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Wu H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sun S, Zhang J, Xie Q, Dong Y, Zhou S, Sha X, Li K, Chen J, Zhang X, Gao Y, Shen Q, Wang G, Zha X, Duan Z, Tang D, Xu C, Geng H, Lv M, Xu Y, Zhou P, Wei Z, Hua R, Cao Y, Liu M, He X. Adenylate kinase phosphate energy shuttle underlies energetic communication in flagellar axonemes. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1697-1714. [PMID: 38761355 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The complexities of energy transfer mechanisms in the flagella of mammalian sperm flagella have been intensively investigated and demonstrate significant diversity across species. Enzymatic shuttles, particularly adenylate kinase (AK) and creatine kinase (CK), are pivotal in the efficient transfer of intracellular ATP, showing distinct tissue- and species-specificity. Here, the expression profiles of AK and CK were investigated in mice and found to fall into four subgroups, of which Subgroup III AKs were observed to be unique to the male reproductive system and conserved across chordates. Both AK8 and AK9 were found to be indispensable to male reproduction after analysis of an infertile male cohort. Knockout mouse models showed that AK8 and AK9 were central to promoting sperm motility. Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry revealed that AK8 and AK9 interact with the radial spoke (RS) of the axoneme. Examination of various human and mouse sperm samples with substructural damage, including the presence of multiple RS subunits, showed that the head of radial spoke 3 acts as an adapter for AK9 in the flagellar axoneme. Using an ATP probe together with metabolomic analysis, it was found that AK8 and AK9 cooperatively regulated ATP transfer in the axoneme, and were concentrated at sites associated with energy consumption in the flagellum. These findings indicate a novel function for RS beyond its structural role, namely, the regulation of ATP transfer. In conclusion, the results expand the functional spectrum of AK proteins and suggest a fresh model regarding ATP transfer within mammalian flagella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yanman Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shuya Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qingsong Xie
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shushu Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xuan Sha
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Kuokuo Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jinyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qunshan Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Guanxiong Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaomin Zha
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zongliu Duan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Dongdong Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Mingrong Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Xiaojin He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Chang Q, Chen Y, Yin J, Wang T, Dai Y, Wu Z, Guo Y, Wang L, Zhao Y, Yuan H, Song D, Zhang L. Comprehensive Urinary Proteome Profiling Analysis Identifies Diagnosis and Relapse Surveillance Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38787199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the predominant malignancy of the urinary system. Herein, a comprehensive urine proteomic feature was initially established for the noninvasive diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of bladder cancer. 279 cases (63 primary BCa, 87 nontumor controls (NT), 73 relapsed BCa (BCR), and 56 nonrelapsed BCa (BCNR)) were collected to screen urinary protein biomarkers. 4761 and 3668 proteins were qualified and quantified by DDA and sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) analysis in two discovery sets, respectively. Upregulated proteins were validated by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in two independent combined sets. Using the multi-support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (mSVM-RFE) algorithm, a model comprising 13 proteins exhibited good performance between BCa and NT with an AUC of 0.821 (95% CI: 0.675-0.967), 90.9% sensitivity (95% CI: 72.7-100%), and 73.3% specificity (95% CI: 53.3-93.3%) in the diagnosis test set. Meanwhile, an 11-marker classifier significantly distinguished BCR from BCNR with 75.0% sensitivity (95% CI: 50.0-100%), 81.8% specificity (95% CI: 54.5-100%), and an AUC of 0.784 (95% CI: 0.609-0.959) in the test cohort for relapse surveillance. Notably, six proteins (SPR, AK1, CD2AP, ADGRF1, GMPS, and C8A) of 24 markers were newly reported. This paper reveals novel urinary protein biomarkers for BCa and offers new theoretical insights into the pathogenesis of bladder cancer (data identifier PXD044896).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jianjian Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuanheng Dai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zixin Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lingang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongkui Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Wang J, Saiki N, Tanimura A, Noma T, Niwa A, Nakahata T, Saito MK. UK-5099, a mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor, recovers impaired neutrophil maturation caused by AK2 deficiency in human pluripotent stem cell models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149211. [PMID: 37949028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Reticular dysgenesis (RD) is a rare genetic disease caused by gene mutations in the ATP:AMP phosphotransferase, adenylate kinase 2 (AK2). Patients with RD suffer from severe combined immunodeficiency with neutrophil maturation arrest. Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be a curative option, it is invasive, and complications of agranulocytosis-induced infection worsen the prognosis. Here, we report that the use of UK-5099, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), on hemo-angiogenic progenitor cells (HAPCs) derived from AK2-deficient induced pluripotent stem cells improved neutrophil maturation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in AK2-deficient HAPCs remained unchanged throughout all experiments, implying that UK-5099 improved the phenotype without affecting ROS levels. Overall, our results suggest that the MPC is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neutrophil maturation defects in RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Norikazu Saiki
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Tanimura
- Division of Food and Health Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan; Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, The University of Shimane, Izumo, 693-8550, Japan
| | - Takafumi Noma
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Human Life Studies, Hiroshima Jogakuin University, Hiroshima, 732-0063, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tastutoshi Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Regulation of Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism by Adenylate Kinase Isozymes: Physiological Roles and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065561. [PMID: 36982634 PMCID: PMC10056885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylate kinase (AK) regulates adenine nucleotide metabolism and catalyzes the ATP + AMP ⇌ 2ADP reaction in a wide range of organisms and bacteria. AKs regulate adenine nucleotide ratios in different intracellular compartments and maintain the homeostasis of the intracellular nucleotide metabolism necessary for growth, differentiation, and motility. To date, nine isozymes have been identified and their functions have been analyzed. Moreover, the dynamics of the intracellular energy metabolism, diseases caused by AK mutations, the relationship with carcinogenesis, and circadian rhythms have recently been reported. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the physiological roles of AK isozymes in different diseases. In particular, this review focused on the symptoms caused by mutated AK isozymes in humans and phenotypic changes arising from altered gene expression in animal models. The future analysis of intracellular, extracellular, and intercellular energy metabolism with a focus on AK will aid in a wide range of new therapeutic approaches for various diseases, including cancer, lifestyle-related diseases, and aging.
