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Jensen SJ, Cuthbert BJ, Garza-Sánchez F, Helou CC, de Miranda R, Goulding CW, Hayes CS. Advanced glycation end-product crosslinking activates a type VI secretion system phospholipase effector protein. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8804. [PMID: 39394186 PMCID: PMC11470151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGE) are a pervasive form of protein damage implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Glycation is typically mediated by reactive dicarbonyl compounds that accumulate in all cells as toxic byproducts of glucose metabolism. Here, we show that AGE crosslinking is harnessed to activate an antibacterial phospholipase effector protein deployed by the type VI secretion system of Enterobacter cloacae. Endogenous methylglyoxal reacts with a specific arginine-lysine pair to tether the N- and C-terminal α-helices of the phospholipase domain. Substitutions at these positions abrogate both crosslinking and toxic phospholipase activity, but in vitro enzyme function can be restored with an engineered disulfide that covalently links the N- and C-termini. Thus, AGE crosslinking serves as a bona fide post-translation modification to stabilize phospholipase structure. Given the ubiquity of methylglyoxal in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, these findings suggest that glycation may be exploited more generally to stabilize other proteins. This alternative strategy to fortify tertiary structure could be particularly advantageous in the cytoplasm, where redox potentials preclude disulfide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Jensen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, USA
| | - Bonnie J Cuthbert
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Fernando Garza-Sánchez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, USA
| | - Colette C Helou
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Rodger de Miranda
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Celia W Goulding
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Christopher S Hayes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, USA.
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, USA.
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2
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Wu Y, Liu W, Jiang Y, Lv H, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Wang S. Long-Term Casein-Bound Lactulosyllysine Consumption Induced Nonobese Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Promoting Carbonyl Glycation in the Liver of C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39356723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Lactulosyllysine (LL) is abundant in thermally processed dairy products, with its concentration increasing in response to more intense heat treatment. However, there are limited studies on the potential harmful effects of LL on human health. This study investigated the negative impact of casein-bound LL on liver health by feeding healthy C57BL/6 mice diets containing varying levels of casein-bound LL. After 16 weeks of LL diet administration, mice exhibited a nonobese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NONAFLD) phenotype, characterized by reduced body weight gain, hypolipidemia, and intrahepatic lipid accumulation. Nontarget metabolomic analysis showed that casein-bound LL induced alterations in plasma levels of compounds associated with lipid degradation. Mechanistically, casein-bound LL may impair the function of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and apolipoprotein B100 by inducing dicarbonyl stress, thereby promoting carbonyl glycation in the liver. Consequently, the long-term consumption of LL-rich dairy products may be a contributing factor to the risk of developing NONAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekun Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weiye Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huan Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingshuang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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3
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Kim G, Yoo HJ, Yoo MK, Choi JH, Lee KW. Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1/RAGE axis induces renal oxidative stress and renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Toxicology 2024; 507:153887. [PMID: 39019314 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are important contributors to the progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), including renal fibrosis. Although the relationship between AGEs and renal fibrosis has been well studied, the mechanisms of individual AGE-induced renal injury remain poorly understood. This study investigated the adverse effect of methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), a methylglyoxal (MG)-derived AGE generated by the glycation of MG and arginine residues, on kidney damage. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of MG-H1-mediated renal injury and fibrosis, focusing on the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) signaling and its effects on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, MAPK pathway, and inflammatory responses. Our results suggest that the MG-H1/RAGE axis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of CKD and its downstream events involving MAPK kinase-related factors and inflammatory factors. MG-H1 treatment modulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and MAPK proteins (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuri Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Joon Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ki Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeong Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Yamaguchi H, Matsumura T, Sugawa H, Niimi N, Sango K, Nagai R. Glucoselysine, a unique advanced glycation end-product of the polyol pathway and its association with vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107479. [PMID: 38879006 PMCID: PMC11283207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucoselysine (GL) is an unique advanced glycation end-product derived from fructose. The main source of fructose in vivo is the polyol pathway, and an increase in its activity leads to diabetic complications. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that GL can serve as an indicator of the polyol pathway activity. Additionally, we propose a novel approach for detecting GL in peripheral blood samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and evaluate its clinical usefulness. We successfully circumvent interference from fructoselysine, which shares the same molecular weight as GL, by performing ultrafiltration and hydrolysis without reduction, successfully generating adequate peaks for quantification in serum. Furthermore, using immortalized aldose reductase KO mouse Schwann cells, we demonstrate that GL reflects the downstream activity of the polyol pathway and that GL produced intracellularly is released into the extracellular space. Clinical studies reveal that GL levels in patients with type 2 diabetes are significantly higher than those in healthy participants, while Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)ornithine (MG-H1) levels are significantly lower. Both GL and MG-H1 show higher values among patients with vascular complications; however, GL varies more markedly than MG-H1 as well as hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, GL remains consistently stable under various existing drug treatments for type 2 diabetes, whereas MG-H1 is impacted. To the best of our knowledge, we provide important insights in predicting diabetic complications caused by enhanced polyol pathway activity via assessment of GL levels in peripheral blood samples from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsumura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Niimi
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan; Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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5
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Coccini T, Caloni F, Russo LA, Villani L, Lonati D, De Simone U. 3D human stem-cell-derived neuronal spheroids for in vitro neurotoxicity testing of methylglyoxal, highly reactive glycolysis byproduct and potent glycating agent. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 7:100176. [PMID: 38975063 PMCID: PMC11225170 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-derived three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models are advanced human cell-based model for their complexity, relevance and application in toxicity testing. Intracellular accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), the most potent glycating agent in humans, mainly generated as a by-product of glycolysis, is associated with age-related diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. In our study, 3D human stem-cell-derived neuronal spheroids were set up and applied to evaluate cytotoxic effects after short-term (5 to 48 h) treatments with different MGO concentrations, including low levels, taking into consideration several biochemical endpoints. In MGO-treated neurospheroids, reduced cell growth proliferation and decreased cell viability occurred early from 5-10 μM, and their compactness diminished starting from 100 μM, apparently without affecting spheroid size. MGO markedly caused loss of the neuronal markers MAP-2 and NSE from 10-50 μM, decreased the detoxifying Glo1 enzyme from 50 μM, and activated NF-kB by nuclear translocation. The cytochemical evaluation of the 3D sections showed the presence of necrotic cells with loss of nuclei. Apoptotic cells were observed from 50 μM MGO after 48 h, and from 100 μM after 24 h. MGO (50-10 µM) also induced modifications of the cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. These effects worsened at the higher concentrations (300-500 µM). In 3D neuronal spheroids, MGO tested concentrations comparable to human samples levels measured in MGO-associated diseases, altered neuronal key signalling endpoints relevant for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and aging. The findings also demonstrated that the use of 3D neuronal spheroids of human origin can be useful in a strategy in vitro for testing MGO and other dicarbonyls evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Villani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pathology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Lonati
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Uliana De Simone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy
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6
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Delligatti CE, Kirk JA. Glycation in the cardiomyocyte. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 125:47-88. [PMID: 38997172 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Glycation is a protein post-translational modification that can occur on lysine and arginine residues as a result of a non-enzymatic process known as the Maillard reaction. This modification is irreversible, so the only way it can be removed is by protein degradation and replacement. Small reactive carbonyl species, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, are the primary glycating agents and are elevated in several conditions associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, smoking, and aging. Thus, how protein glycation impacts the cardiomyocyte is of particular interest, to both understand how these conditions increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and how glycation might be targeted therapeutically. Glycation can affect the cardiomyocyte through extracellular mechanisms, including RAGE-based signaling, glycation of the extracellular matrix that modifies the mechanical environment, and signaling from the vasculature. Intracellular glycation of the cardiomyocyte can impact calcium handling, protein quality control and cell death pathways, as well as the cytoskeleton, resulting in a blunted contractility. While reducing protein glycation and its impact on the heart has been an active area of drug development, multiple clinical trials have had mixed results and these compounds have not been translated to the clinic-highlighting the challenges of modulating myocyte glycation. Here we will review protein glycation and its effects on the cardiomyocyte, therapeutic attempts to reverse these, and offer insight as to the future of glycation studies and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Delligatti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States.
