1
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Mach N. The forecasting power of the mucin-microbiome interplay in livestock respiratory diseases. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-18. [PMID: 38606662 PMCID: PMC11018052 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2340003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex respiratory diseases are a significant challenge for the livestock industry worldwide. These diseases considerably impact animal health and welfare and cause severe economic losses. One of the first lines of pathogen defense combines the respiratory tract mucus, a highly viscous material primarily composed of mucins, and a thriving multi-kingdom microbial ecosystem. The microbiome-mucin interplay protects from unwanted substances and organisms, but its dysfunction may enable pathogenic infections and the onset of respiratory disease. Emerging evidence also shows that noncoding regulatory RNAs might modulate the structure and function of the microbiome-mucin relationship. This opinion paper unearths the current understanding of the triangular relationship between mucins, the microbiome, and noncoding RNAs in the context of respiratory infections in animals of veterinary interest. There is a need to look at these molecular underpinnings that dictate distinct health and disease outcomes to implement effective prevention, surveillance, and timely intervention strategies tailored to the different epidemiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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2
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Harris ES, McIntire HJ, Mazur M, Schulz-Hildebrandt H, Leung HM, Tearney GJ, Krick S, Rowe SM, Barnes JW. Reduced sialylation of airway mucin impairs mucus transport by altering the biophysical properties of mucin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16568. [PMID: 39019950 PMCID: PMC11255327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucus stasis is a pathologic hallmark of muco-obstructive diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Mucins, the principal component of mucus, are extensively modified with hydroxyl (O)-linked glycans, which are largely terminated by sialic acid. Sialic acid is a negatively charged monosaccharide and contributes to the biochemical/biophysical properties of mucins. Reports suggest that mucin sialylation may be altered in CF; however, the consequences of reduced sialylation on mucus clearance have not been fully determined. Here, we investigated the consequences of reduced sialylation on the charge state and conformation of the most prominent airway mucin, MUC5B, and defined the functional consequences of reduced sialylation on mucociliary transport (MCT). Reduced sialylation contributed to a lower charged MUC5B form and decreased polymer expansion. The inhibition of total mucin sialylation de novo impaired MCT in primary human bronchial epithelial cells and rat airways, and specific α-2,3 sialylation blockade was sufficient to recapitulate these findings. Finally, we show that ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal1) expression is downregulated in CF and partially restored by correcting CFTR via Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor treatment. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of mucin sialylation in mucus clearance and identifies decreased sialylation by ST3Gal1 as a possible therapeutic target in CF and potentially other muco-obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elex S Harris
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hannah J McIntire
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marina Mazur
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - Hui Min Leung
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Jarrod W Barnes
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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3
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Stanforth KJ, Zakhour MI, Chater PI, Wilcox MD, Adamson B, Robson NA, Pearson JP. The MUC2 Gene Product: Polymerisation and Post-Secretory Organisation-Current Models. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1663. [PMID: 38932019 PMCID: PMC11207715 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MUC2 mucin, the primary gel-forming component of intestinal mucus, is well researched and a model of polymerisation and post-secretory organisation has been published previously. Recently, several significant developments have been made which either introduce new ideas or challenge previous theories. New ideas include an overhaul of the MUC2 C-terminal globular structure which is proposed to harbour several previously unobserved domains, and include a site for an extra intermolecular disulphide bridge dimer between the cysteine 4379 of adjacent MUC2 C-termini. MUC2 polymers are also now thought to be secreted attached to the epithelial surface of goblet cells in the small intestine and removed following secretion via a metalloprotease meprin β-mediated cleavage of the von Willebrand D2 domain of the N-terminus. It remains unclear whether MUC2 forms intermolecular dimers, trimers, or both, at the N-termini during polymerisation, with several articles supporting either trimer or dimer formation. The presence of a firm inner mucus layer in the small intestine is similarly unclear. Considering this recent research, this review proposes an update to the previous model of MUC2 polymerisation and secretion, considers conflicting theories and data, and highlights the importance of this research to the understanding of MUC2 mucus layers in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Stanforth
- Aelius Biotech, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.I.C.); (M.D.W.); (B.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Maria I. Zakhour
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (M.I.Z.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Peter I. Chater
- Aelius Biotech, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.I.C.); (M.D.W.); (B.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Matthew D. Wilcox
- Aelius Biotech, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.I.C.); (M.D.W.); (B.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Beth Adamson
- Aelius Biotech, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.I.C.); (M.D.W.); (B.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Niamh A. Robson
- Aelius Biotech, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.I.C.); (M.D.W.); (B.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Jeffrey P. Pearson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (M.I.Z.); (J.P.P.)
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4
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Li HY, Makatsoris C, Forbes B. Particulate bioaerogels for respiratory drug delivery. J Control Release 2024; 370:195-209. [PMID: 38641021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The bioaerogel microparticles have been recently developed for respiratory drug delivery and attract fast increasing interests. These highly porous microparticles have ultralow density and hence possess much reduced aerodynamic diameter, which favour them with greatly enhanced dispersibility and improved aerosolisation behaviour. The adjustable particle geometric dimensions by varying preparation methods and controlling operation parameters make it possible to fabricate bioaerogel microparticles with accurate sizes for efficient delivery to the targeted regions of respiratory tract (i.e. intranasal and pulmonary). Additionally, the technical process can provide bioaerogel microparticles with the opportunities of accommodating polar, weak polar and non-polar drugs at sufficient amount to satisfy clinical needs, and the adsorbed drugs are primarily in the amorphous form that potentially can facilitate drug dissolution and improve bioavailability. Finally, the nature of biopolymers can further offer additional advantageous characteristics of improved mucoadhesion, sustained drug release and subsequently elongated time for continuous treatment on-site. These fascinating features strongly support bioaerogel microparticles to become a novel platform for effective delivery of a wide range of drugs to the targeted respiratory regions, with increased drug residence time on-site, sustained drug release, constant treatment for local and systemic diseases and anticipated better-quality of therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ying Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Charalampos Makatsoris
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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5
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Harris ES, McIntire HJ, Mazur M, Schulz-Hildebrandt H, Leung HM, Tearney GJ, Krick S, Rowe SM, Barnes JW. Reduced Sialylation of Airway Mucin Impairs Mucus Transport by Altering the Biophysical Properties of Mucin. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4421613. [PMID: 38853971 PMCID: PMC11160914 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4421613/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Mucus stasis is a pathologic hallmark of muco-obstructive diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Mucins, the principal component of mucus, are extensively modified with hydroxyl (O)-linked glycans, which are largely terminated by sialic acid. Sialic acid is a negatively charged monosaccharide and contributes to the biochemical/biophysical properties of mucins. Reports suggest that mucin sialylation may be altered in CF; however, the consequences of reduced sialylation on mucus clearance have not been fully determined. Here, we investigated the consequences of reduced sialylation on the charge state and conformation of the most prominent airway mucin, MUC5B, and defined the functional consequences of reduced sialylation on mucociliary transport (MCT). Reduced sialylation contributed to a lower charged MUC5B form and decreased polymer expansion. The inhibition of total mucin sialylation de novo impaired MCT in primary human bronchial epithelial cells and rat airways, and specific α-2,3 sialylation blockade was sufficient to recapitulate these findings. Finally, we show that ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal1) expression is downregulated in CF and partially restored by correcting CFTR via Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor treatment. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of mucin sialylation in mucus clearance and identifies decreased sialylation by ST3Gal1 as a possible therapeutic target in CF and potentially other muco-obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elex S Harris
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hannah J McIntire
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marina Mazur
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefanie Krick
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jarrod W Barnes
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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6
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Bej R, Stevens CA, Nie C, Ludwig K, Degen GD, Kerkhoff Y, Pigaleva M, Adler JM, Bustos NA, Page TM, Trimpert J, Block S, Kaufer BB, Ribbeck K, Haag R. Mucus-Inspired Self-Healing Hydrogels: A Protective Barrier for Cells against Viral Infection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401745. [PMID: 38815174 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Mucus is a dynamic biological hydrogel, composed primarily of the glycoprotein mucin, exhibits unique biophysical properties and forms a barrier protecting cells against a broad-spectrum of viruses. Here, this work develops a polyglycerol sulfate-based dendronized mucin-inspired copolymer (MICP-1) with ≈10% repeating units of activated disulfide as cross-linking sites. Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) analysis of MICP-1 reveals an elongated single-chain fiber morphology. MICP-1 shows potential inhibitory activity against many viruses such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and SARS-CoV-2 (including variants such as Delta and Omicron). MICP-1 produces hydrogels with viscoelastic properties similar to healthy human sputum and with tuneable microstructures using linear and branched polyethylene glycol-thiol (PEG-thiol) as cross-linkers. Single particle tracking microrheology, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) are used to characterize the network structures. The synthesized hydrogels exhibit self-healing properties, along with viscoelastic properties that are tuneable through reduction. A transwell assay is used to investigate the hydrogel's protective properties against viral infection against HSV-1. Live-cell microscopy confirms that these hydrogels can protect underlying cells from infection by trapping the virus, due to both network morphology and anionic multivalent effects. Overall, this novel mucin-inspired copolymer generates mucus-mimetic hydrogels on a multi-gram scale. These hydrogels can be used as models for disulfide-rich airway mucus research, and as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bej
