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Jiang M, Chen XH, Li H, Peng XX, Peng B. Exogenous L-Alanine promotes phagocytosis of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e49561. [PMID: 37943703 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria present a major threat to public health that urgently requires new drugs or treatment approaches. Here, we conduct integrated proteomic and metabolomics analyses to screen for molecular candidates improving survival of mice infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which indicate that L-Alanine metabolism and phagocytosis are strongly correlated with mouse survival. We also assess the role of L-Alanine in improving mouse survival by in vivo bacterial challenge experiments using various bacteria species, including V. parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Functional studies demonstrate that exogenous L-Alanine promotes phagocytosis of these multidrug-resistant pathogen species. We reveal that the underlying mechanism involves two events boosted by L-Alanine: TLR4 expression and L-Alanine-enhanced TLR4 signaling via increased biosynthesis and secretion of fatty acids, including palmitate. Palmitate enhances binding of lipopolysaccharide to TLR4, thereby promoting TLR4 dimer formation and endocytosis for subsequent activation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways and bacteria phagocytosis. Our data suggest that modulation of the metabolic environment is a plausible approach for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan-Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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2
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Garcia C, Andersen CJ, Blesso CN. The Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Immune Responses. Nutrients 2023; 15:3899. [PMID: 37764683 PMCID: PMC10535783 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a major role in the regulation of the immune system. Exogenous (dietary and microbial-derived) and endogenous (non-microbial-derived) lipids play a direct role in regulating immune cell activation, differentiation and expansion, and inflammatory phenotypes. Understanding the complexities of lipid-immune interactions may have important implications for human health, as certain lipids or immune pathways may be beneficial in circumstances of acute infection yet detrimental in chronic inflammatory diseases. Further, there are key differences in the lipid effects between specific immune cell types and location (e.g., gut mucosal vs. systemic immune cells), suggesting that the immunomodulatory properties of lipids may be tissue-compartment-specific, although the direct effect of dietary lipids on the mucosal immune system warrants further investigation. Importantly, there is recent evidence to suggest that lipid-immune interactions are dependent on sex, metabolic status, and the gut microbiome in preclinical models. While the lipid-immune relationship has not been adequately established in/translated to humans, research is warranted to evaluate the differences in lipid-immune interactions across individuals and whether the optimization of lipid-immune interactions requires precision nutrition approaches to mitigate or manage disease. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which lipids regulate immune responses and the influence of dietary lipids on these processes, highlighting compelling areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher N. Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (C.G.); (C.J.A.)
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3
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Chong SY, Wang X, van Bloois L, Huang C, Syeda NS, Zhang S, Ting HJ, Nair V, Lin Y, Lou CKL, Benetti AA, Yu X, Lim NJY, Tan MS, Lim HY, Lim SY, Thiam CH, Looi WD, Zharkova O, Chew NWS, Ng CH, Bonney GK, Muthiah M, Chen X, Pastorin G, Richards AM, Angeli V, Storm G, Wang JW. Injectable liposomal docosahexaenoic acid alleviates atherosclerosis progression and enhances plaque stability. J Control Release 2023; 360:344-364. [PMID: 37406819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease that is characterized by the accumulation of lipids and immune cells in plaques built up inside artery walls. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), which exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has long been purported to be of therapeutic benefit to atherosclerosis patients. However, large clinical trials have yielded inconsistent data, likely due to variations in the formulation, dosage, and bioavailability of DHA following oral intake. To fully exploit its potential therapeutic effects, we have developed an injectable liposomal DHA formulation intended for intravenous administration as a plaque-targeted nanomedicine. The liposomal formulation protects DHA against chemical degradation and increases its local concentration within atherosclerotic lesions. Mechanistically, DHA liposomes are readily phagocytosed by activated macrophages, exert potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and inhibit foam cell formation. Upon intravenous administration, DHA liposomes accumulate preferentially in atherosclerotic lesional macrophages and promote polarization of macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, resulting in attenuation of atherosclerosis progression in both ApoE-/- and Ldlr-/- experimental models. Plaque composition analysis demonstrates that liposomal DHA inhibits macrophage infiltration, reduces lipid deposition, and increases collagen content, thus improving the stability of atherosclerotic plaques against rupture. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) further reveals that DHA liposomes can partly restore the complex lipid profile of the plaques to that of early-stage plaques. In conclusion, DHA liposomes offer a promising approach for applying DHA to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques and attenuate atherosclerosis progression, thereby preventing atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis van Bloois
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chenyuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nilofer Sayed Syeda
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Jun Ting
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vaarsha Nair
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanzhe Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charles Kang Liang Lou
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ayca Altay Benetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Jia Ying Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Siying Tan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Ying Lim
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheau Yng Lim
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chung Hwee Thiam
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Donq Looi
- Bruker Daltonics, Bruker Singapore Pte. Ltd., 138671 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olga Zharkova
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas W S Chew
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, 119074 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Glenn Kunnath Bonney
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 119074 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 119074 Singapore, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, 119074 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119074 Singapore, Singapore; Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore, Singapore; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117609 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117593 Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Rojas I, Cárcamo CB, Defranchi Y, Jeno K, Rengel J, Araya M, Tarnok ME, Aguilar L, Álvarez G, Schmitt P, Brokordt K. A Diet Rich in HUFAs Enhances the Energetic and Immune Response Capacities of Larvae of the Scallop Argopecten purpuratus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081416. [PMID: 37106979 PMCID: PMC10135034 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive mortalities in farmed larvae of the scallop Argopecten purpuratus have been associated with pathogenic Vibrio outbreaks. An energetic trade-off between development-associated demands and immune capacity has been observed. Given that highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) are essential nutrients for larval development, we evaluated the effect of diets based on microalgae low and high in HUFAs (LH and HH, respectively) on the energetic condition and the immune response of scallop larvae. The results showed that the HH diet increased cellular membrane fluidity in veliger larvae. The routine respiration rate was 64% higher in the HH-fed veligers than in the LH-fed veligers. Additionally, the metabolic capacity tended to be higher in the HH-fed veligers than in the LH-fed veligers after the Vibrio challenge. After the challenge, the HH-fed veligers presented higher transcript induction of ApTLR (immune receptor) and ApGlys (immune effector) genes, and the HH-fed pediveligers presented higher induction of ApLBP/BPI1 (antimicrobial immune effector) gene, than the LH-fed larvae. Furthermore, the HH-fed veligers controlled total Vibrio proliferation (maintaining near basal levels) after the bacterial challenge, while the LH-fed veligers were not able to control this proliferation, which increased three-fold. Finally, the HH-fed larvae showed 20-25% higher growth and survival rates than the LH-fed veligers. Overall, the results indicated that the administration of a HH diet increases cell membrane fluidity and energy metabolic capacity, which in turn enhances immunity and the ability to control Vibrio proliferation. The administration of microalgae high in HUFAs would be a promising strategy for improving scallop larval production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Rojas
- Doctorado en Acuicultura, Programa Cooperativo Universidad de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
| | - Claudia B Cárcamo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
- Centro de Innovación Acuícola (AquaPacífico), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - Yohana Defranchi
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
| | - Katherine Jeno
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
- Centro de Estudios avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - José Rengel
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
- Laboratorio de Producción Primaria, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - Michael Araya
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas y otros Recursos Biológicos (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - María Elena Tarnok
- Laboratorio de Fotofísica y Espectroscopía Molecular, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile
| | - Luis Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Fotofísica y Espectroscopía Molecular, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Producción Primaria, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas y otros Recursos Biológicos (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Campus Guayacán, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2362807, Chile
| | - Katherina Brokordt
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
- Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Campus Guayacán, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Centro de Estudios avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
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5
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Zhu J, Wilding JP, Hu J. Adipocytes in obesity: A perfect reservoir for SARS-CoV-2? Med Hypotheses 2023; 171:111020. [PMID: 36742015 PMCID: PMC9889082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Research evidence suggests that adipocytes in obesity might facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication, for it was only found in adipose tissue of individuals with overweight or obesity but not lean individuals who died from COVID-19. As lipid metabolism is key to adipocyte function, and viruses are capable of exploiting and manipulating lipid metabolism of host cells for their own benefit of infection, we hypothesize that adipocytes could not only impair host immune defense against viral infection, but also facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication and assembly as a reservoir to boost the viral infection in obesity. The latter of which could mainly be mediated by SARS-CoV-2 hijacking the abnormal lipid metabolism in the adipocytes. If these were to be confirmed, an approach to combat COVID-19 in people with obesity by taking advantage of the abnormal lipid metabolism in adipocytes might be considered, as well as modifying lipid metabolism of other host cells as a potential adjunctive treatment for COVID-19.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Adipocyte
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERGIC, ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- LDs, lipid droplets
- Lipid metabolism
- Obesity
- S protein, spike protein
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- TAGs, triacylglycerols
