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The explorations of dynamic interactions of paxillin at the focal adhesions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140825. [PMID: 35926716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paxillin is one of the most important adapters in integrin-mediated adhesions that performs numerous crucial functions relying on its dynamic interactions. Its structural behavior serves different purposes, providing a base for several activities. The various domains of paxillin display different functions in the whole process of cell movements and have a significant role in cell adhesion, migration, signal transmission, and protein-protein interactions. On the other hand, some paxillin-associated proteins provide a unique spatiotemporal mechanism for regulating its dynamic characteristics in the tissue homeostasis and make it a more complex and decisive protein at the focal adhesions. This review briefly describes the structural adaptations and molecular mechanisms of recruitment of paxillin into adhesions, explains paxillin's binding dynamics and impact on adhesion stability and turnover, and reveals a variety of paxillin-associated regulatory mechanisms and how paxillin is embedded into the signaling networks.
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2
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Ripamonti M, Wehrle-Haller B, de Curtis I. Paxillin: A Hub for Mechano-Transduction from the β3 Integrin-Talin-Kindlin Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852016. [PMID: 35450290 PMCID: PMC9016114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are specialized integrin-dependent adhesion complexes, which ensure cell anchoring to the extracellular matrix. Focal adhesions also function as mechano-signaling platforms by perceiving and integrating diverse physical and (bio)chemical cues of their microenvironment, and by transducing them into intracellular signaling for the control of cell behavior. The fundamental biological mechanism of creating intracellular signaling in response to changes in tensional forces appears to be tightly linked to paxillin recruitment and binding to focal adhesions. Interestingly, the tension-dependent nature of the paxillin binding to adhesions, combined with its scaffolding function, suggests a major role of this protein in integrating multiple signals from the microenvironment, and accordingly activating diverse molecular responses. This minireview offers an overview of the molecular bases of the mechano-sensitivity and mechano-signaling capacity of core focal adhesion proteins, and highlights the role of paxillin as a key component of the mechano-transducing machinery based on the interaction of cells to substrates activating the β3 integrin-talin1-kindlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ripamonti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan de Curtis
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ivan de Curtis,
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3
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Michael E, Polydorides S, Archontis G. Computational Design of Peptides with Improved Recognition of the Focal Adhesion Kinase FAT Domain. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2405:383-402. [PMID: 35298823 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1855-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe a two-stage computational protein design (CPD) methodology for the design of peptides binding to the FAT domain of the protein focal adhesion kinase. The first stage involves high-throughput CPD calculations with the Proteus software. The energies of the folded state are described by a physics-based energy function and of the unfolded peptides by a knowledge-based model that reproduces aminoacid compositions consistent with a helicity scale. The obtained sequences are filtered in terms of the affinity and the stability of the complex. In the second stage, design sequences are further evaluated by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations with a molecular mechanics/implicit solvent free energy function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Michael
- Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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4
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Cowell AR, Jacquemet G, Singh AK, Varela L, Nylund AS, Ammon YC, Brown DG, Akhmanova A, Ivaska J, Goult BT. Talin rod domain-containing protein 1 (TLNRD1) is a novel actin-bundling protein which promotes filopodia formation. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202005214. [PMID: 34264272 PMCID: PMC8287531 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin is a mechanosensitive adapter protein that couples integrins to the cytoskeleton. Talin rod domain-containing protein 1 (TLNRD1) shares 22% homology with the talin R7R8 rod domains, and is highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, although little is known about its function. Here we show that TLNRD1 is an α-helical protein structurally homologous to talin R7R8. Like talin R7R8, TLNRD1 binds F-actin, but because it forms a novel antiparallel dimer, it also bundles F-actin. In addition, it binds the same LD motif-containing proteins, RIAM and KANK, as talin R7R8. In cells, TLNRD1 localizes to actin bundles as well as to filopodia. Increasing TLNRD1 expression enhances filopodia formation and cell migration on 2D substrates, while TLNRD1 down-regulation has the opposite effect. Together, our results suggest that TLNRD1 has retained the diverse interactions of talin R7R8, but has developed distinct functionality as an actin-bundling protein that promotes filopodia assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Lorena Varela
