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Afsar B, Afsar RE, Caliskan Y, Lentine KL, Edwards JC. Renin angiotensin system-induced muscle wasting: putative mechanisms and implications for clinicians. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05043-8. [PMID: 38811433 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Renin angiotensin system (RAS) alters various mechanisms related to muscle wasting. The RAS system consists of classical and non-classical pathways, which mostly function differently. Classical RAS pathway, operates through angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin type 1 receptors, is associated with muscle wasting and sarcopenia. On the other hand, the non-classical RAS pathway, which operates through angiotensin 1-7 and Mas receptor, is protective against sarcopenia. The classical RAS pathway might induce muscle wasting by variety of mechanisms. AngII reduces body weight, via reduction in food intake, possibly by decreasing hypothalamic expression of orexin and neuropeptide Y, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signaling, AngII increases skeletal muscle proteolysis by forkhead box transcription factors (FOXO), caspase activation and muscle RING-finger protein-1 transcription. Furthermore, AngII infusion in skeletal muscle reduces phospho-Bad (Ser136) expression and induces apoptosis through increased cytochrome c release and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, Renin angiotensin system activation through AT1R and AngII stimulates tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 which induces muscle wasting, Last but not least classical RAS pathway, induce oxidative stress, disturb mitochondrial energy metabolism, and muscle satellite cells which all lead to muscle wasting and decrease muscle regeneration. On the contrary, the non-classical RAS pathway functions oppositely to mitigate these mechanisms and protects against muscle wasting. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of RAS-induced muscle wasting and putative implications for clinical practice. We also emphasize the areas of uncertainties and suggest potential research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yasar Caliskan
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krista L Lentine
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Edwards
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Proença AB, Alexandre‐Santos B, Giori IG, Alex‐Marques JSF, Machado‐Santos C, Machado M, Magliano DC, da Nobrega ACL, Frantz EDC. Obesity-induced skeletal muscle remodeling: A comparative analysis of exercise training and ACE-inhibitory drug in male mice. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16025. [PMID: 38684378 PMCID: PMC11058004 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity over-activates the classical arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), impairing skeletal muscle remodeling. We aimed to compare the effect of exercise training and enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on RAS modulation in the skeletal muscle of obese animals. Thus, we divided C57BL/6 mice into two groups: standard chow (SC) and high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. At the eighth week, the HF-fed animals were divided into four subgroups-sedentary (HF), treated with enalapril (HF-E), exercise training protocol (HF-T), and combined interventions (HF-ET). After 8 weeks of treatment, we evaluated body mass and index (BMI), body composition, exercise capacity, muscle morphology, and skeletal muscle molecular markers. All interventions resulted in lower BMI and attenuation of overactivation in the classical arm, while favoring the B2R in the bradykinin receptors profile. This was associated with reduced apoptosis markers in obese skeletal muscles. The HF-T group showed an increase in muscle mass and expression of biosynthesis markers and a reduction in expression of degradation markers and muscle fiber atrophy due to obesity. These findings suggest that the combination intervention did not have a synergistic effect against obesity-induced muscle remodeling. Additionally, the use of enalapril impaired muscle's physiological adaptations to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Proença
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre‐Santos
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Isabele Gomes Giori
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Jaime Silva Filho Alex‐Marques
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Clarice Machado‐Santos
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Histology and Compared EmbryologyFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Marcus Machado
- Biomedical Science DepartmentRoss University School of Veterinary MedicineBasseterreSt. Kitts & Nevis
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute for Science & Technology—INCT Physical (in)Activity & Exercise, CNPqNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute for Science & Technology—INCT Physical (in)Activity & Exercise, CNPqNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Serova M, Didry-Barca B, Deloux R, Foucault AS, Veillet S, Lafont R, Dilda PJ, Latil M. BIO101 stimulates myoblast differentiation and improves muscle function in adult and old mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:55-66. [PMID: 38064183 PMCID: PMC10834314 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle aging is associated with a consistent decrease in the ability of muscle tissue to regenerate following intrinsic muscle degradation, injury or overuse. Age-related imbalance of protein synthesis and degradation, mainly regulated by AKT/mTOR pathway, leads to progressive loss of muscle mass. Maintenance of anabolic and regenerative capacities of skeletal muscles may be regarded as a therapeutic option for sarcopenia and other muscle wasting diseases. Our previous studies have demonstrated that BIO101, a pharmaceutical grade 20-hydroxyecdysone, increases protein synthesis through the activation of MAS receptor involved in the protective arm of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The purpose of the present study was to assess the anabolic and pro-differentiating properties of BIO101 on C2C12 muscle cells in vitro and to investigate its effects on adult and old mice models in vivo. METHODS The effects of BIO101 on C2C12 differentiation were assessed using myogenic transcription factors and protein expression of major kinases of AKT/mTOR pathway by Western blot. The in vivo effects of BIO101 have been investigated in BIO101 orally-treated (50 mg/kg/day) adult mice (3 months) for 28 days. To demonstrate potential beneficial effect of BIO101 treatment in a sarcopenic mouse model, we use orally treated 22-month-old C57Bl6/J mice, for 14 weeks with vehicle or BIO101. Mice body and muscle weight were recorded. Physical performances were assessed using running capacity and muscle contractility tests. RESULTS Anabolic properties of BIO101 were confirmed by the rapid activation of AKT/mTOR, leading to an increase of C2C12 myotubes diameters (+26%, P < 0.001). Pro-differentiating effects of BIO101 on C2C12 myoblasts were revealed by increased expression of muscle-specific differentiation transcription factors (MyoD, myogenin), resulting in increased fusion index and number of nuclei per myotube (+39% and +53%, respectively, at day 6). These effects of BIO101 were like those of angiotensin (1-7) and were abolished with the use of A779, a MAS receptor specific antagonist. Chronic BIO101 oral treatment induced AKT/mTOR activation and anabolic effects accompanied with improved physical performances in adult and old animals (maximal running distance and maximal running velocity). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest beneficial anabolic and pro-differentiating effects of BIO101 rendering BIO101 a potent drug candidate for treating sarcopenia and possibly other muscle wasting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - René Lafont
- Biophytis, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Valero-Breton M, Tacchi F, Abrigo J, Simon F, Cabrera D, Cabello-Verrugio C. Angiotensin-(1-7) improves skeletal muscle regeneration. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:12037. [PMID: 38112612 PMCID: PMC10811632 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses regenerative potential via satellite cells, compromised in muscular dystrophies leading to fibrosis and fat infiltration. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) is commonly associated with pathological states. In contrast, Angiotensin (1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] counters Ang-II, acting via the Mas receptor. While Ang-II affects skeletal muscle regeneration, the influence of Ang-(1-7) remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of Ang-(1-7) in skeletal muscle regeneration. C2C12 cells were differentiated in the absence or presence of 10 nM of Ang-(1-7). The diameter of myotubes and protein levels of myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) were determined. C57BL/6 WT male mice 16-18 weeks old) were randomly assigned to injury-vehicle, injury-Ang-(1-7), and control groups. Ang-(1-7) was administered via osmotic pumps, and muscle injury was induced by injecting barium chloride to assess muscle regeneration through histological analyses. Moreover, embryonic myosin (eMHC) and myogenin protein levels were evaluated. C2C12 myotubes incubated with Ang-(1-7) showed larger diameters than the untreated group and increased myogenin and MHC protein levels during differentiation. Ang-(1-7) administration enhances regeneration by promoting a larger diameter of new muscle fibers. Furthermore, higher numbers of eMHC (+) fibers were observed in the injured-Ang-(1-7), which also had a larger diameter. Moreover, eMHC and myogenin protein levels were elevated, supporting enhanced regeneration due to Ang-(1-7) administration. Ang-(1-7) effectively promotes differentiation in vitroand improves muscle regeneration in the context of injuries, with potential implications for treating muscle-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayalen Valero-Breton
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences. Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago.
| | - Franco Tacchi
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences. Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago.
| | - Johanna Abrigo
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences. Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago.
