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Zhang Z, Luan C, Wang C, Li T, Wu Y, Huang X, Jin B, Zhang E, Gong Q, Zhou X, Li X. Insulin resistance and its relationship with long-term exposure to ozone: Data based on a national population cohort. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134504. [PMID: 38704910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The relationship of ozone (O3), particularly the long-term exposure, with impacting metabolic homeostasis in population was understudied and under-recognised. Here, we used data from ChinaHEART, a nationwide, population-based cohort study, combined with O3 and PM2.5 concentration data with high spatiotemporal resolution, to explore the independent association of exposure to O3 with the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR). Among the 271 540 participants included, the crude prevalence of IR was 39.1%, while the age and sex standardized prevalence stood at 33.0%. Higher IR prevalence was observed with each increase of 10.0 μg/m3 in long-term O3 exposure, yielding adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 1.084 (95% CI: 1.079-1.089) in the one-pollutant model and 1.073 (95% CI: 1.067-1.079) in the two-pollutant model. Notably, a significant additive interaction between O3 and PM2.5 on the prevalence of IR was observed (P for additive interaction < 0.001). Our main findings remained consistent and robust in the sensitivity analyses. Our study suggests long-term exposure to O3 was independently and positively associated with prevalence of IR. It emphasized the benefits of policy interventions to reduce O3 and PM2.5 exposure jointly, which could ultimately alleviate the health and economic burden related to DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Luan
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö 21428, Sweden
| | - Chunqi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolin Jin
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Enming Zhang
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö 21428, Sweden
| | - Qiuhong Gong
- Center of Endocrinology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China; Central China Sub-center of the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Jin X, Chen Y, Xu B, Tian H. Exercise-Mediated Protection against Air Pollution-Induced Immune Damage: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Directions. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:247. [PMID: 38666859 PMCID: PMC11047937 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution, a serious risk factor for human health, can lead to immune damage and various diseases. Long-term exposure to air pollutants can trigger oxidative stress and inflammatory responses (the main sources of immune impairment) in the body. Exercise has been shown to modulate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant statuses, enhance immune cell activity, as well as protect against immune damage caused by air pollution. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effects of exercise on pollutant-induced damage and the safe threshold for exercise in polluted environments remain elusive. In contrast to the extensive research on the pathogenesis of air pollution and the preventive role of exercise in enhancing fitness, investigations into exercise resistance to injury caused by air pollution are still in their infancy. In this review, we analyze evidence from humans, animals, and cell experiments on the combined effects of exercise and air pollution on immune health outcomes, with an emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and immune cells. We also propose possible mechanisms and directions for future research on exercise resistance to pollutant-induced damage in the body. Furthermore, we suggest strengthening epidemiological studies at different population levels and investigations on immune cells to guide how to determine the safety thresholds for exercise in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bingxiang Xu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.J.); (Y.C.)
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.J.); (Y.C.)
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Bowman WS, Schmidt RJ, Sanghar GK, Thompson Iii GR, Ji H, Zeki AA, Haczku A. "Air That Once Was Breath" Part 1: Wildfire-Smoke-Induced Mechanisms of Airway Inflammation - "Climate Change, Allergy and Immunology" Special IAAI Article Collection: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2023. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:600-616. [PMID: 38452750 DOI: 10.1159/000536578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildfires are a global concern due to their wide-ranging environmental, economic, and public health impacts. Climate change contributes to an increase in the frequency and intensity of wildfires making smoke exposure a more significant and recurring health concern for individuals with airway diseases. Some of the most prominent effects of wildfire smoke exposure are asthma exacerbations and allergic airway sensitization. Likely due to the delayed recognition of its health impacts in comparison with cigarette smoke and industrial or traffic-related air pollution, research on the composition, the mechanisms of toxicity, and the cellular/molecular pathways involved is poor or non-existent. SUMMARY This review discusses potential underlying pathological mechanisms of wildfire-smoke-related allergic airway disease and asthma. We focused on major gaps in understanding the role of wildfire smoke composition in the development of airway disease and the known and potential mechanisms involving cellular and molecular players of oxidative injury at the epithelial barrier in airway inflammation. We examine how PM2.5, VOCs, O3, endotoxin, microbes, and toxic gases may affect oxidative stress and inflammation in the respiratory mucosal barrier. We discuss the role of AhR in mediating smoke's effects in alarmin release and IL-17A production and how glucocorticoid responsiveness may be impaired by IL-17A-induced signaling and epigenetic changes leading to steroid-resistant severe airway inflammation. KEY MESSAGE Effective mitigation of wildfire-smoke-related respiratory health effects would require comprehensive research efforts aimed at a better understanding of the immune regulatory effects of wildfire smoke in respiratory health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis S Bowman
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gursharan K Sanghar
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - George R Thompson Iii
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amir A Zeki
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Angela Haczku
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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Tan Q, Wang B, Ye Z, Mu G, Liu W, Nie X, Yu L, Zhou M, Chen W. Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between ozone exposure and glucose homeostasis: Exploring the role of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in a general Chinese urban population. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121711. [PMID: 37100372 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The adverse health effects of ozone pollution have been a globally concerned public health issue. Herein we aim to investigate the association between ozone exposure and glucose homeostasis, and to explore the potential role of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in this association. A total of 6578 observations from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort (baseline and two follow-ups) were included in this study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin (FPI), plasma C-reactive protein (CRP, biomarker for systemic inflammation), urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, biomarker for oxidative DNA damage), and urinary 8-isoprostane (biomarker for lipid peroxidation) were repeatedly measured. After adjusting for potential confounders, ozone exposure was positively associated with FPG, FPI, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and negatively associated with HOMA of beta cell function (HOMA-β) in cross-sectional analyses. Each 10 ppb increase in cumulative 7-days moving average ozone was associated with a 13.19%, 8.31%, and 12.77% increase in FPG, FPI, and HOMA-IR, respectively, whereas a 6.63% decrease in HOMA-β (all P < 0.05). BMI modified the associations of 7-days ozone exposure with FPI and HOMA-IR, and the effects were stronger in subgroup whose BMI ≥24 kg/m2. Consistently high exposure to annual average ozone was associated with increased FPG and FPI in longitudinal analyses. Furthermore, ozone exposure was positively related to CRP, 8-OHdG, and 8-isoprostane in dose-response manner. Increased CRP, 8-OHdG, and 8-isoprostane could dose-dependently aggravate glucose homeostasis indices elevations related to ozone exposure. Increased CRP and 8-isoprostane mediated 2.11-14.96% of ozone-associated glucose homeostasis indices increment. Our findings suggested that ozone exposure could cause glucose homeostasis damage and obese people were more susceptible. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress might be potential pathways in glucose homeostasis damage induced by ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyou Tan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ge Mu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiuquan Nie
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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5
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Kodavanti UP, Jackson TW, Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Alewel DI, Costa DL. Air Pollutant impacts on the brain and neuroendocrine system with implications for peripheral organs: a perspective. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:109-126. [PMID: 36749208 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2172486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants are being increasingly linked to extrapulmonary multi-organ effects. Specifically, recent studies associate air pollutants with brain disorders including psychiatric conditions, neuroinflammation and chronic diseases. Current evidence of the linkages between neuropsychiatric conditions and chronic peripheral immune and metabolic diseases provides insights on the potential role of the neuroendocrine system in mediating neural and systemic effects of inhaled pollutants (reactive particulates and gases). Autonomically-driven stress responses, involving sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axes regulate cellular physiological processes through adrenal-derived hormones and diverse receptor systems. Recent experimental evidence demonstrates the contribution of the very stress system responding to non-chemical stressors, in mediating systemic and neural effects of reactive air pollutants. The assessment of how respiratory encounter of air pollutants induce lung and peripheral responses through brain and neuroendocrine system, and how the impairment of these stress pathways could be linked to chronic diseases will improve understanding of the causes of individual variations in susceptibility and the contribution of habituation/learning and resiliency. This review highlights effects of air pollution in the respiratory tract that impact the brain and neuroendocrine system, including the role of autonomic sensory nervous system in triggering neural stress response, the likely contribution of translocated nano particles or metal components, and biological mediators released systemically in causing effects remote to the respiratory tract. The perspective on the use of systems approaches that incorporate multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors, including environmental, physiological and psychosocial, with the assessment of interactive neural mechanisms and peripheral networks are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Thomas W Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Costa
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling's School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Agrawal D, Kumari R, Ratre P, Rehman A, Srivastava RK, Reszka E, Goryacheva IY, Mishra PK. Cell-free circulating miRNAs-lncRNAs-mRNAs as predictive markers for breast cancer risk assessment in women exposed to indoor air pollution. CASE STUDIES IN CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 6:100267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2022.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
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Liu Z, Gong F, Tian L, Yan J, Li K, Tan Y, Han J, Zhao Y, Li D, Xi Z, Liu X. Acute exercise in ozone-polluted air induces apoptosis in rat quadriceps femoris muscle cells via mitochondrial pathway. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 4:190-197. [PMID: 36090921 PMCID: PMC9453690 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution can decrease sport performance and induce respiratory toxicity, but relatively few studies have investigated its effects on skeletal muscles. We randomly assigned rats to the following groups based on a 2 × 4 two-factor factorial design: Air+0, Air+10, Air+15, and Air+20, O3+0, O3+10, O3+15, and O3+20. The rats in the +0 groups rested, whereas those in the +10, +15, and +20 groups ran on a treadmill (in clean air for Air groups and in air polluted with 0.14 parts per million [ppm] O3 for O3 groups) at speeds of 10, 15, and 20 m/min, respectively, for 1 h. Thereafter, key enzyme activities involving the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, histopathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammation factors, and apoptosis were assessed in the rat quadriceps femoris samples. Ozone reduced key enzyme activities and ATP contents in the quadriceps femoris regardless of whether the rats exercised. Pathological changes, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis were only evident under conditions of exercise combined with ozone and increasingly worsened as exercise intensity increased. These findings suggested that acute exercise under ozone exposure could induce damage to the quadriceps femoris, which would negatively affect sport performance. Ozone-induced disrupted energy metabolism might be an early event that becomes more critical as exercise intensity increases. Therefore, care should be taken when exercising in polluted air, even when ozone pollution is mild. O3 itself inhibited key enzyme activities in TCA and oxidative phosphorylation. O3 decreased ATP production regardless of whether it was coupled with exercise. Acute exercise in O3 polluted air induced oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction. Acute exercise in O3 polluted air caused mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. O3 and exercise synergistically regulated levels of IL-2, IL-6 and 8-OHdG in muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Fuxu Gong
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yizhe Tan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jie Han
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Da Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Corresponding author. Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No.1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China.