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Corey Alfred Stevens
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - George D Degen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yannic Kerkhoff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Pigaleva
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia M Adler
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole A Bustos
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Taylor M Page
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Block
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt B Kaufer
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Arenhoevel J, Schmitt AC, Kerkhoff Y, Ahmadi V, Quaas E, Ludwig K, Achazi K, Nie C, Bej R, Haag R. Mucin-Inspired Polymeric Fibers for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Inhibition. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400120. [PMID: 38801012 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mucus lines the epithelial cells at the biological interface and is the first line of defense against multiple viral infections. Mucins, the gel-forming components of mucus, are high molecular weight glycoproteins and crucial for preventing infections by binding pathogens. Consequently, mimicking mucins is a promising strategy for new synthetic virus inhibitors. In this work, synthetic mucin-inspired polymers (MIPs) as potential inhibitors of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) are investigated. By using a telechelic reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique, a new dendronized polysulfate p(G1AAm-OSO3)PDS with an amide-backbone similar to the native mucin glycoproteins is synthesized. p(G1AAm-OSO3)PDS shows mucin-like elongated fiber structure, as revealed in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) imaging, and its HSV-1 inhibition activity together with its previously reported methacrylate analogue p(G1MA-OSO3)PDS is tested. Both of the sulfated MIPs show strong HSV-1 inhibition in plaque reduction assays with IC50 values in lower nanomolar range (<3 × 10-9 m) and demonstrate a high cell compatibility (CC50 > 1.0 mg mL-1) with lower anticoagulant activity than heparin. In addition, the prophylactic and therapeutic activity of both MIPs is assessed in pre- and post-infection inhibition assays and clearly visualize their high potential for application using fluorescent microscopy imaging of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Arenhoevel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Schmitt
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yannic Kerkhoff
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Quaas
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raju Bej
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Tomris I, Kimpel A, Liang R, van der Woude R, Boons GJ, Li Z, de Vries RP. The HCoV-HKU1 N-terminal domain binds a wide range of 9- O-acetylated sialic acids presented on different glycan cores. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595699. [PMID: 38826377 PMCID: PMC11142222 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses recognize a wide array of protein and glycan receptors using the S1 subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein. The S1 subunit contains two functional domains: the N-terminal (S1-NTD) and C-terminal (S1-CTD). The S1-NTD of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-HKU1 possess an evolutionarily conserved glycan binding cleft that facilitates weak interactions with sialic acids on cell surfaces. HCoV-HKU1 employs 9-O-acetylated α2-8-linked disialylated structures for initial binding, followed by TMPRSS2 receptor binding and virus-cell fusion. Here, we demonstrate that HCoV-HKU1 NTD has a broader receptor binding repertoire than previously recognized. We presented HCoV-HKU1 NTD Fc chimeras on a nanoparticle system to mimic the densely decorated surface of HCoV-HKU1. These proteins were expressed by HEK293S GNTI- cells, generating species carrying Man-5 structures, often observed near the receptor binding site of CoVs. This multivalent presentation of high-mannose-containing NTD proteins revealed a much broader receptor binding profile compared to its fully glycosylated counterpart. Using glycan microarrays, we observed that 9-O-acetylated α2-3 linked sialylated LacNAc structures are also bound, comparable to OC43 NTD, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding modality. Further characterization of receptor specificity indicated promiscuous binding towards 9-O-acetylated sialoglycans, independent of the glycan core (glycolipids, N- or O-glycans). We demonstrate that HCoV-HKU1 may employ additional sialoglycan receptors to trigger conformational changes in the spike glycoprotein to expose the S1-CTD for proteinaceous receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhan Tomris
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Kimpel
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruonan Liang
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roosmarijn van der Woude
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Zeshi Li
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Wang BH, Tang LL, Sun XH, Zhang Q, Liu CY, Zhang XN, Yu KY, Yang Y, Hu J, Shi XL, Wang Y, Liu L. Qufeng Xuanbi Formula inhibited benzo[a]pyrene-induced aggravated asthma airway mucus secretion by AhR/ROS/ERK pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117203. [PMID: 37734473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Excessive secretion of airway mucus may be an important pathological factor of air pollution-induced acute asthma attacks. Treatment of airway mucus hypersecretion improves asthma aggravated by air pollutants. Qufeng Xuanbi Formula (QFXBF) has been used to treat asthma for more than 30 years. However, whether QFXBF inhibits asthmatic mucus secretion exacerbated by air pollutants has not yet been established. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the effect of QFXBF on airway mucus secretion and the mechanism of action in an air pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced mouse model of aggravated asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA) and BaP co-exposure were used to establish the aggravated asthma model. The average enhanced pause (Penh), serum OVA-specific IgE, and changes in lung histopathology were determined. 16HBE cells exposed to BaP, treatment with QFXBF, arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signal antagonist SR1, reactive oxygen species (ROS) antagonist NAC, or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signal antagonist U0126 were established to investigate the effect of QFXBF on BaP-induced mucus secretion and its target. The mRNA and protein expression levels of MUC5AC in the lung tissue and 16HBE cells were examined. We also studied the effect of QFXBF on ROS production. Finally, the protein expression of AhR, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK1/2), and ERK1/2 in 16HBE cells and lung tissues was determined by western blotting. RESULTS Administration of QFXBF significantly alleviated the pathological symptoms, including Penh, serum OVA-specific IgE, and changes in lung histopathology in a BaP-induced mouse model of aggravated asthma. QFXBF inhibited MUC5AC expression in asthmatic mice and 16HBE cells exposed to BaP. ROS production, AhR expression, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were significantly increased in BaP-induced asthmatic mice and 16HBE cells. Signaling pathway inhibitors StemRegenin 1 (SR1), NAC, and U0126 significantly inhibitedBaP-induced MUC5AC expression in 16HBE cells. SR1 reversed Bap-induced ROS production and ERK activation, and NAC inhibited Bap-induced ERK activation. In addition, QFXBF regulated AhR signaling, inhibited ROS production, reversed ERK activation, and downregulated mucus secretion to improve asthma aggravated by air pollutant BaP. CONCLUSIONS QFXBF can ameliorate mucus secretion in BaP-induced aggravated asthmatic mice and 16HBE cells, and the specific mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the AhR/ROS/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/ Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xian-Hong Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/ Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Na Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/ Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke-Yao Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/ Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/ Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Hu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina & College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/ Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/ Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
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10
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Zhang M, Lu H, Xie L, Liu X, Cun D, Yang M. Inhaled RNA drugs to treat lung diseases: Disease-related cells and nano-bio interactions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115144. [PMID: 37995899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, RNA-based therapies have gained much attention as biomedicines due to their remarkable therapeutic effects with high specificity and potency. Lung diseases offer a variety of currently undruggable but attractive targets that could potentially be treated with RNA drugs. Inhaled RNA drugs for the treatment of lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, have attracted more and more attention. A variety of novel nanoformulations have been designed and attempted for the delivery of RNA drugs to the lung via inhalation. However, the delivery of RNA drugs via inhalation poses several challenges. It includes protection of the stability of RNA molecules, overcoming biological barriers such as mucus and cell membrane to the delivery of RNA molecules to the targeted cytoplasm, escaping endosomal entrapment, and circumventing unwanted immune response etc. To address these challenges, ongoing researches focus on developing innovative nanoparticles to enhance the stability of RNA molecules, improve cellular targeting, enhance cellular uptake and endosomal escape to achieve precise delivery of RNA drugs to the intended lung cells while avoiding unwanted nano-bio interactions and off-target effects. The present review first addresses the pathologic hallmarks of different lung diseases, disease-related cell types in the lung, and promising therapeutic targets in these lung cells. Subsequently we highlight the importance of the nano-bio interactions in the lung that need to be addressed to realize disease-related cell-specific delivery of inhaled RNA drugs. This is followed by a review on the physical and chemical characteristics of inhaled nanoformulations that influence the nano-bio interactions with a focus on surface functionalization. Finally, the challenges in the development of inhaled nanomedicines and some key aspects that need to be considered in the development of future inhaled RNA drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Haoyu Lu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Liangkun Xie
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Xulu Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China.