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7
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Kotian NP, Prabhu A, Tender T, Raghu Chandrashekar H. Methylglyoxal Induced Modifications to Stabilize Therapeutic Proteins: A Review. Protein J 2024; 43:39-47. [PMID: 38017314 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are potent, fast-acting drugs that are highly effective in treating various conditions. Medicinal protein usage has increased in the past 10 years, and it will evolve further as we better understand disease molecular pathways. However, it is associated with high processing costs, limited stability, difficulty in being administered as an oral medication, and the inability of large proteins to penetrate tissue and reach their target locations. Many methods have been developed to overcome the problems with the stability and chaperone activity of therapeutic proteins, viz., the addition of external agents (changing the properties of the surrounding solvent by using stabilizing excipients, e.g., amino acids, sugars, polyols) and internal agents (chemical modifications that influence its structural properties, e.g., mutations, glycosylation). However, these methods must completely clear protein instability and chaperone issues. There is still much work to be done on finetuning chaperone proteins to increase their biological efficacy and stability. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a potent dicarbonyl compound, reacts with proteins and forms covalent cross-links. Much research on MGO scavengers has been conducted since they are known to alter protein structure, which may result in alterations in biological activity and stability. MGO is naturally produced within our body, however, its impact on chaperones and protein stability needs to be better understood and seems to vary based on concentration. This review highlights the efforts of several research groups on the effect of MGO on various proteins. It also addresses the impact of MGO on a client protein, α-crystallin, to understand the potential solutions to the protein's chaperone and stability problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nainika Prashant Kotian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Anusha Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Tenzin Tender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Hariharapura Raghu Chandrashekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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8
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Patil RS, Tupe RS. Communal interaction of glycation and gut microbes in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:365-405. [PMID: 37589449 DOI: 10.1002/med.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasing gradually, reflecting a global threat vis-à-vis expressing the essentiality of a substantial paradigm shift in research and remedial actions. Protein glycation is influenced by several factors, like time, temperature, pH, metal ions, and the half-life of the protein. Surprisingly, most proteins associated with metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders are generally long-lived and hence susceptible to glycation. Remarkably, proteins linked with diabetes, AD, and PD share this characteristic. This modulates protein's structure, aggregation tendency, and toxicity, highlighting renovated attention. Gut microbes and microbial metabolites marked their importance in human health and diseases. Though many scientific shreds of evidence are proposed for possible change and dysbiosis in gut flora in these diseases, very little is known about the mechanisms. Screening and unfolding their functionality in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders is essential in hunting the gut treasure. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the role of glycation as a common link in diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, which helps to clarify if modulation of nonenzymatic glycation may act as a beneficial therapeutic strategy and gut microbes/metabolites may answer some of the crucial questions. This review briefly emphasizes the common functional attributes of glycation and gut microbes, the possible linkages, and discusses current treatment options and therapeutic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shivaji Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rashmi Santosh Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Coccini T, Schicchi A, Locatelli CA, Caloni F, Negri S, Grignani E, De Simone U. Methylglyoxal-induced neurotoxic effects in primary neuronal-like cells transdifferentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells: Impact of low concentrations. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1819-1839. [PMID: 37431083 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have aroused the interest of the scientific community due to the increasing evidence of their involvement in many pathophysiological processes including various neurological disorders and cognitive decline age related. Methylglyoxal (MG) is one of the reactive dicarbonyl precursors of AGEs, mainly generated as a by-product of glycolysis, whose accumulation induces neurotoxicity. In our study, MG cytotoxicity was evaluated employing a human stem cell-derived model, namely, neuron-like cells (hNLCs) transdifferentiated from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, which served as a source of human based species-specific "healthy" cells. MG increased ROS production and induced the first characteristic apoptotic hallmarks already at low concentrations (≥10 μM), decreased the cell growth (≥5-10 μM) and viability (≥25 μM), altered Glo-1 and Glo-2 enzymes (≥25 μM), and markedly affected the neuronal markers MAP-2 and NSE causing their loss at low MG concentrations (≥10 μM). Morphological alterations started at 100 μM, followed by even more marked effects and cell death after few hours (5 h) from 200 μM MG addition. Substantially, most effects occurred as low as 10 μM, concentration much lower than that reported from previous observations using different in vitro cell-based models (e.g., human neuroblastoma cell lines, primary animal cells, and human iPSCs). Remarkably, this low effective concentration approaches the level range measured in biological samples of pathological subjects. The use of a suitable cellular model, that is, human primary neurons, can provide an additional valuable tool, mimicking better the physiological and biochemical properties of brain cells, in order to evaluate the mechanistic basis of molecular and cellular alterations in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Azzurra Schicchi
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Negri
- Environmental Research Center, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Grignani
- Environmental Research Center, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Uliana De Simone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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10
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Xu Q, Yin Y, Liu Y, Ma Q, Chen X, Zhao J. Simultaneous determination of six α-dicarbonyl compounds in traditional Chinese medicines using high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector with pre-column derivatization. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300435. [PMID: 37548124 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A reliable method for determination of six α-dicarbonyl compounds in traditional Chinese medicines was first developed and validated by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector with pre-column derivatization. α-Dicarbonyl compounds in traditional Chinese medicines were extracted and derivatized with 2,3-diaminaphthalene. The derivatization procedure of six α-dicarbonyl compounds was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The limits of quantitation for six α-dicarbonyl compounds ranged from 3.70 × 10-3 to 2.21 × 10-2 μM. The established method showed good linearity (regression coefficient > 0.9990), precision (relative standard deviation < 3.37%), and high recovery (97.8%∼113.1%). The developed method was successfully applied to detect the six α-dicarbonyl compounds in traditional Chinese medicines. The result exhibited six α-dicarbonyl compounds was found in the 15 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, which suggested us that the determination of α-dicarbonyl compounds should be paid more attention in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Qianyun Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Xiangming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
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11
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Xie JB, Xie P, Guo M, Li FF, Xiao MY, Qi YS, Pei WJ, Luo HT, Gu YL, Piao XL. Protective effect of heat-processed Gynostemma pentaphyllum on high fat diet-induced glucose metabolic disorders mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1215150. [PMID: 37822878 PMCID: PMC10563512 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1215150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolic disorders (GMD) can promote insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes, and damage liver and kidney. Gynostemma pentaphyllum is commonly used in the clinical treatment of diabetes, but the research on its main active constituents and GMD has not been reported yet. This study explores the therapeutic potential of gypenosides of heat-processed Gynostemma pentaphyllum (HGyp) on high-fat diet-induced GMD in mice. HGyp was administered at different doses for 12 weeks. The investigation encompassed an array of parameters, including body weight, blood lipids, blood glucose, and liver tissue components. Metabolomic and network analyses were conducted to uncover potential targets and pathways associated with HGyp treatment. The results revealed that HGyp alleviated GMD by reducing body weight, blood glucose, and improving blood lipids levels, while increasing liver glycogen and antioxidant enzyme levels. Additionally, HGyp exhibited protective effects on liver and kidney health by reducing tissue damage. Fourteen blood components were detected by LC-MS. Metabolomic and network analyses indicated the potential engagement of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in the therapeutic effects of HGyp.Furthermore, Western blot and ELISA assays confirmed that HGyp upregulated GLO1 and GLUT4 while down-regulating AGEs and RAGE expression in liver tissue. In light of these findings, HGyp demonstrates promise as a potential therapeutic candidate for combating GMD, warranting further exploration in the development of therapeutic strategies or functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu-Long Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Lan Piao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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12
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Wei SL, Yang Y, Si WY, Zhou Y, Li T, Du T, Zhang P, Li XL, Duan RN, Duan RS, Yang CL. Methylglyoxal suppresses microglia inflammatory response through NRF2-IκBζ pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102843. [PMID: 37573838 PMCID: PMC10440576 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive metabolite generated by glycolysis. Although abnormal accumulation of MGO has been reported in several autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, the role of MGO in autoimmune diseases has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we found that the intracellular MGO levels increased in activated immune cells, such as microglia and lymphocytes. Treatment with MGO inhibited inflammatory cell accumulation in the spinal cord and ameliorated the clinical symptoms in EAE mice. Further analysis indicated that MGO suppressed M1-polarization of microglia cells and diminished their inflammatory cytokine production. MGO also inhibited the ability of microglial cells to recruit and activate lymphocytes by decreasing chemokine secretion and expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Furthermore, MGO negatively regulated glycolysis by suppressing glucose transporter 1 expression. Mechanically, we found that MGO could activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway and NRF2 could bind to the promoter of IκBζ gene and suppressed its transcription and subsequently pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In conclusion, our results showed that MGO acts as an immunosuppressive metabolite by activating the NRF2-IκBζ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Li Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250011, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wei-Yue Si
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250011, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Tong Du
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ruo-Nan Duan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250011, PR China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China.