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John P.H. Wilding
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Corresponding author
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6
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Wang N, Wang M, Jeevaratnam S, Rosenberg C, Ikezu TC, Shue F, Doss SV, Alnobani A, Martens YA, Wren M, Asmann YW, Zhang B, Bu G, Liu CC. Opposing effects of apoE2 and apoE4 on microglial activation and lipid metabolism in response to demyelination. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:75. [PMID: 36419137 PMCID: PMC9682675 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal lipid accumulation has been recognized as a key element of immune dysregulation in microglia whose dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia play essential roles in the clearance of lipid-rich cellular debris upon myelin damage or demyelination, a common pathogenic event in neuronal disorders. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a pivotal role in brain lipid homeostasis; however, the apoE isoform-dependent mechanisms regulating microglial response upon demyelination remain unclear. METHODS To determine how apoE isoforms impact microglial response to myelin damage, 2-month-old apoE2-, apoE3-, and apoE4-targeted replacement (TR) mice were fed with normal diet (CTL) or 0.2% cuprizone (CPZ) diet for four weeks to induce demyelination in the brain. To examine the effects on subsequent remyelination, the cuprizone diet was switched back to regular chow for an additional two weeks. After treatment, brains were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses to assess the myelination status, microglial responses, and their capacity for myelin debris clearance. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on the corpus callosum (CC) to address the molecular mechanisms underpinning apoE-mediated microglial activation upon demyelination. RESULTS We demonstrate dramatic isoform-dependent differences in the activation and function of microglia upon cuprizone-induced demyelination. ApoE2 microglia were hyperactive and more efficient in clearing lipid-rich myelin debris, whereas apoE4 microglia displayed a less activated phenotype with reduced clearance efficiency, compared with apoE3 microglia. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that key molecules known to modulate microglial functions had differential expression patterns in an apoE isoform-dependent manner. Importantly, apoE4 microglia had excessive buildup of lipid droplets, consistent with an impairment in lipid metabolism, whereas apoE2 microglia displayed a superior ability to metabolize myelin enriched lipids. Further, apoE2-TR mice had a greater extent of remyelination; whereas remyelination was compromised in apoE4-TR mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide critical mechanistic insights into how apoE isoforms differentially regulate microglial function and the maintenance of myelin dynamics, which may inform novel therapeutic avenues for targeting microglial dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Suren Jeevaratnam
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Cassandra Rosenberg
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Tadafumi C. Ikezu
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Francis Shue
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Sydney V. Doss
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Alla Alnobani
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Yuka A. Martens
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Melissa Wren
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Yan W. Asmann
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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7
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Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat SM, Karami N, Savardashtaki A, Butler AE, Rizzo M, Sahebkar A. The regulation of efferocytosis signaling pathways and adipose tissue homeostasis in physiological conditions and obesity: Current understanding and treatment options. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13487. [PMID: 35765849 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes in the resolution of acute inflammation that contribute to the clinical complications. The exact mechanisms underlying unresolved inflammation in obesity are not fully understood. Adipocyte death leads to pro-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages, stimulating additional adipocyte apoptosis. Thus, a complex and tightly regulated process to inhibit inflammation and maintain homeostasis after adipocyte apoptosis is needed to maintain health. In normal condition, a specialized phagocytic process (efferocytosis) performs this function, clearing necrotic and apoptotic cells (ACs) and controlling inflammation. For efficient and continued efferocytosis, phagocytes must internalize multiple ACs in physiological conditions and handle the excess metabolic burden in adipose tissue. In obesity, this control is lost and can be an important hallmark of the disease. In this regard, the deficiency of efferocytosis leads to delayed resolution of acute inflammation and can result in ongoing inflammation, immune system dysfunction, and insulin resistance in obesity. Hence, efficient clearance of ACs by M2 macrophages could limit long-term inflammation and ensue clinical complications, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This review elaborates upon the molecular mechanisms to identify efferocytosis regulators in obesity, and the mechanisms that can improve efferocytosis and reduce obesity-related complications, such as the use of pharmacological agents and regular exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Neda Karami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, 15503, Bahrain
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Nienaber A, Ozturk M, Dolman R, Blaauw R, Zandberg LL, van Rensburg S, Britz M, Hayford FEA, Brombacher F, Loots DT, Smuts CM, Parihar SP, Malan L. n-3 long-chain PUFA promote antibacterial and inflammation-resolving effects in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected C3HeB/FeJ mice, dependent on fatty acid status. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:384-397. [PMID: 33814018 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Non-resolving inflammation is characteristic of tuberculosis (TB). Given their inflammation-resolving properties, n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA) may support TB treatment. This research aimed to investigate the effects of n-3 LCPUFA on clinical and inflammatory outcomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected C3HeB/FeJ mice with either normal or low n-3 PUFA status before infection. Using a two-by-two design, uninfected mice were conditioned on either an n-3 PUFA-sufficient (n-3FAS) or -deficient (n-3FAD) diet for 6 weeks. One week post-infection, mice were randomised to either n-3 LCPUFA supplemented (n-3FAS/n-3+ and n-3FAD/n-3+) or continued on n-3FAS or n-3FAD diets for 3 weeks. Mice were euthanised and fatty acid status, lung bacterial load and pathology, cytokine, lipid mediator and immune cell phenotype analysed. n-3 LCPUFA supplementation in n-3FAS mice lowered lung bacterial loads (P = 0·003), T cells (P = 0·019), CD4+ T cells (P = 0·014) and interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0·001) and promoted a pro-resolving lung lipid mediator profile. Compared with n-3FAS mice, the n-3FAD group had lower bacterial loads (P = 0·037), significantly higher immune cell recruitment and a more pro-inflammatory lipid mediator profile, however, significantly lower lung IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-17, and supplementation in the n-3FAD group provided no beneficial effect on lung bacterial load or inflammation. Our study provides the first evidence that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation has antibacterial and inflammation-resolving benefits in TB when provided 1 week after infection in the context of a sufficient n-3 PUFA status, whilst a low n-3 PUFA status may promote better bacterial control and lower lung inflammation not benefiting from n-3 LCPUFA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arista Nienaber
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Robin Dolman
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Renee Blaauw
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Lizelle L Zandberg
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Simone van Rensburg
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Melinda Britz
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Frank E A Hayford
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Cornelius M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Suraj P Parihar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Linda Malan
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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9
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Role of EPA in Inflammation: Mechanisms, Effects, and Clinical Relevance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020242. [PMID: 35204743 PMCID: PMC8961629 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic inflammatory processes are linked with the continuous release of inflammatory mediators and the activation of harmful signal-transduction pathways that are able to facilitate disease progression. In this context atherosclerosis represents the most common pathological substrate of coronary heart disease, and the characterization of the disease as a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition is now validated. The biomarkers of inflammation associated with clinical cardiovascular risk support the theory that targeted anti-inflammatory treatment appears to be a promising strategy in reducing residual cardiovascular risk. Several literature data highlight cardioprotective effects of the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This PUFA lowers plasma triglyceride levels and has potential beneficial effects on atherosclerotic plaques. Preclinical studies reported that EPA reduces both pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines levels. Clinical studies in patients with coronary artery disease that receive pharmacological statin therapy suggest that EPA may decrease plaque vulnerability preventing plaque progression. This review aims to provide an overview of the links between inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors, importantly focusing on the role of diet, in particular examining the proposed role of EPA as well as the success or failure of standard pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
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10
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Assessment of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on COVID-19-Associated Risk Reduction. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2021; 32:50-64. [PMID: 34876760 PMCID: PMC8638948 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-021-00213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pooled evidence conveys the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and infectious disease. SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped mRNA virus, was also reported to interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present review explores the possible mode of action, immunology, and consequences of these polyunsaturated fatty acids during the viral infection. Polyunsaturated fatty acids control protein complex formation in lipid rafts associated with the function of two SARS-CoV-2 entry gateways: angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and cellular protease transmembrane protease serine-2. Therefore, the viral entry can be mitigated by modulating polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in the body. α-Linolenic acid is the precursor of two clinically important eicosanoids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, the members of ω-3 fats. Resolvins, protectins, and maresins derived from docosahexaenoic acid suppress inflammation and augment phagocytosis that lessens microbial loads. Prostaglandins of 3 series, leukotrienes of 5 series, and thromboxane A3 from eicosapentaenoic acid exhibit anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and platelet anti-aggregatory effects that may also contribute to the control of pre-existing pulmonary and cardiac diseases. In contrast, ω-6 linoleic acid-derived arachidonic acid increases the prostaglandin G2, lipoxins A4 and B4, and thromboxane A2. These cytokines are pro-inflammatory and enhance the immune response but aggravate the COVID-19 severity. Therefore, the rational intake of ω-3-enriched foods or supplements might lessen the complications in COVID-19 and might be a preventive measure. Graphic Abstract
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11
