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Ali FEM, Abdel-Reheim MA, Hassanein EHM, Abd El-Aziz MK, Althagafy HS, Badran KSA. Exploring the potential of drug repurposing for liver diseases: A comprehensive study. Life Sci 2024; 347:122642. [PMID: 38641047 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Drug repurposing involves the investigation of existing drugs for new indications. It offers a great opportunity to quickly identify a new drug candidate at a lower cost than novel discovery and development. Despite the importance and potential role of drug repurposing, there is no specific definition that healthcare providers and the World Health Organization credit. Unfortunately, many similar and interchangeable concepts are being used in the literature, making it difficult to collect and analyze uniform data on repurposed drugs. This research was conducted based on understanding general criteria for drug repurposing, concentrating on liver diseases. Many drugs have been investigated for their effect on liver diseases even though they were originally approved (or on their way to being approved) for other diseases. Some of the hypotheses for drug repurposing were first captured from the literature and then processed further to test the hypothesis. Recently, with the revolution in bioinformatics techniques, scientists have started to use drug libraries and computer systems that can analyze hundreds of drugs to give a short list of candidates to be analyzed pharmacologically. However, this study revealed that drug repurposing is a potential aid that may help deal with liver diseases. It provides available or under-investigated drugs that could help treat hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, Wilson disease, liver cancer, and fatty liver. However, many further studies are needed to ensure the efficacy of these drugs on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; Michael Sayegh, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa K Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S A Badran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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2
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Rolt A, Talley DC, Park SB, Hu Z, Dulcey A, Ma C, Irvin P, Leek M, Wang AQ, Stachulski AV, Xu X, Southall N, Ferrer M, Liang TJ, Marugan JJ. Discovery and Optimization of a 4-Aminopiperidine Scaffold for Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Assembly. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9431-9443. [PMID: 34184537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of FDA-approved HCV therapeutics target the viral replicative machinery. An automated high-throughput phenotypic screen identified several small molecules as potent inhibitors of hepatitis C virus replication. Here, we disclose the discovery and optimization of a 4-aminopiperidine (4AP) scaffold targeting the assembly stages of the HCV life cycle. The original screening hit (1) demonstrates efficacy in the HCVcc assay but does not show potency prior to or during viral replication. Colocalization and infectivity studies indicate that the 4AP chemotype inhibits the assembly and release of infectious HCV. Compound 1 acts synergistically with FDA-approved direct-acting antiviral compounds Telaprevir and Daclatasvir, as well as broad spectrum antivirals Ribavirin and cyclosporin A. Following an SAR campaign, several derivatives of the 4AP series have been identified with increased potency against HCV, reduced in vitro toxicity, as well as improved in vitro and in vivo ADME properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rolt
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Daniel C Talley
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zongyi Hu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Andrés Dulcey
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Christopher Ma
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Parker Irvin
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Madeleine Leek
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Andrew V Stachulski
- The Robert Robinson Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Juan J Marugan
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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3
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Screening and Identification of Lujo Virus Inhibitors Using a Recombinant Reporter Virus Platform. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071255. [PMID: 34203149 PMCID: PMC8310135 DOI: 10.3390/v13071255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lujo virus (LUJV), a highly pathogenic arenavirus, was first identified in 2008 in Zambia. To aid the identification of effective therapeutics for LUJV, we developed a recombinant reporter virus system, confirming reporter LUJV comparability with wild-type virus and its utility in high-throughput antiviral screening assays. Using this system, we evaluated compounds with known and unknown efficacy against related arenaviruses, with the aim of identifying LUJV-specific and potential new pan-arenavirus antivirals. We identified six compounds demonstrating robust anti-LUJV activity, including several compounds with previously reported activity against other arenaviruses. These data provide critical evidence for developing broad-spectrum antivirals against high-consequence arenaviruses.