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Han L, Huang Y, Fu Q, Xue Y, Ding F, Zhang M. Tracking the response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in ozone-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mouse models. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112980. [PMID: 35453008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is commonly isolated from the sputum of COPD patients. However, the precise role of P. aeruginosa infection in the progression of COPD, especially its role in altering inflammation remains unclear. Here, we designed mice models of COPD infected with P. aeruginosa (PA) and observed dynamic changes of lung structure, lung inflammatory microenvironment, lung function. After infection, the level of mucus secretion peaked on day 3 and remained higher throughout the study period, and the airway remodeling and emphysema was starkly apparent on day 14 and 21. On day 3, interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)- 5 levels increased rapidly, accompanied by elevated T-bet mRNA expression and CD4+T-bet+ cells; at the late stage of infection (days 14 and 21), consistent with increased GATA3 mRNA expression and CD4+GATA3+ cells, IL-4 and IL-13 levels significantly increased; IL-17A level, Foxp3 mRNA expression, CD4+ROR-γt+ cells and CD4+FOXP3+ cells remained at higher levels throughout the course of the infection. Small-airway function showed a decline from day 3 to day 21; large airway function showed a decline on day 14 and 21. Overall, P. aeruginosa infection contributed to the progression of COPD. During the infection, an early Th1-related inflammation gradually shifted to a later Th2-related inflammation, and small-airway function decline occurred earlier than that of large-airway function. On the basis of infection control, the appropriate use of glucocorticoid might slow disease progression by mitigating the enhanced Th2-related inflammation, and small airways could be also an important treatment target in P. aeruginosa -infected COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yuning Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yishu Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Fengming Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Ding F, Han L, Fu Q, Fan X, Tang R, Lv C, Xue Y, Tian X, Zhang M. IL-17 Aggravates Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811803. [PMID: 35095906 PMCID: PMC8792752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection increases risks of exacerbations and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to elucidate the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis. We examined the expression and influences of IL-23/IL-17A in patients with stable COPD (n = 33) or acute COPD exacerbations with P. aeruginosa infection (n = 34). A mouse model of COPD (C57BL/6) was used to investigate the role of IL-17A in host inflammatory responses against P. aeruginosa infection through the application of IL-17A–neutralizing antibody or recombinant IL-17A. We found that P. aeruginosa infection increased IL-23/17A signaling in lungs of both COPD patients and COPD mouse models. When COPD mouse models were treated with neutralizing antibody targeting IL-17A, P. aeruginosa induced a significantly less polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and less bacterial burden in their lungs compared to those of untreated counterparts. The lung function was also improved by neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, IL-17A-signaling blockade significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, CXCL1, CXCL15 and MMP-9, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and IL-1Ra. The application of mouse recombinant IL-17A exacerbated P. aeruginosa-mediated inflammatory responses and pulmonary dysfunction in COPD mouse models. A cytokine protein array revealed that the expression of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) was down-regulated by IL-17A, and exogenous RBP4-recombinant protein resulted in a decrease in the severity of P. aeruginosa-induced airway dysfunction. Concurrent application of IL-17A-neutralizing antibody and ciprofloxacin attenuated airway inflammation and ventilation after inoculation of P. aeruginosa in COPD mouse models. Our results revealed that IL-17 plays a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa airway infection during acute exacerbations of COPD. Targeting IL-17A is a potential therapeutic strategy in controlling the outcomes of P. aeruginosa infection in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Fan
- Department of Tuberculosis, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjian Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yishu Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Choudhary I, Vo T, Paudel K, Wen X, Gupta R, Kesimer M, Patial S, Saini Y. Vesicular and extravesicular protein analyses from the airspaces of ozone-exposed mice revealed signatures associated with mucoinflammatory lung disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23203. [PMID: 34853335 PMCID: PMC8636509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) harbors a variety of proteins that influence homeostatic and stress responses in the airspaces. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, contain many proteins that vary in abundance and composition based on the prevailing conditions. Ozone causes inflammatory responses in the airspaces of experimental animals and humans. However, the exosomal protein signatures contained within the ELF from ozone-exposed lung airspaces remain poorly characterized. To explore this, we hypothesized that ozone triggers the release of exosome-bound inflammatory proteins from various cells that reflect mucoobstructive lung disease. Accordingly, we repetitively exposed adult male and female C57BL/6 mice to HEPA-filtered air (air) or 0.8 ppm ozone (4 h per day) for 14 days (five consecutive days of exposure, 2 days of rest, five consecutive days of exposure, 2 days of rest, four consecutive days of exposure). Exosome-bound proteomic signatures, as well as the levels of soluble inflammatory mediators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), were determined 12-16 h after the last exposure. Principal component analyses of the exosome-bound proteome revealed a clear distinction between air-exposed and ozone-exposed mice, as well as between ozone-exposed males and ozone-exposed females. In addition to 575 proteins that were enriched in both sexes upon ozone exposure, 243 and 326 proteins were enriched uniquely in ozone-exposed males and females, respectively. Ingenuity pathway analyses on enriched proteins between ozone- and air-exposed mice revealed enrichment of pro-inflammatory pathways. More specifically, macrophage activation-related proteins were enriched in exosomes from ozone-exposed mice. Cytokine analyses on the BALF revealed elevated levels of G-CSF, KC, IP-10, IL-6, and IL-5 in ozone-exposed mice. Finally, the histopathological assessment revealed significantly enhanced intracellular localization of mucoinflammatory proteins including MUC5B and FIZZ1 in ozone-exposed mice in a cell-specific manner indicating the cellular sources of the proteins that are ferried in the exosomes upon ozone-induced lung injury. Collectively, this study identified exosomal, secretory, and cell-specific proteins and biological pathways following repetitive exposure of mice to ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Choudhary
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Thao Vo
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Kshitiz Paudel
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Xue Wen
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Richa Gupta
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA
| | - Sonika Patial
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Yogesh Saini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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11
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Fois SS, Canu S, Fois AG. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Sarcoidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111712. [PMID: 34769145 PMCID: PMC8584035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a rare, systemic inflammatory disease whose diagnosis and management can pose a challenge for clinicians and specialists. Scientific knowledge on the molecular pathways that drive its development is still lacking, with no standardized therapies available and insufficient strategies to predict patient outcome. In recent years, oxidative stress has been highlighted as an important factor in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, involving several enzymes and molecules in the mechanism of the disease. This review presents current data on the role of oxidative stress in sarcoidosis and its interaction with inflammation, as well as the application of antioxidative therapy in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Solveig Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Canu
- Respiratory Diseases Operative Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Giuseppe Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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12
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Sun Z, Archibald AT. Multi-stage ensemble-learning-based model fusion for surface ozone simulations: A focus on CMIP6 models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 8:100124. [PMID: 36156995 PMCID: PMC9488062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2021.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Accurately simulating the geographical distribution and temporal variability of global surface ozone has long been one of the principal components of chemistry-climate modelling. However, the simulation outcomes have been reported to vary significantly as a result of the complex mixture of uncertain factors that control the tropospheric ozone budget. Settling the cross-model discrepancies to achieve higher accuracy predictions of surface ozone is thus a task of priority, and methods that overcome structural biases in models going beyond naïve averaging of model simulations are urgently required. Building on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), we have transplanted a conventional ensemble learning approach, and also constructed an innovative 2-stage enhanced space-time Bayesian neural network to fuse an ensemble of 57 simulations together with a prescribed ozone dataset, both of which have realised outstanding performances (R2 > 0.95, RMSE < 2.12 ppbv). The conventional ensemble learning approach is computationally cheaper and results in higher overall performance, but at the expense of oceanic ozone being overestimated and the learning process being uninterpretable. The Bayesian approach performs better in spatial generalisation and enables perceivable interpretability, but induces heavier computational burdens. Both of these multi-stage machine learning-based approaches provide frameworks for improving the fidelity of composition-climate model outputs for uses in future impact studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Alexander T. Archibald
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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13