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), University of Chile, Santiago.
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago.
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences. Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago.
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Is the anti-aging effect of ACE2 due to its role in the renin-angiotensin system?-Findings from a comparison of the aging phenotypes of ACE2-deficient, Tsukuba hypertensive, and Mas-deficient mice. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1210-1220. [PMID: 36788301 PMCID: PMC9925940 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) functions as an enzyme that produces angiotensin 1-7 (A1-7) from angiotensin II (AII) in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We evaluated aging phenotypes, especially skeletal muscle aging, in ACE2 systemically deficient (ACE2 KO) mice and found that ACE2 has an antiaging function. The characteristic aging phenotype observed in ACE2 KO mice was not reproduced in mice deficient in the A1-7 receptor Mas or in Tsukuba hypertensive mice, a model of chronic AII overproduction, suggesting that ACE2 has a RAS-independent antiaging function. In this review, the results we have obtained and related studies on the aging regulatory mechanism mediated by RAS components will be presented and summarized. We evaluated the aging phenotype of ACE2 systemically deficient (ACE2 KO) mice, particularly skeletal muscle aging, and found that ACE2 has an antiaging function. The characteristic aging phenotype observed in ACE2 KO mice was not reproduced in Mas KO mice, angiotensin 1-7 receptor-deficient mice or in Tsukuba hypertensive mice, a model of chronic angiotensin II overproduction, suggesting that the antiaging functions of ACE2 are independent of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).
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Skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling in heart failure: An update on mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Gonzalez A, Abrigo J, Achiardi O, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness: From molecular mechanisms to its impact in COVID-2019. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 36036350 PMCID: PMC9580540 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness (ICU-AW) is a generalized and symmetric neuromuscular dysfunction associated with critical illness and its treatments. Its incidence is approximately 80% in intensive care unit patients, and it manifests as critical illness polyneuropathy, critical illness myopathy, and muscle atrophy. Intensive care unit patients can lose an elevated percentage of their muscle mass in the first days after admission, producing short- and long-term sequelae that affect patients’ quality of life, physical health, and mental health. In 2019, the world was faced with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID-19 produces severe respiratory disorders, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, which increases the risk of developing ICU-AW. COVID-19 patients treated in intensive care units have shown early diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness, polyneuropathy, and myalgia, coinciding with the clinical presentation of ICU-AW. Besides, these patients require prolonged intensive care unit stays, invasive mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit pharmacological therapy, which are risk factors for ICU-AW. Thus, the purposes of this review are to discuss the features of ICU-AW and its effects on skeletal muscle. Further, we will describe the mechanisms involved in the probable development of ICU-AW in severe COVID-19 patients.
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Annoni F, Moro F, Caruso E, Zoerle T, Taccone FS, Zanier ER. Angiotensin-(1-7) as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841692. [PMID: 35355989 PMCID: PMC8959484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a substantial cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Moreover, survivors after the initial bleeding are often subject to secondary brain injuries and delayed cerebral ischemia, further increasing the risk of a poor outcome. In recent years, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been proposed as a target pathway for therapeutic interventions after brain injury. The RAS is a complex system of biochemical reactions critical for several systemic functions, namely, inflammation, vascular tone, endothelial activation, water balance, fibrosis, and apoptosis. The RAS system is classically divided into a pro-inflammatory axis, mediated by angiotensin (Ang)-II and its specific receptor AT1R, and a counterbalancing system, presented in humans as Ang-(1-7) and its receptor, MasR. Experimental data suggest that upregulation of the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis might be neuroprotective in numerous pathological conditions, namely, ischemic stroke, cognitive disorders, Parkinson's disease, and depression. In the presence of SAH, Ang-(1-7)/MasR neuroprotective and modulating properties could help reduce brain damage by acting on neuroinflammation, and through direct vascular and anti-thrombotic effects. Here we review the role of RAS in brain ischemia, with specific focus on SAH and the therapeutic potential of Ang-(1-7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Annoni
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Anderlecht, Belgium
| | - Federico Moro
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Zoerle
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Anderlecht, Belgium
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Meenakshi DU, Sekar M, Chakravarthi S, Kumar DH, Kumari U, Vanteddu VG, Patel TD, Narra K, Sharma PK, Fuloria NK. Etiopathophysiological role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in age‐related muscular weakening: RAAS‐independent beneficial role of ACE2 in muscle weakness. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23030. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine MAHSA University Jenjarom Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak Universiti Kuala Lumpur Ipoh Perak Malaysia
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine MAHSA University Jenjarom Selangor Malaysia
| | - Darnal H. Kumar
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences Monash University Johor Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Usha Kumari
- Faculty of Medicine AIMST University Kedah Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | - Neeraj K. Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy AIMST University Kedah Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital Saveetha University Chennai India
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Li WX, Qin XH, Poon CCW, Wong MS, Feng R, Wang J, Lin FH, Sun YL, Liu SF, Wang YJ, Zhang Y. Vitamin D/Vitamin D Receptor Signaling Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Suppressing Renin-Angiotensin System. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:121-136. [PMID: 34490953 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional level of vitamin D may affect musculoskeletal health. We have reported that vitamin D is a pivotal protector against tissue injuries by suppressing local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This study aimed to explore the role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the protection against muscle atrophy and the underlying mechanism. A cross-sectional study on participants (n = 1034) in Shanghai (China) was performed to analyze the association between vitamin D level and the risk of low muscle strength as well as to detect the circulating level of angiotensin II (Ang II). In animal studies, dexamethasone (Dex) was applied to induce muscle atrophy in wild-type (WT) and VDR-null mice, and the mice with the induction of muscle atrophy were treated with calcitriol for 10 days. The skeletal muscle cell line C2C12 and the muscle satellite cells were applied in in vitro studies. The increased risk of low muscle strength was correlated to a lower level of vitamin D (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.58) accompanied by an elevation in serum Ang II level. Ang II impaired the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts as illustrated by the decrease in the area of myotubes and the downregulation of myogenic factors (myosin heavy chain [MHC] and myogenic differentiation factor D [MyoD]). The phenotype of muscle atrophy induced by Dex and Ang II was aggravated by VDR ablation in mice and in muscle satellite cells, respectively, and mediated by RAS and its downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/forkhead box O1 (PI3K/Akt/FOXO1) signaling. Calcitriol treatment exhibited beneficial effects on muscle function as demonstrated by the increased weight-loaded swimming time, grip strength, and fiber area, and improved fiber type composition via regulating ubiquitin ligases and their substrates MHC and MyoD through suppressing renin/Ang II axis. Taken together, VDR protects against skeletal muscle atrophy by suppressing RAS. Vitamin D could be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiong Li
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Hui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christina Chui-Wa Poon
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Rui Feng
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue-Li Sun
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Fen Liu
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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11