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Giri A, Srinivasan A, Sundar IK. COVID-19: Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Immunity - Repurposing Drugs and Chronotherapeutics for SARS-CoV-2. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:674204. [PMID: 34220430 PMCID: PMC8249936 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.674204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has affected nearly 28 million people in the United States and has caused more than five hundred thousand deaths as of February 21, 2021. As the novel coronavirus continues to take its toll in the United States and all across the globe, particularly among the elderly (>65 years), clinicians and translational researchers are taking a closer look at the nexus of sleep, circadian rhythms and immunity that may contribute toward a more severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2-induced multi-organ failure affects both central and peripheral organs, causing increased mortality in the elderly. However, whether differences in sleep, circadian rhythms, and immunity between older and younger individuals contribute to the age-related differences in systemic dysregulation of target organs observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely unknown. Current literature demonstrates the emerging role of sleep, circadian rhythms, and immunity in the development of chronic pulmonary diseases and respiratory infections in human and mouse models. The exact mechanism underlying acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other cardiopulmonary complications in elderly patients in combination with associated comorbidities remain unclear. Nevertheless, understanding the critical role of sleep, circadian clock dysfunction in target organs, and immune status of patients with SARS-CoV-2 may provide novel insights into possible therapies. Chronotherapy is an emerging concept that is gaining attention in sleep medicine. Accumulating evidence suggests that nearly half of all physiological functions follow a strict daily rhythm. However, healthcare professionals rarely take implementing timed-administration of drugs into consideration. In this review, we summarize recent findings directly relating to the contributing roles of sleep, circadian rhythms and immune response in modulating infectious disease processes, and integrate chronotherapy in the discussion of the potential drugs that can be repurposed to improve the treatment and management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Lonare S, Hazarika M, Das CK. Antiviral effect of amiodarone and its possible role in COVID-19: An appraisal. Indian J Pharmacol 2021; 52:533-534. [PMID: 33666199 PMCID: PMC8092184 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_714_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Lonare
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mythili Hazarika
- Department of Psychiatry, Guwahati Medical College Hospital, Affiliated to Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences, Assam, India
| | - Chandra Kr Das
- Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital Affiliated to Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences, Assam, India
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6
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Vela JM. Repurposing Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands for COVID-19 Therapy? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:582310. [PMID: 33364957 PMCID: PMC7751758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of emerging infections, such as COVID-19 pandemic especially, confront health professionals with the unique challenge of treating patients. With no time to discover new drugs, repurposing of approved drugs or in clinical development is likely the only solution. Replication of coronaviruses (CoVs) occurs in a modified membranous compartment derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causes host cell ER stress and activates pathways to facilitate adaptation of the host cell machinery to viral needs. Accordingly, modulation of ER remodeling and ER stress response might be pivotal in elucidating CoV-host interactions and provide a rationale for new therapeutic, host-based antiviral approaches. The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a ligand-operated, ER membrane-bound chaperone that acts as an upstream modulator of ER stress and thus a candidate host protein for host-based repurposing approaches to treat COVID-19 patients. Sig-1R ligands are frequently identified in in vitro drug repurposing screens aiming to identify antiviral compounds against CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sig-1R regulates key mechanisms of the adaptive host cell stress response and takes part in early steps of viral replication. It is enriched in lipid rafts and detergent-resistant ER membranes, where it colocalizes with viral replicase proteins. Indeed, the non-structural SARS-CoV-2 protein Nsp6 interacts with Sig-1R. The activity of Sig-1R ligands against COVID-19 remains to be specifically assessed in clinical trials. This review provides a rationale for targeting Sig-1R as a host-based drug repurposing approach to treat COVID-19 patients. Evidence gained using Sig-1R ligands in unbiased in vitro antiviral drug screens and the potential mechanisms underlying the modulatory effect of Sig-1R on the host cell response are discussed. Targeting Sig-1R is not expected to reduce dramatically established viral replication, but it might interfere with early steps of virus-induced host cell reprogramming, aid to slow down the course of infection, prevent the aggravation of the disease and/or allow a time window to mature a protective immune response. Sig-1R-based medicines could provide benefit not only as early intervention, preventive but also as adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Vela