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Anna S. Nylund
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - York-Christoph Ammon
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David G. Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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5
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Gough RE, Jones MC, Zacharchenko T, Le S, Yu M, Jacquemet G, Muench SP, Yan J, Humphries JD, Jørgensen C, Humphries MJ, Goult BT. Talin mechanosensitivity is modulated by a direct interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase-1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100837. [PMID: 34118235 PMCID: PMC8260872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin (TLN1) is a mechanosensitive component of adhesion complexes that directly couples integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. In response to force, talin undergoes switch-like behavior of its multiple rod domains that modulate interactions with its binding partners. Cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) is a key regulator of the cell cycle, exerting its effects through synchronized phosphorylation of a large number of protein targets. CDK1 activity maintains adhesion during interphase, and its inhibition is a prerequisite for the tightly choreographed changes in cell shape and adhesion that are required for successful mitosis. Using a combination of biochemical, structural, and cell biological approaches, we demonstrate a direct interaction between talin and CDK1 that occurs at sites of integrin-mediated adhesion. Mutagenesis demonstrated that CDK1 contains a functional talin-binding LD motif, and the binding site within talin was pinpointed to helical bundle R8. Talin also contains a consensus CDK1 phosphorylation motif centered on S1589, a site shown to be phosphorylated by CDK1 in vitro. A phosphomimetic mutant of this site within talin lowered the binding affinity of the cytoskeletal adaptor KANK and weakened the response of this region to force as measured by single molecule stretching, potentially altering downstream mechanotransduction pathways. The direct binding of the master cell cycle regulator CDK1 to the primary integrin effector talin represents a coupling of cell proliferation and cell adhesion machineries and thereby indicates a mechanism by which the microenvironment can control cell division in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Zacharchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shimin Le
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miao Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology Department, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ste P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claus Jørgensen
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
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CCM3 is a gatekeeper in focal adhesions regulating mechanotransduction and YAP/TAZ signalling. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:758-770. [PMID: 34226698 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The YAP/TAZ transcriptional programme is not only a well-established driver of cancer progression and metastasis but also an important stimulator of tissue regeneration. Here we identified Cerebral cavernous malformations 3 (CCM3) as a regulator of mechanical cue-driven YAP/TAZ signalling, controlling both tumour progression and stem cell differentiation. We demonstrate that CCM3 localizes to focal adhesion sites in cancer-associated fibroblasts, where it regulates mechanotransduction and YAP/TAZ activation. Mechanistically, CCM3 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mutually compete for binding to paxillin to fine-tune FAK/Src/paxillin-driven mechanotransduction and YAP/TAZ activation. In mouse models of breast cancer, specific loss of CCM3 in cancer-associated fibroblasts leads to exacerbated tissue remodelling and force transmission to the matrix, resulting in reciprocal YAP/TAZ activation in the neighbouring tumour cells and dissemination of metastasis to distant organs. Similarly, CCM3 regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. In conclusion, CCM3 is a gatekeeper in focal adhesions that controls mechanotransduction and YAP/TAZ signalling.
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Structural and functional analysis of LIM domain-dependent recruitment of paxillin to αvβ3 integrin-positive focal adhesions. Commun Biol 2021; 4:380. [PMID: 33782527 PMCID: PMC8007706 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The LIM domain-dependent localization of the adapter protein paxillin to β3 integrin-positive focal adhesions (FAs) is not mechanistically understood. Here, by combining molecular biology, photoactivation and FA-isolation experiments, we demonstrate specific contributions of each LIM domain of paxillin and reveal multiple paxillin interactions in adhesion-complexes. Mutation of β3 integrin at a putative paxillin binding site (β3VE/YA) leads to rapidly inward-sliding FAs, correlating with actin retrograde flow and enhanced paxillin dissociation kinetics. Induced mechanical coupling of paxillin to β3VE/YA integrin arrests the FA-sliding, thereby disclosing an essential structural function of paxillin for the maturation of β3 integrin/talin clusters. Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation unveils the spatial orientation of the paxillin LIM-array, juxtaposing the positive LIM4 to the plasma membrane and the β3 integrin-tail, while in vitro binding assays point to LIM1 and/or LIM2 interaction with talin-head domain. These data provide structural insights into the molecular organization of β3 integrin-FAs.
