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Bello-Álvarez C, Etxeberria A, Polo Y, Sarasua JR, Zuza E, Larrañaga A. Lactide and Ethylene Brassylate-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers and Their Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties and Interaction with Astrocytes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4656. [PMID: 36365648 PMCID: PMC9658163 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) is among the most commonly used polymers for biomedical applications thanks to its biodegradability and cytocompatibility. However, its inherent stiffness and brittleness are clearly inappropriate for the regeneration of soft tissues (e.g., neural tissue), which demands biomaterials with soft and elastomeric behavior capable of resembling the mechanical properties of the native tissue. In this work, both L- and D,L-lactide were copolymerized with ethylene brassylate, a macrolactone that represents a promising alternative to previously studied comonomers (e.g., caprolactone) due to its natural origin. The resulting copolymers showed an elastomeric behavior characterized by relatively low Young's modulus, high elongation at break and high strain recovery capacity. The thermoplastic nature of the resulting copolymers allows the incorporation of nanofillers (i.e., carbon nanotubes) that further enable the modulation of their mechanical properties. Additionally, nanostructured scaffolds were easily fabricated through a thermo-pressing process with the aid of a commercially available silicon stamp, providing geometrical cues for the adhesion and elongation of cells representative of the nervous system (i.e., astrocytes). Accordingly, the lactide and ethylene brassylate-based copolymers synthesized herein represent an interesting formulation for the development of polymeric scaffolds intended to be used in the regeneration of soft tissues, thanks to their adjustable mechanical properties, thermoplastic nature and observed cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bello-Álvarez
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Agustin Etxeberria
- Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology Department, POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yurena Polo
- Polimerbio SL, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jose-Ramon Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ester Zuza
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Advanced approaches to regenerate spinal cord injury: The development of cell and tissue engineering therapy and combinational treatments. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112529. [PMID: 34906773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) devastate event that is commonly caused by traumatic or non-traumatic events. The reinnervation of spinal cord axons is hampered through a myriad of devices counting on the damaged myelin, inflammation, glial scar, and defective inhibitory molecules. Unfortunately, an effective treatment to completely repair SCI and improve functional recovery has not been found. In this regard, strategies such as using cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and drugs have been reported to be effective for SCI recovery. Furthermore, recent advances in combinatorial treatments, which address various aspects of SCI pathophysiology, provide optimistic outcomes for spinal cord regeneration. According to the global importance of SCI, the goal of this article review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SCI, with an emphasis on the latest modes of intervention and current advanced approaches for the treatment of SCI, in conjunction with an assessment of combinatorial approaches in preclinical and clinical trials. So, this article can give scientists and clinicians' clues to help them better understand how to construct preclinical and clinical studies that could lead to a breakthrough in spinal cord regeneration.
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Mezzasalma SA, Grassi L, Grassi M. Physical and chemical properties of carbon nanotubes in view of mechanistic neuroscience investigations. Some outlook from condensed matter, materials science and physical chemistry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112480. [PMID: 34857266 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The open border between non-living and living matter, suggested by increasingly emerging fields of nanoscience interfaced to biological systems, requires a detailed knowledge of nanomaterials properties. An account of the wide spectrum of phenomena, belonging to physical chemistry of interfaces, materials science, solid state physics at the nanoscale and bioelectrochemistry, thus is acquainted for a comprehensive application of carbon nanotubes interphased with neuron cells. This review points out a number of conceptual tools to further address the ongoing advances in coupling neuronal networks with (carbon) nanotube meshworks, and to deepen the basic issues that govern a biological cell or tissue interacting with a nanomaterial. Emphasis is given here to the properties and roles of carbon nanotube systems at relevant spatiotemporal scales of individual molecules, junctions and molecular layers, as well as to the point of view of a condensed matter or materials scientist. Carbon nanotube interactions with blood-brain barrier, drug delivery, biocompatibility and functionalization issues are also regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano A Mezzasalma