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Bednarska K, Fecka I, Scheijen JLJM, Ahles S, Vangrieken P, Schalkwijk CG. A Citrus and Pomegranate Complex Reduces Methylglyoxal in Healthy Elderly Subjects: Secondary Analysis of a Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Clinical Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13168. [PMID: 37685975 PMCID: PMC10488144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive α-dicarbonyls (α-DCs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), are potent precursors in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In particular, MGO and MGO-derived AGEs are thought to be involved in the development of vascular complications in diabetes. Experimental studies showed that citrus and pomegranate polyphenols can scavenge α-DCs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a citrus and pomegranate complex (CPC) on the α-DCs plasma levels in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial, where thirty-six elderly subjects were enrolled. They received either 500 mg of Citrus sinensis peel extract and 200 mg of Punica granatum concentrate in CPC capsules or placebo capsules for 4 weeks, with a 4-week washout period in between. For the determination of α-DCs concentrations, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used. Following four weeks of CPC supplementation, plasma levels of MGO decreased by 9.8% (-18.7 nmol/L; 95% CI: -36.7, -0.7 nmol/L; p = 0.042). Our findings suggest that CPC supplementation may represent a promising strategy for mitigating the conditions associated with MGO involvement. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03781999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bednarska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- The Committee on Therapeutics and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Pl. Defilad 1, 00-901 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jean L. J. M. Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.L.J.M.S.); (P.V.); (C.G.S.)
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Ahles
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- BioActor BV, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Vangrieken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.L.J.M.S.); (P.V.); (C.G.S.)
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.L.J.M.S.); (P.V.); (C.G.S.)
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Xu Y, Zhou X, Gao L, Yan S, Li Z, Zhang D, Pu J, Zou S, Mao Z. Identification of HAGHL as a novel metabolic oncogene regulating human colorectal cancer progression. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1033-1042. [PMID: 36417085 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer development remains the most challenging obstacle in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. The current study aims to identify and demonstrate novel oncogenes for CRC. METHODS The CRC data of the Cancer Genome Atlas database and the Gene Expression Omnibus database were subjected to bioinformatics analysis to identify the novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC. Immunohistochemical assay, western blot, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to analyze hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase-like (HAGHL) gene expression in CRC tissues and cultured CRC cells. D-Lactate colorimetric assay was applied to determine concentration of D-lactate in supernatants from CRC tissues and cell culture medium. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, tumor xenografts experiment, and TUNEL staining analysis were performed to evaluate the function of HAGHL in CRC. RESULTS We comprehensively analyzed the CRC data of the Cancer Genome Atlas database and the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and identified several novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC, including HAGHL, DNTTIP1, DHX34, and AP1S3. The expression of HAGHL, the strongest oncogenic activity gene, is positively related to D-lactate levels in CRC tissues and negatively associated with patient prognosis. HAGHL downregulation suppressed the production of D-lactate and induced apoptosis, resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. In vivo experiment showed that knockdown of HAGHL induced cell apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HAGHL acts as a novel metabolic oncogene and demonstrate the underlying mechanism by which HAGHL regulates CRC progression, highlighting its utility as a diagnostic and prognostic factor and as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Yan
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyun Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiyi Zhang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Pu
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shitao Zou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 16 Baita West Road, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongqi Mao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Chen X, Liu Y, Kong L, Wen Z, Wang W, Wang C. Quantitative Chemoproteomic Profiling of Protein Cross-Links Induced by Methylglyoxal. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2010-2017. [PMID: 35797239 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive metabolite mainly formed as a byproduct of glycolysis. Elevated MGO has been considered as a risk factor for several diseases including diabetes and neurodegeneration. While MGO modifications on proteins were globally profiled, the cross-links between proteins induced by MGO in proteomes are unexplored to date. Here, we reported a quantitative chemoproteomic platform based on mass shifts that enables identification of events of protein cross-links induced by MGO in proteomes. A total of 66 cross-linked targets were identified from the profiling experiments when cells were treated with MGO, among which the components of functional complexes such as spliceosomes and ribosomes were enriched. We found that inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) was homocross-linked by MGO and the active-site Cys331 was critical for mediating the cross-link, which in turn affected IMPDH2's activity. Our study has provided new clues for the functional impact in proteomes by MGO, and the methodology can be, in principle, applied to profile protein cross-links induced by other reactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linghao Kong
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ziyang Wen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weize Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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16
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Prevenzano I, Leone A, Longo M, Nicolò A, Cabaro S, Collina F, Panarese I, Botti G, Formisano P, Napoli R, Beguinot F, Miele C, Nigro C. Glyoxalase 1 knockdown induces age-related β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance in mice. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52990. [PMID: 35620868 PMCID: PMC9253754 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight control of glycemia is a major treatment goal for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical studies indicated that factors other than poor glycemic control may be important in fostering T2DM progression. Increased levels of methylglyoxal (MGO) associate with complications development, but its role in the early steps of T2DM pathogenesis has not been defined. Here, we show that MGO accumulation induces an age-dependent impairment of glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice knockdown for glyoxalase 1 (Glo1KD). This metabolic alteration associates with the presence of insular inflammatory infiltration (F4/80-positive staining), the islet expression of senescence markers, and higher levels of cytokines (MCP-1 and TNF-α), part of the senescence-activated secretory profile, in the pancreas from 10-month-old Glo1KD mice, compared with their WT littermates. In vitro exposure of INS832/13 β-cells to MGO confirms its casual role on β-cell dysfunction, which can be reverted by senolytic treatment. These data indicate that MGO is capable to induce early phenotypes typical of T2D progression, paving the way for novel prevention approaches to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Prevenzano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Alessia Leone
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Michele Longo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Antonella Nicolò
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Serena Cabaro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Francesca Collina
- Pathology UnitIstituto Nazionale Tumori‐IRCCS‐Fondazione G.PascaleNaplesItaly
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Unità di Anatomia PatologicaDipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina PreventivaUniversità degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli"NaplesItaly
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific DirectionIstituto Nazionale Tumori‐IRCCS‐Fondazione G.PascaleNaplesItaly
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Raffaele Napoli
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
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Gupta A, Khursheed M, Arif Z, Badar A, Alam K. Methylglyoxal-induces multiple stable changes in human serum albumin before forming nephrotoxic advanced glycation end-products: Injury demonstration in human embryonic kidney cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:252-263. [PMID: 35716786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The minor fraction of methylglyoxal that is not metabolized in healthy humans reacts with macromolecules to form AGEs. In diabetics, the formation of MG is accelerated; its level may be enhanced multifold. The glyoxalase enzymes responsible for the regular and effective clearance of excess methylglyoxal may become defective in diabetes mellitus leading to its retention in cells and plasma. The methylglyoxal-modified-HSA was prepared, characterised by multiple biophysical techniques and biochemical (s) and its damaging effect was examined on embryonic kidney cell line HEK 293. The UV results showed hyperchromicity in MG-modified-HSA while nitroblue tetrazolium and fluorescence data suggested AGEs formation in comparison to control HSA. Upward shift of negative peaks in CD suggested reduction in α-helicity. Accelerated mobility and diffused broad bands observed in native and SDS polyacrylamide gel, respectively suggest neutralization of some of the positive charges on MG-modified-HSA as well as generation of cross-links. As observed by trypan blue assay, MTT, LDH activity assay, acridine orange, propidium iodide, ethidium bromide, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and ROS measurements, the MG-HSA AGEs caused damage to human embryonic kidney cells. The data suggest that MG-HSA AGEs may trigger powerful inflammatory responses at cellular level which might set the stage for nephrotoxicity in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akankcha Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Manal Khursheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Zarina Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Asim Badar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India.