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He S, Chen H, Guo X, Gao J. Red cell adenylate kinase deficiency in China: molecular study of 2 new mutations (413G > A, 223dupA). BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:102. [PMID: 35509045 PMCID: PMC9066714 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenylate kinase (AK) is a monomolecular enzyme widely found in a variety of organisms. It mainly catalyses the reversible transfer of adenosine nucleotide phosphate groups and plays an important role in maintaining energy metabolism. AK deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that is related to haemolytic anaemia. Chronic haemolytic anaemia associated with AK deficiency is a rare condition, and only 14 unrelated families have been reported thus far. Moreover, only 11 mutations have been identified in the AK1 gene, with only 3 cases of psychomotor impairment. Case presentation The patient was a 3-year-old boy with severe haemolytic anaemia and psychomotor retardation. A molecular study of the patient’s AK gene revealed 2 different mutations: a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 6 (c.413G > A) and a heterozygous frameshift mutation in exon 5 (c.223dupA). Molecular modelling analyses indicated that AK gene inactivation resulted in a lack of AK activity. The patient recovered after regular blood transfusion therapy. Conclusions AK1 deficiency was diagnosed on the basis of low enzymatic activity and the identification of a mutation in the AK1 gene located on chromosome 9q. Here, we report the first case of moderate red cell AK1 deficiency associated with chronic nonspherocytic haemolytic anaemia (CNSHA) in China. The genetic mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The variants were classified as pathogenic by bioinformatics tools, such as ACMG/AMP guidelines, Mutation Taster, SIFT, MACP, REVEL and PolyPhen2.2. Based on our evidence and previous literature reports, we speculate that the site of the AK1 gene c.413G > A (p.Arg138His) mutation may be a high-frequency mutation site and the other mutation (c.223dupA) might be related to the neuropathogenicity caused by AK1 deficiency. NGS should be a part of newborn to early childhood screening to diagnose rare and poorly diagnosed genetic diseases as early as possible. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01248-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia He
- Department of Peadiatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Peadiatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Peadiatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Peadiatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Adenylate Kinase Isozyme 3 Regulates Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Knockout Alters HeLa Cell Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084316. [PMID: 35457131 PMCID: PMC9032187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis is important for cancer cell growth and survival, and changes in energy metabolism are an emerging therapeutic target. Adenylate kinase (AK) regulates adenine nucleotide metabolism, maintaining intracellular nucleotide metabolic homeostasis. In this study, we focused on AK3, the isozyme localized in the mitochondrial matrix that reversibly mediates the following reaction: Mg2+ GTP + AMP ⇌ Mg2+ GDP + ADP. Additionally, we analyzed AK3-knockout (KO) HeLa cells, which showed reduced proliferation and were detected at an increased number in the G1 phase. A metabolomic analysis showed decreased ATP; increased glycolytic metabolites such as glucose 6 phosphate (G6P), fructose 6 phosphate (F6P), and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP); and decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites in AK3KO cells. An intracellular ATP evaluation of AK3KO HeLa cells transfected with ATeam plasmid, an ATP sensor, showed decreased whole cell levels. Levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a complementary response to mitochondrial failure, were increased in AK3KO HeLa cells. Oxidative stress levels increased with changes in gene expression, evidenced as an increase in related enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and SOD3. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) expression and PEP levels increased, whereas PCK2 inhibition affected AK3KO HeLa cells more than wild-type (WT) cells. Therefore, we concluded that increased PCK2 expression may be complementary to increased GDP, which was found to be deficient through AK3KO. This study demonstrated the importance of AK3 in mitochondrial matrix energy metabolism.
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Zhang J, Gao X, Cai G, Wang Y, Li J, Du H, Wang R, Zhang H, Huang J. An Adenylate Kinase OsAK3 Involves Brassinosteroid Signaling and Grain Length in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:105. [PMID: 34962599 PMCID: PMC8714616 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grain size is one of the major determinants of cereal crop yield. As a class of plant polyhydroxysteroids, brassinosteroids (BRs) play essential roles in the regulation of grain size and plant architecture in rice. In a previous research, we cloned qGL3/OsPPKL1 encoding a protein phosphatase with Kelch-like repeat domains, which negatively regulates BR signaling and grain length in rice. RESULTS Here, we screened qGL3-interacting proteins (GIPs) via yeast two-hybrid assay and analyzed the phenotypes of the T-DNA insertion mutants of GIPs. Among these mutants, mutant osak3 presents shorter grain length and dwarfing phenotype. OsAK3 encodes an adenylate kinase, which regulates grain size by controlling cell expansion of rice spikelet glume. Overexpression of OsAK3 resulted in longer grain length. OsAK3 interacts with qGL3 in vivo and in vitro. Lamina inclination, coleoptile elongation and root inhibition experiments showed that the osak3 mutant was less sensitive to exogenous brassinolide (BL) treatment. The transcriptional level of OsAK3 was up-regulated under BL induction. In addition, RNA-Seq data indicate that OsAK3 is involved in a variety of biological processes that regulate BR signaling and grain development in rice. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a novel BR signaling component OsAK3 in the regulation of grain length, and provides novel clues for uncovering the potential functions of OsAK3 in rice growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiuying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huaying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ji Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Oud MS, Houston BJ, Volozonoka L, Mastrorosa FK, Holt GS, Alobaidi BKS, deVries PF, Astuti G, Ramos L, Mclachlan RI, O’Bryan MK, Veltman JA, Chemes HE, Sheth H. Exome sequencing reveals variants in known and novel candidate genes for severe sperm motility disorders. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2597-2611. [PMID: 34089056 PMCID: PMC8373475 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the causative genetic variants in patients with male infertility due to severe sperm motility disorders? SUMMARY ANSWER We identified high confidence disease-causing variants in multiple genes previously associated with severe sperm motility disorders in 10 out of 21 patients (48%) and variants in novel candidate genes in seven additional patients (33%). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Severe sperm motility disorders are a form of male infertility characterised by immotile sperm often in combination with a spectrum of structural abnormalities of the sperm flagellum that do not affect viability. Currently, depending on the clinical sub-categorisation, up to 50% of causality in patients with severe sperm motility disorders can be explained by pathogenic variants in at least 22 genes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed exome sequencing in 21 patients with severe sperm motility disorders from two different clinics. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHOD Two groups of infertile men, one from Argentina (n = 9) and one from Australia (n = 12), with clinically defined severe sperm motility disorders (motility <5%) and normal morphology values of 0-4%, were included. All patients in the Argentine cohort were diagnosed with DFS-MMAF, based on light and transmission electron microscopy. Sperm ultrastructural information was not available for the Australian cohort. Exome sequencing was performed in all 21 patients and variants with an allele frequency of <1% in the gnomAD population were prioritised and interpreted. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE In 10 of 21 patients (48%), we identified pathogenic variants in known sperm assembly genes: CFAP43 (3 patients); CFAP44 (2 patients), CFAP58 (1 patient), QRICH2 (2 patients), DNAH1 (1 patient) and DNAH6 (1 patient). The diagnostic rate did not differ markedly between the Argentinian and the Australian cohort (55% and 42%, respectively). Furthermore, we identified patients with variants in the novel human candidate sperm motility genes: DNAH12, DRC1, MDC1, PACRG, SSPL2C and TPTE2. One patient presented with variants in four candidate genes and it remains unclear which variants were responsible for the severe sperm motility defect in this patient. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In this study, we described patients with either a homozygous or two heterozygous candidate pathogenic variants in genes linked to sperm motility disorders. Due to unavailability of parental DNA, we have not assessed the frequency of de novo or maternally inherited dominant variants and could not determine the parental origin of the mutations to establish in all cases that the mutations are present on both alleles. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results confirm the likely causal role of variants in six known genes for sperm motility and we demonstrate that exome sequencing is an effective method to diagnose patients with severe sperm motility disorders (10/21 diagnosed; 48%). Furthermore, our analysis revealed six novel candidate genes for severe sperm motility disorders. Genome-wide sequencing of additional patient cohorts and re-analysis of exome data of currently unsolved cases may reveal additional variants in these novel candidate genes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This project was supported in part by funding from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1120356) to M.K.O.B., J.A.V. and R.I.M.L., The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (918-15-667) to J.A.V., the Royal Society and Wolfson Foundation (WM160091) to J.A.V., as well as an Investigator Award in Science from the Wellcome Trust (209451) to J.A.V. and Grants from the National Research Council of Argentina (PIP 0900 and 4584) and ANPCyT (PICT 9591) to H.E.C. and a UUKi Rutherford Fund Fellowship awarded to B.J.H.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Oud
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B J Houston
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Monash, Australia
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - L Volozonoka
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - F K Mastrorosa
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G S Holt
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - B K S Alobaidi
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P F deVries
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Astuti
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L Ramos
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R I Mclachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M K O’Bryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Monash, Australia
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - J A Veltman
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - H E Chemes
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” CEDIE-CONICET-FEI, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Sheth
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Foundation for Research in Genetics and Endocrinology, Institute of Human Genetics, Ahmedabad, India
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9
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Xu R, Yang Y, Zheng X. Unique structural features of the adenylate kinase hCINAP/AK6 and its multifaceted functions in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2071-2084. [PMID: 34245011 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human coilin-interacting nuclear ATPase protein (hCINAP), also known as adenylate kinase 6 (AK6), is an atypical adenylate kinase with critical roles in many biological processes, including gene transcription, ribosome synthesis, cell metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis, DNA damage responses, and genome stability. Furthermore, hCINAP/AK6 dysfunction is associated with cancer and various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the structural features and biological roles of hCINAP in several important signaling pathways, as well as its connection with tumor onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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10
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Wujak M, Kozakiewicz A, Ciarkowska A, Loch JI, Barwiolek M, Sokolowska Z, Budny M, Wojtczak A. Assessing the Interactions of Statins with Human Adenylate Kinase Isoenzyme 1: Fluorescence and Enzyme Kinetic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115541. [PMID: 34073952 PMCID: PMC8197361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are the most effective cholesterol-lowering drugs. They also exert many pleiotropic effects, including anti-cancer and cardio- and neuro-protective. Numerous nano-sized drug delivery systems were developed to enhance the therapeutic potential of statins. Studies on possible interactions between statins and human proteins could provide a deeper insight into the pleiotropic and adverse effects of these drugs. Adenylate kinase (AK) was found to regulate HDL endocytosis, cellular metabolism, cardiovascular function and neurodegeneration. In this work, we investigated interactions between human adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (hAK1) and atorvastatin (AVS), fluvastatin (FVS), pravastatin (PVS), rosuvastatin (RVS) and simvastatin (SVS) with fluorescence spectroscopy. The tested statins quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of hAK1 by creating stable hAK1-statin complexes with the binding constants of the order of 104 M−1. The enzyme kinetic studies revealed that statins inhibited hAK1 with significantly different efficiencies, in a noncompetitive manner. Simvastatin inhibited hAK1 with the highest yield comparable to that reported for diadenosine pentaphosphate, the only known hAK1 inhibitor. The determined AK sensitivity to statins differed markedly between short and long type AKs, suggesting an essential role of the LID domain in the AK inhibition. Our studies might open new horizons for the development of new modulators of short type AKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wujak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Anna Kozakiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.B.); (Z.S.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-56-611-4511
| | - Anna Ciarkowska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Joanna I. Loch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Barwiolek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.B.); (Z.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Zuzanna Sokolowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.B.); (Z.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Marcin Budny
- Synthex Technologies Sp. z o.o., Gagarina 7/134B, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Wojtczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.B.); (Z.S.); (A.W.)
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11
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Co-expression Analysis of Genes and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Metastatic Uterine Carcinosarcoma. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2685-2698. [PMID: 33905082 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a malignant tumor with a high tendency to invasion and metastasis. However, the underlying invasion and metastasis mechanisms of UCS remain poorly understood. Genetic alteration and tumor-infiltrating immune cells play important roles in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of UCS, we screened tumor-infiltrating immune cells by applying CIBERSORT algorithm and constructed nomograms to predict the prognosis of UCS patients based on metastasis-specific tumor-infiltrating immune cells and genes, and demonstrated their utility by the high AUC values. Combining gene co-expression and experimental validation results, we propose a potential mechanism of AK8, MPZ, and mast cells activated might play important parts in UCS metastasis.