- Ruder Bošković Institute, Materials Physics Division, Bijeniška cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Lund Institute for advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), Lund University, IDEON Building, Delta 5, Scheelevägen 19, 223 70 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lucia Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Liu T, Li Q, Yang S, Zhao T, Lin J, Ju T, Wen Z. CNTs-CaP/chitosan-coated AZ91D magnesium alloy extract promoted rat dorsal root ganglia neuron growth via activating ERK signalling pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:908-920. [PMID: 34296452 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid on the application of biodegradable materials such as magnesium and its alloys in neuron repair. AZ91D magnesium alloy coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and/or calcium phosphate (CaP)/chitosan (CS) was fabricated in this study. To evaluate the bioactivity of these AZ91D-based composites, the extracts were prepared by immersing samples in modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF) for 0, 2, 8, 16, 24, 34, 44, 60, or 90 days. Immunofluorescence staining for neuronal class III β-tubulin (TUJ1) revealed that both CNTs-CaP/CS-AZ91D and CaP/CS-AZ91D extracts promoted axon outgrowth of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, accompanied with increased expression of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) and growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43). Besides, the extracts increased the expression and the release of neurotrophic factors including nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). ERK signalling was activated in DRG neurons after treating with either CNTs-CaP/CS-AZ91D or CaP/CS-AZ91D extracts, and its inhibition with U0126 counteracted the beneficial effects of these extracts on DRG neuron. Overall, the extracts from these AZ91D-based composites might promote DRG neuron growth via activating ERK signalling pathway. Notably, CNTs-CaP/CS-AZ91D extracts showed a better promoting effect on neuron growth than CaP/CS-AZ91D. Assessment of ion elements showed that the addition of CNTs coating enhanced magnesium corrosion resistance and reduced the deposition of calcium and phosphorus on the surface of CaP/CS-AZ91D alloy. These findings demonstrate that CNTs-CaP/CS-AZ91D likely provide a more suitable environment for neuron growth, which suggests a potential implantable biomaterial for the treatment of nerve injury. SIGNIFICANCE: AZ91D magnesium alloy coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and/or calcium phosphate (CaP)/chitosan (CS) was fabricated and their immersion extracts were prepared using modified simulated body fluid in this study. Both extracts from CNTs-CaP/CS and CaP/CS-coated AZ91D magnesium alloy promotes rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuron growth via activating ERK signalling pathway. Notably, the addition of CNTs improves the performance of CaP/CS-AZ91D. For the first time, our research demonstrates that CNTs-CaP/CS-AZ91D likely provide a suitable environment for neuron growth, suggesting these AZ91D-based composites as potential implantable biomaterials for the treatment of nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghan Lin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Ju
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaohui Wen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang C, Li F, Qiao Z, Zeng L, Wang Z, Liu H, Ding J, Yang H. Conductive Composite Fiber with Optimized Alignment Guides Neural Regeneration under Electrical Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000604. [PMID: 33300246 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Conductivity and alignment of scaffolds are two primary factors influencing the efficacy of nerve repair. Herein, conductive composite fibers composed of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different orientation degrees are prepared by electrospinning at various rotational speeds (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 rpm), and meanwhile the synergistic promotion mechanism of aligned topography and electrical stimulation on neural regeneration is fully demonstrated. Under an optimized rotational speed of 1000 rpm, the electrospun PCL fiber exhibits orientated structure at macroscopic (mean deviation angle = 2.78°) or microscopic crystal scale (orientation degree = 0.73), decreased contact angle of 99.2° ± 4.9°, and sufficient tensile strength in both perpendicular and parallel directions to fiber axis (1.13 ± 0.15 and 5.06 ± 0.98 MPa). CNTs are introduced into the aligned fiber for further improving conductivity (15.69-178.63 S m-1 ), which is beneficial to the oriented growth of neural cells in vitro as well as the regeneration of injured sciatic nerves in vivo. On the basis of robust cell induction behavior, optimum sciatic nerve function index, and enhanced remyelination/axonal regeneration, such conductive PCL/CNTs composite fiber with optimized fiber alignment may serve as instructive candidates for promoting the scaffold- and cell-based strategies for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics The Second Hospital of Jilin University 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Feihan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Qiao
- College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Liangdan Zeng
- College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics The Second Hospital of Jilin University 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics The Second Hospital of Jilin University 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
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Song YH, Agrawal NK, Griffin JM, Schmidt CE. Recent advances in nanotherapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:38-59. [PMID: 30582938 PMCID: PMC6959132 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating and complicated condition with no cure available. The initial mechanical trauma is followed by a secondary injury characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibitory glial scar formation. Due to the limitations posed by the blood-spinal cord barrier, systemic delivery of therapeutics is challenging. Recent development of various nanoscale strategies provides exciting and promising new means of treating SCI by crossing the blood-spinal cord barrier and delivering therapeutics. As such, we discuss different nanomaterial fabrication methods and provide an overview of recent studies where nanomaterials were developed to modulate inflammatory signals, target inhibitory factors in the lesion, and promote axonal regeneration after SCI. We also review emerging areas of research such as optogenetics, immunotherapy and CRISPR-mediated genome editing where nanomaterials can provide synergistic effects in developing novel SCI therapy regimens, as well as current efforts and barriers to clinical translation of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikunj K Agrawal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan M Griffin
