1
|
Protein-caloric restriction induced HPA axis activation and altered the milk composition imprint metabolism of weaned rat offspring. Nutrition 2023; 108:111945. [PMID: 36696704 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal protein-caloric restriction during lactation can malprogram offspring into having a lean phenotype associated with metabolic dysfunction in early life and adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between nutritional stress, maternal behavior and metabolism, milk composition, and offspring parameters. Additionally, we focused on the role of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivation during lactation. METHODS Dams were fed a low-protein diet (4% protein) during the first 2 wk of lactation or a normal-protein diet (20% protein) during all lactation. Analyses of dams, milk, and offspring were conducted on postnatal days (PD) 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS Body weight and food intake decreased in dams, which was associated with reduced fat pad stores and increased corticosterone levels at PD 14. The stressed low-protein diet dams demonstrated alterations in behavior and offspring care. Despite nutritional deprivation, dams adapted their metabolism to provide adequate energy supply through milk; however, we demonstrated elevated corticosterone and total fat levels in milk at PD 14. Male offspring also showed increased corticosterone at PD 7, associated with a lean phenotype and alterations in white and brown adipose tissue morphology at PD 21. CONCLUSION Exposure to protein-caloric restriction diet of dams during lactation increased the glucocorticoid levels in dams, milk, and offspring, which is associated with alterations in maternal behavior and milk composition. Thus, glucocorticoids and milk composition may play an important role in metabolic programming induced by maternal undernutrition.
Collapse
|
2
|
Spielau U, Vogel M, Körner A, Kiess W, Poulain T. Composition and Culture of Eating (CoCu) pregnancy: a new short questionnaire to evaluate diet composition and culture of eating during pregnancy. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:6227-6235. [PMID: 34180786 PMCID: PMC11148612 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The project aimed to validate a short questionnaire (CoCu pregnancy - Composition and Culture of Eating during pregnancy) and to investigate associations with age and socio-economic status (SES). DESIGN The questionnaire was developed according to the validated CoCu for children and adolescents containing a diet composition (fourteen items) and a culture of eating part (six items). A Nutritional Health Score (NHS) was calculated based on diet composition (-120 and +120, with higher scores indicating healthier diets). The validity was assessed by comparing answers in CoCu pregnancy with a FFQ. In a subsample (n 97), we assessed the percentage of having chosen the same (or adjacent) response categories in the 24th and 36th week of pregnancy (wp). SETTING Data were collected within the LIFE Child study in Leipzig, Germany. PARTICIPANTS We evaluated 430 questionnaires of pregnant women (24th wp). RESULTS The results indicated a healthy diet in the present sample (NHS at 24th wp = 49·74 (95 % CI 47·27, 52·22)). The analyses revealed significant positive correlations between CoCu and FFQ (rho ranging from 0·32 to 0·61). For each food item, >90 % of women had chosen the same (50-60 %) or adjacent response categories in the 24th and 36th wp. The analysis revealed associations of the NHS with age (β = 0·11, P = 0·027), SES (β = 0·21, P < 0·001), snacking (β = -0·24, P < 0·001) and media use (β = -0·18, P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS The questionnaire represents a useful tool for surveying the diets during pregnancy for research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Spielau
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Poulain
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim M, Voy BH. Fighting Fat With Fat: n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Adipose Deposition in Broiler Chickens. Front Physiol 2021; 12:755317. [PMID: 34658934 PMCID: PMC8511411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.755317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern broiler chickens are incredibly efficient, but they accumulate more adipose tissue than is physiologically necessary due to inadvertent consequences of selection for rapid growth. Accumulation of excess adipose tissue wastes feed in birds raised for market, and it compromises well-being in broiler-breeders. Studies driven by the obesity epidemic in humans demonstrate that the fatty acid profile of the diet influences adipose tissue growth and metabolism in ways that can be manipulated to reduce fat accretion. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) can inhibit adipocyte differentiation, induce fatty acid oxidation, and enhance energy expenditure, all of which can counteract the accretion of excess adipose tissue. This mini-review summarizes efforts to counteract the tendency for fat accretion in broilers by enriching the diet in n-3 PUFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brynn H. Voy
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Postprandial glycemic response differed by early life nutritional exposure in a longitudinal cohort: a single- and multi-biomarker approach. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1973-1984. [PMID: 32970235 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Populations malnourished in early life are at increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. We assessed if improved nutrition predicts cardiometabolic function, as assessed by postprandial biomarker responses. METHODS Participants had been randomized at the village level to receive one of two nutritional supplements as children. At mean age 44 y (range 37-53 years), we obtained plasma samples before and 2 h after a mixed-component meal challenge. We assayed biomarkers including lipids, glycemic measurements, and inflammatory cytokines. We compared postprandial biomarker responses among those who received the improved nutrition intervention from conception through to their second birthday (the first 1000 days) to those with other exposure status, including those who received the improved nutrition intervention at other ages, and those who received the less nutritious supplement. RESULTS Among 1027 participants (59.4% female), 22.9% were exposed to improved nutrition in the first 1000 days. Insulin increased the most in response to the meal challenge (over twofold), and non-esterified fatty acids decreased the most (by half). Glucose increased postprandial by 11.4% in the exposed group, compared with 15.7% in the other exposure group (p < 0.05), which remained significant after adjusting for confounders (- 4.7%; 95% confidence interval: - 9.3%, - 0.01%). Responses to the prandial challenges for the other biomarkers did not differ by intervention group (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Early life exposure to improved nutrition was associated with a more favorable postprandial glucose response in this population. We did not observe a difference in overall cardiometabolic responses between the exposure groups.
Collapse
|
5
|
Insulin sensitivity in male sheep born to ewes treated with testosterone during pregnancy. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:456-464. [PMID: 32662387 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In animal models, exposure to excess testosterone during gestation induces polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like reproductive and metabolic traits in female offspring, suggesting that the hyperandrogenemic intrauterine environment may have a role in the etiology of PCOS. Additionally, few studies have also addressed metabolic and reproductive outcomes in male offspring. In the present study, the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IGTT) was used to assess the insulin-glucose homeostasis at various ages during sexual development in male sheep born to testosterone-treated ewes. To further analyze the programming effect of testosterone on insulin-glucose homeostasis, indexes of insulin sensitivity were assessed in orchidectomized post-pubertal males born to testosterone-treated ewes (Torq-males) and orchidectomized post-puberal controls (Corq-males) before and 48 h after a testosterone injection. There was no difference in insulin sensitivity indexes between males born to testosterone-treated ewes (T-males) and control males born to control ewes (C-males) at 5, 10, 20 and 30 weeks of age, representing the infantile, early and late pre-pubertal, and early post-pubertal stage of sexual development, respectively. In orchidectomized males, basal levels of insulin and glucose were not different between both groups before and after the testosterone injection; however, Torq-males released more insulin before and after T challenge during the first 20 min of the test. Despite this, plasma glucose concentrations were not different in both groups during IVGTT, resulting in an insulin sensitivity index composite similar between groups. We concluded that the effect of prenatal exposure to excess testosterone may reprogram the pancreatic β-cells insulin release in ovine males, with effects more evident in castrated males versus intact males.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cholinergic-pathway-weakness-associated pancreatic islet dysfunction: a low-protein-diet imprint effect on weaned rat offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:484-491. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCurrently, metabolic disorders are one of the major health problems worldwide, which have been shown to be related to perinatal nutritional insults, and the autonomic nervous system and endocrine pancreas are pivotal targets of the malprogramming of metabolic function. We aimed to assess glucose–insulin homeostasis and the involvement of cholinergic responsiveness (vagus nerve activity and insulinotropic muscarinic response) in pancreatic islet capacity to secrete insulin in weaned rat offspring whose mothers were undernourished in the first 2 weeks of the suckling phase. At delivery, dams were fed a low-protein (4% protein, LP group) or a normal-protein diet (20.5% protein, NP group) during the first 2 weeks of the suckling period. Litter size was adjusted to six pups per mother, and rats were weaned at 21 days old. Weaned LP rats presented a lean phenotype (P < 0.01); hypoglycaemia, hypoinsulinaemia and hypoleptinaemia (P < 0.05); and normal corticosteronaemia (P > 0.05). In addition, milk insulin levels in mothers of the LP rats were twofold higher than those of mothers of the NP rats (P < 0.001). Regarding glucose–insulin homeostasis, weaned LP rats were glucose-intolerant (P < 0.01) and displayed impaired pancreatic islet insulinotropic function (P < 0.05). The M3 subtype of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3mAChR) from weaned LP rats was less responsive, and the superior vagus nerve electrical activity was reduced by 30% (P < 0.01). A low-protein diet in the suckling period malprogrammes the vagus nerve to low tonus and impairs muscarinic response in the pancreatic β-cells of weaned rats, which are imprinted to secrete inadequate insulin amounts from an early age.
