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Wang Z, Bian Y, Liu C, He S, Zhao L, Zeng X. Mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for visualization of exogenous and endogenous methylglyoxal in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6453-6456. [PMID: 35551561 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01503j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An activatable mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe Hcy-OPD was synthesized for the detection of methylglyoxal (MGO). For the introduction of a preorganized isopropylamino group on the aromatic o-diamine framework to regulate the hindrance effect, Hcy-OPD showed high selectivity and sensitivity (0.22 μM) for monitoring MGO. The probe can be applied successfully in the imaging of exogenous and endogenous MGO in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yaye Bian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Song He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xianshun Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Toxicological Profile and Oxidative Stress of Relevant Diet-Related Advanced Glycation End Products and Related 1,2-Dicarbonyls. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9912240. [PMID: 34422213 PMCID: PMC8371648 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9912240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During food processing and storage, and in tissues and fluids under physiological conditions, the Maillard reaction occurs. During this reaction, reactive 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds arise as intermediates that undergo further reactions to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Diet is the primary source of exogenous AGEs. Endogenously formed AGEs have been proposed as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of diet-related diseases such as diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, or chronic disease. AGEs may differently contribute to the diet-related exacerbation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and protein modifications. Here, to understand the contribution of each compound, we tested individually, for the first time, the effect of five 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal), 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO) and four different glycated amino acids N-ε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), N-ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), and pyrraline (Pyrr) in a cell line of human keratinocytes (HaCaT). We found that most of the glycated amino acids, i.e., CEL, CML, and MG-H1, did not show any cytotoxicity. At the same time, 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds 3-DGal, 3,4-DGE, GO, and MGO increased the production of reactive oxygen species and induced cell death. MGO induced cell death by apoptosis, whereas 3-DGal and 3,4-DGE induced nuclear translocation of the proinflammatory NF-κB transcription pathway, and the activation of the pyroptosis-related NLRP3 inflammasome cascade. Overall, these results demonstrate the higher toxic impact of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds on mucosal epithelial cells when compared to glycated amino acids and the selective activation of intracellular signaling pathways involved in the crosstalk mechanisms linking oxidative stress to excessive inflammation.
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Darvishi B, Dinarvand R, Mohammadpour H, Kamarul T, Sharifi AM. Dual l-Carnosine/ Aloe vera Nanophytosomes with Synergistically Enhanced Protective Effects against Methylglyoxal-Induced Angiogenesis Impairment. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3302-3325. [PMID: 34297586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular complications are among the major outcomes of patients with type II diabetes mellitus, which are the consequences of impaired physiological functioning of small blood vessels and angiogenic responses in these patients. Overproduction and accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl byproduct of glycolysis pathway, has been acclaimed as the main inducer of impaired angiogenic responses and microvascular dysfunction in diabetic patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Hence, an effective approach to overcome diabetes-associated microvascular complications is to neutralize the deleterious activity of enhanced the concentration of MGO in the body. Owing to the glycation inhibitory activity of Aloe vera whole extract, and capability of l-carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, in attenuating MGO's destructive activity, we examined whether application of a combination of l-carnosine and A. vera could be an effective way of synergistically weakening this reactive dicarbonyl's impaired angiogenic effects. Additionally, overcoming the poor cellular uptake and internalization of l-carnosine and A. vera, a nanophytosomal formulation of the physical mixture of two compounds was also established. Although l-carnosine and A. vera at whole studied combination ratios could synergistically enhance viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with MGO, the 25:1 w/w ratio was the most effective one among the others (27 ± 0.5% compared to 12 ± 0.3 to 18 ± 0.4%; F (4, 15) = 183.9, P < 0.0001). Developing dual nanophytosomes of l-carnosine/A. vera (25:1) combination ratio, we demonstrated superiority of the nanophytosomal formulation in protecting HUVECs against MGO-induced toxicity following a 24-72 h incubation period (17.3, 15.8, and 12.4% respectively). Moreover, 500 μg/mL concentration of dual l-carnosine/A. vera nanophytosomes exhibited a superior free radical scavenging potency (63 ± 4 RFU vs 83 ± 5 RFU; F (5, 12) = 54.81, P < 0.0001) and nitric oxide synthesizing capacity (26.11 ± 0.19 vs 5.1 ± 0.33; F (5, 12) = 2537, P < 0.0001) compared to their physical combination counterpart. Similarly, 500 μg/mL dual l-carnosine/A. vera nanophytosome-treated HUVECs demonstrated a superior tube formation capacity (15 ± 3 vs 2 ± 0.3; F (5, 12) = 30.87, P < 0.001), wound scratch healing capability (4.92 ± 0.3 vs 3.07 ± 0.3 mm/h; F (5, 12) = 39.21, P < 0.0001), and transwell migration (586 ± 32 vs 394 ± 18; F (5, 12) = 231.8, P < 0.001) and invasion (172 ± 9 vs 115 ± 5; F (5, 12) = 581.1, P < 0.0001) activities compared to the physical combination treated ones. Further confirming the proangiogenic activity of the dual l-carnosine/A. vera nanophytosomes, a significant shift toward expression of proangiogenic genes including HIF-1α, VEGFA, bFGF, KDR, and Ang II was reported in treated HUVECs. Overall, dual l-carnosine/A. vera nanophytosomes could be a potential candidate for attenuating type II DM-associated microvascular complications with an impaired angiogenesis background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Darvishi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Mohammadpour
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-5583, Iran
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group, (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Tissue Engineering Group, (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
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Lee DY, Lin YC, Chang GD. Biochemical Regulation of the Glyoxalase System in Response to Insulin Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020326. [PMID: 33671767 PMCID: PMC7926409 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive glycation metabolite and potentially induces dicarbonyl stress. The production of MG in cells is increased along with an increase in carbohydrate metabolism. The efficiency of the glyoxalase system, consisting of glyoxalase 1 (GlxI) and glyoxalase 2 (GlxII), is crucial for turning the accumulated MG into nontoxic metabolites. Converting MG-glutathione hemithioacetal to S-d-lactoylglutathione by GlxI is the rate-determining step of the enzyme system. In this study, we found lactic acid accumulated during insulin stimulation in cells, however, cellular MG and S-d-lactoylglutathione also increased due to the massive flux of glycolytic intermediates. The insulin-induced accumulation of MG and S-d-lactoylglutathione were efficiently removed by the treatment of metformin, possibly via affecting the glyoxalase system. With the application of isotopic 13C3-MG, the flux of MG from extracellular and intracellular origins was dissected. While insulin induced an influx of extracellular MG, metformin inhibited the trafficking of MG across the plasma membrane. Therefore, metformin could maintain the extracellular MG by means of reducing the secretion of MG rather than facilitating the scavenging. In addition, metformin may affect the glyoxalase system by controlling the cellular redox state through replenishing reduced glutathione. Overall, alternative biochemical regulation of the glyoxalase system mediated by insulin signaling or molecules like biguanides may control cellular MG homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (D.-Y.L.); (G.-D.C.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366#3505 (D.-Y.L.); +886-2-33664071 (G.-D.C.); Fax: +886-2-22037690 (D.-Y.L.); +886-2-23635038 (G.-D.C.)
| | - Yu-Chin Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Health Science and Industry, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (D.-Y.L.); (G.-D.C.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366#3505 (D.-Y.L.); +886-2-33664071 (G.-D.C.); Fax: +886-2-22037690 (D.-Y.L.); +886-2-23635038 (G.-D.C.)