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Earle K, Valero C, Conn DP, Vere G, Cook PC, Bromley MJ, Bowyer P, Gago S. Pathogenicity and virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus. Virulence 2023; 14:2172264. [PMID: 36752587 PMCID: PMC10732619 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2172264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infections caused by the mould pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Compromised lung defences arising from immunosuppression, chronic respiratory conditions or more recently, concomitant viral or bacterial pulmonary infections are recognised risks factors for the development of pulmonary aspergillosis. In this review, we will summarise our current knowledge of the mechanistic basis of pulmonary aspergillosis with a focus on emerging at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Earle
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Clara Valero
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel P. Conn
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - George Vere
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Peter C. Cook
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael J. Bromley
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Bowyer
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Gago
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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12
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Vasquez PA, Walker B, Bloom K, Kolbin D, Caughman N, Freeman R, Lysy M, Hult C, Newhall KA, Papanikolas M, Edelmaier C, Forest MG. The power of weak, transient interactions across biology: A paradigm of emergent behavior. PHYSICA D. NONLINEAR PHENOMENA 2023; 454:133866. [PMID: 38274029 PMCID: PMC10806540 DOI: 10.1016/j.physd.2023.133866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A growing list of diverse biological systems and their equally diverse functionalities provides realizations of a paradigm of emergent behavior. In each of these biological systems, pervasive ensembles of weak, short-lived, spatially local interactions act autonomously to convey functionalities at larger spatial and temporal scales. In this article, a range of diverse systems and functionalities are presented in a cursory manner with literature citations for further details. Then two systems and their properties are discussed in more detail: yeast chromosome biology and human respiratory mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Vasquez
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ben Walker
- Department of Mathematics, University of California at Irvine, United States of America
| | - Kerry Bloom
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Daniel Kolbin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Neall Caughman
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Ronit Freeman
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Martin Lysy
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Caitlin Hult
- Department of Mathematics, Gettysburg College, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Newhall
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Micah Papanikolas
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Christopher Edelmaier
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, United States of America
| | - M. Gregory Forest
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
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13
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Harris ES, Novak L, Fernandez-Petty CM, Lindgren NR, Baker SM, Birket SE, Rowe SM. SNSP113 (PAAG) improves mucociliary transport and lung pathology in the Scnn1b-Tg murine model of CF lung disease. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:1104-1112. [PMID: 37714777 PMCID: PMC10843010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucus stasis, a hallmark of muco-obstructive disease, results from impaired mucociliary transport and leads to lung function decline and chronic infection. Although therapeutics that target mucus stasis in the airway, such as hypertonic saline or rhDNAse, show some therapeutic benefit, they do not address the underlying electrostatic defect apparent in mucins in CF and related conditions. We have previously shown poly (acetyl, arginyl) glucosamine (PAAG, developed as SNSP113), a soluble, cationic polymer, significantly improves mucociliary transport in a rat model of CF by normalizing the charge defects of CF mucin. Here, we report efficacy in the CFTR-sufficient, ENaC hyperactive, Scnn1b-Tg mouse model that develops airway muco-obstruction due to sodium hyperabsorption and airway dehydration. METHODS Scnn1b-Tg mice were treated with either 250 µg/mL SNSP113 or vehicle control (1.38% glycerol in PBS) via nebulization once daily for 7 days and then euthanized for analysis. Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography-based evaluation of excised mouse trachea was used to determine the effect on the functional microanatomy. Tissue analysis was performed by routine histopathology. RESULTS Nebulized treatment of SNSP113 significantly improved mucociliary transport in the airways of Scnn1b-Tg mice, without altering the airway surface or periciliary liquid layer. In addition, SNSP113 significantly reversed epithelial hypertrophy and goblet cell metaplasia. Finally, SNSP113 significantly ameliorated eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia and lung consolidation in addition to inflammatory macrophage influx in this model. CONCLUSION Overall, this study extends the efficacy of SNSP113 as a potential therapeutic to alleviate mucus stasis in muco-obstructive diseases in CF and potentially in related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elex S Harris
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lea Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Courtney M Fernandez-Petty
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Natalie R Lindgren
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Susan E Birket
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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14
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Harris E, Easter M, Ren J, Krick S, Barnes J, Rowe SM. An ex vivo rat trachea model reveals abnormal airway physiology and a gland secretion defect in cystic fibrosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293367. [PMID: 37874846 PMCID: PMC10597513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease hallmarked by aberrant ion transport that results in delayed mucus clearance, chronic infection, and progressive lung function decline. Several animal models have been developed to study the airway anatomy and mucus physiology in CF, but they are costly and difficult to maintain, making them less accessible for many applications. A more available CFTR-/- rat model has been developed and characterized to develop CF airway abnormalities, but consistent dosing of pharmacologic agents and longitudinal evaluation remain a challenge. In this study, we report the development and characterization of a novel ex vivo trachea model that utilizes both wild type (WT) and CFTR-/- rat tracheae cultured on a porcine gelatin matrix. Here we show that the ex vivo tracheae remain viable for weeks, maintain a CF disease phenotype that can be readily quantified, and respond to stimulation of mucus and fluid secretion by cholinergic stimulation. Furthermore, we show that ex vivo tracheae may be used for well-controlled pharmacological treatments, which are difficult to perform on freshly excised trachea or in vivo models with this degree of scrutiny. With improved interrogation possible with a durable trachea, we also established firm evidence of a gland secretion defect in CFTR-/- rat tracheae compared to WT controls. Finally, we demonstrate that the ex vivo tracheae can be used to generate high mucus protein yields for subsequent studies, which are currently limited by in vivo mucus collection techniques. Overall, this study suggests that the ex vivo trachea model is an effective, easy to set up culture model to study airway and mucus physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elex Harris
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Molly Easter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Janna Ren
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jarrod Barnes
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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15
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Agac A, Kolbe SM, Ludlow M, Osterhaus ADME, Meineke R, Rimmelzwaan GF. Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1999. [PMID: 37896776 PMCID: PMC10611157 DOI: 10.3390/v15101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a constant public health problem, especially in infants and older adults. Virtually all children will have been infected with RSV by the age of two, and reinfections are common throughout life. Since antigenic variation, which is frequently observed among other respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza viruses, can only be observed for RSV to a limited extent, reinfections may result from short-term or incomplete immunity. After decades of research, two RSV vaccines were approved to prevent lower respiratory tract infections in older adults. Recently, the FDA approved a vaccine for active vaccination of pregnant women to prevent severe RSV disease in infants during their first RSV season. This review focuses on the host response to RSV infections mediated by epithelial cells as the first physical barrier, followed by responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems. We address possible RSV-mediated immunomodulatory and pathogenic mechanisms during infections and discuss the current vaccine candidates and alternative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (A.A.); (S.M.K.); (M.L.); (A.D.M.E.O.); (R.M.)
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16
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Dufrusine B, Di Lisio C, Maurizio A, Sallese M, De Laurenzi V, Dainese E. Influence of food emulsifiers on cellular function and inflammation, a preliminary study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1197686. [PMID: 37599692 PMCID: PMC10434242 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1197686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Emulsifiers are extensively used as food additives and their consumption is increasing in Western countries. However, so far only few studies examined their potential effects on intestinal cellular functions and gut inflammation. The aim of this preliminary analysis was to study the emulsifiers and their concentrations capable of causing cellular damage compared to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). We tested two commonly used emulsifiers (EMI, EMII) and EVOO on Caco-2 cells, derived from a colon carcinoma and widely used as a model of the intestinal inflammation. The diphenyltetrazolium bromide test MTT and clonogenic assay were used to study the effect of emulsifiers on cell viability. Cell migration was determined by the wound-healing assay. The inflammation was studied by measuring the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), multifunctional cytokines with a major role in the acute-phase response. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of conditioned media of Caco-2 cells treated with EMs on macrophages activation. In conclusion, our preliminary data provide evidence that EMs increase the proliferation and migration rate of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, Caco-2 cells treated with EMs enhance the IL-6 and CCL2 release and activated macrophages, supporting their role as proinflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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17
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Chatterjee M, Huang LZX, Mykytyn AZ, Wang C, Lamers MM, Westendorp B, Wubbolts RW, van Putten JPM, Bosch BJ, Haagmans BL, Strijbis K. Glycosylated extracellular mucin domains protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection at the respiratory surface. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011571. [PMID: 37561789 PMCID: PMC10464970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucins play an essential role in protecting the respiratory tract against microbial infections while also acting as binding sites for bacterial and viral adhesins. The heavily O-glycosylated gel-forming mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B eliminate pathogens by mucociliary clearance. Transmembrane mucins MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16 can restrict microbial invasion at the apical surface of the epithelium. In this study, we determined the impact of host mucins and mucin glycans on epithelial entry of SARS-CoV-2. Human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells express the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 and high levels of glycosylated MUC1, but not MUC4 and MUC16, on their cell surface. The O-glycan-specific mucinase StcE specifically removed the glycosylated part of the MUC1 extracellular domain while leaving the underlying SEA domain and cytoplasmic tail intact. StcE treatment of Calu-3 cells significantly enhanced infection with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and authentic virus, while removal of terminal mucin glycans sialic acid and fucose from the epithelial surface did not impact viral entry. In Calu-3 cells, the transmembrane mucin MUC1 and ACE2 are located to the apical surface in close proximity and StcE treatment results in enhanced binding of purified spike protein. Both MUC1 and MUC16 are expressed on the surface of human organoid-derived air-liquid interface (ALI) differentiated airway cultures and StcE treatment led to mucin removal and increased levels of SARS-CoV-2 replication. In these cultures, MUC1 was highly expressed in non-ciliated cells while MUC16 was enriched in goblet cells. In conclusion, the glycosylated extracellular domains of different transmembrane mucins might have similar protective functions in different respiratory cell types by restricting SARS-CoV-2 binding and entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitrayee Chatterjee
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liane Z. X. Huang
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Z. Mykytyn
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mart M. Lamers
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Westendorp
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos P. M. van Putten
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Berend-Jan Bosch
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart L. Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Strijbis
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Kumar P, Tamayo J, Shiu RF, Chin WC, Gopinath A. Size-Dependent Diffusion and Dispersion of Particles in Mucin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3241. [PMID: 37571134 PMCID: PMC10422640 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus, composed significantly of glycosylated mucins, is a soft and rheologically complex material that lines respiratory, reproductive, and gastrointestinal tracts in mammals. Mucus may present as a gel, as a highly viscous fluid, or as a viscoelastic fluid. Mucus acts as a barrier to the transport of harmful microbes and inhaled atmospheric pollutants to underlying cellular tissue. Studies on mucin gels have provided critical insights into the chemistry of the gels, their swelling kinetics, and the diffusion and permeability of molecular constituents such as water. The transport and dispersion of micron and sub-micron particles in mucin gels and solutions, however, differs from the motion of small molecules since the much larger tracers may interact with microstructure of the mucin network. Here, using brightfield and fluorescence microscopy, high-speed particle tracking, and passive microrheology, we study the thermally driven stochastic movement of 0.5-5.0 μm tracer particles in 10% mucin solutions at neutral pH, and in 10% mucin mixed with industrially relevant dust; specifically, unmodified limestone rock dust, modified limestone, and crystalline silica. Particle trajectories are used to calculate mean square displacements and the displacement probability distributions; these are then used to assess tracer diffusion and transport. Complex moduli are concomitantly extracted using established microrheology techniques. We find that under the conditions analyzed, the reconstituted mucin behaves as a weak viscoelastic fluid rather than as a viscoelastic gel. For small- to moderately sized tracers with a diameter of lessthan 2 μm, we find that effective diffusion coefficients follow the classical Stokes-Einstein relationship. Tracer diffusivity in dust-laden mucin is surprisingly larger than in bare mucin. Probability distributions of mean squared displacements suggest that heterogeneity, transient trapping, and electrostatic interactions impact dispersion and overall transport, especially for larger tracers. Our results motivate further exploration of physiochemical and rheological mechanisms mediating particle transport in mucin solutions and gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA; (P.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Joshua Tamayo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA; (P.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Ruei-Feng Shiu
- Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA; (P.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Arvind Gopinath
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA; (P.K.); (J.T.)