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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7
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Kumar S, Sarita, Nehra M, Dilbaghi N, Tankeshwar K, Kim KH. Recent advances and remaining challenges for polymeric nanocomposites in healthcare applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang J, Chen N, Ramakrishna S, Tian L, Mo X. The Effect of Plasma Treated PLGA/MWCNTs-COOH Composite Nanofibers on Nerve Cell Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9120713. [PMID: 30966009 PMCID: PMC6418518 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds which can mimic the architecture of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) are potential candidates for peripheral nerve repair application. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are used in peripheral nerve repair due to their ability to promote neurite extension and support neural network formation. In this study, surface-modified nanofibrous scaffolds composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and various ratios of carboxyl-modified MWCNTs (MWCNTs-COOH) (PC0, PC2, PC4 and PC8) were fabricated by electrospinning. The effects of MWCNTs-COOH on the fibers’ morphology, diameter distribution, mechanical properties and surface hydrophilicity were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), ImageJ software, tensile testing and water contact angle. Furthermore, air plasma treatment was applied to improve the surface hydrophilicity of the scaffolds, and the optimal treatment condition was determined in terms of surface morphology, water contact angle and PC12 cell adhesion. Plasma treated nanofibers (p-PC0, p-PC2, p-PC4 and p-PC8) under optimal treatment conditions were used for further study. PC12 cell proliferation and differentiation were both improved by the addition of MWCNTs-COOH in scaffolds. Additionally, the proliferation and maturation of Schwann cells were enhanced on scaffolds containing MWCNTs-COOH. The neurite outgrowth of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons was promoted on MWCNTs-COOH-containing scaffolds, and those cultured on p-PC8 scaffolds showed elongated neurites with a length up to 78.27 μm after 3 days culture. Our results suggested that plasma treated nanofibers under appropriate conditions were able to improve cell attachment. They also demonstrated that plasma treated scaffolds containing MWCNTs-COOH, especially the p-PC8 nanofibrous scaffold could support the proliferation, differentiation, maturation and neurite extension of PC12 cells, Schwann cells and DRG neurons. Therefore, p-PC8 could be a potential candidate for peripheral nerve regeneration application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, E3-05-14, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Nuan Chen
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, E3-05-14, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, E3-05-14, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Lingling Tian
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, E3-05-14, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Xiumei Mo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Zhang J, Zheng T, Alarçin E, Byambaa B, Guan X, Ding J, Zhang YS, Li Z. Porous Electrospun Fibers with Self-Sealing Functionality: An Enabling Strategy for Trapping Biomacromolecules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:10.1002/smll.201701949. [PMID: 29094479 PMCID: PMC5845855 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive porous polymer materials have promising biomedical application due to their ability to trap and release biomacromolecules. In this work, a class of highly porous electrospun fibers is designed using polylactide as the polymer matrix and poly(ethylene oxide) as a porogen. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different concentrations are further impregnated onto the fibers to achieve self-sealing functionality induced by photothermal conversion upon light irradiation. The fibers with 0.4 mg mL-1 of CNTs exhibit the optimum encapsulation efficiency of model biomacromolecules such as dextran, bovine serum albumin, and nucleic acids, although their photothermal conversion ability is slightly lower than the fibers with 0.8 mg mL-1 of CNTs. Interestingly, reversible reopening of the surface pores is accomplished with the degradation of PLA, affording a further possibility for sustained release of biomacromolecules after encapsulation. Effects of CNT loading on fiber morphology, structure, thermal/mechanical properties, degradation, and cell viability are also investigated. This novel class of porous electrospun fibers with self-sealing capability has great potential to serve as an enabling strategy for trapping/release of biomacromolecules with promising applications in, for example, preventing inflammatory diseases by scavenging cytokines from interstitial body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ting Zheng
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Emine Alarçin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Batzaya Byambaa