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12
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Zhong M, Wu H, Li F, Shan X, Ji C. Proteomic analysis revealed gender-specific responses of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) to trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP) exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115537. [PMID: 32892020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP) is a halogenated organophosphate ester that is widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers. In this study, gender-specific accumulation and responses in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to TCPP exposure were focused and highlighted. After TCPP (100 nmol L-1) exposure for 42 days, male mussels showed similar average bioaccumulation (37.14 ± 6.09 nmol g-1 fat weight (fw)) of TCPP with that in female mussels (32.28 ± 4.49 nmol g-1 fw). Proteomic analysis identified 219 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between male and female mussels in control group. There were 52 and 54 DEPs induced by TCPP in male and female mussels, respectively. Interestingly, gender-specific DEPs included 37 and 41 DEPs induced by TCPP in male and female mussels, respectively. The proteomic differences between male and female mussels were related to protein synthesis and degradation, energy metabolism, and functions of cytoskeleton and motor proteins. TCPP influenced protein synthesis, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton functions, immunity, and reproduction in both male and female mussels. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks indicated that protein synthesis and energy metabolism were the main biological processes influenced by TCPP. However, DEPs involved in these processes and their interaction patterns were quite different between male and female mussels. Basically, twelve ribosome DEPs which directly or indirectly interacted were found in protein synthesis in TCPP-exposed male mussels, while only 3 ribosome DEPs (not interacted) in TCPP-exposed female mussels. In energy metabolism, only 4 DEPs (with the relatively simple interaction pattern) mainly resided in fatty acid metabolism, butanoate/propanoate metabolism and glucose metabolism were discovered in TCPP-exposed male mussels, and more DEPs (with multiple interactions) functioned in TCA cycle and pyruvate/glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism were found in TCCP-exposed female mussels. Taken together, TCPP induced gender-specific toxicological effects in mussels, which may shed new lights on further understanding the toxicological mechanisms of TCPP in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Shan
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
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13
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CFAP45 deficiency causes situs abnormalities and asthenospermia by disrupting an axonemal adenine nucleotide homeostasis module. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5520. [PMID: 33139725 PMCID: PMC7606486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonemal dynein ATPases direct ciliary and flagellar beating via adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. The modulatory effect of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) on flagellar beating is not fully understood. Here, we describe a deficiency of cilia and flagella associated protein 45 (CFAP45) in humans and mice that presents a motile ciliopathy featuring situs inversus totalis and asthenospermia. CFAP45-deficient cilia and flagella show normal morphology and axonemal ultrastructure. Proteomic profiling links CFAP45 to an axonemal module including dynein ATPases and adenylate kinase as well as CFAP52, whose mutations cause a similar ciliopathy. CFAP45 binds AMP in vitro, consistent with structural modelling that identifies an AMP-binding interface between CFAP45 and AK8. Microtubule sliding of dyskinetic sperm from Cfap45−/− mice is rescued with the addition of either AMP or ADP with ATP, compared to ATP alone. We propose that CFAP45 supports mammalian ciliary and flagellar beating via an adenine nucleotide homeostasis module. The mechanism by which adenosine monophosphate modulates dynein ATPase-mediated ciliary and flagellar beating remains obscure. Here the authors identify an axonemal module including cilia and flagella associated protein 45 that supports adenine nucleotide homeostasis and underlies a human ciliopathy
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14
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Proteome activity landscapes of tumor cell lines determine drug responses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3639. [PMID: 32686665 PMCID: PMC7371697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated analysis of genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and drug responses of cancer cell lines (CCLs) is an emerging approach to uncover molecular mechanisms of drug action. We extend this paradigm to measuring proteome activity landscapes by acquiring and integrating quantitative data for 10,000 proteins and 55,000 phosphorylation sites (p-sites) from 125 CCLs. These data are used to contextualize proteins and p-sites and predict drug sensitivity. For example, we find that Progesterone Receptor (PGR) phosphorylation is associated with sensitivity to drugs modulating estrogen signaling such as Raloxifene. We also demonstrate that Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1) inactivates antimetabolites like Cytarabine. Consequently, high AK1 levels correlate with poor survival of Cytarabine-treated acute myeloid leukemia patients, qualifying AK1 as a patient stratification marker and possibly as a drug target. We provide an interactive web application termed ATLANTiC (http://atlantic.proteomics.wzw.tum.de), which enables the community to explore the thousands of novel functional associations generated by this work.
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15
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Iqbal MA, Hong K, Kim JH, Choi Y. Severe combined immunodeficiency pig as an emerging animal model for human diseases and regenerative medicines. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 31722780 PMCID: PMC6889892 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.11.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by compromised T lymphocyte differentiation related to abnormal development of other lymphocytes [i.e., B and/or natural killer (NK) cells], leading to death early in life unless treated immediately with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Functional NK cells may impact engraftment success of life-saving procedures such as bone marrow transplantation in human SCID patients. Therefore, in animal models, a T cell−/B cell−/NK cell+ environment provides a valuable tool for understanding the function of the innate immune system and for developing targeted NK therapies against human immune diseases. In this review, we focus on underlying mechanisms of human SCID, recent progress in the development of SCID animal models, and utilization of SCID pig model in biomedical sciences. Numerous physiologies in pig are comparable to those in human such as immune system, X-linked heritability, typical T−B+NK− cellular phenotype, and anatomy. Due to analogous features of pig to those of human, studies have found that immunodeficient pig is the most appropriate model for human SCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arsalan Iqbal
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jin Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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16
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Prognostic and therapeutic potential of Adenylate kinase 2 in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17757. [PMID: 31780678 PMCID: PMC6883075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylate kinase 2 (AK2), an isoenzyme of the AK family, may have momentous extra-mitochondrial functions, especially in tumourigenesis in addition to the well-known control of energy metabolism. In this study, we provided the first evidence that AK2 is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma. The positive expression of AK2 is associated with tumor progression, and poor survival in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Knockdown of AK2 could suppress proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as induce apoptosis and autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Remarkably, silencing AK2 exerted the greater tumor suppression roles when combined with hydroxychloroquine, an effective autophagy inhibitor, in vitro and in xenografts mouse models. Our data have probably provided preclinical proof that systematic inhibition of AK2 and autophagy could be therapeutically effective on lung cancer.