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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19
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Tian E, Syed ZA, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Ten Hagen KG. Dynamic expression of mucins and the genes controlling mucin-type O-glycosylation within the mouse respiratory system. Glycobiology 2023; 33:476-489. [PMID: 37115803 PMCID: PMC10284109 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic has underscored the need to understand how viruses and other pathogens are able to infect and replicate within the respiratory system. Recent studies have highlighted the role of highly O-glycosylated mucins in the protection of the respiratory system as well as how mucin-type O-glycosylation may be able to modify viral infectivity. Therefore, we set out to identify the specific genes controlling mucin-type O-glycosylation throughout the mouse respiratory system as well as determine how their expression and the expression of respiratory mucins is influenced by infection or injury. Here, we show that certain mucins and members of the Galnt family are abundantly expressed in specific respiratory tissues/cells and demonstrate unique patterns of O-glycosylation across diverse respiratory tissues. Moreover, we find that the expression of certain Galnts and mucins is altered during lung infection and injury in experimental mice challenged with infectious agents, toxins, and allergens. Finally, we examine gene expression changes of Galnts and mucins in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our work provides foundational knowledge regarding the specific expression of Galnt enzyme family members and mucins throughout the respiratory system, and how their expression is altered upon lung infection and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tian
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA
| | - Zulfeqhar A Syed
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27514, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA
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20
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity mediates protective responses to helminths and pathological responses to allergens, but it also has broad roles in the maintenance of tissue integrity, including wound repair. Type 2 cytokines are known to promote fibrosis, an overzealous repair response, but their contribution to healthy wound repair is less well understood. This review discusses the evidence that the canonical type 2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, are integral to the tissue repair process through two main pathways. First, essential for the progression of effective tissue repair, IL-4 and IL-13 suppress the initial inflammatory response to injury. Second, these cytokines regulate how the extracellular matrix is modified, broken down, and rebuilt for effective repair. IL-4 and/or IL-13 amplifies multiple aspects of the tissue repair response, but many of these pathways are highly redundant and can be induced by other signals. Therefore, the exact contribution of IL-4Rα signaling remains difficult to unravel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation and Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
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21
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Albano GD, Longo V, Montalbano AM, Aloi N, Barone R, Cibella F, Profita M, Paolo C. Extracellular vesicles from PBDE-47 treated M(LPS) THP-1 macrophages modulate the expression of markers of epithelial integrity, EMT, inflammation and muco-secretion in ALI culture of airway epithelium. Life Sci 2023; 322:121616. [PMID: 36958434 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The lung epithelial cells form a physical barrier to the external environment acting as the first line of defence against potentially harmful environmental stimuli. These cells interact with several other cellular components, of which macrophages are some of the most relevant. We analysed the effects of the PBDE-47 on the microRNA cargo of THP-1 macrophage like derived small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) and the effects on A549 lung epithelial cells. MAIN METHODS sEVs from M(LPS) THP-1 macrophage-like cells after PBDE-47 treatment (sEVsPBDE+LPS) were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and their microRNA cargo studied by qPCR. Confocal microscopy was applied to study sEVs cellular uptake by A549 cells. The expression of tight junctions (TJs), adhesion molecules, inflammation markers and mucus production in A549 cultured in air liquid interface (ALI) conditions were studied by Real Time PCR and confocal microscopy. KEY FINDINGS sEVsPBDE+LPS microRNA cargo analysis showed that the PBDE-47 modulated the expression of the miR-15a-5p, miR29a-3p, miR-143-3p and miR-122-5p. Furthermore, ALI cultured A549 cells incubated with sEVsPBDE+LPS showed that zonula occludens-1 (p ≤ 0.04), claudin (p ≤ 0.02), E-cadherin (p ≤ 0.006) and Vimentin (p ≤ 0.0008) mRNAs were increased in A549 cells after sEVsPBDE+LPS treatment. Indeed, Interleukin (IL)-8 (p ≤ 0.008) and mucin (MUC5AC and MUC5B) (p ≤ 0.03 and p ≤ 0.0001) mRNA expression were up- and down-regulated, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE PBDE-47 treated macrophages secrete sEVs with altered microRNA cargo that affect the mRNA expression of TJs, adhesion molecules, cytokines and EMT markers damaging the normal function of the lung epithelium, potentially contributing to the development of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (IFT-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (IFT-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Noemi Aloi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (IFT-CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Colombo Paolo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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Bossen J, Prange R, Kühle JP, Künzel S, Niu X, Hammel JU, Krieger L, Knop M, Ehrhardt B, Uliczka K, Krauss-Etschmann S, Roeder T. Adult and Larval Tracheal Systems Exhibit Different Molecular Architectures in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065628. [PMID: 36982710 PMCID: PMC10052349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowing the molecular makeup of an organ system is required for its in-depth understanding. We analyzed the molecular repertoire of the adult tracheal system of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster using transcriptome studies to advance our knowledge of the adult insect tracheal system. Comparing this to the larval tracheal system revealed several major differences that likely influence organ function. During the transition from larval to adult tracheal system, a shift in the expression of genes responsible for the formation of cuticular structure occurs. This change in transcript composition manifests in the physical properties of cuticular structures of the adult trachea. Enhanced tonic activation of the immune system is observed in the adult trachea, which encompasses the increased expression of antimicrobial peptides. In addition, modulatory processes are conspicuous, in this case mainly by the increased expression of G protein-coupled receptors in the adult trachea. Finally, all components of a peripheral circadian clock are present in the adult tracheal system, which is not the case in the larval tracheal system. Comparative analysis of driver lines targeting the adult tracheal system revealed that even the canonical tracheal driver line breathless (btl)-Gal4 is not able to target all parts of the adult tracheal system. Here, we have uncovered a specific transcriptome pattern of the adult tracheal system and provide this dataset as a basis for further analyses of the adult insect tracheal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Bossen
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- German Lung Center (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruben Prange
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Philip Kühle
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Künzel
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Xiao Niu
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg U. Hammel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Materials Physics, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Laura Krieger
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirjam Knop
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Birte Ehrhardt
- Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Early Life Origins of CLD, 23485 Borstel, Germany
| | - Karin Uliczka
- Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Early Life Origins of CLD, 23485 Borstel, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- German Lung Center (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Early Life Origins of CLD, 23485 Borstel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- German Lung Center (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-880-81
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23
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Maishan M, Sarma A, Chun LF, Caldera S, Fang X, Abbott J, Christenson SA, Langelier CR, Calfee CS, Gotts JE, Matthay MA. Aerosolized nicotine from e-cigarettes alters gene expression, increases lung protein permeability, and impairs viral clearance in murine influenza infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1076772. [PMID: 36999019 PMCID: PMC10043316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1076772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarette use has rapidly increased as an alternative means of nicotine delivery by heated aerosolization. Recent studies demonstrate nicotine-containing e-cigarette aerosols can have immunosuppressive and pro-inflammatory effects, but it remains unclear how e-cigarettes and the constituents of e-liquids may impact acute lung injury and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by viral pneumonia. Therefore, in these studies, mice were exposed one hour per day over nine consecutive days to aerosol generated by the clinically-relevant tank-style Aspire Nautilus aerosolizing e-liquid containing a mixture of vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol (VG/PG) with or without nicotine. Exposure to the nicotine-containing aerosol resulted in clinically-relevant levels of plasma cotinine, a nicotine-derived metabolite, and an increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, CXCL1, and MCP-1 in the distal airspaces. Following the e-cigarette exposure, mice were intranasally inoculated with influenza A virus (H1N1 PR8 strain). Exposure to aerosols generated from VG/PG with and without nicotine caused greater influenza-induced production in the distal airspaces of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and MCP-1 at 7 days post inoculation (dpi). Compared to the aerosolized carrier VG/PG, in mice exposed to aerosolized nicotine there was a significantly lower amount of Mucin 5 subtype AC (MUC5AC) in the distal airspaces and significantly higher lung permeability to protein and viral load in lungs at 7 dpi with influenza. Additionally, nicotine caused relative downregulation of genes associated with ciliary function and fluid clearance and an increased expression of pro-inflammatory pathways at 7 dpi. These results show that (1) the e-liquid carrier VG/PG increases the pro-inflammatory immune responses to viral pneumonia and that (2) nicotine in an e-cigarette aerosol alters the transcriptomic response to pathogens, blunts host defense mechanisms, increases lung barrier permeability, and reduces viral clearance during influenza infection. In conclusion, acute exposure to aerosolized nicotine can impair clearance of viral infection and exacerbate lung injury, findings that have implications for the regulation of e-cigarette products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazharul Maishan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Aartik Sarma
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lauren F. Chun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Xiaohui Fang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jason Abbott
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Charles R. Langelier
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Gotts
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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24
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Tang L, Zhang X, Xu Y, Liu L, Sun X, Wang B, Yu K, Zhang H, Zhao X, Wang X. BMAL1 regulates MUC1 overexpression in ovalbumin-induced asthma. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:77-84. [PMID: 36906987 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Asthma often presents with a daily rhythm; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Circadian rhythm genes have been proposed to regulate inflammation and mucin expression. Here, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice and serum shock human bronchial epidermal cells (16HBE) were used in in vivo and in vitro models, respectively. We constructed a brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) knockdown 16HBE cell line to analyze the effects of rhythmic fluctuations on mucin expression. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and circadian rhythm genes in asthmatic mice showed rhythmic fluctuation amplitude. Mucin (MUC) 1 and MUC5AC expression was increased in the lung tissue of the asthmatic mice. MUC1 expression was negatively correlated with that of the circadian rhythm genes, particularly BMAL1 (r = -0.546, P = 0.006). There was also a negative correlation between BMAL1 and MUC1 expression (r = -0.507, P = 0.002) in the serum shock 16HBE cells. BMAL1 knockdown negated the rhythmic fluctuation amplitude of MUC1 expression and upregulated MUC1 expression in the 16HBE cells. These results indicate that the key circadian rhythm gene, BMAL1, causes periodic changes in airway MUC1 expression in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Targeting BMAL1 to regulate periodic changes in MUC1 expression may, therefore, improve asthma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Yanqiu Xu
- Nanjing Jiangning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Central Lab, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xianhong Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Keyao Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Xiongbiao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
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25
