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Brix A, Belleri L, Pezzotta A, Pettinato E, Mazzola M, Zoccolillo M, Marozzi A, Monteiro R, Del Bene F, Mortellaro A, Pistocchi A. ADA2 regulates inflammation and hematopoietic stem cell emergence via the A 2bR pathway in zebrafish. Commun Biol 2024; 7:615. [PMID: 38777862 PMCID: PMC11111730 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an inborn error of immunity caused by loss-of-function mutations in the adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) gene. Clinical manifestations of DADA2 include vasculopathy and immuno-hematological abnormalities, culminating in bone marrow failure. A major gap exists in our knowledge of the regulatory functions of ADA2 during inflammation and hematopoiesis, mainly due to the absence of an ADA2 orthologue in rodents. Exploring these mechanisms is essential for understanding disease pathology and developing new treatments. Zebrafish possess two ADA2 orthologues, cecr1a and cecr1b, with the latter showing functional conservation with human ADA2. We establish a cecr1b-loss-of-function zebrafish model that recapitulates the immuno-hematological and vascular manifestations observed in humans. Loss of Cecr1b disrupts hematopoietic stem cell specification, resulting in defective hematopoiesis. This defect is caused by induced inflammation in the vascular endothelium. Blocking inflammation, pharmacological modulation of the A2r pathway, or the administration of the recombinant human ADA2 corrects these defects, providing insights into the mechanistic link between ADA2 deficiency, inflammation and immuno-hematological abnormalities. Our findings open up potential therapeutic avenues for DADA2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Brix
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, L.I.T.A., via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Belleri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, L.I.T.A., via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054, Milan, Italy
- Department of Development, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Alex Pezzotta
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, L.I.T.A., via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pettinato
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Mazzola
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, L.I.T.A., via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Zoccolillo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Marozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, L.I.T.A., via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054, Milan, Italy
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TTB, UK
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Department of Development, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Mortellaro
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, L.I.T.A., via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Mendes M, Monteiro AC, Neto E, Barrias CC, Sobrinho-Simões MA, Duarte D, Caires HR. Transforming the Niche: The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4430. [PMID: 38674015 PMCID: PMC11050723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) management remains a significant challenge in oncology due to its low survival rates and high post-treatment relapse rates, mainly attributed to treatment-resistant leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) residing in bone marrow (BM) niches. This review offers an in-depth analysis of AML progression, highlighting the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the dynamic remodelling of BM niche intercellular communication. We explore recent advancements elucidating the mechanisms through which EVs facilitate complex crosstalk, effectively promoting AML hallmarks and drug resistance. Adopting a temporal view, we chart the evolving landscape of EV-mediated interactions within the AML niche, underscoring the transformative potential of these insights for therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, the review discusses the emerging understanding of endothelial cell subsets' impact across BM niches in shaping AML disease progression, adding another layer of complexity to the disease progression and treatment resistance. We highlight the potential of cutting-edge methodologies, such as organ-on-chip (OoC) and single-EV analysis technologies, to provide unprecedented insights into AML-niche interactions in a human setting. Leveraging accumulated insights into AML EV signalling to reconfigure BM niches and pioneer novel approaches to decipher the EV signalling networks that fuel AML within the human context could revolutionise the development of niche-targeted therapy for leukaemia eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mendes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Monteiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina C. Barrias
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel A. Sobrinho-Simões
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Haematology, Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Delfim Duarte
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Instituto Português de Oncologia (IPO)-Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
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3
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Netsrithong R, Garcia-Perez L, Themeli M. Engineered T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells: from research towards clinical implementation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325209. [PMID: 38283344 PMCID: PMC10811463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived T (iT) cells represent a groundbreaking frontier in adoptive cell therapies with engineered T cells, poised to overcome pivotal limitations associated with conventional manufacturing methods. iPSCs offer an off-the-shelf source of therapeutic T cells with the potential for infinite expansion and straightforward genetic manipulation to ensure hypo-immunogenicity and introduce specific therapeutic functions, such as antigen specificity through a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Importantly, genetic engineering of iPSC offers the benefit of generating fully modified clonal lines that are amenable to rigorous safety assessments. Critical to harnessing the potential of iT cells is the development of a robust and clinically compatible production process. Current protocols for genetic engineering as well as differentiation protocols designed to mirror human hematopoiesis and T cell development, vary in efficiency and often contain non-compliant components, thereby rendering them unsuitable for clinical implementation. This comprehensive review centers on the remarkable progress made over the last decade in generating functional engineered T cells from iPSCs. Emphasis is placed on alignment with good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards, scalability, safety measures and quality controls, which constitute the fundamental prerequisites for clinical application. In conclusion, the focus on iPSC as a source promises standardized, scalable, clinically relevant, and potentially safer production of engineered T cells. This groundbreaking approach holds the potential to extend hope to a broader spectrum of patients and diseases, leading in a new era in adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchapong Netsrithong
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Garcia-Perez
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Themeli
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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4
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Piau O, Brunet-Manquat M, L'Homme B, Petit L, Birebent B, Linard C, Moeckes L, Zuliani T, Lapillonne H, Benderitter M, Douay L, Chapel A, Guyonneau-Harmand L, Jaffredo T. Generation of transgene-free hematopoietic stem cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1610-1623.e7. [PMID: 38065068 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the rare cells responsible for the lifelong curative effects of hematopoietic cell (HC) transplantation. The demand for clinical-grade HSCs has increased significantly in recent decades, leading to major difficulties in treating patients. A promising but not yet achieved goal is the generation of HSCs from pluripotent stem cells. Here, we have obtained vector- and stroma-free transplantable HSCs by differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using an original one-step culture system. After injection into immunocompromised mice, cells derived from hiPSCs settle in the bone marrow and form a robust multilineage hematopoietic population that can be serially transplanted. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows that this repopulating activity is due to a hematopoietic population that is transcriptionally similar to human embryonic aorta-derived HSCs. Overall, our results demonstrate the generation of HSCs from hiPSCs and will help identify key regulators of HSC production during human ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Piau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, 9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Brunet-Manquat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France
| | - Bruno L'Homme
- Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurence Petit
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, 9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Birebent
- EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France
| | - Christine Linard
- Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laetitia Moeckes
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Atlantic Bio GMP - 2, rue Aronnax, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Thomas Zuliani
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Atlantic Bio GMP - 2, rue Aronnax, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Hélène Lapillonne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital St Antoine/Trousseau, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Douay
- AP-HP, Hôpital St Antoine/Trousseau, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Alain Chapel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurence Guyonneau-Harmand
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France.
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France.