Collapse
|
7
|
Facchi JC, Lima TALD, Oliveira LRD, Costermani HDO, Miranda GDS, de Oliveira JC. Perinatal programming of metabolic diseases: The role of glucocorticoids. Metabolism 2020; 104:154047. [PMID: 31837301 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide increase in metabolic diseases has urged the scientific community to improve our understanding about the mechanisms underlying its cause and effects. A well supported area of studies had related maternal stress with early programming to the later metabolic diseases. Mechanisms upon origins of metabolic disturbances are not yet fully understood, even though stressful factors rising glucocorticoids have been put out as pivotal trigger by programming metabolic diseases as long-term consequence. Considering energy balance and glucose homeostasis, by producing and/or sensing regulator signals, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and endocrine pancreas are directly affected by glucocorticoids excess. We focus on the evidences reporting the role of increased glucocorticoids due to perinatal insults on the physiological systems involved in the metabolic homeostasis and in the target organs such as endocrine pancreas, white adipose tissue and blood vessels. Besides, we review some mechanisms underlining the malprogramming of type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Studies on this field are currently ongoing and even there is a good understanding regarding the effects of glucocorticoids addressing metabolic diseases, few is known about the relationship between maternal insults rising glucocorticoids to pups' metabolic disturbances, a thorough understanding about that may provide pivotal clinical clues regarding those disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Cristina Facchi
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Thalyne Aparecida Leite de Lima
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ryba de Oliveira
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Hercules de Oliveira Costermani
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Ginislene Dias Souza Miranda
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramsay TG, Kahl S, Long JA, Summers KL. Peripheral histamine and neonatal growth performance in swine. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 70:106370. [PMID: 31585314 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Identification of plasma and/or serum markers at birth that will predict animal performance may be useful for identifying animals susceptible to poor growth. Metabolomic analysis of plasma from newborn swine was used to identified potential metabolite differences between 8 pairs of littermates with similar birth weights but whose ADG differed by >50 g/d so that, at weaning (21 d), littermates differed in BW by 1.62 kg (P < 0.01). Plasma analysis failed to identify metabolic pathways impacted by growth, most likely because of the small sample population. Interestingly, despite comparative analysis of 576 metabolites between these slow-growing and normal-growing littermates, the relative abundance of only 36 metabolites differed between the pairs. Most of these metabolites could be eliminated as potential markers because of the difficulty with the extraction and rapid measurement of their plasma/serum concentrations. Histamine differed from most of these potential metabolite markers in that commercial sandwich ELISAs are readily available. Using an ELISA, we verified the metabolomic data, demonstrating that plasma histamine concentrations were 150% higher in slow-growing than normal growing littermates of similar birth weight (P < 0.05). Subsequently, a separate data set was obtained using swine from a different geographical location and genetic background and also showed that elevated histamine (ng/mL) at birth is associated with increased preweaning growth rate (P = 0.009, r = 0.306, n = 9 litters). Together, the data indicate that perinatal histamine concentrations may serve as a tool to identify potentially slower growing pigs and as a serum biomarker for predicting litter growth rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T G Ramsay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - S Kahl
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - J A Long
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - K L Summers
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Protein-restriction diet during the suckling phase programs rat metabolism against obesity and insulin resistance exacerbation induced by a high-fat diet in adulthood. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
10
|
Aya-Ramos L, Contreras-Vargas C, Rico JL, Dueñas Z. Early maternal separation induces preference for sucrose and aspartame associated with increased blood glucose and hyperactivity. Food Funct 2017; 8:2592-2600. [PMID: 28686282 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress and exposure to sweeteners lead to physiological and behavioral alterations in adulthood. Nevertheless, many genetic and environmental factors as well as the neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to the development of these disorders are not fully understood. Similarly, evidence about the long-term metabolic effects of exposure to sweeteners in early life is limited and inconsistent. This study used an animal model of maternal separation during breastfeeding (MS) to analyze the effects of early life stress on consumption of sweeteners, weight gain, blood glucose and locomotion. Rats were housed under a reversed light/dark cycle (lights off at 7:00 h) with ad libitum access to water and food. In the MS protocol, MS pups were separated from the dam for 6 h per day in two periods of 180 minutes (7:00-10:00 and 13:00-16:00 h) during the dark phase of postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND 21. Non-separated (NS) pups served as controls. On PND 22 rats were grouped by sex and treatment. From PND 26 to PND 50 sucrose and aspartame were provided to rats, and sweetener intake, body weight and blood glucose-related measures were scored. On PND 50, both male and female rats were exposed to the open field test to obtain locomotion and anxiety-related measures. Results showed that both early maternal separation and sweetener intake during adolescence resulted in increased blood glucose and hyperactivity in male rats but not in female rats. Data suggest that the combination of early stress and exposure to sucrose and aspartame could be a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes, as well as for behavioral alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Aya-Ramos
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias fisiológicas, Grupo neurobiología y comportamiento, Bogotá, D.C. 11001, Colombia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Diz-Chaves Y, Gil-Lozano M, Toba L, Fandiño J, Ogando H, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Stressing diabetes? The hidden links between insulinotropic peptides and the HPA axis. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:R77-94. [PMID: 27325244 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus exerts metabolic stress on cells and it provokes a chronic increase in the long-term activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, perhaps thereby contributing to insulin resistance. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are pleiotropic hormones that not only affect glycaemic and metabolic control, but they also produce many other effects including activation of the HPA axis. In fact, several of the most relevant effects of GLP-1 might involve, at least in part, the modulation of the HPA axis. Thus, the anorectic activity of GLP-1 could be mediated by increasing CRF at the hypothalamic level, while its lipolytic effects could imply a local increase in glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptor (GC-R) expression in adipose tissue. Indeed, the potent activation of the HPA axis by GLP-1R agonists occurs within the range of therapeutic doses and with a short latency. Interestingly, the interactions of GLP-1 with the HPA axis may underlie most of the effects of GLP-1 on food intake control, glycaemic metabolism, adipose tissue biology and the responses to stress. Moreover, such activity has been observed in animal models (mice and rats), as well as in normal humans and in type I or type II diabetic patients. Accordingly, better understanding of how GLP-1R agonists modulate the activity of the HPA axis in diabetic subjects, especially obese individuals, will be crucial to design new and more efficient therapies for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Gil-Lozano
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Laura Toba
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Juan Fandiño
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Hugo Ogando
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C González-Matías
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyCenter for Biomedical Research - CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur - IISGSVigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bollwein H, Janett F, Kaske M. Impact of nutritional programming on the growth, health, and sexual development of bull calves. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56 Suppl:S180-90. [PMID: 27345315 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The growth, health, and reproductive performance of bull calves are important prerequisites for a successful cattle breeding program. Therefore, several attempts have been made to improve these parameters via nutritional programming. Although an increase in energy uptake during the postweaning period (7-8 mo of age) of the calves leads to a faster growing rate, it has no positive effects on sexual development. In contrast, a high-nutrition diet during the prepubertal period (8-20 wk of age) reduced the age at puberty of the bulls and increased the size and/or weight of the testis and the epididymal sperm reserves. This faster sexual development is associated with an increased transient LH peak, which seems to be mediated by an increase in serum IGF-I concentrations. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the interaction between nutrition and the subsequent development of the calves are not clear. The sexual development of bull calves depends not only on the nutrition of the calves after birth but also on the feed intake of their mothers during pregnancy. In contrast to the effects of the feed intake of the bull calves, a high-nutrition diet fed to the mother during the first trimester has negative effects on the reproductive performance of their offspring. In conclusion, it has been clearly demonstrated that growth, health, and reproductive performance can be improved by nutritional programming, but further studies are necessary to obtain a better understanding about the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich.
