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Baenas N, Vega-García A, Manjarrez-Marmolejo J, Moreno DA, Feria-Romero IA. The preventive effects of broccoli bioactives against cancer: Evidence from a validated rat glioma model. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115720. [PMID: 37839110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggressive and incurable diffuse gliomas constitute 80% of malignant brain tumors, and patients succumb to recurrent surgeries and drug resistance. Epidemiological research indicates that substantial consumption of fruits and vegetables diminishes the risk of developing this tumor type. Broccoli consumption has shown beneficial effects in both cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. These effects are partially attributed to the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), which can regulate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, stimulate detoxifying enzymes, and activate cellular antioxidant defense processes. This study employs a C6 rat glioma model to assess the chemoprotective potential of aqueous extracts from broccoli seeds, sprouts, and inflorescences, all rich in SFN, and pure SFN as positive control. The findings reveal that administering a dose of 100 mg/kg of broccoli sprout aqueous extract and 0.1 mg/kg of SFN to animals for 30 days before introducing 1 × 104 cells effectively halts tumor growth and progression. This study underscores the significance of exploring foods abundant in bioactive compounds, such as derivatives of broccoli, for potential preventive integration into daily diets. Using broccoli sprouts as a natural defense against cancer development might seem idealistic, yet this investigation establishes that administering this extract proves to be a valuable approach in designing strategies for glioma prevention. Although the findings stem from a rat glioma model, they offer promising insights for subsequent preclinical and clinical research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Baenas
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Angélica Vega-García
- Neurological Diseases Medical Research Unit, National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manjarrez-Marmolejo
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Reticular Formation, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab (LabFAS), Department of Food Science Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo - 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Iris A Feria-Romero
- Neurological Diseases Medical Research Unit, National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico.
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2
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Transcriptome Analysis of Glutathione Response: RNA-Seq Provides Insights into Balance between Antioxidant Response and Glucosinolate Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071322. [PMID: 35883813 PMCID: PMC9312034 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
When being stressed, plants require a balance between the resistance pathway and metabolism. Glucosinolates (GS) are secondary metabolics that widely exist in Brassicaceae. Glutathione (GSH) not only participates in plant processing reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also directly participates in GS synthesis as a sulfur donor. Therefore, we used transcriptomic to identify antioxidant and GS metabolism responses in GSH-treated pakchoi. Our study elucidated that GSH can be used as priming to improve oxidative resistance and preferentially stimulate the expression of resistance genes such as CAT1. The reduction in transcription factor expression inhibits the key steps of the GS synthesis pathway. When ROS returned to normal level, the resistance gene decreased and returned to normal level, while GSH restored the gene expression of GS biosynthesis. This work puts forward the mechanism of GSH in regulating the antioxidant system and glucosinolate metabolic pathway, which provides a basis for further study on the relationship between environmental signals and plant metabolism and provides ideas for follow-up research.
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3
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Bouranis JA, Beaver LM, Ho E. Metabolic Fate of Dietary Glucosinolates and Their Metabolites: A Role for the Microbiome. Front Nutr 2021; 8:748433. [PMID: 34631775 PMCID: PMC8492924 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.748433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust evidence shows that phytochemicals from cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli, are associated with numerous health benefits. The anti-cancer properties of these foods are attributed to bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs) and indoles, phytochemicals generated from biological precursor compounds called glucosinolates. ITCs, and particularly sulforaphane (SFN), are of intense interest as they block the initiation, and suppress the progression of cancer, through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The efficacy of these compounds is well-demonstrated in cell culture and animal models, however, high levels of inter-individual variation in absorption and excretion of ITCs is a significant barrier to the use of dietary glucosinolates to prevent and treat disease. The source of inter-individual ITC variation has yet to be fully elucidated and the gut microbiome may play a key role. This review highlights evidence that the gut microbiome influences the metabolic fate and activity of ITCs. Human feeding trials have shown inter-individual variations in gut microbiome composition coincides with variations in ITC absorption and excretion, and some bacteria produce ITCs from glucosinolates. Additionally, consumption of cruciferous vegetables can alter the composition of the gut microbiome and shift the physiochemical environment of the gut lumen, influencing the production of phytochemicals. Microbiome and diet induced changes to ITC metabolism may lead to the decrease of cancer fighting phytochemicals such as SFN and increase the production of biologically inert ones like SFN-nitrile. We conclude by offering perspective on the use of novel “omics” technologies to elucidate the interplay of the gut microbiome and ITC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bouranis
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Laura M Beaver
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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4
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Yang Q, Nakamura T, Seto M, Miyagawa M, Xu W, Zhu B, Munemasa S, Murata Y, Nakamura Y. A multidrug resistance-associated protein inhibitor is a potential enhancer of the benzyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis induction in human colorectal cancer cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22791. [PMID: 33880814 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing drug efflux through the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is the most plausible mechanism that mediates resistance to the anticancer phytochemicals, such as benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), as well as chemotherapy drugs. To identify a potential component to overcome this resistance by combinatory utilization, we focused on multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) pumping various drug metabolites with glutathione as well as the organic anions. The pharmacological treatment of an MRP inhibitor, MK571, significantly potentiated the BITC-induced antiproliferation, coincided with the enhanced accumulation of BITC and glutathione in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells. MK571 also enhanced the apoptosis induction as well as activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and caspase-3, whereas it did not affect their basal levels. These results suggested that, since MRPs might play a pivotal role in the BITC efflux, MK571 potentiates the BITC-induced antiproliferation in human colorectal cancer cells through inhibition of the glutathione-dependent BITC efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifu Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China.,Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Seto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miku Miyagawa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Wensi Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China.,Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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5
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Elkashty OA, Tran SD. Sulforaphane as a Promising Natural Molecule for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:250-269. [PMID: 33877541 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenicity-inhibiting compounds have been identified in our daily diet. For example, isothiocyanates (ITCs) found in cruciferous vegetables were reported to have potent cancer-prevention activities. The best characterized ITC is sulforaphane (SF). SF can simultaneously modulate multiple cellular targets involved in carcinogenesis, including (1) modulating carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and blocking the action of mutagens; (2) inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis; and (3) inhibition of neo-angiogenesis and metastasis. SF targets cancer stem cells through modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Sonic hedgehog (SHH), epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Conventional chemotherapy/SF combination was tested in several studies and resulted in favorable outcomes. With its favorable toxicological profile, SF is a promising agent in cancer prevention and/or therapy. In this article, we discuss the human metabolism of SF and its effects on cancer prevention, treatment, and targeting cancer stem cells, as well as providing a brief review of recent human clinical trials on SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada.