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Crosse EI, Binagui-Casas A, Gordon-Keylock S, Rybtsov S, Tamagno S, Olofsson D, Anderson RA, Medvinsky A. An interactive resource of molecular signalling in the developing human haematopoietic stem cell niche. Development 2023; 150:dev201972. [PMID: 37840454 PMCID: PMC10730088 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of definitive human haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from Carnegie Stage (CS) 14 to CS17 in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is a tightly regulated process. Previously, we conducted spatial transcriptomic analysis of the human AGM region at the end of this period (CS16/CS17) and identified secreted factors involved in HSC development. Here, we extend our analysis to investigate the progression of dorso-ventral polarised signalling around the dorsal aorta over the entire period of HSC emergence. Our results reveal a dramatic increase in ventral signalling complexity from the CS13-CS14 transition, coinciding with the first appearance of definitive HSCs. We further observe stage-specific changes in signalling up to CS17, which may underpin the step-wise maturation of HSCs described in the mouse model. The data-rich resource is also presented in an online interface enabling in silico analysis of molecular interactions between spatially defined domains of the AGM region. This resource will be of particular interest for researchers studying mechanisms underlying human HSC development as well as those developing in vitro methods for the generation of clinically relevant HSCs from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie I. Crosse
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anahi Binagui-Casas
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | | | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sara Tamagno
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Didrik Olofsson
- Omiqa Bioinformatics GmbH, Altensteinstraße 40, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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6
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Yeung AK, Villacorta-Martin C, Lindstrom-Vautrin J, Belkina AC, Vanuytsel K, Dowrey TW, Ysasi AB, Bawa P, Wang F, Vrbanac V, Mostoslavsky G, Balazs AB, Murphy GJ. De novo hematopoiesis from the fetal lung. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6898-6912. [PMID: 37729429 PMCID: PMC10685174 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) are specialized cells that undergo endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) to give rise to the earliest precursors of hematopoietic progenitors that will eventually sustain hematopoiesis throughout the lifetime of an organism. Although HECs are thought to be primarily limited to the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) during early development, EHT has been described in various other hematopoietic organs and embryonic vessels. Though not defined as a hematopoietic organ, the lung houses many resident hematopoietic cells, aids in platelet biogenesis, and is a reservoir for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, lung HECs have never been described. Here, we demonstrate that the fetal lung is a potential source of HECs that have the functional capacity to undergo EHT to produce de novo HSPCs and their resultant progeny. Explant cultures of murine and human fetal lungs display adherent endothelial cells transitioning into floating hematopoietic cells, accompanied by the gradual loss of an endothelial signature. Flow cytometric and functional assessment of fetal-lung explants showed the production of multipotent HSPCs that expressed the EHT and pre-HSPC markers EPCR, CD41, CD43, and CD44. scRNA-seq and small molecule modulation demonstrated that fetal lung HECs rely on canonical signaling pathways to undergo EHT, including TGFβ/BMP, Notch, and YAP. Collectively, these data support the possibility that post-AGM development, functional HECs are present in the fetal lung, establishing this location as a potential extramedullary site of de novo hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K. Yeung
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Anna C. Belkina
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Kim Vanuytsel
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Todd W. Dowrey
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra B. Ysasi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Pushpinder Bawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Feiya Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - George J. Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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7
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Pohl L, Schiessl IM. Endothelial cell plasticity in kidney fibrosis and disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14038. [PMID: 37661749 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal endothelial cells demonstrate an impressive remodeling potential during angiogenic sprouting, vessel repair or while transitioning into mesenchymal cells. These different processes may play important roles in both renal disease progression or regeneration while underlying signaling pathways of different endothelial cell plasticity routes partly overlap. Angiogenesis contributes to wound healing after kidney injury and pharmaceutical modulation of angiogenesis may home a great therapeutic potential. Yet, it is not clear whether any differentiated endothelial cell can proliferate or whether regenerative processes are largely controlled by resident or circulating endothelial progenitor cells. In the glomerular compartment for example, a distinct endothelial progenitor cell population may remodel the glomerular endothelium after injury. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the kidney is vastly documented and often associated with endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, and kidney disease progression. Especially the role of EndoMT in renal fibrosis is controversial. Studies on EndoMT in vivo determined possible conclusions on the pathophysiological role of EndoMT in the kidney, but whether endothelial cells really contribute to kidney fibrosis and if not what other cellular and functional outcomes derive from EndoMT in kidney disease is unclear. Sequencing data, however, suggest no participation of endothelial cells in extracellular matrix deposition. Thus, more in-depth classification of cellular markers and the fate of EndoMT cells in the kidney is needed. In this review, we describe different signaling pathways of endothelial plasticity, outline methodological approaches and evidence for functional and structural implications of angiogenesis and EndoMT in the kidney, and eventually discuss controversial aspects in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Pohl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Wilken MB, Fonar G, Nations C, Pavani G, Tsao V, Garifallou J, Tober J, Bennett L, Maguire JA, Gagne A, Okoli N, Gadue P, Chou ST, Speck NA, French DL, Thom CS. Tropomyosin 1 deficiency facilitates cell state transitions to enhance hemogenic endothelial cell specification during hematopoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.01.555861. [PMID: 37693628 PMCID: PMC10491315 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.555861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosins coat actin filaments and impact actin-related signaling and cell morphogenesis. Genome-wide association studies have linked Tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) with human blood trait variation. Prior work suggested that TPM1 regulated blood cell formation in vitro, but it was unclear how or when TPM1 affected hematopoiesis. Using gene-edited induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model systems, TPM1 knockout was found to augment developmental cell state transitions, as well as TNFα and GTPase signaling pathways, to promote hemogenic endothelial (HE) cell specification and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) production. Single-cell analyses showed decreased TPM1 expression during human HE specification, suggesting that TPM1 regulated in vivo hematopoiesis via similar mechanisms. Indeed, analyses of a TPM1 gene trap mouse model showed that TPM1 deficiency enhanced the formation of HE during embryogenesis. These findings illuminate novel effects of TPM1 on developmental hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison B Wilken
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gennadiy Fonar
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Catriana Nations
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Giulia Pavani
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victor Tsao
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James Garifallou
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joanna Tober
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura Bennett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean Ann Maguire
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alyssa Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nkemdilim Okoli
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stella T Chou
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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9
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Mo S, Qu K, Huang J, Li Q, Zhang W, Yen K. Cross-species transcriptomics reveals bifurcation point during the arterial-to-hemogenic transition. Commun Biol 2023; 6:827. [PMID: 37558796 PMCID: PMC10412572 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemogenic endothelium (HE) with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-forming potential emerge from specialized arterial endothelial cells (AECs) undergoing the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Characterization of this AECs subpopulation and whether this phenomenon is conserved across species remains unclear. Here we introduce HomologySeeker, a cross-species method that leverages refined mouse information to explore under-studied human EHT. Utilizing single-cell transcriptomic ensembles of EHT, HomologySeeker reveals a parallel developmental relationship between these two species, with minimal pre-HSC signals observed in human cells. The pre-HE stage contains a conserved bifurcation point between the two species, where cells progress towards HE or late AECs. By harnessing human spatial transcriptomics, we identify ligand modules that contribute to the bifurcation choice and validate CXCL12 in promoting hemogenic choice using a human in vitro differentiation system. Our findings advance human arterial-to-hemogenic transition understanding and offer valuable insights for manipulating HSC generation using in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Mo
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Kengyuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Junfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
| | - Qiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kuangyu Yen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
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10
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Coulombe P, Cole G, Fentiman A, Parker JDK, Yung E, Bilenky M, Degefie L, Lac P, Ling MYM, Tam D, Humphries RK, Karsan A. Meis1 establishes the pre-hemogenic endothelial state prior to Runx1 expression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4537. [PMID: 37500618 PMCID: PMC10374625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) originate from an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) during embryogenesis. Characterization of early hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells is required to understand what drives hemogenic specification and to accurately define cells capable of undergoing EHT. Using Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing (CITE-seq), we define the early subpopulation of pre-HE cells based on both surface markers and transcriptomes. We identify the transcription factor Meis1 as an essential regulator of hemogenic cell specification in the embryo prior to Runx1 expression. Meis1 is expressed at the earliest stages of EHT and distinguishes pre-HE cells primed towards the hemogenic trajectory from the arterial endothelial cells that continue towards a vascular fate. Endothelial-specific deletion of Meis1 impairs the formation of functional Runx1-expressing HE which significantly impedes the emergence of pre-HSPC via EHT. Our findings implicate Meis1 in a critical fate-determining step for establishing EHT potential in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Coulombe
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Grace Cole
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Amanda Fentiman
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Jeremy D K Parker
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Eric Yung