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Zhang J, Xu Q, Sun W, Zhou X, Fu D, Mao L. New Insights into the Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4155-4168. [PMID: 34471373 PMCID: PMC8405160 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s324323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disease characterized by chronic airway obstruction and emphysema. Accumulating studies have shown that the onset and development of COPD are related to an aberrant immune response induced by the dysregulation of a number of genetic and environmental factors, while the exact pathogenesis of this disease is not well defined. Emerging studies based on tests on samples from COPD patients, animal models, pharmacological and genetic data suggest that the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is required in the lung inflammatory responses in the development of COPD. Although the available clinical studies targeting the inflammasome effector cytokine, IL-1β, or IL-1 signaling do not show positive outcomes for COPD treatment, many alternative strategies have been proposed by recent emerging studies. Here, we highlight the recent progress in our understanding of the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in COPD and propose possible future studies that may further elucidate the roles of the inflammasome in the pathogenesis or the intervention of this inflammatory lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichen Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, People's Republic of China.,Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, People's Republic of China
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14
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Chung KF, Togbe D, Ryffel B. Editorial: Ozone as a Driver of Lung Inflammation and Innate Immunity and as a Model for Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714161. [PMID: 34276707 PMCID: PMC8278818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dieudonnée Togbe
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France
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15
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Qi H, Gao ZW, Hou J, Zhou Q, Ma W, Dai YH, She WD. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2-Histone Deacetylase 2 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Refractory Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Glucocorticoid Resistance. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2021; 83:227-233. [PMID: 34091451 DOI: 10.1159/000515205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A significant number of sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients had no noticeable hearing improvement after glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. In the present study, we examined expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of refractory SSNHL patients to study the role of NRF2-HDAC2 pathway in GC insensitivity hearing improvement after GC treatment, which is usually referred to as refractory SSNHL or GC insensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four refractory SSNHL patients were treated by intratympanic GC infusion. Hearing was tested in all patients before and after treatment by pure tone hearing test. NRF2/HDAC2 mRNA and protein levels were examined in PBMCs of refractory SSNHL patients before and after treatment. PBMCs from healthy volunteers were used as normal controls. RESULTS According to the hearing improvement after treatment, patients were assigned into 2 groups: the intratympanic GC sensitive (IGCS) group (hearing recovery ≥15 dB HL) and the intratympanic GC insensitive (IGCI) group (hearing recovery <15 dB HL). Before treatment, the NRF2 mRNA level was lower in all patients than the normal control group. After treatment, NRF2 and HDAC2 mRNA and protein levels were increased in the IGCS group, while no significant change was observed in the IGCI group. CONCLUSION Low response of NRF2/HDAC2 proteins is associated with GC insensitivity in SSNHL. We speculate that the NRF2-HDAC2 pathway affects GC sensitivity in SSNHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zi-Wen Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Hong Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wan-Dong She
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Jia L, Hao H, Wang C, Wei J. Etomidate attenuates hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:785. [PMID: 34055084 PMCID: PMC8145798 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of etomidate on hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice, particularly on the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway. Fifty specific pathogen-free mice were randomly divided into the blank control, model, high oxygen exposure + low etomidate dose (0.3 mg·kg-1), a high oxygen exposure + moderate etomidate dose (3 mg·kg-1), and a high oxygen exposure + high etomidate dose (10 mg·kg-1) groups, with ten mice allotted per group. After 72 h, the mice were sacrificed and the lung tissues were harvested, and the wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio of the tissues was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in the lung tissues, and the lung injury score (LIS) was calculated. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were measured. The malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were also measured, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10 concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. At low and moderate doses, etomidate decreased pathological damage in the lung tissue, decreased the LIS and W/D ratio, upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression, decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations, increased MPO activity and IL-10 levels, suppressed the production of the oxidation product MDA, and enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD. Within a certain dose range, etomidate enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in mice, thereby decreasing lung injury induced by the chronic inhalation of oxygen at high concentrations. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism may be associate with the upregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhong Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
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17
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Ambient air pollution exposure and radiographic pulmonary vascular volumes. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e143. [PMID: 33870015 PMCID: PMC8043731 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Exposure to higher levels of ambient air pollution is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease but long-term effects of pollution exposure on the pulmonary vessels are unknown.
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18
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Enweasor C, Flayer CH, Haczku A. Ozone-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation, and Glucocorticoid Resistance in Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631092. [PMID: 33717165 PMCID: PMC7952990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in using biologicals that target Th2 pathways, glucocorticoids form the mainstay of asthma treatment. Asthma morbidity and mortality remain high due to the wide variability of treatment responsiveness and complex clinical phenotypes driven by distinct underlying mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that inhalation of the toxic air pollutant, ozone, worsens asthma by impairing glucocorticoid responsiveness. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in glucocorticoid resistance in asthma. The underlying mechanisms point to a central role of oxidative stress pathways. The primary data source for this review consisted of peer-reviewed publications on the impact of ozone on airway inflammation and glucocorticoid responsiveness indexed in PubMed. Our main search strategy focused on cross-referencing "asthma and glucocorticoid resistance" against "ozone, oxidative stress, alarmins, innate lymphoid, NK and γδ T cells, dendritic cells and alveolar type II epithelial cells, glucocorticoid receptor and transcription factors". Recent work was placed in the context from articles in the last 10 years and older seminal research papers and comprehensive reviews. We excluded papers that did not focus on respiratory injury in the setting of oxidative stress. The pathways discussed here have however wide clinical implications to pathologies associated with inflammation and oxidative stress and in which glucocorticoid treatment is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioma Enweasor
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cameron H. Flayer
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angela Haczku
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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19
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Kumar P, Kalaiarasan G, Porter AE, Pinna A, Kłosowski MM, Demokritou P, Chung KF, Pain C, Arvind DK, Arcucci R, Adcock IM, Dilliway C. An overview of methods of fine and ultrafine particle collection for physicochemical characterisation and toxicity assessments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143553. [PMID: 33239200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a crucial health risk factor for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The smaller size fractions, ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5; fine particles) and ≤0.1 μm (PM0.1; ultrafine particles), show the highest bioactivity but acquiring sufficient mass for in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies is challenging. We review the suitability of available instrumentation to collect the PM mass required for these assessments. Five different microenvironments representing the diverse exposure conditions in urban environments are considered in order to establish the typical PM concentrations present. The highest concentrations of PM2.5 and PM0.1 were found near traffic (i.e. roadsides and traffic intersections), followed by indoor environments, parks and behind roadside vegetation. We identify key factors to consider when selecting sampling instrumentation. These include PM concentration on-site (low concentrations increase sampling time), nature of sampling sites (e.g. indoors; noise and space will be an issue), equipment handling and power supply. Physicochemical characterisation requires micro- to milli-gram quantities of PM and it may increase according to the processing methods (e.g. digestion or sonication). Toxicological assessments of PM involve numerous mechanisms (e.g. inflammatory processes and oxidative stress) requiring significant amounts of PM to obtain accurate results. Optimising air sampling techniques are therefore important for the appropriate collection medium/filter which have innate physical properties and the potential to interact with samples. An evaluation of methods and instrumentation used for airborne virus collection concludes that samplers operating cyclone sampling techniques (using centrifugal forces) are effective in collecting airborne viruses. We highlight that predictive modelling can help to identify pollution hotspots in an urban environment for the efficient collection of PM mass. This review provides guidance to prepare and plan efficient sampling campaigns to collect sufficient PM mass for various purposes in a reasonable timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gopinath Kalaiarasan