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xiaofei Guan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhongming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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Scaffaro R, Maio A, Lopresti F, Botta L. Nanocarbons in Electrospun Polymeric Nanomats for Tissue Engineering: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E76. [PMID: 30970753 PMCID: PMC6432463 DOI: 10.3390/polym9020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile process technology, exploited for the production of fibers with varying diameters, ranging from nano- to micro-scale, particularly useful for a wide range of applications. Among these, tissue engineering is particularly relevant to this technology since electrospun fibers offer topological structure features similar to the native extracellular matrix, thus providing an excellent environment for the growth of cells and tissues. Recently, nanocarbons have been emerging as promising fillers for biopolymeric nanofibrous scaffolds. In fact, they offer interesting physicochemical properties due to their small size, large surface area, high electrical conductivity and ability to interface/interact with the cells/tissues. Nevertheless, their biocompatibility is currently under debate and strictly correlated to their surface characteristics, in terms of chemical composition, hydrophilicity and roughness. Among the several nanofibrous scaffolds prepared by electrospinning, biopolymer/nanocarbons systems exhibit huge potential applications, since they combine the features of the matrix with those determined by the nanocarbons, such as conductivity and improved bioactivity. Furthermore, combining nanocarbons and electrospinning allows designing structures with engineered patterns at both nano- and microscale level. This article presents a comprehensive review of various types of electrospun polymer-nanocarbon currently used for tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, the differences among graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds and fullerenes and their effect on the ultimate properties of the polymer-based nanofibrous scaffolds is elucidated and critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Maio
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Luigi Botta
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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11
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Khan F, Tanaka M, Ahmad SR. Fabrication of polymeric biomaterials: a strategy for tissue engineering and medical devices. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8224-8249. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01370d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of biomaterials scaffolds using various methods and techniques is discussed, utilising biocompatible, biodegradable and stimuli-responsive polymers and their composites. This review covers the lithography and printing techniques, self-organisation and self-assembly methods for 3D structural scaffolds generation, and smart hydrogels, for tissue regeneration and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdous Khan
- Senior Polymer Chemist
- ECOSE-Biopolymer
- Knauf Insulation Limited
- St. Helens
- UK
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Biomaterials Science Group
- Department of Biochemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa
| | - Sheikh Rafi Ahmad
- Centre for Applied Laser Spectroscopy
- CDS
- DEAS
- Cranfield University
- Swindon
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12
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Serrano MC, Gutiérrez MC, del Monte F. Role of polymers in the design of 3D carbon nanotube-based scaffolds for biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Jin GZ, Park JH, Seo SJ, Kim HW. Dynamic cell culture on porous biopolymer microcarriers in a spinner flask for bone tissue engineering: a feasibility study. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1539-48. [PMID: 24652549 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porous microspherical carriers have great promise for cell culture and tissue engineering. Dynamic cultures enable more uniform cell population and effective differentiation than static cultures. Here we applied dynamic spinner flask culture for the loading and multiplication of cells onto porous biopolymer microcarriers. The abilities of the microcarriers to populate cells and to induce osteogenic differentiation were examined and the feasibility of in vivo delivery of the constructs was addressed. Over time, the porous microcarriers enabled cell adhesion and expansion under proper dynamic culture conditions. Osteogenic markers were substantially expressed by the dynamic cell cultures. The cell-cultured microcarriers implanted in the mouse subcutaneous tissue for 4 weeks showed excellent tissue compatibility, with minimal inflammatory signs and significant induction of bone tissues. This first report on dynamic culture of porous biopolymer microcarriers providing an effective tool for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea,
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14
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Fabbro A, Prato M, Ballerini L. Carbon nanotubes in neuroregeneration and repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:2034-44. [PMID: 23856411 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, we have experienced an increasing interest and an improved understanding of the application of nanotechnology to the nervous system. The aim of such studies is that of developing future strategies for tissue repair to promote functional recovery after brain damage. In this framework, carbon nanotube based technologies are emerging as particularly innovative tools due to the outstanding physical properties of these nanomaterials together with their recently documented ability to interface neuronal circuits, synapses and membranes. This review will discuss the state of the art in carbon nanotube technology applied to the development of devices able to drive nerve tissue repair; we will highlight the most exciting findings addressing the impact of carbon nanotubes in nerve tissue engineering, focusing in particular on neuronal differentiation, growth and network reconstruction.