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Misha Bilenky
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Lemlem Degefie
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Patrick Lac
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Maggie Y M Ling
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Derek Tam
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - R Keith Humphries
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
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11
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Lomov NA, Viushkov VS, Rubtsov MA. Mechanisms of Secondary Leukemia Development Caused by Treatment with DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitors. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:892-911. [PMID: 37751862 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is a blood cancer originating in the blood and bone marrow. Therapy-related leukemia is associated with prior chemotherapy. Although cancer therapy with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors is one of the most effective cancer treatments, its side effects include development of secondary leukemia characterized by the chromosomal rearrangements affecting AML1 or MLL genes. Recurrent chromosomal translocations in the therapy-related leukemia differ from chromosomal rearrangements associated with other neoplasias. Here, we reviewed the factors that drive chromosomal translocations induced by cancer treatment with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors, such as mobility of ends of double-strand DNA breaks formed before the translocation and gain of function of fusion proteins generated as a result of translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai A Lomov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Vladimir S Viushkov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Rubtsov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Industrial Technologies and Entrepreneurship Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
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12
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Wang H, Liu D, Chen H, Jiao Y, Zhao H, Li Z, Hou S, Ni Y, Zhang R, Wang J, Zhou J, Liu B, Lan Y. Nupr1 Negatively Regulates Endothelial to Hematopoietic Transition in the Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros Region. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203813. [PMID: 36638254 PMCID: PMC9951349 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the aorta of mid-gestational mouse embryos, a specialized endothelial subpopulation termed hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) develops into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), through a conserved process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). EHT is tightly controlled by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Nevertheless, the molecular regulators restraining this process remain poorly understood. Here, it is uncovered that, one of the previously identified HEC signature genes, Nupr1, negatively regulates the EHT process. Nupr1 deletion in endothelial cells results in increased HSPC generation in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptomics combined with serial functional assays reveals that loss of Nupr1 promotes the EHT process by promoting the specification of hematopoiesis-primed functional HECs and strengthening their subsequent hematopoietic differentiation potential toward HSPCs. This study further finds that the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), is significantly upregulated in Nupr1-deficient HECs, and the use of a specific TNF-α neutralizing antibody partially reduces excessive HSPC generation in the explant cultures from Nupr1-deficient embryos. This study identifies a novel negative regulator of EHT and the findings indicate that Nupr1 is a new potential target for future hematopoietic stem cell regeneration research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationInstitute of HematologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510632China
| | - Di Liu
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationInstitute of HematologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510632China
| | - Yuqing Jiao
- Chinese PLA Medical SchoolChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China
| | - Haixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyDepartment of HematologyFifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100071China
| | - Zongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyDepartment of HematologyFifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100071China
| | - Siyuan Hou
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationInstitute of HematologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510632China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research StationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510632China
| | - Yanli Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyDepartment of HematologyFifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100071China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyDepartment of HematologyFifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100071China
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsAcademy of Military Medical SciencesAcademy of Military SciencesBeijing100071China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationInstitute of HematologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510632China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyDepartment of HematologyFifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100071China
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsAcademy of Military Medical SciencesAcademy of Military SciencesBeijing100071China
| | - Yu Lan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationInstitute of HematologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510632China
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13
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Edginton-White B, Maytum A, Kellaway SG, Goode DK, Keane P, Pagnuco I, Assi SA, Ames L, Clarke M, Cockerill PN, Göttgens B, Cazier JB, Bonifer C. A genome-wide relay of signalling-responsive enhancers drives hematopoietic specification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:267. [PMID: 36650172 PMCID: PMC9845378 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental control of gene expression critically depends on distal cis-regulatory elements including enhancers which interact with promoters to activate gene expression. To date no global experiments have been conducted that identify their cell type and cell stage-specific activity within one developmental pathway and in a chromatin context. Here, we describe a high-throughput method that identifies thousands of differentially active cis-elements able to stimulate a minimal promoter at five stages of hematopoietic progenitor development from embryonic stem (ES) cells, which can be adapted to any ES cell derived cell type. We show that blood cell-specific gene expression is controlled by the concerted action of thousands of differentiation stage-specific sets of cis-elements which respond to cytokine signals terminating at signalling responsive transcription factors. Our work provides an important resource for studies of hematopoietic specification and highlights the mechanisms of how and where extrinsic signals program a cell type-specific chromatin landscape driving hematopoietic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Edginton-White
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - A Maytum
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - S G Kellaway
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - D K Goode
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - P Keane
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - I Pagnuco
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - S A Assi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Ames
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Clarke
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - P N Cockerill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - B Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - J B Cazier
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK.
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14
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Michaels YS, Edgar JM, Major MC, Castle EL, Zimmerman C, Yin T, Hagner A, Lau C, Hsu HH, Ibañez-Rios MI, Durland LJ, Knapp DJHF, Zandstra PW. DLL4 and VCAM1 enhance the emergence of T cell-competent hematopoietic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5522. [PMID: 36001668 PMCID: PMC9401626 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
T cells show tremendous efficacy as cellular therapeutics. However, obtaining primary T cells from human donors is expensive and variable. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the potential to provide a renewable source of T cells, but differentiating PSCs into hematopoietic progenitors with T cell potential remains an important challenge. Here, we report an efficient serum- and feeder-free system for differentiating human PSCs into hematopoietic progenitors and T cells. This fully defined approach allowed us to study the impact of individual proteins on blood emergence and differentiation. Providing DLL4 and VCAM1 during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition enhanced downstream progenitor T cell output by ~80-fold. These two proteins synergized to activate notch signaling in nascent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and VCAM1 additionally promoted an inflammatory transcriptional program. We also established optimized medium formulations that enabled efficient and chemically defined maturation of functional CD8αβ+, CD4-, CD3+, TCRαβ+ T cells with a diverse TCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale S. Michaels
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - John M. Edgar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Matthew C. Major
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L. Castle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Carla Zimmerman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ting Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Andrew Hagner
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Charles Lau
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Han Hsuan Hsu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - M. Iliana Ibañez-Rios
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie and Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lauren J. Durland
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David J. H. F. Knapp
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie and Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter W. Zandstra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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15
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Zaidan N, Nitsche L, Diamanti E, Hannah R, Fidanza A, Wilson NK, Forrester LM, Göttgens B, Ottersbach K. Endothelial-specific Gata3 expression is required for hematopoietic stem cell generation. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1788-1798. [PMID: 35905741 PMCID: PMC9391417 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To generate sufficient numbers of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro, a detailed understanding of how this process takes place in vivo is essential. The endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT), which culminates in the production of the first HSCs, is a highly complex process during which key regulators are switched on and off at precise moments, and that is embedded into a myriad of microenvironmental signals from surrounding cells and tissues. We have previously demonstrated an HSC-supportive function for GATA3 within the sympathetic nervous system and the sub-aortic mesenchyme, but show here that it also plays a cell-intrinsic role during the EHT. It is expressed in hemogenic endothelial cells and early HSC precursors, where its expression correlates with a more quiescent state. Importantly, endothelial-specific deletion of Gata3 shows that it is functionally required for these cells to mature into HSCs, placing GATA3 at the core of the EHT regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Zaidan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Leslie Nitsche
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Evangelia Diamanti
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Rebecca Hannah
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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16