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6
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Schepici G, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Efficacy of Sulforaphane in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228637. [PMID: 33207780 PMCID: PMC7698208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytocompound belonging to the isothiocyanate family. Although it was also found in seeds and mature plants, SFN is mainly present in sprouts of many cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts. SFN is produced by the conversion of glucoraphanin through the enzyme myrosinase, which leads to the formation of this isothiocyanate. SFN is especially characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, and for this reason, it aroused the interest of researchers. The aim of this review is to summarize the experimental studies present on Pubmed that report the efficacy of SFN in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, thanks to its beneficial effects, SFN could be useful as a supplement to counteracting neurodegenerative diseases.
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7
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Hudlikar R, Wang L, Wu R, Li S, Peter R, Shannar A, Chou PJ, Liu X, Liu Z, Kuo HCD, Kong AN. Epigenetics/Epigenomics and Prevention of Early Stages of Cancer by Isothiocyanates. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:151-164. [PMID: 33055265 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease and cancer development takes 10-50 years involving epigenetics. Evidence suggests that approximately 80% of human cancers are linked to environmental factors impinging upon genetics/epigenetics. Because advanced metastasized cancers are resistant to radiotherapy/chemotherapeutic drugs, cancer prevention by relatively nontoxic chemopreventive "epigenetic modifiers" involving epigenetics/epigenomics is logical. Isothiocyanates are relatively nontoxic at low nutritional and even higher pharmacologic doses, with good oral bioavailability, potent antioxidative stress/antiinflammatory activities, possess epigenetic-modifying properties, great anticancer efficacy in many in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models. This review summarizes the latest advances on the role of epigenetics/epigenomics by isothiocyanates in prevention of skin, colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. The exact molecular mechanism how isothiocyanates modify the epigenetic/epigenomic machinery is unclear. We postulate "redox" processes would play important roles. In addition, isothiocyanates sulforaphane and phenethyl isothiocyanate, possess multifaceted molecular mechanisms would be considered as "general" cancer preventive agents not unlike chemotherapeutic agents like platinum-based or taxane-based drugs. Analogous to chemotherapeutic agents, the isothiocyanates would need to be used in combination with other nontoxic chemopreventive phytochemicals or drugs such as NSAIDs, 5-α-reductase/aromatase inhibitors targeting different signaling pathways would be logical for the prevention of progression of tumors to late advanced metastatic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Hudlikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Shanyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Rebecca Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ahmad Shannar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Pochung Jordan Chou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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8
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Esteve M. Mechanisms Underlying Biological Effects of Cruciferous Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates/Indoles: A Focus on Metabolic Syndrome. Front Nutr 2020; 7:111. [PMID: 32984393 PMCID: PMC7492599 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An inverse correlation between vegetable consumption and the incidence of cancer has long been described. This protective effect is stronger when cruciferous vegetables are specifically consumed. The beneficial properties of vegetables are attributed to their bioactive components like fiber, antioxidants vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Cruciferous vegetables contain all these molecules; however, what makes them different are their sulfurous components, called glucosinolates, responsible for their special smell and taste. Glucosinolates are inactive biologically in the organism but are hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase released as a result of chewing, leading to the formation of active derivatives such as isothiocyanates and indoles. A considerable number of in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that isothiocyanates and indoles elicit chemopreventive potency through multiple mechanisms that include modulation of phases I and II detoxification pathway enzymes, regulation of cell cycle arrest, and control of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, antioxidant activity, anti-angiogenic effects, and epigenetic regulation. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are key and central regulators in all these processes with a main role in oxidative stress and inflammation control. It has been described that isothiocyanates and indoles regulate their activity directly and indirectly. Today, the metabolic syndrome (central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension) is responsible for a majority of deaths worldwide. All components of metabolic syndrome are characterized by chronic inflammation with deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/EKR/JNK, Nrf2, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The effects of GLSs derivatives controlling these pathways have been widely described in relation to cancer. Changes in food consumption patterns observed in the last decades to higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, with elevation in simple sugar and saturated fat contents and lower consumption of vegetables and fruits have been directly correlated with metabolic syndrome prevalence. In this review, it is summarized the knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which cruciferous glucosinolate derivatives (isothiocyanates and indoles) directly and indirectly regulate these pathways. However, the review places a special focus on the knowledge of the effects of glucosinolates derivatives in metabolic syndrome, since this has not been reviewed before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Esteve
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Jakaria M, Thangapandiyan S, Ahmad J, Rahman MA, Mathew B, Abdel-Daim MM, Aleya L. Emerging promise of sulforaphane-mediated Nrf2 signaling cascade against neurological disorders. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135624. [PMID: 31784171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders represent a great challenge and are the leading cause of death and disability globally. Although numerous complicated mechanisms are involved in the progressions of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders, most of the diseases share mutual pathogenic features such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, protein misfolding, excitotoxicity, and neuronal damage, all of these are the common targets of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling cascade. No cure has yet been discovered to tackle these disorders, so, intervention approaches targeting phytochemicals have been recommended as an alternative form of treatment. Sulforaphane is a sulfur-rich dietary phytochemical which has several activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor via multiple targets and various mechanisms. Given its numerous actions, sulforaphane has drawn considerable attention for neurological disorders in recent years. Nrf2 is one of the most crucial targets of sulforaphane which has potential in regulating the series of cytoprotective enzyme expressions that have neuroprotective, antioxidative, and detoxification actions. Neurological disorders are auspicious candidates for Nrf2-targeted treatment strategy. Sulforaphane protects various neurological disorders by regulating the Nrf2 pathway. In this article, we recapitulate current studies of sulforaphane-mediated Nrf2 activation in the treatment of various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jakaria
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France.
