoter. Based on the fact that DEC1 interacts with HDAC1, this study suggests that DEC1 blocks adipogenesis by reinforcing HDAC1 recruitment to the PPARγ2 promoter. This study implies that DEC1 is one of the mediators that reset the pattern of PPARγ2 expression in response to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kwon Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743,
Korea
| | - Hyunsung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Myogenic regulatory factors regulate M-cadherin expression by targeting its proximal promoter elements. Biochem J 2010; 428:223-33. [PMID: 20334626 DOI: 10.1042/bj20100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
M- and N-cadherin are members of the Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule family. M-cadherin is expressed predominantly in developing skeletal muscles and has been implicated in terminal myogenic differentiation, particularly in myoblast fusion. N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion also plays an important role in skeletal myogenesis. In the present study, we found that both genes were differentially expressed in C2C12 and Sol8 myoblasts during myogenic differentiation and that the expression of M-cadherin was preferentially enhanced in slow-twitch muscle. Interestingly, most MRFs (myogenic regulatory factors) significantly activated the promoter of M-cadherin, but not that of N-cadherin. In line with this, overexpression of MyoD in C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts strongly induced endogenous M-cadherin expression. Promoter analysis in silico and in vitro identified an E-box (from -2 to +4) abutting the transcription initiation site within the M-cadherin promoter that is bound and differentially activated by different MRFs. The activation of the M-cadherin promoter by MRFs was also modulated by Bhlhe40 (basic helix-loop-helix family member e40). Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation proved that MyoD as well as myogenin binds to the M-cadherin promoter in vivo. Taken together, these observations identify a molecular mechanism by which MRFs regulate M-cadherin expression directly to ensure the terminal differentiation of myoblasts.
Collapse
|