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Pinna
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michał M Kłosowski
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Pain
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D K Arvind
- Centre for Speckled Computing, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Rossella Arcucci
- Data Science Institute, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Dilliway
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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20
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Haji G, Wiegman CH, Michaeloudes C, Patel MS, Curtis K, Bhavsar P, Polkey MI, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in airways and quadriceps muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2020; 21:262. [PMID: 33046036 PMCID: PMC7552476 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction have been reported in airway and quadriceps muscle cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We determined the concomitance of mitochondrial dysfunction in these cells in COPD. METHODS Bronchial biopsies were obtained from never- and ex-smoker volunteers and COPD patients (GOLD Grade 2) and quadriceps muscle biopsies from the same volunteers in addition to COPD patients at GOLD Grade 3/4 for measurement of mitochondrial function. RESULTS Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and decreased superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) levels were observed in mitochondria isolated from bronchial biopsies from Grade 2 patients compared to healthy never- and ex-smokers. There was a significant correlation between ΔΨm and FEV1 (% predicted), transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCOC % predicted), 6-min walk test and maximum oxygen consumption. In addition, ΔΨm was also associated with decreased expression levels of electron transport chain (ETC) complex proteins I and II. In quadriceps muscle of Grade 2 COPD patients, a significant increase in total ROS and mtROS was observed without changes in ΔΨm, SOD2 or ETC complex protein expression. However, quadriceps muscle of GOLD Grade 3/4 COPD patients showed an increased mtROS and decreased SOD2 and ETC complex proteins I, II, III and V expression. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial dysfunction in the airways, but not in quadriceps muscle, is associated with airflow obstruction and exercise capacity in Grade 2 COPD. Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the quadriceps may result from similar disease processes occurring in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Haji
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.,Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Coen H Wiegman
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - Charalambos Michaeloudes
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Mehul S Patel
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Katrina Curtis
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Pankaj Bhavsar
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | | | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.,Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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21
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Kotecha SJ, Watkins WJ, Lowe J, Grigg J, Kotecha S. Differential association of air pollution exposure with neonatal and postneonatal mortality in England and Wales: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003400. [PMID: 33079932 PMCID: PMC7575080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many but not all studies suggest an association between air pollution exposure and infant mortality. We sought to investigate whether pollution exposure is differentially associated with all-cause neonatal or postneonatal mortality, or specific causes of infant mortality. METHODS AND FINDINGS We separately investigated the associations of exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2) with all-cause infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality, and with specific causes of infant deaths in 7,984,366 live births between 2001 and 2012 in England and Wales. Overall, 51.3% of the live births were male, and there were 36,485 infant deaths (25,110 neonatal deaths and 11,375 postneonatal deaths). We adjusted for the following major confounders: deprivation, birthweight, maternal age, sex, and multiple birth. Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI; p-value) for infant deaths were significantly increased for NO2, PM10, and SO2 (1.066 [1.027, 1.107; p = 0.001], 1.044 [1.007, 1.082; p = 0.017], and 1.190 [1.146, 1.235; p < 0.001], respectively) when highest and lowest pollutant quintiles were compared; however, neonatal mortality was significantly associated with SO2 (1.207 [1.154, 1.262; p < 0.001]) but not significantly associated with NO2 and PM10 (1.044 [0.998, 1.092; p = 0.059] and 1.008 [0.966, 1.052; p = 0.702], respectively). Postneonatal mortality was significantly associated with all pollutants: NO2, 1.108 (1.038, 1.182; p < 0.001); PM10, 1.117 (1.050, 1.188; p < 0.001); and SO2, 1.147 (1.076, 1.224; p < 0.001). Whilst all were similarly associated with endocrine causes of infant deaths (NO2, 2.167 [1.539, 3.052; p < 0.001]; PM10, 1.433 [1.066, 1.926; p = 0.017]; and SO2, 1.558 [1.147, 2.116; p = 0.005]), they were differentially associated with other specific causes: NO2 and PM10 were associated with an increase in infant deaths from congenital malformations of the nervous (NO2, 1.525 [1.179, 1.974; p = 0.001]; PM10, 1.457 [1.150, 1.846; p = 0.002]) and gastrointestinal systems (NO2, 1.214 [1.006, 1.466; p = 0.043]; PM10, 1.312 [1.096, 1.571; p = 0.003]), and NO2 was also associated with deaths from malformations of the respiratory system (1.306 [1.019, 1.675; p = 0.035]). In contrast, SO2 was associated with an increase in infant deaths from perinatal causes (1.214 [1.156, 1.275; p < 0.001]) and from malformations of the circulatory system (1.172 [1.011, 1.358; p = 0.035]). A limitation of this study was that we were not able to study associations of air pollution exposure and infant mortality during the different trimesters of pregnancy. In addition, we were not able to control for all confounding factors such as maternal smoking. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that NO2, PM10, and SO2 were differentially associated with all-cause mortality and with specific causes of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - W. John Watkins
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John Lowe
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sailesh Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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22
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Wiegman CH, Li F, Ryffel B, Togbe D, Chung KF. Oxidative Stress in Ozone-Induced Chronic Lung Inflammation and Emphysema: A Facet of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1957. [PMID: 32983127 PMCID: PMC7492639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by cigarette smoke and characterized by chronic inflammation, alveolar destruction (emphysema) and bronchiolar obstruction. Ozone is a gaseous constituent of urban air pollution resulting from photochemical interaction of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxide and organic compounds. While acute exposure to ozone induces airway hyperreactivity and neutrophilic inflammation, chronic ozone exposure in mice causes activation of oxidative pathways resulting in cell death and a chronic bronchial inflammation with emphysema, mimicking cigarette smoke-induced COPD. Therefore, the chronic exposure to ozone has become a model for studying COPD. We review recent data on mechanisms of ozone induced lung disease focusing on pathways causing chronic respiratory epithelial cell injury, cell death, alveolar destruction, and tissue remodeling associated with the development of chronic inflammation and AHR. The initial oxidant insult may result from direct effects on the integrity of membranes and organelles of exposed epithelial cells in the airways causing a stress response with the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA, and proteases. Mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial DNA activate NLRP3 inflammasome and the DNA sensors cGAS and STING accelerating cell death pathways including caspases with inflammation enhancing alveolar septa destruction, remodeling, and fibrosis. Inhibitors of mitochondrial ROS, NLRP3 inflammasome, DNA sensor, cell death pathways, and IL-1 represent novel therapeutic targets for chronic airways diseases underlined by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen H. Wiegman
- Section of Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France
| | - Dieudonnée Togbe
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France
- ArtImmune SAS, Orléans, France
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Section of Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Post-transcriptional air pollution oxidation to the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway promotes pulmonary stress phenotypes. Commun Biol 2020; 3:392. [PMID: 32699268 PMCID: PMC7376215 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of environmentally-induced chemical changes in RNA has been fairly unexplored. Air pollution induces oxidative modifications such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) in RNAs of lung cells, which could be associated with premature lung dysfunction. We develop a method for 8-oxoG profiling using immunocapturing and RNA sequencing. We find 42 oxidized transcripts in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells exposed to two air pollution mixtures that recreate urban atmospheres. We show that the FDFT1 transcript in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is susceptible to air pollution-induced oxidation. This process leads to decreased transcript and protein expression of FDFT1, and reduced cholesterol synthesis in cells exposed to air pollution. Knockdown of FDFT1 replicates alterations seen in air pollution exposure such as transformed cell size and suppressed cytoskeleton organization. Our results argue of a possible novel biomarker and of an unseen mechanism by which air pollution selectively modifies key metabolic-related transcripts facilitating cell phenotypes in bronchial dysfunction. Gonzales-Rivera et al. develop a method for 8-oxoG profiling using immunocapturing and RNA sequencing. They show that the FDFT1 transcript is susceptible to air pollution-induced oxidation, after identifying 42 transcripts that are differentially oxidized in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells under air pollution conditions relative to clean air. FDFT1 oxidation affects cholesterol synthesis pathway, leading to phenotypes associated with several lung diseases.