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Kang SO, Kwak MK. Methylglyoxal-Scavenging Enzyme Activities Trigger Erythroascorbate Peroxidase and Cytochrome c Peroxidase in Glutathione-Depleted Candida albicans. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:79-91. [PMID: 33203822 PMCID: PMC9705698 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2010.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (Gcs1) and glutathione reductase (Glr1) activity maintains minimal levels of cellular methylglyoxal in Candida albicans. In glutathione-depleted Δgcs1, we previously saw that NAD(H)-linked methylglyoxal oxidoreductase (Mgd1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1) are the most active methylglyoxal scavengers. With methylglyoxal accumulation, disruptants lacking MGD1 or ADH1 exhibit a poor redox state. However, there is little convincing evidence for a reciprocal relationship between methylglyoxal scavenger genes-disrupted mutants and changes in glutathione-(in)dependent redox regulation. Herein, we attempt to demonstrate a functional role for methylglyoxal scavengers, modeled on a triple disruptant (Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1), to link between antioxidative enzyme activities and their metabolites in glutathione-depleted conditions. Despite seeing elevated methylglyoxal in all of the disruptants, the result saw a decrease in pyruvate content in Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1 which was not observed in double gene-disrupted strains such as Δmgd1/Δgcs1 and Δadh1/Δgcs1. Interestingly, Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1 exhibited a significantly decrease in H2O2 and superoxide which was also unobserved in Δmgd1/Δgcs1 and Δadh1/Δgcs1. The activities of the antioxidative enzymes erythroascorbate peroxidase and cytochrome c peroxidase were noticeably higher in Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1 than in the other disruptants. Meanwhile, Glr1 activity severely diminished in Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1. Monitoring complementary gene transcripts between double gene-disrupted Δmgd1/Δgcs1 and Δadh1/Δgcs1 supported the concept of an unbalanced redox state independent of the Glr1 activity for Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1. Our data demonstrate the reciprocal use of Eapx1 and Ccp1 in the absence of both methylglyoxal scavengers; that being pivotal for viability in non-filamentous budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors S-O.Kang Phone: +82-2-880-6703 Fax: +82-2-888-4911 E-mail:
| | - Min-Kyu Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea,M-K.Kwak Phone: +82-31-740-7418 Fax: +82-31-740-7370 E-mail:
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Kang SO, Kwak MK. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and NAD(H)-linked methylglyoxal oxidoreductase reciprocally regulate glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in Candida albicans. J Microbiol 2020; 59:76-91. [PMID: 33355888 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (Glr1) activity controls cellular glutathione and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We previously demonstrated two predominant methylglyoxal scavengers-NAD(H)-linked methylglyoxal oxidoreductase (Mgd1) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1)-in glutathione-depleted γ-glutamyl cysteinyl synthetase-disrupted Candida albicans. However, experimental evidence for Candida pathophysiology lacking the enzyme activities of Mgd1 and Adh1 on glutathione-dependent redox regulation remains unclear. Herein, we have aimed to demonstrate that glutathione-dependent enzyme activities coupled with cellular ROS changes is regulated by methylglyoxal accumulation in Δmgd1/Δadh1 double disruptants. Δmgd1/Δadh1 showed severe growth defects and G1-phase cell cycle arrest. The observed complementary and reciprocal methylglyoxal-oxidizing and methylglyoxalreducing activities between Δmgd1 and Δadh1 were not always exhibited in Δmgd1/Δadh1. Although intracellular accumulation of methylglyoxal and pyruvate was shown in all disruptants, to a greater or lesser degree, methylglyoxal was particularly accumulated in the Δmgd1/Δadh1 double disruptant. While cellular ROS significantly increased in Δmgd1 and Δadh1 as compared to the wild-type, Δmgd1/Δadh1 underwent a decrease in ROS in contrast to Δadh1. Despite the experimental findings underlining the importance of the undergoing unbalanced redox state of Δmgd1/Δadh1, glutathione-independent antioxidative enzyme activities did not change during proliferation and filamentation. Contrary to the significantly lowered glutathione content and Glr1 enzyme activity, the activity staining-based glutathione peroxidase activities concomitantly increased in this mutant. Additionally, the enhanced GLR1 transcript supported our results in Δmgd1/Δadh1, indicating that deficiencies of both Adh1 and Mgd1 activities stimulate specific glutathione-dependent enzyme activities. This suggests that glutathione-dependent redox regulation is evidently linked to C. albicans pathogenicity under the control of methylglyoxal-scavenging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Present address: Irwee Institute, B-503, Seongnam, 13510, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Kyu Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, 13135, Republic of Korea.
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de Bari L, Atlante A, Armeni T, Kalapos MP. Synthesis and metabolism of methylglyoxal, S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate in cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Exploring the crossroad of eternal youth and premature aging. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 53:100915. [PMID: 31173890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are emerging as metabolic diseases in which aberrant/dysregulated glucose metabolism and bioenergetics occur, and play a key role in disease progression. Interestingly, an enhancement of glucose uptake, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway occurs in both cancer cells and amyloid-β-resistant neurons in the early phase of AD. However, this metabolic shift has its adverse effects. One of them is the increase in methylglyoxal production, a physiological cytotoxic by-product of glucose catabolism. Methylglyoxal is mainly detoxified via cytosolic glyoxalase route comprising glyoxalase 1 and glyoxalase 2 with the production of S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate as intermediate and end-product, respectively. Due to the existence of mitochondrial carriers and intramitochondrial glyoxalase 2 and D-lactate dehydrogenase, the transport and metabolism of both S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate in mitochondria can contribute to methylglyoxal elimination, cellular antioxidant power and energy production. In this review, it is supposed that the different ability of cancer cells and AD neurons to metabolize methylglyoxal, S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate scores cell fate, therefore being at the very crossroad of the "eternal youth" of cancer and the "premature death" of AD neurons. Understanding of these processes would help to elaborate novel metabolism-based therapies for cancer and AD treatment.
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Ghosh S, Pal A, Ray M. Methylglyoxal in combination with 5-Fluorouracil elicits improved chemosensitivity in breast cancer through apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Phenylpyrrole fungicides act on triosephosphate isomerase to induce methylglyoxal stress and alter hybrid histidine kinase activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5047. [PMID: 30911085 PMCID: PMC6433957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fludioxonil, a natural product of pyrrolnitrin, is a potent fungicide used on crops worldwide. Drug action requires the presence of a group III hybrid histidine kinase (HHK) and the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway. We have reported that the drug does not act directly on HHK, but triggers the conversion of the kinase to a phosphatase, which dephosphorylates Ypd1 to constitutively activate HOG signaling. Still, the direct drug target remains unknown and mode of action ill defined. Here, we heterologously expressed a group III HHK, dimorphism-regulating kinase 1 (Drk1) in Saccharomyces cerevisae to delineate fludioxonil’s target and action. We show that the drug interferes with triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) causing release of methylglyoxal (MG). MG activates the group III HHK and thus the HOG pathway. Drug action involved Drk1 cysteine 392, as a C392S substitution increased drug resistance in vivo. Drug sensitivity was reversed by dimedone treatment, indicating Drk1 responds in vivo to an aldehydic stress. Fludioxonil treatment triggered elevated cytosolic methylglyoxal. Likewise, methylglyoxal treatment of Drk1-expressing yeast phenocopied treatment with fludioxonil. Fludioxonil directly inhibited TPI and also caused it to release methylglyoxal in vitro. Thus, TPI is a drug target of the phenylpyrrole class of fungicides, inducing elevated MG which alters HHK activity, likely converting the kinase to a phosphatase that acts on Ypd1 to trigger HOG pathway activation and fungal cell death.
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Roy A, Sarker S, Upadhyay P, Pal A, Adhikary A, Jana K, Ray M. Methylglyoxal at metronomic doses sensitizes breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and cisplatin causing synergistic induction of programmed cell death and inhibition of stemness. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:322-339. [PMID: 30170097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Potent anticancer activity coupled with absence of toxicity at therapeutic dose established the glycolytic metabolite, methylglyoxal, as a promising candidate against malignant neoplasia. In this preclinical study we illustrate the applicability of methylglyoxal in formulating an optimally designed combination regimen with chemotherapeutic drugs against breast cancer. Results demonstrated a synergistic augmentation in doxorubicin and cisplatin mediated cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cell lines MDA MB 231 & MCF 7 with methylglyoxal co-treatment at metronomic concentrations. The cell death due to combination treatment was significantly prevented by N-Acetylcysteine and the synergistic effects were attenuated in presence of inhibitors for apoptosis and necroptosis, in MDA MB 231 and MCF 7 cells, respectively. Additionally, acridine orange staining and immunoblotting with LC3B antibody indicated the suppression of doxorubicin induced autophagy flux with methylglyoxal co-treatment. This report documents for the first time the preferential targeting of breast cancer stem cells by methylglyoxal. Combination treatment with doxorubicin or cisplatin hindered mammosphere forming efficiency and inclusively eliminated both cancer stem as well as non-stem cancer cells. The synergistic effect was validated in Ehrlich mammary carcinoma cell induced murine ascites model and the combination advantage in vivo was achieved without any additional deleterious effect to liver and kidney. Our present study evidences the implications of methylglyoxal inclusion in adjuvant multimodal chemotherapeutics against breast cancer and offers noteworthy insights into the possible outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, WB, India
| | - Sushmita Sarker
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD-2, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, WB, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyay
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD-2, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, WB, India
| | - Aparajita Pal
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, WB, India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD-2, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, WB, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, WB, India.
| | - Manju Ray
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, WB, India; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Science & Humanities GLA University Mathura, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road, Mathura 281 406, UP, India.