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Al-Horani RA, Kar S, Aliter KF. Potential Anti-COVID-19 Therapeutics that Block the Early Stage of the Viral Life Cycle: Structures, Mechanisms, and Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5224. [PMID: 32718020 PMCID: PMC7432953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is being caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease continues to present significant challenges to the health care systems around the world. This is primarily because of the lack of vaccines to protect against the infection and the lack of highly effective therapeutics to prevent and/or treat the illness. Nevertheless, researchers have swiftly responded to the pandemic by advancing old and new potential therapeutics into clinical trials. In this review, we summarize potential anti-COVID-19 therapeutics that block the early stage of the viral life cycle. The review presents the structures, mechanisms, and reported results of clinical trials of potential therapeutics that have been listed in clinicaltrials.gov. Given the fact that some of these therapeutics are multi-acting molecules, other relevant mechanisms will also be described. The reviewed therapeutics include small molecules and macromolecules of sulfated polysaccharides, polypeptides, and monoclonal antibodies. The potential therapeutics target viral and/or host proteins or processes that facilitate the early stage of the viral infection. Frequent targets are the viral spike protein, the host angiotensin converting enzyme 2, the host transmembrane protease serine 2, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis process. Overall, the review aims at presenting update-to-date details, so as to enhance awareness of potential therapeutics, and thus, to catalyze their appropriate use in combating the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A. Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
| | - Srabani Kar
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
| | - Kholoud F. Aliter
- Department of Chemistry, School of STEM, Dillard University, New Orleans, LA 70122, USA;
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8
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Gunesch AP, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Pinkert L, Steinmann E, Manns MP, Schneider G, Pietschmann T, Brönstrup M, von Hahn T. Filovirus Antiviral Activity of Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs Is Associated with Lipophilicity and Ability To Induce Phospholipidosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00143-20. [PMID: 32513799 PMCID: PMC7526846 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00143-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) have been found to inhibit cell entry of filoviruses and other enveloped viruses. Structurally unrelated CADs may have antiviral activity, yet the underlying common mechanism and structure-activity relationship are incompletely understood. We aimed to understand how widespread antiviral activity is among CADs and which structural and physico-chemical properties are linked to entry inhibition. We measured inhibition of Marburg virus pseudoparticle (MARVpp) cell entry by 45 heterogeneous and mostly FDA-approved CADs and cytotoxicity in EA.hy926 cells. We analyzed correlation of antiviral activity with four chemical properties: pKa, hydrophobicity (octanol/water partitioning coefficient; ClogP), molecular weight, and distance between the basic group and hydrophobic ring structures. Additionally, we quantified drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) of a CAD subset by flow cytometry. Structurally similar compounds (derivatives) and those with similar chemical properties but unrelated structures (analogues) to those of strong inhibitors were obtained by two in silico similarity search approaches and tested for antiviral activity. Overall, 11 out of 45 (24%) CADs inhibited MARVpp by 40% or more. The strongest antiviral compounds were dronedarone, triparanol, and quinacrine. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed highly significant correlations between antiviral activity, hydrophobicity (ClogP > 4), and DIPL. Moreover, pKa and intramolecular distance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties correlated with antiviral activity but to a lesser extent. We also showed that in contrast to analogues, derivatives had antiviral activity similar to that of the seed compound dronedarone. Overall, one-quarter of CADs inhibit MARVpp entry in vitro, and antiviral activity of CADs mostly relies on their hydrophobicity yet is promoted by the individual structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia P Gunesch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Francisco J Zapatero-Belinchón
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas Pinkert
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas von Hahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University, Hamburg, Germany
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Sturley SL, Rajakumar T, Hammond N, Higaki K, Márka Z, Márka S, Munkacsi AB. Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:972-982. [PMID: 32457038 PMCID: PMC7328045 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r120000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has resulted in the death of more than 328,000 persons worldwide in the first 5 months of 2020. Herculean efforts to rapidly design and produce vaccines and other antiviral interventions are ongoing. However, newly evolving viral mutations, the prospect of only temporary immunity, and a long path to regulatory approval pose significant challenges and call for a common, readily available, and inexpensive treatment. Strategic drug repurposing combined with rapid testing of established molecular targets could provide a pause in disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 shares extensive structural and functional conservation with SARS-CoV-1, including engagement of the same host cell receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) localized in cholesterol-rich microdomains. These lipid-enveloped viruses encounter the endosomal/lysosomal host compartment in a critical step of infection and maturation. Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare monogenic neurodegenerative disease caused by deficient efflux of lipids from the late endosome/lysosome (LE/L). The NP-C disease-causing gene (NPC1) has been strongly associated with viral infection, both as a filovirus receptor (e.g., Ebola) and through LE/L lipid trafficking. This suggests that NPC1 inhibitors or NP-C disease mimetics could serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Fortunately, there are such clinically approved molecules that elicit antiviral activity in preclinical studies, without causing NP-C disease. Inhibition of NPC1 may impair viral SARS-CoV-2 infectivity via several lipid-dependent mechanisms, which disturb the microenvironment optimum for viral infectivity. We suggest that known mechanistic information on NPC1 could be utilized to identify existing and future drugs to treat COVID-19.
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MESH Headings
- Androstenes/therapeutic use
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/metabolism
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Drug Repositioning/methods
- Humans
- Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Lysosomes/drug effects
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Lysosomes/virology
- Niemann-Pick C1 Protein
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/drug therapy
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/genetics
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/metabolism
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/pathology
- Pandemics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Virus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamayanthi Rajakumar
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for
Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington,
Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Natalie Hammond
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for
Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington,
Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics,
Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503,
Japan
| | - Zsuzsa Márka
- Department of Physics,
Columbia University, New York,
NY 10027
| | - Szabolcs Márka
- Department of Physics,
Columbia University, New York,
NY 10027
| | - Andrew B. Munkacsi
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for
Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington,
Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Sant'Anna Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Sant'Anna Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Italy
| | - Carlo Tascini
- Azienda Sanitaria Integrata del Friuli Centrale, Italy
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11
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Krol E, Wandzik I, Pastuch-Gawolek G, Szewczyk B. Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Activity of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071547. [PMID: 29954068 PMCID: PMC6099588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the etiological agent of the most common and dangerous diseases of the liver, is a major health problem worldwide. Despite many attempts, there is still no vaccine available. Although many drugs have been approved for use mostly in combination regimen, their high costs make them out of reach in less developed regions. Previously, we have synthesized a series of compounds belonging to uridine derivatives of 2-deoxy sugars and have proved that some of them possess antiviral activity against influenza A virus associated with N-glycosylation inhibition. Here, we analyze the antiviral properties of these compounds against HCV. Using cell culture-derived HCV (HCVcc), HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp), and replicon cell lines, we have shown high anti-HCV activity of two compounds. Our results indicated that compounds 2 and 4 significantly reduced HCVcc propagation with IC50 values in low μM range. Further experiments using the HCVpp system confirmed that both compounds significantly impaired the infectivity of produced HCVpp due to the inhibition of the correct maturation of viral glycoproteins. Overall, our results suggest that inhibiting the glycosylation process might be a good target for new therapeutics not only against HCV, but other important viral pathogens which contain envelopes with highly glycosylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Pastuch-Gawolek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
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12
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Crouchet E, Wrensch F, Schuster C, Zeisel MB, Baumert TF. Host-targeting therapies for hepatitis C virus infection: current developments and future applications. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11:1756284818759483. [PMID: 29619090 PMCID: PMC5871046 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818759483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. In the past few years, anti-HCV therapies have undergone a revolution with the approval of multiple direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which enable interferon-free treatments with considerable improvement of sustained virologic response in patients. Today, DAAs have become the standard of care for HCV therapy. However, several limitations remain, which include access to therapy, treatment failure in a subset of patients and persistent risk of HCC development following cure in patients with advanced fibrosis. By targeting conserved host proteins involved in the HCV life cycle, host-targeting agents (HTAs) offer opportunities for pan-genotypic antiviral approaches with a high barrier to drug resistance. Moreover, when applied in combination with DAAs, HTAs could improve the management of difficult-to-treat patients by acting through a complementary mechanism of action. In this review, we summarize the different HTAs evaluated in preclinical and clinical development and discuss their potential role for anti-HCV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Crouchet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Florian Wrensch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mirjam B. Zeisel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), Lyon, France