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Rosa Neto JC, Calder PC, Curi R, Newsholme P, Sethi JK, Silveira LS. The Immunometabolic Roles of Various Fatty Acids in Macrophages and Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168460. [PMID: 34445165 PMCID: PMC8395092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and lymphocytes demonstrate metabolic plasticity, which is dependent partly on their state of activation and partly on the availability of various energy yielding and biosynthetic substrates (fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids). These substrates are essential to fuel-based metabolic reprogramming that supports optimal immune function, including the inflammatory response. In this review, we will focus on metabolism in macrophages and lymphocytes and discuss the role of fatty acids in governing the phenotype, activation, and functional status of these important cells. We summarize the current understanding of the pathways of fatty acid metabolism and related mechanisms of action and also explore possible new perspectives in this exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Cesar Rosa Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- LIM-26, Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (P.C.C.); (J.K.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo 01506-000, Brazil;
| | - Philip Newsholme
- Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
| | - Jaswinder K. Sethi
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (P.C.C.); (J.K.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Loreana S. Silveira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
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12
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Hidalgo MA, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. Long Chain Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Cells Function: Contribution of FFA1 and FFA4 Receptors. Front Physiol 2021; 12:668330. [PMID: 34276398 PMCID: PMC8280355 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids are molecules that act as metabolic intermediates and constituents of membranes; however, their novel role as signaling molecules in immune function has also been demonstrated. The presence of free fatty acid (FFA) receptors on immune cells has contributed to the understanding of this new role of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in immune function, showing their role as anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory molecules and elucidating their intracellular mechanisms. The FFA1 and FFA4 receptors, also known as GPR40 and GPR120, respectively, have been described in macrophages and neutrophils, two key cells mediating innate immune response. Ligands of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors induce the release of a myriad of cytokines through well-defined intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the cellular responses and intracellular mechanisms activated by LCFAs, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in T-cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, as well as the role of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria D Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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13
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Saini S, Rai AK. Linoleic Acid-A Feasible Preventive Approach for Visceral Leishmaniasis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:649025. [PMID: 33718424 PMCID: PMC7952607 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.649025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Ambak Kumar Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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14
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Gutierrez LLP, Marques CV, Scomazzon SP, Schroeder HT, Fernandes JR, da Silva Rossato J, Homem de Bittencourt PI. A-family anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandins: A novel class of non-statin inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. Biochimie 2021; 182:37-50. [PMID: 33412161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the intracellular lipid balance leading to cholesterol accumulation is one of the features of cells that participate in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Evidence form our laboratory indicates that anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPGs) of A- and J-family deviate lipid metabolism from the synthesis of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters to the synthesis of phospholipids in foam-cell macrophages. cyPGs possessing an α,β-unsaturated cyclopentane ring are highly electrophilic substances able to promptly react with reactive cysteines of intracellular molecules through Michael addition. On the other hand, HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis, presents critically reactive cysteines at the entry of catalytic domain, particularly Cys561, that could be target of cyPG inhibition. In the present study, we showed that cyPGs (but not other non-α,β-unsaturated PGs) physically interact with HMGCR, in a dithiothreitol- and β-mercaptoethanol-sensitive way, and block the activity of the catalytic subunit of the enzyme (IC50 for PGA2 = 0.17 μM). PGA2 inhibits HMGCR activity in cultured rat and human macrophages/macrophage-foam cells and leads to enhanced expression of HMGCR protein, as observed with statins. In cell culture models, PGA2 effectively inhibits the reductase at non-toxic doses (e.g., 1 μM) that block cell proliferation thus suggesting that part of the well-known antiproliferative effect of PGA2 may be due to its ability of blocking HMGCR activity, as cells cannot proliferate without a robust cholesterogenesis. Therefore, besides the powerfully anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects, the anticholesterogenic effects of PGA2 should be exploited in atherosclerosis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Ludmila Paula Gutierrez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Claudia Vieira Marques
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sofia Pizzato Scomazzon
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - João Roberto Fernandes
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Juliane da Silva Rossato
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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15
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El Mohtadi M, Pilkington L, Liauw CM, Ashworth JJ, Dempsey-Hibbert N, Belboul A, Whitehead KA. Differential engulfment of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by monocyte-derived macrophages is associated with altered phagocyte biochemistry and morphology. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1372-1384. [PMID: 33192218 PMCID: PMC7658463 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of changes in macrophages following bacterial engulfment is limited. U937-derived macrophages were incubated with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Morphological and biochemical changes in macrophages following host-pathogen interactions were visualized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) respectively. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to assess the variability in the FTIR spectra. Following host-pathogen interactions, survival of S. aureus was significantly lower than P. aeruginosa (P<0.05) and cellular morphology of macrophages was different after incubation with S. aureus compared to P. aeruginosa. Following incubation with S. aureus macrophages were more globular and amorphous in shape whereas long linear pseudopodia were observed following incubation with P. aeruginosa. Distinct FTIR spectra were identified in macrophages post interaction with the different bacteria and PCA analysis demonstrated distinct biochemical differences in the phagocytes following engulfment of the bacteria, with > 99 % of variability in the FTIR spectra explained by the first two principal components. These findings demonstrated that there were clear morphological and biochemical changes in macrophages following engulfment of two different bacterial types suggesting that the biochemical components of the bacterial cell wall influenced the biochemical characteristics and hence the morphology of macrophages in distinct ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Mohtadi
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Lisa Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christopher M Liauw
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jason J Ashworth
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Nina Dempsey-Hibbert
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Amina Belboul
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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16
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Al-Khalaifah H. Modulatory Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immunity, Represented by Phagocytic Activity. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:569939. [PMID: 33195556 PMCID: PMC7536543 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.569939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lately, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have shown substantial importance in human and animal nutrition, especially those of the n-3 group. Development and optimal functioning of the immune system are directed affected by diet. These dietary fatty acids have an important impact on the health and immune competence of various species including human beings. They are essential for the modulation of immune responses in health and disease. Fatty acid composition of immune cells can be modulated by the action of dietary fats and the outcomes in the composition can produce functional effects on reactivity and functioning of immune cells in a short period. There are several mechanisms involved in impacting dietary fatty acids on immune function; however, lipid mediator synthesis from PUFAs is of great importance in terms of inflammation. The objectives of this article are reviewing studies on the impact of PUFA in the diet on phagocytosis of chickens, murine, rats, ruminants, and humans. It also sheds light on the possible mechanism by which this immunomodulation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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17
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Mezzetti M, Bionaz M, Trevisi E. Interaction between inflammation and metabolism in periparturient dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:S155-S174. [PMID: 32810244 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mezzetti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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18
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Chausse B, Kakimoto PA, Kann O. Microglia and lipids: how metabolism controls brain innate immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:137-144. [PMID: 32807643 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are universal sensors of alterations in CNS physiology. These cells integrate complex molecular signals and undergo comprehensive phenotypical remodeling to adapt inflammatory responses. In the last years, single-cell analyses have revealed that microglia exhibit diverse phenotypes during development, growth and disease. Emerging evidence suggests that such phenotype transitions are mediated by reprogramming of cell metabolism. Indeed, metabolic pathways are distinctively altered in activated microglia and are central nodes controlling microglial responses. Microglial lipid metabolism has been specifically involved in the control of microglial activation and effector functions, such as migration, phagocytosis and inflammatory signaling, and minor disturbances in microglial lipid handling associates with altered brain function in disorders featuring neuroinflammation. In this review, we explore new and relevant aspects of microglial metabolism in health and disease. We give special focus on how different branches of lipid metabolism, such as lipid sensing, synthesis and oxidation, integrate and control essential aspects of microglial biology, and how disturbances in these processes associate with aging and the pathogenesis of, for instance, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, challenges and advances in microglial lipid research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Chausse