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11
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Settem RP, Honma K, Shankar M, Li M, LaMonte M, Xu D, Genco RJ, Browne RW, Sharma A. Tannerella forsythia-produced methylglyoxal causes accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts to trigger cytokine secretion in human monocytes. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:292-299. [PMID: 29573211 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia has the unique ability to produce methylglyoxal (MGO), an electrophilic compound which can covalently modify amino acid side chains and generate inflammatory adducts known as advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In periodontitis, concentrations of MGO in gingival-crevicular fluid are increased and are correlated with the T. forsythia load. However, the source of MGO and the extent to which MGO may contribute to periodontal inflammation has not been fully explored. In this study we identified a functional homolog of the enzyme methylglyoxal synthase (MgsA) involved in the production of MGO in T. forsythia. While wild-type T.forsythia produced a significant amount of MGO in the medium, a mutant lacking this homolog produced little to no MGO. Furthermore, compared with the spent medium of the T. forsythia parental strain, the spent medium of the T. forsythia mgsA-deletion strain induced significantly lower nuclear factor-kappa B activity as well as proinflammogenic and pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines from THP-1 monocytes. The ability of T. forsythia to induce protein glycation endproducts via MGO was confirmed by an electrophoresis-based collagen chain mobility shift assay. Together these data demonstrated that T. forsythia produces MGO, which may contribute to inflammation via the generation of AGEs and thus act as a potential virulence factor of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Settem
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K Honma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Shankar
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - D Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R J Genco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Kwak MK, Ku M, Kang SO. Inducible NAD(H)-linked methylglyoxal oxidoreductase regulates cellular methylglyoxal and pyruvate through enhanced activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and methylglyoxal-oxidizing enzymes in glutathione-depleted Candida albicans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:18-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hellwig M, Gensberger-Reigl S, Henle T, Pischetsrieder M. Food-derived 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds and their role in diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 49:1-8. [PMID: 29174601 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds (DCs) are generated from carbohydrates during food processing and storage and under physiological conditions. In the recent decades, much knowledge has been gained concerning the chemical formation pathways and the role of DCs in food and physiological systems. DCs are formed mainly by dehydration and redox reactions and have a strong impact on the palatability of food, because they participate in aroma and color formation. However, they are precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and cytotoxic effects of several DCs have been reported. The most abundant DCs in food are 3-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxygalactosone, and glucosone, predominating over methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene. The availability for absorption of individual DCs is influenced by the release from the food matrix during digestion and by their reactivity towards constituents of intestinal fluids. Some recent works suggest formation of DCs from dietary sugars after their absorption, and others indicate that certain food constituents may scavenge endogenously formed DCs. First works on the interplay between dietary DCs and diseases reveal an ambiguous role of the compounds. Cancer-promoting but also anticancer effects were ascribed to methylglyoxal. Further work is still needed to elucidate the reactions of DCs during intestinal digestion and pathophysiological effects of dietary DCs at doses taken up with food and in "real" food matrices in disease states such as diabetes, uremia, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hellwig
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Gensberger-Reigl
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Shin Y, Lee S, Ku M, Kwak MK, Kang SO. Cytochrome c peroxidase regulates intracellular reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal via enzyme activities of erythroascorbate peroxidase and glutathione-related enzymes in Candida albicans. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 92:183-201. [PMID: 29031807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
D-erythroascorbate peroxidase (EAPX1) deficiency causes glutathione deprivation, leading to the accumulation of methylglyoxal and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and especially, induction of cytochrome c peroxidase (Ccp1) in Candida albicans. Nevertheless, reciprocal effects between changes in Ccp1 activity and the antioxidative D-erythroascorbic acid- and glutathione-dependent redox status, which reflects methylglyoxal biosynthesis altering pathophysiology are unclear in eukaryotes. To elucidate the effect of CCP1 expression on EAPX1 and glutathione reductase (Glr1) activity-mediated D-erythroascorbic acid biosynthesis and redox homeostasis, the CCP1 gene was disrupted and overexpressed. First, we demonstrated both glutathione-independent and-dependent metabolite contents and their corresponding gene transcripts and enzyme activities (i.e., Ccp1, catalase-peroxidase [KatG], superoxide dismutase [Sod], Eapx1, and Glr1) in CCP1 mutants. Second, methylglyoxal-oxidizing alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1) and methylglyoxal-reducing oxidoreductase activity on glycolytic methylglyoxal and pyruvate production and NAD(P)H content were determined in these mutants. Contrary to our expectation, CCP1 disruption (42.19±3.22nmolO2h-1mgwetcell-1) failed to affect cell respiration compared to the wild-type strain (41.62±7.11nmolO2h-1mgwetcell-1) under cyanide treatment, and in contrast to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment (21.74±1.03nmol O2h-1mgwetcell-1). Additionally, Ccp1 predominantly detoxified H2O2 rather than negligible scavenging activities towards methylglyoxal and other oxidants. CCP1 deficiency stimulated Sod and Adh1 activity but downregulated Glr1, Eapx1, catalase, and peroxidase activity while enhancing KatG, EAPX1, and GLR1 transcription by decreasing glutathione and D-erythroascorbic acid and increasing pyruvate. Noticeably, the ROS-accumulating CCP1-deficient mutant maintained steady-state levels of methylglyoxal, which was revealed to be regulated by methylglyoxal-oxidizing and -reducing activity with drastic changes in NAD(P)H. We confirmed and clarified our results by showing that CCP1/EAPX1 double disruptants underwent severe growth defects due to the D-erythroascorbic acid and glutathione depletion because of pyruvate overaccumulation. These observations were made in both budding and hyphal-growing CCP1 mutants. The revealed metabolic network involving Ccp1 and other redox regulators affected ROS and methylglyoxal through D-erythroascorbic acid and glutathione-dependent metabolites, thereby influencing dimorphism. This is the first report of the Ccp1-mediated D-erythroascorbic acid and glutathione biosynthesis accompanying methylglyoxal scavengers for full fungal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungHo Shin
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - MyungHee Ku
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kwak
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Ounpuu L, Klepinin A, Pook M, Teino I, Peet N, Paju K, Tepp K, Chekulayev V, Shevchuk I, Koks S, Maimets T, Kaambre T. 2102Ep embryonal carcinoma cells have compromised respiration and shifted bioenergetic profile distinct from H9 human embryonic stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2146-2154. [PMID: 28552560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cellular bioenergetics may be involved in stem cell differentiation. Considering that during cancerogenesis cells acquire numerous properties of stem cells, it is possible to assume that the energy metabolism in tumorigenic cells might be differently regulated. The aim of this study was to compare the mitochondrial bioenergetic profile of normal pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and relatively nullipotent embryonal carcinoma cells (2102Ep cell line). We examined three parameters related to cellular bioenergetics: phosphotransfer system, aerobic glycolysis, and oxygen consumption. Activities and expression levels of main enzymes that facilitate energy transfer were measured. The oxygen consumption rate studies were performed to investigate the respiratory capacity of cells. 2102Ep cells showed a shift in energy distribution towards adenylate kinase network. The total AK activity was almost 3 times higher in 2102Ep cells compared to hESCs (179.85±5.73 vs 64.39±2.55mU/mg of protein) and the expression of AK2 was significantly higher in these cells, while CK was downregulated. 2102Ep cells displayed reduced levels of oxygen consumption and increased levels of aerobic glycolysis compared to hESCs. The compromised respiration of 2102Ep cells is not the result of increased mitochondrial mass, increased proton leak, and reduced respiratory reserve capacity of the cells or impairment of respiratory chain complexes. Our data showed that the bioenergetic profile of 2102Ep cells clearly distinguishes them from normal hESCs. This should be considered when this cell line is used as a reference, and highlight the importance of further research concerning energy metabolism of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Ounpuu
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Martin Pook
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Indrek Teino
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nadezda Peet
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalju Paju
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sulev Koks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toivo Maimets
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Tallinn University, Narva mnt 25, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia; Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
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16
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Roy A, Ahir M, Bhattacharya S, Parida PK, Adhikary A, Jana K, Ray M. Induction of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in triple negative breast carcinoma cells by methylglyoxal via generation of reactive oxygen species. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2086-2103. [PMID: 28418078 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tends to form aggressive tumors associated with high mortality and morbidity which urge the need for development of new therapeutic strategies. Recently, the normal metabolite Methylglyoxal (MG) has been documented for its anti-proliferative activity against human breast cancer. However, the mode of action of MG against TNBC remains open to question. In our study, we investigated the anticancer activity of MG in MDA MB 231 and 4T1 TNBC cell lines and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. MG dose-dependently caused cell death, induced apoptosis, and generated ROS in both the TNBC cell lines. Furthermore, such effects were attenuated in presence of ROS scavenger N-Acetyl cysteine. MG triggered mitochondrial cytochrome c release in the cytosol and up-regulated Bax while down-regulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Additionally, MG treatment down-regulated phospho-akt and inhibited the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. MG exhibited a tumor suppressive effect in BALB/c mouse 4T1 breast tumor model as well. The cytotoxic effect was studied using MTT assay. Apoptosis, ROS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction was evaluated by flow cytometry as well as fluorescence microscopy. Western blot assay was performed to analyze proteins responsible for apoptosis. This study demonstrated MG as a potent anticancer agent against TNBC both in vitro and in vivo. The findings will furnish fresh insights into the treatment of this subgroup of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Manisha Ahir
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurav Bhattacharya
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Arghya Adhikary
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Manju Ray
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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17
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Kosmachevskaya OV, Shumaev KB, Topunov AF. Signal and regulatory effects of methylglyoxal in eukaryotic cells (review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Prestes ADS, dos Santos MM, Ecker A, Zanini D, Schetinger MRC, Rosemberg DB, da Rocha JBT, Barbosa NV. Evaluation of methylglyoxal toxicity in human erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:307-317. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1285971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Mülling dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Assis Ecker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniela Zanini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Denis Broock Rosemberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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19
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Deshmukh AB, Bai S, T. A, Kazi RS, Banarjee R, Rathore R, MV V, HV T, Kumar Bhat M, MJ K. Methylglyoxal attenuates insulin signaling and downregulates the enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:2338-2349. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00305f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl known to be elevated under the hyperglycemic conditions of diabetes and is implicated in the development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aarthy T.