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10
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Kołodziejski D, Koss-Mikołajczyk I, Abdin AY, Jacob C, Bartoszek A. Chemical Aspects of Biological Activity of Isothiocyanates and Indoles, the Products of Glucosinolate Decomposition. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1717-1728. [PMID: 31267852 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701151644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that cancer chemoprevention employing natural, bioactive compounds may halt or at least slow down the different stages of carcinogenesis. A particularly advantageous effect is attributed to derivatives of sulfur-organic phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates (GLs) synthesized mainly in Brassicaceae plant family. GLs are hydrolysed enzymatically to bioactive isothiocyanates (ITC) and indoles, which exhibit strong anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activity. Highly bioavailable electrophilic ITC are of particular interest, as they can react with nucleophilic groups of important biomolecules to form dithiocarbamates, thiocarbamates and thioureas. These modifications seem responsible for the chemopreventive activity, but also for genotoxicity and mutagenicity. It was documented that ITC can permanently bind to important biomolecules such as glutathione, cytoskeleton proteins, transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2, thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases, proteasome proteins or heat shock proteins. Furthermore, ITC may also affect epigenetic regulation of gene expression, e.g. by inhibition of histone deacetylases. Some other derivatives of glucosinolates, especially indoles, are able to form covalent bonds with nucleobases in DNA, which may result in genotoxicity and mutagenicity. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge about glucosinolates and their degradation products in terms of possible interactions with reactive groups of cellular molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kołodziejski
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdarisk, Poland
| | - Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdarisk, Poland
| | - Ahmad Y Abdin
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdarisk, Poland
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11
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Samec M, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Uramova S, Zubor P, Samuel SM, Zulli A, Pec M, Bielik T, Biringer K, Kudela E, Benacka J, Adamek M, Rodrigo L, Ciccocioppo R, Kwon TK, Baranenko D, Kruzliak P, Büsselberg D. The role of dietary phytochemicals in the carcinogenesis via the modulation of miRNA expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1665-1679. [PMID: 31127362 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phytochemicals are naturally occurring plant-derived compounds and some of them have the potential to serve as anticancer drugs. Based on recent evidence, aberrantly regulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is closely associated with malignancy. MicroRNAs are characterized as small non-coding RNAs functioning as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Accordingly, miRNAs regulate various target genes, some of which are involved in the process of carcinogenesis. RESULTS This comprehensive review emphasizes the anticancer potential of phytochemicals, either isolated or in combination, mediated by miRNAs. The ability to modulate the expression of miRNAs demonstrates their importance as regulators of tumorigenesis. Phytochemicals as anticancer agents targeting miRNAs are widely studied in preclinical in vitro and in vivo research. Unfortunately, their anticancer efficacy in targeting miRNAs is less investigated in clinical research. CONCLUSIONS Significant anticancer properties of phytochemicals as regulators of miRNA expression have been proven, but more studies investigating their clinical relevance are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Sona Uramova
- Division of Oncology, Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Tibor Bielik
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kudela
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Benacka
- Faculty of Health Science and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Mariusz Adamek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, AOUI Policlinico G.B. Rossi, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Denis Baranenko
- International Research Centre "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brothers of Mercy Hospital, Polni 553/3, 63900, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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12
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Relationship between conversion rate of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates/indoles and genotoxicity of individual parts of Brassica vegetables. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Sun Y, Yang T, Leak RK, Chen J, Zhang F. Preventive and Protective Roles of Dietary Nrf2 Activators Against Central Nervous System Diseases. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2018; 16:326-338. [PMID: 28042770 DOI: 10.2174/1871527316666170102120211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system diseases are major health issues and are often associated with disability or death. Most central nervous system disorders are characterized by high levels of oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2) is known for its ability to regulate the expression of a series of enzymes with antioxidative, prosurvival, and detoxification effects. Under basal conditions, Nrf2 forms a complex with Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1, leading to Nrf2 inactivation via ubiquitination and degradation. However, following exposure of Keap1 to oxidative stress, Nrf2 is released from Keap1, activated, and translocated into the nucleus. Upon nuclear entry, Nrf2 binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE), thereby inducing the expression of genes such as glutathione s-transferase, heme oxygenase 1, and NADPH quinine oxidoreductase 1. Many dietary phytochemicals have been reported to activate the protective Nrf2/ARE pathway. Here, we review the preventive and protective effects of dietary Nrf2 activators against CNS diseases, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282. United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States
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14
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Bassan P, Bhushan S, Kaur T, Arora R, Arora S, Vig AP. Extraction, profiling and bioactivity analysis of volatile glucosinolates present in oil extract of Brassica juncea var. raya. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:399-409. [PMID: 29692548 PMCID: PMC5911257 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are rich source of glucosinolates (GSLs), which in presence of myrosinase enzyme cause hydrolytic cleavage and result in different hydrolytic products like isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, nitriles and epinitriles. The GSLs hydrolytic products are volatile compounds, which are known to exhibit bioactivities like antioxidant, fungicidal, bioherbicidal and anticancer. Among the Brassicaceae family, Brassica juncea is very well known for high content of GSLs. In the present study, the isolation of volatile oil of B. juncea var. raya was done by hydrodistillation method using clevenger apparatus and further there extraction was done by solvents ethyl acetate and dichloromethane. The volatile compounds present in the extract were analysed by gas chromatography/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/GC-MS). Fatty acid esters, sulphur and/or nitrogen compounds, carbonyl compounds and some other volatile compounds were also identified. Besides the analytical studies, the extracts were analysed for their bioactivities including radical scavenging activity by using DNA nicking assay and cytotoxic effect using different human cancer cell lines viz. breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), prostate (PC-3), lung (A-549), cervix (HeLa) and colon (HCT116) by MTT assay. The oil extracts were efficiently able to reduce the increase of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Among all cell lines, the most effective anticancer activity was observed in case of breast (MCF-7) cancer cell line. So, MCF-7 cells were used for further mechanistic studies for analysing the mechanism of anticancer activity. Confocal microscopy was done for analysing morphological changes in the cells and the images confirmed the features typical of apoptosis. For evaluating the mode of cell death, spectrofluorometric determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was done. The volatile oil extract treated MCF-7 cells had a significant increase in number of ROS, also there was a rise in percentage of cells with increased disruption of MMP. So, the present study marks necessary indication that B. juncea (raya) oil extracts significantly induces apoptosis in all the above mentioned cancer cells lines through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and thus play a remarkable role in death of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bassan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Sakshi Bhushan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Tajinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab 143501 India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
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15
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Kumar R, de Mooij T, Peterson TE, Kaptzan T, Johnson AJ, Daniels DJ, Parney IF. Modulating glioma-mediated myeloid-derived suppressor cell development with sulforaphane. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179012. [PMID: 28666020 PMCID: PMC5493295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary tumor of the brain and has few long-term survivors. The local and systemic immunosuppressive environment created by glioblastoma allows it to evade immunosurveillance. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a critical component of this immunosuppression. Understanding mechanisms of MDSC formation and function are key to developing effective immunotherapies. In this study, we developed a novel model to reliably generate human MDSCs from healthy-donor CD14+ monocytes by culture in human glioma-conditioned media. Monocytic MDSC frequency was assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The resulting MDSCs robustly inhibited T cell proliferation. A cytokine array identified multiple components of the GCM potentially contributing to MDSC generation, including Monocyte Chemoattractive Protein-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF). Of these, Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor is a particularly attractive therapeutic target as sulforaphane, a naturally occurring MIF inhibitor derived from broccoli sprouts, has excellent oral bioavailability. Sulforaphane inhibits the transformation of normal monocytes to MDSCs by glioma-conditioned media in vitro at pharmacologically relevant concentrations that are non-toxic to normal leukocytes. This is associated with a corresponding increase in mature dendritic cells. Interestingly, sulforaphane treatment had similar pro-inflammatory effects on normal monocytes in fresh media but specifically increased immature dendritic cells. Thus, we have used a simple in vitro model system to identify a novel contributor to glioblastoma immunosuppression for which a natural inhibitor exists that increases mature dendritic cell development at the expense of myeloid-derived suppressor cells when normal monocytes are exposed to glioma conditioned media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tristan de Mooij
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy E. Peterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Kaptzan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David J. Daniels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ian F. Parney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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16
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Ushida Y, Boonyapichest C, Suganuma H, Tanaka M, Matsui T. Paracellular Transport of Sulforaphane across Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.22.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chutinan Boonyapichest
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Bioresource and Bioenviromental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University
| | | | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Bioresource and Bioenviromental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Bioresource and Bioenviromental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University
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17
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Association of Nrf2 with airway pathogenesis: lessons learned from genetic mouse models. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1931-57. [PMID: 26194645 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a key transcription factor for antioxidant response element (ARE)-bearing genes involved in diverse host defense functions including redox balance, cell cycle, immunity, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, and carcinogenesis. Nrf2 in the airways is particularly essential as the respiratory system continuously interfaces with environmental stress. Since Nrf2 was determined to be a susceptibility gene for a model of acute lung injury, its protective capacity in the airways has been demonstrated in experimental models of human disorders using Nrf2 mutant mice which were susceptible to supplemental respiratory therapy (e.g., hyperoxia, mechanical ventilation), cigarette smoke, allergens, virus, environmental pollutants, and fibrotic agents compared to wild-type littermates. Recent studies also determined that Nrf2 is indispensable in developmental lung injury. While association studies with genetic NRF2 polymorphisms supported a protective role for murine Nrf2 in oxidative airway diseases, somatic NRF2 mutations enhanced NRF2-ARE responses, and were favorable for lung carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Bioinformatic tools have elucidated direct Nrf2 targets as well as Nrf2-interacting networks. Moreover, potent Nrf2-ARE agonists protected oxidant-induced lung phenotypes in model systems, suggesting a therapeutic or preventive intervention. Further investigations on Nrf2 should yield greater understanding of its contribution to normal and pathophysiological function in the airways.