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Pamela A Kakimoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Saini S, Rai AK. Linoleic Acid Inhibits the Release of Leishmania donovani Derived Microvesicles and Decreases Its Survival in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:406. [PMID: 32850500 PMCID: PMC7426612 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania (L.) donovani parasite in the Indian subcontinent. Macrophages (mϕ) are the harboring cells for parasite and their interactions dictate the pathogenesis of this disease. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are an integral part of the mϕ cell membrane and are derived from linoleic acid (LA), which is a principal essential fatty acid. Here, we have investigated the effect of the simultaneous presence of LA during L. donovani infection in mϕ. Treatment with LA suppresses the parasitic load in mϕ (kDNA expression) and promotes the Th-1 type immune response (IL-12, iNOS). However, no significant change in kDNA expressions was observed when L. donovani promastigotes were treated with LA. Intrigued by this observation, we explored mechanism(s) by which LA promoted the protective type immune response in infected mϕ. Interestingly, LA decreased the release of L. donovani derived extracellular vesicle later characterized as microvesicles. Moreover, these microvesicles were suppressive concerning their bias toward the Th-2 type of immune responses (IL-10, Arginase) in mϕ. We suggest that LA plays a protective role in the immune response against L. donovani infection by inhibiting the release to Leishmania derived microvesicles and thus promoting Th-1 type immune response in mϕ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ambak Kumar Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Ohashi Y, Tremel S, Masson GR, McGinney L, Boulanger J, Rostislavleva K, Johnson CM, Niewczas I, Clark J, Williams RL. Membrane characteristics tune activities of endosomal and autophagic human VPS34 complexes. eLife 2020; 9:58281. [PMID: 32602837 PMCID: PMC7326497 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid kinase VPS34 orchestrates diverse processes, including autophagy, endocytic sorting, phagocytosis, anabolic responses and cell division. VPS34 forms various complexes that help adapt it to specific pathways, with complexes I and II being the most prominent ones. We found that physicochemical properties of membranes strongly modulate VPS34 activity. Greater unsaturation of both substrate and non-substrate lipids, negative charge and curvature activate VPS34 complexes, adapting them to their cellular compartments. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) of complexes I and II on membranes elucidated structural determinants that enable them to bind membranes. Among these are the Barkor/ATG14L autophagosome targeting sequence (BATS), which makes autophagy-specific complex I more active than the endocytic complex II, and the Beclin1 BARA domain. Interestingly, even though Beclin1 BARA is common to both complexes, its membrane-interacting loops are critical for complex II, but have only a minor role for complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ohashi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley Tremel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn Robert Masson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren McGinney
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Boulanger
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia Rostislavleva
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Johnson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Roger L Williams
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Saini S, Kottarath SK, Dinda AK, Dube A, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Thakur CP, Bhat M, Rai AK. Preventive as well as therapeutic significances of linoleic acid in the containment of Leishmania donovani infection. Biochimie 2020; 175:13-22. [PMID: 32439363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
People suffering from malnutrition show compromised levels of ω-6 fatty acid and malnutrition is frequently observed among visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients as disease inflicts primarily the socioeconomic destitute communities. Dietary linoleic acid (LA, 18:2; ω-6 fatty acid) is the principal source of essential fatty acid and its derivatives i.e. eicosanoids possess immune-modulatory activities. However, its role in VL is not yet established. LA was measured in VL human subjects (serum) as well as in Leishmania(L.)donovani infected hamsters (serum and visceral organs). Organ-specific mRNA expressions of various enzymes of the LA metabolic pathway were measured in visceral organs of infected hamsters. Our findings showed a decrease in the concentrations of LA in the serum samples of VL patients, suggesting malnutrition among these patients. However, in L. donovani infected hamsters, its level was not altered in the early infection (15 days) and then increased at late infection (60 days). Importantly, the supplementation of LA restored the Th-1 type of immune response and significantly reduced the parasite load within infected macrophages in vitro. This protective response of LA was mediated through 5-lipoxygenase pathway not via the cyclooxygenase pathway. Preventive usage of LA to mϕ followed by L. donovani infection also showed the strengthening of Th-1 immune response and significantly fewer parasite loads. Our findings demonstrate the protective role of LA in the containment of the parasite load. Incorporating LA rich oils in daily food habits across highly inflicted regions may be a significant advancement towards the eradication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), Allahabad, 211004, India
| | - Sarath Kumar Kottarath
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anuradha Dube
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Amogh Anant Sahasrabuddhe
- Molecular & Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Madhusudan Bhat
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ambak Kumar Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), Allahabad, 211004, India.
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22
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Gollo AL, Tanobe VOA, de Melo Pereira GV, Marin O, Bonatto SJR, Silva S, de Barros IR, Soccol CR. Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of in vitro cultured Nidularium procerum, a bromeliad vulnerable to extinction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7008. [PMID: 32332902 PMCID: PMC7181841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the first phytochemical and biological characterization in treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma cells (H295R) of extracts from Nidularium procerum, an endemic bromeliad of Atlantic Forest vulnerable to extinction. Extracts of dry leaves obtained from in vitro-grown plants were recovered by different extraction methods, viz., hexanoic, ethanolic, and hot and cold aqueous. Chromatography-based metabolite profiling and chemical reaction methods revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, lipids, vitamins, among other antioxidant and antitumor biomolecules. Eicosanoic and tricosanoic acids, α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) and scutellarein were, for the first time, described in the Nidularium group. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts contained the highest phenolic content (107.3 mg of GAE.100 g-1) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, respectively. The immunomodulatory and antitumoral activities of aqueous extracts were assessed using specific tests of murine macrophages modulation (RAW 264.7) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against adrenocortical carcinoma cell line, respectively. The aqueous extract improved cell adhesion and phagocytic activities and phagolysossomal formation of murine macrophages. This constitutes new data on the Bromeliaceae family, which should be better exploited to the production of new phytomedicines for pharmacological uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Gollo
- Department of Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Valcineide O A Tanobe
- Department of Chemistry. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías - CUCEI. C.P.44430. Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Oranys Marin
- Department of Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Suzany Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe and Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ivan Ricardo de Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19001, Centro Politécnico, CEP, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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23
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Beavis J, Harwood JL, Coles GA, Williams JD. Synthesis of Phospholipids by Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089401400407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess the capacity of cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells to synthesize choline-containing phospholipids. The study compares the phospholipids secreted from cultured cells with those which we, and others, have identified in the dialysate of patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).PatientsCAPD effluent was collected from 8 patients who had been receiving CAPD treatment for at least 11 months and who had normal ultrafiltration.Cell CulturesUsing human omental tissue, homogeneous cultures of mesothelial cells were established.MethodsSynthesis of phospholipids by mesothelial cells was assessed following incubation with [methyl14C] choline chloride-a precursor capable of being in corporated into phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and sphingomyelin. Lipids from CAPD effluent, cultured cells, and cell medium were extracted in chloroform/methanol. Phospholipids were separated and identified by thin layer chromatography. Synthesis and secretion of PtdCho and other choline-containing lipids by the mesothelial cells were determined by β scintillation counting of the appropriate bands, while the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids was ascertained by gas liquid chromatography.ResultsSynthesis and secretion of PtdCho by mesothelial cells were observed during a 96-hour period. When maintained in medium replete with essential fatty acids, the fatty acid composition of the PtdCho synthesized by cultured mesothelial cells closely resembled that isolated from the peritoneal cavity.ConclusionThe demonstration of phospholipid secretion from mesothelial cells, with a fatty acid composition similar to the phospholipids isolated from peritoneal dialysate, lends added support to the hypothesis that the mesothelial cells are the source of the peritoneal phospholipids. As such they offer a useful experimental system in which to study peritoneal phospholipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Beavis
- Institute of Nephrology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - John L. Harwood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wales College Cardiff
| | - Gerald A. Coles
- Institute of Nephrology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Williams
- Institute of Nephrology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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24
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Alpha-linolenic acid enhances the phagocytic and secretory functions of alternatively activated macrophages in part via changes to the oxylipin profile. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 119:105662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Lian Z, Perrard XYD, Peng X, Raya JL, Hernandez AA, Johnson CG, Lagor WR, Pownall HJ, Hoogeveen RC, Simon SI, Sacks FM, Ballantyne CM, Wu H. Replacing Saturated Fat With Unsaturated Fat in Western Diet Reduces Foamy Monocytes and Atherosclerosis in Male Ldlr-/- Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:72-85. [PMID: 31619061 PMCID: PMC6991890 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil and nuts prevents cardiovascular disease in clinical studies, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We investigated whether the preventive effect of the diet could be due to inhibition of atherosclerosis and foamy monocyte formation in Ldlr-/- mice fed with a diet in which milkfat in a Western diet (WD) was replaced with extra-virgin olive oil and nuts (EVOND). Approach and Results: Ldlr-/- mice were fed EVOND or a Western diet for 3 (or 6) months. Compared with the Western diet, EVOND decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels but increased unsaturated fatty acid concentrations in plasma. EVOND also lowered intracellular lipid accumulation in circulating monocytes, indicating less formation of foamy monocytes, compared with the Western diet. In addition, compared with the Western diet, EVOND reduced monocyte expression of inflammatory cytokines, CD36, and CD11c, with decreased monocyte uptake of oxLDL (oxidized LDL [low-density lipoprotein]) ex vivo and reduced CD11c+ foamy monocyte firm arrest on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin-coated slides in an ex vivo shear flow assay. Along with these changes, EVOND compared with the Western diet reduced the number of CD11c+ macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and lowered atherosclerotic lesion area of the whole aorta and aortic sinus. CONCLUSIONS A diet enriched in extra-virgin olive oil and nuts, compared with a Western diet high in saturated fat, lowered plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, inhibited foamy monocyte formation, inflammation, and adhesion, and reduced atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Lian
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xiao-Yuan Dai Perrard
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xueying Peng
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P)
| | - Joe L Raya
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alfredo A Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (A.A.H, S.I.S.)
| | - Collin G Johnson
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Henry J Pownall
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (H.J.P.)
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (A.A.H, S.I.S.)