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Zheng Y, Fan J, Jiang X. The role of ferroptosis-related genes in airway epithelial cells of asthmatic patients based on bioinformatics. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33119. [PMID: 36862916 PMCID: PMC9981416 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that airway epithelial cells and ferroptosis have certain effect on asthma. However, the action mechanism of ferroptosis-related genes in airway epithelial cells of asthmatic patients is still unclear. Firstly, the study downloaded the GSE43696 training set, GSE63142 validation set and GSE164119 (miRNA) dataset from the gene expression omnibus database. 342 ferroptosis-related genes were downloaded from the ferroptosis database. Moreover, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between asthma and control samples in the GSE43696 dataset were screened by differential analysis. Consensus clustering analysis was performed on asthma patients to classify clusters, and differential analysis was performed on clusters to obtain inter-cluster DEGs. Asthma-related module was screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Then, DEGs between asthma and control samples, inter-cluster DEGs and asthma-related module were subjected to venn analysis for obtaining candidate genes. The last absolute shrinkage and selection operator and support vector machines were respectively applied to the candidate genes to screen for feature genes, and functional enrichment analysis was performed. Finally, a competition endogenetic RNA network was constructed and drug sensitivity analysis was conducted. There were 438 DEGs (183 up-regulated and 255 down-regulated) between asthma and control samples. 359 inter-cluster DEGs (158 up-regulated and 201 down-regulated) were obtained by screening. Then, the black module was significantly and strongly correlated with asthma. The venn analysis yielded 88 candidate genes. 9 feature genes (NAV3, ITGA10, SYT4, NOX1, SNTG2, RNF182, UPK1B, POSTN, SHISA2) were screened and they were involved in proteasome, dopaminergic synapse etc. Besides, 4 mRNAs, 5 miRNAs, and 2 lncRNAs collectively formed competition endogenetic RNA regulatory network, which included RNF182-hsa-miR-455-3p-LINC00319 and so on. The predicted therapeutic drug network map contained NAV3-bisphenol A and other relationship pairs. The study investigated the potential molecular mechanisms of NAV3, ITGA10, SYT4, NOX1, SNTG2, RNF182, UPK1B, POSTN, SHISA2 in airway epithelial cells of asthmatic patients through bioinformatics analysis, providing a reference for the research of asthma and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyao Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Jiang, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 766, Xiangan North Street, Harbin 150028, China (e-mail )
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26
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Ehre C, Hansson GC, Thornton DJ, Ostedgaard LS. Mucus aberrant properties in CF: Insights from cells and animal models. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22 Suppl 1:S23-S26. [PMID: 36117114 PMCID: PMC10018425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal genetic disorder caused by the dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, is characterized by mucus accumulation in the lungs, the intestinal tract, and the pancreatic ducts. Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins that govern the biochemical and biophysical properties of mucus. In the CF lung, increased mucus viscoelasticity is associated with decreased mucociliary clearance and defects in host defense mechanisms. The link between defective ion channel and abnormal mucus properties has been investigated in studies involving cell and animal models. In this review article, we discuss recent progress toward understanding the different regions and cells that express CFTR in the airways and how mucus is produced and cleared from the lungs. In addition, we reflect on animal models that provided insights into the organization and the role of the mucin network and how mucus and antimicrobial activities act in concert to protect the lungs from invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ehre
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Pediatrics, Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David J Thornton
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lynda S Ostedgaard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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27
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Wang Z, Lin D, Zhao Y, Liu H, Yang T, Li A. MiR-214 Expression Is Elevated in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Mucosa and Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Responses in Undifferentiated Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Culture. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023:19458924231152683. [PMID: 36797977 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231152683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disorder of the upper airways. MicroRNAs (miRs) are reported to regulate several diverse physiological and pathological processes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of miR-214 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation, and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression in human nasal epithelial cells. METHODS The expression of miR-214 was detected in CRS with polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without polyps (CRSsNP) tissues. Cells were treated with LPS and a miR-214 inhibitor. The level of miR-214 was detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR). The inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF, and IL-1β) and MUC5AC production were determined by qRT-PCR and ELISA. MUC5AC protein level was detected using western blot. Similarly, we determined the relationship between miR-214 and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) using the Dual luciferase activity assay. RESULTS miR-214 was increased in CRSwNP and CRSsNP tissues. LPS triggered the expression of miR-214, while miR-214 inhibition diminished the level of miR-214. MiR-214 inhibition prevented LPS-mediated the production of inflammatory cytokines. LPS treatment augmented MUC5AC mRNA, protein levels, and secretion, whereas miR-214 loss inhibited MUC5AC production in the presence of LPS. SIRT1 is a direct target of miR-214. Impairing SIRT1 by siRNA (siSIRT1) or EX527 (a selective SIRT1 inhibitor) reversed the effects of miR-214 inhibitor on inflammation and MUC5AC expression. Furthermore, miR-214 depression inhibited the STAT3/GDF15 pathway via targeting SIRT1. Upregulation of STAT3 or GDF15 partly abolished the anti-inflammatory roles of miR-214 inhibitor. CONCLUSION Taken together, miR-214 regulates LPS-mediated inflammation and MUC5AC expression via targeting SIRT1, and STAT3/GDF15 may involve in the regulation of miR-214 inhibitor on inflammation and MUC5AC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Quality Control, Shaanxi Geological and Mineral Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - An Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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28
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Tauwald SM, Michel J, Brandt M, Vielsmeier V, Stemmer C, Krenkel L. Experimental studies and mathematical modeling of the viscoelastic rheology of tracheobronchial mucus from respiratory healthy patients. Multidiscip Respir Med 2023; 18:923. [PMID: 37908973 PMCID: PMC10615166 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2023.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tracheobronchial mucus plays a crucial role in pulmonary function by providing protection against inhaled pathogens. Due to its composition of water, mucins, and other biomolecules, it has a complex viscoelastic rheological behavior. This interplay of both viscous and elastic properties has not been fully described yet. In this study, we characterize the rheology of human mucus using oscillatory and transient tests. Based on the transient tests, we describe the material behavior of mucus under stress and strain loading by mathematical models. Methods Mucus samples were collected from clinically used endotracheal tubes. For rheological characterization, oscillatory amplitude-sweep and frequency-sweep tests, and transient creep-recovery and stress-relaxation tests were performed. The results of the transient test were approximated using the Burgers model, the Weibull distribution, and the six-element Maxwell model. The three-dimensional microstructure of the tracheobronchial mucus was visualized using scanning electron microscope imaging. Results Amplitude-sweep tests showed storage moduli ranging from 0.1 Pa to 10,000 Pa and a median critical strain of 4%. In frequency-sweep tests, storage and loss moduli increased with frequency, with the median of the storage modulus ranging from 10 Pa to 30 Pa, and the median of the loss modulus from 5 Pa to 14 Pa. The Burgers model approximates the viscoelastic behavior of tracheobronchial mucus during a constant load of stress appropriately (R2 of 0.99), and the Weibull distribution is suitable to predict the recovery of the sample after the removal of this stress (R2 of 0.99). The approximation of the stress-relaxation test data by a six-element Maxwell model shows a larger fit error (R2 of 0.91). Conclusions This study provides a detailed description of all process steps of characterizing the rheology of tracheobronchial mucus, including sample collection, microstructure visualization, and rheological investigation. Based on this characterization, we provide mathematical models of the rheological behavior of tracheobronchial mucus. These can now be used to simulate mucus flow in the respiratory system through numerical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Melina Tauwald
- Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Biofluid Mechanics, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Regensburg
| | - Johanna Michel
- Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Biofluid Mechanics, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Regensburg
| | - Marie Brandt
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Veronika Vielsmeier
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Christian Stemmer
- Chair of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Krenkel
- Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Biofluid Mechanics, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Regensburg
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29
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Zhang Z, Dong M, Zallot R, Blackburn GM, Wang N, Wang C, Chen L, Baumann P, Wu Z, Wang Z, Fan H, Roth C, Jin Y, He Y. Mechanistic and Structural Insights into the Specificity and Biological Functions of Bacterial Sulfoglycosidases. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Mochen Dong
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Rémi Zallot
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - George Michael Blackburn
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Nini Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Wang
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Patrick Baumann
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Zuyan Wu
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Christian Roth
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, German
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
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30
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Matsubayashi Y. Dynamic movement and turnover of extracellular matrices during tissue development and maintenance. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:248-274. [PMID: 35856387 PMCID: PMC9302511 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2076539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are essential for the architecture and function of animal tissues. ECMs have been thought to be highly stable structures; however, too much stability of ECMs would hamper tissue remodelling required for organ development and maintenance. Regarding this conundrum, this article reviews multiple lines of evidence that ECMs are in fact rapidly moving and replacing components in diverse organisms including hydra, worms, flies, and vertebrates. Also discussed are how cells behave on/in such dynamic ECMs, how ECM dynamics contributes to embryogenesis and adult tissue homoeostasis, and what molecular mechanisms exist behind the dynamics. In addition, it is highlighted how cutting-edge technologies such as genome engineering, live imaging, and mathematical modelling have contributed to reveal the previously invisible dynamics of ECMs. The idea that ECMs are unchanging is to be changed, and ECM dynamics is emerging as a hitherto unrecognized critical factor for tissue development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsubayashi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Dorset, Poole, Dorset, UK
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31
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Capturing the start point of the virus-cell interaction with high-speed 3D single-virus tracking. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1642-1652. [PMID: 36357694 PMCID: PMC10154077 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The early stages of the virus-cell interaction have long evaded observation by existing microscopy methods due to the rapid diffusion of virions in the extracellular space and the large three-dimensional cellular structures involved. Here we present an active-feedback single-particle tracking method with simultaneous volumetric imaging of the live cell environment called 3D-TrIm to address this knowledge gap. 3D-TrIm captures the extracellular phase of the infectious cycle in what we believe is unprecedented detail. We report what are, to our knowledge, previously unobserved phenomena in the early stages of the virus-cell interaction, including skimming contact events at the millisecond timescale, orders of magnitude change in diffusion coefficient upon binding and cylindrical and linear diffusion modes along cellular protrusions. Finally, we demonstrate how this method can move single-particle tracking from simple monolayer culture toward more tissue-like conditions by tracking single virions in tightly packed epithelial cells. This multiresolution method presents opportunities for capturing fast, three-dimensional processes in biological systems.