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18
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Abstract
Cancer results from aberrant signaling pathways that result in uncontrolled cellular proliferation. The epidemiological studies have shown a strong inverse correlation between dietary consumption of cruciferous vegetables and incidences of cancer. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are present in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, watercress, etc. and are identified as the major active constituents. Several mechanistic studies have demonstrated chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity of ITCs against various tumor types. ITCs exert anticancer activity by suppressing various critical hallmarks of cancer like cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, etc., in vitro as well as in preclinical animal model. ITCs also generate reactive oxygen species to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Due to promising preclinical results, few ITCs have also advanced to clinical trials. This chapter provides a candid review on the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity of various major ITCs.
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19
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Ioannides C, Konsue N. A principal mechanism for the cancer chemopreventive activity of phenethyl isothiocyanate is modulation of carcinogen metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:356-73. [PMID: 26119477 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1058819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are small molecules characterized by high chemical reactivity that allows them to interact readily with cellular constituents eliciting a plethora of biological activities. They are present exclusively in cruciferous vegetables, as glucosinolates, the intake of which has been associated with cancer chemoprevention. When the physical structure of these vegetables is disturbed, e.g. during mastication, the enzyme myrosinase is released and converts the glucosinolates to isothiocyanates (R-N=C=S), where R can be aliphatic or aromatic. Although sulforaphane, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, has received most attention worldwide, the most extensively studied aromatic isothiocyanate is phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and there are substantial differences in biological activity between the two sub-classes. In animal cancer models, PEITC effectively antagonized the carcinogenicity of chemicals, especially nitrosocompounds. A principal mechanism of their action is to protect the integrity of DNA by decreasing the levels of the genotoxic metabolites of chemical carcinogens. Extensive studies established that PEITC modulates the metabolism of the tobacco-specific carcinogenic nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) by inhibiting its cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation. Moreover, PEITC is a potent inducer of detoxification enzymes such as quinone reductase, glutathione S-transferase and glucuronosyl transferase. PEITC is rapidly absorbed and is characterized by a large bioavailability; Cmax concentrations achieved in plasma after dietary intake are sufficient to modulate carcinogen metabolism. PEITC is primarily metabolized by glutathione conjugation and is excreted in the urine and bile as the mercapturate. The ability of PEITC to perturb carcinogen metabolism through modulation of cytochrome P450 and phase II detoxification enzymes is comprehensively and critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Ioannides
- a Molecular Toxicology Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey , Guildford, Surrey , UK and
| | - Nattaya Konsue
- b Food Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University , Chiang Rai , Thailand
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20
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Veeranki OL, Bhattacharya A, Tang L, Marshall JR, Zhang Y. Cruciferous vegetables, isothiocyanates, and prevention of bladder cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:272-282. [PMID: 26273545 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of human bladder cancers (BC) are non-muscle invasive when first diagnosed and are usually treated by transurethral tumor resection. But 50-80% of patients experience cancer recurrence. Agents for prevention of primary BC have yet to be identified. Existing prophylactics against BC recurrence, e.g., Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), have limited efficacy and utility; they engender significant side effects and require urethral catheterization. Many cruciferous vegetables, rich sources of isothiocyanates (ITCs), are commonly consumed by humans. Many ITCs possess promising chemopreventive activities against BC and its recurrence. Moreover, orally ingested ITCs are selectively delivered to bladder via urinary excretion. This review is focused on urinary delivery of ITCs to the bladder, their cellular uptake, their chemopreventive activities in preclinical and epidemiological studies that are particularly relevant to prevention of BC recurrence and progression, and their chemopreventive mechanisms in BC cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkara L Veeranki
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Arup Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - James R Marshall
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yuesheng Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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21
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Soeur J, Eilstein J, Léreaux G, Jones C, Marrot L. Skin resistance to oxidative stress induced by resveratrol: from Nrf2 activation to GSH biosynthesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:213-23. [PMID: 25451641 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin is particularly exposed to oxidative stress, either from environmental insults such as sunlight or pollution or as a consequence of specific impairments in antioxidant status resulting from pathologies or aging. Traditionally, antioxidant products are exogenously provided to neutralize pro-oxidant species. However, another approach based on stimulation of endogenous antioxidant defense pathways is more original. Resveratrol (RSV) was reported to display such a behavior in various tissues, but data about the mechanisms of action in skin are scarce. We show here that, in primary culture of normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) or in full-thickness reconstructed human skin, RSV activated the Nrf2 pathway at nontoxic doses, from 20 µM up to 100µM. Among the Nrf2 downstream genes, glutamylcysteinyl ligase and glutathione peroxidase-2 were induced at the mRNA and protein levels. In parallel, a significant increase in glutathione content, assessed by LC/MS analysis, was observed in both models. Nrf2 gene silencing experiments performed in NHKs confirmed that Nrf2 was involved in RSV-induced modulation of cellular antioxidant status, in part by increasing cellular glutathione content. Finally, improvement of endogenous defenses induced in RSV-pretreated reconstructed skin ensured protection against the toxic oxidative effects of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). In fact after RSV pretreatment, in response to CHP stress, glutathione content did not decrease as in unprotected samples. Cellular alterations at the dermal-epidermal junction were clearly prevented. Together, these complementary experiments demonstrated the beneficial effects of RSV on skin, beyond its direct antioxidant properties, by upregulation of a cutaneous endogenous antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Soeur
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - J Eilstein
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - G Léreaux
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - C Jones
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - L Marrot
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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22
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SUV39H1/H3K9me3 attenuates sulforaphane-induced apoptotic signaling in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e131. [PMID: 25486523 PMCID: PMC4275561 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The isothiocyanate sulforaphane is a promising molecule for development as a therapeutic agent for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Sulforaphane induces apoptosis in advanced prostate cancer cells, slows disease progression in vivo and is well tolerated at pharmacological doses. However, the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for cancer suppression remain to be fully elucidated. In this investigation we demonstrate that sulforaphane induces posttranslational modification of histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 in metastatic, androgen receptor-negative PC3 prostate cancer cells. Sulforaphane stimulates ubiquitination and acetylation of SUV39H1 within a C-terminal nuclear localization signal peptide motif and coincides with its dissociation from chromatin and a decrease in global trimethyl-histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) levels. Exogenous SUV39H1 expression leads to an increase in H3K9me3 and decreases sulforaphane-induced apoptotic signaling. SUV39H1 is thus identified as a novel mediator of sulforaphane cytotoxicity in PC3 cells. Our results also suggest SUV39H1 dynamics as a new therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancers.