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Alam T, Alazmi M, Naser R, Huser F, Momin AA, Astro V, Hong S, Walkiewicz KW, Canlas CG, Huser R, Ali AJ, Merzaban J, Adamo A, Jaremko M, Jaremko Ł, Bajic VB, Gao X, Arold ST. Proteome-level assessment of origin, prevalence and function of leucine-aspartic acid (LD) motifs. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:1121-1128. [PMID: 31584626 PMCID: PMC7703752 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Leucine-aspartic acid (LD) motifs are short linear interaction motifs (SLiMs) that link paxillin family proteins to factors controlling cell adhesion, motility and survival. The existence and importance of LD motifs beyond the paxillin family is poorly understood. Results To enable a proteome-wide assessment of LD motifs, we developed an active learning based framework (LD motif finder; LDMF) that iteratively integrates computational predictions with experimental validation. Our analysis of the human proteome revealed a dozen new proteins containing LD motifs. We found that LD motif signalling evolved in unicellular eukaryotes more than 800 Myr ago, with paxillin and vinculin as core constituents, and nuclear export signal as a likely source of de novo LD motifs. We show that LD motif proteins form a functionally homogenous group, all being involved in cell morphogenesis and adhesion. This functional focus is recapitulated in cells by GFP-fused LD motifs, suggesting that it is intrinsic to the LD motif sequence, possibly through their effect on binding partners. Our approach elucidated the origin and dynamic adaptations of an ancestral SLiM, and can serve as a guide for the identification of other SLiMs for which only few representatives are known. Availability and implementation LDMF is freely available online at www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/ldmf; Source code is available at https://github.com/tanviralambd/LD/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Alam
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari Alazmi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Naser
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Franceline Huser
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaque A Momin
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Veronica Astro
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
| | - SeungBeom Hong
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Katarzyna W Walkiewicz
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Raphaël Huser
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal J Ali
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen Merzaban
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Adamo
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Łukasz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir B Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE), Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Saudi Arabia
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Michael E, Polydorides S, Promponas VJ, Skourides P, Archontis G. Recognition of LD motifs by the focal adhesion targeting domains of focal adhesion kinase and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2-beta: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations. Proteins 2020; 89:29-52. [PMID: 32776636 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2-beta (PYK2) are implicated in cancer progression and metastasis and represent promising biomarkers and targets for cancer therapy. FAK and PYK2 are recruited to focal adhesions (FAs) via interactions between their FA targeting (FAT) domains and conserved segments (LD motifs) on the proteins Paxillin, Leupaxin, and Hic-5. A promising new approach for the inhibition of FAK and PYK2 targets interactions of the FAK domains with proteins that promote localization at FAs. Advances toward this goal include the development of surface plasmon resonance, heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC-NMR) and fluorescence polarization assays for the identification of fragments or compounds interfering with the FAK-Paxillin interaction. We have recently validated this strategy, showing that Paxillin mimicking polypeptides with 2 to 3 LD motifs displace FAK from FAs and block kinase-dependent and independent functions of FAK, including downstream integrin signaling and FA localization of the protein p130Cas. In the present work we study by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations the recognition of peptides with the Paxillin and Leupaxin LD motifs by the FAK-FAT and PYK2-FAT domains. Our simulations and free-energy analysis interpret experimental data on binding of Paxillin and Leupaxin LD motifs at FAK-FAT and PYK2-FAT binding sites, and assess the roles of consensus LD regions and flanking residues. Our results can assist in the design of effective inhibitory peptides of the FAK-FAT: Paxillin and PYK2-FAT:Leupaxin complexes and the construction of pharmacophore models for the discovery of potential small-molecule inhibitors of the FAK-FAT and PYK2-FAT focal adhesion based functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Michael
- Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Vasilis J Promponas
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paris Skourides
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Mohanty P, Bhatnagar S. In Silico Screening to Identify Inhibitors of Growth Factor Receptor 2-Focal Adhesion Kinase Interaction for Therapeutic Treatment of Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020; 17:58-67. [PMID: 30869527 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2018.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase-growth factor receptor 2 (FAK-Grb2) protein-protein interaction is implicated in pathogenesis of stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy. The focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain of FAK unfolds to form a structural intermediate that interacts with a multibinding hot spot in the SH2 domain of Grb2. Disruption of the Grb2-FAT interaction is a therapeutic strategy for prevention of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. A pharmacophore was generated on the basis of structural and electrostatic properties of FAT bound to FAK using the Forge tool (Cresset). This pharmacophore was used as a query for Blaze server (Cresset) to screen a selectively enriched chemical library of 4,32,508 small molecules. The compounds selected were further filtered by hierarchical flexible docking approach using AutoDock v4. From the favorably docked compounds, five were selected on the basis of good adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties using SwissADME, MedChem Designer v.3, and MOLINSPIRATION. Stability of the binding mode of the inhibitors was further confirmed by molecular dynamic simulation study with AMBER v15 for a simulation time of 50 ns in aqueous environment. PM2307 was identified as the best inhibitor in terms of pharmacophoric features, dock score, and in silico ADMET analysis. The calculated binding affinity of PM2307 was better than that of the FAT-Grb2 complex as well as a previously reported small molecule inhibitor. PM2307 is also a quinolyl derivative sharing a similar scaffold with ofloxacin drugs, asserting its drug-like properties. Thus, it was proposed as a lead compound for development of drugs for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mohanty
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, India
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Spatial arrangement of LD motif-interacting residues on focal adhesion targeting domain of Focal Adhesion Kinase determine domain-motif interaction affinity and specificity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129450. [PMID: 31676296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine rich Aspartate motifs (LD motifs) are molecular recognition motifs on Paxillin that recognize LD-motif binding domains (LDBD) of a number of focal adhesion proteins in order to carry out downstream signaling and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In this study, we identified structural features within LDBDs that influence their binding affinity with Paxillin LD motifs. METHODS Various point mutants of focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) were created by moving a key Lysine residue two and three helical turns in order to match the unique conformations as observed in LDBDs of two other focal adhesion proteins, Vinculin and CCM3. RESULTS This led to identify a mutant of FAT domain of FAK, named as FAT(NV) (Asn992 of FAT domain was replaced by Val), with remarkable high affinity for LD1 (Kd = 1.5 μM vs no-binding with wild type) and LD2 peptides (Kd = 7.2 μM vs 63 μM with wild type). Consistently, the focal adhesions of MCF7 cells expressing FAK(NV) were highly stable (turnover rate = 1.25 × 10-5 μm2/s) as compared to wild type FAK transfected cells (turnover rate = 1.5 × 10-3 μm2/s). CONCLUSIONS We observed that the relative disposition of key LD binding amino-acids at LDBD surface, hydrophobic burial of long Leucine side chains of LD-motifs and complementarity of charged surfaces are the key factors determining the binding affinities of LD motifs with LDBDs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our study will help in protein engineering of FAT domain of FAK by modulating FAK-LD motif interactions which have implications in cellular focal adhesions and cell migration.