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17
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Abstract
Adenylate kinase is a small, usually monomeric, enzyme found in every living thing due to its crucial role in energetic metabolism. This paper outlines the most relevant data about adenylate kinases isoforms, and the connection between dysregulation or mutation of human adenylate kinase and medical conditions. The following datadases were consulted: National Centre for Biotechnology Information, Protein Data Bank, and Mouse Genomic Informatics. The SmartBLAST tool, EMBOSS Needle Program, and Clustal Omega Program were used to analyze the best protein match, and to perform pairwise sequence alignment and multiple sequence alignment. Human adenylate kinase genes are located on different chromosomes, six of them being on the chromosomes 1 and 9. The adenylate kinases' intracellular localization and organ distribution explain their dysregulation in many diseases. The cytosolic isoenzyme 1 and the mitochondrial isoenzyme 2 are the main adenylate kinases that are integrated in the vast network of inflammatory modulators. The cytosolic isoenzyme 5 is correlated with limbic encephalitis and Leu673Pro mutation of the isoenzyme 7 leads to primary male infertility due to impairment of the ciliary function. The impairment of the mitochondrial isoenzymes 2 and 4 is demonstrated in neuroblastoma or glioma. The adenylate kinases are disease modifier that can assess the risk of diseases where oxidative stress plays a crucial role in pathogenesis like metabolic syndrome or neurodegenerative diseases. Because adenylate kinases has ATP as substrate, they are integrated in the global network of energetic process of any organism therefore are valid target for new pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ileana Ionescu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur, Cluj-Napoca, 400349, Romania. .,County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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18
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Ghaloul-Gonzalez L, Mohsen AW, Karunanidhi A, Seminotti B, Chong H, Madan-Khetarpal S, Sebastian J, Vockley CW, Reyes-Múgica M, Vander Lugt MT, Vockley J. Reticular Dysgenesis and Mitochondriopathy Induced by Adenylate Kinase 2 Deficiency with Atypical Presentation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15739. [PMID: 31673062 PMCID: PMC6823482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticular dysgenesis is an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) that usually manifests in newborns. It is a unique example of an immune deficiency that is linked to dysfunctional mitochondrial energy metabolism and caused by adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) deficiency. It is characterized by an early differentiation arrest in the myeloid lineage, impaired lymphoid maturation, and sensorineural hearing loss. In this study, a novel AK2 homozygous mutation, c.622 T > C [p.Ser208Pro], was identified in an Old Order Amish patient through whole exome sequencing. Functional studies showed that the patient’s cells have no detectable AK2 protein, as well as low oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and proton production rate (PPR). An increased production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane permeability, and mitochondrial mass, and decreased ATP production, were also observed. The results confirm the pathogenicity of the AK2 mutation and demonstrate that reticular dysgenesis should be considered in Amish individuals presenting with immune deficiency. We also describe other pathophysiological aspects of AK2 deficiency not previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ghaloul-Gonzalez
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Al-Walid Mohsen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anuradha Karunanidhi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bianca Seminotti
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hey Chong
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Sebastian
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Walsh Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark T Vander Lugt
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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19
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Deng X, Lei Y, Yu Y, Lu S, Zhang J. The Discovery of Proteins Associated with Freshness of Coregonus Peled Muscle During Refrigerated Storage. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1266-1272. [PMID: 31116424 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the protein indicator of freshness of Coregonus peled using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) methods. Samples were obtained prior to (control group) and 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after refrigerated storage for quality and proteomics analysis. Three proteins were found to have significant differential abundance in sample groups during the refrigerated storage, including l-lactate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1, and myosin heavy chain, which were associated with freshness changes of C. peled. The freshness of C. peled fish during the refrigerated storage can be differentiated from the comparison of the specific proteins. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The changes of food quality pose not only the relative economical loses but also the potential implications on consumer's health. Proteomics can represent a powerful tool to explore potential biomarkers that may be related to meat quality defects. The identification of key protein biomarkers linked to freshness of Coregonus peled allows to monitor the response of the food matrix during storage and try to minimizes these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongdong Lei
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Yawen Yu
- Food College, Shihezi Univ., Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Shiling Lu
- Food College, Shihezi Univ., Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Food College, Shihezi Univ., Shihezi, 832003, China
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Gęgotek A, Domingues P, Wroński A, Wójcik P, Skrzydlewska E. Proteomic plasma profile of psoriatic patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:185-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gao Y, Zhou X, Wang H, Liu R, Ye Q, Zhao Q, Ming Z, Dong H. Immunization with recombinant schistosome adenylate kinase 1 partially protects mice against Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1665-1674. [PMID: 28455627 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Highly effective and safe prophylactic vaccines are urgently needed to sustainably control schistosomiasis, one of the most serious endemic zoonoses in China. In this study, we characterized adenylate kinase 1 from Schistosoma japonicum (SjAK1), a phosphotransferase that regulates cellular energy and metabolism, and evaluated its potential as a recombinant vaccine. Based on real-time quantitative PCR, western blot, and immunolocalization, SjAK1 is active throughout the life of the worm, although its expression is higher in 21-day-old schistosomula, adult worms, and eggs deposited in the host liver. Further, the enzyme accumulates in the eggshell, intestinal epithelium, integument of adult worms and in the vitellaria tissue in female worms. A 594-bp full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding SjAK1 was synthesized from total RNA of 3-day-old schistosomes, and immunization with recombinant SjAK1 reduced worm burden by 50%, decreased the density of eggs deposited in the host liver by 40%, and reduced the area of granulomas in the host liver by 56%. ELISA results showed that recombinant SjAK1 also stimulated Th1 cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-γ, but not IL-5 and IL-4. Collectively, a recombinant form of the enzyme SjAK1 elicits partial protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum infection and the induction of Th1 cytokines. Thus, the enzyme has potential as a component of a multivalent vaccine against schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Gao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Parasitology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430071, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, 437000, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Parasitology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Parasitology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Parasitology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China
| | - Qinping Zhao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Parasitology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Zhenping Ming
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Parasitology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Huifen Dong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Parasitology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430071, China.