| | - F Janett
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich
| | - M Kaske
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Debost-Legrand A, Warembourg C, Massart C, Chevrier C, Bonvallot N, Monfort C, Rouget F, Bonnet F, Cordier S. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and organophosphate pesticides, and markers of glucose metabolism at birth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 146:207-17. [PMID: 26775002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence suggests that developmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POP) and to some non persistent pesticides may disrupt metabolic regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and thereby contribute to the current epidemic of obesity and metabolic disorders. Quasi-experimental situations of undernutrition in utero have provided some information. However, the evidence in humans concerning the role of the prenatal environment in these disorders is contradictory, and little is known about long-term outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes, of prenatal exposure. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to POP and organophosphate pesticides on fetal markers of glucose metabolism in a sample of newborns from the Pelagie mother-child cohort in Brittany (France). METHODS Dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites of organophosphate pesticides were measured in maternal urine collected at the beginning of pregnancy. Cord blood was assayed for polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB153), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) and other POP. Insulin and adiponectin were determined in cord blood serum (n=268). RESULTS A decrease in adiponectin and insulin levels was observed with increasing levels of DDE, but only in girls and not boys. Adiponectin levels were not related to the concentrations of other POP or DAP metabolites. Decreasing insulin levels were observed with increasing PCB153 concentrations. Insulin levels increased with DAP urinary levels. Additional adjustment for BMI z-score at birth modified some of these relations. CONCLUSIONS Our observations bring support for a potential role of organophosphate pesticides and POP in alterations to glucose metabolism observable at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Debost-Legrand
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Santé Publique, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, EA 4681, PEPRADE, Université d'Auvergne, F- 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charline Warembourg
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Massart
- Laboratory of Hormonology, CIC-P INSERM 1414, CHU Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Bonvallot
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Ecole des Hautes études en Santé Publique (EHESP), F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Florence Rouget
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France; Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France; Service Endocrinologie, CHU de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; Inserm U1018, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, F-94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Malta A, de Moura EG, Ribeiro TA, Tófolo LP, Abdennebi-Najar L, Vieau D, Barella LF, de Freitas Mathias PC, Lisboa PC, de Oliveira JC. Protein-energy malnutrition at mid-adulthood does not imprint long-term metabolic consequences in male rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1423-33. [PMID: 26133298 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The long-term effects of the development of chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity have been associated with nutritional insults in critical life stages. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a low-protein diet on metabolism in mid-adulthood male rats. METHODS At 90 days of age, Wistar male rats were fed a low-protein diet (4.0 %, LP group) for 30 days, whereas control rats were fed a normal-protein diet (20.5 %, NP group) throughout their lifetimes. To allow for dietary rehabilitation, from 120 to 180 days of age, the LP rats were fed a normal-protein diet. Then, we measured body composition, fat stores, glucose-insulin homeostasis and pancreatic islet function. RESULTS At 120 days of age, just after low-protein diet treatment, the LP rats displayed a strong lean phenotype, hypoinsulinemia, as assessed under fasting and glucose tolerance test conditions, as well as weak pancreatic islet insulinotropic response to glucose and acetylcholine (p < 0.01). At 180 days of age, after poor-protein diet rehabilitation, the LP rats displayed a slight lean phenotype (p < 0.05), which was associated with a high body weight gain (p < 0.001). Additionally, fat pad accumulation, glycemia and insulinemia, as well as the pancreatic islet insulinotropic response, were not significantly different between the LP and NP rats (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present data suggest that the effects of dietary restriction as a stressor in adulthood are reversible with dietary rehabilitation, indicating that adulthood is not a sensitive or critical time window for metabolic programming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Didier Vieau
- Maternal Perinatal Undernutrition Team, Perinatal Environment and Growth Laboratory, Lille-North of France University, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Luiz Felipe Barella
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pase CS, Teixeira AM, Roversi K, Dias VT, Calabrese F, Molteni R, Franchi S, Panerai AE, Riva MA, Burger ME. Olive oil-enriched diet reduces brain oxidative damages and ameliorates neurotrophic factor gene expression in different life stages of rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1200-7. [PMID: 26168701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the influence of maternal diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids on oxidative and molecular parameters in brains of mouse pups as well as their body weight during their lifetime. Female rats received a diet containing 20% of olive oil-enriched diet (OOED) and a standard diet control diet (CD) in different periods: pregnancy, lactation and after weaning until pups' adulthood. On the last prenatal day (Group 1), embryos from OOED group showed smaller body weight, brain weight and lower levels of sulphydryl groups glutathione reduced (GSH) in the brain. On postnatal delay-21 (PND21) (Group 2), pups from OOED group showed higher body weight and brain weight, reduced brain weight/body weight ratio and lower brain lipid peroxidation (LP). On PND70 (Group 3), pups from OOED group showed lower brain LP and higher levels of GSH in prefrontal cortex and lower brain levels of reactive species in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the group of animals whose diet was modified from OOED to CD on PND21 showed greater weight gain compared to the group that remained in the same original diet (OOED) until adulthood. Furthermore, OOED consumption during pregnancy and lactation significantly increased BDNF only, as well as its main transcripts exon IV and VI mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, OOED significantly up-regulated FGF-2 mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex. These findings open a pioneering line of investigation about dietary adjunctive therapeutic strategies and the potential of healthy dietary habits to prevent neonatal conditions and their influence on adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Simonetti Pase
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Roversi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bagheripuor F, Ghanbari M, Zahediasl S, Ghasemi A. Comparison of the effects of fetal hypothyroidism on glucose tolerance in male and female rat offspring. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:179-85. [PMID: 25649149 PMCID: PMC10717632 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are vital for survival of mammalian species and play critical roles in growth, development, and metabolism. Both fetal hypothyroidism and sex can affect carbohydrate metabolism during adult life. This study aims to assess carbohydrate metabolism in male and female offspring born from mothers who were hypothyroid during pregnancy. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups; the controls consumed water and the hypothyroid group received water containing 0.025 % 6-propyl-2-thiouracial throughout gestation. The intravenous glucose tolerance test (0.5 g/kg glucose) was carried out in 3-month-old offspring. Findings showed that compared to controls, male fetal hypothyroid rats during adulthood had glucose intolerance (area under the curve: 446.4 ± 9.7 vs. 486.4 ± 8.8, p < 0.01 in control and fetal hypothyroid groups, respectively) whereas females had improved glucose tolerance (478.1 ± 7.0 vs. 455.9 ± 8.5, p < 0.01). In conclusion, sex could modulate the effects of fetal hypothyroidism on glucose tolerance in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bagheripuor
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghanbari
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saleh Zahediasl
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li M, Reynolds C, Sloboda D, Gray C, Vickers M. Maternal taurine supplementation attenuates maternal fructose-induced metabolic and inflammatory dysregulation and partially reverses adverse metabolic programming in offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:267-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
18
|
Hanson MA, Gluckman PD. Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology? Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1027-76. [PMID: 25287859 PMCID: PMC4187033 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological processes associated with chronic, especially noncommunicable, disease (NCD). This field is recognized as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). We discuss the extent to which DOHaD represents the result of the physiological processes of developmental plasticity, which may have potential adverse consequences in terms of NCD risk later, or whether it is the manifestation of pathophysiological processes acting in early life but only becoming apparent as disease later. We argue that the evidence suggests the former, through the operation of conditioning processes induced across the normal range of developmental environments, and we summarize current knowledge of the physiological processes involved. The adaptive pathway to later risk accords with current concepts in evolutionary developmental biology, especially those concerning parental effects. Outside the normal range, effects on development can result in nonadaptive processes, and we review their underlying mechanisms and consequences. New concepts concerning the underlying epigenetic and other mechanisms involved in both disruptive and nondisruptive pathways to disease are reviewed, including the evidence for transgenerational passage of risk from both maternal and paternal lines. These concepts have wider implications for understanding the causes and possible prevention of NCDs such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, for broader social policy and for the increasing attention paid in public health to the lifecourse approach to NCD prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Hanson
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, and NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; and Liggins Institute and Gravida (National Centre for Growth and Development), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P D Gluckman
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, and NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; and Liggins Institute and Gravida (National Centre for Growth and Development), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jousse C, Muranishi Y, Parry L, Montaurier C, Even P, Launay JM, Carraro V, Maurin AC, Averous J, Chaveroux C, Bruhat A, Mallet J, Morio B, Fafournoux P. Perinatal protein malnutrition affects mitochondrial function in adult and results in a resistance to high fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104896. [PMID: 25118945 PMCID: PMC4132016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological findings indicate that transient environmental influences during perinatal life, especially nutrition, may have deleterious heritable health effects lasting for the entire life. Indeed, the fetal organism develops specific adaptations that permanently change its physiology/metabolism and that persist even in the absence of the stimulus that initiated them. This process is termed "nutritional programming". We previously demonstrated that mothers fed a Low-Protein-Diet (LPD) during gestation and lactation give birth to F1-LPD animals presenting metabolic consequences that are different from those observed when the nutritional stress is applied during gestation only. Compared to control mice, adult F1-LPD animals have a lower body weight and exhibit a higher food intake suggesting that maternal protein under-nutrition during gestation and lactation affects the energy metabolism of F1-LPD offspring. In this study, we investigated the origin of this apparent energy wasting process in F1-LPD and demonstrated that minimal energy expenditure is increased, due to both an increased mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and an increased mitochondrial density in White Adipose Tissue. Importantly, F1-LPD mice are protected against high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Clearly, different paradigms of exposure to malnutrition may be associated with differences in energy expenditure, food intake, weight and different susceptibilities to various symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome. Taken together these results demonstrate that intra-uterine environment is a major contributor to the future of individuals and disturbance at a critical period of development may compromise their health. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanisms may give access to useful knowledge regarding the onset of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Jousse
- UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont 1, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Yuki Muranishi
- UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont 1, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Laurent Parry
- UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont 1, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Christophe Montaurier
- UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont 1, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Patrick Even
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire/Equipe Associée (EA) 3621, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Lariboisière, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Carraro
- UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont 1, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Maurin
- UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont 1, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Julien Averous
- UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont 1, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Cédric Chaveroux
- UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont 1, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Alain Bruhat
- UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont 1, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Jacques Mallet
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs, UMR7091, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris Université/CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Morio
- UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont 1, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Pierre Fafournoux
- UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont 1, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Loria AS, Ho DH, Pollock JS. A mechanistic look at the effects of adversity early in life on cardiovascular disease risk during adulthood. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:277-87. [PMID: 24330084 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Early origins of adult disease may be defined as adversity or challenges during early life that alter physiological responses and prime the organism to chronic disease in adult life. Adverse childhood experiences or early life stress (ELS) may be considered a silent independent risk factor capable of predicting future cardiovascular disease risk. Maternal separation (MatSep) provides a suitable model to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ELS increases the risk to develop cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The aim of this review is to describe the links between behavioural stress early in life and chronic cardiovascular disease risk in adulthood. We will discuss the following: (i) adult cardiovascular outcomes in humans subjected to ELS, (ii) MatSep as an animal model of ELS as well as the limitations and advantages of this model in rodents and (iii) possible ELS-induced mechanisms that predispose individuals to greater cardiovascular risk. Overall, exposure to a behavioural stressor early in life sensitizes the response to a second stressor later in life, thus unmasking an exaggerated cardiovascular dysfunction that may influence quality of life and life expectancy in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Loria
- Section of Experimental Medicine; Department of Medicine; Georgia Regents University; Augusta GA USA
| | - D. H. Ho
- Section of Experimental Medicine; Department of Medicine; Georgia Regents University; Augusta GA USA
| | - J. S. Pollock
- Section of Experimental Medicine; Department of Medicine; Georgia Regents University; Augusta GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dietert RR. Developmental Immunotoxicity, Perinatal Programming, and Noncommunicable Diseases: Focus on Human Studies. Adv Med 2014; 2014:867805. [PMID: 26556429 PMCID: PMC4590951 DOI: 10.1155/2014/867805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) is a term given to encompass the environmentally induced disruption of normal immune development resulting in adverse outcomes. A myriad of chemical, physical, and psychological factors can all contribute to DIT. As a core component of the developmental origins of adult disease, DIT is interlinked with three important concepts surrounding health risks across a lifetime: (1) the Barker Hypothesis, which connects prenatal development to later-life diseases, (2) the hygiene hypothesis, which connects newborns and infants to risk of later-life diseases and, (3) fetal programming and epigenetic alterations, which may exert effects both in later life and across future generations. This review of DIT considers: (1) the history and context of DIT research, (2) the fundamental features of DIT, (3) the emerging role of DIT in risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and (4) the range of risk factors that have been investigated through human research. The emphasis on the human DIT-related literature is significant since most prior reviews of DIT have largely focused on animal research and considerations of specific categories of risk factors (e.g., heavy metals). Risk factors considered in this review include air pollution, aluminum, antibiotics, arsenic, bisphenol A, ethanol, lead (Pb), maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke, paracetamol (acetaminophen), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polyfluorinated compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney R. Dietert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, North Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- *Rodney R. Dietert:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karbalaei N, Ghasemi A, Hedayati M, Godini A, Zahediasl S. The possible mechanisms by which maternal hypothyroidism impairs insulin secretion in adult male offspring in rats. Exp Physiol 2013; 99:701-14. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.073825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Karbalaei
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular & Molecular Endocrine Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Aliashraf Godini
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marcelino AA, Moura AS, Barradas PC, Tenório F. Hypothalamic Nuclei Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Rats Malnourished During Early Lactation Period. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 7:177-84. [PMID: 15526992 DOI: 10.1080/10284150412331279809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In humans and other animals, it has been shown that protein malnutrition during the prenatal period leads to permanent changes, which in adulthood may cause chronic diseases. Molecules involved in the control of energy metabolism could be targets to alterations caused by nutritional status. Some hypothalamic nuclei as the paraventricular (PVN), ventro-medial and arcuate are related to energy metabolism regulation. Orexigenic and anorexigenic molecules are involved in this regulation. Some studies have showed that these nuclei present nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and that it is increased in obese rats. Recently it had been shown that rats malnourished during the lactation period presented metabolic alterations that persist in adulthood. The aim of this work was to study the expression of NOS in hypothalamic nuclei of rats submitted to malnutrition during the early lactation period. Rats from post-natal day (P10) to P90 were used. Control dams were fed with regular chow pellets and diet dams were fed with protein-free chow pellets during the first 10 days of lactation. NADPH-diaphorase or immunostaining techniques were used to access NOS expression in hypothalamic nuclei. Our results show a delay in NOS expression in the PVN and VMH of malnourished rats. It may affect the development of the hypothalamic circuitry, leading to a metabolic imprinting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Marcelino
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de setembro, 87, fds, 5 andar, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Montanha-Rojas EA, Ferreira AA, Tenório F, Barradas PC. Myelin basic protein accumulation is impaired in a model of protein deficiency during development. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 8:49-56. [PMID: 15909767 DOI: 10.1080/10284150500049886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During the development of the central nervous system (CNS) there is a great possibility of permanent effects in consequence of environmental disturbances. Nutritional deficiency is one of the factors that impair the normal CNS formation. In general, the protein deficiency evokes, beyond the damages in the maturation of nervous system, several consequences in body growth, biochemical maturation, motor function and the major cognitive functions. These effects were observed in undernourished children all over the world. Even in a restricted period, the malnutrition status may evoke permanent impairments in feeding behavior and in metabolism. Rats submitted to malnutrition during development, showed a marked decrease in the number of myelinated fibers. This condition may reflect a failure in the beginning of the wrapping of axons by oligodendroglial processes and/or a delay in the myelin synthesis. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is an intracellular oligodendrocyte protein that is directly related to the formation of the myelin sheath. In this study we verified the temporal pattern of MBP expression, by immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analyses, in a model of protein malnutrition induced during the first half of the lactation period. We showed that MBP expression was impaired in our malnutrition model and that some of the effects were maintained in adulthood, with possible consequences in the maturation of myelin sheath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Montanha-Rojas
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Prenatal food restriction induces a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis-associated neuroendocrine metabolic programmed alteration in adult offspring rats. Arch Med Res 2013; 44:335-45. [PMID: 23911676 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intrauterine growth restriction produces susceptibility to adult metabolic syndrome, which may be caused by the permanent alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. We aimed to verify that HPA axis-associated neuroendocrine metabolic programming is altered in food-restricted (FR) offspring. METHODS Maternal rats were fed a restricted diet from gestational day 11 until full-term delivery, all pups were fed a high-fat diet after weaning and exposed to unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) during postnatal weeks 17-20. RESULTS Serum levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and corticosterone in adult offspring of the prenatal FR group were lower than the control (CN) rats before UCS but increased significantly after UCS. Serum glucose levels in the FR group were normal before UCS but increased after UCS. Serum insulin levels were significantly decreased in FR males but showed a slight increase in FR females before UCS; however, insulin levels decreased significantly in the FR male and female rats after UCS. Before UCS, serum lipid levels were higher in the FR males but were normal in the FR females; after UCS, FR males had a slight decrease and FR females had an increasing trend in serum lipids levels. Lipid droplets in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and livers of the FR group indicated steatosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that prenatal food restriction alters HPA axis-associated neuroendocrine metabolism in adult offspring fed a high-fat diet, which may originate from the intrauterine programming and increase the susceptibility to adult metabolic diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Impaired β-cell function in the adult offspring of rats fed a protein-restricted diet during lactation is associated with changes in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:227-35. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513002213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Impaired pancreatic β-cell function, as observed in the cases of early nutrition disturbance, is a major hallmark of metabolic diseases arising in adulthood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the function/composition of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes, M2 and M3, in the pancreatic islets of adult offspring of rats that were protein malnourished during lactation. Neonates were nursed by mothers that were fed either a low-protein (4 %, LP) or a normal-protein (23 %, NP) diet. Adult rats were pre-treated with anti-muscarinic drugs and subjected to the glucose tolerance test; the function and protein expression levels of M2mAChR and M3mAChR were determined. The LP rats were lean and hypoinsulinaemic. The selective M2mAChR antagonist methoctramine increased insulinaemia by 31 % in the NP rats and 155 % in the LP rats, and insulin secretion was increased by 32 % in the islets of the NP rats and 88 % in those of the LP rats. The selective M3mAChR antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide decreased insulinaemia by 63 % in the NP rats and 40 % in the LP rats and reduced insulin release by 41 % in the islets of the NP rats and 28 % in those of the LP rats. The protein expression levels of M2mAChR and M3mAChR were 57 % higher and 53 % lower, respectively, in the islets of the LP rats than in those of the NP rats. The expression and functional compositions of M2mAChR and M3mAChR were altered in the islets of the LP rats, as a result of metabolic programming caused by the protein-restricted diet, which might be another possible effect involved in the weak insulin secretion ability of the islets of the programmed adult rats.