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12
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Yu M, Le S, Ammon YC, Goult BT, Akhmanova A, Yan J. Force-Dependent Regulation of Talin-KANK1 Complex at Focal Adhesions. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5982-5990. [PMID: 31389241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
KANK proteins mediate cross-talk between dynamic microtubules and integrin-based adhesions to the extracellular matrix. KANKs interact with the integrin/actin-binding protein talin and with several components of microtubule-stabilizing cortical complexes. Because of actomyosin contractility, the talin-KANK complex is likely under mechanical force, and its mechanical stability is expected to be a critical determinant of KANK recruitment to focal adhesions. Here, we quantified the lifetime of the complex of the talin rod domain R7 and the KN domain of KANK1 under shear-force geometry and found that it can withstand forces for seconds to minutes over a physiological force range up to 10 pN. Complex stability measurements combined with cell biological experiments suggest that shear-force stretching promotes KANK1 localization to the periphery of focal adhesions. These results indicate that the talin-KANK1 complex is mechanically strong, enabling it to support the cross-talk between microtubule and actin cytoskeleton at focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Shimin Le
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - York-Christoph Ammon
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences , University of Kent , Canterbury , United Kingdom
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute , National University of Singapore , Singapore
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences , National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Chakraborty S, Banerjee S, Raina M, Haldar S. Force-Directed “Mechanointeractome” of Talin–Integrin. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4677-4695. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soham Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Souradeep Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Manasven Raina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Shubhasis Haldar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
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14
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Integrin intracellular machinery in action. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:226-231. [PMID: 30853446 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix involves a surprisingly large number of intracellular proteins, the integrin-associated proteins (IAPs), which are a fraction of the total integrin adhesome. In this review we discuss how genetic approaches have improved our understanding of how each IAP contributes to integrin function, especially in the context of building a functional organism during development. We then begin the process of assembling IAP roles together into an integrated mechanism.
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15
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Liang M, Xie X, Pan J, Jin G, Yu C, Wei Z. Structural basis of the target-binding mode of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein in the regulation of focal adhesion dynamics. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5827-5839. [PMID: 30737283 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are specialized sites where intracellular cytoskeleton elements connect to the extracellular matrix and thereby control cell motility. FA assembly depends on various scaffold proteins, including the G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1), paxillin, and liprin-α. Although liprin-α and paxillin are known to competitively interact with GIT1, the molecular basis governing these interactions remains elusive. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of how GIT1 is involved in FA assembly by alternatively binding to liprin-α and paxillin, here we solved the crystal structures of GIT1 in complex with liprin-α and paxillin at 1.8 and 2.6 Å resolutions, respectively. These structures revealed that the paxillin-binding domain (PBD) of GIT1 employs distinct binding modes to recognize a single α-helix of liprin-α and the LD4 motif of paxillin. Structure-based design of protein variants produced two binding-deficient GIT1 variants; specifically, these variants lost the ability to interact with liprin-α only or with both liprin-α and paxillin. Expressing the GIT1 variants in COS7 cells, we discovered that the two PBD-meditated interactions play different roles in either recruiting GIT1 to FA or facilitating FA assembly. Additionally, we demonstrate that, unlike for the known binding mode of the FAT domain to LD motifs, the PBD of GIT1 uses different surface patches to achieve high selectivity in LD motif recognition. In summary, our results have uncovered the mechanisms by which GIT1's PBD recognizes cognate paxillin and liprin-α structures, information we anticipate will be useful for future investigations of GIT1-protein interactions in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Liang
- From the Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xingqiao Xie
- From the Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jian Pan
- From the Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gaowei Jin
- From the Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cong Yu
- From the Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen 518055, China; the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- From the Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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16
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Goult BT, Yan J, Schwartz MA. Talin as a mechanosensitive signaling hub. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3776-3784. [PMID: 30254032 PMCID: PMC6219721 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), mediated by transmembrane receptors of the integrin family, is exquisitely sensitive to biochemical, structural, and mechanical features of the ECM. Talin is a cytoplasmic protein consisting of a globular head domain and a series of α-helical bundles that form its long rod domain. Talin binds to the cytoplasmic domain of integrin β-subunits, activates integrins, couples them to the actin cytoskeleton, and regulates integrin signaling. Recent evidence suggests switch-like behavior of the helix bundles that make up the talin rod domains, where individual domains open at different tension levels, exerting positive or negative effects on different protein interactions. These results lead us to propose that talin functions as a mechanosensitive signaling hub that integrates multiple extracellular and intracellular inputs to define a major axis of adhesion signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Cell Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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17