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32
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Guidone D, Buccirossi M, Scudieri P, Genovese M, Sarnataro S, De Cegli R, Cresta F, Terlizzi V, Planelles G, Crambert G, Sermet I, Galietta LJ. Airway surface hyperviscosity and defective mucociliary transport by IL-17/TNF-α are corrected by β-adrenergic stimulus. JCI Insight 2022; 7:164944. [PMID: 36219481 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluid covering the surface of airway epithelia represents a first barrier against pathogens. The chemical and physical properties of the airway surface fluid are controlled by the activity of ion channels and transporters. In cystic fibrosis (CF), loss of CFTR chloride channel function causes airway surface dehydration, bacterial infection, and inflammation. We investigated the effects of IL-17A plus TNF-α, 2 cytokines with relevant roles in CF and other chronic lung diseases. Transcriptome analysis revealed a profound change with upregulation of several genes involved in ion transport, antibacterial defense, and neutrophil recruitment. At the functional level, bronchial epithelia treated in vitro with the cytokine combination showed upregulation of ENaC channel, ATP12A proton pump, ADRB2 β-adrenergic receptor, and SLC26A4 anion exchanger. The overall result of IL-17A/TNF-α treatment was hyperviscosity of the airway surface, as demonstrated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. Importantly, stimulation with a β-adrenergic agonist switched airway surface to a low-viscosity state in non-CF but not in CF epithelia. Our study suggests that CF lung disease is sustained by a vicious cycle in which epithelia cannot exit from the hyperviscous state, thus perpetuating the proinflammatory airway surface condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Guidone
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Scudieri
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Genovese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Sarnataro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rossella De Cegli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Federico Cresta
- Centro Fibrosi Cistica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Vito Terlizzi
- Meyer Children's Hospital, Cystic Fibrosis Regional Reference Center, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gabrielle Planelles
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS EMR 8228, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Crambert
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS EMR 8228, Paris, France
| | | | - Luis Jv Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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33
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Consonni A, Miglietti M, De Luca CMG, Cazzaniga FA, Ciullini A, Dellarole IL, Bufano G, Di Fonzo A, Giaccone G, Baggi F, Moda F. Approaching the Gut and Nasal Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease in the Era of the Seed Amplification Assays. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1579. [PMID: 36421902 PMCID: PMC9688507 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder often associated with pre-motor symptoms involving both gastrointestinal and olfactory tissues. PD patients frequently suffer from hyposmia, hyposalivation, dysphagia and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. During the last few years it has been speculated that microbial agents could play a crucial role in PD. In particular, alterations of the microbiota composition (dysbiosis) might contribute to the formation of misfolded α-synuclein, which is believed to be the leading cause of PD. However, while several findings confirmed that there might be an important link between intestinal microbiota alterations and PD onset, little is known about the potential contribution of the nasal microbiota. Here, we describe the latest findings on this topic by considering that more than 80% of patients with PD develop remarkable olfactory deficits in their prodromal disease stage. Therefore, the nasal microbiota might contribute to PD, eventually boosting the gut microbiota in promoting disease onset. Finally, we present the applications of the seed amplification assays to the study of the gut and olfactory mucosa of PD patients, and how they could be exploited to investigate whether pathogenic bacteria present in the gut and the nose might promote α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Consonni
- Division of Neurology 4-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Miglietti
- Division of Neurology 4-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Angelo Cazzaniga
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Ciullini
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Linda Dellarole
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bufano
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Division of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Baggi
- Division of Neurology 4-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
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34
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Ghosh B, Loube J, Thapa S, Ryan H, Capodanno E, Chen D, Swaby C, Chen S, Mahmud S, Girgis M, Nishida K, Ying L, Chengala PP, Tieng E, Burnim M, Wally A, Bhowmik D, Zaykaner M, Yeung-Luk B, Mitzner W, Biswal S, Sidhaye VK. Loss of E-cadherin is causal to pathologic changes in chronic lung disease. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1149. [PMID: 36309587 PMCID: PMC9617938 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line the lung mucosal surface and are the first line of defense against toxic exposures to environmental insults, and their integrity is critical to lung health. An early finding in the lung epithelium of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the loss of a key component of the adherens junction protein called E-cadherin. The cause of this decrease is not known and could be due to luminal insults or structural changes in the small airways. Irrespective, it is unknown whether the loss of E-cadherin is a marker or a driver of disease. Here we report that loss of E-cadherin is causal to the development of chronic lung disease. Using cell-type-specific promoters, we find that knockout of E-cadherin in alveolar epithelial type II but not type 1 cells in adult mouse models results in airspace enlargement. Furthermore, the knockout of E-cadherin in airway ciliated cells, but not club cells, increase airway hyperreactivity. We demonstrate that strategies to upregulate E-cadherin rescue monolayer integrity and serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishakhi Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Loube
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shreeti Thapa
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hurley Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniel Chen
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Si Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Saborny Mahmud
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kristine Nishida
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linyan Ying
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pratulya Pragadaraju Chengala
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan Tieng
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Burnim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ara Wally
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debarshi Bhowmik
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Zaykaner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bonnie Yeung-Luk
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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35
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Abstract
![]()
Mucus hydrogels at biointerfaces are crucial for protecting
against
foreign pathogens and for the biological functions of the underlying
cells. Since mucus can bind to and host both viruses and bacteria,
establishing a synthetic model system that can emulate the properties
and functions of native mucus and can be synthesized at large scale
would revolutionize the mucus-related research that is essential for
understanding the pathways of many infectious diseases. The synthesis
of such biofunctional hydrogels in the laboratory is highly challenging,
owing to their complex chemical compositions and the specific chemical
interactions that occur throughout the gel network. In this perspective,
we discuss the basic chemical structures and diverse physicochemical
interactions responsible for the unique properties and functions of
mucus hydrogels. We scrutinize the different approaches for preparing
mucus-inspired hydrogels, with specific examples. We also discuss
recent research and what it reveals about the challenges that must
be addressed and the opportunities to be considered to achieve desirable de novo synthetic mucus hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bej
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Devadoss D, Acharya A, Manevski M, Houserova D, Cioffi MD, Pandey K, Nair M, Chapagain P, Mirsaeidi M, Borchert GM, Byrareddy SN, Chand HS. Immunomodulatory LncRNA on antisense strand of ICAM-1 augments SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated airway mucoinflammatory phenotype. iScience 2022; 25:104685. [PMID: 35789750 PMCID: PMC9242679 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs are important regulators of mucoinflammatory response, but little is known about the contribution of airway long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in COVID-19. RNA-seq analysis showed a more than 4-fold increased expression of IL-6, ICAM-1, CXCL-8, and SCGB1A1 inflammatory factors; MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins; and SPDEF, FOXA3, and FOXJ1 transcription factors in COVID-19 patient nasal samples compared with uninfected controls. A lncRNA on antisense strand to ICAM-1 or LASI was induced 2-fold in COVID-19 patients, and its expression was directly correlated with viral loads. A SARS-CoV-2-infected 3D-airway model largely recapitulated these clinical findings. RNA microscopy and molecular modeling indicated a possible interaction between viral RNA and LASI lncRNA. Notably, blocking LASI lncRNA reduced the SARS-CoV-2 replication and suppressed MUC5AC mucin levels and associated inflammation, and select LASI-dependent miRNAs (e.g., let-7b-5p and miR-200a-5p) were implicated. Thus, LASI lncRNA represents an essential facilitator of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated airway mucoinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Devadoss
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Marko Manevski
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Dominika Houserova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Michael D. Cioffi
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kabita Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Prem Chapagain
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Miller School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Glen M. Borchert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hitendra S. Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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37
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Huang JTJ, Cant E, Keir HR, Barton AK, Kuzmanova E, Shuttleworth M, Pollock J, Finch S, Polverino E, Bottier M, Dicker AJ, Shoemark A, Chalmers JD. Endotyping Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bronchiectasis, and the "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Bronchiectasis Association". Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:417-426. [PMID: 35436182 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202108-1943oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two disease entities with overlapped clinical features, and codiagnosis frequently occurs (termed the "COPD-bronchiectasis association"). Objectives: To investigate the sputum microbiome and proteome in patients with bronchiectasis, COPD, and the COPD-bronchiectasis association with the aim of identifying endotypes that may inform treatment. Methods: Sputum microbiome and protein profiling were carried out using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and a label-free proteomics workflow, respectively, in a cohort comprising patients with COPD (n = 43), bronchiectasis (n = 30), and the COPD-bronchiectasis association (n = 48). Results were validated in an independent cohort of 91 patients (n = 28-31 each group) using targeted measurements of inflammatory markers, mucins, and bacterial culture. Measurements and Main Results: Principal component analysis of sputum microbiome and protein profiles showed a partial separation between the COPD and the "COPD-bronchiectasis association" group. Further analyses revealed that patients with the "COPD-bronchiectasis association" had a higher abundance of proteobacteria, higher expression of mucin-5AC and proteins from the "neutrophil degranulation" pathway compared to those with COPD. In contrast, patients with COPD had an elevated expression of mucin-5B and several peptidase inhibitors, higher abundance of common commensal taxa, and a greater microbiome diversity. The profiles of "COPD-bronchiectasis association" and bronchiectasis groups were largely overlapping. Five endotypes were proposed with differential inflammatory, mucin, and microbiological features. The key features related to the "COPD-bronchiectasis association" were validated in an independent cohort. Conclusions: Neutrophilic inflammation, differential mucin expression, and Gram-negative infection are dominant traits in patients with the "COPD-bronchiectasis association."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Cant
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and
| | - Holly R Keir
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Morven Shuttleworth
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jennifer Pollock
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and
| | - Simon Finch
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and
| | - Eva Polverino
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mathieu Bottier
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Amelia Shoemark
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; and
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38
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Völler M, Addante A, Rulff H, von Lospichl B, Gräber SY, Duerr J, Lauster D, Haag R, Gradzielski M, Mall MA. An optimized protocol for assessment of sputum macrorheology in health and muco-obstructive lung disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:912049. [PMID: 35991170 PMCID: PMC9388721 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.912049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Airway mucus provides important protective functions in health and abnormal viscoelasticity is a hallmark of muco-obstructive lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). However, previous studies of sputum macrorheology from healthy individuals and patients with CF using different experimental protocols yielded in part discrepant results and data on a systematic assessment across measurement settings and conditions remain limited. Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop an optimized and reliable protocol for standardized macrorheological measurements of airway mucus model systems and native human sputum from healthy individuals and patients with muco-obstructive lung disease. Methods: Oscillatory rheological shear measurements were performed using bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) at different concentrations (2% and 10% solids) and sputum samples from healthy controls (n = 10) and patients with CF (n = 10). Viscoelastic properties were determined by amplitude and frequency sweeps at 25°C and 37°C with or without solvent trap using a cone-plate geometry. Results: Under saturated atmosphere, we did not observe any temperature-dependent differences in 2% and 10% BSM macrorheology, whereas in the absence of evaporation control 10% BSM demonstrated a significantly higher viscoelasticity at 37°C. Similarly, during the measurements without evaporation control at 37°C we observed a substantial increase in the storage modulus G′ and the loss modulus G″ of the highly viscoelastic CF sputum but not in the healthy sputum. Conclusion: Our data show systematically higher viscoelasticity of CF compared to healthy sputum at 25°C and 37°C. For measurements at the higher temperature using a solvent trap to prevent evaporation is essential for macrorheological analysis of mucus model systems and native human sputum. Another interesting finding is that the viscoelastic properties are not much sensitive to the applied experimental deformation and yield robust results despite their delicate consistency. The optimized protocol resulting from this work will facilitate standardized quantitative assessment of abnormalities in viscoelastic properties of airway mucus and response to muco-active therapies in patients with CF and other muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Völler
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annalisa Addante
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Rulff
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Simon Y. Gräber
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Duerr
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Gradzielski, ; Marcus A. Mall,
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Gradzielski, ; Marcus A. Mall,
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39
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Park SM, Jung CJ, Lee DG, Choi BR, Ku TH, La IJ, Cho IJ, Ku SK. Adenophora Stricta Root Extract Protects Lung Injury from Exposure to Particulate Matter 2.5 in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071376. [PMID: 35883867 PMCID: PMC9312037 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of particulate matter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been considered as one of the major etiologies for various respiratory diseases. Adenophora stricta Miq. is a medicinal herb that has been used for treating respiratory diseases in East Asia. The present study investigated the effect of A. stricta root extract (AsE) on PM2.5-induced lung injury in mice. Oral administration of 100-400 mg/kg AsE for 10 days significantly reduced the PM2.5-mediated increase in relative lung weight, but there was no difference in body weight with AsE administration. In addition, AsE dose-dependently decreased congested region of the lung tissue, prevented apoptosis and matrix degradation, and alleviated mucus stasis induced by PM2.5. Moreover, cytological analysis of bronchioalveolar lavage fluid revealed that AsE significantly inhibited the infiltration of immune cells into the lungs. Consistently, AsE also decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in lung tissue. Furthermore, AsE administration blocked reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation through attenuating the PM2.5-dependent reduction of antioxidant defense system in the lungs. Therefore, A. stricta root would be a promising candidate for protecting lung tissue from air pollution such as PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Man Park
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea; (S.-M.P.); (D.-G.L.)