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24
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Florez-Sampedro L, Soto-Gamez A, Poelarends GJ, Melgert BN. The role of MIF in chronic lung diseases: looking beyond inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1183-L1197. [PMID: 32208924 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00521.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been associated with many diseases. Most studies found in literature describe MIF as a proinflammatory cytokine involved in chronic inflammatory conditions, but evidence from last years suggests that many of its key effects are not directly related to inflammation. In fact, MIF is constitutively expressed in most human tissues and in some cases in high levels, which does not reflect the pattern of expression of a classic proinflammatory cytokine. Moreover, MIF is highly expressed during embryonic development and decreases during adulthood, which point toward a more likely role as growth factor. Accordingly, MIF knockout mice develop age-related spontaneous emphysema, suggesting that MIF presence (e.g., in younger individuals and wild-type animals) is part of a healthy lung. In view of this new line of evidence, we aimed to review data on the role of MIF in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Florez-Sampedro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abel Soto-Gamez
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,European Institute for the Biology of Aging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Sokolowska M, Quesniaux VFJ, Akdis CA, Chung KF, Ryffel B, Togbe D. Acute Respiratory Barrier Disruption by Ozone Exposure in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2169. [PMID: 31608051 PMCID: PMC6758598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone exposure causes irritation, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), inflammation of the airways, and destruction of alveoli (emphysema), the gas exchange area of the lung in human and mice. This review focuses on the acute disruption of the respiratory epithelial barrier in mice. A single high dose ozone exposure (1 ppm for 1 h) causes first a break of the bronchiolar epithelium within 2 h with leak of serum proteins in the broncho-alveolar space, disruption of epithelial tight junctions and cell death, which is followed at 6 h by ROS activation, AHR, myeloid cell recruitment, and remodeling. High ROS levels activate a novel PGAM5 phosphatase dependent cell-death pathway, called oxeiptosis. Bronchiolar cell wall damage and inflammation upon a single ozone exposure are reversible. However, chronic ozone exposure leads to progressive and irreversible loss of alveolar epithelial cells and alveoli with reduced gas exchange space known as emphysema. It is further associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the lung, resembling other environmental pollutants and cigarette smoke in pathogenesis of asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we review recent data on the mechanisms of ozone induced injury on the different cell types and pathways with a focus on the role of the IL-1 family cytokines and the related IL-33. The relation of chronic ozone exposure induced lung disease with asthma and COPD and the fact that ozone exacerbates asthma and COPD is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Valerie F J Quesniaux
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France
| | - Dieudonnée Togbe
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France.,ArtImmune SAS, Artinem, Orléans, France
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26
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Osgood RS, Kasahara DI, Tashiro H, Cho Y, Shore SA. Androgens augment pulmonary responses to ozone in mice. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14214. [PMID: 31544355 PMCID: PMC6755142 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone causes airway hyperresponsiveness, a defining feature of asthma, and is an asthma trigger. In mice, ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is greater in males than in females, suggesting a role for sex hormones in the response to ozone. To examine the role of androgens in these sex differences, we castrated 4-week-old mice. Controls underwent sham surgery. At 8 weeks of age, mice were exposed to ozone (2ppm, 3 h) or room air. Twenty-four hours later, mice were anesthetized and measurements of airway responsiveness to inhaled aerosolized methacholine were made. Mice were then euthanized and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Castration attenuated ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and reduced bronchoalveolar lavage cells. In intact males, flutamide, an androgen receptor inhibitor, had similar effects to castration. Bronchoalveolar lavage concentrations of several cytokines were reduced by either castration or flutamide treatment, but only IL-1α was reduced by both castration and flutamide. Furthermore, an anti-IL-1α antibody reduced bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils in intact males, although it did not alter ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Our data indicate that androgens augment pulmonary responses to ozone and that IL-1α may contribute to the effects of androgens on ozone-induced cellular inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross S. Osgood
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - David I. Kasahara
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Hiroki Tashiro
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Youngji Cho
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Stephanie A. Shore
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
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27
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Abstract
Introduction: Neutrophils are the most abundant inflammatory cells in the lungs of patients with chronic lung diseases, especially COPD, yet despite this, patients often experience repeated chest infections. Neutrophil function may be altered in disease, but the reasons are unclear. In chronic disease, sequential pro-inflammatory and pro-repair responses appear distorted. As understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity has expanded, it is suggested that different neutrophil phenotypes may impact on health and disease. Areas covered: In this review, the definition of cellular phenotype, the implication of neutrophil surface markers and functions in chronic lung disease and the complex influences of external, local and genetic factors on these changes are discussed. Literature was accessed up to the 19 July 2019 using: PubMed, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health and the National Centre for Biotechnology Information. Expert opinion: As more is learned about neutrophils, the further we step from the classical view of neutrophils being unrefined killing machines to highly complex and finely tuned cells. Future therapeutics may aim to normalize neutrophil function, but to achieve this, knowledge of phenotypes in humans and how these relate to observed pathology and disease processes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hughes
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Robert Stockley
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
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28
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Galiè M, Covi V, Tabaracci G, Malatesta M. The Role of Nrf2 in the Antioxidant Cellular Response to Medical Ozone Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4009. [PMID: 31426459 PMCID: PMC6720777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a natural, highly unstable atmospheric gas that rapidly decomposes to oxygen. Although not being a radical molecule, O3 is a very strong oxidant and therefore it is potentially toxic for living organisms. However, scientific evidence proved that the effects of O3 exposure are dose-dependent: high dosages stimulate severe oxidative stress resulting in inflammatory response and tissue injury, whereas low O3 concentrations induce a moderate oxidative eustress activating antioxidant pathways. These properties make O3 a powerful medical tool, which can be used as either a disinfectant or an adjuvant agent in the therapy of numerous diseases. In this paper, the cellular mechanisms involved in the antioxidant response to O3 exposure will be reviewed with special reference to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its role in the efficacy of ozone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Galiè
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Viviana Covi
- San Rocco Clinic, Via Monsignor G. V. Moreni 95, I-25018 Montichiari (BS), Italy
| | - Gabriele Tabaracci
- San Rocco Clinic, Via Monsignor G. V. Moreni 95, I-25018 Montichiari (BS), Italy
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
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29
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Mumby S, Chung KF, Adcock IM. Transcriptional Effects of Ozone and Impact on Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1610. [PMID: 31354743 PMCID: PMC6635463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and challenge studies in healthy subjects and in individuals with asthma highlight the health impact of environmental ozone even at levels considered safe. Acute ozone exposure in man results in sputum neutrophilia in 30% of subjects particularly young children, females, and those with ongoing cardiopulmonary disease. This may be associated with systemic inflammation although not in all cases. Chronic exposure amplifies these effects and can result in the formation of asthma-like symptoms and immunopathology. Asthmatic patients who respond to ozone (responders) induce a greater number of genes in bronchoalveolar (BAL) macrophages than healthy responders with up-regulation of inflammatory and immune pathways under the control of cytokines and chemokines and the enhanced expression of remodeling and repair programmes including those associated with protease imbalances and cell-cell adhesion. These pathways are under the control of several key transcription regulatory factors including nuclear factor (NF)-κB, anti-oxidant factors such as nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 NRF2, the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and priming of the immune system by up-regulating toll-like receptor (TLR) expression. Murine and cellular models of acute and chronic ozone exposure recapitulate the inflammatory effects seen in humans and enable the elucidation of key transcriptional pathways. These studies emphasize the importance of distinct transcriptional networks in driving the detrimental effects of ozone. Studies indicate the critical role of mediators including IL-1, IL-17, and IL-33 in driving ozone effects on airway inflammation, remodeling and hyperresponsiveness. Transcription analysis and proof of mechanisms studies will enable the development of drugs to ameliorate the effects of ozone exposure in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Mumby
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Wang J, Dong W. Oxidative stress and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Gene 2018; 678:177-183. [PMID: 30098433 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the progress of modern medicine, oxygen therapy has become a crucial measure for the treatment of premature infants. As an environmental stimulus, in the normal development of lungs, oxygen plays a very important regulatory role. However, the problem is that long-term exposure to hyperoxia can interfere with the development of lungs, leading to irreversible developmental abnormalities. Now, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is increasing year by year. The existing related research shows that although BPD is a multi-factor triggered disease, its main risk factors are the premature exposure to hyperoxia and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As for premature infants, especially very premature babies and those with very low birth weight, prolonged exposure to high oxygen can affect and alter the normal developmental trajectories of lung tissue and vascular beds, triggering developmental disorders, such as BPD. In the relevant studies about human BPD, a large number of them support that ROS is associated with impaired lung development. Neonates, due to the damage in the development of alveolar, are specific to hyperoxia-induced inflammatory damage. This review while focusing on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of BPD, suggests that antioxidant measures may be effective to guard against BPD of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Alaskhar Alhamwe B, Khalaila R, Wolf J, von Bülow V, Harb H, Alhamdan F, Hii CS, Prescott SL, Ferrante A, Renz H, Garn H, Potaczek DP. Histone modifications and their role in epigenetics of atopy and allergic diseases. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 14:39. [PMID: 29796022 PMCID: PMC5966915 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review covers basic aspects of histone modification and the role of posttranslational histone modifications in the development of allergic diseases, including the immune mechanisms underlying this development. Together with DNA methylation, histone modifications (including histone acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, etc.) represent the classical epigenetic mechanisms. However, much less attention has been given to histone modifications than to DNA methylation in the context of allergy. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to provide an unbiased and comprehensive update on the involvement of histone modifications in allergy and the mechanisms underlying this development. In addition to covering the growing interest in the contribution of histone modifications in regulating the development of allergic diseases, this review summarizes some of the evidence supporting this contribution. There are at least two levels at which the role of histone modifications is manifested. One is the regulation of cells that contribute to the allergic inflammation (T cells and macrophages) and those that participate in airway remodeling [(myo-) fibroblasts]. The other is the direct association between histone modifications and allergic phenotypes. Inhibitors of histone-modifying enzymes may potentially be used as anti-allergic drugs. Furthermore, epigenetic patterns may provide novel tools in the diagnosis of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Alaskhar Alhamwe