Collapse
|
27
|
Karbalaei N, Ghasemi A, Faraji F, Zahediasl S. Comparison of the effect of maternal hypothyroidism on carbohydrate metabolism in young and aged male offspring in rats. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.743164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Faraji
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Saleh Zahediasl
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
de Oliveira JC, Grassiolli S, Gravena C, de Mathias PCF. Early postnatal low-protein nutrition, metabolic programming and the autonomic nervous system in adult life. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:80. [PMID: 22967456 PMCID: PMC3463445 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein restriction during lactation has been used as a rat model of metabolic programming to study the impact of perinatal malnutrition on adult metabolism. In contrast to protein restriction during fetal life, protein restriction during lactation did not appear to cause either obesity or the hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as hyperinsulinemia, when individuals reached adulthood. However, protein restriction provokes body underweight and hypoinsulinemia. This review is focused on the regulation of insulin secretion and the influence of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in adult rats that were protein-malnourished during lactation. The data available on the topic suggest that the perinatal phase of lactation, when insulted by protein deficit, imprints the adult metabolism and thereby alters the glycemic control. Although hypoinsulinemia programs adult rats to maintain normoglycemia, pancreatic β-cells are less sensitive to secretion stimuli, such as glucose and cholinergic agents. These pancreatic dysfunctions may be attributed to an imbalance of ANS activity recorded in adult rats that experienced maternal protein restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Block H67, room 19, State University of Maringá/UEM - Colombo Avenue 5970, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fetal programming of body composition, obesity, and metabolic function: the role of intrauterine stress and stress biology. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:632548. [PMID: 22655178 PMCID: PMC3359710 DOI: 10.1155/2012/632548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological, clinical, physiological, cellular, and molecular evidence suggests that the origins of obesity and metabolic dysfunction can be traced back to intrauterine life and supports an important role for maternal nutrition prior to and during gestation in fetal programming. The elucidation of underlying mechanisms is an area of interest and intense investigation. In this perspectives paper we propose that in addition to maternal nutrition-related processes it may be important to concurrently consider the potential role of intrauterine stress and stress biology. We frame our arguments in the larger context of an evolutionary-developmental perspective that supports roles for both nutrition and stress as key environmental conditions driving natural selection and developmental plasticity. We suggest that intrauterine stress exposure may interact with the nutritional milieu, and that stress biology may represent an underlying mechanism mediating the effects of diverse intrauterine perturbations, including but not limited to maternal nutritional insults (undernutrition and overnutrition), on brain and peripheral targets of programming of body composition, energy balance homeostasis, and metabolic function. We discuss putative maternal-placental-fetal endocrine and immune/inflammatory candidate mechanisms that may underlie the long-term effects of intrauterine stress. We conclude with a commentary of the implications for future research and clinical practice.
Collapse
|
30
|
Grjibovski AM, Harris JR, Magnus P. Birthweight and Adult Health in a Population-Based Sample of Norwegian Twins. Twin Res Hum Genet 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/twin.8.2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPopulation-based twin data were used to test (a) whether lower birthweight confers a greater risk of adult health disorders, and (b) whether within-pair birthweight differences in twins explain discordance for health outcomes. The sample consisted of 1201 monozygotic (MZ) male twins, 1048 dizygotic (DZ) male twins, 1679 MZ female twins, 1489 DZ female twins, and 2423 opposite-sex DZ twins, born in Norway between 1967 and 1979. The relationship between birthweight and self-reported health outcomes were studied using multivariable logistic regression. In the full sample (n= 7840), birthweight was negatively associated with risk for nearsightedness (odds ratio OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65 – 0.92) and minimal brain disorder (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.16–0.44) when adjusted for gestational age, sex, zygosity, age, education and body mass index after correction for intraclass correlations and multiple comparisons. Within-pair analysis of 159 MZ and 224 DZ pairs revealed that myopic twins were on average 2 g (p= .966) and 64 g (p= .040) lighter than nonmyopic twins in MZ and DZ pairs respectively, suggesting that genetic factors may play an important role in the associations between birthweight and nearsightedness. Within-pair analysis of twins discordant for a minimal brain disorder indicated that affected twins were 80 g (p= .655) and 85 g (p= .655) lighter than their healthy co-twins in MZ and DZ pairs respectively, although there were only 2 MZ and 2 DZ discordant pairs.
Collapse
|
31
|
Baxi DB, Singh PK, Vachhrajani KD, Ramachandran AV. Neonatal corticosterone programs for thrifty phenotype adult diabetic manifestations and oxidative stress: countering effect of melatonin as a deprogrammer. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25:1574-85. [PMID: 22185560 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.648235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study assesses the thrifty phenotype response of neonatal corticosterone programming to a diabetogenic challenge in adult rats and the role of melatonin as a deprogrammer. METHODS Neonates of both sexes, born of healthy male and female rats maintained under standard conditions of temperature and light, were separated and, equal number of pups was assigned to lactating mothers. Pups treated with either saline or corticosterone or, a combination of corticosterone and melatonin from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 14 and, at 120 days of age, six animals from each treatment group were rendered diabetic by alloxanization. Various serum and tissue parameters pertaining to glycaemic regulation, dyslipidemia, hepatic and renal distress and oxidative stress were analysed in adult rats of all groups. RESULTS The results indicate compromised feed efficiency, hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinemia, decreased glycogen content, elevated serum and tissue lipids and serum markers of hepatic and renal stress, together with increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants in corticosterone programmed diabetic animals than in the non-programmed diabetic rats. However, treatment with melatonin simultaneously prevented to a significant extent the alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin is a potent deprogrammer of neonatal corticosterone programming effects and the adult thrifty phenotype alteration to a diabetogenic challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darshee B Baxi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, The M.S. University of Baroda, Gujarat, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Loria AS, Kang KT, Pollock DM, Pollock JS. Early life stress enhances angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction by reduced endothelial nitric oxide buffering capacity. Hypertension 2011; 58:619-26. [PMID: 21876076 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.168674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that maternal separation (MS) sensitizes adult rats to angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the vascular reactivity to Ang II and the role of renin-angiotensin system components, reactive oxygen species production, and NO synthase (NOS) buffering capacity mediating the exacerbated Ang II-induced responses. MS rats were separated from their mothers for 3 h/d from days 2 to 14 of life. Controls were nonhandled littermates. At 12 weeks of age, aortic Ang II-induced constriction was greater from MS rats compared with controls (P<0.05); moreover, endothelial denudation abolished this difference. The response to other constrictors was unchanged. Angiotensin type 2 receptor function was reduced in aortic Ang II-induced constriction from MS rats compared with controls. Angiotensin type 1 receptor function was similarly abolished in both groups. However, protein expressions of angiotensin type 1 and angiotensin type 2 receptors were similar in aortic rings from MS and control rats. Preincubation with superoxide inhibitor or scavenger attenuated the Ang II-induced vasoconstriction in control but not in MS rats. However, acute preincubation with an NOS inhibitor enhanced aortic Ang II-induced constriction in aorta from control rats, but this effect was significantly reduced in MS rats compared with control rats. Accordingly, a further increase in Ang II-induced hypertension attributed to chronic NOS inhibition (days 10 to 13) was blunted in MS rats compared with control rats. Similar NOS expression and activity were observed in control and MS rats. In conclusion, MS induces a phenotype with reduced endothelial NOS buffering capacity leading to dysfunctional endothelial Ang II-mediated signaling and sensitization to Ang II-induced vasoconstriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Analia S Loria
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Baxi DB, Singh PK, Vachhrajani KD, Ramachandran AV. Plasticity changes in adult metabolic homeostasis and tissue oxidative stress: neonatal programming by corticosterone and melatonin as deprogrammer. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 25:831-44. [PMID: 21848498 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.599456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term plasticity changes induced by neonatal corticosterone programming on adult metabolic status and the deprogramming effect of melatonin. METHODS Male and female Wistar rats were maintained under standard conditions and when mated females delivered pups, neonates of both sexes were separated and equal number of pups was assigned to lactating mothers. Pups treated with saline, corticosterone or a combination of corticosterone and melatonin from PND 2 to PND 14, were maintained until 120 days of age. Various serum and tissue parameters pertaining to glycaemic regulation, dyslipidemia, hepatic and renal distress and oxidative stress were analyzed in adult rats. RESULTS Neonatal corticosterone exposure induced dyslipidemia, increased fed and fasting glucose levels, insulin resistance, lipid peroxidation, serum levels of insulin, corticosterone and hepatic and renal dysfunction markers and decreased the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, relatively more in males. Melatonin proved as an effective deprogrammer of corticosterone induced plasticity changes. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal corticosterone exposure induces long lasting effects on adult physiology and metabolism. Concurrent treatment with melatonin effectively deprograms the changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darshee B Baxi
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jousse C, Parry L, Lambert‐Langlais S, Maurin A, Averous J, Bruhat A, Carraro V, Tost J, Letteron P, Chen P, Jockers R, Launay J, Mallet J, Fafournoux P. Perinatal undernutrition affects the methylation and expression of the leptin gene in adults: implication for the understanding of metabolic syndrome. FASEB J 2011; 25:3271-8. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-181792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Jousse