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23
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Folkard DL, Melchini A, Traka MH, Al‐Bakheit A, Saha S, Mulholland F, Watson A, Mithen RF. Suppression of
LPS
‐induced transcription and cytokine secretion by the dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2286-96. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria H. Traka
- Food and Health Programme Institute of Food Research Norwich UK
| | | | - Shikha Saha
- Food and Health Programme Institute of Food Research Norwich UK
| | | | - Andrew Watson
- Analytical Science Unit Institute of Food Research Norwich UK
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24
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Hanschen FS, Lamy E, Schreiner M, Rohn S. Reactivity and stability of glucosinolates and their breakdown products in foods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11430-50. [PMID: 25163974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of glucosinolates and their behavior during food processing is very complex. Their instability leads to the formation of a bunch of breakdown and reaction products that are very often reactive themselves. Although excessive consumption of cabbage varieties has been thought for long time to have adverse, especially goitrogenic effects, nowadays, epidemiologic studies provide data that there might be beneficial health effects as well. Especially Brassica vegetables, such as broccoli, radish, or cabbage, are rich in these interesting plant metabolites. However, information on the bioactivity of glucosinolates is only valuable when one knows which compounds are formed during processing and subsequent consumption. This review provides a comprehensive, in-depth overview on the chemical reactivity of different glucosinolates and breakdown products thereof during food preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S Hanschen
- Department of Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren and Erfurt e.V. Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren (Germany) http://www.igzev.de.
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25
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Hanschen FS, Lamy E, Schreiner M, Rohn S. Reaktivität und Stabilität von Glucosinolaten und ihren Abbauprodukten in Lebensmitteln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Gupta P, Kim B, Kim SH, Srivastava SK. Molecular targets of isothiocyanates in cancer: recent advances. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1685-707. [PMID: 24510468 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep process resulting in uncontrolled cell division. It results from aberrant signaling pathways that lead to uninhibited cell division and growth. Various recent epidemiological studies have indicated that consumption of cruciferous vegetables, such as garden cress, broccoli, etc., reduces the risk of cancer. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) have been identified as major active constituents of cruciferous vegetables. ITCs occur in plants as glucosinolate and can readily be derived by hydrolysis. Numerous mechanistic studies have demonstrated the anticancer effects of ITCs in various cancer types. ITCs suppress tumor growth by generating reactive oxygen species or by inducing cycle arrest leading to apoptosis. Based on the exciting outcomes of preclinical studies, few ITCs have advanced to the clinical phase. Available data from preclinical as well as available clinical studies suggest ITCs to be one of the promising anticancer agents available from natural sources. This is an up-to-date exhaustive review on the preventive and therapeutic effects of ITCs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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27
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Abdull Razis AF, Noor NM. Cruciferous vegetables: dietary phytochemicals for cancer prevention. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:1565-70. [PMID: 23679237 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.3.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Relationships between diet and health have attracted attention for centuries; but links between diet and cancer have been a focus only in recent decades. The consumption of diet-containing carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines is most closely correlated with increasing cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that consumption of dietary phytochemicals found in vegetables and fruit can decrease cancer incidence. Among the various vegetables, broccoli and other cruciferous species appear most closely associated with reduced cancer risk in organs such as the colorectum, lung, prostate and breast. The protecting effects against cancer risk have been attributed, at least partly, due to their comparatively high amounts of glucosinolates, which differentiate them from other vegetables. Glucosinolates, a class of sulphur- containing glycosides, present at substantial amounts in cruciferous vegetables, and their breakdown products such as the isothiocyanates, are believed to be responsible for their health benefits. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the chemopreventive effect of these compounds are likely to be manifold, possibly concerning very complex interactions, and thus difficult to fully understand. Therefore, this article provides a brief overview about the mechanism of such compounds involved in modulation of carcinogen metabolising enzyme systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Food Safety Research Centre (FOSREC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
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28
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Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease characterized by multiple genetic and molecular alterations involving transformation, deregulation of apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. To grow, invade, and metastasize, tumors need host components and primary dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment, in addition to cell dysfunction, can be crucial for carcinogenesis. A great variety of phytochemicals have been shown to be potentially capable of inhibiting and modulating several relevant targets simultaneously and is therefore non-specific. Because of the enormous biological diversity of cancer, this pleiotropism might constitute an advantage. Phytochemicals, in particular diet-derived compounds, have therefore been proposed and applied in clinical trials as cancer chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agents. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables. SFN has proved to be an effective chemoprotective agent in cell culture, in carcinogen-induced and genetic animal cancer models, as well as in xenograft models of cancer. It promoted potent cytostatic and cytotoxic effects orchestrated by the modulation of different molecular targets. Cell vulnerability to SFN-mediated apoptosis was subject to regulation by cell-cycle-dependent mechanisms but was independent of a mutated p53 status. Moreover, combination of SFN with cytotoxic therapy potentiated the cytotoxic effect mediated by chemotherapy in vitro, thus suggesting its potential therapeutic benefit in clinical settings. Overall, SFN appears to be an effective and safe chemopreventive molecule and a promising tool to fight cancer.