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Korea;
| | - Cheol-Jong Jung
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Korea;
| | - Dae-Geon Lee
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea; (S.-M.P.); (D.-G.L.)
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Korea;
| | - Beom-Rak Choi
- Research Institute, Nutracore Co., Ltd., Gwanggyo SK Viewlake A-3206, Beobjo-Ro 25, Suwon 16514, Korea;
| | - Tae-Hun Ku
- Okchungdang Korean Medicine Clinic, Ulsan 44900, Korea;
| | | | - Il-Je Cho
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Korea;
- Correspondence: (I.-J.C.); (S.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-0011 (I.-J.C.); +82-53-819-1549 (S.-K.K.)
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea; (S.-M.P.); (D.-G.L.)
- Correspondence: (I.-J.C.); (S.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-0011 (I.-J.C.); +82-53-819-1549 (S.-K.K.)
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40
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Nasal Microbiota, Olfactory Health, Neurological Disorders and Aging—A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071405. [PMID: 35889124 PMCID: PMC9320618 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal region is one of the distinct environments for the survival of various microbiota. The human microbial niche begins to inhabit the human body right from birth, and the microbiota survive as commensals or opportunistic pathogens throughout the life of humans in their bodies in various habitats. These microbial communities help to maintain a healthy microenvironment by preventing the attack of pathogens and being involved in immune regulation. Any dysbiosis of microbiota residing in the mucosal surfaces, such as the nasal passages, guts, and genital regions, causes immune modulation and severe infections. The coexistence of microorganisms in the mucosal layers of respiratory passage, resulting in infections due to their co-abundance and interactions, and the background molecular mechanisms responsible for such interactions, need to be considered for investigation. Additional clinical evaluations can explain the interactions among the nasal microbiota, nasal dysbiosis and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The respiratory airways usually act as a substratum place for the microbes and can act as the base for respiratory tract infections. The microbial metabolites and the microbes can cross the blood–brain barrier and may cause NDs, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The scientific investigations on the potential role of the nasal microbiota in olfactory functions and the relationship between their dysfunction and neurological diseases are limited. Recently, the consequences of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with neurological diseases are under exploration. The crosstalk between the gut and the nasal microbiota is highly influential, because their mucosal regions are the prominent microbial niche and are connected to the olfaction, immune regulation, and homeostasis of the central nervous system. Diet is one of the major factors, which strongly influences the mucosal membranes of the airways, gut, and lung. Unhealthy diet practices cause dysbiosis in gut microbiota and the mucosal barrier. The current review summarizes the interrelationship between the nasal microbiota dysbiosis, resulting olfactory dysfunctions, and the progression of NDs during aging and the involvement of coronavirus disease 2019 in provoking the NDs.
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41
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Berry KA, Verhoef MTA, Leonard AC, Cox G. Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to the host. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:75-96. [PMID: 35705378 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathobiont capable of colonizing and infecting most tissues within the human body, resulting in a multitude of different clinical outcomes. Adhesion of S. aureus to the host is crucial for both host colonization and the establishment of infections. Underlying the pathogen's success is a complex and diverse arsenal of adhesins. In this review, we discuss the different classes of adhesins, including a consideration of the various adhesion sites throughout the body and the clinical outcomes of each infection type. The development of therapeutics targeting the S. aureus host-pathogen interaction is a relatively understudied area. Due to the increasing global threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial that innovative and alternative approaches are considered. Neutralizing virulence factors, through the development of antivirulence agents, could reduce bacterial pathogenicity and the ever-increasing burden of S. aureus infections. This review provides insight into potentially efficacious adhesion-associated targets for the development of novel decolonizing and antivirulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Berry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mackenzie T A Verhoef
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison C Leonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgina Cox
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Sheng YH, Hasnain SZ. Mucus and Mucins: The Underappreciated Host Defence System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:856962. [PMID: 35774401 PMCID: PMC9238349 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.856962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces that form the boundary between the external environment and the underlying tissue are protected by a mucus barrier. Mucin glycoproteins, both secreted and cell surface mucins, are the major components of the barrier. They can exclude pathogens and toxins while hosting the commensal bacteria. In this review, we highlight the dynamic function of the mucins and mucus during infection, how this mucosal barrier is regulated, and how pathogens have evolved mechanisms to evade this defence system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hua Sheng
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute−The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z. Hasnain
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute−The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sumaira Z. Hasnain,
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43
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Pednekar DD, Liguori MA, Marques CNH, Zhang T, Zhang N, Zhou Z, Amoako K, Gu H. From Static to Dynamic: A Review on the Role of Mucus Heterogeneity in Particle and Microbial Transport. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2825-2848. [PMID: 35696291 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucus layers (McLs) are on the front line of the human defense system that protect us from foreign abiotic/biotic particles (e.g., airborne virus SARS-CoV-2) and lubricates our organs. Recently, the impact of McLs on human health (e.g., nutrient absorption and drug delivery) and diseases (e.g., infections and cancers) has been studied extensively, yet their mechanisms are still not fully understood due to their high variety among organs and individuals. We characterize these variances as the heterogeneity of McLs, which lies in the thickness, composition, and physiology, making the systematic research on the roles of McLs in human health and diseases very challenging. To advance mucosal organoids and develop effective drug delivery systems, a comprehensive understanding of McLs' heterogeneity and how it impacts mucus physiology is urgently needed. When the role of airway mucus in the penetration and transmission of coronavirus (CoV) is considered, this understanding may also enable a better explanation and prediction of the CoV's behavior. Hence, in this Review, we summarize the variances of McLs among organs, health conditions, and experimental settings as well as recent advances in experimental measurements, data analysis, and model development for simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dinanath Pednekar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Madison A Liguori
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | | | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zejian Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Kagya Amoako
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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44
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Ma Y, Gu Y, Zhang X, Gu W, Wang T, Sun H, Dai Y, Yan Y, Wang Y, Wang M, Sun H, Hao C, Fan L, Chen Z. High Expression of MUC5AC, MUC5B, and Layilin Plays an Essential Role in Prediction in the Development of Plastic Bronchitis Caused by MPP. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:911228. [PMID: 35770160 PMCID: PMC9234514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare respiratory condition which can result in severe respiratory complications such as respiratory failure and death. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is a main etiology cause of plastic bronchitis. However, the pathogenesis of plastic bronchitis complicated by Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) has not yet been fully elucidated. Our article aims to explore biomarkers for early prediction of MPP cases complicated with plastic bronchitis. We utilized a protein chip to screen for significantly different proteins among the groups of healthy, general Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (GMPP) and refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) patients, where layilin exhibited a potent change across biology information technology. Next, we demonstrated the high expression of MUC5AC, MUC5B, and layilin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of MPP cases complicated with plastic bronchitis. Further study suggested that the level of layilin had a positive correlation with both MUC5AC and MUC5B. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic values of MUC5AC, MUC5B, and layilin in MPP cases with PB. Data show that the three indicators have similar diagnostic ability for MPP children with plastic bronchitis. Then, we used different concentrations of community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin or lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) to simulate an in vitro experiment. The in vitro assay revealed that CARDS toxin or LAMPs induced A549 cells to secrete MUC5AC, MUC5B, layilin, and proinflammatory factors. These findings suggest that MUC5AC, MUC5B, and layilin are correlated with MPP. The high expression of MUC5AC, MUC5B, and layilin play an essential role in prediction in the development of plastic bronchitis caused by MPP. The high expression of MUC5AC, MUC5B, and layilin may be relevant to the severity of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yeqi Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiming Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yinfang Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongdong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiquan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuangli Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liping Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Liping Fan
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengrong Chen
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Abstract
Viruses are intracellular pathogen that exploit host cellular machinery for their propagation. Extensive research on virus-host interaction have shed light on an alternative antiviral strategy that targets host cell factors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a versatile signal transducer that is involved in a range of cellular processes. Numerous studies have revealed how viruses exploit the function of EGFR in different stages of viral life cycle. In general, viruses attach onto the host cell surface and interacts with EGFR to facilitate viral entry, viral replication and spread as well as evasion from host immunosurveillance. Moreover, virus-induced activation of EGFR signalling is associated with mucin expression, tissue damage and carcinogenesis that contribute to serious complications. Herein, we review our current understanding of roles of EGFR in viral infection and its potential as therapeutic target in managing viral infection. We also discuss the available EGFR-targeted therapies and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Man Lai
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Wai Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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46