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Sanz B, Rezola-Pardo C, Arrieta H, Fernández-Atutxa A, Lora-Diaz I, Gil-Goikouria J, Rodriguez-Larrad A, Irazusta J. High serum angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity as a biomarker of frailty in nursing home residents. Exp Gerontol 2021; 158:111655. [PMID: 34915109 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are two of the main components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Imbalanced RAS showing lower ACE2 has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, muscular pathologies, sarcopenia, frailty, other age-related pathologies and a poorer health status. However, its role in aging remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the serum enzymatic activity of ACE and ACE2, the ACE/ACE2 ratio and its association with anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, physical function, dependence and frailty in older people living in nursing homes. This study is a secondary analysis of baseline data from two randomized clinical trials in a population of 228 older individuals living in nursing homes (Spain). Serum ACE and ACE2 enzymatic activities were measured by fluorimetry. Variables linked to cardiovascular risk, physical function, dependence and frailty were measured using validated tests, indexes and scales. Association between ACE, ACE2 serum activities, the ACE/ACE2 ratio and the rest of the quantitative variables were assessed by Pearson's correlations and by partial correlations controlled by age and sex. The association between serum ACE and ACE2 activities, the ACE/ACE2 ratio and frailty scores was analyzed by generalized linear models with and without controlling for sex and age. Differences in enzymatic activities between sexes and between frail and non-frail individuals were analyzed using Student's t-test and general linear models to control analysis by age and sex. We found that higher serum ACE2 activity was associated with a higher body mass index, worse physical function, greater dependence and increased frailty. This association is consistent with the elevation of circulating ACE2 in certain pathological conditions and in line with RAS deregulation in muscular dystrophies. Serum ACE2 activity, in combination with other molecules, could be proposed as a biomarker of poor physical function, higher dependence and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Chloe Rezola-Pardo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Haritz Arrieta
- Department of Nursing II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Ainhoa Fernández-Atutxa
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Lora-Diaz
- DomusVi Berra, Berratxo Bidea, 2, 20017 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Javier Gil-Goikouria
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Larrad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
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12
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Albadrani H, Ammar T, Bader M, Renaud JM. Angiotensin 1-7 prevents the excessive force loss resulting from 14- and 28-day denervation in mouse EDL and soleus muscle. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212748. [PMID: 34739541 PMCID: PMC8576869 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Denervation leads to muscle atrophy, which is described as muscle mass and force loss, the latter exceeding expectation from mass loss. The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of angiotensin (Ang) 1–7 at reducing muscle atrophy in mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus following 14- and 28-d denervation periods. Some denervated mice were treated with Ang 1–7 or diminazene aceturate (DIZE), an ACE2 activator, to increase Ang 1–7 levels. Ang 1–7/DIZE treatment had little effect on muscle mass loss and fiber cross-sectional area reduction. Ang 1–7 and DIZE fully prevented the loss of tetanic force normalized to cross-sectional area and accentuated the increase in twitch force in denervated muscle. However, they did not prevent the shift of the force–frequency relationship toward lower stimulation frequencies. The Ang 1–7/DIZE effects on twitch and tetanic force were completely blocked by A779, a MasR antagonist, and were not observed in MasR−/− muscles. Ang 1–7 reduced the extent of membrane depolarization, fully prevented the loss of membrane excitability, and maintained the action potential overshoot in denervated muscles. Ang 1–7 had no effect on the changes in α-actin, myosin, or MuRF-1, atrogin-1 protein content or the content of total or phosphorylated Akt, S6, and 4EPB. This is the first study that provides evidence that Ang 1–7 maintains normal muscle function in terms of maximum force and membrane excitability during 14- and 28-d periods after denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Albadrani
- University of Ottawa, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Majmaah University, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Ammar
- University of Ottawa, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany.,University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Lübeck, Germany.,Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Renaud
- University of Ottawa, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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The Critical Role of Oxidative Stress in Sarcopenic Obesity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4493817. [PMID: 34676021 PMCID: PMC8526202 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4493817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a combination of obesity and sarcopenia that primarily develops in older people. Patients with SO have high fat mass, low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and low physical function. SO relates to metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of morbimortality. The prevalence of SO varies because of lacking consensus criteria regarding its definition and the methodological difficulty in diagnosing sarcopenia and obesity. SO includes systemic alterations such as insulin resistance, increased proinflammatory cytokines, age-associated hormonal changes, and decreased physical activity at pathophysiological levels. Interestingly, these alterations are influenced by oxidative stress, which is a critical factor in altering muscle function and the generation of metabolic dysfunctions. Thus, oxidative stress in SO alters muscle mass, the signaling pathways that control it, satellite cell functions, and mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum activities. Considering this background, our objectives in this review are to describe SO as a highly prevalent condition and look at the role of oxidative stress in SO pathophysiology.
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14
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Li Y, Song J, Jiang Y, Yang X, Cao L, Xiao C, Li S, Dong B, Huang X. Ang-(1-7) protects skeletal muscle function in aged mice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:809. [PMID: 34548056 PMCID: PMC8456668 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin 1–7 (Ang-(1–7)) axis has been shown to protect against the age-associated decline in skeletal muscle function. Here, we investigated the protective effects of ACE2 in mitigating the age-associated decline of skeletal muscle function and to identify the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods We measured the expression levels of Ang-(1–7) in C57BL/6J mice of different ages and correlated these levels with measures of skeletal muscle function. We also investigated the expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2 A (MEF2A) in ACE2 knockout (ACE2KO) mice and its relationship with muscle function. We then treated aged ACE2KO mice for four weeks with Ang-(1–7) and characterized the levels of MEF2A and skeletal muscle function before and after treatment. We assessed the impact of Ang-(1–7) on the growth and differentiation of C2C12 cells in vitro and assessed changes in expression of the glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4). Results Aged mice showed reduced skeletal muscle function and levels of Ang-(1–7) expression in comparison to young and middle-aged mice. In ACE2KO mice, skeletal muscle function and MEF2A protein expression were significantly lower than in age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. After one month of Ang-(1–7) treatment, skeletal muscle function in the aged ACE2KO mice improved, while MEF2A protein expression was similar to that in the untreated group. In C2C12 cells, Ang-(1–7) was shown to promote along with the upregulated expression of Glut4. Conclusions The ACE2/ Ang-(1–7) axis has a protective function in skeletal muscle and administration of exogenous Ang-(1–7) can delay the age-related decline in the function of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Song
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Cao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Suli Li
- Chengdu Koamy Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Birong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China. .,The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Sichuan providence, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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15
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Nguyen BL, Yoshihara T, Deminice R, Lawrence J, Ozdemir M, Hyatt H, Powers SK. Alterations in renin-angiotensin receptors are not responsible for exercise preconditioning of skeletal muscle fibers. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:148-156. [PMID: 35784524 PMCID: PMC9219300 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training promotes a protective phenotype in skeletal muscle known as exercise preconditioning. Exercise preconditioning protects muscle fibers against a variety of threats including inactivity-induced muscle atrophy. The mechanism(s) responsible for exercise preconditioning remain unknown and are explored in these experiments. Specifically, we investigated the impact of endurance exercise training on key components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The RAS was targeted because activation of the classical axis of the RAS pathway via angiotensin II type I receptors (AT1Rs) promotes muscle atrophy whereas activation of the non-classical RAS axis via Mas receptors (MasRs) inhibits the atrophic signaling of the classical RAS pathway. Guided by prior studies, we hypothesized that an exercise-induced decrease in AT1Rs and/or increases in MasRs in skeletal muscle fibers is a potential mechanism responsible for exercise preconditioning. Following endurance exercise training in rats, we examined the abundance of AT1Rs and MasRs in both locomotor and respiratory muscles. Our results indicate that endurance exercise training does not alter the protein abundance of AT1Rs or MasRs in muscle fibers from the diaphragm, plantaris, and soleus muscles compared to sedentary controls (p > 0.05). Furthermore, fluorescent angiotensin II (AngII) binding analyses confirm our results that exercise preconditioning does not alter the protein abundance of AT1Rs in the diaphragm, plantaris, and soleus (p > 0.05). This study confirms that exercise-induced changes in RAS receptors are not a key mechanism that contributes to the beneficial effects of exercise preconditioning in skeletal muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden L. Nguyen