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18
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Luo Y, Zhang J, Ho CT, Li S. Management of Maillard reaction-derived reactive carbonyl species and advanced glycation end products by tea and tea polyphenols. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Zhang X, Schalkwijk CG, Wouters K. Immunometabolism and the modulation of immune responses and host defense: A role for methylglyoxal? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Koschmieder J, Alseekh S, Shabani M, Baltenweck R, Maurino VG, Palme K, Fernie AR, Hugueney P, Welsch R. Color recycling: metabolization of apocarotenoid degradation products suggests carbon regeneration via primary metabolic pathways. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:961-977. [PMID: 35064799 PMCID: PMC9035014 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of carotenoid-accumulating roots revealed that oxidative carotenoid degradation yields glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Our data suggest that these compounds are detoxified via the glyoxalase system and re-enter primary metabolic pathways. Carotenoid levels in plant tissues depend on the relative rates of synthesis and degradation. We recently identified redox enzymes previously known to be involved in the detoxification of fatty acid-derived reactive carbonyl species which were able to convert apocarotenoids into corresponding alcohols and carboxylic acids. However, their subsequent metabolization pathways remain unresolved. Interestingly, we found that carotenoid-accumulating roots have increased levels of glutathione, suggesting apocarotenoid glutathionylation to occur. In vitro and in planta investigations did not, however, support the occurrence of non-enzymatic or enzymatic glutathionylation of β-apocarotenoids. An alternative breakdown pathway is the continued oxidative degradation of primary apocarotenoids or their derivatives into the shortest possible oxidation products, namely glyoxal and methylglyoxal, which also accumulated in carotenoid-accumulating roots. In fact, combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis suggest that the high levels of glutathione are most probably required for detoxifying apocarotenoid-derived glyoxal and methylglyoxal via the glyoxalase pathway, yielding glycolate and D-lactate, respectively. Further transcriptome analysis suggested subsequent reactions involving activities associated with photorespiration and the peroxisome-specific glycolate/glyoxylate transporter. Finally, detoxified primary apocarotenoid degradation products might be converted into pyruvate which is possibly re-used for the synthesis of carotenoid biosynthesis precursors. Our findings allow to envision carbon recycling during carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation and re-synthesis which consumes energy, but partially maintains initially fixed carbon via re-introducing reactive carotenoid degradation products into primary metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Marzieh Shabani
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Veronica G Maurino
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Philippe Hugueney
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, 68000, Colmar, France
| | - Ralf Welsch
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Proteomic Analysis of Methylglyoxal Modifications Reveals Susceptibility of Glycolytic Enzymes to Dicarbonyl Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073689. [PMID: 35409048 PMCID: PMC8998448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive cellular metabolite that glycates lysine and arginine residues to form post-translational modifications known as advanced glycation end products. Because of their low abundance and low stoichiometry, few studies have reported their occurrence and site-specific locations in proteins. Proteomic analysis of WIL2-NS B lymphoblastoid cells in the absence and presence of exogenous MGO was conducted to investigate the extent of MGO modifications. We found over 500 MGO modified proteins, revealing an over-representation of these modifications on many glycolytic enzymes, as well as ribosomal and spliceosome proteins. Moreover, MGO modifications were observed on the active site residues of glycolytic enzymes that could alter their activity. We similarly observed modification of glycolytic enzymes across several epithelial cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes, with modification of fructose bisphosphate aldolase being observed in all samples. These results indicate that glycolytic proteins could be particularly prone to the formation of MGO adducts.
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22
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Glyoxal induced glycative insult suffered by immunoglobulin G and fibrinogen proteins: A comparative physicochemical characterization to reveal structural perturbations. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:283-296. [PMID: 35192903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycation of proteins results in structural alteration, functional deprivation, and generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during in vivo autoxidation of glucose induces glycoxidation of intermediate glycation-adducts, which in turn give rise to aldehyde and/or ketone groups containing dicarbonyls or reactive carbonyl species (RCS). RCS further reacts non-enzymatically and starts the glycation-oxidation vicious cycle, thus exacerbating oxidative, carbonyl, and glycative stress in the physiological system. Glyoxal (GO), a reactive dicarbonyl that generates during glycoxidation and lipid peroxidation, contributes to glycation. This in vitro physicochemical characterization study focuses on GO-induced glycoxidative damage suffered by immunoglobulin G (IgG) and fibrinogen proteins. The structural alterations were analyzed by UV-vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Ketoamines, protein carbonyls, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), free lysine, free arginine, carboxymethyllysine (CML), and protein aggregation were also quantified. Structural perturbations, increased concentration of ketoamines, protein carbonyls, HMF, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reported in glycated proteins. The experiment results also validate increased oxidative stress and AGEs formation i.e. IgG-AGEs and Fib-AGEs. Thus, we can conclude that AGEs formation during GO-mediated glycation of IgG and fibrinogen could hamper normal physiology and might play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated secondary complications.
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Simultaneous Determination of Seven α-Dicarbonyl Compounds in Milk and Milk Products Based on an LC–MS/MS Method with Matrix-Matched Calibration. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Impact of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and its receptor (RAGE) on cancer metabolic signaling pathways and its progression. Glycoconj J 2022; 38:717-734. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jiang M, Yakupu A, Guan H, Dong J, Liu Y, Song F, Tang J, Tian M, Niu Y, Lu S. Pyridoxamine ameliorates methylglyoxal-induced macrophage dysfunction to facilitate tissue repair in diabetic wounds. Int Wound J 2022; 19:52-63. [PMID: 33792156 PMCID: PMC8684884 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound formed during hyperglycaemia. MGO combines with proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs), leading to cellular dysfunction and organ damage. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the higher the plasma MGO concentration, the higher the lower extremity amputation rate. Here, we aimed to identify the mechanisms of MGO-induced dysfunction. We observed that the accumulation of MGO-derived AGEs in human diabetic wounds increased, whereas the expression of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), a key metabolic enzyme of MGO, decreased. We show for the first time that topical application of pyridoxamine (PM), a natural vitamin B6 analogue, reduced the accumulation of MGO-derived AGEs in the wound tissue of type-2 diabetic mice, promoted the influx of macrophages in the early stage of tissue repair, improved the dysfunctional inflammatory response, and accelerated wound healing. In vitro, MGO damaged the phagocytic functions of M1-like macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not those of M0-like macrophages induced by PMA or of M2-like macrophages induced by interleukins 4 (IL-4) and 13 (IL-13); the impaired phagocytosis of M1-like macrophages was rescued by PM administration. These findings suggest that the increase in MGO metabolism in vivo might contribute to macrophage dysfunction, thereby affecting wound healing. Our results indicate that PM may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating diabetic wounds. MGO forms protein adducts that cause macrophage dysfunction. These adducts cause cell and organ dysfunction that is common in diabetes. Pyridoxamine scavenges MGO to ameliorate this dysfunction, promoting wound healing. Pyridoxamine could be used therapeutically to treat non-healing diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfei Jiang
- Department of BurnRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Aobuliaximu Yakupu
- Department of BurnRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haonan Guan
- Department of BurnRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jiaoyun Dong
- Department of BurnRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yingkai Liu
- Department of BurnRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Song
- Department of BurnRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jiajun Tang
- Department of BurnRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of BurnRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwen Niu
- Department of BurnRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Department of BurnRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Rehman S, Song J, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Akhter F, Ahmad S, Hu B. The Neoepitopes on Methylglyoxal- (MG-) Glycated Fibrinogen Generate Autoimmune Response: Its Role in Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Diabetic Atherosclerosis Subjects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6621568. [PMID: 34970417 PMCID: PMC8714332 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6621568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia-mediated nonenzymatic glycosylation of fibrinogen protein plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of micro- and macrovascular complications especially atherosclerosis via the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Methylglyoxal (MG) induces glycation of fibrinogen, resulting in structural alterations that lead to autoimmune response via the generation of neoepitopes on protein molecules. The present study was designed to probe the prevalence of autoantibodies against MG-glycated fibrinogen (MG-Fib) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis (ATH), and diabetic atherosclerosis (T2DM-ATH) patients. Design and Methods. The binding affinity of autoantibodies in patients' sera (T2DM, n = 100; ATH, n = 100; and T2DM-ATH, n = 100) and isolated immunoglobulin G (IgG) against native fibrinogen (N-Fib) and MG-Fib to healthy subjects (HS, n = 50) was accessed by direct binding ELISA. The results of direct binding were further validated by competitive/inhibition ELISA. Moreover, AGE detection, ketoamines, protein carbonyls, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and carboxymethyllysine (CML) concentrations in patients' sera were also determined. Furthermore, free lysine and free arginine residues were also estimated. RESULTS The high binding affinity was observed in 54% of T2DM, 33% of ATH, and 65% of T2DM-ATH patients' samples with respect to healthy subjects against MG-Fib antigen in comparison to N-Fib (p < 0.05 to p < 0.0001). HS sera showed nonsignificant binding (p > 0.05) with N-Fib and MG-Fib. Other biochemical parameters were also found to be significant (p < 0.05) in the patient groups with respect to the HS group. CONCLUSIONS These findings in the future might pave a way to authenticate fibrinogen as a biomarker for the early detection of diabetes-associated micro- and macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Sir Syed Faculty of Science, Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, Rampur, U.P., India
| | - Jiantao Song
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firoz Akhter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
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Role of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on dicarbonyl-albumin derived advanced glycation end products in vitro. Amino Acids 2021; 54:721-732. [PMID: 34424383 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycation is a non-enzymatic reaction that occurs between the free amino group of proteins and reducing sugars and/or lipids, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The reaction also produces reactive oxygen species that have detrimental effects on cellular and extracellular proteins. Aminoguanidine is a known inhibitor of AGEs, and some fatty acids are known to have a beneficial role in vivo by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the role of fatty acids on AGE formation has not been thoroughly reported. We investigated the role of a range of fatty acids in the formation of AGEs and their reactive intermediates using an in vitro BSA-dicarbonyl model. The model assessed a time-dependent (0-72 h) and dicarbonyl concentration (0-2 mM) -dependent studies for the optimal formation of AGEs. A 72 h time point was found to be optimal for the reaction of BSA with either methylglyoxal (MGO) or glyoxal (GO) to generate AGE-BSA complexes. When arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acids were included in the reaction, a significant decrease in protein-bound fluorescent AGEs was seen compared to the respective controls. In contrast, saturated and 18 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids showed no significant activity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed saturated fatty acids significantly decreased the production of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL) from GO and MGO models, respectively, whilst increasing methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1). In contrast, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids did not significantly change either CEL or MG-H1 compared to no treatment controls whilst significantly reducing CML levels.