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (F.M.S.)
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention (C.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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26
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Valentine CJ, Dingess KA, Kleiman J, Morrow AL, Rogers LK. A Randomized Trial of Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation to Reduce Inflammation in Extremely Preterm Infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:388-392. [PMID: 31058771 PMCID: PMC6706290 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Maternal supplementation with 1000 mg/day docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) provides third trimester DHA accretion levels in breast milk for the preterm infant. We hypothesized that DHA supplementation to mothers providing breastmilk for extremely preterm infants would result in decreased inflammatory markers, in the infant. Mother/infant dyads (n = 27) were enrolled at birth and mothers were assigned to receive 200 or 1000 mg/day of DHA. Milk and plasma samples were analyzed for fatty acids and inflammatory markers. Decreases in inflammation were observed in both maternal and infant plasma and correlated with red blood cell (RBC) DHA levels. The fact that maternal DHA supplementation decreases infant markers of inflammation implies that DHA, delivered through breastmilk, has the potential to decrease inflammation in the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- CJ Valentine
- The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Reckitt Benckiser, Evansville, IN
- Central Ohio Newborn Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - KA Dingess
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Kleiman
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Center for Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH; and
| | - AL Morrow
- The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - LK Rogers
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
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27
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Di Cara F, Andreoletti P, Trompier D, Vejux A, Bülow MH, Sellin J, Lizard G, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Savary S. Peroxisomes in Immune Response and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163877. [PMID: 31398943 PMCID: PMC6721249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response is essential to protect organisms from infection and an altered self. An organism’s overall metabolic status is now recognized as an important and long-overlooked mediator of immunity and has spurred new explorations of immune-related metabolic abnormalities. Peroxisomes are essential metabolic organelles with a central role in the synthesis and turnover of complex lipids and reactive species. Peroxisomes have recently been identified as pivotal regulators of immune functions and inflammation in the development and during infection, defining a new branch of immunometabolism. This review summarizes the current evidence that has helped to identify peroxisomes as central regulators of immunity and highlights the peroxisomal proteins and metabolites that have acquired relevance in human pathologies for their link to the development of inflammation, neuropathies, aging and cancer. This review then describes how peroxisomes govern immune signaling strategies such as phagocytosis and cytokine production and their relevance in fighting bacterial and viral infections. The mechanisms by which peroxisomes either control the activation of the immune response or trigger cellular metabolic changes that activate and resolve immune responses are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Cara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Lab. Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Doriane Trompier
- Lab. Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Lab. Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Margret H Bülow
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Sellin
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Lab. Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Lab. Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Savary
- Lab. Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
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28
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Kuwata H, Nakatani E, Shimbara-Matsubayashi S, Ishikawa F, Shibanuma M, Sasaki Y, Yoda E, Nakatani Y, Hara S. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 participates in the formation of highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids in murine macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1606-1618. [PMID: 31376475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (ACSLs) are a family of enzymes that convert free long-chain fatty acids into their acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) forms. ACSL4, belonging to the ACSL family, shows a preferential use of arachidonic acid (AA) as its substrate and plays a role in the remodeling of AA-containing phospholipids by incorporating free AA. However, little is known about the roles of ACSL4 in inflammatory responses. Here, we assessed the roles of ACSL4 on the effector functions of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) obtained from mice lacking ACSL4. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that various highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA)-derived fatty acyl-CoA species were markedly decreased in the BMDMs obtained from ACSL4-deficient mice compared with those in the BMDMs obtained from wild-type mice. BMDMs from ACSL4-deficient mice also showed a reduced incorporation of HUFA into phosphatidylcholines. The stimulation of BMDMs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicited the release of prostaglandins (PGs), such as PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2α, and the production of these mediators was significantly enhanced by ACSL4 deficiency. In contrast, neither the LPS-induced release of cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-10, nor the endocytosis of zymosan or dextran was affected by ACSL4 deficiency. These results suggest that ACSL4 has a crucial role in the maintenance of HUFA composition of certain phospholipid species and in the incorporation of free AA into the phospholipids in LPS-stimulated macrophages. ACSL4 dysfunction may facilitate inflammatory responses by an enhanced eicosanoid storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kuwata
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Eriko Nakatani
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoko Shimbara-Matsubayashi
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishikawa
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Motoko Shibanuma
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Emiko Yoda
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakatani
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Hara
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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29
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Walter KR, Lin X, Jacobi SK, Käser T, Esposito D, Odle J. Dietary arachidonate in milk replacer triggers dual benefits of PGE 2 signaling in LPS-challenged piglet alveolar macrophages. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:13. [PMID: 30815256 PMCID: PMC6376662 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory infections challenge the swine industry, despite common medicinal practices. The dual signaling nature of PGE2 (supporting both inflammation and resolution) makes it a potent regulator of immune cell function. Therefore, the use of dietary long chain n-6 PUFA to enhance PGE2 effects merits investigation. Methods Day-old pigs (n = 60) were allotted to one of three dietary groups for 21 d (n = 20/diet), and received either a control diet (CON, arachidonate = 0.5% of total fatty acids), an arachidonate (ARA)-enriched diet (LC n-6, ARA = 2.2%), or an eicosapentaenoic (EPA)-enriched diet (LC n-3, EPA = 3.0%). Alveolar macrophages and lung parenchymal tissue were collected for fatty acid analysis. Isolated alveolar macrophages were stimulated with LPS in situ for 24 h, and mRNA was isolated to assess markers associated with inflammation and eicosanoid production. Culture media were collected to assess PGE2 secretion. Oxidative burst in macrophages was measured by: 1) oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification (via Seahorse), 2) cytoplasmic oxidation and 3) nitric oxide production following 4, 18, and 24 h of LPS stimulation. Results Concentration of ARA (% of fatty acids, w/w) in macrophages from pigs fed LC n-6 was 86% higher than CON and 18% lower in pigs fed LC n-3 (P < 0.01). Following LPS stimulation, abundance of COX-2 and TNF-α mRNA (P < 0.0001), and PGE2 secretion (P < 0. 01) were higher in LC n-6 PAM vs. CON. However, ALOX5 abundance was 1.6-fold lower than CON. Macrophages from CON and LC n-6 groups were 4-fold higher in ALOX12/15 abundance (P < 0.0001) compared to LC n-3. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates increased over 4 h following LPS stimulation (P < 0.05) regardless of treatment. Similarly, increases in cytoplasmic oxidation (P < 0.001) and nitric oxide production (P < 0.002) were observed after 18 h of LPS stimulation but were unaffected by diet. Conclusions We infer that enriching diets with arachidonic acid may be an effective means to enhance a stronger innate immunologic response to respiratory challenges in neonatal pigs. However, further work is needed to examine long-term safety, clinical efficacy and economic viability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-019-0321-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Walter
- 1Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina USA.,2Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
| | - Xi Lin
- 2Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
| | - Sheila K Jacobi
- 3Department of Animal Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - Tobias Käser
- 4Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
| | - Debora Esposito
- 1Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina USA.,2Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
| | - Jack Odle
- 2Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
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Ting HC, Chen LT, Chen JY, Huang YL, Xin RC, Chan JF, Hsu YHH. Double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids differentially regulate mitochondrial cardiolipin remodeling. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:53. [PMID: 30764880 PMCID: PMC6376731 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplemented fatty acids can incorporate into cardiolipin (CL) and affect its remodeling. The change in CL species may alter the mitochondrial membrane composition, potentially disturbing the mitochondrial structure and function during inflammation. METHOD To investigate the effect of the unsaturation of fatty acids on CL, we supplemented macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells with 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid (OA, 18:1), linoleic acid (LA, 18:2), α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3), γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3), and stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4). Mitochondrial changes in CL were measured through mass spectrometry. RESULT Our data indicated that OA(18:1) was the most efficient fatty acid that incorporated into CL, forming symmetrical CL without fatty acid elongation and desaturation. In addition, LA(18:2) and ALA(18:3) were further elongated before incorporation, significantly increasing the number of double bonds and the chain length of CL. GLA and SDA were not optimal substrates for remodeling enzymes. The findings of RT-qPCR experiments revealed that none of these changes in CL occurred through the regulation of CL remodeling- or synthesis-related genes. The fatty acid desaturase and transportation genes-Fads2 and Cpt1a, respectively-were differentially regulated by the supplementation of five unsaturated 18-carbon fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS The process of fatty acid incorporation to CL was regulated by the fatty acid desaturation and transportation into mitochondria in macrophage. The double bonds of fatty acids significantly affect the incorporation process and preference. Intact OA(18:1) was incorporated to CL; LA(18:2) and ALA(18:3) were desaturated and elongated to long chain fatty acid before the incorporation; GLA(18:3) and SDA(18:4) were unfavorable for the CL incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chi Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Tzu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jo-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Li Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rui-Cheng Xin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Fen Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Saidane O, Semerano L, Sellam J. Could omega-3 fatty acids prevent rheumatoid arthritis? Joint Bone Spine 2019; 86:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lindblom SC, Gabler NK, Dilger RN, Olson ZF, Loving CL, Kerr BJ. Influence of feeding thermally peroxidized soybean oil on oxidative status in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:545-557. [PMID: 29385464 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine whether feeding thermally processed peroxidized soybean oil (SO) induces markers of oxidative stress and alters antioxidant status in pig tissue, blood, and urine. Fifty-six barrows (25.3 ± 3.3 kg initial BW) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments containing 10% fresh SO (22.5 °C) or thermally processed SO (45 °C for 288 h, 90 °C for 72 h, or 180 °C for 6 h), each with constant air infusion rate of 15 liters/minute. Multiple indices of lipid peroxidation were measured in the SO including peroxide value (2.0, 96, 145, and 4.0 mEq/kg for 22.5, 45, 90, and 180 °C processed SO, respectively) and p-anisidine value (1.2, 8.4, 261, and 174 for 22.5, 45, 90, and 180 °C processed SO, respectively); along with a multitude of aldehydes. Pigs were individually housed and fed ad libitum for 49 d which included a 5 d period in metabolism crates for the collection of urine and serum for measures of oxidative stress. On day 49, pigs were euthanized to determine liver weight and analyze liver-based oxidative stress markers. Oxidative stress markers included serum, urinary, and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and urinary F2-isoprostanes (ISP) as markers of lipid damage; serum and liver protein carbonyls (PC) as a marker of protein damage; and urinary and liver 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2dG) as a marker of DNA damage. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity (CAT) were measured in liver, glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) was measured in serum and liver, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was measured in serum and urine as determinants of antioxidant status. Pigs fed 90 °C SO had greater urinary ISP (P = 0.02), while pigs fed the 45 °C SO had elevated urinary TBARS (P = 0.02) in comparison to other treatment groups. Pigs fed 45 °C and 90 °C SO had increased serum PC concentrations (P = 0.01) and pigs fed 90 °C SO had greater (P = 0.01) liver concentration of 8-OH-2dG compared to pigs fed the other SO treatments. Furthermore, pigs fed 90 °C SO had reduced serum GPx activity in comparison to pigs fed fresh SO (P = 0.01). In addition, pigs fed 180 °C SO had increased liver CAT activity (P = 0.01). Liver GPx and SOD or serum and urinary FRAP were not affected by dietary treatment. These results indicate that dietary peroxidized soybean oil induced oxidative stress by increasing serum PC while diminishing serum GPx, increasing urinary ISP and TBARS, and increasing 8-OH-2dG and CAT in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lindblom
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - R N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Z F Olson
- USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - C L Loving
- USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - B J Kerr
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA
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Saha S, Shalova IN, Biswas SK. Metabolic regulation of macrophage phenotype and function. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:102-111. [PMID: 29027220 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies in the last 20 years have given us a remarkable insight into the functional and phenotypic diversity of macrophages which reflects their integral role in host defence, homeostasis and pathogenesis. Mouse genetics, transcriptomic and epigenetic studies have provided an ontogenic and molecular perspective to the phenotypic diversity of these cells. Recently, metabolic studies have revealed the crucial role of metabolism and metabolites in shaping the phenotype and function of macrophages. Evidence pertaining to this aspect will be reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Saha
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Irina N Shalova
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Caron JP, Gandy JC, Brown JL, Sordillo LM. Docosahexaenoic acid-derived oxidized lipid metabolites modulate the inflammatory response of lipolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 136:76-83. [PMID: 29763660 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation has demonstrated beneficial effects in a number of inflammatory diseases. Increasingly, important contributions to its favorable effects are attributed downstream metabolites called docosanoids. Herein, we investigated the role of DHA-derived oxidized lipid metabolites on inflammatory mediator expression by RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Specifically, macrophage incorporation of DHA, and the resultant biosynthesis of selected pro-resolving docosanoids was quantified. Docosanoid effects on the expression of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated cultures was determined. Macrophages incorporated DHA in significant amounts. In the presence of DHA macrophages produced statistically significant amounts of several putative pro-resolving docosanoids compared to untreated controls. Among them, resolvins D1 and D2 and maresin 1 abrogated COX-2 and IL-1β gene expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In addition to these mediators, protectin DX inhibited LPS-stimulated macrophage expression of IL-6. Our results demonstrate that macrophages incorporate DHA in quantities sufficient for the biosynthesis of biologically-relevant concentrations of a number of pro-resolving docosanoids, certain of which modulate the inflammatory response of macrophages under conditions mimicking acute inflammation. These data provide further information on the mechanism(s) by which DHA exerts salutary effects on the inflammatory response of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Caron
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA
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Olszowski T, Gutowska I, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Łukomska A, Drozd A, Chlubek D. Cadmium Alters the Concentration of Fatty Acids in THP-1 Macrophages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:29-36. [PMID: 28600650 PMCID: PMC5808062 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid composition of human immune cells influences their function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of known toxicant and immunomodulator, cadmium, at low concentrations on levels of selected fatty acids (FAs) in THP-1 macrophages. The differentiation of THP-1 monocytes into macrophages was achieved by administration of phorbol myristate acetate. Macrophages were incubated with various cadmium chloride (CdCl2) solutions for 48 h at final concentrations of 5 nM, 20 nM, 200 nM, and 2 μM CdCl2. Fatty acids were extracted from samples according to the Folch method. The fatty acid levels were determined using gas chromatography. The following fatty acids were analyzed: long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFAs) palmitic acid and stearic acid, very long-chain saturated fatty acid (VLSFA) arachidic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and vaccenic acid, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. Treatment of macrophages with very low concentrations of cadmium (5-200 nM) resulted in significant reduction in the levels of arachidic, palmitoleic, oleic, vaccenic, and linoleic acids and significant increase in arachidonic acid levels (following exposure to 5 nM Cd), without significant reduction of palmitic and stearic acid levels. Treatment of macrophages with the highest tested cadmium concentration (2 μM) produced significant reduction in the levels of all examined FAs: SFAs, VLSFA, MUFAs, and PUFAs. In conclusion, cadmium at tested concentrations caused significant alterations in THP-1 macrophage fatty acid levels, disrupting their composition, which might dysregulate fatty acid/lipid metabolism thus affecting macrophage behavior and inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łukomska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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Griffiths HR, Gao D, Pararasa C. Redox regulation in metabolic programming and inflammation. Redox Biol 2017; 12:50-57. [PMID: 28212523 PMCID: PMC5312548 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism and redox state are intrinsically linked. In order to mount an adequate immune response, cells must have an adequate and rapidly available energy resource to migrate to the inflammatory site, to generate reactive oxygen species using NADPH as a cofactor and to engulf bacteria or damaged tissue. The first responder cells of the innate immune response, neutrophils, are largely dependent on glycolysis. Neutrophils are relatively short-lived, dying via apoptosis in the process of bacterial killing through production of hypochlorous acid and release of extracellular NETs. Later on, the most prevalent recruited innate immune cells are monocytes. Their role is to complete a damage limitation exercise initiated by neutrophils and then, as re-programmed M2 macrophages, to resolve the inflammatory event. Almost twenty five years ago, it was noted that macrophages lose their glycolytic capacity and become anti-inflammatory after treatment with corticosteroids. In support of this we now understand that, in contrast to early responders, M2 macrophages are predominantly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation for energy. During early inflammation, polarisation towards M1 macrophages is dependent on NOX2 activation which, via protein tyrosine phosphatase oxidation and AKT activation, increases trafficking of glucose transporters to the membrane and consequently increases glucose uptake for glycolysis. In parallel, mitochondrial efficiency is likely to be compromised via nitrosylation of the electron transport chain. Resolution of inflammation is triggered by encounter with apoptotic membranes exposing oxidised phosphatidylserine that interact with the scavenger receptor, CD36. Downstream of CD36, activation of AMPK and PPARγ elicits mitochondrial biogenesis, arginase expression and a switch towards oxidative phosphorylation in the M2 macrophage. Proinflammatory cytokine production by M2 cells decreases, but anti-inflammatory and wound healing growth factor production is maintained to support restoration of normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Griffiths
- Departments of Biochemical and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Dan Gao
- Life Sciences, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chathyan Pararasa
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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Takahashi R, Fujioka S, Oe T, Lee SH. Stable isotope labeling by fatty acids in cell culture (SILFAC) coupled with isotope pattern dependent mass spectrometry for global screening of lipid hydroperoxide-mediated protein modifications. J Proteomics 2017; 166:101-114. [PMID: 28735093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipid hydroperoxide-mediated modifications of proteins are receiving increasing attention because of their possible involvement in various degenerative diseases. These biological effects are attributed to the ability of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes to react with the nucleophilic sites of proteins. Here we describe a methodology involving metabolic labeling coupled with mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis that enables global screening of lipid hydroperoxide-mediated protein modifications in a cell system. The lipidome of MCF-7 cells was labeled by incubating the cells with 1.4μM [13C18]-linoleic acid (LA) until the LA to [13C18]-LA ratio became 1:1. This approach was termed SILFAC (stable isotope labeling by fatty acids in cell culture). Analysis of the cellular phospholipids indicated that [13C18]-LA was incorporated quantitatively. The labeled cells were subjected to oxidative stress using a calcium ionophore and l-ascorbic acid, which promote the generation of reactive aldehydes from cellular LA and [13C18]-LA. After protein extraction and digestion with trypsin, isotope pattern dependent MS was used to analyze peptides modified by 1:1 ratios of the 12C and 13C aldehyde isomers. Using the current methodology, we identified the major lipid hydroperoxide-mediated modifications to proteins in MCF-7 cells without the need for chemical labeling or further affinity purification. SIGNIFICANCE Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes (LPDAs) such as 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal and 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal can readily react with proteins and peptides to produce a variety of covalent modifications and cross-linkages, resulting in protein dysfunction and altered gene regulation. Various analytical approaches have therefore been developed to detect and characterize protein modifications mediated by LPDAs. However, most of the methods are not specific for LPDA modifications or designed for proteins modified by a target aldehyde. Here we describe the coupling of stable isotope labeling by fatty acids in cell culture (SILFAC) with an isotope pattern dependent MS-based proteomic strategy to provide a global screening tool for the identification of lipid hydroperoxide-mediated protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takahashi