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
- Department of Physical Education, University of Estadual of Londrina, Londrina, 10011, Brazil
| | - Jensen Lawrence
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Hayden Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Scott K. Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
- Corresponding authors. Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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16
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Takeshita H, Yamamoto K, Mogi M, Wang Y, Nozato Y, Fujimoto T, Yokoyama S, Hongyo K, Nakagami F, Akasaka H, Takami Y, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K, Horiuchi M, Rakugi H. Double Deletion of Angiotensin II Type 2 and Mas Receptors Accelerates Aging-Related Muscle Weakness in Male Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021030. [PMID: 34212761 PMCID: PMC8403326 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.021030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The activation of AT2 (angiotensin II type 2 receptor ) and Mas receptor by angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7), respectively, is the primary process that counteracts activation of the canonical renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Although inhibition of canonical RAS could delay the progression of physiological aging, we recently reported that deletion of Mas had no impact on the aging process in mice. Here, we used male mice with a deletion of only AT2 or a double deletion of AT2 and Mas to clarify whether these receptors contribute to the aging process in a complementary manner, primarily by focusing on aging-related muscle weakness. Methods and Results Serial changes in grip strength of these mice up to 24 months of age showed that AT2/Mas knockout mice, but not AT2 knockout mice, had significantly weaker grip strength than wild-type mice from the age of 18 months. AT2/Mas knockout mice exhibited larger sizes, but smaller numbers and increased frequency of central nucleation (a marker of aged muscle) of single skeletal muscle fibers than AT2 knockout mice. Canonical RAS-associated genes, inflammation-associated genes, and senescence-associated genes were highly expressed in skeletal muscles of AT2/Mas knockout mice. Muscle angiotensin II content increased in AT2/Mas knockout mice. Conclusions Double deletion of AT2 and Mas in mice exaggerated aging-associated muscle weakness, accompanied by signatures of activated RAS, inflammation, and aging in skeletal muscles. Because aging-associated phenotypes were absent in single deletions of the receptors, AT2 and Mas could complement each other in preventing local activation of RAS during aging.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hand Strength
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Strength/genetics
- Muscle Weakness/genetics
- Muscle Weakness/metabolism
- Muscle Weakness/pathology
- Muscle Weakness/physiopathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Phenotype
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/deficiency
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Takeshita
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of PharmacologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineEhimeJapan
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yoichi Nozato
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Serina Yokoyama
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Hongyo
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Futoshi Nakagami
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yoichi Takami
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and PharmacologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineEhimeJapan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
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17
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Totou NL, de Moura SS, Martins Júnior FDAD, de Sousa FB, Coelho DB, de Oliveira EC, Dos Santos RAS, Becker LK, de Lima WG. Oral administration of angiotensin-(1-7) decreases muscle damage and prevents the fibrosis in rats after eccentric exercise. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1710-1719. [PMID: 33998067 DOI: 10.1113/ep089308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Eccentric contraction exercises cause damage to muscle fibres and induce inflammatory responses. The exacerbation of this process can induce deposition of fibrous connective tissue, leading to decreased muscle function. The aim of this study was to examine the role of angiotensin-(1-7) in this context. What is the main finding and its importance? Our results show that oral treatment with angiotensin-(1-7) decreases muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise, reducing inflammation and fibrosis in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. This study shows a potential effect of angiotensin-(1-7) for the prevention of muscle injuries induced by physical exercise. ABSTRACT Eccentric contraction exercises cause damage to the muscle fibres and induce an inflammatory reaction. The protective effect of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] in skeletal muscle has led us to examine the role of this peptide in modifying processes associated with inflammation and fibrogenesis induced by eccentric exercise. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of oral administration of Ang-(1-7) formulated in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) in prevention and treatment of muscle damage after downhill running. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (untreated and not exercised; n = 10); treated/exercised HPβ-CD Ang-(1-7) (n = 40); and treated/exercised HPβ-CD (n = 40). Exercised groups were subjected to a single eccentric contraction exercise session on a treadmill inclined to -13° at a constant speed of 20 m/min, for 60 min. Oral administration of HPβ-CD Ang-(1-7) and HPβ-CD was performed 3 h before the exercise protocol and daily as a single dose, until the end of the experiment. Samples were collected 4, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the exercise session. The animals treated with the Ang-(1-7) showed lower levels of creatine kinase, lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in soleus muscle and increased levels of interleukin-10 cytokines. The inflammatory cells and deposition of fibrous connective tissue in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were lower in the group treated with Ang-(1-7). The results of this study show that treatment with an oral formulation of Ang-(1-7) enhances the process of repair of muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Lúcia Totou
- Biological Sciences Research Center - Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samara Silva de Moura
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Frederico Barros de Sousa
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Supramolecular Systems (LSPS), Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Federal University of Itajuba (UNIFEI), Itajuba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson Cruz de Oliveira
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Biological Sciences Research Center - Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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18
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Lower limb strength training (LLST) modulates serum and urinary levels of renin angiotensin system molecules in healthy young males. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Awad AS, Nour El-Din M, Kamel R. CoQ10 augments candesartan protective effect against tourniquet-induced hind limb ischemia-reperfusion: Involvement of non-classical RAS and ROS pathways. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:724-733. [PMID: 34400868 PMCID: PMC8347674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourniquet is a well-established model of hind limb ischemia–reperfusion (HLI/R) in rats. Nevertheless, measures should be taken to alleviate the expected injury from ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R). In the present study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6): control, HLI/R, HLI/R given candesartan (1 mg/kg, P.O); HLI/R given Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (10 mg/kg, P.O); HLI/R given candesartan (0.5 mg/kg) and CoQ10 (5 mg/kg). The drugs were administered for 7 days starting one hour after reperfusion. Candesartan and CoQ10 as well as their combination suppressed gastrocnemius content of angiotensin II while they raised angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity, angiotensin (1–7) expression, and Mas receptor mRNA level. Consequently, candesartan and/or CoQ10 reversed the oxidative stress and inflammatory changes that occurred following HLI/R as demonstrated by the rise of SOD activity and the decline of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 skeletal muscle content. Additionally, candesartan and/or CoQ10 diminished gastrocnemius active caspase-3 level and phospho-p38 MAPK protein expression. Our study proved that CoQ10 enhanced the beneficial effect of candesartan in a model of tourniquet-induced HLI/R by affecting classical and non-classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the impact of CoQ10 on skeletal muscle RAS in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza S Awad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Nasr City, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nour El-Din
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Menoufia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
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20