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Crouchet E, Baumert TF, Schuster C. Hepatitis C virus-apolipoprotein interactions: molecular mechanisms and clinical impact. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:593-606. [PMID: 28625086 PMCID: PMC6138823 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1344102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Moreover, chronic HCV infection is associated with liver steatosis and metabolic disorders. With 130-150 million people chronically infected in the world, HCV infection represents a major public health problem. One hallmark on the virus is its close link with hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Areas covered: HCV is associated with lipoprotein components such as apolipoproteins. These interactions play a key role in the viral life cycle, viral persistence and pathogenesis of liver disease. This review introduces first the role of apolipoproteins in lipoprotein metabolism, then highlights the molecular mechanisms of HCV-lipoprotein interactions and finally discusses their clinical impact. Expert commentary: While the study of virus-host interactions has resulted in a improvement of the understanding of the viral life cycle and the development of highly efficient therapies, major challenges remain: access to therapy is limited and an urgently needed HCV vaccine remains still elusive. Furthermore, the pathogenesis of disease biology is still only partially understood. The investigation of HCV-lipoproteins interactions offers new perspectives for novel therapeutic approaches, contribute to HCV vaccine design and understand virus-induced liver disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Crouchet
- Inserm, U1110: Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Inserm, U1110: Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Pôle hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Inserm, U1110: Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Salata C, Calistri A, Parolin C, Baritussio A, Palù G. Antiviral activity of cationic amphiphilic drugs. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 15:483-492. [PMID: 28286997 PMCID: PMC7103695 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1305888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Emerging and reemerging viral infections represent a major concern for human and veterinary public health and there is an urgent need for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. Areas covered: A recent strategy in antiviral research is based on the identification of molecules targeting host functions required for infection of multiple viruses. A number of FDA-approved drugs used to treat several human diseases are cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) that have the ability to accumulate inside cells affecting several structures/functions hijacked by viruses during infection. In this review we summarized the CADs’ chemical properties and effects on the cells and reported the main FDA-approved CADs that have been identified so far as potential antivirals in drug repurposing studies. Expert commentary: Although there have been concerns regarding the efficacy and the possible side effects of the off-label use of CADs as antivirals, they seem to represent a promising starting point for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral strategies. Further knowledge about their mechanism of action is required to improve their antiviral activity and to reduce the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Salata
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Arianna Calistri
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Cristina Parolin
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Aldo Baritussio
- b Clinica Medica 1, Department of Medicine , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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Host-Targeting Agents to Prevent and Cure Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viruses 2015; 7:5659-85. [PMID: 26540069 PMCID: PMC4664971 DOI: 10.3390/v7112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which are leading indications of liver transplantation (LT). To date, there is no vaccine to prevent HCV infection and LT is invariably followed by infection of the liver graft. Within the past years, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have had a major impact on the management of chronic hepatitis C, which has become a curable disease in the majority of DAA-treated patients. In contrast to DAAs that target viral proteins, host-targeting agents (HTAs) interfere with cellular factors involved in the viral life cycle. By acting through a complementary mechanism of action and by exhibiting a generally higher barrier to resistance, HTAs offer a prospective option to prevent and treat viral resistance. Indeed, given their complementary mechanism of action, HTAs and DAAs can act in a synergistic manner to reduce viral loads. This review summarizes the different classes of HTAs against HCV infection that are in preclinical or clinical development and highlights their potential to prevent HCV infection, e.g., following LT, and to tailor combination treatments to cure chronic HCV infection.