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Naser R, Aldehaiman A, Díaz-Galicia E, Arold ST. Endogenous Control Mechanisms of FAK and PYK2 and Their Relevance to Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E196. [PMID: 29891810 PMCID: PMC6025627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its close paralogue, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2), are key regulators of aggressive spreading and metastasis of cancer cells. While targeted small-molecule inhibitors of FAK and PYK2 have been found to have promising antitumor activity, their clinical long-term efficacy may be undermined by the strong capacity of cancer cells to evade anti-kinase drugs. In healthy cells, the expression and/or function of FAK and PYK2 is tightly controlled via modulation of gene expression, competing alternatively spliced forms, non-coding RNAs, and proteins that directly or indirectly affect kinase activation or protein stability. The molecular factors involved in this control are frequently deregulated in cancer cells. Here, we review the endogenous mechanisms controlling FAK and PYK2, and with particular focus on how these mechanisms could inspire or improve anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Naser
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Aldehaiman
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Escarlet Díaz-Galicia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Stefan T Arold
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Gough RE, Goult BT. The tale of two talins - two isoforms to fine-tune integrin signalling. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2108-2125. [PMID: 29723415 PMCID: PMC6032930 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Talins are cytoplasmic adapter proteins essential for integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Talins control the activation state of integrins, link integrins to cytoskeletal actin, recruit numerous signalling molecules that mediate integrin signalling and coordinate recruitment of microtubules to adhesion sites via interaction with KANK (kidney ankyrin repeat-containing) proteins. Vertebrates have two talin genes, TLN1 and TLN2. Although talin1 and talin2 share 76% protein sequence identity (88% similarity), they are not functionally redundant, and the differences between the two isoforms are not fully understood. In this Review, we focus on the similarities and differences between the two talins in terms of structure, biochemistry and function, which hint at subtle differences in fine-tuning adhesion signalling.
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19
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Whitewood AJ, Singh AK, Brown DG, Goult BT. Chlamydial virulence factor TarP mimics talin to disrupt the talin-vinculin complex. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1751-1760. [PMID: 29710402 PMCID: PMC6001692 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin is a central component of mechanosensitive adhesive complexes that form between cells and the extracellular matrix. A myriad of infectious agents mimic vinculin binding sites (VBS), enabling them to hijack the adhesion machinery and facilitate cellular entry. Here, we report the structural and biochemical characterisation of VBS from the chlamydial virulence factor TarP. Whilst the affinities of isolated VBS peptides from TarP and talin for vinculin are similar, their behaviour in larger fragments is markedly different. In talin, VBS are cryptic and require mechanical activation to bind vinculin, whereas the TarP VBS are located in disordered regions, and so are constitutively active. We demonstrate that the TarP VBS can uncouple talin:vinculin complexes, which may lead to adhesion destabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David G Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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20
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Bouchet BP, Gough RE, Ammon YC, van de Willige D, Post H, Jacquemet G, Altelaar AM, Heck AJ, Goult BT, Akhmanova A. Talin-KANK1 interaction controls the recruitment of cortical microtubule stabilizing complexes to focal adhesions. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27410476 PMCID: PMC4995097 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between dynamic microtubules and integrin-based adhesions to the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in cell polarity and migration. Microtubules regulate the turnover of adhesion sites, and, in turn, focal adhesions promote the cortical microtubule capture and stabilization in their vicinity, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that cortical microtubule stabilization sites containing CLASPs, KIF21A, LL5β and liprins are recruited to focal adhesions by the adaptor protein KANK1, which directly interacts with the major adhesion component, talin. Structural studies showed that the conserved KN domain in KANK1 binds to the talin rod domain R7. Perturbation of this interaction, including a single point mutation in talin, which disrupts KANK1 binding but not the talin function in adhesion, abrogates the association of microtubule-stabilizing complexes with focal adhesions. We propose that the talin-KANK1 interaction links the two macromolecular assemblies that control cortical attachment of actin fibers and microtubules. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18124.001 Animal cells are organized into tissues and organs. A scaffold-like framework outside of the cells called the extracellular matrix provides support to the cells and helps to hold them in place. Cells attach to the extracellular matrix via structures called focal adhesions on the cell surface; these structures contain a protein called talin. For a cell to be able to move, the existing focal adhesions must be broken down and new adhesions allowed to form. This process is regulated by the delivery and removal of different materials along fibers called microtubules. Microtubules can usually grow and shrink rapidly, but near focal adhesions they are captured at the surface of the cell and become more stable. However, it is not clear how focal adhesions promote microtubule capture and stability. Bouchet et al. found that a protein called KANK1 binds to the focal adhesion protein talin in human cells grown in a culture dish. This allows KANK1 to recruit microtubules to the cell surface around the focal adhesions by binding to particular proteins that are associated with microtubules. Disrupting the interaction between KANK1 and talin by making small alterations in these two proteins blocked the ability of focal adhesions to capture surrounding microtubules. The next step following on from this work will be to find out whether this process also takes place in the cells within an animal’s body, such as a fly or a mouse. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18124.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Bouchet