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Formation of α-dicarbonyl compounds and glycation products in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds during roasting: a multiresponse kinetic modelling approach. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Lv P, Man S, Xie L, Ma L, Gao W. Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategy in platinum resistance lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188577. [PMID: 34098035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platinum compounds (cisplatin and carboplatin) represent the most active anticancer agents in clinical use both of lung cancer in mono-and combination therapies. However, platinum resistance limits its clinical application. It is necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of platinum resistance, identify predictive markers, and develop newer, more effective and less toxic agents to treat platinum resistance in lung cancer. Here, it summarizes the main molecular mechanisms associated with platinum resistance in lung cancer and the development of new approaches to tackle this clinically relevant problem. Moreover, it could lead to the development of more effective treatment for refractory lung cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Lu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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30
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Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Lee EJ, Lee YH, Choi I. Consequences of Dicarbonyl Stress on Skeletal Muscle Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:878-889. [PMID: 31746292 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191119100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body and constitutes almost 40% of body mass. It is also the primary site of insulin-mediated glucose uptake, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, that is, diminished response to insulin, is characteristic of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). One of the foremost reasons posited to explain the etiology of T2DM involves the modification of proteins by dicarbonyl stress due to an unbalanced metabolism and accumulations of dicarbonyl metabolites. The elevated concentration of dicarbonyl metabolites (i.e., glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone) leads to DNA and protein modifications, causing cell/tissue dysfunctions in several metabolic diseases such as T2DM and other age-associated diseases. In this review, we recapitulated reported effects of dicarbonyl stress on skeletal muscle and associated extracellular proteins with emphasis on the impact of T2DM on skeletal muscle and provided a brief introduction to the prevention/inhibition of dicarbonyl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
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31
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Leone A, Nigro C, Nicolò A, Prevenzano I, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Miele C. The Dual-Role of Methylglyoxal in Tumor Progression - Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Front Oncol 2021; 11:645686. [PMID: 33869040 PMCID: PMC8044862 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.645686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer cells is their metabolic reprogramming, which includes the preference for the use of anaerobic glycolysis to produce energy, even in presence of normal oxygen levels. This phenomenon, known as “Warburg effect”, leads to the increased production of reactive intermediates. Among these Methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive dicarbonyl known as the major precursor of the advanced glycated end products (AGEs), is attracting great attention. It has been well established that endogenous MGO levels are increased in several types of cancer, however the MGO contribution in tumor progression is still debated. Although an anti-cancer role was initially attributed to MGO due to its cytotoxicity, emerging evidence has highlighted its pro-tumorigenic role in several types of cancer. These apparently conflicting results are explained by the hormetic potential of MGO, in which lower doses of MGO are able to establish an adaptive response in cancer cells while higher doses cause cellular apoptosis. Therefore, the extent of MGO accumulation and the tumor context are crucial to establish MGO contribution to cancer progression. Several therapeutic approaches have been proposed and are currently under investigation to inhibit the pro-tumorigenic action of MGO. In this review, we provide an overview of the early and latest evidence regarding the role of MGO in cancer, in order to define its contribution in tumor progression, and the therapeutic strategies aimed to counteract the tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Leone
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Nicolò
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Prevenzano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Dicarbonyl stress, protein glycation and the unfolded protein response. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:331-340. [PMID: 33644826 PMCID: PMC8116241 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The reactive dicarbonyl metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG), is increased in obesity and diabetes and is implicated in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular complications of diabetes. Dicarbonyl stress is the metabolic state of abnormal high MG concentration. MG is an arginine-directed glycating agent and precursor of the major advanced glycation endproduct, arginine-derived hydroimidazolone MG-H1. MG-H1 is often formed on protein surfaces and an uncharged hydrophobic residue, inducing protein structural distortion and misfolding. Recent studies indicate that dicarbonyl stress in human endothelial cells and fibroblasts in vitro induced a proteomic response consistent with activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The response included: increased abundance of heat shock proteins and ubiquitin ligases catalysing the removal of proteins with unshielded surface hydrophobic patches and formation of polyubiquitinated chains to encapsulate misfolded proteins; and increased low grade inflammation. Activation of the UPR is implicated in insulin resistance. An effective strategy to counter increased MG is inducing increased expression of glyoxalase-1 (Glo1). An optimized inducer of Glo1 expression, trans-resveratrol and hesperetin combination, normalized increased MG concentration, corrected insulin resistance and decreased low grade inflammation in overweight and obese subjects. We propose that dicarbonyl stress, through increased formation of MG-glycated proteins, may be an important physiological stimulus of the UPR and Glo1 inducers may provide a route to effective suppression and therapy. With further investigation and validation, this may provide key new insight into physiological activators of the UPR and association with dicarbonyl stress.
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Interplay among Oxidative Stress, Methylglyoxal Pathway and S-Glutathionylation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010019. [PMID: 33379155 PMCID: PMC7824032 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced constantly inside the cells as a consequence of nutrient catabolism. The balance between ROS production and elimination allows to maintain cell redox homeostasis and biological functions, avoiding the occurrence of oxidative distress causing irreversible oxidative damages. A fundamental player in this fine balance is reduced glutathione (GSH), required for the scavenging of ROS as well as of the reactive 2-oxoaldehydes methylglyoxal (MGO). MGO is a cytotoxic compound formed constitutively as byproduct of nutrient catabolism, and in particular of glycolysis, detoxified in a GSH-dependent manner by the glyoxalase pathway consisting in glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II reactions. A physiological increase in ROS production (oxidative eustress, OxeS) is promptly signaled by the decrease of cellular GSH/GSSG ratio which can induce the reversible S-glutathionylation of key proteins aimed at restoring the redox balance. An increase in MGO level also occurs under oxidative stress (OxS) conditions probably due to several events among which the decrease in GSH level and/or the bottleneck of glycolysis caused by the reversible S-glutathionylation and inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In the present review, it is shown how MGO can play a role as a stress signaling molecule in response to OxeS, contributing to the coordination of cell metabolism with gene expression by the glycation of specific proteins. Moreover, it is highlighted how the products of MGO metabolism, S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG) and D-lactate, which can be taken up and metabolized by mitochondria, could play important roles in cell response to OxS, contributing to cytosol-mitochondria crosstalk, cytosolic and mitochondrial GSH pools, energy production, and the restoration of the GSH/GSSG ratio. The role for SLG and glyoxalase II in the regulation of protein function through S-glutathionylation under OxS conditions is also discussed. Overall, the data reported here stress the need for further studies aimed at understanding what role the evolutionary-conserved MGO formation and metabolism can play in cell signaling and response to OxS conditions, the aberration of which may importantly contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases associated to elevated OxS.