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Piberger AL, Köberle B, Hartwig A. The broccoli-born isothiocyanate sulforaphane impairs nucleotide excision repair: XPA as one potential target. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:647-58. [PMID: 24352536 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), the major hydrolysis product of glucosinolates present in broccoli, has frequently been proposed to exert anticarcinogenic properties, mainly due to the induction of the nrf2/Keap1/ARE-signaling pathway. As potential underlying mechanism, a SFN-dependent zinc release from Keap1, the negative regulator of nrf2, has been described. This raises the question whether SFN is able to interfere with other zinc binding structures as well, for example those essential for DNA repair. Within this study, a SFN-induced deliberation of zinc from a synthesized peptide resembling the zinc binding domain of the xeroderma pigmentosum A (XPA) protein was observed starting at 50 μM SFN. Since XPA is absolutely required for nucleotide excision repair, the impact of SFN on the repair of (+)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide ((+)-anti-BPDE)-induced DNA adducts in HCT 116 cells was investigated. While preincubation with SFN did not affect initial lesion levels, a dose-dependent repair inhibition of (+)-anti-BPDE-induced DNA damage during the first 12 h after lesion induction was observed, starting at 1 μM SFN. In contrast, the later phase of DNA repair was not impaired by SFN. In support of an inactivation of XPA also in cells, SFN increased the (+)-anti-BPDE-induced cytotoxicity XPA dependently in XP12RO cells. Comparison of p53-proficient and p53-deficient cells revealed no difference in SFN-induced DNA repair inhibition, indicating that p53 is no cellular target of SFN. Since DNA repair processes are required to maintain DNA integrity, the presented data suggest a potential impairment of genomic stability by SFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Liza Piberger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Bioscience, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Houghton CA, Fassett RG, Coombes JS. Sulforaphane: translational research from laboratory bench to clinic. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:709-26. [PMID: 24147970 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are widely acknowledged to provide chemopreventive benefits in humans, but they are not generally consumed at levels that effect significant change in biomarkers of health. Because consumers have embraced the notion that dietary supplements may prevent disease, this review considers whether an appropriately validated sulforaphane-yielding broccoli sprout supplement may deliver clinical benefit. The crucifer-derived bioactive phytochemical sulforaphane is a significant inducer of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the transcription factor that activates the cell's endogenous defenses via a battery of cytoprotective genes. For a broccoli sprout supplement to demonstrate bioactivity in vivo, it must retain both the sulforaphane-yielding precursor compound, glucoraphanin, and the activity of glucoraphanin's intrinsic myrosinase enzyme. Many broccoli sprout supplements are myrosinase inactive, but current labeling does not reflect this. For the benefit of clinicians and consumers, this review summarizes the findings of in vitro studies and clinical trials, interpreting them in the context of clinical relevance. Standardization of sulforaphane nomenclature and assay protocols will be necessary to remove inconsistency and ambiguity in the labeling of currently available broccoli sprout products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Houghton
- School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Minarini A, Milelli A, Fimognari C, Simoni E, Turrini E, Tumiatti V. Exploring the effects of isothiocyanates on chemotherapeutic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 10:25-38. [PMID: 24087843 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.843668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemoprevention has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce the risk and to control cancer. In this context, isothiocyanates (ITCs), found in abundance in the form of glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables, have gained increasing consideration for their chemopreventive activity. ITCs exert their effects mainly by inducing carcinogen metabolism or by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. AREAS COVERED In recent years, novel combination treatments, by coupling chemopreventive agents and typical chemotherapeutics, have been exploited to increase the antitumor activities. The aim of this article is to examine the foremost studies carried out, so far, on the effects of dietary and synthetic ITCs on different signaling pathways involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chemotherapeutic agents, in order to enhance their effectiveness. EXPERT OPINION Undoubtedly, the beneficial anticarcinogenic potential of ITCs, both singly and in combination, has emerged in in vitro and in vivo studies. However, only a few clinical trials have been carried out so far with ITCs, which try to better define both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic impacts in humans. More toxicological evaluations after long-term administration of ITCs in different species are required for the clinical development of ITCs as anticarcinogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Minarini
- Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna , Italy +39 051 2099709 ; +39 051 2099734 ;
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Hur J, Yoo M, Shin DB, Lee S. Inhibition of nitric oxide production corresponds to the sulforaphane content in Korean sheperd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) and related species in BV-2 cell. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Sulforaphane as a potential protective phytochemical against neurodegenerative diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:415078. [PMID: 23983898 PMCID: PMC3745957 DOI: 10.1155/2013/415078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, including ischemic/traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, share common characteristics such as oxidative stress, misfolded proteins, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and neuronal loss.
As no drugs are available to prevent the progression of these neurological disorders, intervention strategies using phytochemicals have been proposed as an alternative form of treatment. Among phytochemicals, isothiocyanate sulforaphane, derived from the hydrolysis of the glucosinolate glucoraphanin mainly present in Brassica vegetables, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in several in vitro and in vivo studies. In particular, evidence suggests that sulforaphane beneficial effects could be mainly ascribed to its peculiar ability to activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Therefore, sulforaphane appears to be a promising compound with neuroprotective properties that may play an important role in preventing neurodegeneration.
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Nguyen NM, Gonda S, Vasas G. A Review on the Phytochemical Composition and Potential Medicinal Uses of Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) Root. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2013.790047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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López-Cervantes J, Tirado-Noriega LG, Sánchez-Machado DI, Campas-Baypoli ON, Cantú-Soto EU, Núñez-Gastélum JA. Biochemical composition of broccoli seeds and sprouts at different stages of seedling development. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime López-Cervantes
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias; Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora; 5 de febrero 818 Sur; CP 85000; Cd. Obregón; Sonora; México
| | - Lidia G. Tirado-Noriega
- Maestría en Ciencias en Recursos Naturales, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora; 5 de febrero 818 Sur; CP 85000; Cd. Obregón; Sonora; México
| | - Dalia I. Sánchez-Machado
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias; Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora; 5 de febrero 818 Sur; CP 85000; Cd. Obregón; Sonora; México
| | - Olga N. Campas-Baypoli
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias; Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora; 5 de febrero 818 Sur; CP 85000; Cd. Obregón; Sonora; México
| | - Ernesto U. Cantú-Soto
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias; Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora; 5 de febrero 818 Sur; CP 85000; Cd. Obregón; Sonora; México
| | - José A. Núñez-Gastélum
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias; Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora; 5 de febrero 818 Sur; CP 85000; Cd. Obregón; Sonora; México