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de Moura SS, Mendes ATP, de Assis Dias Martins-Júnior F, Totou NL, Coelho DB, Oliveira ECD, Motta-Santos D, Dos Santos RAS, Becker LK. Angiotensin-(1-7) oral formulation improves physical performance in mountain bike athletes: a double-blinded crossover study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:47. [PMID: 33957973 PMCID: PMC8101253 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ECA2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis is shown to be involved in effects mediated by physical exercise, as it can induce the release of nitric oxide (ON) and bradykinin (BK), which are potent vasodilators. The vasodilating action the NO/BK can contribute to increased metabolic efficiency in muscle tissue and central nervous system. The formulation HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) through its mechanisms of action can be a promising supplement to aid in the maintenance and improvement of performance and may also favor recovery during competitions. The premise of this study was to investigate the effects of acute oral supplementation HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) on the performance of mountain bike (MTB) practitioners. METHODS Fourteen recreational athletes, involved in training programs for at least one year, participated in this crossover design study. Subjects underwent two days of testing with a seven-day interval. HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) (1.75 mg) and HPβCD-Placebo were provided in capsules three hours prior to tests. To determine the safety of the HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) formulation associated with physical effort, cardiovascular parameters heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were analyzed. Physical performance was measured using maximal oxygen uptake (VO2), total exercise time (TET), mechanical work (MW), mechanical efficiency (ME), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Respiratory exchange coefficient (REC), lactate and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were measured. Maximal incremental tests were performed on a progressively loaded leg cycle ergometer. RESULTS There were no significant differences in terms of HR or BP at rest and maximum effort between the HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) and placebo groups. The VO2max showed significant differences (p = 0.04). It was higher in the Ang-(1-7)condition (66.15 mlO2.kg- 1.min- 1) compared to the placebo (60.72 mlO2.kg- 1.min- 1). This was also observed for TET (Ang-(1-7) 39.10 min vs. placebo 38.14 min; p = 0.04), MW (Ang-(1-7) 156.7 vs. placebo 148.2; p = 0.04), and at the lowest RPE (Ang-(1-7) vs. placebo; p = 0.009). No significant differences were observed for REC, NEFAs, or Lactate. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) improves the physical performance of MTB recreational athletes and could be a promising supplement. TRIAL REGISTRATION RBR-2 × 56pw8, registered January 15th, 2021. The study was prospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Silva de Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nádia Lúcia Totou
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Emerson Cruz de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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21
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Yoshihara T, Deminice R, Hyatt HW, Ozdemir M, Nguyen BL, Powers SK. Angiotensin 1-7 protects against ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1512-1523. [PMID: 33742769 PMCID: PMC8301547 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life‐saving instrument used to provide ventilatory support for critically ill patients and patients undergoing surgery. Unfortunately, an unintended consequence of prolonged MV is the development of inspiratory weakness due to both diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction; this syndrome is labeled ventilator‐induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). VIDD is clinically important because diaphragmatic weakness is an important contributor to problems in weaning patients from MV. Investigations into the pathogenesis of VIDD reveal that oxidative stress is essential for the rapid development of VIDD as redox disturbances in diaphragm fibers promote accelerated proteolysis. Currently, no standard treatment exists to prevent VIDD and, therefore, developing a strategy to avert VIDD is vital. Guided by evidence indicating that activation of the classical axis of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in diaphragm fibers promotes oxidative stress and VIDD, we hypothesized that activation of the nonclassical RAS signaling pathway via angiotensin 1‐7 (Ang1‐7) will protect against VIDD. Using an established animal model of prolonged MV, our results disclose that infusion of Ang1‐7 protects the diaphragm against MV‐induced contractile dysfunction and fiber atrophy in both fast and slow muscle fibers. Further, Ang1‐7 shielded diaphragm fibers against MV‐induced mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and protease activation. Collectively, these results reveal that treatment with Ang1‐7 protects against VIDD, in part, due to diminishing oxidative stress and protease activation. These important findings provide robust evidence that Ang1‐7 has the therapeutic potential to protect against VIDD by preventing MV‐induced contractile dysfunction and atrophy of both slow and fast muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Hayden W Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Branden L Nguyen
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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22
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Ning L, Rong J, Zhang Z, Xu Y. Therapeutic approaches targeting renin-angiotensin system in sepsis and its complications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105409. [PMID: 33465472 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, caused by the inappropriate host response to infection, is characterized by excessive inflammatory response and organ dysfunction, thus becomes a critical clinical problem. Commonly, sepsis may progress to septic shock and severe complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD), liver dysfunction, cerebral dysfunction, and skeletal muscle atrophy, which predominantly contribute to high mortality. Additionally, the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raised the concern of development of effectve therapeutic strategies for viral sepsis. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may represent as a potent therapeutic target for sepsis therapy. The emerging role of RAS in the pathogenesis of sepsis has been investigated and several preclinical and clinical trials targeting RAS for sepsis treatment revealed promising outcomes. Herein, we attempt to review the effects and mechanisms of RAS manipulation on sepsis and its complications and provide new insights into optimizing RAS interventions for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ning
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jiabing Rong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Yinchuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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23
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ACE2, angiotensin 1-7 and skeletal muscle: review in the era of COVID-19. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:3047-3062. [PMID: 33231620 PMCID: PMC7687025 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is a multifunctional transmembrane protein recently recognised as the entry receptor of the virus causing COVID-19. In the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), ACE2 cleaves angiotensin II (Ang II) into angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), which is considered to exert cellular responses to counteract the activation of the RAS primarily through a receptor, Mas, in multiple organs including skeletal muscle. Previous studies have provided abundant evidence suggesting that Ang 1-7 modulates multiple signalling pathways leading to protection from pathological muscle remodelling and muscle insulin resistance. In contrast, there is relatively little evidence to support the protective role of ACE2 in skeletal muscle. The potential contribution of endogenous ACE2 to the regulation of Ang 1-7-mediated protection of these muscle pathologies is discussed in this review. Recent studies have suggested that ACE2 protects against ageing-associated muscle wasting (sarcopenia) through its function to modulate molecules outside of the RAS. Thus, the potential association of sarcopenia with ACE2 and the associated molecules outside of RAS is also presented herein. Further, we introduce the transcriptional regulation of muscle ACE2 by drugs or exercise, and briefly discuss the potential role of ACE2 in the development of COVID-19.
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24
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Angiotensin-(1-7) Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy via the Mas Receptor in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249344. [PMID: 33302427 PMCID: PMC7762589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy, which occurs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis, causes a severe muscle function reduction. The increased autophagy contributes to sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in a model of LPS injection, increasing LC3II/LC3I ratio, autophagy flux, and autophagosomes. Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) has anti-atrophic effects via the Mas receptor in skeletal muscle. However, the impact of Ang-(1-7) on LPS-induced autophagy is unknown. In this study, we determined the effect of Ang-(1-7) on sepsis-induced muscle autophagy. C57BL6 wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking the Mas receptor (KO Mas) were injected with LPS together with the systemic administration of Ang-(1-7) to determine autophagy in skeletal muscle. We also evaluated autophagy and p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)activation. Our results show that Ang-(1-7) prevents LPS-induced autophagy in the diaphragm, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius of WT mice, which is demonstrated by a decrease in the LC3II/LC3I ratio and mRNA levels of lc3b and ctsl. This effect was lost in KO Mas mice, suggesting the role of the Mas receptor. The results in C2C12 cells show that Ang-(1-7) reduces several LPS-dependent effects, such as autophagy (LC3II/LC3I ratio, autophagic flux, and autophagosomes), activation of p38 and JNK, B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) phosphorylation, and disassembly of the Beclin1/BCL2 complex. In conclusion, Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor reduces LPS-induced autophagy in skeletal muscle. In vitro assays indicate that Ang-(1-7) prevents LPS-induced autophagy and modifies the MAPK signaling and the disassembly of a complex involved at the beginning of autophagy.