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kulkarni MJ
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
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20
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Modulation of GLO1 Expression Affects Malignant Properties of Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122133. [PMID: 27999356 PMCID: PMC5187933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy metabolism of most tumor cells relies on aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) characterized by an increased glycolytic flux that is accompanied by the increased formation of the cytotoxic metabolite methylglyoxal (MGO). Consequently, the rate of detoxification of this reactive glycolytic byproduct needs to be increased in order to prevent deleterious effects to the cells. This is brought about by an increased expression of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) that is the rate-limiting enzyme of the MGO-detoxifying glyoxalase system. Here, we overexpressed GLO1 in HEK 293 cells and silenced it in MCF-7 cells using shRNA. Tumor-related properties of wild type and transformed cells were compared and key glycolytic enzyme activities assessed. Furthermore, the cells were subjected to hypoxic conditions to analyze the impact on cell proliferation and enzyme activities. Our results demonstrate that knockdown of GLO1 in the cancer cells significantly reduced tumor-associated properties such as migration and proliferation, whereas no functional alterations where found by overexpression of GLO1 in HEK 293 cells. In contrast, hypoxia caused inhibition of cell growth of all cells except of those overexpressing GLO1. Altogether, we conclude that GLO1 on one hand is crucial to maintaining tumor characteristics of malignant cells, and, on the other hand, supports malignant transformation of cells in a hypoxic environment when overexpressed.
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22
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Marín-Hernández Á, Rodríguez-Zavala JS, Del Mazo-Monsalvo I, Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Moreno-Sánchez R, Saavedra E. Inhibition of Non-flux-Controlling Enzymes Deters Cancer Glycolysis by Accumulation of Regulatory Metabolites of Controlling Steps. Front Physiol 2016; 7:412. [PMID: 27721794 PMCID: PMC5033973 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis provides precursors for the synthesis of macromolecules and may contribute to the ATP supply required for the constant and accelerated cellular duplication in cancer cells. In consequence, inhibition of glycolysis has been reiteratively considered as an anti-cancer therapeutic option. In previous studies, kinetic modeling of glycolysis in cancer cells allowed the identification of the main steps that control the glycolytic flux: glucose transporter, hexokinase (HK), hexose phosphate isomerase (HPI), and glycogen degradation in human cervix HeLa cancer cells and rat AS-30D ascites hepatocarcinoma. It was also previously experimentally determined that simultaneous inhibition of the non-controlling enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvate kinase (PYK), and enolase (ENO) brings about significant decrease in the glycolytic flux of cancer cells and accumulation of intermediate metabolites, mainly fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Fru1,6BP), and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), which are inhibitors of HK and HPI, respectively. Here it was found by kinetic modeling that inhibition of cancer glycolysis can be attained by blocking downstream non flux-controlling steps as long as Fru1,6BP and DHAP, regulatory metabolites of flux-controlling enzymes, are accumulated. Furthermore, experimental results and further modeling showed that oxamate and iodoacetate inhibitions of PYK, ENO, and glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), but not of LDH and phosphoglycerate kinase, induced accumulation of Fru1,6BP and DHAP in AS-30D hepatoma cells. Indeed, PYK, ENO, and GAPDH exerted the highest control on the Fru1,6BP and DHAP concentrations. The high levels of these metabolites inhibited HK and HPI and led to glycolytic flux inhibition, ATP diminution, and accumulation of toxic methylglyoxal. Hence, the anticancer effects of downstream glycolytic inhibitors are very likely mediated by this mechanism. In parallel, it was also found that uncompetitive inhibition of the flux-controlling steps is a more potent mechanism than competitive and mixed-type inhibition to efficiently perturb cancer glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Mexico City, Mexico
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23
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Kong KW, Abdul Aziz A, Razali N, Aminuddin N, Mat Junit S. Antioxidant-rich leaf extract of Barringtonia racemosa significantly alters the in vitro expression of genes encoding enzymes that are involved in methylglyoxal degradation III. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2379. [PMID: 27635343 PMCID: PMC5012310 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Barringtonia racemosa is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lecythidaceae family. The water extract of B. racemosa leaf (BLE) has been shown to be rich in polyphenols. Despite the diverse medicinal properties of B. racemosa, information on its major biological effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still lacking. Methods In this study, the effect of the antioxidant-rich BLE on gene expression in HepG2 cells was investigated using microarray analysis in order to shed more light on the molecular mechanism associated with the medicinal properties of the plant. Results Microarray analysis showed that a total of 138 genes were significantly altered in response to BLE treatment (p < 0.05) with a fold change difference of at least 1.5. SERPINE1 was the most significantly up-regulated gene at 2.8-fold while HAMP was the most significantly down-regulated gene at 6.5-fold. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) revealed that “Cancer, cell death and survival, cellular movement” was the top network affected by the BLE with a score of 44. The top five canonical pathways associated with BLE were Methylglyoxal Degradation III followed by VDR/RXR activation, TR/RXR activation, PXR/RXR activation and gluconeogenesis. The expression of genes that encode for enzymes involved in methylglyoxal degradation (ADH4, AKR1B10 and AKR1C2) and glycolytic process (ENO3, ALDOC and SLC2A1) was significantly regulated. Owing to the Warburg effect, aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells may increase the level of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic compound. Conclusions BLE has the potential to be developed into a novel chemopreventive agent provided that the cytotoxic effects related to methylglyoxal accumulation are minimized in normal cells that rely on aerobic glycolysis for energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Weng Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Azlina Abdul Aziz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Nurhanani Razali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Norhaniza Aminuddin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Sarni Mat Junit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Chan CM, Huang DY, Huang YP, Hsu SH, Kang LY, Shen CM, Lin WW. Methylglyoxal induces cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1749-60. [PMID: 27307396 PMCID: PMC4988286 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) are two important leading causes of acquired blindness in developed countries. As accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells plays an important role in both DR and AMD, and the methylglyoxal (MGO) within the AGEs exerts irreversible effects on protein structure and function, it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanism of MGO‐induced RPE cell death. Using ARPE‐19 as the cell model, this study revealed that MGO induces RPE cell death through a caspase‐independent manner, which relying on reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, intracellular calcium elevation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Suppression of ROS generation can reverse the MGO‐induced ROS production, MMP loss, intracellular calcium increase and cell death. Moreover, store‐operated calcium channel inhibitors MRS1845 and YM‐58483, but not the inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) receptor inhibitor xestospongin C, can block MGO‐induced ROS production, MMP loss and sustained intracellular calcium increase in ARPE‐19 cells. Lastly, inhibition of ER stress by salubrinal and 4‐PBA can reduce the MGO‐induced intracellular events and cell death. Therefore, our data indicate that MGO can decrease RPE cell viability, resulting from the ER stress‐dependent intracellular ROS production, MMP loss and increased intracellular calcium increase. As MGO is one of the components of drusen in AMD and is the AGEs adduct in DR, this study could provide a valuable insight into the molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention of AMD and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ming Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pin Huang
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hao Hsu
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Ya Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Min Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Paul-Samojedny M, Łasut B, Pudełko A, Fila-Daniłow A, Kowalczyk M, Suchanek-Raif R, Zieliński M, Borkowska P, Kowalski J. Methylglyoxal (MGO) inhibits proliferation and induces cell death of human glioblastoma multiforme T98G and U87MG cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 80:236-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Creatine supplementation with methylglyoxal: a potent therapy for cancer in experimental models. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2003-13. [PMID: 27138627 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The anti-cancer effect of methylglyoxal (MG) is now well established in the literature. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of creatine as a supplement in combination with MG both in vitro and in vivo. In case of the in vitro studies, two different cell lines, namely MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) and C2C12 (mouse myoblast cell line) were chosen. MG in combination with creatine showed enhanced apoptosis as well as higher cytotoxicity in the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line, compared to MG alone. Pre-treatment of well-differentiated C2C12 myotubes with cancerogenic 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) induced a dedifferentiation of these myotubes towards cancerous cells (that mimic the effect of 3MC observed in solid fibro-sarcoma animal models) and subsequent exposure of these induced cancer cells with MG proved to be cytotoxic. Thus, creatine plus ascorbic acid enhanced the anti-cancer effects of MG. In contrast, when normal C2C12 muscle cells or myotubes (mouse normal myoblast cell line) were treated with MG or MG plus creatine and ascorbic acid, no detrimental effects were seen. This indicated that cytotoxic effects of MG are specifically limited towards cancer cells and are further enhanced when MG is used in combination with creatine and ascorbic acid. For the in vivo studies, tumors were induced by injecting Sarcoma-180 cells (2 × 10(6) cells/mouse) in the left hind leg. After 7 days of tumor inoculation, treatments were started with MG (20 mg/kg body wt/day, via the intravenous route), with or without creatine (150 mg/kg body wt/day, fed orally) and ascorbic acid (50 mg/kg body wt/day, fed orally) and continued for 10 consecutive days. Significant regression of tumor size was observed when Sarcoma-180 tumor-bearing mice were treated with MG and even more so with the aforesaid combination. The creatine-supplemented group demonstrated better overall survival in comparison with tumor-bearing mice without creatine. In conclusion, it may be stated that the anti-cancer effect of MG is enhanced by concomitant creatine supplementation, both in chemically transformed (by 3MC) muscle cells in vitro as well as in sarcoma animal model in vivo. These data strongly suggest that creatine supplementation may gain importance as a safe and effective supplement in therapeutic intervention with the anti-cancer agent MG.