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Dicarbonyl derived post-translational modifications: chemistry bridging biology and aging-related disease. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:97-110. [PMID: 31939602 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In living systems, nucleophilic amino acid residues are prone to non-enzymatic post-translational modification by electrophiles. α-Dicarbonyl compounds are a special type of electrophiles that can react irreversibly with lysine, arginine, and cysteine residues via complex mechanisms to form post-translational modifications known as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone are the major endogenous dicarbonyls, with methylglyoxal being the most well-studied. There are several routes that lead to the formation of dicarbonyl compounds, most originating from glucose and glucose metabolism, such as the non-enzymatic decomposition of glycolytic intermediates and fructosyl amines. Although dicarbonyls are removed continuously mainly via the glyoxalase system, several conditions lead to an increase in dicarbonyl concentration and thereby AGE formation. AGEs have been implicated in diabetes and aging-related diseases, and for this reason the elucidation of their structure as well as protein targets is of great interest. Though the dicarbonyls and reactive protein side chains are of relatively simple nature, the structures of the adducts as well as their mechanism of formation are not that trivial. Furthermore, detection of sites of modification can be demanding and current best practices rely on either direct mass spectrometry or various methods of enrichment based on antibodies or click chemistry followed by mass spectrometry. Future research into the structure of these adducts and protein targets of dicarbonyl compounds may improve the understanding of how the mechanisms of diabetes and aging-related physiological damage occur.
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He Y, Zhou C, Huang M, Tang C, Liu X, Yue Y, Diao Q, Zheng Z, Liu D. Glyoxalase system: A systematic review of its biological activity, related-diseases, screening methods and small molecule regulators. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Aragonès G, Rowan S, G Francisco S, Yang W, Weinberg J, Taylor A, Bejarano E. Glyoxalase System as a Therapeutic Target against Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111062. [PMID: 33143048 PMCID: PMC7692619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, a defining characteristic of diabetes, combined with oxidative stress, results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds that have adverse effects on many tissues including the retina and lens. AGEs promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, boost the production of AGEs, resulting in positive feedback loops, a vicious cycle that compromises tissue fitness. Oxidative stress and the accumulation of AGEs are etiologically associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is a devastating microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. The onset and development of DR is multifactorial. Lowering AGEs accumulation may represent a potential therapeutic approach to slow this sight-threatening diabetic complication. To set DR in a physiological context, in this review we first describe relations between oxidative stress, formation of AGEs, and aging in several tissues of the eye, each of which is associated with a major age-related eye pathology. We summarize mechanisms of AGEs generation and anti-AGEs detoxifying systems. We specifically feature the potential of the glyoxalase system in the retina in the prevention of AGEs-associated damage linked to DR. We provide a comparative analysis of glyoxalase activity in different tissues from wild-type mice, supporting a major role for the glyoxalase system in the detoxification of AGEs in the retina, and present the manipulation of this system as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the onset of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Aragonès
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sarah G Francisco
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Wenxin Yang
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jasper Weinberg
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.B.); Tel.: +617-556-3156 (A.T.)
| | - Eloy Bejarano
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.B.); Tel.: +617-556-3156 (A.T.)
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Cianfruglia L, Morresi C, Bacchetti T, Armeni T, Ferretti G. Protection of Polyphenols against Glyco-Oxidative Stress: Involvement of Glyoxalase Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101006. [PMID: 33081239 PMCID: PMC7602851 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic high glucose (HG) exposure increases methylglyoxal (MGO)-derived advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and is involved in the onset of pathological conditions, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis and chronic-degenerative diseases. Under physiologic conditions the harmful effects of MGO are contrasted by glyoxalase system that is implicated in the detoxification of Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS) and maintain the homeostasis of the redox environment of the cell. Polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet and present various health benefits. Aims of the study were to investigate the effects of HG-chronic exposure on glyco-oxidation and glyoxalase system in intestinal cells, using CaCo-2 cells. Moreover, we studied the effect of apple polyphenols on glyco-oxidative stress. Our data demonstrated that HG-treatment triggers glyco-oxidation stress with a significant increase in intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, AGEs, and increase of Glyoxalase I (GlxI) activity. On the contrary, Glyoxalase II (GlxII) activity was lower in HG-treated cells. We demonstrate that apple polyphenols exert a protective effect against oxidative stress and dicarbonyl stress. The increase of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione (GSH) levels in HG-treated cells in the presence of apple polyphenols was associated with a decrease of GlxI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cianfruglia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (L.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Camilla Morresi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (T.A.)
| | - Tatiana Armeni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (L.C.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (T.A.)
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (L.C.); (G.F.)
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Bai S, Chaurasiya AH, Banarjee R, Walke PB, Rashid F, Unnikrishnan AG, Kulkarni MJ. CD44, a Predominant Protein in Methylglyoxal-Induced Secretome of Muscle Cells, is Elevated in Diabetic Plasma. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25016-25028. [PMID: 33043179 PMCID: PMC7542587 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a glycolytic intermediate and reactive dicarbonyl, is responsible for exacerbation of insulin resistance and diabetic complication. In this study, MG-induced secretome of rat muscle cells was identified and relatively quantified by SWATH-MS. A total of 643 proteins were identified in MG-induced secretome, of which 82 proteins were upregulated and 99 proteins were downregulated by more than 1.3-fold in SWATH analysis. Further, secretory proteins from the classical secretory pathway and nonclassical secretory pathway were identified using SignalP and SecretomeP, respectively. A total of 180 proteins were identified with SignalP, and 113 proteins were identified with SecretomeP. The differentially expressed proteins were functionally annotated by KEGG pathway analysis using Cytoscape software with plugin clusterMaker. The differentially expressed proteins were found to be involved in various pathways like extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, leukocyte transendothelial migration, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, complement and coagulation cascades, and lysosomal pathway. Since the MG levels are high in diabetic conditions, the presence of MG-induced secreted proteins was inspected by profiling human plasma of healthy and diabetic subjects (n = 10 each). CD44, a predominant MG-induced secreted protein, was found to be elevated in the diabetic plasma and to have a role in the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakuntala Bai
- Proteomics
Facility, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Arvindkumar H. Chaurasiya
- Proteomics
Facility, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Reema Banarjee
- Proteomics
Facility, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Prachi B. Walke
- Proteomics
Facility, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Faraz Rashid
- Sciex, 121 DHR, Udyog Vihar, Phase IV, Gurugram 122015, Haryana, India
| | | | - Mahesh J. Kulkarni
- Proteomics