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25
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Gonzalez A, Orozco-Aguilar J, Achiardi O, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C. SARS-CoV-2/Renin-Angiotensin System: Deciphering the Clues for a Couple with Potentially Harmful Effects on Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217904. [PMID: 33114359 PMCID: PMC7663203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced significant health emergencies worldwide, resulting in the declaration by the World Health Organization of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Acute respiratory syndrome seems to be the most common manifestation of COVID-19. A high proportion of patients require intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation (MV) to survive. It has been well established that angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) is the primary cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 belongs to the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), composed of several peptides, such as angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin (1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). Both peptides regulate muscle mass and function. It has been described that SARS-CoV-2 infection, by direct and indirect mechanisms, affects a broad range of organ systems. In the skeletal muscle, through unbalanced RAS activity, SARS-CoV-2 could induce severe consequences such as loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function, which will delay and interfere with the recovery process of patients with COVID-19. This article discusses the relationship between RAS, SARS-CoV-2, skeletal muscle, and the potentially harmful consequences for skeletal muscle in patients currently infected with and recovering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (A.G.); (J.O.-A.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Josué Orozco-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (A.G.); (J.O.-A.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Oscar Achiardi
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile;
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (A.G.); (J.O.-A.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +56-227-703-665
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26
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Yang W, Huang J, Wu H, Wang Y, Du Z, Ling Y, Wang W, Wu Q, Gao W. Molecular mechanisms of cancer cachexia‑induced muscle atrophy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4967-4980. [PMID: 33174001 PMCID: PMC7646947 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a severe clinical problem involving the loss of muscle mass and strength that frequently accompanies the development of numerous types of cancer, including pancreatic, lung and gastric cancers. Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a continuous decline in skeletal muscle mass that cannot be reversed by conventional nutritional therapy. The pathophysiological characteristic of cancer cachexia is a negative protein and energy balance caused by a combination of factors, including reduced food intake and metabolic abnormalities. Numerous necessary cellular processes are disrupted by the presence of abnormal metabolites, which mediate several intracellular signaling pathways and result in the net loss of cytoplasm and organelles in atrophic skeletal muscle during various states of cancer cachexia. Currently, the clinical morbidity and mortality rates of patients with cancer cachexia are high. Once a patient enters the cachexia phase, the consequences are difficult to reverse and the treatment methods for cancer cachexia are very limited. The present review aimed to summarize the recent discoveries regarding the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy and provided novel ideas for the comprehensive treatment to improve the prognosis of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- Department of Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyin Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbo Ling
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Weizhuo Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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27
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Cao C, Hasegawa Y, Hayashi K, Takemoto Y, Kim-Mitsuyama S. Chronic Angiotensin 1-7 Infusion Prevents Angiotensin-II-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Injury in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:297-309. [PMID: 30958350 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly viewed as a neurological disease accompanied by a systemic disorder. Accumulating evidence supports that angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 exert opposite effects on various organs including the brain. However, the interaction between angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 in AD remains to be defined. The present study was undertaken to examine the interaction between these peptides in AD. 5XFAD mice, a useful model of AD, were separated into three groups: 1) saline-infused, 2) angiotensin II-infused, and 3) angiotensin II-infused and angiotensin 1-7-co-infused. These peptides were systemically given to 5XFAD mice via osmotic minipump for 4 weeks. Systemic angiotensin II infusion for 4 weeks induced significant hypertension in both wild-type and 5XFAD mice. Angiotensin II induced cognitive abnormality in 5XFAD mice as estimated by the Morris water maze test and the nest building test, and this effect was associated with cerebral blood flow reduction, cortical arterial amyloid-β deposition, hippocampal inflammation, and neuron loss in 5XFAD mice. In addition, angiotensin II infusion led to gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in 5XFAD mice. Co-infusion of angiotensin 1-7 prevented the above mentioned detrimental effects of angiotensin II in the brain and gastrocnemius muscle in 5XFAD mice, without significant influence on blood pressure. The left ventricular hypertrophic response to angiotensin II was attenuated in 5XFAD mice compared with wild-type mice, which was not significantly altered by co-administration of angiotensin 1-7. Our results show that angiotensin 1-7 counteracts angiotensin II-induced cognitive impairment, brain injury, and skeletal muscle injury in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenyu Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yushin Takemoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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28
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Aguirre F, Abrigo J, Gonzalez F, Gonzalez A, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C. Protective Effect of Angiotensin 1-7 on Sarcopenia Induced by Chronic Liver Disease in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113891. [PMID: 32485991 PMCID: PMC7312494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia associated with chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the more common extrahepatic features in patients with these pathologies. Among the cellular alterations observed in the muscle tissue under CLD is the decline in the muscle strength and function, as well as the increased fatigue. Morphological changes, such as a decrease in the fiber diameter and transition in the fiber type, are also reported. At the molecular level, sarcopenia for CLD is characterized by: (i) a decrease in the sarcomeric protein, such as myosin heavy chain (MHC); (ii) an increase in the ubiquitin–proteasome system markers, such as atrogin-1/MAFbx1 and MuRF-1/TRIM63; (iii) an increase in autophagy markers, such as LC3II/LC3I ratio. Among the regulators of muscle mass is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The non-classical axis of RAS includes the Angiotensin 1–7 [Ang-(1-7)] peptide and its receptor Mas, which in skeletal muscle has anti-atrophic effect in models of muscle wasting induced by immobilization, lipopolysaccharide, myostatin or angiotensin II. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of Ang-(1-7) on the sarcopenia by CLD in a murine model induced by the 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) hepatotoxin administered through diet. Our results show that Ang-(1-7) administration prevented the decline of the function and strength of muscle and increased the fatigue detected in the DDC-fed mice. Besides, we observed that the decreased fiber diameter and MHC levels, as well as the transition of fiber types, were all abolished by Ang-(1-7) in mice fed with DDC. Finally, Ang-(1-7) can decrease the atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression as well as the autophagy marker in mice treated with DDC. Together, our data support the protective role of Ang-(1-7) on the sarcopenia by CLD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aguirre
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.A.); (J.A.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Johanna Abrigo
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.A.); (J.A.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Francisco Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.A.); (J.A.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.A.); (J.A.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.A.); (J.A.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +56227703665
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29
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Mogi M. Effect of renin-angiotensin system on senescence. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20:520-525. [PMID: 32346971 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays crucial roles in the control of blood pressure and sodium homeostasis. Moreover, RAS also acts as a key player in cell and organ senescence, mainly by activation of the classical axis of angiotensin (Ang) converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang II/Ang II type 1 receptor via overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Overactivation of the classical RAS axis induces organ dysfunction in the vasculature, brain, kidney and skeletal muscle, resulting in atherosclerosis, stroke, chronic kidney disease and sarcopenia. Moreover, RAS has been shown to regulate lifespan, using gene-modification models. Recently, mice lacking the Ang II type 1 receptor were shown to exhibit an increase in lifespan compared with control mice. Here, the effect of RAS on age-related tissue dysfunction in several organs is reviewed, including not only the classical axis but also protective functions of RAS such as the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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30