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
| | - Razi Khalaila
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Wolf
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Verena von Bülow
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hani Harb
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Present Address: Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Fahd Alhamdan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Charles S. Hii
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital Campus, North Adelaide, SA Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Susan L. Prescott
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital Campus, North Adelaide, SA Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Daniel P. Potaczek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
- John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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32
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Li X, Michaeloudes C, Zhang Y, Wiegman CH, Adcock IM, Lian Q, Mak JCW, Bhavsar PK, Chung KF. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1634-1645.e5. [PMID: 28911970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction can contribute to inflammation and remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mesenchymal stem cells protect against lung damage in animal models of COPD. It is unknown whether these effects occur through attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in airway cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the effect of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) on oxidative stress-induce mitochondrial dysfunction in human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in vitro and in mouse lungs in vivo. METHODS ASMCs were cocultured with iPSC-MSCs in the presence of cigarette smoke medium (CSM), and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and apoptosis were measured. Conditioned medium from iPSC-MSCs and transwell cocultures were used to detect any paracrine effects. The effect of systemic injection of iPSC-MSCs on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in ozone-exposed mice was also investigated. RESULTS Coculture of iPSC-MSCs with ASMCs attenuated CSM-induced mitochondrial ROS, apoptosis, and ΔΨm loss in ASMCs. iPSC-MSC-conditioned medium or transwell cocultures with iPSC-MSCs reduced CSM-induced mitochondrial ROS but not ΔΨm or apoptosis in ASMCs. Mitochondrial transfer from iPSC-MSCs to ASMCs was observed after direct coculture and was enhanced by CSM. iPSC-MSCs attenuated ozone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation in mouse lungs. CONCLUSION iPSC-MSCs offered protection against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in human ASMCs and in mouse lungs while reducing airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. These effects are, at least in part, dependent on cell-cell contact, which allows for mitochondrial transfer, and paracrine regulation. Therefore iPSC-MSCs show promise as a therapy for oxidative stress-dependent lung diseases, such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Coen H Wiegman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Bao A, Yang H, Ji J, Chen Y, Bao W, Li F, Zhang M, Zhou X, Li Q, Ben S. Involvements of p38 MAPK and oxidative stress in the ozone-induced enhancement of AHR and pulmonary inflammation in an allergic asthma model. Respir Res 2017; 18:216. [PMID: 29284473 PMCID: PMC5747109 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to ambient ozone (O3) increases the susceptivity to allergens and triggers exacerbations in patients with asthma. However, the detailed mechanisms of action for O3 to trigger asthma exacerbations are still unclear. Methods An ovalbumin (OVA)-established asthmatic mouse model was selected to expose to filtered air (OVA-model) or 1.0 ppm O3 (OVA-O3 model) during the process of OVA challenge. Next, the possible involvements of p38 MAPK and oxidative stress in the ozone actions on the asthma exacerbations were investigated on the mice of OVA-O3 model by treating them with SB239063 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor), and/or the α-tocopherol (antioxidant). Biological measurements were conducted including airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway resistance (Raw), lung compliance (CL), inflammation in the airway lumen and lung parenchyma, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and heat shock protein (HSP) 27 in the tracheal tissues, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in lung tissues. Results In OVA-allergic mice, O3 exposure deteriorated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway resistance (Raw), lung compliance (CL) and pulmonary inflammation, accompanied by the increased oxidative stress in lung tissues and promoted p38 MAPK and HSP27 phosphorylation in tracheal tissues. Administration of SB239063 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) on OVA-O3 model exclusively mitigated the Raw, the CL, and the BAL IL-13 content, while α-tocopherol (antioxidant) differentially reduced the BAL number of eosinophils and macrophages, the content of BAL hyaluronan, the peribronchial inflammation, as well as the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-5 in the lung tissues of OVA-O3 model. Administration of these two chemical inhibitors similarly inhibited the AHR, the BAL IFN-γ and IL-6 production, the perivascular lung inflammation and the lung IL-17 mRNA expression of OVA-O3 model. Interestingly, the combined treatment of both compounds together synergistically inhibited neutrophil counts in the BALF and CXCL-1 gene expression in the lung. Conclusions O3 exposure during the OVA challenge process promoted exacerbation in asthma. Both p38 MAPK and oxidative stress were found to play a critical role in this process and simultaneous inhibition of these two pathways significantly reduced the O3-elicited detrimental effects on the asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ji
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 210, -17177, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuping Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqin Ben
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
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Mirowsky JE, Dailey LA, Devlin RB. Differential expression of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators induced by nitrogen dioxide and ozone in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 28:374-82. [PMID: 27206323 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1185199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT NO2 and O3 are ubiquitous air toxicants capable of inducing lung damage to the respiratory epithelium. Due to their oxidizing capabilities, these pollutants have been proposed to target specific biological pathways, but few publications have compared the pathways activated. OBJECTIVE This work will test the premise that NO2 and O3 induce toxicity by activating similar cellular pathways. METHODS Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs, n = 3 donors) were exposed for 2 h at an air-liquid interface to 3 ppm NO2, 0.75 ppm O3, or filtered air and harvested 1 h post-exposure. To give an overview of pathways that may be influenced by each exposure, gene expression was measured using PCR arrays for toxicity and oxidative stress. Based on the results, genes were selected to quantify whether expression changes were changed in a dose- and time-response manner using NO2 (1, 2, 3, or 5 ppm), O3 (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00 ppm), or filtered air and harvesting 0, 1, 4 and 24 h post-exposure. RESULTS Using the arrays, genes related to oxidative stress were highly induced with NO2 while expression of pro-inflammatory and vascular function genes was found subsequent to O3. NO2 elicited the greatest HMOX1 response, whereas O3 more greatly induced IL-6, IL-8 and PTGS2 expression. Additionally, O3 elicited a greater response 1 h post-exposure and NO2 produced a maximal response after 4 h. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that these two oxidant gases stimulate differing mechanistic responses in vitro and these responses occur at dissimilar times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E Mirowsky
- a Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , NC , USA .,b Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- c Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- c Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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Rogers LK, Cismowski MJ. Oxidative Stress in the Lung - The Essential Paradox. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 7:37-43. [PMID: 29308441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As eukaryotic life evolved, so too did the need for a source of energy that meets the requirements of complex organisms. Oxygen provides this vast potential energy source, but the same chemical reactivity which provides this potential also can have detrimental effects. The lung evolved as an organ that can efficiently promote gas exchange for the entire organism but as such, the lung is highly susceptible to its external environment. Oxygen can be transformed through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes into reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which can lead to protein, lipid, and DNA damage. Under normal conditions ROS/RNS concentrations are minimized through the activity of antioxidants located both intracellularly and in the epithelial lining fluid of the lung. Oxidative stress in the lung results when the antioxidant capacity is overwhelmed or depleted through external exposures, such as altered oxygen tension or air pollution, or internally. Internal sources of oxidative stress include systemic disease and the activation of resident cells and inflammatory cells recruited in response to an exposure or systemic response. Pulmonary responses to oxidative stress include activation of oxidases, lipid peroxidation, increases in nitric oxide, and autophagy. These internal and external exposures with the subsequent pulmonary responses contribute to development of diseases directly linked to oxidative stress. These include asthma, COPD, and lung cancers. While the vulnerability of the lung to oxidative stress is acknowledged, few effective preventative strategies or therapeutics are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette K Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio
| | - Mary J Cismowski
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio
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Mathews JA, Kasahara DI, Cho Y, Bell LN, Gunst PR, Karoly ED, Shore SA. Effect of acute ozone exposure on the lung metabolomes of obese and lean mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181017. [PMID: 28704544 PMCID: PMC5509247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary responses to the air pollutant, ozone, are increased in obesity. Both obesity and ozone cause changes in systemic metabolism. Consequently, we examined the impact of ozone on the lung metabolomes of obese and lean mice. Lean wildtype and obese db/db mice were exposed to acute ozone (2 ppm for 3 h) or air. 24 hours later, the lungs were excised, flushed with PBS to remove blood and analyzed via liquid-chromatography or gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for metabolites. Both obesity and ozone caused changes in the lung metabolome. Of 321 compounds identified, 101 were significantly impacted by obesity in air-exposed mice. These included biochemicals related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which were each increased in lungs of obese versus lean mice. These metabolite changes may be of functional importance given the signaling capacity of these moieties. Ozone differentially affected the lung metabolome in obese versus lean mice. For example, almost all phosphocholine-containing lysolipids were significantly reduced in lean mice, but this effect was attenuated in obese mice. Glutathione metabolism was also differentially affected by ozone in obese and lean mice. Finally, the lung metabolome indicated a role for the microbiome in the effects of both obesity and ozone: all measured bacterial/mammalian co-metabolites were significantly affected by obesity and/or ozone. Thus, metabolic derangements in obesity appear to impact the response to ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Andrew Mathews
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Itiro Kasahara
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Youngji Cho
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lauren Nicole Bell
- Metabolon Incorporated, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Philip Ross Gunst
- Metabolon Incorporated, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edward D. Karoly
- Metabolon Incorporated, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Ann Shore
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Role of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and hyperoxic lung injuries. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1701-1712. [PMID: 28667068 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic illness that usually originates in preterm newborns. Generally, BPD is a consequence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) which, in turn, comes from the early arrest of lung development and the lack of pulmonary surfactant. The need of oxygen therapy to overcome premature newborns' compromised respiratory function generates an increasing amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the onset of sustained oxidative stress (OS) status, and inflammation in the pulmonary alveoli deputies to respiratory exchanges. BPD is a severe and potentially life-threatening disorder that in the most serious cases, can open the way to neurodevelopmental delay. More importantly, there is no adequate intervention to hamper or treat BPD. This perspective article seeks to review the most recent and relevant literature describing the very early stages of BPD and hyperoxic lung injuries focussing on nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis. Indeed, Nrf2/HO1 activation in response to OS induced lung injury in preterm concurs to the induction of certain number of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification pathways that seem to be more powerful than the activation of one single antioxidant gene. These elicited protective effects are able to counteract/mitigate all multifaceted aspects of the disease and may support novel approaches for the management of BPD.