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Mammadov B, Sever M, Guler MO, Tekinay AB. Neural differentiation on synthetic scaffold materials. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1119-1137. [PMID: 32481935 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of stem cells to differentiate into a variety of subgroups of neural cells makes stem cell differentiation and transplantation a promising candidate for neurodegenerative disorder therapies. However, selective differentiation of stem cells to neurons while preventing glial scar formation is a complex process. Mimicking the natural environment of neural tissue is pivotal, thus various synthetic materials have been developed for this purpose. The synthetic scaffolds can direct stem cells into a neural lineage by including extracellular factors that act on cell fate, which are mainly soluble signals, extracellular matrix proteins and physical factors (e.g. elasticity and topography). This article reviews synthetic materials developed for neural regeneration in terms of their extracellular matrix mimicking properties. Functionalization of synthetic materials by addition of bioactive chemical groups and adjustment of physical properties such as topography, electroactivity and elasticity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Mammadov
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey 06800.
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Hwang JY, Shin US, Jang WC, Hyun JK, Wall IB, Kim HW. Biofunctionalized carbon nanotubes in neural regeneration: a mini-review. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:487-97. [PMID: 23223857 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31581e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become an intriguing and promising biomaterial platform for the regeneration and functional recovery of damaged nerve tissues. The unique electrical, structural and mechanical properties, diversity of available surface chemistry and cell-penetrating ability of CNTs have made them useful implantable matrices or carriers for the delivery of therapeutic molecules. Although there are still challenges being faced in the clinical applications of CNTs mainly due to their toxicity, many studies to overcome this issue have been published. Modification of CNTs with chemical groups to ensure their dissolution in aqueous media is one possible solution. Functionalization of CNTs with biologically relevant and effective molecules (biofunctionalization) is also a promising strategy to provide better biocompatibility and selectivity for neural regeneration. Here, we review recent advances in the use of CNTs to promote neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Hwang
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
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de Mel A, Seifalian AM, Birchall MA. Orchestrating cell/material interactions for tissue engineering of surgical implants. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1010-21. [PMID: 22777725 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Research groups are currently recognising a critical clinical need for innovative approaches to organ failure and agenesis. Allografting, autologous reconstruction and prosthetics are hampered with severe limitations. Pertinently, readily available 'laboratory-grown' organs and implants are becoming a reality. Tissue engineering constructs vary in their design complexity depending on the specific structural and functional demands. Expeditious methods on integrating autologous stem cells onto nanoarchitectured 3D nanocomposites, are being transferred from lab to patients with a number of successful first-in-man experiences. Despite the need for a complete understanding of cell/material interactions tissue engineering is offering a plethora of exciting possibilities in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala de Mel
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Kim TH, Kim M, Park HS, Shin US, Gong MS, Kim HW. Size-dependent cellular toxicity of silver nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:1033-43. [PMID: 22308013 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have found a variety of uses including biomedical materials; however, studies of the cytotoxicity of AgNPs by size effects are only in the beginning stage. In this study, we examined the size-dependent cellular toxicity of AgNPs using three different characteristic sizes (∼ 10, 50, and 100 nm) against several cell lines including MC3T3-E1 and PC12. The cytotoxic effect determined based on the cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, lactate dehydrogenase release, ultrastructural changes in cell morphology, and upregulation of stress-related genes (ho-1 and MMP-3) was fairly size- and dose-dependent. In particular, AgNPs stimulated apoptosis in the MC3T3-E1 cells, but induced necrotic cell death in the PC12 cells. Furthermore, the smallest sized AgNPs (10 nm size) had a greater ability to induce apoptosis in the MC3T3-E1 cells than the other sized AgNPs (50 and 100 nm). These data suggest that the AgNPs-induced cytotoxic effects against tissue cells are particle size-dependent, and thus, the particle size needs careful consideration in the design of the nanoparticles for biomedical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, South Korea