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Rossi G, Giger S, Hübscher T, Lutolf MP. Gastruloids as in vitro models of embryonic blood development with spatial and temporal resolution. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13380. [PMID: 35927563 PMCID: PMC9352713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastruloids are three-dimensional embryonic organoids that reproduce key features of early mammalian development in vitro with unique scalability, accessibility, and spatiotemporal similarity to real embryos. Recently, we adapted the gastruloid culture conditions to promote cardiovascular development. In this work, we extended these conditions to capture features of embryonic blood development through a combination of immunophenotyping, detailed transcriptomics analysis, and identification of blood stem/progenitor cell potency. We uncovered the emergence of blood progenitor and erythroid-like cell populations in late gastruloids and showed the multipotent clonogenic capacity of these cells, both in vitro and after transplantation into irradiated mice. We also identified the spatial localization near a vessel-like plexus in the anterior portion of gastruloids with similarities to the emergence of blood stem cells in the mouse embryo. These results highlight the potential and applicability of gastruloids to the in vitro study of complex processes in embryonic blood development with spatiotemporal fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Rossi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja Giger
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Hübscher
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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17
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Kapeni C, Nitsche L, Kilpatrick AM, Wilson NK, Xia K, Mirshekar-Syahkal B, Chandrakanthan V, Malouf C, Pimanda JE, Göttgens B, Kirschner K, Tomlinson SR, Ottersbach K. p57Kip2 regulates embryonic blood stem cells by controlling sympathoadrenal progenitor expansion. Blood 2022; 140:464-477. [PMID: 35653588 PMCID: PMC9353151 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are of major clinical importance, and finding methods for their in vitro generation is a prime research focus. We show here that the cell cycle inhibitor p57Kip2/Cdkn1c limits the number of emerging HSCs by restricting the size of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the amount of HSC-supportive catecholamines secreted by these cells. This regulation occurs at the SNS progenitor level and is in contrast to the cell-intrinsic function of p57Kip2 in maintaining adult HSCs, highlighting profound differences in cell cycle requirements of adult HSCs compared with their embryonic counterparts. Furthermore, this effect is specific to the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region and shows that the AGM is the main contributor to early fetal liver colonization, as early fetal liver HSC numbers are equally affected. Using a range of antagonists in vivo, we show a requirement for intact β2-adrenergic signaling for SNS-dependent HSC expansion. To gain further molecular insights, we have generated a single-cell RNA-sequencing data set of all Ngfr+ sympathoadrenal cells around the dorsal aorta to dissect their differentiation pathway. Importantly, this not only defined the relevant p57Kip2-expressing SNS progenitor stage but also revealed that some neural crest cells, upon arrival at the aorta, are able to take an alternative differentiation pathway, giving rise to a subset of ventrally restricted mesenchymal cells that express important HSC-supportive factors. Neural crest cells thus appear to contribute to the AGM HSC niche via 2 different mechanisms: SNS-mediated catecholamine secretion and HSC-supportive mesenchymal cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysa Kapeni
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie Nitsche
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair M Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kankan Xia
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bahar Mirshekar-Syahkal
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vashe Chandrakanthan
- School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Camille Malouf
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John E Pimanda
- School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Institute of Cancer Sciences and
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Tomlinson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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18
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Ho VW, Grainger DE, Chagraoui H, Porcher C. Specification of the haematopoietic stem cell lineage: From blood-fated mesodermal angioblasts to haemogenic endothelium. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 127:59-67. [PMID: 35125239 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells emerge from specialized haemogenic endothelial cells in select vascular beds during embryonic development. Specification and commitment to the blood lineage, however, occur before endothelial cells are endowed with haemogenic competence, at the time of mesoderm patterning and production of endothelial cell progenitors (angioblasts). Whilst early blood cell fate specification has long been recognized, very little is known about the mechanisms that induce endothelial cell diversification and progressive acquisition of a blood identity by a subset of these cells. Here, we review the endothelial origin of the haematopoietic system and the complex developmental journey of blood-fated angioblasts. We discuss how recent technological advances will be instrumental to examine the diversity of the embryonic anatomical niches, signaling pathways and downstream epigenetic and transcriptional processes controlling endothelial cell heterogeneity and blood cell fate specification. Ultimately, this will give essential insights into the ontogeny of the cells giving rise to haematopoietic stem cells, that may aid in the development of novel strategies for their in vitro production for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien W Ho
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David E Grainger
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hedia Chagraoui
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine Porcher
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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19
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Wang N, Chen C, Cheng Y, Fu Y, Zhong Z, Yang Y, Lv L, Chen H, Huang J, Duan Y. Hypoxia drives hematopoiesis with the enhancement of T lineage through eliciting arterial specification of hematopoietic endothelial progenitors from hESC. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:282. [PMID: 35765115 PMCID: PMC9241298 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic stem cells are able to self-renew and differentiate into all blood cell lineages. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a mainstay of life-saving therapy for hematopoietic malignancies and hypoproliferative disorders. In vitro hematopoietic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a promising approach for modeling hematopoietic development and cell replacement therapies. Although using hPSCs to derive hematopoietic progenitor cells has achieved some successes in the past, differentiation from hPSCs to produce all hematopoietic cells which can provide robust long-term multilineage engraftment is still very difficult. Here, we reported a novel culture system for hematopoietic differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with optimal cytokines combinations under hypoxia condition. Methods In vitro production of T lineage hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from hESCs by using hypoxia differentiation system, the effects and the potential mechanism of hypoxia promoting T lineage hematopoiesis were investigated by RT-qPCR validation, cell cycle assay and flow cytometry analysis. Results Using our differentiation system, almost 80% CD45+ cells generated from hESCs were hematopoietic cells and particularly could be further induced into CD3+TCRαβ+ T cells in vitro. We detected more CD34+CD144+ hematopoietic endothelial progenitors (HEPs) induced from hESCs than those in normoxia conditions, and the early HEPs-related gene DLL4 was upregulated by enhancing the hypoxia signaling via potential HIF-1α/NOTCH1/DLL4 axis to enhance arterial feature, thus drove T lineage during the hematopoiesis. Strikingly, hematopoietic cells generated in our system exhibited the potential for all multilineage reconstruction including lymphoid, myeloid and erythroid lineages in vivo by transplantation assay. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that hypoxia plays an important role in T lineage hematopoiesis by promoting the expression of arterial endothelial gene DLL4 and upregulation of NOTCH1 through the activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway. These results provide a significant approach for in vitro and in vivo production of fully functional hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from hESCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02967-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, No.382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuxin Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Fu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, No.382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, No.382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Lv
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honglin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, No.382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, USA. .,Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, No.382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Fluid mechanics of the zebrafish embryonic heart trabeculation. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010142. [PMID: 35666714 PMCID: PMC9203006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic heart development is a mechanosensitive process, where specific fluid forces are needed for the correct development, and abnormal mechanical stimuli can lead to malformations. It is thus important to understand the nature of embryonic heart fluid forces. However, the fluid dynamical behaviour close to the embryonic endocardial surface is very sensitive to the geometry and motion dynamics of fine-scale cardiac trabecular surface structures. Here, we conducted image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to quantify the fluid mechanics associated with the zebrafish embryonic heart trabeculae. To capture trabecular geometric and motion details, we used a fish line that expresses fluorescence at the endocardial cell membrane, and high resolution 3D confocal microscopy. Our endocardial wall shear stress (WSS) results were found to exceed those reported in existing literature, which were estimated using myocardial rather than endocardial boundaries. By conducting simulations of single intra-trabecular spaces under varied scenarios, where the translational or deformational motions (caused by contraction) were removed, we found that a squeeze flow effect was responsible for most of the WSS magnitude in the intra-trabecular spaces, rather than the shear interaction with the flow in the main ventricular chamber. We found that trabecular structures were responsible for the high spatial variability of the magnitude and oscillatory nature of WSS, and for reducing the endocardial deformational burden. We further found cells attached to the endocardium within the intra-trabecular spaces, which were likely embryonic hemogenic cells, whose presence increased endocardial WSS. Overall, our results suggested that a complex multi-component consideration of both anatomic features and motion dynamics were needed to quantify the trabeculated embryonic heart fluid mechanics. In the embryonic heart, the mechanical forces that blood fluid imposes on the cardiac tissues are known to be important biological stimuli that affect the proper heart development. We thus perform careful quantification of these forces, using the zebrafish embryo as a model. To do this, we perform high resolution imaging of zebrafish embryonic hearts and image-based flow simulations. We find that the use of a particular fish line that expresses fluorescence at the exact boundary between heart tissue and blood, that is the endocardial cell membrane boundary, is important to give high quality results. The heart’s inner surface has uneven trabeculation structures. We find that they cause fluid forces to have spatial variability and an oscillatory nature. We also find that there is a squeezing motion of cardiac tissues on the trabeculation fluid spaces, which is the main mechanism that generated fluid forces. Fluid forces are also affected by a number of cardiac cells that were developing into blood cells, lodged in the trabeculation fluid spaces. Our investigations provide an understanding of the complexity of the fluid forces on the inner surface of the embryonic heart, and our quantifications will be useful to future studies on the biology elicited by these fluid forces.