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie E Gough
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - York-Christoph Ammon
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dieudonnée van de Willige
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Post
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Af Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Jr Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Zacharchenko T, Qian X, Goult BT, Jethwa D, Almeida TB, Ballestrem C, Critchley DR, Lowy DR, Barsukov IL. LD Motif Recognition by Talin: Structure of the Talin-DLC1 Complex. Structure 2016; 24:1130-41. [PMID: 27265849 PMCID: PMC4938799 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration requires coordination between integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and force applied to adhesion sites. Talin plays a key role in coupling integrin receptors to the actomyosin contractile machinery, while deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a Rho GAP that binds talin and regulates Rho, and therefore actomyosin contractility. We show that the LD motif of DLC1 forms a helix that binds to the four-helix bundle of the talin R8 domain in a canonical triple-helix arrangement. We demonstrate that the same R8 surface interacts with the paxillin LD1 and LD2 motifs. We identify key charged residues that stabilize the R8 interactions with LD motifs and demonstrate their importance in vitro and in cells. Our results suggest a network of competitive interactions in adhesion complexes that involve LD motifs, and identify mutations that can be used to analyze the biological roles of specific protein-protein interactions in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zacharchenko
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Devina Jethwa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Teresa B Almeida
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Igor L Barsukov
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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22
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Sathe AR, Shivashankar GV, Sheetz MP. Nuclear transport of paxillin depends on focal adhesion dynamics and FAT domains. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1981-8. [PMID: 27068537 PMCID: PMC4895192 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.172643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear transport of paxillin appears to be crucial for paxillin function but the mechanism of transport remains unclear. Here, we show that the nuclear transport of paxillin is regulated by focal adhesion turnover and the presence of FAT domains. Focal adhesion turnover was controlled using triangular or circular fibronectin islands. Circular islands caused higher focal adhesion turnover and increased the nuclear transport of paxillin relative to triangular islands. Mutating several residues of paxillin had no effect on its nuclear transport, suggesting that the process is controlled by multiple domains. Knocking out FAK (also known as PTK2) and vinculin caused an increase in nuclear paxillin. This could be reversed by rescue with wild-type FAK but not by FAK with a mutated FAT domain, which inhibits paxillin binding. Expressing just the FAT domain of FAK not only brought down nuclear levels of paxillin but also caused a large immobile fraction of paxillin to be present at focal adhesions, as demonstrated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) studies. Taken together, focal adhesion turnover and FAT domains regulate the nuclear localization of paxillin, suggesting a possible role for transcriptional control, through paxillin, by focal adhesions. Summary: We find that nuclear translocation of paxillin is tuned by focal adhesion maturation. This could provide a method for mechanosensing signals to be used by cells to control transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh R Sathe
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - G V Shivashankar
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543 IFOM-NUS Joint Research Laboratory
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411 IFOM-NUS Joint Research Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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23
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Mohanty P, Bhatnagar S. Structural basis of focal adhesion targeting domain-mediated signaling in cardiac hypertrophy. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:38-50. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1155067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mohanty
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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24
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Masdeu MDM, Armendáriz BG, Soriano E, Ureña JM, Burgaya F. New partners and phosphorylation sites of focal adhesion kinase identified by mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1388-94. [PMID: 27033120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) involves phosphorylation and multiple interactions with other signaling proteins. Some of these pathways are relevant for nervous system functions such as branching, axonal guidance, and plasticity. In this study, we screened mouse brain to identify FAK-interactive proteins and phosphorylatable residues as a first step to address the neuronal functions of this kinase. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we identified new phosphorylated sites (Thr 952, Thr 1048, and Ser 1049), which lie in the FAT domain; and putative new partners for FAK, which include cytoskeletal proteins such as drebrin and MAP 6, adhesion regulators such as neurabin-2 and plakophilin 1, and synapse-associated proteins such as SynGAP and a NMDA receptor subunit. Our findings support the participation of brain-localized FAK in neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Mar Masdeu
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neural Regeneration Group, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Armendáriz
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neural Regeneration Group, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neural Regeneration Group, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain; Vall d´Hebron Institute of Research, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Mariano Ureña