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Poulton EJ, Levy L, Lampe JW, Shen DD, Tracy J, Shuhart MC, Thummel KE, Eaton DL. Sulforaphane is not an effective antagonist of the human pregnane X-receptor in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 266:122-31. [PMID: 23153560 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), is an effective in vitro antagonist of ligand activation of the human pregnane and xenobiotic receptor (PXR). PXR mediated CYP3A4 up-regulation is implicated in adverse drug-drug interactions making identification of small molecule antagonists a desirable therapeutic goal. SFN is not an antagonist to mouse or rat PXR in vitro; thus, normal rodent species are not suitable as in vivo models for human response. To evaluate whether SFN can effectively antagonize ligand activation of human PXR in vivo, a three-armed, randomized, crossover trial was conducted with 24 healthy adults. The potent PXR ligand - rifampicin (300mg/d) was given alone for 7days in arm 1, or in daily combination with 450μmol SFN (Broccoli Sprout extract) in arm 2; SFN was given alone in arm 3. Midazolam as an in vivo phenotype marker of CYP3A was administered before and after each treatment arm. Rifampicin alone decreased midazolam AUC by 70%, indicative of the expected increase in CYP3A4 activity. Co-treatment with SFN did not reduce CYP3A4 induction. Treatment with SFN alone also did not affect CYP3A4 activity in the cohort as a whole, although in the subset with the highest basal CYP3A4 activity there was a statistically significant increase in midazolam AUC (i.e., decrease in CYP3A4 activity). A parallel study in humanized PXR mice yielded similar results. The parallel effects of SFN between humanized PXR mice and human subjects demonstrate the predictive value of humanized mouse models in situations where species differences in ligand-receptor interactions preclude the use of a native mouse model for studying human ligand-receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jane Poulton
- Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health, University of Washington, WA 98105-6099, USA
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Pawlik A, Szczepanski MA, Klimaszewska A, Gackowska L, Zuryn A, Grzanka A. Phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced cytoskeletal changes and cell death in lung cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3577-94. [PMID: 22847136 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are known for their anticarcinogenic and antitumor potential, however, the exact mechanism of their action has not been fully elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate and compare the effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate on cell morphology, the cytoskeleton and induction of cell death in human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299 differing in p53 status. Cell viability tests (MTT assay, xCELLigence system) showed that PEITC exhibits lower cytotoxicity to A549 cells containing wild-type p53. The observed growth-inhibitory effect of PEITC was dose-dependent, but time-dependence was observed only at higher concentrations. The results of flow-cytometric and fluorescence-microscopic analyses indicate that PEITC induced disassembly of actin stress fibers and degradation of tubulin which, most likely, contributed to the induction of cell death. Although, 24-h incubation caused G2/M cell cycle arrest, the fraction of G2/M cells decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner in favor of cells with sub-G1 DNA content. Further experiments (Annexin V staining, electron microscopic observations) confirmed that the apoptosis-inducing potency of PEITC is probably the main factor responsible for cell growth inhibition. However, PEITC treatment also resulted in the appearance of an increased proportion of H1299 cells exhibiting morphological features of mitotic catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Zhang Y. The 1,2-benzenedithiole-based cyclocondensation assay: a valuable tool for the measurement of chemopreventive isothiocyanates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:525-32. [PMID: 22452732 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.503288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Many naturally occurring isothiocyanates (ITCs) show highly promising chemopreventive activities. Humans are commonly exposed to these compounds through the consumption of cruciferous vegetables which are the main source of dietary ITCs. Dietary ITCs may play an important role in cancer prevention and in the well-recognized cancer preventive activities of cruciferous vegetables. A generic analytical method, namely the 1,2-benzenedithiol-based cyclocondensation assay, was previously developed for quantitation of ITCs and their in vivo metabolites. This method has been widely used and has contributed greatly to research on chemoprevention by ITCs. In this article, the discovery and development of the cyclocondensation assay are recapitulated, and its sensitivity and specificity as well as its advantages and limitations are scrutinized. Moreover, detailed discussion is also provided to show how this assay has been used to advance our understanding of the cancer chemopreventive potential and the mechanism of action of ITCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesheng Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Razis AFA, Bagatta M, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Plant N, Ioannides C. Characterization of the temporal induction of hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by glucosinolates and isothiocyanates: requirement for at least a 6 h exposure to elicit complete induction profile. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5556-5564. [PMID: 22594452 DOI: 10.1021/jf3011195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A mechanism of action of chemopreventive glucosinolates/isothiocyanates, established largely in vitro, is to modulate carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Extrapolation in vivo involves relating in vitro concentrations to plasma/tissue concentrations attained in vivo, thus assuming that even transient exposure modulates enzyme activity. To test this hypothesis, precision-cut rat liver slices were incubated with glucosinolates for up to 24 h, and the O-dealkylation of methoxyresorufin and ethoxyresorufin was determined; increased activities were observed only at incubations of at least 6 h. To evaluate phase II enzymes, isothiocyanates, namely, sulforaphane, erucin, and phenethyl isothiocyanate, were similarly incubated; quinone reductase increased after incubation for 6 h or longer. When glutathione S-transferase was monitored, the phenethyl isothiocyanate-manifested rise necessitated at least a 6 h incubation, whereas in the case of sulforaphane and erucin, the activity was elevated after only 2 h. It is inferred that a rise in carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes by glucosinolates/isothiocyanates necessitates tissue exposure of at least 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad F Abdull Razis
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Sulforaphane potentiates RNA damage induced by different xenobiotics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35267. [PMID: 22539965 PMCID: PMC3335137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) possesses interesting anticancer activities. However, recent studies reported that SFN promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as DNA breakage. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated whether SFN is able to damage RNA, whose loss of integrity was demonstrated in different chronic diseases. Considering the ability of SFN to protect from genotoxicity, we also examined whether SFN is able to protect from RNA damage induced by different chemicals (doxorubicin, spermine, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, H2O2). We observed that SFN was devoid of either RNA damaging and RNA protective activity in human leukemic cells. It was able to potentiate the RNA damage by doxorubicin and spermine. In the first case, the effect was attributable to its ability of modulating the bioreductive activation of doxorubicin. For spermine, the effects were mainly due to its modulation of ROS levels produced by spermine metabolism. As to the cytotoxic relevance of the RNA damage, we found that the treatment of cells with a mixture of spermine or doxorubicin plus SFN increased their proapoptotic potential. Thus it is conceivable that the presence of RNA damage might concur to the overall toxic response induced by a chemical agent in targeted cells. Conclusions/Significance Since RNA is emerging as a potential target for anticancer drugs, its ability to enhance spermine- and doxorubicin-induced RNA damage and cytotoxicity could represent an additional mechanism for the potentiating effects of SFN associated with anticancer drugs.