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21
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One Size Does Not Fit All: Heterogeneity in Developmental Hematopoiesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061061. [PMID: 35326511 PMCID: PMC8947200 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the complexity of the developing hematopoietic system has dramatically expanded over the course of the last few decades. We now know that, while hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) firmly reside at the top of the adult hematopoietic hierarchy, multiple HSC-independent progenitor populations play variegated and fundamental roles during fetal life, which reflect on adult physiology and can lead to disease if subject to perturbations. The importance of obtaining a high-resolution picture of the mechanisms by which the developing embryo establishes a functional hematopoietic system is demonstrated by many recent indications showing that ontogeny is a primary determinant of function of multiple critical cell types. This review will specifically focus on exploring the diversity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells unique to embryonic and fetal life. We will initially examine the evidence demonstrating heterogeneity within the hemogenic endothelium, precursor to all definitive hematopoietic cells. Next, we will summarize the dynamics and characteristics of the so-called "hematopoietic waves" taking place during vertebrate development. For each of these waves, we will define the cellular identities of their components, the extent and relevance of their respective contributions as well as potential drivers of heterogeneity.
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22
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Weijts B, Yvernogeau L, Robin C. Recent Advances in Developmental Hematopoiesis: Diving Deeper With New Technologies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790379. [PMID: 34899758 PMCID: PMC8652083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The journey of a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) involves the passage through successive anatomical sites where HSCs are in direct contact with their surrounding microenvironment, also known as niche. These spatial and temporal cellular interactions throughout development are required for the acquisition of stem cell properties, and for maintaining the HSC pool through balancing self-renewal, quiescence and lineage commitment. Understanding the context and consequences of these interactions will be imperative for our understanding of HSC biology and will lead to the improvement of in vitro production of HSCs for clinical purposes. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is in this light of particular interest since this is the cradle of HSC emergence during the embryonic development of all vertebrate species. In this review, we will focus on the developmental origin of HSCs and will discuss the novel technological approaches and recent progress made to identify the cellular composition of the HSC supportive niche and the underlying molecular events occurring in the AGM region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Weijts
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Yvernogeau
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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23
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Howell ED, Yzaguirre AD, Gao P, Lis R, He B, Lakadamyali M, Rafii S, Tan K, Speck NA. Efficient hemogenic endothelial cell specification by RUNX1 is dependent on baseline chromatin accessibility of RUNX1-regulated TGFβ target genes. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1475-1489. [PMID: 34675061 PMCID: PMC8559682 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348738.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Howell et al. found that the ability of RUNX1 to promote endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) depends on its ability to recruit the TGFβ signaling effectors AP-1 and SMAD2/3, which in turn is determined by the changing chromatin landscape in embryonic versus fetal ECs. Their work provides insight into the regulation of EndoMT and EHT that will guide reprogramming efforts for clinical applications. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are generated de novo in the embryo from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) via an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) that requires the transcription factor RUNX1. Ectopic expression of RUNX1 alone can efficiently promote EHT and HSPC formation from embryonic endothelial cells (ECs), but less efficiently from fetal or adult ECs. Efficiency correlated with baseline accessibility of TGFβ-related genes associated with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and participation of AP-1 and SMAD2/3 to initiate further chromatin remodeling along with RUNX1 at these sites. Activation of TGFβ signaling improved the efficiency with which RUNX1 specified fetal ECs as HECs. Thus, the ability of RUNX1 to promote EHT depends on its ability to recruit the TGFβ signaling effectors AP-1 and SMAD2/3, which in turn is determined by the changing chromatin landscape in embryonic versus fetal ECs. This work provides insight into regulation of EndoMT and EHT that will guide reprogramming efforts for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Howell
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Amanda D Yzaguirre
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Raphael Lis
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Bing He
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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24
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Duguid A, Mattiucci D, Ottersbach K. Infant leukaemia - faithful models, cell of origin and the niche. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049189. [PMID: 34713888 PMCID: PMC8560498 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients and their families, the diagnosis of infant leukaemia is devastating. This disease has not seen the improvements in outcomes experienced with other paediatric leukaemias and it is becoming ever more apparent that infant leukaemia is a distinct biological entity. Insights into some of the distinguishing features of infant leukaemia, such as a single mutation - the MLL-gene rearrangement, the biology of disease aggressiveness and lineage plasticity, and the high incidence of central nervous system involvement, are likely to be gained from understanding the interactions between leukaemic cells and their environment or niche. The origins of infant leukaemia lie in the embryonic haematopoietic system, which is characterised by shifting locations and dynamic changes in the microenvironment. Understanding this foetal or embryonic context is integral to understanding infant leukaemia development. Owing to its rarity and prenatal origins, developing accurate modelling systems for further investigation of infant leukaemia is essential. In this Review, we discuss how available in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo infant leukaemia models contribute to our current understanding of the leukaemia niche in embryonic development, established disease and specialised non-haematopoietic niches. The mechanistic insights provided by accurate models will help identify viable novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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25
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Karlsson G, Sommarin MNE, Böiers C. Defining the Emerging Blood System During Development at Single-Cell Resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660350. [PMID: 34055791 PMCID: PMC8158578 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental hematopoiesis differs from adult and is far less described. In the developing embryo, waves of lineage-restricted blood precede the ultimate emergence of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (dHSCs) capable of maintaining hematopoiesis throughout life. During the last two decades, the advent of single-cell genomics has provided tools to circumvent previously impeding characteristics of embryonic hematopoiesis, such as cell heterogeneity and rare cell states, allowing for definition of lineage trajectories, cellular hierarchies, and cell-type specification. The field has rapidly advanced from microfluidic platforms and targeted gene expression analysis, to high throughput unbiased single-cell transcriptomic profiling, single-cell chromatin analysis, and cell tracing-offering a plethora of tools to resolve important questions within hematopoietic development. Here, we describe how these technologies have been implemented to address a wide range of aspects of embryonic hematopoiesis ranging from the gene regulatory network of dHSC formation via endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT) and how EHT can be recapitulated in vitro, to hematopoietic trajectories and cell fate decisions. Together, these studies have important relevance for regenerative medicine and for our understanding of genetic blood disorders and childhood leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlotta Böiers
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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26