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019 Unité de Nutrition HumaineSaint Genès ChampanelleFrance
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)ParisFrance
| | - Laurent Parry
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019 Unité de Nutrition HumaineSaint Genès ChampanelleFrance
| | - Sarah Lambert‐Langlais
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019 Unité de Nutrition HumaineSaint Genès ChampanelleFrance
| | - Anne‐Catherine Maurin
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019 Unité de Nutrition HumaineSaint Genès ChampanelleFrance
| | - Julien Averous
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019 Unité de Nutrition HumaineSaint Genès ChampanelleFrance
| | - Alain Bruhat
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019 Unité de Nutrition HumaineSaint Genès ChampanelleFrance
| | - Valérie Carraro
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019 Unité de Nutrition HumaineSaint Genès ChampanelleFrance
| | - Jorg Tost
- Laboratory for EpigeneticsCentre National de GénotypageCommissariat à l'énergie Atomique (CEA)‐Institut de GénomiqueEvryFrance
| | - Philippe Letteron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U773/CRB3 Faculté de Médecine Xavier BichatParisFrance
| | - Patty Chen
- INSERM U1016CNRS UMR 8104Institut CochinParisFrance
| | - Ralf Jockers
- INSERM U1016CNRS UMR 8104Institut CochinParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Marie Launay
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire/Equipe Associée (EA) 3621Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP)Hôpital LariboisièreFaculté de PharmacieUniversité Paris DescartesParisFrance
| | - Jacques Mallet
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus NeurodégénératifsUMR 7091Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris Université/CNRSHôpital de la Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Pierre Fafournoux
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1019 Unité de Nutrition HumaineSaint Genès ChampanelleFrance
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)ParisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nie J, DuBois DC, Jusko WJ, Almon RR. Mechanistic population modeling of diabetes disease progression in Goto-Kakizaki rat muscle. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2010; 32:50-63. [PMID: 21162119 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is a lipid status responsive gene involved in muscle fuel selection. Evidence is mounting in support of the therapeutic potential of PDK4 inhibitors to treat diabetes. Factors that regulate PDK4 mRNA expression include plasma corticosterone, insulin and free fatty acids. The objective was to determine the impact of those plasma factors on PDK4 mRNA and to develop and validate a population mathematical model to differentiate aging, diet and disease effects on muscle PDK4 expression. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, a polygenic non-obese model of type 2 diabetes, was used as the diabetic animal model. Muscle PDK4 mRNA expression was examined by real-time QRTPCR. Groups of GK rats along with controls fed with either a normal or high fat diet were killed at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age. Plasma corticosterone, insulin and free fatty acids were measured. The proposed mechanism-based model successfully described the age, disease and diet effects and the relative contribution of these plasma regulators on PDK4 mRNA expression. Muscle growth reduced the PDK4 mRNA production rate by 14% per gram increase. The high fat diet increased the initial production rate constant in GK rats by 2.19-fold. The model indicated that corticosterone had a moderate effect and PDK4 was more sensitive to free fatty acid than insulin fluxes, which was in good agreement with the literature data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bengtson MB, Aamodt G, Vatn MH, Harris JR. Concordance for IBD among twins compared to ordinary siblings--a Norwegian population-based study. J Crohns Colitis 2010; 4:312-8. [PMID: 21122520 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Comparing the risk to develop concordant disease among twins with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to ordinary siblings. Moreover, clinical characteristics of IBD and the association between perinatal factors and IBD, were evaluated. METHODS Patients with IBD, enrolled from an incidence study between 1990 and 1994, and the twins were identified from the Norwegian national birth registry, which was established in 1967. RESULTS Eight monozygotic and 16 dizygotic pairs, in which at least one twin reported a positive history of IBD were compared to 84 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 87 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) from the incidence study. The relative risks for concordant disease in monozygotic pairs were estimated to 95.4 (95% CI: 76.3, 114.6) and 49.5 (95% CI: 35.7, 63.3) for CD and UC, respectively. The corresponding risks in dizygotic pairs were 42.4 (95% CI: 29.6, 55.2) and 0.0. Among ordinary siblings of CD and UC the risks for concordance were 22.7 (95% CI: 13.3, 32.1) and 4.6 (95% CI: 0.4, 8.7), respectively. Stricturing disease was significantly higher in twins with CD compared to incidental cases. The first-born twin in pairs discordant for disease, 12 out of 19 (63.2%), tended to be affected by IBD (p=0.10). CONCLUSION Genetic factors influence the development of IBD and fibrostenotic disease in CD. The increased risk for concordant disease among dizygotic twins compared to ordinary siblings, at least in CD, might underscore the importance of shared environment in utero or in childhood.
Collapse
|
37
|
Protzek AOP, Rafacho A, Viscelli BA, Bosqueiro JR, Cappelli AP, Paula FMM, Boschero AC, Pinheiro EC. Insulin and glucose sensitivity, insulin secretion and beta-cell distribution in endocrine pancreas of the fruit bat Artibeus lituratus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 157:142-8. [PMID: 20566319 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The fruit bat Artibeus lituratus absorbs large amounts of glucose in short periods of time and maintains normoglycemia even after a prolonged starvation period. Based on these data, we aimed to investigate various aspects related with glucose homeostasis analyzing: blood glucose and insulin levels, intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests (ipGTT and ipITT), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (2.8, 5.6 or 8.3 mmol/L glucose) in pancreas fragments, cellular distribution of beta cells, and the amount of pAkt/Akt in the pectoral muscle and liver. Blood glucose levels were higher in fed bats (6.88+/-0.5 mmol/L) than fasted bats (4.0+/-0.8 mmol/L), whereas insulin levels were similar in both conditions. The values of the area-under-the curve obtained from ipGTT were significantly higher when bats received 2 (5.5-fold) or 3g/kg glucose (7.5-fold) b.w compared to control (saline). These bats also exhibited a significant decrease of blood glucose values after insulin administration during the ipITT. Insulin secretion from fragments of pancreas under physiological concentrations of glucose (5.6 or 8.3 mmol/L) was similar but higher than in 2.8 mmol/L glucose 1.8- and 2.0-fold, respectively. These bats showed a marked beta-cell distribution along the pancreas, and the pancreatic beta cells are not exclusively located at the central part of the islet. The insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation was more pronounced in the pectoral muscle, compared to liver. The high sensitivity to glucose and insulin, the proper insulin response to glucose, and the presence of an apparent large beta-cell population could represent benefits for the management of high influx of glucose from a carbohydrate-rich meal, which permits appropriate glucose utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A O P Protzek
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Holness MJ, Caton PW, Sugden MC. Acute and long-term nutrient-led modifications of gene expression: Potential role of SIRT1 as a central co-ordinator of short and longer-term programming of tissue function. Nutrition 2010; 26:491-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
39
|
Loria AS, D'Angelo G, Pollock DM, Pollock JS. Early life stress downregulates endothelin receptor expression and enhances acute stress-mediated blood pressure responses in adult rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R185-91. [PMID: 20410476 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00333.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that early life stress enhances endothelin (ET-1)-dependent acute stress responses in adulthood. We utilized a unique rat model, wild-type (WT) and ET(B) receptor-deficient spotting lethal (sl/sl) rats, as well as pharmacological blockade of ET receptors, in a model of early life stress, maternal separation (MS). MS was performed in male WT and sl/sl rats 3 h/day from day 2 to 14 of life. Acute air jet stress (AJS)-induced responses (elevation in blood pressure, plasma corticosterone, and plasma ET-1) were evaluated in adult MS rats compared with the nonhandled littermate (control) rats. MS significantly augmented the acute AJS-induced blood pressure response (area under the curve) in WT rats compared with control, while the AJS-induced pressor responses were similar in sl/sl MS and control rats. ET receptor blockade significantly blunted the AJS-induced pressor response in WT MS and control rats. Moreover, AJS-induced plasma corticosterone levels in control rats were sensitive to ET receptor blockade, yet, AJS did not alter plasma corticosterone levels in MS rats. MS significantly increased circulating ET-1 levels, and AJS-induced plasma ET-1 levels were similarly increased in control and MS rats. MS induced a significant downregulation in expression of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors in aortic tissue compared with control rats. These results indicate that early life stress reduced expression of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors, leading to alterations in the ET pathway, and an exaggerated acute stress-mediated pressor response in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Analia S Loria
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
We examine the consequences of child health for economic and health outcomes in adulthood, using height as a marker of childhood health. After reviewing previous evidence, we present a conceptual framework that highlights data limitations and methodological problems that complicate the study of this topic. We then present estimates of the associations between height and a range of outcomes--including schooling, employment, earnings, health, and cognitive ability--measured in five data sets from early to late adulthood. These results indicate that, on average, taller individuals attain higher levels of education. Height is also positively associated with better economic, health, and cognitive outcomes. These associations are only partially explained by the higher average educational attainment of taller individuals. We then use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults survey to document the associations between health, cognitive development, and growth in childhood. Even among children with the same mother, taller siblings score better on cognitive tests and progress through school more quickly. Part of the differences found between siblings arises from differences in their birth weights and lengths attributable to mother's behaviors while pregnant. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that childhood health influences health and economic status throughout adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Case