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Farah IO. Cellular Glycolysis and The Differential Survival of Lung Fibroblast and Lung Carcinoma Cell Lines. BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION 2016; 52:96-103. [PMID: 28603319 PMCID: PMC5463575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth and abnormal cell survival were shown to be associated with a number of cellular metabolic abnormalities revealed by impaired oral glucose tolerance, depressed lipoprotein lipase activity leading to hypertriglyceridemia, and changes in amino acid profile as evidenced by increased plasma free tryptophan levels in patients with breast, lung, colon, stomach, and other cancers from various origins. The above findings seem to relate to or indicate a shift to non-oxidative metabolic pathways in cancer. In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells may lose the ability to utilize aerobic respiration due to either defective mitochondria or hypoxia within the tumor microenvironments. Glucose was shown to be the major energy source in cancer cells where it utilizes aerobic /anaerobic glycolysis with the resultant lactic acid formation. The role of energetic modulations and use of glycolytic inhibitors on cancer/normal cell survival is not clearly established in the literature. We hypothesize that natural intermediates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle will differentially and negatively impact the cancer phenotype in contrast to their no effects on the normal cell phenotype. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate six potential glycolytic modulators namely, Pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, Zn acetate, sodium citrate, fructose diphosphate (FDP) and sodium bicarbonate at μM concentrations on growing A549 (lung cancer) and MRC-5 (normal; human lung fibroblast) cell lines with the objective of determining their influence on visual impact, cell metabolic activity, cell viability and end-point cell survival. Exposed and non-exposed cells were tested with phase-contrast micro-scanning, survival/death and metabolic activity trends through MTT-assays, as well as death end-point determinations by testing re-growth on complete media and T4 cellometer counts. Results showed that oxalic acid and Zn acetate both influenced the pH of the medium and resulted in differential massive cell debris within the exposure period. Pyruvic acid, sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate and FDP did not cause pH changes; however, they caused detectable cell disfigurement and loss of metabolic activity, viability and survival/ death end points with the resultant death of the A549 cell line. The MRC-5 cell line was differentially unaffected by exposure to pyruvic acid, sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, FDP and Zn acetate, underwent complete recovery and remained both attached and healthy for 6 weeks upon subculture when transferred to a new complete medium. Oxalic acid did not show differential modulation with the consequent loss of survival and death of the MRC-5 cell line. Phase contrast, metabolic activity, cell counts as well as death end-point findings confirmed our hypothsis. These studies show the potential possibly for exploiting cellular metabolic differences in cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim O Farah
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217
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Lin JA, Wu CH, Lu CC, Hsia SM, Yen GC. Glycative stress from advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and dicarbonyls: An emerging biological factor in cancer onset and progression. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1850-64. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jer-An Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hao Wu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Kim YJ, Hong SM, Park SY, Chon S. Glabridin Alleviates the Toxic Effects of Methylglyoxal on Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells by Increasing Expression of the Glyoxalase System and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Protecting Mitochondrial Function. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:226-235. [PMID: 26670935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) contributes to the pathogenesis of age- and diabetes-associated complications. The present study investigated the effects of glabridin on MG-induced cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with glabridin in the presence of MG, and markers of mitochondrial function and oxidative damage were examined. Pretreatment of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells with glabridin prevented MG-induced cell death, the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxides, cardiolipin peroxidation, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. The soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGEs)/RAGE ratio increased upon MG treatment, but less so after pretreatment with glabridin, which also increased the level of reduced glutathione and the activities of glyoxalase I and heme oxygenase-1, all of which were reduced by MG. In addition, glabridin elevated the level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. These findings suggest that glabridin protects against MG-induced cell damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and increasing MG detoxification. Pretreatment of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells with glabridin reduced MG-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, the nitric oxide level significantly increased upon glabridin pretreatment. Together, these data show that glabridin may potentially serve to prevent the development of diabetic bone disease associated with MG-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Hospital , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Hong
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yong Park
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Ghosh S, Chakraborty P, Chakrabarti A, Ghosh M, Mandal A, Saha P, Mukherjee A, Acharya S, Ray M. Biological activity of dendrimer–methylglyoxal complexes for improved therapeutic efficacy against malignant cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile strategy to synthesize polymer based conjugation of methylglyoxal which demonstrated inhibition against malignant cells with desired selectivity can revolutionize the cancer treatment via minimizing the human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabanti Ghosh
- Centre for Advanced Materials
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Prabal Chakraborty
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata-700064
- India
| | - Adrita Chakrabarti
- Biological Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Department of Botany
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700019
- India
| | - Amit Mandal
- Polymer Science Unit
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Partha Saha
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata-700064
- India
| | - Anita Mukherjee
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Department of Botany
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700019
- India
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- Centre for Advanced Materials
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Manju Ray
- Biological Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700032
- India
- Division of Molecular Medicine
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3-Bromopyruvate induces rapid human prostate cancer cell death by affecting cell energy metabolism, GSH pool and the glyoxalase system. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:493-506. [PMID: 26530987 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) is an anti-tumour drug effective on hepatocellular carcinoma and other tumour cell types, which affects both glycolytic and mitochondrial targets, depleting cellular ATP pool. Here we tested 3-BP on human prostate cancer cells showing, differently from other tumour types, efficient ATP production and functional mitochondrial metabolism. We found that 3-BP rapidly induced cultured androgen-insensitive (PC-3) and androgen-responsive (LNCaP) prostate cancer cell death at low concentrations (IC(50) values of 50 and 70 μM, respectively) with a multimodal mechanism of action. In particular, 3-BP-treated PC-3 cells showed a selective, strong reduction of glyceraldeide 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, due to the direct interaction of the drug with the enzyme. Moreover, 3-BP strongly impaired both glutamate/malate- and succinate-dependent mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential generation and ATP synthesis, concomitant with the inhibition of respiratory chain complex I, II and ATP synthase activities. The drastic reduction of cellular ATP levels and depletion of GSH pool, associated with significant increase in cell oxidative stress, were found after 3-BP treatment of PC-3 cells. Interestingly, the activity of both glyoxalase I and II, devoted to the elimination of the cytotoxic methylglyoxal, was strongly inhibited by 3-BP. Both N-acetylcysteine and aminoguanidine, GSH precursor and methylglyoxal scavenger, respectively, prevented 3-BP-induced PC-3 cell death, showing that impaired cell antioxidant and detoxifying capacities are crucial events leading to cell death. The provided information on the multi-target cytotoxic action of 3-BP, finally leading to PC-3 cell necrosis, might be useful for future development of 3-BP as a therapeutic option for prostate cancer treatment.