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Henriquez A, House J, Miller DB, Snow SJ, Fisher A, Ren H, Schladweiler MC, Ledbetter AD, Wright F, Kodavanti UP. Adrenal-derived stress hormones modulate ozone-induced lung injury and inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28623178 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ozone-induced systemic effects are modulated through activation of the neuro-hormonal stress response pathway. Adrenal demedullation (DEMED) or bilateral total adrenalectomy (ADREX) inhibits systemic and pulmonary effects of acute ozone exposure. To understand the influence of adrenal-derived stress hormones in mediating ozone-induced lung injury/inflammation, we assessed global gene expression (mRNA sequencing) and selected proteins in lung tissues from male Wistar-Kyoto rats that underwent DEMED, ADREX, or sham surgery (SHAM) prior to their exposure to air or ozone (1ppm), 4h/day for 1 or 2days. Ozone exposure significantly changed the expression of over 2300 genes in lungs of SHAM rats, and these changes were markedly reduced in DEMED and ADREX rats. SHAM surgery but not DEMED or ADREX resulted in activation of multiple ozone-responsive pathways, including glucocorticoid, acute phase response, NRF2, and PI3K-AKT. Predicted targets from sequencing data showed a similarity between transcriptional changes induced by ozone and adrenergic and steroidal modulation of effects in SHAM but not ADREX rats. Ozone-induced increases in lung Il6 in SHAM rats coincided with neutrophilic inflammation, but were diminished in DEMED and ADREX rats. Although ozone exposure in SHAM rats did not significantly alter mRNA expression of Ifnγ and Il-4, the IL-4 protein and ratio of IL-4 to IFNγ (IL-4/IFNγ) proteins increased suggesting a tendency for a Th2 response. This did not occur in ADREX and DEMED rats. We demonstrate that ozone-induced lung injury and neutrophilic inflammation require the presence of circulating epinephrine and corticosterone, which transcriptionally regulates signaling mechanisms involved in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Henriquez
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - John House
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Desinia B Miller
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Anna Fisher
- Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Hongzu Ren
- Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Fred Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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Increased neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) promotes airway remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1147-1159. [PMID: 28381600 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Airway remodelling is an important component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) from neutrophils may drive COPD epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). NGAL expression was quantified in the lungs of COPD patients and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ozone-treated mice. Reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickness and E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression were determined in mice airways. Effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and inflammatory factors on NGAL expression in human neutrophils as well as the effects of NGAL on airway structural cells was assessed. NGAL was mainly distributed in neutrophils and enhanced in lung tissues of both COPD patients and BALF of ozone-treated mice. We showed decreased E-cadherin and increased α-SMA expression in bronchial epithelium and increased RBM thickness in ozone-treated animals. In vitro, CSE, IL-1β and IL-17 enhanced NGAL mRNA expression in human neutrophils. NGAL, in turn, down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin and up-regulated α-SMA expression in 16HBE cells via the WNT/glycogensynthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway. Furthermore, NGAL promoted the proliferation and migration of human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). The present study suggests that elevated NGAL promotes COPD airway remodelling possibly through altered EMT. NGAL may be a potential target for reversing airway obstruction and remodelling in COPD.
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Feng F, Jin Y, Duan L, Yan Z, Wang S, Li F, Liu Y, Samet JM, Wu W. Regulation of ozone-induced lung inflammation by the epidermal growth factor receptor in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:2016-2027. [PMID: 26464147 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to the highly reactive oxidant gas Ozone (O3 ) is associated with inflammatory responses in the airway epithelium. The mechanisms responsible have not been fully elucidated. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has previously been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation. To define the role of EGFR in O3 -induced lung inflammation in mice. 40 BALB/c mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or (0.25, 0.5, 1.00 ppm) O3 for 3 h per day for 7 consecutive days. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), EGF, and transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice were measured using ELISA. BALB/c mice were intratracheally instilled with the EGFR kinase inhibitor PD153035 2 h prior to O3 exposure and every other day thereafter. Phosphorylation of EGFR (Y1068) in lung sections was determined using immunohistochemical staining and western blot 24 h after exposure. Inhalation of O3 induced pronounced lung inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Levels of ROS, TGF-α, and total proteins and cells in the BALF of mice exposed to 0.5 ppm or 1.0 ppm of O3 were markedly elevated relative to those in the BALF of the mice exposed to FA. In addition, exposure to O3 induced EGFR(Y1068) phosphorylation in the airway epithelium. Administration of PD153035 resulted in a significantly reduced lung inflammation as well as EGFR phosphorylation induced by O3 exposure. Inhalation of O3 leads to inflammatory responses that are dependent on the activation the EGFR in the airway epithelium. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 2016-2027, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liju Duan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shouying Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, China
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Jones B, Donovan C, Liu G, Gomez HM, Chimankar V, Harrison CL, Wiegman CH, Adcock IM, Knight DA, Hirota JA, Hansbro PM. Animal models of COPD: What do they tell us? Respirology 2016; 22:21-32. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Jones
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs; Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; London UK
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs; Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; London UK
| | - Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs; Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; London UK
| | - Henry M. Gomez
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs; Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; London UK
| | - Vrushali Chimankar
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs; Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; London UK
| | - Celeste L. Harrison
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs; Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; London UK
| | - Cornelis H. Wiegman
- The Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- The Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Darryl A. Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs; Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; London UK
| | - Jeremy A. Hirota
- James Hogg Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs; Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; London UK
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Bermick JR, Lambrecht NJ, denDekker AD, Kunkel SL, Lukacs NW, Hogaboam CM, Schaller MA. Neonatal monocytes exhibit a unique histone modification landscape. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:99. [PMID: 27660665 PMCID: PMC5028999 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonates have dampened expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and difficulty clearing pathogens. This makes them uniquely susceptible to infections, but the factors regulating neonatal-specific immune responses are poorly understood. Epigenetics, including histone modifications, can activate or silence gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure and stability without affecting the DNA sequence itself and are potentially modifiable. Histone modifications are known to regulate immune cell differentiation and function in adults but have not been well studied in neonates. Results To elucidate the role of histone modifications in neonatal immune function, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation on mononuclear cells from 45 healthy neonates (gestational ages 23–40 weeks). As gestation approached term, there was increased activating H3K4me3 on the pro-inflammatory IL1B, IL6, IL12B, and TNF cytokine promoters (p < 0.01) with no change in repressive H3K27me3, suggesting that these promoters in preterm neonates are less open and accessible to transcription factors than in term neonates. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) was then performed to establish the H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, H3K4me1, H3K27ac, and H3K36me3 landscapes in neonatal and adult CD14+ monocytes. As development progressed from neonate to adult, monocytes lost the poised enhancer mark H3K4me1 and gained the activating mark H3K4me3, without a change in additional histone modifications. This decreased H3K4me3 abundance at immunologically important neonatal monocyte gene promoters, including CCR2, CD300C, ILF2, IL1B, and TNF was associated with reduced gene expression. Conclusions These results provide evidence that neonatal immune cells exist in an epigenetic state that is distinctly different from adults and that this state contributes to neonatal-specific immune responses that leaves them particularly vulnerable to infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0265-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Bermick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1540 E. Medical Center Drive, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital Room 8-621, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Nathalie J Lambrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1540 E. Medical Center Drive, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital Room 8-621, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Aaron D denDekker
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Matthew A Schaller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Air pollution continues to be a major public health concern affecting nine out of 10 individuals living in urban areas worldwide. Exposure to air pollution is the ninth leading risk factor for cardiopulmonary mortality. The aim of this review is to examine the current literature for the most recent updates on health effects of specific air pollutants and their impact on asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and respiratory infection. RECENT FINDINGS A total of 52 publications were reviewed to establish new insights as to how air pollution is associated with pulmonary morbidity and mortality. Considerable past evidence suggests that air pollution is an important factor that enhances pulmonary disease, while also causing greater harm in susceptible populations, such as children, the elderly, and those of low socio-economic status worldwide. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and respiratory infections all seem to be exacerbated because of exposure to a variety of environmental air pollutants with the greatest effects because of particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen oxides. New publications reviewed reaffirm these findings. SUMMARY Continued vigilance will be essential to lessen the effects of air pollution on human health and pulmonary disease. Cooperation at a multinational level will be required on the part of governments, industry, energy-based enterprises, and the public working together to solve our air quality issues at the local, national, and global level.