Facility, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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Sun X, Li H, Thapa S, Reddy Sangireddy S, Pei X, Liu W, Jiang Y, Yang S, Hui D, Bhatti S, Zhou S, Yang Y, Fish T, Thannhauser TW. Al-induced proteomics changes in tomato plants over-expressing a glyoxalase I gene. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:43. [PMID: 32257229 PMCID: PMC7109090 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (Gly I) is the first enzyme in the glutathionine-dependent glyoxalase pathway for detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) under stress conditions. Transgenic tomato 'Money Maker' plants overexpressing tomato SlGlyI gene (tomato unigene accession SGN-U582631/Solyc09g082120.3.1) were generated and homozygous lines were obtained after four generations of self-pollination. In this study, SlGlyI-overepxressing line (GlyI), wild type (WT, negative control) and plants transformed with empty vector (ECtr, positive control), were subjected to Al-treatment by growing in Magnavaca's nutrient solution (pH 4.5) supplemented with 20 µM Al3+ ion activity. After 30 days of treatments, the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of plants from Al-treated conditions decreased significantly compared to the non-treated conditions for all the three lines. When compared across the three lines, root fresh and dry weight of GlyI was significant higher than WT and ECtr, whereas there was no difference in shoot tissues. The basal 5 mm root-tips of GlyI plants expressed a significantly higher level of glyoxalase activity under both non-Al-treated and Al-treated conditions compared to the two control lines. Under Al-treated condition, there was a significant increase in MG content in ECtr and WT lines, but not in GlyI line. Quantitative proteomics analysis using tandem mass tags mass spectrometry identified 4080 quantifiable proteins and 201 Al-induced differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in root-tip tissues from GlyI, and 4273 proteins and 230 DEPs from ECtr. The Al-down-regulated DEPs were classified into molecular pathways of gene transcription, RNA splicing and protein biosynthesis in both GlyI and ECtr lines. The Al-induced DEPs in GlyI associated with tolerance to Al3+ and MG toxicity are involved in callose degradation, cell wall components (xylan acetylation and pectin degradation), oxidative stress (antioxidants) and turnover of Al-damaged epidermal cells, repair of damaged DNA, epigenetics, gene transcription, and protein translation. A protein-protein association network was constructed to aid the selection of proteins in the same pathway but differentially regulated in GlyI or ECtr lines. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD009456 under project title '25Dec2017_Suping_XSexp2_ITAG3.2' for SlGlyI-overexpressing tomato plants and PXD009848 under project title '25Dec2017_Suping_XSexp3_ITAG3.2' for positive control ECtr line transformed with empty vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Sun
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA
| | - Santosh Thapa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA
| | - Sasikiran Reddy Sangireddy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA
| | - Xiaobo Pei
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA
| | - Yuping Jiang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA
| | - Shaolan Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA
| | - Sarabjit Bhatti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA
| | - Suping Zhou
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA
| | - Yong Yang
- R.W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Tara Fish
- R.W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Theodore W. Thannhauser
- R.W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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40
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Dimitropoulos A, Rosado CJ, Thomas MC. Dicarbonyl-mediated AGEing and diabetic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2020; 33:909-915. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Loci associated with genomic damage levels in chronic kidney disease patients and controls. Mutat Res 2020; 852:503167. [PMID: 32265040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a multifactorial disorder with an important genetic component, and several studies have demonstrated potential associations with allelic variants. In addition, CKD patients are also characterized by high levels of genomic damage. Nevertheless, no studies have established relationships between DNA damage, or genomic instability present in CKD patients, and gene polymorphisms. To fill in this gap, the potential role of polymorphisms in genes involved in base excision repair (OGG1, rs1052133; MUTYH, rs3219489; XRCC1, rs25487), nucleotide excision repair (ERCC2/XPD, rs1799793, rs171140, rs13181; ERCC4, rs3136166); phase II metabolism (GSTP1, rs749174; GSTO1, rs2164624; GSTO2, rs156697), and antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, rs17880135, rs1041740, rs202446; SOD2, rs4880; CAT, rs1001179; GPX1, rs17080528; GPX3, rs870406: GPX4, rs713041) were inquired. In addition, some genes involved in CKD (AGT, rs5050; GLO1, rs386572987; SHROOM3, rs17319721) were also evaluated. The genomic damage, the genomic instability, and oxidative damage were evaluated by using the micronucleus and the comet assay in 589 donors (415 CKD patients and 174 controls). Our results showed significant associations between genomic damage and genes directly involved in DNA repair pathways (XRCC1, and ERCC2), and with genes encoding for antioxidant enzymes (SOD1 and GPX1). GSTO2, as a gene involved in phase II metabolism, and MUTYH showed also an association with genomic instability. Interestingly, the three genes associated with CKD (AGT, GLO1, and SHROOM3) showed associations with both the high levels of oxidatively damaged DNA and genomic instability. These results support our view that genomic instability can be considered a biomarker of the CKD status.
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42
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Meloni BP, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW. Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs): A Novel Class of Neuroprotective Agents With a Multimodal Mechanism of Action. Front Neurol 2020; 11:108. [PMID: 32158425 PMCID: PMC7052017 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are virtually no clinically available neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological disorders, hence there is an urgent need for the development of new neuroprotective molecules. Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) are an expanding and relatively novel class of compounds, which possess intrinsic neuroprotective properties. Intriguingly, CARPs possess a combination of biological properties unprecedented for a neuroprotective agent including the ability to traverse cell membranes and enter the CNS, antagonize calcium influx, target mitochondria, stabilize proteins, inhibit proteolytic enzymes, induce pro-survival signaling, scavenge toxic molecules, and reduce oxidative stress as well as, having a range of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer actions. CARPs have also been used as carrier molecules for the delivery of other putative neuroprotective agents across the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier. However, there is increasing evidence that the neuroprotective efficacy of many, if not all these other agents delivered using a cationic arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide (CCPPs) carrier (e.g., TAT) may actually be mediated largely by the properties of the carrier molecule, with overall efficacy further enhanced according to the amino acid composition of the cargo peptide, in particular its arginine content. Therefore, in reviewing the neuroprotective mechanisms of action of CARPs we also consider studies using CCPPs fused to a putative neuroprotective peptide. We review the history of CARPs in neuroprotection and discuss in detail the intrinsic biological properties that may contribute to their cytoprotective effects and their usefulness as a broad-acting class of neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Meloni
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Kold-Christensen R, Johannsen M. Methylglyoxal Metabolism and Aging-Related Disease: Moving from Correlation toward Causation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:81-92. [PMID: 31757593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a ubiquitous metabolite that spontaneously reacts with biopolymers forming advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are strongly associated with aging-related diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. As the formation of AGEs is nonenzymatic, the damage caused by MG and AGEs has been regarded as unspecific. This may have resulted in the field generally been regarded as unappealing by many researchers, as detailed mechanisms have been difficult to probe. However, accumulating evidence highlighting the importance of MG in human metabolism and disease, as well as data revealing how MG can elicit its signaling function via specific protein AGEs, could change the current mindset, accelerating the field to the forefront of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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44
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Effect of prednisolone on glyoxalase 1 in an inbred mouse model of aristolochic acid nephropathy using a proteomics method with fluorogenic derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227838. [PMID: 31968011 PMCID: PMC6975546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prednisolone is involved in glucose homeostasis and has been used for treatment for aristolochic acid (AA) nephropathy (AAN), but its effect on glycolysis in kidney has not yet been clarified. This study aims to investigate the effect in terms of altered proteins after prednisolone treatment in a mice model of AAN using a proteomics technique. The six-week C3H/He female mice were administrated AA (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 56 days. AA+P group mice were then given prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage for the next 14 days, and AA group mice were fed water instead. The tubulointerstitial damage was improved after prednisolone treatment comparing to that of AA group. Kidney homogenates were harvested to perform the proteomics analysis with fluorogenic derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (FD-LC-MS/MS). On the other hand, urinary methylglyoxal and D-lactate levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. There were 47 altered peaks and 39 corresponding proteins on day 14 among the groups, and the glycolysis-related proteins, especially glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (aldolase B), and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), decreased in the AA+P group. Meanwhile, prednisolone decreased the urinary amount of methylglyoxal (AA+P: 2.004 ± 0.301 μg vs. AA: 2.741 ± 0.630 μg, p < 0.05), which was accompanied with decrease in urinary amount of D-lactate (AA+P: 54.07 ± 5.45 μmol vs. AA: 86.09 ± 8.44 μmol, p < 0.05). Prednisolone thus alleviated inflammation and interstitial renal fibrosis. The renal protective mechanism might be associated with down-regulation of GLO1 via reducing the contents of methylglyoxal derived from glycolysis. With the aid of proteomics analysis and the determination of methylglyoxal and its metabolite-D-lactate, we have demonstrated for the first time the biochemical efficacy of prednisolone, and urinary methylglyoxal and its metabolite-D-lactate might be potential biomarkers for AAN.