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Antolino-Lobo I, Meulenbelt J, van den Berg M, van Duursen MB. A mechanistic insight into 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy”)-mediated hepatotoxicity. Vet Q 2011; 31:193-205. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2011.642534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Zhang Y. The molecular basis that unifies the metabolism, cellular uptake and chemopreventive activities of dietary isothiocyanates. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:2-9. [PMID: 22080571 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic isothiocyanates (ITCs), which are characterized by the presence of an -N=C=S group, are among the most extensively studied cancer chemopreventive agents and show highly promising chemopreventive activities. Numerous studies have shown that ITCs can inhibit both carcinogenesis and cancer growth in a variety of animal models. Many cruciferous vegetables, which are commonly consumed by humans, are rich sources of these compounds. Of particular interest are their high bioavailability, their shared metabolic profile and their ability to target a wide array of cancer-related cellular proteins. This review is focused on discussing the molecular basis of these intriguing properties of ITCs, with a particular emphasis on the concept that cellular uptake and metabolism of ITCs and at least some of their major chemopreventive activities are all initiated through direct reaction of the carbon atom of the -N=C=S group of the ITCs with cysteine sulfhydryl groups of glutathione (GSH) and of proteins. This knowledge deepens our understanding about the biological activities of ITCs and may facilitate further research and development of these compounds for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesheng Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Antolino-Lobo I, Meulenbelt J, Molendijk J, Nijmeijer SM, Scherpenisse P, van den Berg M, van Duursen MB. Induction of glutathione synthesis and conjugation by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-dihydroxymethamphetamine (HHMA) in human and rat liver cells, including the protective role of some antioxidants. Toxicology 2011; 289:175-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abdull Razis AF, De Nicola GR, Pagnotta E, Iori R, Ioannides C. 4-Methylsulfanyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphasatin is a potent inducer of rat hepatic phase II enzymes and a potential chemopreventive agent. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:183-94. [PMID: 21960141 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to establish whether the phytochemical glucoraphasatin, a glucosinolate present in cruciferous vegetables, and its corresponding isothiocyanate, 4-methylsulfanyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, up-regulate enzymes involved in the detoxification of carcinogens and are thus potential chemopreventive agents. Glucoraphasatin and myrosinase were isolated and purified from Daikon sprouts and Sinapis alba L., respectively. Glucoraphasatin (0-10 μM) was incubated for 24 h with precision-cut rat liver slices in the presence and absence of myrosinase, the enzyme that converts the glucosinolate to the isothiocyanate. The intact glucosinolate failed to influence the O-dealkylations of methoxy- and ethoxyresorufin or the apoprotein expression of CYP1 enzymes. Supplementation with myrosinase led to an increase in the dealkylation of methoxyresorufin, but only at the highest concentration of the glucosinolate, and CYP1A2 expression. In the absence of myrosinase, glucoraphasatin caused a marked increase in epoxide hydrolase activity at concentrations as low as 1 μM paralleled by a rise in the enzyme protein expression; at the highest concentration only, a rise was also observed in glucuronosyl transferase activity, but other phase II enzyme systems were unaffected. Addition of myrosinase to the glucoraphasatin incubation maintained the rise in epoxide hydrolase and glucuronosyl transferase activities, further elevated quinone reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and increased total glutathione concentrations. It is concluded that at low concentrations, glucoraphasatin, either intact and/or through the formation of 4-methylsulfanyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, is a potent inducer of hepatic enzymes involved in the detoxification of chemical carcinogens and merits further investigation for chemopreventive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Faizal Abdull Razis
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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Clarke JD, Hsu A, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Stevens JF, Yamamoto M, Ho E. Metabolism and tissue distribution of sulforaphane in Nrf2 knockout and wild-type mice. Pharm Res 2011; 28:3171-9. [PMID: 21681606 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the metabolism and tissue distribution of the dietary chemoprotective agent sulforaphane following oral administration to wild-type and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) mice. METHODS Male and female wild-type and Nrf2(-/-) mice were given sulforaphane (5 or 20 μmoles) by oral gavage; plasma, liver, kidney, small intestine, colon, lung, brain and prostate were collected at 2, 6 and 24 h (h). The five major metabolites of sulforaphane were measured in tissues by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Sulforaphane metabolites were detected in all tissues at 2 and 6 h post gavage, with the highest concentrations in the small intestine, prostate, kidney and lung. A dose-dependent increase in sulforaphane concentrations was observed in all tissues except prostate. At 5 μmole, Nrf2(-/-) genotype had no effect on sulforaphane metabolism. Only Nrf2(-/-) females given 20 μmoles sulforaphane for 6 h exhibited a marked increase in tissue sulforaphane metabolite concentrations. The relative abundance of each metabolite was not strikingly different between genders and genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Sulforaphane is metabolized and reaches target tissues in wild-type and Nrf2(-/-) mice. These data provide further evidence that sulforaphane is bioavailable and may be an effective dietary chemoprevention agent for several tissue sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Clarke
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Lamy E, Scholtes C, Herz C, Mersch-Sundermann V. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of isothiocyanates. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 43:387-407. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2011.569551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Baird L, Dinkova-Kostova AT. The cytoprotective role of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:241-72. [PMID: 21365312 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 734] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An elaborate network of highly inducible proteins protects aerobic cells against the cumulative damaging effects of reactive oxygen intermediates and toxic electrophiles, which are the major causes of neoplastic and chronic degenerative diseases. These cytoprotective proteins share common transcriptional regulation, through the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, which can be activated by various exogenous and endogenous small molecules (inducers). Inducers chemically react with critical cysteine residues of the sensor protein Keap1, leading to stabilisation and nuclear translocation of transcription factor Nrf2, and ultimately to coordinate enhanced expression of genes coding for cytoprotective proteins. In addition, inducers inhibit pro-inflammatory responses, and there is a linear correlation spanning more than six orders of magnitude of concentrations between inducer and anti-inflammatory activity. Genetic deletion of transcription factor Nrf2 renders cells and animals much more sensitive to the damaging effects of electrophiles, oxidants and inflammatory agents in comparison with their wild-type counterparts. Conversely, activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway allows survival and adaptation under various conditions of stress and has protective effects in many animal models. Cross-talks with other signalling pathways broadens the role of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in determining the fate of the cell, impacting fundamental biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Baird
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Campas-Baypoli ON, Sánchez-Machado DI, Bueno-Solano C, Ramírez-Wong B, López-Cervantes J. HPLC method validation for measurement of sulforaphane level in broccoli by-products. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 24:387-92. [PMID: 19650149 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A simple and specific analytical method was developed and tested for the determination of sulforaphane in broccoli by-products. The method includes the optimization of the conversion of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane, followed by purification of extracts using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The response surface methodology was used to find optimum conditions for the preparation and purification procedure. Chromatographic conditions for reversed-phase HPLC with UV photodiode array detection were as follows: column, Exil ODS C(18), 25 x 0.46 cm, 5 microm; column temperature, 36 degrees C; mobile phase, a 30 : 70 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile:water; flow rate, 0.6 mL/min. The detection wavelength was UV 202 nm. Under these conditions, excellent linearity was obtained (r(2) = 1), and the overall recovery was 97.5 and 98.1% for fresh florets and lyophilized florets, respectively. The precision results showed that the relative standard deviation of the repeatability for florets fresh and lyophilized was 3.0 and 4.0%, respectively. Sulforaphane contents were determined in the edible portion of fresh broccoli, and broccoli crop remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Campas-Baypoli
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818 Sur, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
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Anti-angiogenic effects of dietary isothiocyanates: Mechanisms of action and implications for human health. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:327-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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50
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Abdull Razis AF, Bagatta M, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Ioannides C. Induction of epoxide hydrolase and glucuronosyl transferase by isothiocyanates and intact glucosinolates in precision-cut rat liver slices: importance of side-chain substituent and chirality. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:919-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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