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Yan Z, Jin Y, An Z, Liu Y, Samet JM, Wu W. Inflammatory cell signaling following exposures to particulate matter and ozone. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2826-34. [PMID: 27015762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3) are two major ambient air pollutants. Epidemiological and toxicological studies have demonstrated exposure to these pollutants is associated with a variety of adverse health effects, including cardiovascular and respiratory disease, in which inflammation is believed to be a common and essential factor. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review mainly focuses on major inflammatory cell signaling pathways triggered by exposure to PM and O3. The receptors covered in this review include the EGF receptor, toll like receptor, and NOD-like receptor. Intracellular signaling protein kinases depicted in this review are phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Activation of antioxidant and inflammatory transcription factors such as NrF2 and NFκB induced by PM and O3 is also discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PM or O3 can activate cellular signaling networks including membrane receptors, intracellular kinases and phosphatases, and transcription factors that regulate inflammatory responses. While PM-induced cell signaling is associated with resultant ROS, O3-induced cell signaling implicates phosphates. Notably, the cellular signaling induced by PM and O3 exposure varies with cell type and physiochemical properties of these pollutants. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Cellular signaling plays a critical role in the regulation of inflammatory pathogenesis. Elucidation of cellular signaling pathways initiated by PM or O3 cannot only help to uncover the mechanisms of air pollutant toxicity but also provide clues for development of interventional measures against air pollution-induced disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Zhen An
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Effects and Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Effects and Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Effects and Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China.
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45
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Russell KE, Chung KF, Clarke CJ, Durham AL, Mallia P, Footitt J, Johnston SL, Barnes PJ, Hall SR, Simpson KD, Starkey MR, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Wiegman CH. The MIF Antagonist ISO-1 Attenuates Corticosteroid-Insensitive Inflammation and Airways Hyperresponsiveness in an Ozone-Induced Model of COPD. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146102. [PMID: 26752192 PMCID: PMC4709227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory cytokine associated with acute and chronic inflammatory disorders and corticosteroid insensitivity. Its expression in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a relatively steroid insensitive inflammatory disease is unclear, however. Methods Sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophages and serum were obtained from non-smokers, smokers and COPD patients. To mimic oxidative stress-induced COPD, mice were exposed to ozone for six-weeks and treated with ISO-1, a MIF inhibitor, and/or dexamethasone before each exposure. BAL fluid and lung tissue were collected after the final exposure. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung function were measured using whole body plethysmography. HIF-1α binding to the Mif promoter was determined by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assays. Results MIF levels in sputum and BAL macrophages from COPD patients were higher than those from non-smokers, with healthy smokers having intermediate levels. MIF expression correlated with that of HIF-1α in all patients groups and in ozone-exposed mice. BAL cell counts, cytokine mRNA and protein expression in lungs and BAL, including MIF, were elevated in ozone-exposed mice and had increased AHR. Dexamethasone had no effect on these parameters in the mouse but ISO-1 attenuated cell recruitment, cytokine release and AHR. Conclusion MIF and HIF-1α levels are elevated in COPD BAL macrophages and inhibition of MIF function blocks corticosteroid-insensitive lung inflammation and AHR. Inhibition of MIF may provide a novel anti-inflammatory approach in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty E. Russell
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Clarke
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Durham
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Mallia
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Footitt
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian L. Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Malcolm R. Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coen H. Wiegman
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Che L, Jin Y, Zhang C, Lai T, Zhou H, Xia L, Tian B, Zhao Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Wu Y, Du J, Li W, Ying S, Chen Z, Shen H. Ozone-induced IL-17A and neutrophilic airway inflammation is orchestrated by the caspase-1-IL-1 cascade. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18680. [PMID: 26739627 PMCID: PMC4703985 DOI: 10.1038/srep18680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone is a common environmental air pollutant leading to respiratory illness. The mechanisms regulating ozone-induced airway inflammation remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that ozone-triggered inflammasome activation and interleukin (IL)-1 production regulate neutrophilic airway inflammation through IL-17A. Pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation was induced by extended (72 h) low-dose (0.7 ppm) exposure to ozone. IL-1 receptor 1 (Il1r1)−/−, Il17a−/− mice and the caspase-1 inhibitor acetyl-YVAD-chloromethylketone (Ac-YVAD-cmk) were used for in vivo studies. Cellular inflammation and protein levels in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), cytokines, and IL-17A-producing γδT-cells, as well as mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, and inflammasome activation in lung macrophages were analyzed. Ozone-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation, accompanied an increased production of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-17A, Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), Interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and BALF protein in the lung. Ozone-induced IL-17A production was predominantly in γδT-cells, and Il17a-knockout mice exhibited reduced airway inflammation. Lung macrophages from ozone-exposed mice exhibited higher levels of mitochondrial ROS, enhanced cytosolic mtDNA, increased caspase-1 activation, and higher production of IL-1β. Il1r1-knockout mice or treatment with Ac-YVAD-cmk decreased the IL-17A production and subsequent airway inflammation. Taken together, we demonstrate that ozone-induced IL-17A and neutrophilic airway inflammation is orchestrated by the caspase-1-IL-1 cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanqing Che
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Lixia Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Baoping Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yinfang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, The Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
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Zhu Y, Li J, Wu Z, Lu Y, You H, Li R, Li B, Yang X, Duan L. Acute exposure of ozone induced pulmonary injury and the protective role of vitamin E through the Nrf2 pathway in Balb/c mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 5:268-277. [PMID: 30090343 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) in the lower atmosphere is generally derived from various sources of human activity. It has become a major air pollutant in China and has been shown to adversely affect the health of humans and animals. We undertook a study to ascertain the molecular mechanism of ozone induced lung injury in mice and tried to demonstrate the protective mechanism of vitamin E. In this study, mice were exposed to clean air and three different concentrations of ozone. Oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde) and Th cytokines in the lung, serum IgE, as well as histopathological examination and the airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) test were used to reflect inflammation and damage to the lungs of ozone-exposed mice. We then chose an effective concentration of ozone and combined treatment with vitamin E (VE) to explore the underlying mechanism of ozone-induced lung damage. The results of immunological and inflammatory biomarkers (total-immunoglobulin (Ig) E and Th cytokines) as well as histopathological examination and AHR assessment supported the notion that high doses of ozone (>0.5 ppm) could induce inflammation and lung injury in mice and that this induction was counteracted by concurrent administration of VE. The elimination of oxidative stress, the reduced Th2 responses and Ig production, and the relief of lung damage were proposed to explain the molecular mechanism of ozone induced lung injury. We also showed that VE, an antioxidant that enhanced the expression of Nrf2 and up-regulated the antioxidant genes HO-1 and NQO1, could decrease the levels of oxidative stress and alleviate ozone-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhu
- College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Jinquan Li
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954.,Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400045 , China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Yu Lu
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Huihui You
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Rui Li
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400045 , China
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Liju Duan
- College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,College of Public Health , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-18768869690
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Chen YC, Huang LT, Tain YL, Chen CC, Sheen JM, Tiao MM, Tsai CM, Kuo HC, Huang CC, Chang KA, Yu HR. Prenatal glucocorticoid contributed to rat lung dysplasia is related to asymmetric dimethylarginine/nitric oxide pathway. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is associated with sustained inflammation, excessive injury, and accelerated lung aging. Human Klotho (KL) is an anti-aging protein that protects cells against inflammation and damage. In the present study, we quantified KL expression in the lungs of COPD patients and in an ozone-induced mouse model of COPD, and investigated the mechanisms that control KL expression and function in the airways. KL distribution and levels in human and mouse airways were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The effect of CSE (cigarette smoke extract) on KL expression was detected in human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, the effect of KL on CSE-mediated inflammation and hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular injury/apoptosis was determined using siRNAs. KL expression was decreased in the lungs of smokers and further reduced in patients with COPD. Similarly, 6 weeks of exposure to ozone decreased KL levels in airway epithelial cells. CSE and TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) decreased KL expression and release from airway epithelial cells, which was associated with enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, KL depletion increased cell sensitivity to cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and oxidative stress-induced cell damage. These effects involved the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathways. Reduced KL expression in COPD airway epithelial cells was associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms associated with the accelerated lung aging in COPD development.
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Abstract
The 2nd Cross Company Respiratory Symposium (CCRS), held in Horsham, U.K. in 2012, brought together representatives from across the pharmaceutical industry with expert academics, in the common interest of improving the design and translational predictiveness of in vivo models of respiratory disease. Organized by the respiratory representatives of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Federations (EFPIA) group of companies involved in the EU-funded project (U-BIOPRED), the aim of the symposium was to identify state-of-the-art improvements in the utility and design of models of respiratory disease, with a view to improving their translational potential and reducing wasteful animal usage. The respiratory research and development community is responding to the challenge of improving translation in several ways: greater collaboration and open sharing of data, careful selection of the species, complexity and chronicity of the models, improved practices in preclinical research, continued refinement in models of respiratory diseases and their sub-types, greater understanding of the biology underlying human respiratory diseases and their sub-types, and finally greater use of human (and especially disease-relevant) cells, tissues and explants. The present review highlights these initiatives, combining lessons from the symposium and papers published in Clinical Science arising from the symposium, with critiques of the models currently used in the settings of asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COPD. The ultimate hope is that this will contribute to a more rational, efficient and sustainable development of a range of new treatments for respiratory diseases that continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality across the world.
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