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45
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Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA. Methylglyoxal, a Highly Reactive Dicarbonyl Compound, in Diabetes, Its Vascular Complications, and Other Age-Related Diseases. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:407-461. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, vascular complications of diabetes, and several other age-related chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and disorders of the central nervous system. MGO is mainly formed as a byproduct of glycolysis and, under physiological circumstances, detoxified by the glyoxalase system. MGO is the major precursor of nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and DNA, subsequently leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MGO and MGO-derived AGEs can impact on organs and tissues affecting their functions and structure. In this review we summarize the formation of MGO, the detoxification of MGO by the glyoxalase system, and the biochemical pathways through which MGO is linked to the development of diabetes, vascular complications of diabetes, and other age-related diseases. Although interventions to treat MGO-associated complications are not yet available in the clinical setting, several strategies to lower MGO have been developed over the years. We will summarize several new directions to target MGO stress including glyoxalase inducers and MGO scavengers. Targeting MGO burden may provide new therapeutic applications to mitigate diseases in which MGO plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Schalkwijk
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C. D. A. Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Proietti S, Falconieri GS, Bertini L, Baccelli I, Paccosi E, Belardo A, Timperio AM, Caruso C. GLYI4 Plays A Role in Methylglyoxal Detoxification and Jasmonate-Mediated Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100635. [PMID: 31652571 PMCID: PMC6843518 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones play a central role in various physiological functions and in mediating defense responses against (a)biotic stresses. In response to primary metabolism alteration, plants can produce also small molecules such as methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic aldehyde. MG is mostly detoxified by the combined actions of the enzymes glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII) that make up the glyoxalase system. Recently, by a genome-wide association study performed in Arabidopsis, we identified GLYI4 as a novel player in the crosstalk between jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) hormone pathways. Here, we investigated the impact of GLYI4 knock-down on MG scavenging and on JA pathway. In glyI4 mutant plants, we observed a general stress phenotype, characterized by compromised MG scavenging, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stomatal closure, and reduced fitness. Accumulation of MG in glyI4 plants led to lower efficiency of the JA pathway, as highlighted by the increased susceptibility of the plants to the pathogenic fungus Plectospherella cucumerina. Moreover, MG accumulation brought about a localization of GLYI4 to the plasma membrane, while MeJA stimulus induced a translocation of the protein into the cytoplasmic compartment. Collectively, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that GLYI4 is a hub in the MG and JA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Elena Paccosi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Belardo
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Timperio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Egawa T, Ohno Y, Yokoyama S, Yokokawa T, Tsuda S, Goto K, Hayashi T. The Protective Effect of Brazilian Propolis against Glycation Stress in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Foods 2019; 8:E439. [PMID: 31557885 PMCID: PMC6836237 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effect of Brazilian propolis, a natural resinous substance produced by honeybees, against glycation stress in mouse skeletal muscles. Mice were divided into four groups: (1) Normal diet + drinking water, (2) Brazilian propolis (0.1%)-containing diet + drinking water, (3) normal diet + methylglyoxal (MGO) (0.1%)-containing drinking water, and (4) Brazilian propolis (0.1%)-containing diet + MGO (0.1%)-containing drinking water. MGO treatment for 20 weeks reduced the weight of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle and tended to be in the soleus muscle. Ingestion of Brazilian propolis showed no effect on this change in EDL muscles but tended to increase the weight of the soleus muscles regardless of MGO treatment. In EDL muscles, Brazilian propolis ingestion suppressed the accumulation of MGO-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in MGO-treated mice. The activity of glyoxalase 1 was not affected by MGO, but was enhanced by Brazilian propolis in EDL muscles. MGO treatment increased mRNA expression of inflammation-related molecules, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Brazilian propolis ingestion suppressed these increases. MGO and/or propolis exerted no effect on the accumulation of AGEs, glyoxalase 1 activity, and inflammatory responses in soleus muscles. These results suggest that Brazilian propolis exerts a protective effect against glycation stress by inhibiting the accumulation of AGEs, promoting MGO detoxification, and reducing proinflammatory responses in the skeletal muscle. However, these anti-glycation effects does not lead to prevent glycation-induced muscle mass reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
- Laboratory of Health and Exercise Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Ohno
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan.
| | - Shingo Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan.
| | - Takumi Yokokawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Tsuda
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Katsumasa Goto
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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48
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Seeling T, Haucke E, Navarrete Santos A, Grybel KJ, Gürke J, Pendzialek SM, Schindler M, Simm A, Navarrete Santos A. Glyoxalase 1 expression is downregulated in preimplantation blastocysts of diabetic rabbits. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54 Suppl 3:4-11. [PMID: 31512318 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a diabetic pregnancy, an altered maternal metabolism led to increased formation of reactive α-dicarbonyls such as glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) in the reproductive organs and embryos. The enzyme glyoxalase (GLO) 1 detoxifies reactive α-dicarbonyls thus protecting cells against malfunction or modifications of proteins by advanced glycated end products (AGEs). The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of a maternal insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD) on GLO1 expression and activity in preimplantation embryos in vivo and human trophoblast cells (Ac-1M88) in vitro. Maternal diabetes was induced in female rabbits by alloxan before conception and maintained during the preimplantation period. GLO1 expression and activity were investigated in 6-day-old blastocysts from healthy and diabetic rabbits. Furthermore, blastocysts and human trophoblast cells were exposed in vitro to hyperglycaemia, GO and MGO and analysed for GLO1 expression and activity. During gastrulation, GLO1 was expressed in all compartments of the rabbit blastocyst. Maternal diabetes decreased embryonic GLO1 protein amount by approx. 30 per cent whereas the enzymatic activity remained unchanged, indicating that the specific GLO1 activity increases along with metabolic changes. In in vitro cultured embryos, neither hyperglycaemia nor MGO and GO had an effect on GLO1 protein amount. In human trophoblast cells, a stimulating effect on the GLO1 expression was shown in the highest GO concentration, only. Our data show that maternal diabetes mellitus affects the specific activity of GLO1, indicating that GLO1 was post-translationally modified due to changes in metabolic processes in the preimplantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Seeling
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Elisa Haucke
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Navarrete Santos
- Center for Medical Basic Research, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Katarzyna J Grybel
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Gürke
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - S Mareike Pendzialek
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Maria Schindler
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Simm
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty of Martin, Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Navarrete Santos
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Dicarbonyl Stress at the Crossroads of Healthy and Unhealthy Aging. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070749. [PMID: 31331077 PMCID: PMC6678343 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicarbonyl stress occurs when dicarbonyl metabolites (i.e., methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone) accumulate as a consequence of their increased production and/or decreased detoxification. This toxic condition has been associated with metabolic and age-related diseases, both of which are characterized by a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant state. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the most reactive dicarbonyl and the one with the highest endogenous flux. It is the precursor of the major quantitative advanced glycated products (AGEs) in physiological systems, arginine-derived hydroimidazolones, which accumulate in aging and dysfunctional tissues. The aging process is characterized by a decline in the functional properties of cells, tissues and whole organs, starting from the perturbation of crucial cellular processes, including mitochondrial function, proteostasis and stress-scavenging systems. Increasing studies are corroborating the causal relationship between MGO-derived AGEs and age-related tissue dysfunction, unveiling a previously underestimated role of dicarbonyl stress in determining healthy or unhealthy aging. This review summarizes the latest evidence supporting a causal role of dicarbonyl stress in age-related diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration.
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50
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Kold-Christensen R, Jensen KK, Smedegård-Holmquist E, Sørensen LK, Hansen J, Jørgensen KA, Kristensen P, Johannsen M. ReactELISA method for quantifying methylglyoxal levels in plasma and cell cultures. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101252. [PMID: 31254735 PMCID: PMC6604041 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a toxic glycolytic by-product associated with increased levels of inflammation and oxidative stress and has been linked to ageing-related diseases, such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. As MG is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, forming both reversible and irreversible adducts with a range of endogenous nucleophiles, measuring endogenous levels of MG are quite troublesome. Furthermore, as MG is a small metabolite it is not very immunogenic, excluding conventional ELISA for detection purposes, thus only more instrumentally demanding LC-MS/MS-based methods have demonstrated convincing quantitative data. In the present work we develop a novel bifunctional MG capture probe as well as a high specificity monoclonal antibody to finally setup a robust reaction-based ELISA (ReactELISA) method for detecting the highly reactive and low-level (nM) metabolite MG in human biological specimens. The assay is tested and validated against the current golden standard LC-MS/MS method in human blood plasma and cell-culture media. Furthermore, we demonstrate the assays ability to measure small perturbations of MG levels in growth media caused by a small molecule drug buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) of current clinical relevance. Finally, the assay is converted into a homogenous (no-wash) AlphaLISA version (ReactAlphaLISA), which offers the potential for operationally simple screening of further small molecules capable of perturbing cellular MG. Such compounds could be of relevance as probes to gain insight into MG metabolism as well as drug-leads to alleviate ageing-related diseases. MG is challenging to quantify, here we present a simple and specific ReactELISA based approach and validate against LC-MS/MS. Sensitivity at low (nM) endogenous concentration in both human blood plasma and cell culture media. Impact of BSO treatment of HEK293 cells can be profiled in culture media. Potential use in cell-based phenotypic screen for small molecules modulating MG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kold-Christensen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karina Kragh Jensen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Emil Smedegård-Holmquist
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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