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Bankapalli K, Saladi S, Awadia SS, Goswami AV, Samaddar M, D'Silva P. Robust glyoxalase activity of Hsp31, a ThiJ/DJ-1/PfpI family member protein, is critical for oxidative stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26491-507. [PMID: 26370081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive metabolic intermediate generated during various cellular biochemical reactions, including glycolysis. The accumulation of MG indiscriminately modifies proteins, including important cellular antioxidant machinery, leading to severe oxidative stress, which is implicated in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and cardiac disorders. Although cells possess efficient glyoxalase systems for detoxification, their functions are largely dependent on the glutathione cofactor, the availability of which is self-limiting under oxidative stress. Thus, higher organisms require alternate modes of reducing the MG-mediated toxicity and maintaining redox balance. In this report, we demonstrate that Hsp31 protein, a member of the ThiJ/DJ-1/PfpI family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, plays an indispensable role in regulating redox homeostasis. Our results show that Hsp31 possesses robust glutathione-independent methylglyoxalase activity and suppresses MG-mediated toxicity and ROS levels as compared with another paralog, Hsp34. On the other hand, glyoxalase-defective mutants of Hsp31 were found highly compromised in regulating the ROS levels. Additionally, Hsp31 maintains cellular glutathione and NADPH levels, thus conferring protection against oxidative stress, and Hsp31 relocalizes to mitochondria to provide cytoprotection to the organelle under oxidative stress conditions. Importantly, human DJ-1, which is implicated in the familial form of Parkinson disease, complements the function of Hsp31 by suppressing methylglyoxal and oxidative stress, thus signifying the importance of these proteins in the maintenance of ROS homeostasis across phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondalarao Bankapalli
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - SreeDivya Saladi
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sahezeel S Awadia
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Arvind Vittal Goswami
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Madhuja Samaddar
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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Pal A, Talukdar D, Roy A, Ray S, Mallick A, Mandal C, Ray M. Nanofabrication of methylglyoxal with chitosan biopolymer: a potential tool for enhancement of its anticancer effect. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3499-518. [PMID: 25999714 PMCID: PMC4435252 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s78284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The normal metabolite methylglyoxal (MG) specifically kills cancer cells by inhibiting glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration without much adverse effect upon normal cells. Though the anticancer property of MG is well documented, its gradual enzymatic degradation in vivo has prompted interest in developing a nanoparticulate drug delivery system to protect it and also to enhance its efficacy. Materials and methods MG-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles (Nano-MG) were prepared by conjugating the carbonyl group of MG with the amino group of chitosan polymer (Schiff’s base formation). Nano-MG were characterized in detail using the dynamic light scattering method, zeta potential measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopic analysis. Amount of MG anchored to Nano-MG, stability of Nano-MG, and in vitro release of MG from Nano-MG were estimated spectrophotometrically. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells, human breast cancer cell line HBL-100, and lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line A549 were used as test systems to compare Nano-MG with bare MG in vitro. Cytotoxicity to EAC cells was evaluated by the trypan blue dye exclusion test, and cell viability of HBL-100 and A549 cells were studied using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis of HBL-100 cells was assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. In vivo studies were performed on both EAC cells inoculated and also in sarcoma-180-induced solid tumor-bearing Swiss albino mice to assess the anticancer activity of Nano-MG in comparison to bare MG with varying doses, times, and administrative routes. Results Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of imine groups in Nano-MG due to conjugation of the amino group of chitosan and carbonyl group of MG with diameters of nanoparticles ranging from 50–100 nm. The zeta potential of Nano-MG was +21 mV and they contained approximately 100 μg of MG in 1 mL of solution. In vitro studies with Nano-MG showed higher cytotoxicity and enhanced rate of apoptosis in the HBL-100 cell line in comparison with bare MG, but no detrimental effect on normal mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 at the concerned doses. Studies with EAC cells also showed increased cell death of nearly 1.5 times. Nano-MG had similar cytotoxic effects on A549 cells. In vivo studies further demonstrated the efficacy of Nano-MG over bare MG and found them to be about 400 times more potent in EAC-bearing mice and nearly 80 times more effective in sarcoma-180-bearing mice. Administration of ascorbic acid and creatine during in vivo treatments augmented the anticancer effect of Nano-MG. Conclusion The results clearly indicate that Nano-MG may constitute a promising tool in anticancer therapeutics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Pal
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipa Talukdar
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhankar Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Asish Mallick
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Chitra Mandal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Manju Ray
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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Suh KS, Rhee SY, Kim YS, Choi EM. Protective effect of liquiritigenin against methylglyoxal cytotoxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Food Funct 2015; 5:1432-40. [PMID: 24789098 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive dicarbonyl compound, is a metabolic byproduct of glycolysis and elevated MG levels contribute to diabetic complications. Glycation reactions of MG with amino acids can induce oxidative stress, leading to subsequent cytotoxicity. In the present study, the effect of liquiritigenin on MG-induced cytotoxicity was investigated using osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Pretreatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with liquiritigenin prevented the MG-induced cell death and production of protein adduct, intracellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, cardiolipin peroxidation, and TNF-α in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, liquiritigenin increased the activity of glyoxalase I inhibited by MG. These findings suggest that liquiritigenin provides a protective action against MG-induced cell damage by reducing oxidative stress and by increasing MG detoxification. Pretreatment with liquiritigenin prior to MG exposure reduced MG-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by preventing mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and adenosine triphosphate loss. Additionally, the nitric oxide and PGC-1α levels were significantly increased by liquiritigenin, suggesting that liquiritigenin may induce mitochondrial biogenesis. Our findings indicate that liquiritigenin might exert its therapeutic effects via enhancement of glyoxalase I activity and mitochondrial function, and anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Taken together, liquiritigenin has potential as a preventive agent against the development of diabetic osteopathy related to MG-induced oxidative stress in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
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Chen CC, Wu ML, Ho CT, Huang TC. Blockade of the Ras/Raf/ERK and Ras/PI3K/Akt Pathways by Monacolin K Reduces the Expression of GLO1 and Induces Apoptosis in U937 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1186-1195. [PMID: 25569448 DOI: 10.1021/jf505275s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Monacolin K, a hydrolytic product of icaritin, is the major active component in the traditional fermented Monascus purpureus. Monacolin K inhibits the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. The present study demonstrates that monacolin K inhibits the proliferation of human AML cell line U937 in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, morphological, DNA fragmentation, and image cytometry analyses indicated that monacolin K induced U937 cell apoptosis. Monacolin K could inactivate Ras translocation from cytosol to cell membrane. Monacolin K could also reduce the Ras-dependent phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, and the subsequent translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) from cytosol to nucleus in U937 cells. The underlying mechanisms of apoptotic activity of monacolin K were associated with inhibition of the Ras/Raf/ERK and Ras/PI3K/Akt signals and down-regulation of HMG-CoA reductase and glyoxalase 1. On the basis of results obtained using specific inhibitors U0126, LY294002, and JSH-23, the Ras/Raf/ERK/NF-κB/GLO1 and Ras/Akt/NF-κB/GLO1 pathways were proposed for the apoptotic effect of monacolin K in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chia Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Li Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Tzou-Chi Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Majd AA, Goodarzi MT, Hassanzadeh T, Tavilani H, Karimi J. Aminoguanidine partially prevents the reduction in liver pyruvate kinase activity in diabetic rats. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 3:260. [PMID: 25625099 PMCID: PMC4298874 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.148233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low molecular weight aldehydes and carbonyl compounds which are derived from glucose metabolism are prevalent in diabetic plasma. These compounds react to amino groups of Lys and Arg and lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This modification changes the function of the proteins. The present study aimed to survey the effect of diabetes on rat liver pyruvate kinase activity and to show the inhibitory effect of aminoguanidine (AG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 18, 6 to 8 weeks old) were divided randomly in three groups: the first group as control; second and third groups were induced diabetes using streptozocin. Third group received AG orally for 8 weeks after diabetes induction. Liver cell homogenate was prepared from all studied groups and L-type pyruvate kinase was separated from the homogenate. Pyruvate kinase activity was determined in both liver cell homogenate and extracted L-type PK. The PK activity was compared in all samples between groups. RESULTS PK activity in isolated form and in liver cell homogenate was lower in diabetic rats as compared to control group. AG-treated group showed higher PK activity compared to untreated diabetic group; however, the difference was not significant. Non-significant difference in PK activity between AG-treated diabetic and non-diabetic (control) group indicated the inhibitory effect of AG in glycation of PK. CONCLUSION The obtained results showed PK activity decreased in diabetic rats and AG can partially prevent the reduction in PK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimohammad Amiri Majd