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Nelson EA, Qiu J, Chavkin NW, Hirschi KK. Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2021:10.3791/62391. [PMID: 33871448 PMCID: PMC8675434 DOI: 10.3791/62391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are ubiquitously distributed within all tissues of the body and perform diverse functions. Thus, derivation of mature vascular endothelial cells, which line blood vessel lumens, from human pluripotent stem cells is crucial for a multitude of tissue engineering and regeneration applications. In vivo, primordial endothelial cells are derived from the mesodermal lineage and are specified toward specific subtypes, including arterial, venous, capillary, hemogenic, and lymphatic. Hemogenic endothelial cells are of particular interest because, during development, they give rise to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which then generate all blood lineages throughout life. Thus, creating a system to generate hemogenic endothelial cells in vitro would provide an opportunity to study endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, and may lead to ex vivo production of human blood products and reduced reliance on human donors. While several protocols exist for the derivation of progenitor and primordial endothelial cells, generation of well-characterized hemogenic endothelial cells from human stem cells has not been described. Here, a method for the derivation of hemogenic endothelial cells from human embryonic stem cells in approximately 1 week is presented: a differentiation protocol with primitive streak cells formed in response to GSK3β inhibitor (CHIR99021), then mesoderm lineage induction mediated by bFGF, followed by primordial endothelial cell development promoted by BMP4 and VEGF-A, and finally hemogenic endothelial cell specification induced by retinoic acid. This protocol yields a well-defined population of hemogenic endothelial cells that can be used to further understand their molecular regulation and endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, which has the potential to be applied to downstream therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Nelson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| | - Jingyao Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Nicholas W Chavkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine;
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27
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Efficient Generation of iPSC-Derived Hematoendothelial Progenitors and Specification Toward T cell Lineage. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2454:423-442. [PMID: 33755900 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the major obstacles for adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of T cells is the loss of effector function and proliferative ability of isolated antigen-specific T cells after prolonged ex vivo expansion. To overcome this issue, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which have unlimited proliferation and differentiation potential, can be used to generate a large number of antigen-specific T cells. Here, we describe an efficient differentiation protocol for the generation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells from human T cell-derived iPSCs (T-iPSCs). The protocol consists of three main steps including differentiation of T-iPSCs toward hematoendothelial progenitors (HEPs), co-culture of HEPs with OP9-DL1 cells, and stimulation of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling to obtain CD8 single-positive (SP) T cells. This culture system is simple and efficient; therefore, will offer a powerful tool for studying T cell development and applications in adoptive immunotherapy.
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28
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Mosteo L, Storer J, Batta K, Searle EJ, Duarte D, Wiseman DH. The Dynamic Interface Between the Bone Marrow Vascular Niche and Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Myeloid Malignancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:635189. [PMID: 33777944 PMCID: PMC7991089 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.635189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells interact with bone marrow niches, including highly specialized blood vessels. Recent studies have revealed the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of bone marrow endothelial cells. This has facilitated the analysis of the vascular microenvironment in steady state and malignant hematopoiesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the bone marrow microenvironment, focusing on refined analyses of the marrow vascular compartment performed in mouse studies. We also discuss the emerging role of the vascular niche in “inflamm-aging” and clonal hematopoiesis, and how the endothelial microenvironment influences, supports and interacts with hematopoietic cells in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as exemplar states of malignant myelopoiesis. Finally, we provide an overview of strategies for modulating these bidirectional interactions to therapeutic effect in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mosteo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joanna Storer
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran Batta
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J Searle
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Delfim Duarte
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Instituto Português de Oncologia (IPO)-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel H Wiseman
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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29
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Horton PD, Dumbali SP, Bhanu KR, Diaz MF, Wenzel PL. Biomechanical Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Developing Embryo. CURRENT TISSUE MICROENVIRONMENT REPORTS 2021; 2:1-15. [PMID: 33937868 PMCID: PMC8087251 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-020-00027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The contribution of biomechanical forces to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development in the embryo is a relatively nascent area of research. Herein, we address the biomechanics of the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT), impact of force on organelles, and signaling triggered by extrinsic forces within the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM), the primary site of HSC emergence. RECENT FINDINGS Hemogenic endothelial cells undergo carefully orchestrated morphological adaptations during EHT. Moreover, expansion of the stem cell pool during embryogenesis requires HSC extravasation into the circulatory system and transit to the fetal liver, which is regulated by forces generated by blood flow. Findings from other cell types also suggest that forces external to the cell are sensed by the nucleus and mitochondria. Interactions between these organelles and the actin cytoskeleton dictate processes such as cell polarization, extrusion, division, survival, and differentiation. SUMMARY Despite challenges of measuring and modeling biophysical cues in the embryonic HSC niche, the past decade has revealed critical roles for mechanotransduction in governing HSC fate decisions. Lessons learned from the study of the embryonic hematopoietic niche promise to provide critical insights that could be leveraged for improvement in HSC generation and expansion ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina D. Horton
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sandeep P. Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krithikaa Rajkumar Bhanu
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miguel F. Diaz
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela L. Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Weinreb JT, Ghazale N, Pradhan K, Gupta V, Potts KS, Tricomi B, Daniels NJ, Padgett RA, De Oliveira S, Verma A, Bowman TV. Excessive R-loops trigger an inflammatory cascade leading to increased HSPC production. Dev Cell 2021; 56:627-640.e5. [PMID: 33651979 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise during embryonic development and are essential for sustaining the blood and immune systems throughout life. Tight regulation of HSPC numbers is critical for hematopoietic homeostasis. Here, we identified DEAD-box helicase 41 (Ddx41) as a gatekeeper of HSPC production. Using zebrafish ddx41 mutants, we unveiled a critical role for this helicase in regulating HSPC production at the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. We determined that Ddx41 suppresses the accumulation of R-loops, nucleic acid structures consisting of RNA:DNA hybrids and ssDNAs whose equilibrium is essential for cellular fitness. Excess R-loop levels in ddx41 mutants triggered the cGAS-STING inflammatory pathway leading to increased numbers of hemogenic endothelium and HSPCs. Elevated R-loop accumulation and inflammatory signaling were observed in human cells with decreased DDX41, suggesting possible conservation of mechanism. These findings delineate that precise regulation of R-loop levels during development is critical for limiting cGAS-STING activity and HSPC numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Weinreb
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Noura Ghazale
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kith Pradhan
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Varun Gupta
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn S Potts
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Brad Tricomi
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Noah J Daniels
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard A Padgett
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sofia De Oliveira
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine (Hepatology) and Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Teresa V Bowman
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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31