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shuhei Fujioka
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Oe
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Seon Hwa Lee
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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Gonzalez-Silvera D, Guardiola FA, Cordero H, Cuesta A, Esteban MA, Martínez-López FJ, López-Jiménez JA. The short-term effects of farmed fish food consumed by wild fish congregating outside the farms. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:689-698. [PMID: 28341154 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We simulated in the laboratory the possible effects on fatty acids and immune status of wild fish arriving for the first time in the vicinity of a sea-cage fish farm, shifting their natural diet to commercial feed consumption, rich in fatty acids of vegetable origin. The flesh fatty acid profile of golden mullet specimens was altered after 2weeks of commercial feed consumption, showing an increase in fatty acids of vegetable origin. The serum peroxidase and bactericidal activities, and head-kidney leucocyte phagocytic capacity, increased after eight weeks of the new diet, while the respiratory burst activity decreased. The extent of these changes cannot be considered large enough to regard them as compromising the health status of fish. More research is needed in order to elucidate whether the rapid assimilation of the dietary fatty acids could harm the immune status of fish when feeding for longer periods than two months.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gonzalez-Silvera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - F A Guardiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - H Cordero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Cuesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M A Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Martínez-López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J A López-Jiménez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Mosquera-Restrepo SF, Caro AC, García LF, Peláez-Jaramillo CA, Rojas M. Fatty acid derivative, chemokine, and cytokine profiles in exhaled breath condensates can differentiate adult and children paucibacillary tuberculosis patients. J Breath Res 2017; 11:016003. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/11/1/016003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Waitzberg DL, Torrinhas RS, Jacintho TM. New Parenteral Lipid Emulsions for Clinical Use. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2017; 30:351-67. [PMID: 16804134 DOI: 10.1177/0148607106030004351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Routine use of parenteral lipid emulsions (LE) in clinical practice began in 1961, with the development of soybean oil (SO) - based LE. Although clinically safe, experimental reports indicated that SO-based LE could exert a negative influence on immunological functions. Those findings were related to its absolute and relative excess of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the low amount of omega-3 PUFA and also to its high PUFA content with an increased peroxidation risk. This motivated the development of new LE basically designed along the reduction of omega-6 PUFA and the omega-3 PUFA addition in order to obtain balanced levels of the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. The new LE for clinical use (available in Europe and South America) are differentiated by their content in polyunsaturated (omega-6 and omega-3), monounsaturated, and saturated fatty acids (FA), as well as FA source of their origin, including soy, coconut, olive, and fish oil. This article presents the new LE nutrition and energy functions but also its biochemical, metabolic, and immunomodulating aspects, according to their FA content. LE at 20% when infused from 1.0 to 2.0 g/kg body weight/day rates, either alone or in association with amino acids and glucose, are safe and well tolerated in routine clinical practice. LE combining SO with medium-chain triglycerides and/or olive oil have less omega-6 PUFA and are better metabolized, with less inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects than in relation to pure SO-based LE. The omega-3 PUFA used alone or as component of a new and complex LE (soy, MCT, olive and fish oil) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan L Waitzberg
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Distúrbios Esfincterianos of University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Division, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lee ES, Kim SH. Fabrication of size-controlled linoleic acid particles and evaluation of their in-vitro lipotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:50-61. [PMID: 27939595 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biological activities of fatty acids (FAs) can differ with size even for lipids of similar compositions. The aim of this study was to develop size-controlled FA particles and to evaluate their toxicity as a function of size. Well-stabilized nano- and microscale linoleic acid (LA) were fabricated based on specific physical factors. Then, resulting LAs were characterized by size distribution, surface charge, assembly structure, composition, and serum effects. The sizes of the nano- (LAnano) and microscale (LAmicro) LAs, determined by electron microscopy, were 109 nm and 12 μm, respectively. LAnano, a multilamellar structure as determined by cryo-electron microscopy, was rapidly internalized into cells via free fatty acid receptor 3. After internalization, LAnano, but not LAmicro, induced nuclear translocation of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). Translocation of FABP4 into the nucleus then induced expression of the FA metabolism-related genes InsR and AdipoR1. Their expression was significantly increased in the presence of only LAnano. Cytotoxicity was also significantly increased in cells treated with LAnano, but not LAmicro, as indicated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress markers CHOP and GRP78. Therefore, our results demonstrated that FAs with the same composition but varying in size can cause different cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Soo Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hwa Kim
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea; Center for Nanosafety Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 341-113, Republic of Korea.
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Schiessel DL, Yamazaki RK, Kryczyk M, Coelho de Castro I, Yamaguchi AA, Pequito DCT, Brito GAP, Borghetti G, Aikawa J, Nunes EA, Naliwaiko K, Fernandes LC. Does Oil Rich in Alpha-Linolenic Fatty Acid Cause the Same Immune Modulation as Fish Oil in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats? Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1369-1380. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1224364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Seemork J, Sansureerungsikul T, Sathornsantikun K, Sinthusake T, Shigyou K, Tree-Udom T, Jiangchareon B, Chiablaem K, Lirdprapamongkol K, Svasti J, Hamada T, Palaga T, Wanichwecharungruang S. Penetration of Oxidized Carbon Nanospheres through Lipid Bilayer Membrane: Comparison to Graphene Oxide and Oxidized Carbon Nanotubes, and Effects of pH and Membrane Composition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:23549-57. [PMID: 27404585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that the ability of oxidized carbon particles to penetrate phospholipid bilayer membrane varies with the particle shapes, chemical functionalities on the particle surface, lipid compositions of the membrane and pH conditions. Among the similar surface charged oxidized carbon particles of spherical (oxidized carbon nanosphere, OCS), tubular (oxidized carbon nanotube, OCT), and sheet (oxidized graphene sheet, OGSh) morphologies, OCS possesses the highest levels of adhesion to lipid bilayer membrane and penetration into the cell-sized liposome. OCS preferably binds better to the disordered lipid bilayer membrane (consisting of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine) as compared to the ordered membrane (consisting of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol). The process of OCS-induced leak on the membrane is pH responsive and most pronounced under an acidic condition. Covalently decorating the OCS's surface with poly(ethylene oxide) or (2-aminoethyl)trimethylammonium moieties decreases its ability to interact with the membrane. When used as carriers, OCSs can deliver curcumin into nucleus of A549 human lung cancer and human embryonic kidney cells, in contrast, curcumin molecules delivered by OCTs remain in the cytoplasm. OGShs cannot significantly enter cells and cannot induce noticeable cellular uptake of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kazuki Shigyou
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | | | | | - Khajeelak Chiablaem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute , Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute , Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Tsutomu Hamada
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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Yum HW, Na HK, Surh YJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of docosahexaenoic acid: Implications for its cancer chemopreventive potential. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:141-159. [PMID: 27546289 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The implication of inflammatory tissue damage in pathophysiology of human cancer as well as some metabolic disorders has been under intense investigation. Numerous studies have identified a series of critical signaling molecules involved in cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli. These include nuclear factor κB, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. The proper regulation of these transcription factors mediating pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling hence provides an important strategy for the chemoprevention of inflammation-associated cancer. There is compelling evidence supporting that dietary supplementation with fish oil-derived ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ameliorates symptomatic inflammation associated with cancer as well as other divergent human disorders. Acute or physiologic inflammation is an essential body's first line of defence to microbial infection and tissue injuries, but it must be properly completed by a process termed 'resolution'. Failure of resolution mechanisms can result in persistence of inflammation, leading to chronic inflammatory conditions and related malignancies. The phagocytic engulfment of apoptotic neutrophils and clearance of their potentially histotoxic contents by macrophages, called efferocytosis is an essential component in resolving inflammation. Of note, DHA is a precursor of endogenous proresolving lipid mediators which regulate the leukocyte trafficking and recruitment and thereby facilitate efferocytosis. Therefore, DHA and its metabolites may have a preventive potential in the management of human cancer which arises as a consequence of impaired resolution of inflammation as well as chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Yum
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
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COX-2, aspirin and metabolism of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and their physiological and clinical significance. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:116-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Martínez-Micaelo N, González-Abuín N, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Blay M. Dietary fatty acid composition is sensed by the NLRP3 inflammasome: omega-3 fatty acid (DHA) prevents NLRP3 activation in human macrophages. Food Funct 2016; 7:3480-7. [PMID: 27405925 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00477f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is considered to be a pivotal host platform responsible for sensing of exogenous and endogenous danger signals, including those generated as a result of metabolic dysregulation, and for the subsequent, IL-1β-mediated orchestration of inflammatory and innate immunity responses. In this way, although the molecular link between diet-induced obesity and inflammasome activation is still unclear, free fatty acids (FFA) have been proposed as a triggering event. We report that dietary fatty acid (FA) composition is sensed by the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages. For this purpose, we have analysed three roles of FA supplementation: as a priming signal for ATP-activated macrophages, in determining where the administration of dietary FAs interferes with LPS-mediated inflammasome activation and by inducing inflammasome activation per se. In this study, we confirm that saturated (SFAs) activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulated the secretion of the IL-1β cytokine, while PUFAs were mainly inhibitors. Moreover, in general, DHA (n-3 PUFA) was more effective in preventing inflammasome activation than arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Martínez-Micaelo
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain.