- Department of Biochemistry Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 65178 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 65178 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Taghi Hassanzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 65178 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tavilani
- Department of Biochemistry Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 65178 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Karimi
- Department of Biochemistry Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 65178 Hamadan, Iran
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Seo K, Seo S, Han JY, Ki SH, Shin SM. Resveratrol attenuates methylglyoxal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by Sestrin2 induction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:314-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Pun PBL, Logan A, Darley-Usmar V, Chacko B, Johnson MS, Huang GW, Rogatti S, Prime TA, Methner C, Krieg T, Fearnley IM, Larsen L, Larsen DS, Menger KE, Collins Y, James AM, Kumar GDK, Hartley RC, Smith RAJ, Murphy MP. A mitochondria-targeted mass spectrometry probe to detect glyoxals: implications for diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:437-50. [PMID: 24316194 PMCID: PMC3978666 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The glycation of protein and nucleic acids that occurs as a consequence of hyperglycemia disrupts cell function and contributes to many pathologies, including those associated with diabetes and aging. Intracellular glycation occurs after the generation of the reactive 1,2-dicarbonyls methylglyoxal and glyoxal, and disruption of mitochondrial function is associated with hyperglycemia. However, the contribution of these reactive dicarbonyls to mitochondrial damage in pathology is unclear owing to uncertainties about their levels within mitochondria in cells and in vivo. To address this we have developed a mitochondria-targeted reagent (MitoG) designed to assess the levels of mitochondrial dicarbonyls within cells. MitoG comprises a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cationic function, which directs the molecules to mitochondria within cells, and an o-phenylenediamine moiety that reacts with dicarbonyls to give distinctive and stable products. The extent of accumulation of these diagnostic heterocyclic products can be readily and sensitively quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, enabling changes to be determined. Using the MitoG-based analysis we assessed the formation of methylglyoxal and glyoxal in response to hyperglycemia in cells in culture and in the Akita mouse model of diabetes in vivo. These findings indicated that the levels of methylglyoxal and glyoxal within mitochondria increase during hyperglycemia both in cells and in vivo, suggesting that they can contribute to the pathological mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs in diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Boon Li Pun
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Balu Chacko
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Guang W Huang
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sebastian Rogatti
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Carmen Methner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katja E Menger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yvonne Collins
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - G D Kishore Kumar
- Centre for the Chemical Research of Ageing, WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- Centre for the Chemical Research of Ageing, WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Lee DY, Chang GD. Methylglyoxal in cells elicits a negative feedback loop entailing transglutaminase 2 and glyoxalase 1. Redox Biol 2014; 2:196-205. [PMID: 24494193 PMCID: PMC3909781 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyoxalase 1 (GlxI) is the key enzyme that converts the highly reactive α-oxo-aldehydes into the corresponding α-hydroxy acids using l-glutathione as a cofactor. In our preliminary data, GlxI was identified as a substrate of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a ubiquitous enzyme with multiple functions. According to the catalytic properties of TG2, protein cross-linking, polyamine conjugation, and/or deamidation are potential post-translational modifications. In this article, we have demonstrated that TG2 catalyzes either polyamine conjugation or deamidation to GlxI depending on the presence of polyamines or not. Deamidation leads to activation of GlxI while polyamine conjugation results in activation of GlxI as well as stabilization of GlxI against denaturation treatment. In cultured HeLa cells, methylglyoxal challenge causes increase in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium leading to TG2 activation and subsequent transamidation and activation of GlxI. The inhibition of TG2 significantly weakens the cell resistance to the methylglyoxal challenge. Thus, GlxI is a novel substrate of TG2 and is activated by TG2 in vitro and in cellulo. Exposure to methylglyoxal elicits a negative feedback loop entailing ROS, calcium, TG2 and GlxI, thus leading to attenuation of the increase in the methylglyoxal level. The results imply that cancer cells highly express TG2 or GlxI can endure the oxidative stress derived from higher glycolytic flux and may gain extra growth advantage from the aerobic glycolysis. We have demonstrated novel modifications of glyoxalase I by transglutaminase 2. The modifications mediated by transglutaminse 2 modulate the glyoxalase I activities. Methylglyoxal treatment in cells induces increases in the levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species and activation transglutaminase 2 and glyoxalase I. Cells dispose the accumulated intracellular methylglyoxal by a negative feedback loop consisting of reactive oxygen species, calcium, transglutaminase 2 and glyoxalase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, Technology Commons, Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Technology Commons, Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, Technology Commons, Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Correspondence to: Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 2 3366 4071; fax: +886 2 2363 5038.
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40
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Immunomodulation of macrophages by methylglyoxal conjugated with chitosan nanoparticles against Sarcoma-180 tumor in mice. Cell Immunol 2014; 287:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Klepinin A, Chekulayev V, Timohhina N, Shevchuk I, Tepp K, Kaldma A, Koit A, Saks V, Kaambre T. Comparative analysis of some aspects of mitochondrial metabolism in differentiated and undifferentiated neuroblastoma cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2013; 46:17-31. [PMID: 24072403 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-013-9529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to clarify some aspects of the mechanisms of regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. Experiments were performed on murine Neuro-2a (N2a) cell line, and the same cells differentiated by all-trans-retinoic acid (dN2a) served as in vitro model of normal neurons. Oxygraphy and Metabolic Control Analysis (MCA) were applied to characterize the function of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in NB cells. Flux control coefficients (FCCs) for components of the OXPHOS system were determined using titration studies with specific non-competitive inhibitors in the presence of exogenously added ADP. Respiration rates of undifferentiated Neuro-2a cells (uN2a) and the FCC of Complex-II in these cells were found to be considerably lower than those in dN2a cells. Our results show that NB is not an exclusively glycolytic tumor and could produce a considerable part of ATP via OXPHOS. Two important enzymes - hexokinase-2 and adenylate kinase-2 can play a role in the generation of ATP in NB cells. MCA has shown that in uN2a cells the key sites in the regulation of OXPHOS are complexes I, II and IV, whereas in dN2a cells complexes II and IV. Results obtained for the phosphate and adenine nucleotide carriers showed that in dN2a cells these carriers exerted lower control over the OXPHOS than in undifferentiated cells. The sum of FCCs for both types of NB cells was found to exceed significantly that for normal cells suggesting that in these cells the respiratory chain was somehow reorganized or assembled into large supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
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Su Y, Lei X, Wu L, Liu L. The role of endothelial cell adhesion molecules P-selectin, E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in leucocyte recruitment induced by exogenous methylglyoxal. Immunology 2012; 137:65-79. [PMID: 22681228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite formed during glucose, protein and fatty acid metabolism. In hyperglycaemic conditions, increased MG level has been linked to the development of diabetes and its vascular complications at the macrovascular and microvascular levels where inflammation plays a role. To study the mechanism of MG-induced inflammation in vivo, we applied MG locally to healthy mice and used intravital microscopy to investigate the role of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in MG-induced leucocyte recruitment in cremasteric microvasculature. Administration of MG (25 and 50 mg/kg) to the tissue dose-dependently induced leucocyte recruitment at 4.0-5.5 hr, with 84-92% recruited cells being neutrophils. Such MG treatment up-regulated the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules P-selectin, E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Activation of the nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway contributed to MG-induced up-regulation of these adhesion molecules and leucocyte recruitment. The role of the up-regulated endothelial cell adhesion molecules in MG-induced leucocyte recruitment was determined by applying specific functional blocking antibodies to MG-treated animals and observing changes in leucocyte recruitment parameters. Our data demonstrate that the up-regulation of P-selectin, E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 contributes to the increased leucocyte rolling flux, reduced leucocyte rolling velocity, and increased leucocyte adhesion, respectively. Our results reveal the role of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in MG-induced leucocyte recruitment in microvasculature, an inflammatory condition related to diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Pathological significance of mitochondrial glycation. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:843505. [PMID: 22778743 PMCID: PMC3388455 DOI: 10.1155/2012/843505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation, the nonenzymatic glycosylation of biomolecules, is commonly observed in diabetes and ageing. Reactive dicarbonyl species such as methylglyoxal and glyoxal are thought to be major physiological precursors of glycation. Because these dicarbonyls tend to be formed intracellularly, the levels of advanced glycation end products on cellular proteins are higher than on extracellular ones. The formation of glycation adducts within cells can have severe functional consequences such as inhibition of protein activity and promotion of DNA mutations. Although several lines of evidence suggest that there are specific mitochondrial targets of glycation, and mitochondrial dysfunction itself has been implicated in disease and ageing, it is unclear if glycation of biomolecules specifically within mitochondria induces dysfunction and contributes to disease pathology. We discuss here the possibility that mitochondrial glycation contributes to disease, focussing on diabetes, ageing, cancer, and neurodegeneration, and highlight the current limitations in our understanding of the pathological significance of mitochondrial glycation.