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Madrid PB, Panchal RG, Warren TK, Shurtleff AC, Endsley AN, Green CE, Kolokoltsov A, Davey R, Manger ID, Gilfillan L, Bavari S, Tanga MJ. Evaluation of Ebola Virus Inhibitors for Drug Repurposing. ACS Infect Dis 2015; 1:317-26. [PMID: 27622822 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A systematic screen of FDA-approved drugs was performed to identify compounds with in vitro antiviral activities against Ebola virus (EBOV). Compounds active (>50% viral inhibition and <30% cellular toxicity) at a single concentration were tested in dose-response assays to quantitate the antiviral activities in replication and viral entry assays as well as cytotoxicity in the Vero cell line used to conduct these assays. On the basis of the approved human dosing, toxicity/tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data, seven of these in vitro hits from different pharmacological classes (chloroquine (CQ), amiodarone, prochlorperazine, benztropine, azithromycin, chlortetracycline, and clomiphene) were evaluated for their in vivo efficacy at a single dose and were administered via either intraperitoneal (ip) or oral route. Initially, azithromycin (100 mg/kg, twice daily, ip), CQ (90 mg/kg, twice daily, ip), and amiodarone (60 mg/kg, twice daily, ip) demonstrated significant increases in survival in the mouse model. After repeat evaluation, only CQ was found to reproducibly give significant efficacy in the mouse model with this dosing regimen. Azithromycin and CQ were also tested in a guinea pig model of EBOV infection over a range of doses, but none of the doses increased survival, and drug-related toxicity was observed at lower doses than in the mouse. These results show the benefits and specific challenges associated with drug repurposing and highlight the need for careful evaluation of approved drugs as rapidly deployable countermeasures against future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Madrid
- Biosciences
Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Rekha G. Panchal
- U.S.
Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Travis K. Warren
- U.S.
Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Amy C. Shurtleff
- U.S.
Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Aaron N. Endsley
- Biosciences
Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Carol E. Green
- Biosciences
Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Andrey Kolokoltsov
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Robert Davey
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Ian D. Manger
- Biosciences
Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Lynne Gilfillan
- Biosciences
Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sina Bavari
- U.S.
Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Mary J. Tanga
- Biosciences
Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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Salata C, Baritussio A, Munegato D, Calistri A, Ha HR, Bigler L, Fabris F, Parolin C, Palù G, Mirazimi A. Amiodarone and metabolite MDEA inhibit Ebola virus infection by interfering with the viral entry process. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv032. [PMID: 25933611 PMCID: PMC7108539 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is one of the most lethal transmissible infections characterized by a high fatality rate, and a treatment has not been developed yet. Recently, it has been shown that cationic amphiphiles, among them the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone, inhibit filovirus infection. In the present work, we investigated how amiodarone interferes with Ebola virus infection. Wild-type Sudan ebolavirus and recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus, pseudotyped with the Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein, were used to gain further insight into the ability of amiodarone to affect Ebola virus infection. We show that amiodarone decreases Ebola virus infection at concentrations close to those found in the sera of patients treated for arrhythmias. The drug acts by interfering with the fusion of the viral envelope with the endosomal membrane. We also show that MDEA, the main amiodarone metabolite, contributes to the antiviral activity. Finally, studies with amiodarone analogues indicate that the antiviral activity is correlated with drug ability to accumulate into and interfere with the endocytic pathway. Considering that it is well tolerated, especially in the acute setting, amiodarone appears to deserve consideration for clinical use in EVD. The anti-arrhythmic drug amiodarone, and one of its active metabolites interfere with the early steps of Ebola virus life cycle by blocking the fusion step between the viral envelope and the endosomal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna 171 82, Sweden
| | - Aldo Baritussio
- Clinica Medica 1, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Denis Munegato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Huy Riem Ha
- Cardiovascular Therapy Research Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, University Hospital, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Bigler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Fabris
- Clinica Medica 1, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Cristina Parolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna 171 82, Sweden Department for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge/Stockholm 141 83, Sweden National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala 751 89, Sweden
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