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Agarwal A, Sharma R, Samanta L, Durairajanayagam D, Sabanegh E. Proteomic signatures of infertile men with clinical varicocele and their validation studies reveal mitochondrial dysfunction leading to infertility. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:282-91. [PMID: 26732106 PMCID: PMC4770500 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.170445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the major differences in the distribution of spermatozoa proteins in infertile men with varicocele by comparative proteomics and validation of their level of expression. The study-specific estimates for each varicocele outcome were combined to identify the proteins involved in varicocele-associated infertility in men irrespective of stage and laterality of their clinical varicocele. Expression levels of 5 key proteins (PKAR1A, AK7, CCT6B, HSPA2, and ODF2) involved in stress response and sperm function including molecular chaperones were validated by Western blotting. Ninety-nine proteins were differentially expressed in the varicocele group. Over 87% of the DEP involved in major energy metabolism and key sperm functions were underexpressed in the varicocele group. Key protein functions affected in the varicocele group were spermatogenesis, sperm motility, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which were further validated by Western blotting, corroborating the proteomics analysis. Varicocele is essentially a state of energy deprivation, hypoxia, and hyperthermia due to impaired blood supply, which is corroborated by down-regulation of lipid metabolism, mitochondrial electron transport chain, and Krebs cycle enzymes. To corroborate the proteomic analysis, expression of the 5 identified proteins of interest was validated by Western blotting. This study contributes toward establishing a biomarker “fingerprint” to assess sperm quality on the basis of molecular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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AK2 deficiency compromises the mitochondrial energy metabolism required for differentiation of human neutrophil and lymphoid lineages. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1856. [PMID: 26270350 PMCID: PMC4558504 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reticular dysgenesis is a human severe combined immunodeficiency that is primarily characterized by profound neutropenia and lymphopenia. The condition is caused by mutations in the adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) gene, resulting in the loss of mitochondrial AK2 protein expression. AK2 regulates the homeostasis of mitochondrial adenine nucleotides (ADP, ATP and AMP) by catalyzing the transfer of high-energy phosphate. Our present results demonstrate that AK2-knocked-down progenitor cells have poor proliferative and survival capacities and are blocked in their differentiation toward lymphoid and granulocyte lineages. We also observed that AK2 deficiency impaired mitochondrial function in general and oxidative phosphorylation in particular - showing that AK2 is critical in the control of energy metabolism. Loss of AK2 disrupts this regulation and leads to a profound block in lymphoid and myeloid cell differentiation.
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Horiguchi T, Fuka M, Fujisawa K, Tanimura A, Miyoshi K, Murakami R, Noma T. Adenylate kinase 2 deficiency limits survival and regulates various genes during larval stages of Drosophila melanogaster. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2015; 61:137-50. [PMID: 24705759 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.61.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenylate kinase isozyme 2 (AK2) is located in mitochondrial intermembrane space and regulates energy metabolism by reversibly converting ATP and AMP to 2 ADPs. We previously demonstrated that disruption of the Drosophila melanogaster AK2 gene (Dak2) resulted in growth arrest during the larval stage and subsequent death. Two other groups found that human AK2 mutations cause reticular dysgenesis, a form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) that is associated with severe hematopoietic defects and sensorineural deafness. However, the mechanisms underlying differential outcomes of AK2 deficiency in Drosophila and human systems remain unknown. In this study, effects of tissue-specific inactivation of the Dak2 gene on Drosophila development were analyzed using RNAi-mediated gene knockdown. In addition, to investigate the roles of AK2 in the regulation of gene expression during development, microarray analysis was performed using RNA from first and second instar larvae of Dak2-deficient mutant and wild-type D. melanogaster. Knockdown of Dak2 in all germ layers caused cessation of growth and subsequent death of flies. Microarray analysis revealed that Dak2 deficiency downregulates various genes, particularly those involved in the proteasomal function and in mitochondrial translation machinery. These data indicate that adenine nucleotide interconversion by Dak2 is crucial for developmental processes of Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taigo Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
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Kaldma A, Klepinin A, Chekulayev V, Mado K, Shevchuk I, Timohhina N, Tepp K, Kandashvili M, Varikmaa M, Koit A, Planken M, Heck K, Truu L, Planken A, Valvere V, Rebane E, Kaambre T. An in situ study of bioenergetic properties of human colorectal cancer: the regulation of mitochondrial respiration and distribution of flux control among the components of ATP synthasome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:171-86. [PMID: 25218857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize the function of mitochondria and main energy fluxes in human colorectal cancer (HCC) cells. We have performed quantitative analysis of cellular respiration in post-operative tissue samples collected from 42 cancer patients. Permeabilized tumor tissue in combination with high resolution respirometry was used. Our results indicate that HCC is not a pure glycolytic tumor and the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system may be the main provider of ATP in these tumor cells. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for ADP and maximal respiratory rate (Vm) values were calculated for the characterization of the affinity of mitochondria for exogenous ADP: normal colon tissue displayed low affinity (Km = 260 ± 55 μM) whereas the affinity of tumor mitochondria was significantly higher (Km = 126 ± 17 μM). But concurrently the Vm value of the tumor samples was 60-80% higher than that in control tissue. The reason for this change is related to the increased number of mitochondria. Our data suggest that in both HCC and normal intestinal cells tubulin β-II isoform probably does not play a role in the regulation of permeability of the MOM for adenine nucleotides. The mitochondrial creatine kinase energy transfer system is not functional in HCC and our experiments showed that adenylate kinase reactions could play an important role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis in colorectal carcinomas instead of creatine kinase. Immunofluorescent studies showed that hexokinase 2 (HK-2) was associated with mitochondria in HCC cells, but during carcinogenesis the total activity of HK did not change. Furthermore, only minor alterations in the expression of HK-1 and HK-2 isoforms have been observed. Metabolic Control analysis showed that the distribution of the control over electron transport chain and ATP synthasome complexes seemed to be similar in both tumor and control tissues. High flux control coefficients point to the possibility that the mitochondrial respiratory chain is reorganized in some way or assembled into large supercomplexes in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrus Kaldma
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kati Mado
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Minna Varikmaa
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andre Koit
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | | | - Laura Truu
- Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anu Planken
- Cancer Research Competence Center, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Egle Rebane
- Cancer Research Competence Center, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia; Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Differential expression of adenine nucleotide converting enzymes in mitochondrial intermembrane space: a potential role of adenylate kinase isozyme 2 in neutrophil differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89916. [PMID: 24587121 PMCID: PMC3934953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenine nucleotide dynamics in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) play a key role in oxidative phosphorylation. In a previous study, Drosophila adenylate kinase isozyme 2 (Dak2) knockout was reported to cause developmental lethality at the larval stage in Drosophila melanogaster. In addition, two other studies reported that AK2 is a responsible gene for reticular dysgenesis (RD), a human disease that is characterized by severe combined immunodeficiency and deafness. Therefore, mitochondrial AK2 may play an important role in hematopoietic differentiation and ontogenesis. Three additional adenine nucleotide metabolizing enzymes, including mitochondrial creatine kinases (CKMT1 and CKMT2) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase isoform D (NDPK-D), have been found in IMS. Although these kinases generate ADP for ATP synthesis, their involvement in RD remains unclear and still an open question. In this study, mRNA and protein expressions of these mitochondrial kinases were firstly examined in mouse ES cells, day 8 embryos, and 7-week-old adult mice. It was found that their expressions are spatiotemporally regulated, and Ak2 is exclusively expressed in bone marrow, which is a major hematopoietic tissue in adults. In subsequent experiments, we identified increased expression of both AK2 and CKMT1 during macrophage differentiation and exclusive production of AK2 during neutrophil differentiation using HL-60 cells as an in vitro model of hematopoietic differentiation. Furthermore, AK2 knockdown specifically inhibited neutrophil differentiation without affecting macrophage differentiation. These data suggest that AK2 is indispensable for neutrophil differentiation and indicate a possible causative link between AK2 deficiency and neutropenia in RD.