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Kim KM, Kim YS, Jung DH, Lee J, Kim JS. Increased glyoxalase I levels inhibit accumulation of oxidative stress and an advanced glycation end product in mouse mesangial cells cultured in high glucose. Exp Cell Res 2011; 318:152-9. [PMID: 22036650 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic high glucose levels lead to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) as well as AGE precursors, such as methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal, via non-enzymatic glycation reactions in patients with diabetic mellitus. Glyoxalase 1 (GLO-1) detoxifies reactive dicarbonyls that form AGEs. To investigate the interaction between AGEs and GLO-1 in mesangial cells (MCs) under diabetic conditions, AGE levels and markers of oxidative stress were measured in GLO-1-overexpressing MCs (GLO-1-MCs) cultured in high glucose. Furthermore, we also examined levels of high glucose-induced apoptosis in GLO-1-MCs. In glomerular MCs, high glucose levels increased the formation of both MG and argpyrimidine (an MG-derived adduct) as well as GLO-1 expression. GLO-1-MCs had lower intracellular levels of MG accumulation, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (an oxidative DNA damage marker), 4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal (a lipid peroxidation product), and nitrosylated protein (a marker of oxidative-nitrosative stress) compared to control cells. Expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes I, II, and III was also decreased in GLO-1-MCs. Furthermore, fewer GLO-1-MCs showed evidence of apoptosis as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick labeling assay, and activation of both poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 cleavage and caspase-3 was lower in GLO-1-MCs than in control cells cultured in high glucose. These results suggest that GLO-1 plays a role in high glucose-mediated signaling by reducing MG accumulation and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Kim
- Diabetic Complications Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 483 Exporo, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
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Ghosh A, Bera S, Ghosal S, Ray S, Basu A, Ray M. Differential inhibition/inactivation of mitochondrial complex I implicates its alteration in malignant cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:1051-60. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911090100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Explorations of the nature of the coupling interactions between vitamin C and methylglyoxal: a DFT study. Struct Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-011-9756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brouwers O, Niessen PM, Ferreira I, Miyata T, Scheffer PG, Teerlink T, Schrauwen P, Brownlee M, Stehouwer CD, Schalkwijk CG. Overexpression of glyoxalase-I reduces hyperglycemia-induced levels of advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:1374-80. [PMID: 21056979 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.144097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive advanced glycation end product (AGE) precursor methylglyoxal (MGO) and MGO-derived AGEs are associated with diabetic vascular complications and also with an increase in oxidative stress. Glyoxalase-I (GLO-I) transgenic rats were used to explore whether overexpression of this MGO detoxifying enzyme reduces levels of AGEs and oxidative stress in a rat model of diabetes. Rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin, and after 12 weeks, plasma and multiple tissues were isolated for analysis of AGEs, carbonyl stress, and oxidative stress. GLO-I activity was significantly elevated in multiple tissues of all transgenic rats compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Streptozotocin treatment resulted in a 5-fold increase in blood glucose concentrations irrespective of GLO-I overexpression. Levels of MGO, glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone, AGEs, and oxidative stress markers nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, and F2-isoprostane were elevated in the diabetic WT rats. In diabetic GLO-I rats, glyoxal and MGO composite scores were significantly decreased by 81%, and plasma AGEs and oxidative stress markers scores were significantly decreased by ∼50%. Hyperglycemia induced a decrease in protein levels of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complex in the gastrocnemius muscle, which was accompanied by an increase in the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and this was counteracted by GLO-I overexpression. This study shows for the first time in an in vivo model of diabetes that GLO-I overexpression reduces hyperglycemia-induced levels of carbonyl stress, AGEs, and oxidative stress. The reduction of oxidative stress by GLO-I overexpression directly demonstrates the link between glycation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Brouwers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Talukdar D, Chaudhuri BS, Ray M, Ray S. Critical evaluation of toxic versus beneficial effects of methylglyoxal. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 74:1059-69. [PMID: 19916918 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In various organisms, an array of enzymes is involved in the synthesis and breakdown of methylglyoxal. Through these enzymes, it is intimately linked to several other physiologically important metabolites, suggesting that methylglyoxal has some important role to play in the host organism. Several in vitro and in vivo studies showed that methylglyoxal acts specifically against different types of malignant cells. These studies culminated in a recent investigation to evaluate a methylglyoxal-based formulation in treating a small group of cancer patients, and the results were promising. Methylglyoxal acts against a number of pathogenic microorganisms. However, recent literature abounds with the toxic effects of methylglyoxal, which are supposed to be mediated through methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end products (AGE). Many diseases such as diabetes, cataract formation, hypertension, and uremia are proposed to be intimately linked with methylglyoxal-derived AGE. However methylglyoxal-derived AGE formation and subsequent pathogenesis might be a very minor event because AGE are nonspecific reaction products that are derived through the reactions of carbonyl groups of reducing sugars with amino groups present in the side chains of lysine and arginine and in terminal amino groups of proteins. Moreover, the results of some in vitro experiments with methylglyoxal under non-physiological conditions were extrapolated to the in vivo situation. Some experiments even showed contradictory results and were differently interpreted. For this reason conclusions about the potential beneficial effects of methylglyoxal have often been neglected, thus hindering the advancement of medical science and causing some confusion in fundamental understanding. Overall, the potential beneficial effects of methylglyoxal far outweigh its possible toxic role in vivo, and it should be utilized for the benefit of suffering humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Talukdar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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The role of glyoxalase system in renal hypoxia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 662:49-55. [PMID: 20204770 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1241-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive alpha-oxoaldehyde generated by oxidation of carbohydrate and glycolysis, binds to proteins and forms advanced glycation end products (AGE). MG and MG adducts have been implicated in oxidative stress-related diseases, therefore, MG detoxifying system such as the glyoxalase system (glyoxalase I) also contributes to progression of these diseases. Recent papers have emphasized the pathophysiological effects of MG and the glyoxalase system in acute hypoxic injury, which is associated with acute oxidative stress. We investigated the kinetics of MG level and glyoxalase I activity in renal acute hypoxic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). I/R induced tubulointerstitial injury and the histological changes were associated with a significant decrease in renal glyoxalase I activity and an increase in MG level in the damaged tubular cells. Of note, rats over expressing human glyoxalase I showed amelioration of I/R-induced histological and functional damages and it was associated with a decrease in MG level in the lesion resulting in reduction of oxidative stress and tubular cell apoptosis. In conclusion, glyoxalase I has renoprotective effects in renal hypoxia such as I/R injury via a reduction in cytotoxic MG level in tubular cells.
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