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Neo WH, Lie-A-Ling M, Fadlullah MZH, Lacaud G. Contributions of Embryonic HSC-Independent Hematopoiesis to Organogenesis and the Adult Hematopoietic System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631699. [PMID: 33681211 PMCID: PMC7930747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During ontogeny, the establishment of the hematopoietic system takes place in several phases, separated both in time and location. The process is initiated extra-embryonically in the yolk sac (YS) and concludes in the main arteries of the embryo with the formation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Initially, it was thought that HSC-independent hematopoietic YS cells were transient, and only required to bridge the gap to HSC activity. However, in recent years it has become clear that these cells also contribute to embryonic organogenesis, including the emergence of HSCs. Furthermore, some of these early HSC-independent YS cells persist into adulthood as distinct hematopoietic populations. These previously unrecognized abilities of embryonic HSC-independent hematopoietic cells constitute a new field of interest. Here, we aim to provide a succinct overview of the current knowledge regarding the contribution of YS-derived hematopoietic cells to the development of the embryo and the adult hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao Neo
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lie-A-Ling
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Georges Lacaud
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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32
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Cazzola A, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Meneveri R, Brunelli S, Azzoni E. Prenatal Origin of Pediatric Leukemia: Lessons From Hematopoietic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618164. [PMID: 33511126 PMCID: PMC7835397 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that childhood leukemia, the most common cancer in young age, originates during in utero development. However, our knowledge of the cellular origin of this large and heterogeneous group of malignancies is still incomplete. The identification and characterization of their cell of origin is of crucial importance in order to define the processes that initiate and sustain disease progression, to refine faithful animal models and to identify novel therapeutic approaches. During embryogenesis, hematopoiesis takes place at different anatomical sites in sequential waves, and occurs in both a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-dependent and a HSC-independent fashion. Despite the recently described relevance and complexity of HSC-independent hematopoiesis, few studies have so far investigated its potential involvement in leukemogenesis. Here, we review the current knowledge on prenatal origin of leukemias in the context of recent insights in developmental hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cazzola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Pediatrics, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Meneveri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brunelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Azzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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33
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Seco P, Martins GG, Jacinto A, Tavares AT. A Bird's Eye View on the Origin of Aortic Hemogenic Endothelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:605274. [PMID: 33330505 PMCID: PMC7717972 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.605274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During early embryogenesis, the hemogenic endothelium of the developing dorsal aorta is the main source of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which will generate all blood cell lineages of the adult organism. The hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) of the dorsal aorta are known to arise from the splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm. However, the specific cell lineages and developmental paths that give rise to aortic HECs are still unclear. Over the past half a century, the scientific debate on the origin of aortic HECs and HSCs has largely focused on two potential and apparently alternative birthplaces, the extraembryonic yolk sac blood islands and the intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm. However, as we argue, both yolk sac blood islands and aortic HECs may have a common hemangioblastic origin. Further insight into aortic HEC development is being gained from fate-mapping studies that address the identity of progenitor cell lineages, rather than their physical location within the developing embryo. In this perspective article, we discuss the current knowledge on the origin of aortic HECs with a particular focus on the evidence provided by studies in the avian embryo, a model that pioneered the field of developmental hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Seco
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriel G Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Jacinto
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Tavares
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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34
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Andueza A, Kumar S, Kim J, Kang DW, Mumme HL, Perez JI, Villa-Roel N, Jo H. Endothelial Reprogramming by Disturbed Flow Revealed by Single-Cell RNA and Chromatin Accessibility Study. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108491. [PMID: 33326796 PMCID: PMC7801938 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed flow (d-flow) induces atherosclerosis by regulating gene expression in endothelial cells (ECs). For further mechanistic understanding, we carried out a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and scATAC-seq study using endothelial-enriched single cells from the left- and right carotid artery exposed to d-flow (LCA) and stable-flow (s-flow in RCA) using the mouse partial carotid ligation (PCL) model. We find eight EC clusters along with immune cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Analyses of marker genes, pathways, and pseudotime reveal that ECs are highly heterogeneous and plastic. D-flow induces a dramatic transition of ECs from atheroprotective phenotypes to pro-inflammatory cells, mesenchymal (EndMT) cells, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial stem/progenitor cells, and an unexpected immune cell-like (EndICLT) phenotypes. While confirming KLF4/KLF2 as an s-flow-sensitive transcription factor binding site, we also find those sensitive to d-flow (RELA, AP1, STAT1, and TEAD1). D-flow reprograms ECs from atheroprotective to proatherogenic phenotypes, including EndMT and potentially EndICLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Andueza
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juyoung Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hope L Mumme
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julian I Perez
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicolas Villa-Roel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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35
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Yu X, Sun P, Huang X, Chen H, Huang W, Ruan Y, Jiang W, Tan X, Liu Z. RNA-seq reveals tight junction-relevant erythropoietic fate induced by OCT4 in human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:454. [PMID: 33109258 PMCID: PMC7590701 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (hHFMSCs) isolated from hair follicles possess multilineage differentiation potential. OCT4 is a gene critically associated with pluripotency properties. The cell morphology and adhesion of hHFMSCs significantly changed after transduction of OCT4 and two subpopulations emerged, including adherent cells and floating cell. Floating cells cultured in hematopoietic induction medium and stimulated with erythropoetic growth factors could transdifferentiate into mature erythrocytes, whereas adherent cells formed negligible hematopoietic colonies. The aim of this study was to reveal the role of cell morphology and adhesion on erythropoiesis induced by OCT4 in hHFMSCs and to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Floating cell was separated from adherent cell by centrifugation of the upper medium during cell culture. Cell size was observed through flow cytometry and cell adhesion was tested by disassociation and adhesion assays. RNA sequencing was performed to detect genome-wide transcriptomes and identify differentially expressed genes. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to analysis the functions and pathways enriched by differentially expressed genes. The expression of tight junction core members was verified by qPCR and Western blot. A regulatory network was constructed to figure out the relationship between cell adhesin, cytoskeleton, pluripotency, and hematopoiesis. RESULTS The overexpression of OCT4 influenced the morphology and adhesion of hHFMSCs. Transcripts in floating cells and adherent cells are quite different. Data analysis showed that upregulated genes in floating cells were mainly related to pluripotency, germ layer development (including hematopoiesis lineage development), and downregulated genes were mainly related to cell adhesion, cell junctions, and the cytoskeleton. Most molecules of the tight junction (TJ) pathway were downregulated and molecular homeostasis of the TJ was disturbed, as CLDNs were disrupted, and JAMs and TJPs were upregulated. The dynamic expression of cell adhesion-related gene E-cadherin and cytoskeleton-related gene ACTN2 might cause different morphology and adhesion. Finally, a regulatory network centered to OCT4 was constructed, which elucidated that he TJ pathway critically bridges pluripotency and hematopoiesis in a TJP1-dependent way. CONCLUSIONS Regulations of cell morphology and adhesion via the TJ pathway conducted by OCT4 might modulate hematopoiesis in hHFMSCs, thus developing potential mechanism of erythropoiesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Yu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Pengpeng Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Center Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Xingang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.,Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Yingchun Ruan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Weina Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China.