- Center for Health and Wellbeing, Princeton University, 367 Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Loria AS, Pollock DM, Pollock JS. Early life stress sensitizes rats to angiotensin II-induced hypertension and vascular inflammation in adult life. Hypertension 2009; 55:494-9. [PMID: 20026758 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.145391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Maternal separation during early life is an established chronic behavioral model of early life stress in rats. It is known that perinatal adverse environments increase activity of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system, specifically Ang II, in adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the effects of early life stress augment the sensitivity of the Ang II pathway. Using Wistar Kyoto rats, the maternal separation (MS) protocol was performed by separating approximately half of the male pups from their mother 3 h/d from days 2 to 14 of life. Pups remaining with the mother at all times were used as controls. Maternal separation did not influence the plasma basal parameters, such as blood glucose, insulin, Ang II, Ang 1-7 and plasma renin activity. Furthermore, body weight, blood pressure, and heart rate were similar in MS and control rats. The acute pressor response to Ang II was not different in anesthetized MS and control rats. However, the chronic infusion of Ang II (65 ng/min SC) elicited an exaggerated hypertensive response in MS compared with control rats (P<0.05). Surprisingly, HR was dramatically increased during the second week of Ang II infusion in MS compared with control rats (P<0.05). This enhanced Ang II sensitivity was accompanied by a greater vascular inflammatory response in MS versus control rats. Chronic Ang II infusion increased vascular wall structure in both groups similarly. These data indicate that early life stress sensitizes rats to an increased hemodynamic and inflammatory response during Ang II-induced hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Analia S Loria
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga 30912, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
White adipose tissue is a mesenchymal tissue that begins developing in the fetus. Classically known for storing the body's fuel reserves, adipose tissue is now recognized as an endocrine organ. As such, the secretions from adipose tissue are known to affect several systems such as the vascular and immune systems and play major roles in metabolism. Numerous studies have shown nutrient or hormonal manipulations can greatly influence adipose tissue development. In addition, the associations between various disease states, such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, and disregulation of adipose tissue seen in epidemiological and intervention studies are great. Evaluation of known adipokines suggests these factors secreted from adipose tissue play roles in several pathologies. As the identification of more adipokines and determination of their role in biological systems, and the interactions between adipocytes and other cells types continues, there is little doubt that we will gain a greater appreciation for a tissue once thought to simply store excess energy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Berleze KJ, Müller AP, Schweigert ID, Longoni A, Sordi F, de Assis AM, Rotta LN, de Souza DOG, Perry MLS. Gestational and postnatal low protein diet alters insulin sensitivity in female rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:1437-44. [PMID: 19934364 DOI: 10.3181/0903-rm-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation can program an offspring's metabolism with regard to glucose and lipid homeostasis. A suboptimal environment during fetal, neonatal and infant development is associated with impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in later adult life. However, studies on the effects of a low protein diet imposed from the beginning of gestation until adulthood are scarce. This study's objective was to investigate the effects of a low protein diet imposed from the gestational period until 4 months of age on the parameters of glucose tolerance and insulin responsiveness in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into a low protein diet group and a control group and received a diet with either 7% or 25% protein, respectively. After birth, the rats received the same diet as their mothers, until 4 months of age. In the low protein diet group it was observed that: (i) the hepatic glycogen concentration and hepatic glycogen synthesis from glycerol were significantly greater than in the control group; (ii) the disposal of 2-deoxyglucose in soleum skeletal muscle slices was 29.8% higher than in the control group; (iii) there was both a higher glucose tolerance in the glucose tolerance test; and (iv) a higher insulin responsiveness in than in the control group. The results suggest that the low protein diet animals show higher glucose tolerance and insulin responsiveness relative to normally nourished rats. These findings were supported by the higher hepatic glycogen synthesis and the higher disposal of 2-deoxyglucose in soleum skeletal muscle found in the low protein diet rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kally J Berleze
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Craft TKS, Devries AC. Vulnerability to stroke: implications of perinatal programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Behav Neurosci 2009; 3:54. [PMID: 20057937 PMCID: PMC2802556 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.08.054.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is capable of exacerbating each major, modifiable, endogenous risk factor for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, exposure to stress can increase both the incidence and severity of stroke, presumably through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Now that characterization of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic programming of the HPA axis is well underway, there has been renewed interest in examining the role of early environment on the evolution of health conditions across the entire lifespan. Indeed, neonatal manipulations in rodents that reduce stress responsivity, and subsequent life-time exposure to glucocorticoids, are associated with a reduction in the development of neuroendocrine, neuroanatomical, and cognitive dysfunctions that typically progress with age. Although improved day to day regulation of the HPA axis also may be accompanied by a decrease in stroke risk, evidence from rodent studies suggest that an associated cost could be increased susceptibility to inflammation and neuronal death in the event that a stroke does occur and the individual is exposed to persistently elevated corticosteroids. Given its importance in regulation of health and disease states, any long-term modulation of the HPA axis is likely to be associated with both benefits and potential risks. The goals of this review article are to examine (1) the clinical and experimental data suggesting that neonatal experiences can shape HPA axis regulation, (2) the influence of stress and the HPA axis on stroke incidence and severity, and (3) the potential for neonatal programming of the HPA axis to impact adult cerebrovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara K S Craft
- Departments of Psychology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Oak S, Tran C, Castillo MO, Thamotharan S, Thamotharan M, Devaskar SU. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist improves skeletal muscle insulin signaling in the pregestational intrauterine growth-restricted rat offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 297:E514-24. [PMID: 19491300 PMCID: PMC2724105 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00008.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of early intervention with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist on skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation and insulin signaling was examined in intrauterine (IUGR) and postnatal (PNGR) growth-restricted pregestational female rat offspring. Rosiglitazone [11 mumol/day provided from postnatal day (PN)21 to PN60] improved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and GLUT4 translocation in prenatal nutrient restriction [50% calories from embryonic day (e)11 to e21; IUGR] with (IUGR+PNGR) and without (IUGR) postnatal nutrient restriction (50% calories from PN1 to PN21; PNGR) similar to that of control (ad libitum feeds throughout; Con) (n = 6 each). This was accomplished by diminished basal and improved insulin-responsive GLUT4 association with the plasma membrane in IUGR, IUGR+PNGR, and PNGR mimicking that in Con (P < 0.005). While no change in p85-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was observed, a decrease in protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B; P < 0.0002) and SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2; P < 0.05) contributing to the rosiglitazone-induced insulin sensitivity was seen only in IUGR+PNGR. In contrast, an increase in phosphorylated 5'-adenosine monophosphate kinase (pAMPK; P < 0.04) and insulin responsiveness of phosphorylated phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pPDK1; P < 0.05), pAkt (P < 0.01), and particularly pPKCzeta (P < 0.0001) and its corresponding enzyme activity (P < 0.005) were observed in all four experimental groups. We conclude that early introduction of PPARgamma agonist improved skeletal muscle activation of AMPK and insulin signaling, resulting in insulin-independent AMPK and insulin-responsive GLUT4 association with plasma membranes in IUGR, IUGR+PNGR, and PNGR adult offspring, similar to that of Con. These findings support a role for insulin sensitizers in preventing the subsequent development of gestational or type 2 diabetes mellitus in intrauterine and postnatal growth-restricted offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Oak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Effect of maternal diabetes on postnatal development of brush border enzymes and transport functions in rat intestine. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 49:8-15. [PMID: 19465872 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e318189f2eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The effect of alloxan-induced maternal diabetes has been studied on the postnatal development of brush border enzymes in rat intestine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced by injecting alloxan in rat mothers on day 3 of gestation. RESULTS There was no change in gestational period (22 days) in control and diabetic groups; however, the litter size was reduced (P < 0.001) in diabetic mothers compared with controls. Body weight of pups born to diabetic mothers was significantly low up to 45 days of postnatal age compared with controls. Analysis of brush border enzymes revealed elevated levels of lactase (76%), sucrase (46%), maltase (25%), trehalase (38%), alkaline phosphatase (57%), and leucine aminopeptidase (56%) up to 21 days of postnatal age in diabetic group compared with controls. However, in 30- to 45-day-old animals, the enzyme levels were either reduced in diabetic group or there was no change compared with controls. Western blot analysis corroborated the enzyme analysis data in purified brush borders. Also, 45 days after birth, the intestinal uptake of D-glucose and glycine was significantly high (30%-61%) in pups from diabetic dams compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that alloxan-induced maternal diabetes influences the postnatal development of intestine and the expression of various brush border enzymes and transport functions in rat intestine. This could affect the growth and development of the offspring during the postnatal period.