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The many isoforms of human adenylate kinases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 49:75-83. [PMID: 24495878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenine nucleotides are involved in a variety of cellular metabolic processes, including nucleic acid synthesis and repair, formation of coenzymes, energy transfer, cell and ciliary motility, hormone secretion, gene expression regulation and ion-channel control. Adenylate kinases are abundant phosphotransferases that catalyze the interconversion of adenine nucleotides and thus regulate the adenine nucleotide ratios in different intracellular compartments. Nine different adenylate kinase isoenzymes have been identified and characterized so far in human tissues, named AK1 to AK9 according to their order of discovery. Adenylate kinases differ in molecular weight, tissue distribution, subcellular localization, substrate and phosphate donor specificity and kinetic properties. The preferred substrate and phosphate donor of all adenylate kinases are AMP and ATP respectively, but some members of the family can phosphorylate other substrates and use other phosphate donors. In addition to their nucleoside monophosphate kinase activity, adenylate kinases were found to possess nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity as they are able to phosphorylate both ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates to their corresponding triphosphates. Nucleoside analogues are structural analogues of natural nucleosides, used in the treatment of cancer and viral infections. They are inactive prodrugs that are dependent on intracellular phosphorylation to their pharmacologically active triphosphate form. Novel data presented in this review confirm the role of adenylate kinases in the activation of deoxyadenosine and deoxycytidine nucleoside analogues.
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Adenylate Kinase Isoform Network: A Major Hub in Cell Energetics and Metabolic Signaling. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY OF METABOLIC AND SIGNALING NETWORKS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38505-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Buonvicino D, Formentini L, Cipriani G, Chiarugi A. Glucose deprivation converts poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 hyperactivation into a transient energy-producing process. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36530-7. [PMID: 24194524 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive poly(ADP-ribose) formation by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) triggers NAD depletion and cell death. These events have been invariantly related to cellular energy failure due to ATP shortage. The latter occurs because of both ATP consumption for NAD resynthesis and impairment of mitochondrial ATP formation caused by an increase of the AMP/ADP ratio. ATP depletion is therefore thought to be an inevitable consequence of NAD loss and a hallmark of PARP-1 activation. Here, we challenge this scenario by showing that PARP-1 hyperactivation in cells cultured in the absence of glucose (Glu(-) cells) is followed by NAD depletion and an unexpected PARP-1 activity-dependent ATP increase. We found increased ADP content in resting Glu(-) cells, a condition that counteracts the increase of the AMP/ADP ratio during hyperpoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and preserves mitochondrial coupling. We also show that the increase of ATP in Glu(-) cells is due to adenylate kinase activity, transforming AMP into ADP which, in turn, is converted into ATP by coupled mitochondria. Interestingly, PARP-1-dependent mitochondrial release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome complex (Cyt c) is reduced in Glu(-) cells, even though cell death eventually occurs. Overall, the present study identifies basal ADP content and adenylate kinase as key determinants of bioenergetics during PARP-1 hyperactivation and unequivocally demonstrates that ATP loss is not metabolically related to NAD depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buonvicino
- From the Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy and
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Kong F, Binas B, Moon JH, Kang SS, Kim HJ. Differential expression of adenylate kinase 4 in the context of disparate stress response strategies of HEK293 and HepG2 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 533:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Amiri M, Conserva F, Panayiotou C, Karlsson A, Solaroli N. The human adenylate kinase 9 is a nucleoside mono- and diphosphate kinase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:925-31. [PMID: 23416111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenylate kinases regulate adenine nucleotide levels and are present in different intracellular compartments. These enzymes also participate in the activation of pharmacologically active nucleoside and nucleotide analogs. We have in the present study identified the ninth isoform of the adenylate kinase family of enzymes and accordingly named the protein adenylate kinase 9 (AK9). Initially a full-length cDNA of a hypothetical protein containing a predicted adenylate kinase domain was identified and subsequently cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The substrate specificity of the recombinant protein showed that the enzyme catalyzed the phosphorylation of AMP, dAMP, CMP and dCMP with ATP as phosphate donor, while only AMP and CMP were phosphorylated when GTP was the phosphate donor. The kinetic parameters of AK9 were determined for AMP, dAMP and CMP with ATP as phosphate donor. Interestingly, in addition to the diphosphate products, a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) activity was also present with subsequent triphosphates formed. With ATP or GTP as phosphate donor it was possible to detect the production of ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP, dATP, dCTP, dGTP and TTP as enzymatic products from the corresponding diphosphate substrates. A number of previously characterized adenylate kinases were also tested and found to possess a broad phosphotransferase activity similar to AK9. These enzymes are accordingly suggested to be regarded as nucleoside mono- and diphosphate kinases with catalytic activities possibly determined by local substrate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Amiri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institute, F68, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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Chen RP, Liu CY, Shao HL, Zheng WW, Wang JX, Zhao XF. Adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) promotes cell proliferation in insect development. BMC Mol Biol 2012; 13:31. [PMID: 23020757 PMCID: PMC3583204 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-13-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) is a phosphotransferase that catalyzes the reversible reaction 2ADP(GDP) ↔ ATP(GTP) + AMP and influences cellular energy homeostasis. However, the role of AK2 in regulating cell proliferation remains unclear because AK2 has been reported to be involved in either cell proliferation or cell apoptosis in different cell types of various organisms. Results This study reports AK2 promotion of cell proliferation using the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera and its epidermal cell line HaEpi as models. Western blot analysis indicates that AK2 constitutively expresses in various tissues during larval development. Immunocytochemistry analysis indicates that AK2 localizes in the mitochondria. The recombinant expressed AK2 in E. coli promotes cell growth and viability of HaEpi cell line by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. AK2 knockdown in larvae by RNA interference causes larval growth defects, including body weight decrease and development delay. AK2 knockdown in larvae also decreases the number of circulating haemocytes. The mechanism for such effects might be the suppression of gene transcription involved in insect development caused by AK2 knockdown. Conclusion These results show that AK2 regulates cell growth, viability, and proliferation in insect growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Ping Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, 250100, China