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36
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Garcia-Gonzalez I, Mühleder S, Fernández-Chacón M, Benedito R. Genetic Tools to Study Cardiovascular Biology. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1084. [PMID: 33071802 PMCID: PMC7541935 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in biomedical science is tightly associated with the improvement of methods and genetic tools to manipulate and analyze gene function in mice, the most widely used model organism in biomedical research. The joint effort of numerous individual laboratories and consortiums has contributed to the creation of a large genetic resource that enables scientists to image cells, probe signaling pathways activities, or modify a gene function in any desired cell type or time point, à la carte. However, as these tools significantly increase in number and become more sophisticated, it is more difficult to keep track of each tool's possibilities and understand their advantages and disadvantages. Knowing the best currently available genetic technology to answer a particular biological question is key to reach a higher standard in biomedical research. In this review, we list and discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of available mammalian genetic technology to analyze cardiovascular cell biology at higher cellular and molecular resolution. We start with the most simple and classical genetic approaches and end with the most advanced technology available to fluorescently label cells, conditionally target their genes, image their clonal expansion, and decode their lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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37
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Lacaud G. Decoding hematopoietic stem cells' birth. Blood 2020; 136:775-776. [PMID: 32790854 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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38
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Antunes ETB, Ottersbach K. The MLL/SET family and haematopoiesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194579. [PMID: 32389825 PMCID: PMC7294230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As demonstrated through early work in Drosophila, members of the MLL/SET family play essential roles during embryonic development through their participation in large protein complexes that are central to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. One of its members, MLL1, has additionally received a lot of attention as it is a potent oncogenic driver in different types of leukaemia when aberrantly fused to a large variety of partners as a result of chromosomal translocations. Its exclusive association with cancers of the haematopoietic system has prompted a large number of investigations into the role of MLL/SET proteins in haematopoiesis, a summary of which was attempted in this review. Interestingly, MLL-rearranged leukaemias are particularly prominent in infant and paediatric leukaemia, which commonly initiate in utero. This, together with the known function of MLL/SET proteins in embryonic development, has focussed research efforts in recent years on understanding the role of this protein family in developmental haematopoiesis and how this may be subverted by MLL oncofusions in infant leukaemia. A detailed understanding of these prenatal events is essential for the development of new treatments that improve the survival specifically of this very young patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T B Antunes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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39
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Zhao Y, Shi Y, Shen H, Xie W. m 6A-binding proteins: the emerging crucial performers in epigenetics. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:35. [PMID: 32276589 PMCID: PMC7146974 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a well-known post-transcriptional modification that is the most common type of methylation in eukaryotic mRNAs. The regulation of m6A is dynamic and reversible, which is erected by m6A methyltransferases ("writers") and removed by m6A demethylases ("erasers"). Notably, the effects on targeted mRNAs resulted by m6A predominantly depend on the functions of different m6A-binding proteins ("readers") including YT521-B homology (YTH) domain family, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (HNRNPs), and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs). Indeed, m6A readers not only participate in multiple procedures of RNA metabolism, but also are involved in a variety of biological processes. In this review, we summarized the specific functions and underlying mechanisms of m6A-binding proteins in tumorigenesis, hematopoiesis, virus replication, immune response, and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanfei Shi
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafei Shen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanzhuo Xie
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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40
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Wang H, Wang M, Wang Y, Wen Y, Chen X, Wu D, Su P, Zhou W, Shi L, Zhou J. MSX2 suppression through inhibition of TGFβ signaling enhances hematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:147. [PMID: 32248833 PMCID: PMC7132876 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strategies of generating functional blood cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) remain largely unsuccessful due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of hematopoietic development. Endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) serves as the pivotal mechanism for the onset of hematopoiesis and is negatively regulated by TGF-β signaling. However, little is known about the underlying details of TGF-β signaling during EHT. Methods In this study, by applying genome-wide gene profiling, we identified muscle segment homeobox2 (MSX2) as a potential mediator of TGF-β signaling during EHT. We generated MSX2-deleted human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and induced them to undergo hematopoietic differentiation. The role of MSX2 in hematopoiesis and functional regulation of TGFβ signaling in EHT was studied. Results We identified MSX2 as a novel regulator of human hematopoiesis. MSX2 deletion promotes the production of hematopoietic cells from hESCs. Functional and bioinformatics studies further demonstrated that MSX2 deletion augments hematopoietic differentiation of hESCs by facilitating EHT. Mechanistically, MSX2 acts as a downstream target of TGFβ signaling to mediate its function during EHT. Conclusions Our results not only improve the understanding of EHT, but may also provide novel insight into the efficient production of functional blood cells from hPSCs for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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41
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Lie-a-ling M, Mevel R, Patel R, Blyth K, Baena E, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. RUNX1 Dosage in Development and Cancer. Mol Cells 2020; 43:126-138. [PMID: 31991535 PMCID: PMC7057845 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor RUNX1 first came to prominence due to its involvement in the t(8;21) translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Since this discovery, RUNX1 has been shown to play important roles not only in leukemia but also in the ontogeny of the normal hematopoietic system. Although it is currently still challenging to fully assess the different parameters regulating RUNX1 dosage, it has become clear that the dose of RUNX1 can greatly affect both leukemia and normal hematopoietic development. It is also becoming evident that varying levels of RUNX1 expression can be used as markers of tumor progression not only in the hematopoietic system, but also in non-hematopoietic cancers. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the effects of RUNX1 dosage in normal development of both hematopoietic and epithelial tissues and their associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lie-a-ling
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, SK0 4TG, UK
| | - Renaud Mevel
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, SK0 4TG, UK
| | - Rahima Patel
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, SK0 4TG, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Esther Baena
- Cancer Research UK Prostate Oncobiology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, SK10 TG, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Macclesfield, SK0 4TG, UK
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42
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Fitch SR, Kapeni C, Tsitsopoulou A, Wilson NK, Göttgens B, de Bruijn MF, Ottersbach K. Gata3 targets Runx1 in the embryonic haematopoietic stem cell niche. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:45-52. [PMID: 31634421 PMCID: PMC6973286 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Runx1 is an important haematopoietic transcription factor as stressed by its involvement in a number of haematological malignancies. Furthermore, it is a key regulator of the emergence of the first haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during development. The transcription factor Gata3 has also been linked to haematological disease and was shown to promote HSC production in the embryo by inducing the secretion of important niche factors. Both proteins are expressed in several different cell types within the aorta-gonads-mesonephros (AGM) region, in which the first HSCs are generated; however, a direct interaction between these two key transcription factors in the context of embryonic HSC production has not formally been demonstrated. In this current study, we have detected co-localisation of Runx1 and Gata3 in rare sub-aortic mesenchymal cells in the AGM. Furthermore, the expression of Runx1 is reduced in Gata3 -/- embryos, which also display a shift in HSC emergence. Using an AGM-derived cell line as a model for the stromal microenvironment in the AGM and performing ChIP-Seq and ChIP-on-chip experiments, we demonstrate that Runx1, together with other key niche factors, is a direct target gene of Gata3. In addition, we can pinpoint Gata3 binding to the Runx1 locus at specific enhancer elements which are active in the microenvironment. These results reveal a direct interaction between Gata3 and Runx1 in the niche that supports embryonic HSCs and highlight a dual role for Runx1 in driving the transdifferentiation of haemogenic endothelial cells into HSCs as well as in the stromal cells that support this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R. Fitch
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Chrysa Kapeni
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Nicola K. Wilson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marella F. de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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43
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In vivo generation of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow-derived haemogenic endothelium. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1334-1345. [PMID: 31685991 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are generated from a transient subset of specialized endothelial cells termed haemogenic, present in the yolk sac, placenta and aorta, through an endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT). HSPC generation via EHT is thought to be restricted to the early stages of development. By using experimental embryology and genetic approaches in birds and mice, respectively, we document here the discovery of a bone marrow haemogenic endothelium in the late fetus/young adult. These cells are capable of de novo producing a cohort of HSPCs in situ that harbour a very specific molecular signature close to that of aortic endothelial cells undergoing EHT or their immediate progenies, i.e., recently emerged HSPCs. Taken together, our results reveal that HSPCs can be generated de novo past embryonic stages. Understanding the molecular events controlling this production will be critical for devising innovative therapies.
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44
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Daniel MG, Rapp K, Schaniel C, Moore KA. Induction of developmental hematopoiesis mediated by transcription factors and the hematopoietic microenvironment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1466:59-72. [PMID: 31621095 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The induction of hematopoiesis in various cell types via transcription factor (TF) reprogramming has been demonstrated by several strategies. The eventual goal of these approaches is to generate a product for unmet needs in hematopoietic cell transplantation therapies. The most successful strategies hew closely to clues provided from developmental hematopoiesis in terms of factor expression and environmental cues. In this review, we aim to summarize the TFs that play important roles in developmental hematopoiesis primarily and to also touch on adult hematopoiesis. Several aspects of cellular and molecular biology coalesce in this process, with TFs and surrounding cellular signals playing a major role in the overall development of the hematopoietic lineage. We attempt to put these elements into the context of reprogramming and highlight their roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Daniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Katrina Rapp
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Kateri A Moore
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
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