Collapse
|
47
|
Impact of maternal dietary fatty acid composition on glucose and lipid metabolism in male rat offspring aged 105 d. Br J Nutr 2009; 102:233-41. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508198993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the intake ofn-6 PUFA andtrans-fatty acids (TFA) has increased, whereasn-3 PUFA intake has decreased. The present study investigated the effects of maternal diet high inn-6 PUFA,n-3 PUFA or TFA on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and fatty acid profile in male offspring. Female weanling Wistar/NIN rats were randomly assigned to receive either a diet high in linoleic acid (LA), or α-linolenic acid (ALA), or long-chainn-3 PUFA (fish oil; FO), or TFA, for 90 d, and mated. Upon weaning, pups were randomly divided into seven groups (mother's diet-pup's diet): LA-LA, LA-ALA, LA-FO, ALA-ALA, FO-FO, TFA-TFA and TFA-LA. At the age of 105 d, an oral glucose tolerance test, adipocyte glucose transport and muscle phospholipid fatty acid composition were measured in the pups. All animals displayed normal insulin sensitivity as evidenced by similar plasma insulin and area under the curve of insulin after an oral glucose load. Maternal intake ofn-3 PUFA (ALA or FO) resulted in highern-3 PUFA in the offspring. Plasma cholesterol and NEFA were significantly higher in the TFA-TFA group compared with the other groups. Adipocyte insulin-stimulated glucose transport and adiponectin mRNA expression were lower in TFA-TFA and TFA-LA offspring compared with the other groups. While most mother-pup fatty acid combinations did not influence the measured variables in the pups, these results indicate that maternal intake of TFA led to an unfavourable profile in the pups through to the age of 105 d, whether the pups consumed TFA, or not.
Collapse
|
48
|
Miñana-Solis MDC, Escobar C. Post-weaning protein malnutrition in the rat produces short and long term metabolic impairment, in contrast to earlier and later periods. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:422-32. [PMID: 19043606 PMCID: PMC2586678 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition during gestation and lactation modifies metabolic strategies and leads to metabolic disease in adult life. Studies in human populations suggest that malnutrition during infancy may also induce long term metabolic disorders. The present study investigated if post-weaning and a late period of development might be sensitive for long term metabolic impairment. Hereto male Wistar rats were malnourished with a low protein diet (6%), during gestation and lactation (MGL), from weaning to 55 days (MPW) or during adulthood from 90 to 120 days (MA). Control rats (C) were fed with a regular diet (23% protein). We determine plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, triacylglycerols (TAG), free fatty acids (FFA), and liver glycogen after a Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT). Independent of the age of onset, malnutrition induced low body weight. Early and post-weaning malnutrition produced impaired glucose tolerance and low values of TAG, also in MPW induced low values of insulin and glucagon. At 90 days, after balanced diet rehabilitation, the MGL group showed a similar glucose tolerance test as the controls but display low values of insulin, while the MPW group exhibited high levels of glucose and TAG, and low values of insulin, glucagon, FFA and hepatic glycogen. At 180 days, after balanced rehabilitation only MPW rats showed metabolic alterations. Malnutrition during adult life (MA) did not produce metabolic disturbances. Surprisingly the results uncover the post-weaning stage as a vulnerable period to malnutrition that induces long lasting metabolic alterations and deficiency in pancreatic function.
Collapse
|
49
|
Role of nuclear receptors in the modulation of insulin secretion in lipid-induced insulin resistance. Biochem Soc Trans 2008; 36:891-900. [PMID: 18793157 DOI: 10.1042/bst0360891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In healthy individuals, a hyperbolic relationship exists between whole-body insulin-sensitivity and insulin secretion. Thus, for any difference in insulin-sensitivity, a reciprocal proportionate change occurs in insulin secretion. Such a feedback loop is evident in healthy individuals ingesting diets high in saturated fat and in late pregnancy where, despite lipid-induced insulin resistance, glucose tolerance is maintained through augmented GSIS (glucose-stimulated insulin secretion). NRs (nuclear receptors) are members of a superfamily of ligand-regulated and orphan transcription factors. On activation by a cognate ligand, many ligand-activated NRs recruit the RXR (retinoid X receptor) for heterodimer formation. Such NRs include the PPARs (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors), which are involved in lipid sensing and liporegulation. PPARs exert important lipid-lowering effects in vivo, thereby opposing the development of lipid-induced insulin resistance by relieving the inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal by muscle and lowering the necessity for augmented GSIS to counter lipid-induced insulin resistance. Long-chain fatty acids are proposed as natural PPAR ligands and some specific endogenous pathways of lipid metabolism are believed to generate PPAR agonists. Other NRs, e.g. the LXR (liver X receptor), which senses expansion of the metabolically active pool of cholesterol, and the FXR (farnesoid X receptor; NR1H4), which, like the LXR, is involved in sterol metabolism, also modulate systemic lipid levels and insulin-sensitivity. In this review, we discuss how these NRs impact insulin secretion via effects on the insulin-sensitivity-insulin secretion feedback loop and, in some cases, via direct effects on the islet itself. In addition, we discuss interactions between these nutrient/metabolite-responsive NRs and NRs that are central to the action of metabolically important hormones, including (i) the glucocorticoid receptor, critical for maintaining glucose homoeostasis in stress, inflammation and during fasting, and (ii) the thyroid hormone receptors, vital for maintenance of oxidative functions. We present data indicating that the RXR occupies a key role in directly modulating islet function and that its heterodimerization with at least two of its partners modulates GSIS.
Collapse
|
50
|
Garcia-Souza EP, da Silva SV, Félix GB, Rodrigues AL, de Freitas MS, Moura AS, Barja-Fidalgo C. Maternal protein restriction during early lactation induces GLUT4 translocation and mTOR/Akt activation in adipocytes of adult rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E626-36. [PMID: 18559980 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00439.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that early postnatal nutrition has been associated with long-term effects on glucose homeostasis in adulthood. Recently, our group demonstrated that undernutrition during early lactation affects the expression and activation of key proteins of the insulin signaling cascade in rat skeletal muscle during postnatal development. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which undernutrition during early life leads to changes in insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, we investigated the insulin signaling in adipose tissue. Adipocytes were isolated from epididymal fat pads of adult male rats that were the offspring of dams fed either a normal or a protein-free diet during the first 10 days of lactation. The cells were incubated with 100 nM insulin before the assays for immunoblotting analysis, 2-deoxyglucose uptake, immunocytochemistry for GLUT4, and/or actin filaments. Following insulin stimulation, adipocytes isolated from undernourished rats presented reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and IRS-1 and increased basal phosphorylation of IRS-2, Akt, and mTOR compared with controls. Basal glucose uptake was increased in adipocytes from the undernourished group, and the treatment with LY294002 induced only a partial inhibition both in basal and in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, suggesting an involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity. These alterations were accompanied by higher GLUT4 content in the plasma membrane and alterations in the actin cytoskeleton dynamics. These data suggest that early postnatal undernutrition impairs insulin sensitivity in adulthood by promoting changes in critical steps of insulin signaling in adipose tissue, which may contribute to permanent changes in glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Patrícia Garcia-Souza
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|