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Gandra JR, Barletta RV, Mingoti RD, Verdurico LC, Freitas JE, Oliveira LJ, Takiya CS, Kfoury JR, Wiltbank MC, Renno FP. Effects of whole flaxseed, raw soybeans, and calcium salts of fatty acids on measures of cellular immune function of transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4590-4606. [PMID: 27060809 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental n-3 and n-6 fatty acid (FA) sources on cellular immune function of transition dairy cows. Animals were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 diets: control (n=11); whole flaxseed (n-3 FA source; n=11), 60 and 80g/kg of whole flaxseed [diet dry matter (DM) basis] during pre- and postpartum, respectively; whole raw soybeans (n-6 FA source; n=10), 120 and 160g/kg of whole raw soybeans (diet DM basis) during pre- and postpartum, respectively; and calcium salts of unsaturated FA (Megalac-E, n-6 FA source; n=10), 24 and 32g/kg of calcium salts of unsaturated FA (diet DM basis) during pre- and postpartum, respectively. Supplemental FA did not alter DM intake and milk yield but increased energy balance during the postpartum period. Diets containing n-3 and n-6 FA sources increased phagocytosis capacity of leukocytes and monocytes and phagocytosis activity of monocytes. Furthermore, n-3 FA source increased phagocytic capacity of leukocytes and neutrophils and increased phagocytic activity in monocytes and neutrophils when compared with n-6 FA sources. Supplemental FA effects on adaptive immune system included increased percentage of T-helper cells, T-cytotoxic cells, cells that expressed IL-2 receptors, and CD62 adhesion molecules. The results of this study suggest that unsaturated FA can modulate innate and adaptive cellular immunity and trigger a proinflammatory response. The n-3 FA seems to have a greater effect on phagocytic capacity and activity of leukocytes when compared with n-6 FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Gandra
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - R V Barletta
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, Brazil
| | - R D Mingoti
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - L C Verdurico
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - J E Freitas
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - L J Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 110910, Brazil
| | - C S Takiya
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - J R Kfoury
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, Brazil
| | - F P Renno
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil; Bursar 1-C of National Council for Technological, 71605-001, Brasilia, Brazil.
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DHA Suppresses Primary Macrophage Inflammatory Responses via Notch 1/ Jagged 1 Signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22276. [PMID: 26940787 PMCID: PMC4778022 DOI: 10.1038/srep22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent macrophages were observed in the lungs of murine offspring exposed to maternal LPS and neonatal hyperoxia. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation prevented the accumulation of macrophages and improved lung development. We hypothesized that these macrophages are responsible for pathologies observed in this model and the effects of DHA supplementation. Primary macrophages were isolated from adult mice fed standard chow, control diets, or DHA supplemented diets. Macrophages were exposed to hyperoxia (O2) for 24 h and LPS for 6 h or 24 h. Our data demonstrate significant attenuation of Notch 1 and Jagged 1 protein levels in response to DHA supplementation in vivo but similar results were not evident in macrophages isolated from mice fed standard chow and supplemented with DHA in vitro. Co-culture of activated macrophages with MLE12 epithelial cells resulted in the release of high mobility group box 1 and leukotriene B4 from the epithelial cells and this release was attenuated by DHA supplementation. Collectively, our data indicate that long term supplementation with DHA as observed in vivo, resulted in deceased Notch 1/Jagged 1 protein expression however, DHA supplementation in vitro was sufficient to suppress release LTB4 and to protect epithelial cells in co-culture.
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Mosquera-Restrepo SF, Caro AC, Peláez-Jaramillo CA, Rojas M. Mononuclear phagocyte accumulates a stearic acid derivative during differentiation into macrophages. Effects of stearic acid on macrophage differentiation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis control. Cell Immunol 2016; 303:24-33. [PMID: 26932544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of monocytes changes substantially during differentiation into macrophages, increasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids. These changes prompted us to investigate whether fatty acid accumulation in the extracellular milieu could affect the differentiation of bystander mononuclear phagocytes. An esterified fatty acid derivative, stearate, was the only fatty acid that significantly increased in macrophage supernatants, and there were higher levels when cells differentiated in the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv or purified protein derivative (PPD). Exogenous stearic acid enhanced the expression of HLA-DR and CD64; there was also accumulation of IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-1 α and β and a reduction in MCP-1 and the bacterial load. These results suggested that during differentiation, a derivative of stearic acid, which promotes the process as well as the effector mechanisms of phagocytes against the mycobacterium, accumulates in the cell supernatants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fabián Mosquera-Restrepo
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIG), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana Cecilia Caro
- Grupo Insterdisciplinario de Estudios Moleculares (GIEM), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Alberto Peláez-Jaramillo
- Grupo Insterdisciplinario de Estudios Moleculares (GIEM), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIG), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Unidad de Citometría de Flujo, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Poggi P, Mirabella R, Neri S, Assirelli E, Dolzani P, Mariani E, Calder PC, Chatgilialoglu A. Membrane fatty acid heterogeneity of leukocyte classes is altered during in vitro cultivation but can be restored with ad-hoc lipid supplementation. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:165. [PMID: 26703000 PMCID: PMC4690394 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cell membrane is a primary and fundamental player in most cellular processes, and fatty acids form a major structural component of cell membranes. The aim of this study was to compare the membrane fatty acid profiles of different human blood leukocytes and selected cell lines, to identify the effects of in vitro culture on fatty acid profiles, and to test medium supplements for their effect on fatty acid profiles. Methods Different classes of leukocytes were isolated from human blood and their membrane fatty acid profiles were analysed and compared. After culturing in vitro immortalised and primary leukocytes, membrane fatty acids were analysed and compared. Finally, different lipid formulations were developed and used for supplementing leukocytes in vitro in an effort to maintain the in vivo fatty acid profile. Descriptive and analytical tests were performed to compare the obtained fatty acid profiles. Results Membrane fatty acid profiles of primary human CD4+ T-lymphocytes, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and monocytes differed. Moreover, there were differences among Jurkat, Raji and THP-1 cell lines and the corresponding primary leukocyte classes, as well as between freshly prepared and in vitro cultured primary lymphocytes. A lipid supplement was able to maintain cultured Jurkat cells with a membrane fatty acid profile almost identical to that of the primary CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Finally, variations in the lipid supplement composition enabled the development of Jurkat cells with different membrane fatty acid profiles characterising different physiological or pathological human conditions. Conclusions Each leukocyte class has its own specific membrane fatty acid profile in vivo. Cultured primary leukocytes and immortalized leukocytic cells display different membrane fatty acid profiles when compared to their respective in vivo counterparts. The membrane fatty acid composition of cultured cells can be restored to reflect that of the corresponding in vivo condition through use of optimised lipid supplementation. Typical physiological or pathological leukocyte membrane fatty acid profiles can be obtained by tuning in vitro fatty acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Poggi
- Remembrane Srl, via Selice 84/A, 40026, Imola, Italy.
| | | | - Simona Neri
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisa Assirelli
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paolo Dolzani
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Erminia Mariani
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. .,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK. .,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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