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neural Regeneration Group, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Burgaya
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neural Regeneration Group, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Cui X, Naveed H, Gao X. Finding optimal interaction interface alignments between biological complexes. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:i133-41. [PMID: 26072475 PMCID: PMC4765866 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation: Biological molecules perform their functions through interactions with other molecules. Structure alignment of interaction interfaces between biological complexes is an indispensable step in detecting their structural similarities, which are keys to understanding their evolutionary histories and functions. Although various structure alignment methods have been developed to successfully access the similarities of protein structures or certain types of interaction interfaces, existing alignment tools cannot directly align arbitrary types of interfaces formed by protein, DNA or RNA molecules. Specifically, they require a ‘blackbox preprocessing’ to standardize interface types and chain identifiers. Yet their performance is limited and sometimes unsatisfactory. Results: Here we introduce a novel method, PROSTA-inter, that automatically determines and aligns interaction interfaces between two arbitrary types of complex structures. Our method uses sequentially remote fragments to search for the optimal superimposition. The optimal residue matching problem is then formulated as a maximum weighted bipartite matching problem to detect the optimal sequence order-independent alignment. Benchmark evaluation on all non-redundant protein–DNA complexes in PDB shows significant performance improvement of our method over TM-align and iAlign (with the ‘blackbox preprocessing’). Two case studies where our method discovers, for the first time, structural similarities between two pairs of functionally related protein–DNA complexes are presented. We further demonstrate the power of our method on detecting structural similarities between a protein–protein complex and a protein–RNA complex, which is biologically known as a protein–RNA mimicry case. Availability and implementation: The PROSTA-inter web-server is publicly available at http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/prosta/. Contact:xin.gao@kaust.edu.sa
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Cui
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hammad Naveed
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Naveed H, Hameed US, Harrus D, Bourguet W, Arold ST, Gao X. An integrated structure- and system-based framework to identify new targets of metabolites and known drugs. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:3922-9. [PMID: 26286808 PMCID: PMC4673972 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation: The inherent promiscuity of small molecules towards protein targets impedes our understanding of healthy versus diseased metabolism. This promiscuity also poses a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry as identifying all protein targets is important to assess (side) effects and repositioning opportunities for a drug. Results: Here, we present a novel integrated structure- and system-based approach of drug-target prediction (iDTP) to enable the large-scale discovery of new targets for small molecules, such as pharmaceutical drugs, co-factors and metabolites (collectively called ‘drugs’). For a given drug, our method uses sequence order–independent structure alignment, hierarchical clustering and probabilistic sequence similarity to construct a probabilistic pocket ensemble (PPE) that captures promiscuous structural features of different binding sites on known targets. A drug’s PPE is combined with an approximation of its delivery profile to reduce false positives. In our cross-validation study, we use iDTP to predict the known targets of 11 drugs, with 63% sensitivity and 81% specificity. We then predicted novel targets for these drugs—two that are of high pharmacological interest, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the oncogene B-cell lymphoma 2, were successfully validated through in vitro binding experiments. Our method is broadly applicable for the prediction of protein-small molecule interactions with several novel applications to biological research and drug development. Availability and implementation: The program, datasets and results are freely available to academic users at http://sfb.kaust.edu.sa/Pages/Software.aspx. Contact:xin.gao@kaust.edu.sa and stefan.arold@kaust.edu.sa Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Naveed
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center
| | - Umar S Hameed
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deborah Harrus
- Inserm U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale and CNRS UMR5048, Universités Montpellier 1 & 2, Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- Inserm U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale and CNRS UMR5048, Universités Montpellier 1 & 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan T Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center
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27
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Walkiewicz KW, Girault JA, Arold ST. How to awaken your nanomachines: Site-specific activation of focal adhesion kinases through ligand interactions. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 119:60-71. [PMID: 26093249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the related protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta (Pyk2) are highly versatile multidomain scaffolds central to cell adhesion, migration, and survival. Due to their key role in cancer metastasis, understanding and inhibiting their functions are important for the development of targeted therapy. Because FAK and Pyk2 are involved in many different cellular functions, designing drugs with partial and function-specific inhibitory effects would be desirable. Here, we summarise recent progress in understanding the structural mechanism of how the tug-of-war between intramolecular and intermolecular interactions allows these protein 'nanomachines' to become activated in a site-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna W Walkiewicz
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France; Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefan T Arold
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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28