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Ma J, Rahlfs S, Jortzik E, Schirmer RH, Przyborski JM, Becker K. Subcellular localization of adenylate kinases in Plasmodium falciparum. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3037-43. [PMID: 22819813 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenylate kinases (AK) play a key role in nucleotide signaling processes and energy metabolism by catalyzing the reversible conversion of ATP and AMP to 2 ADP. In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum this reaction is mediated by AK1, AK2, and a GTP:AMP phosphotransferase (GAK). Here, we describe two additional adenylate kinase-like proteins: PfAKLP1, which is homologous to human AK6, and PfAKLP2. Using GFP-fusion proteins and life cell imaging, we demonstrate a cytosolic localization for PfAK1, PfAKLP1, and PfAKLP2, whereas PfGAK is located in the mitochondrion. PfAK2 is located at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, and this localization is driven by N-myristoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Ma
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Vogel P, Read RW, Hansen GM, Payne BJ, Small D, Sands AT, Zambrowicz BP. Congenital Hydrocephalus in Genetically Engineered Mice. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:166-81. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985811415708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that genetic factors play a role in the complex multifactorial pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. Identification of the genes involved in the development of this neurologic disorder in animal models may elucidate factors responsible for the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in hydrocephalic humans. The authors report here a brief summary of findings from 12 lines of genetically engineered mice that presented with autosomal recessive congenital hydrocephalus. This study illustrates the value of knockout mice in identifying genetic factors involved in the development of congenital hydrocephalus. Findings suggest that dysfunctional motile cilia represent the underlying pathogenetic mechanism in 8 of the 12 lines ( Ulk4, Nme5, Nme7, Kif27, Stk36, Dpcd, Ak7, and Ak8). The likely underlying cause in the remaining 4 lines ( RIKEN 4930444A02, Celsr2, Mboat7, and transgenic FZD3) was not determined, but it is possible that some of these could also have ciliary defects. For example, the cerebellar malformations observed in RIKEN 4930444A02 knockout mice show similarities to a number of developmental disorders, such as Joubert, Meckel-Gruber, and Bardet-Biedl syndromes, which involve mutations in cilia-related genes. Even though the direct relevance of mouse models to hydrocephalus in humans remains uncertain, the high prevalence of familial patterns of inheritance for congenital hydrocephalus in humans suggests that identification of genes responsible for development of hydrocephalus in mice may lead to the identification of homologous modifier genes and susceptibility alleles in humans. Also, characterization of mouse models can enhance understanding of important cell signaling and developmental pathways involved in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Vogel
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Texas
| | - R. W. Read
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Texas
| | - G. M. Hansen
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Texas
| | - B. J. Payne
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Texas
| | - D. Small
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Texas
| | - A. T. Sands
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Texas
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Dzeja PP, Chung S, Faustino RS, Behfar A, Terzic A. Developmental enhancement of adenylate kinase-AMPK metabolic signaling axis supports stem cell cardiac differentiation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19300. [PMID: 21556322 PMCID: PMC3083437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energetic and metabolic circuits that orchestrate cell differentiation are largely unknown. Adenylate kinase (AK) and associated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) constitute a major metabolic signaling axis, yet the role of this system in guiding differentiation and lineage specification remains undefined. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac stem cell differentiation is the earliest event in organogenesis, and a suitable model of developmental bioenergetics. Molecular profiling of embryonic stem cells during cardiogenesis revealed here a distinct expression pattern of adenylate kinase and AMPK genes that encode the AK-AMP-AMPK metabolic surveillance axis. Cardiac differentiation upregulated cytosolic AK1 isoform, doubled AMP-generating adenylate kinase activity, and increased AMP/ATP ratio. At cell cycle initiation, AK1 translocated into the nucleus and associated with centromeres during energy-consuming metaphase. Concomitantly, the cardiac AMP-signal receptor AMPKα2 was upregulated and redistributed to the nuclear compartment as signaling-competent phosphorylated p-AMPKα(Thr172). The cardiogenic growth factor TGF-β promoted AK1 expression, while knockdown of AK1, AK2 and AK5 activities with siRNA or suppression by hyperglycemia disrupted cardiogenesis compromising mitochondrial and myofibrillar network formation and contractile performance. Induction of creatine kinase, the alternate phosphotransfer pathway, compensated for adenylate kinase-dependent energetic deficits. CONCLUSIONS Developmental deployment and upregulation of the adenylate kinase/AMPK tandem provides a nucleocytosolic energetic and metabolic signaling vector integral to execution of stem cell cardiac differentiation. Targeted redistribution of the adenylate kinase-AMPK circuit associated with cell cycle and asymmetric cell division uncovers a regulator for cardiogenesis and heart tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petras P. Dzeja
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PPD); (AT)
| | - Susan Chung
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Randolph S. Faustino
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Atta Behfar
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andre Terzic
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PPD); (AT)
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Horiguchi T, Fuka M, Fujisawa K, Tanimura A, Miyoshi K, Murakami R, Noma T. <b>Adenylate kinase 2 deficiency limits survival and </b><b>regulates various genes during larval stages of </b><b><i>Drosophila melanogaster </i></b>. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2000. [DOI: 10.2152/jmi.40.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taigo Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Miyuki Fuka
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Yamaguchi University
| | - Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
- Center for Reparative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine
| | - Ayako Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Keiko Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Ryutaro Murakami
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Yamaguchi University
| | - Takafumi Noma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
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