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GhoshMitra S, Diercks DR, Mills NC, Hynds DL, Ghosh S. Role of engineered nanocarriers for axon regeneration and guidance: current status and future trends. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:110-25. [PMID: 22240258 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are approximately 1.5 million people who experience traumatic injuries to the brain and 265,000 who experience traumatic injuries to the spinal cord each year in the United States. Currently, there are few effective treatments for central nervous system (CNS) injuries because the CNS is refractory to axonal regeneration and relatively inaccessible to many pharmacological treatments. Smart, remotely tunable, multifunctional micro- and nanocarriers hold promise for delivering treatments to the CNS and targeting specific neurons to enhance axon regeneration and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, assessing the efficacy of treatments could be enhanced by biocompatible nanovectors designed for imaging in vivo. Recent developments in nanoengineering offer promising alternatives for designing biocompatible micro- and nanovectors, including magnetic nanostructures, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dot-based systems for controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to targeted CNS cells. This review highlights recent achievements in the development of smart nanostructures to overcome the existing challenges for treating CNS injuries.
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Kohl Y, Oostingh GJ, Sossalla A, Duschl A, von Briesen H, Thielecke H. Biocompatible micro-sized cell culture chamber for the detection of nanoparticle-induced IL8 promoter activity on a small cell population. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:505. [PMID: 21861875 PMCID: PMC3212020 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In most conventional in vitro toxicological assays, the response of a complete cell population is averaged, and therefore, single-cell responses are not detectable. Such averaging might result in misinterpretations when only individual cells within a population respond to a certain stimulus. Therefore, there is a need for non-invasive in vitro systems to verify the toxicity of nanoscale materials. In the present study, a micro-sized cell culture chamber with a silicon nitride membrane (0.16 mm2) was produced for cell cultivation and the detection of specific cell responses. The biocompatibility of the microcavity chip (MCC) was verified by studying adipogenic and neuronal differentiation. Thereafter, the suitability of the MCC to study the effects of nanoparticles on a small cell population was determined by using a green fluorescence protein-based reporter cell line. Interleukin-8 promoter (pIL8) induction, a marker of an inflammatory response, was used to monitor immune activation. The validation of the MCC-based method was performed using well-characterized gold and silver nanoparticles. The sensitivity of the new method was verified comparing the quantified pIL8 activation via MCC-based and standard techniques. The results proved the biocompatibility and the sensitivity of the microculture chamber, as well as a high optical quality due to the properties of Si3N4. The MCC-based method is suited for threshold- and time-dependent analysis of nanoparticle-induced IL8 promoter activity. This novel system can give dynamic information at the level of adherent single cells of a small cell population and presents a new non-invasive in vitro test method to assess the toxicity of nanomaterials and other compounds.PACS: 85.35.Be, 81.16.Nd, 87.18.Mp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Department of Cell Biology and Applied Virology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Gertie J Oostingh
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Adam Sossalla
- Department of Medical Engineering and Neuroprosthetics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Department of Cell Biology and Applied Virology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany
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Jin GZ, Kim M, Shin US, Kim HW. Neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglia neurons is enhanced on aligned nanofibrous biopolymer scaffold with carbon nanotube coating. Neurosci Lett 2011; 501:10-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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