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Fröhlich E. Non-Cellular Layers of the Respiratory Tract: Protection against Pathogens and Target for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050992. [PMID: 35631578 PMCID: PMC9143813 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barriers separate the human body from the environment to maintain homeostasis. Compared to the skin and gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory barrier is the thinnest and least protective. The properties of the epithelial cells (height, number of layers, intercellular junctions) and non-cellular layers, mucus in the conducting airways and surfactant in the respiratory parts determine the permeability of the barrier. The review focuses on the non-cellular layers and describes the architecture of the mucus and surfactant followed by interaction with gases and pathogens. While the penetration of gases into the respiratory tract is mainly determined by their hydrophobicity, pathogens use different mechanisms to invade the respiratory tract. Often, the combination of mucus adhesion and subsequent permeation of the mucus mesh is used. Similar mechanisms are also employed to improve drug delivery across the respiratory barrier. Depending on the payload and target region, various mucus-targeting delivery systems have been developed. It appears that the mucus-targeting strategy has to be selected according to the planned application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; ; Tel.: +43-316-38573011
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
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47
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Melo-González F, Sepúlveda-Alfaro J, Schultz BM, Suazo ID, Boone DL, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877533. [PMID: 35572549 PMCID: PMC9095905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting high-risk populations such as children and the elderly. Pathogens usually activate local immune responses at the site of infection, resulting in both protective and inflammatory responses, which may lead to local changes in the microbiota, metabolites, and the cytokine environment. Although some pathogens can disseminate and cause systemic disease, increasing evidence suggests that local infections can affect tissues not directly invaded. In particular, diseases occurring at distal mucosal barriers such as the lung and the intestine seem to be linked, as shown by epidemiological studies in humans. These mucosal barriers have bidirectional interactions based mainly on multiple signals derived from the microbiota, which has been termed as the gut-lung axis. However, the effects observed in such distal places are still incompletely understood. Most of the current research focuses on the systemic impact of changes in microbiota and bacterial metabolites during infection, which could further modulate immune responses at distal tissue sites. Here, we describe how the gut microbiota and associated metabolites play key roles in maintaining local homeostasis and preventing enteric infection by direct and indirect mechanisms. Subsequently, we discuss recent murine and human studies linking infectious diseases with changes occurring at distal mucosal barriers, with particular emphasis on bacterial and viral infections affecting the lung and the gastrointestinal tract. Further, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which pathogens may cause such effects, promoting either protection or susceptibility to secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Melo-González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara M. Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora D. Suazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David L. Boone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ros-Lucas JA, Pascual-Figal DA, Noguera-Velasco JA, Hernández-Vicente Á, Cebreiros-López I, Arnaldos-Carrillo M, Martínez-Ardil IM, García-Vázquez E, Aparicio-Vicente M, Solana-Martínez E, Ruiz-Martínez SY, Fernández-Mula L, Andujar-Espinosa R, Fernández-Suarez B, Sánchez-Caro MD, Peñalver-Mellado C, Ruiz-López FJ. CA 15-3 prognostic biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6738. [PMID: 35469047 PMCID: PMC9037059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of lung involvement is the main prognostic factor in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), a marker of lung damage and fibrosis, could help predict the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. This was a retrospective and observational study. CA 15-3 was analyzed in the blood samples of patients consecutively admitted for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and whose blood samples were available in the biobank. Other prognostic markers were also measured (interleukin 6 [IL6], C-reactive protein [CRP], D-dimer, troponin T, and NT-ProBNP). The occurrence of in-hospital complications was registered, including death, the need for medical intensive care, and oxygen therapy at discharge. In this study, 539 patients were recruited (54.9% men, mean age: 59.6 ± 16.4 years). At admission, the mean concentrations of CA 15-3 was 20.5 ± 15.8 U/mL, and the concentration was correlated with male sex, older age, and other severity markers of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) (IL6, CRP, D-dimer, troponine T, and NT-ProBNP). CA 15-3 levels were higher in patients who died (n = 56, 10.4%) (35.33 ± 30.45 vs. 18.8 ± 12.11, p < 0.001), who required intensive medical support (n = 78, 14.4%; 31.17 ± 27.83 vs. 18.68 ± 11.83; p < 0.001), and who were discharged with supplemental oxygen (n = 64, 13.3%; 22.65 ± 14.41 vs. 18.2 ± 11.7; p = 0.011). Elevated CA 15-3 levels (above 34.5 U/mL) were a strong predictor of a complicated in-hospital course, in terms of a higher risk of death (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–11.9, p = 0.022) and need for intensive care (adjusted OR 4.56, 95% CI: 1.37–15.8) after adjusting for all other risk factors. The degree of lung damage and fibrosis evaluated in terms of CA 15-3 concentrations may allow early identification of the increased risk of complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Ros-Lucas
- Pneumology Service, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. .,IMIB- Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. .,Catholic University Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
| | - Domingo Andrés Pascual-Figal
- IMIB- Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Cardiology Service, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, , Murcia, Spain.,University of Murcia (UMU), Murcia, Spain.,National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Iria Cebreiros-López
- Clinical Laboratory Service, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Arnaldos-Carrillo
- Clinical Laboratory Service, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Elisa García-Vázquez
- University of Murcia (UMU), Murcia, Spain.,Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Elena Solana-Martínez
- Pneumology Service, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Laura Fernández-Mula
- Pneumology Service, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rubén Andujar-Espinosa
- Pneumology Service, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,University of Murcia (UMU), Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francisco José Ruiz-López
- Pneumology Service, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,University of Murcia (UMU), Murcia, Spain
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49
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Morrison CB, Edwards CE, Shaffer KM, Araba KC, Wykoff JA, Williams DR, Asakura T, Dang H, Morton LC, Gilmore RC, O’Neal WK, Boucher RC, Baric RS, Ehre C. SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway cells causes intense viral and cell shedding, two spreading mechanisms affected by IL-13. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119680119. [PMID: 35353667 PMCID: PMC9169748 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119680119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muco-obstructive lung diseases are typically associated with high risks of COVID-19 severity; however, allergic asthma showed reduced susceptibility. To investigate viral spread, primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cell cultures were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and host–virus interactions were examined via electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, and gene expression analyses. In HAE cell cultures, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression governed cell tropism and viral load and was up-regulated by infection. Electron microscopy identified intense viral egress from infected ciliated cells and severe cytopathogenesis, culminating in the shedding of ciliated cells packed with virions, providing a large viral reservoir for spread and transmission. Intracellular stores of MUC5AC, a major airway mucin involved in asthma, were rapidly depleted, likely to trap viruses. To mimic asthmatic airways, HAE cells were treated with interleukin-13 (IL-13), which reduced viral titers, viral messenger RNA, and cell shedding, and significantly diminished the number of infected cells. Although mucus hyperproduction played a shielding role, IL-13–treated cells maintained a degree of protection despite the removal of mucus. Using Gene Expression Omnibus databases, bulk RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that IL-13 up-regulated genes controlling glycoprotein synthesis, ion transport, and antiviral processes (albeit not the typical interferon-induced genes) and down-regulated genes involved in cilial function and ribosomal processing. More precisely, we showed that IL-13 reduced ACE2 expression, intracellular viral load, and cell-to-cell transmission while increasing the cilial keratan sulfate coating. In conclusion, intense viral and cell shedding caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection was attenuated by IL-13, which affected viral entry, replication, and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron B. Morrison
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Caitlin E. Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kendall M. Shaffer
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kenza C. Araba
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jason A. Wykoff
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Danielle R. Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Lisa C. Morton
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Pediatrics/Pediatric Pulmonology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Li A, Zhao F, Yang T, Zhao Y, Liu H, Yang S, Zhu X. PTX3/TWIST1 Feedback Loop Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:161-169. [PMID: 35438530 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of nasal mucosal tissue is an obvious feature of allergic rhinitis. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a member of the pentraxin family and plays important roles in inflammation. We aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of PTX3 in inflammatory factors and MUC5AC production in human nasal epithelia cells. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments were performed. We found that the silencing of PTX3 dramatically blocked the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and MUC5AC induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Gain-of-function of PTX3 displayed the opposite results. Interestingly, the ablation of PTX3 blocked activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, whereas the administration of an agonist of PI3K, 740Y-P, partially reversed the inhibitory functions of PTX3 silencing on inflammation and MUC5AC production. Moreover, PTX3 was a positive regulator of TWIST1, which is one of the transcription factors of PTX3. We noticed that TWIST1 downregulation reduced the expression of PTX3. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that TWIST1 could bind to the promoter of PTX3. Importantly, the depletion of TWIST1 attenuated the LPS-mediated expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, whereas these effects were partially abolished upon PTX3 overexpression. Taken together, our findings revealed that the PTX3/TWIST1 feedback loop modulates LPS-induced inflammation and MUC5AC production via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xuli Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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