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Draheim KM, Li X, Zhang R, Fisher OS, Villari G, Boggon TJ, Calderwood DA. CCM2-CCM3 interaction stabilizes their protein expression and permits endothelial network formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:987-1001. [PMID: 25825518 PMCID: PMC4384732 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201407129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CCM2–CCM3 interactions protect CCM2 and CCM3 from proteasomal degradation, and both CCM2 and CCM3 are required for normal endothelial cell network formation. Mutations in the essential adaptor proteins CCM2 or CCM3 lead to cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), vascular lesions that most frequently occur in the brain and are strongly associated with hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, and other neurological disorders. CCM2 binds CCM3, but the molecular basis of this interaction, and its functional significance, have not been elucidated. Here, we used x-ray crystallography and structure-guided mutagenesis to show that an α-helical LD-like motif within CCM2 binds the highly conserved “HP1” pocket of the CCM3 focal adhesion targeting (FAT) homology domain. By knocking down CCM2 or CCM3 and rescuing with binding-deficient mutants, we establish that CCM2–CCM3 interactions protect CCM2 and CCM3 proteins from proteasomal degradation and show that both CCM2 and CCM3 are required for normal endothelial cell network formation. However, CCM3 expression in the absence of CCM2 is sufficient to support normal cell growth, revealing complex-independent roles for CCM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Draheim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Oriana S Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Giulia Villari
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 Department of Pharmacology and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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29
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Kadaré G, Gervasi N, Brami-Cherrier K, Blockus H, El Messari S, Arold ST, Girault JA. Conformational dynamics of the focal adhesion targeting domain control specific functions of focal adhesion kinase in cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:478-91. [PMID: 25391654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion (FA) kinase (FAK) regulates cell survival and motility by transducing signals from membrane receptors. The C-terminal FA targeting (FAT) domain of FAK fulfils multiple functions, including recruitment to FAs through paxillin binding. Phosphorylation of FAT on Tyr(925) facilitates FA disassembly and connects to the MAPK pathway through Grb2 association, but requires dissociation of the first helix (H1) of the four-helix bundle of FAT. We investigated the importance of H1 opening in cells by comparing the properties of FAK molecules containing wild-type or mutated FAT with impaired or facilitated H1 openings. These mutations did not alter the activation of FAK, but selectively affected its cellular functions, including self-association, Tyr(925) phosphorylation, paxillin binding, and FA targeting and turnover. Phosphorylation of Tyr(861), located between the kinase and FAT domains, was also enhanced by the mutation that opened the FAT bundle. Similarly phosphorylation of Ser(910) by ERK in response to bombesin was increased by FAT opening. Although FAK molecules with the mutation favoring FAT opening were poorly recruited at FAs, they efficiently restored FA turnover and cell shape in FAK-deficient cells. In contrast, the mutation preventing H1 opening markedly impaired FAK function. Our data support the biological importance of conformational dynamics of the FAT domain and its functional interactions with other parts of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gress Kadaré
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Gervasi
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Karen Brami-Cherrier
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Heike Blockus
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Said El Messari
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefan T Arold
- the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, and the Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier I & II, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France,
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30
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Vanarotti MS, Miller DJ, Guibao CD, Nourse A, Zheng JJ. Structural and mechanistic insights into the interaction between Pyk2 and paxillin LD motifs. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3985-4001. [PMID: 25174335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is a member of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) subfamily of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The C-terminal Pyk2-focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain binds to paxillin, an adhesion molecule. Paxillin has five leucine-aspartate (LD) motifs (LD1-LD5). Here, we show that the second LD motif of paxillin, LD2, interacts with Pyk2-FAT, similar to the known Pyk2-FAT/LD4 interaction. Both LD motifs can target two ligand binding sites on Pyk2-FAT. Interestingly, they also share similar binding affinity for Pyk2-FAT with preferential association to one site relative to the other. Nevertheless, the LD2-LD4 region of paxillin (paxillin(133-290)) binds to Pyk2-FAT as a 1:1 complex. However, our data suggest that the Pyk2-FAT and paxillin complex is dynamic and it appears to be a mixture of two distinct conformations of paxillin that almost equally compete for Pyk2-FAT binding. These studies provide insight into the underlying selectivity of paxillin for Pyk2 and FAK that may influence the differing behavior of these two closely related kinases in focal adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugendra S Vanarotti
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Darcie J Miller
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cristina D Guibao
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Amanda Nourse
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jie J Zheng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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31
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Wehrle-Haller B, Bastmeyer M. Intracellular signaling and perception of neuronal scaffold through integrins and their adapter proteins. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 214:443-60. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63486-3.00018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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