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Järve A, Qadri F, Todiras M, Schmolke S, Alenina N, Bader M. Angiotensin-(1-7) Receptor Mas Deficiency Does Not Exacerbate Cardiac Atrophy Following High-Level Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:203. [PMID: 32226394 PMCID: PMC7080696 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a morphological and functional deterioration of the heart, in which the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) might play a role. The recently discovered non-canonical axis of RAS with angiotensin-(1–7) and its receptor Mas, which is associated with cardioprotection could be essential to prevent damage to the heart following SCI. We investigated the cardiac consequences of SCI and the role of Mas in female wild-type (WT, n = 22) and mice deficient of Mas (Mas–/–, n = 25) which underwent spinal cord transection at thoracic level T4 (T4-Tx) or sham-operation by echocardiography (0, 7, 21, and 28 days post-SCI), histology and gene expression analysis at 1 or 2 months post-SCI. We found left ventricular mass reduction with preserved ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening in WT as well as Mas–/– mice. Cardiac output was reduced in Mas–/– mice, whereas stroke volume (SV) was reduced in WT T4-Tx mice. Echocardiographic indices did not differ between the genotypes. Smaller heart weight (HW) and smaller cardiomyocyte diameter at 1 month post-SCI compared to sham mice was independent of genotype. The muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 were upregulated or showed a trend for upregulation in WT mice at 2 months post-SCI, respectively. Angiotensinogen gene expression was upregulated at 1 month post-SCI and angiotensin II receptor type 2 downregulated at 2 month post-SCI in Mas–/– mice. Mas was downregulated post-SCI. Cardiac atrophy following SCI, not exacerbated by lack of Mas, is a physiological reaction as there were no signs of cardiac pathology and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Järve
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, Berlin, Germany.,Partner Site Berlin, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, Berlin, Germany.,Nicolae Testemiţanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chişinãu, Moldova
| | - Shirley Schmolke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, Berlin, Germany.,Partner Site Berlin, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, Berlin, Germany.,Partner Site Berlin, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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31
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Aravena J, Abrigo J, Gonzalez F, Aguirre F, Gonzalez A, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C. Angiotensin (1-7) Decreases Myostatin-Induced NF-κB Signaling and Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031167. [PMID: 32050585 PMCID: PMC7037856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin is a myokine that regulates muscle function and mass, producing muscle atrophy. Myostatin induces the degradation of myofibrillar proteins, such as myosin heavy chain or troponin. The main pathway that mediates protein degradation during muscle atrophy is the ubiquitin proteasome system, by increasing the expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. In addition, myostatin activates the NF-κB signaling pathway. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) also regulates muscle mass. Angiotensin (1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) has anti-atrophic properties in skeletal muscle. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of Ang-(1-7) on muscle atrophy and signaling induced by myostatin. The results show that Ang-(1-7) prevented the decrease of the myotube diameter and myofibrillar protein levels induced by myostatin. Ang-(1-7) also abolished the increase of myostatin-induced reactive oxygen species production, atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and TNF-α gene expressions and NF-κB signaling activation. Ang-(1-7) inhibited the activity mediated by myostatin through Mas receptor, as is demonstrated by the loss of all Ang-(1-7)-induced effects when the Mas receptor antagonist A779 was used. Our results show that the effects of Ang-(1-7) on the myostatin-dependent muscle atrophy and signaling are blocked by MK-2206, an inhibitor of Akt/PKB. Together, these data indicate that Ang-(1-7) inhibited muscle atrophy and signaling induced by myostatin through a mechanism dependent on Mas receptor and Akt/PKB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aravena
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Johanna Abrigo
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Francisco Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Francisco Aguirre
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +5622-770-3665
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Henríquez-Olguín C, Boronat S, Cabello-Verrugio C, Jaimovich E, Hidalgo E, Jensen TE. The Emerging Roles of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 2 in Skeletal Muscle Redox Signaling and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1371-1410. [PMID: 31588777 PMCID: PMC6859696 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue to whole-body locomotion and metabolic health. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as intracellular messengers participating in both physiological and pathological adaptations in skeletal muscle. A complex interplay between ROS-producing enzymes and antioxidant networks exists in different subcellular compartments of mature skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a major source of contraction- and insulin-stimulated oxidants production, but they may paradoxically also contribute to muscle insulin resistance and atrophy. Recent Advances: Pharmacological and molecular biological tools, including redox-sensitive probes and transgenic mouse models, have generated novel insights into compartmentalized redox signaling and suggested that NOX2 contributes to redox control of skeletal muscle metabolism. Critical Issues: Major outstanding questions in skeletal muscle include where NOX2 activation occurs under different conditions in health and disease, how NOX2 activation is regulated, how superoxide/hydrogen peroxide generated by NOX2 reaches the cytosol, what the signaling mediators are downstream of NOX2, and the role of NOX2 for different physiological and pathophysiological processes. Future Directions: Future research should utilize and expand the current redox-signaling toolbox to clarify the NOX2-dependent mechanisms in skeletal muscle and determine whether the proposed functions of NOX2 in cells and animal models are conserved into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Different effects of the deletion of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and chronic activation of the renin-angiotensin system on muscle weakness in middle-aged mice. Hypertens Res 2019; 43:296-304. [PMID: 31853045 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been shown to alleviate muscle atrophy both under pathological conditions and during physiological aging. We recently reported that the deletion of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which converts Angiotensin II to Angiotensin-(1-7) in mice, leads to the early manifestation of aging-associated muscle weakness along with the increased expression of p16INK4a, a senescence-associated gene, and increased central nuclei in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in middle age. As ACE2 is multifunctional and functions beyond its role in the RAS, we investigated whether activation of the RAS primarily contributes to muscle weakness in ACE2 knockout (KO) mice by comparing these mice to Tsukuba hypertensive (TH) mice that overproduce human angiotensin II. The grip strength of young (6 months) and middle-aged (15 months) TH mice was consistently lower than that of wild-type mice at the same ages. Middle-aged TH mice were continuously lean with extremely reduced adiposity. Central nuclei in the gastrocnemius (GM) muscle were increased in ACE2KO mice, while no apparent morphological change was observed in the GM muscles of TH mice. Increased expression of p16INK4a along with alterations in the expression of several sarcopenia-associated genes were observed in the GM muscles of ACE2KO mice but not TH mice. These findings suggest that chronic overactivation of the RAS does not primarily contribute to the early aging phenotypes of skeletal muscle in ACE2KO mice.
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Abrigo J, Marín T, Aguirre F, Tacchi F, Vilos C, Simon F, Arrese M, Cabrera D, Cabello-Verrugio C. N-Acetyl Cysteine Attenuates the Sarcopenia and Muscle Apoptosis Induced by Chronic Liver Disease. Curr Mol Med 2019; 20:60-71. [DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190917124636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and
strength (muscle atrophy) because of aging or chronic diseases, such as chronic liver
disease (CLD). Different mechanisms are involved in skeletal muscle atrophy, including
decreased muscle fibre diameter and myosin heavy chain levels and increased
ubiquitin–proteasome pathway activity, oxidative stress and myonuclear apoptosis. We
recently found that all these mechanisms, except myonuclear apoptosis, which was not
evaluated in the previous study, were involved in muscle atrophy associated with
hepatotoxin 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced CLD.
Objective:
In the present study, we evaluated the involvement of myonuclear apoptosis
in CLD-associated sarcopenia and the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment on
muscle strength and apoptosis, using a DDC-supplemented diet-fed mouse model.
Methods:
Four-month-old male C57BL6 mice were fed with a standard or DDCsupplemented
diet for six weeks in the absence or presence of NAC treatment.
Results:
Our results showed that NAC attenuated the decrease in muscle fibre diameter
and muscle strength associated with CLD-induced muscle wasting in gastrocnemius
(GA) muscle of DDC-supplemented diet-fed mice. In addition, in GA muscle of the mice
fed with DDC-supplemented diet-induced CLD showed increased myonuclear apoptosis
compared with the GA muscle of the control diet-fed mice, as evidenced by increased
apoptotic nuclei number, caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression, enzymatic activity of
caspase-3 and BAX/BCL-2 ratio. NAC treatment inhibited all the mechanisms
associated with myonuclear apoptosis in the GA muscle.
Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first study which reports the redox regulation
of muscle strength and myonuclear apoptosis in CLD-induced sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Abrigo
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tabita Marín
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Aguirre
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Tacchi
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Vilos
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Facultad de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Facultad de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Becker LK, Totou NL, Oliveira MF, Coelho DB, de Oliveira EC, Motta-Santos D, Silami-Garcia E, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Santos RAS. Lifetime overproduction of circulating angiotensin-(1-7) in rats attenuates the increase in skeletal muscle damage biomarkers after exhaustive exercise. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2019; 62:226-230. [PMID: 31670287 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_57_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-[1-7]) can modulate glucose metabolism and protect against muscular damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of lifetime increase of circulating levels of Ang-(1-7) at exhaustive swimming exercise (ESE). Sprague-Dawley (SD) and transgenic rats TGR(A1-7)3292 (TR) which overproduce Ang-(1-7) (2.5-fold increase) were submitted to ESE. The data showed no differences in time to exhaustion (SD: 4.90 ± 1.37 h vs. TR: 5.15 ± 1.15 h), creatine kinase, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Lactate dehydrogenase (SD: 219.9 ± 12.04 U/L vs. TR: 143.9 ± 35.21 U/L) and α-actinin (SD: 336.7 ± 104.5 U/L vs. TR: 224.6 ± 82.45 U/L) values were significantly lower in TR. There was a significant decrease in the range of blood glucose levels (SD: -41.4 ± 28.32 mg/dl vs. TR: -13.08 ± 39.63 mg/dl) in SD rats. Muscle (SD: 0.06 ± 0.02 mg/g vs. TR: 0.13 ± 0.01 mg/g) and hepatic glycogen (SD: 0.66 ± 0.36 mg/g vs. TG: 2.24 ± 1.85 mg/g) in TR were higher. The TR presented attenuation of the increase in skeletal muscle damage biomarkers and of the changes in glucose metabolism after ESE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenice Kappes Becker
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Nádia Lúcia Totou
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Flávia Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silami-Garcia
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Angiotensin 1-7 alleviates aging-associated muscle weakness and bone loss, but is not associated with accelerated aging in ACE2-knockout mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:2005-2018. [PMID: 31519791 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-angiotensin 1-7 (A1-7)-A1-7 receptor (Mas) axis plays a protective role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We recently found that ACE2 knockout (ACE2KO) mice exhibit earlier aging-associated muscle weakness, and that A1-7 alleviates muscle weakness in aging mice. In the present study, we investigated the role of the A1-7-Mas pathway in the effect of ACE2 on physiological aging. Male wild-type, ACE2KO, and Mas knockout (MasKO) mice were subjected to periodical grip strength measurement, followed by administration of A1-7 or vehicle for 4 weeks at 24 months of age. ACE2KO mice exhibited decreased grip strength after 6 months of age, while grip strength of MasKO mice was similar to that of wild-type mice. A1-7 improved grip strength in ACE2KO and wild-type mice, but not in MasKO mice. Muscle fibre size was smaller in ACE2KO mice than that in wild-type and MasKO mice, and increased with A1-7 in ACE2KO and WT mice, but not in MasKO mice. Centrally nucleated fibres (CNFs) and expression of the senescence-associated gene p16INK4a in skeletal muscles were enhanced only in ACE2KO mice and were not altered by A1-7. ACE2KO mice, but not MasKO mice, exhibited thinning of peripheral fat along with increased adipose expression of p16INK4a A1-7 significantly increased bone volume in wild-type and ACE2KO mice, but not in MasKO mice. Our findings suggest that the impact of ACE2 on physiological aging does not depend on the endogenous production of A1-7 by ACE2, while overactivation of the A1-7-Mas pathway could alleviate sarcopenia and osteoporosis in aged mice.
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Winslow MA, Hall SE. Muscle wasting: A review of exercise, classical and non-classical RAS axes. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5836-5845. [PMID: 31273946 PMCID: PMC6714228 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review identifies how the classical/non‐classical renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) and exercise influence muscle wasting. The classical RAS axis enhances muscle loss through the interaction with NADPH oxidase (NOX), ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), protein synthesis and fibrosis pathways. The mainstream hypothesis identifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the key pathway in muscle, this review recognizes alternative pathways that lead to an increase in muscle wasting through the classical RAS axis. In addition, pathways in which the non‐classical RAS axis and exercise inhibit the classical RAS axis are also explored. The non‐classical RAS axis and exercise have a significant negative impact on ROS production and protein synthesis. The non‐classical RAS axis has been identified in this review to directly affect protein synthesis pathways not by altering the pre‐existing intracellular ROS level, further supporting the idea that muscle wasting caused by the classical RAS system is not entirely due to ROS production. Exercise has been identified to modify the RAS axes making it a therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Winslow
- Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho
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Zambelli V, Sigurtà A, Rizzi L, Zucca L, Delvecchio P, Bresciani E, Torsello A, Bellani G. Angiotensin-(1-7) exerts a protective action in a rat model of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Intensive Care Med Exp 2019; 7:8. [PMID: 30659381 PMCID: PMC6338614 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-018-0218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD) is a common event during mechanical ventilation (MV) leading to rapid muscular atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Recent data show that renin-angiotensin system is involved in diaphragmatic skeletal muscle atrophy after MV. In particular, angiotensin-II can induce marked diaphragm muscle wasting, whereas angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7)) could counteract this activity. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the treatment with Ang-(1–7) in a rat model of VIDD with neuromuscular blocking agent infusion. Moreover, we studied whether the administration of A-779, an antagonist of Ang-(1–7) receptor (Mas), alone or in combination with PD123319, an antagonist of AT2 receptor, could antagonize the effects of Ang-(1–7). Methods Sprague-Dawley rats underwent prolonged MV (8 h), while receiving an iv infusion of sterile saline 0.9% (vehicle) or Ang-(1–7) or Ang-(1–7) + A-779 or Ang-(1–7) + A-779 + PD123319. Diaphragms were collected for ex vivo contractility measurement (with electric stimulation), histological analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis. Results MV resulted in a significant reduction of diaphragmatic contractility in all groups of treatment. Ang-(1–7)-treated rats showed higher muscular fibers cross-sectional area and lower atrogin-1 and myogenin mRNA levels, compared to vehicle treatment. Treatment with the antagonists of Mas and Ang-II receptor 2 (AT2R) caused a significant reduction of muscular contractility and an increase of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 mRNA levels, not affecting the cross-sectional fiber area and myogenin mRNA levels. Conclusions Systemic Ang-(1–7) administration during MV exerts a protective role on the muscular fibers of the diaphragm preserving muscular fibers anatomy, and reducing atrophy. The involvement of Mas and AT2R in the mechanism of action of Ang-(1–7) still remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zambelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Sigurtà
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rizzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Letizia Zucca
- Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Delvecchio
- Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elena Bresciani
- Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Torsello
- Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
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Murphy KT, Hossain MI, Swiderski K, Chee A, Naim T, Trieu J, Haynes V, Read SJ, Stapleton DI, Judge SM, Trevino JG, Judge AR, Lynch GS. Mas Receptor Activation Slows Tumor Growth and Attenuates Muscle Wasting in Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 79:706-719. [PMID: 30420474 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with significant functional impairment. Cachexia robs patients of their strength and capacity to perform daily tasks and live independently. Effective treatments are needed urgently. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of activating the "alternative" axis of the renin-angiotensin system, involving ACE2, angiotensin-(1-7), and the mitochondrial assembly receptor (MasR), for treating cancer cachexia. Plasmid overexpression of the MasR or pharmacologic angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR activation did not affect healthy muscle fiber size in vitro or in vivo but attenuated atrophy induced by coculture with cancer cells in vitro. In mice with cancer cachexia, the MasR agonist AVE 0991 slowed tumor development, reduced weight loss, improved locomotor activity, and attenuated muscle wasting, with the majority of these effects dependent on the orexigenic and not antitumor properties of AVE 0991. Proteomic profiling and IHC revealed that mechanisms underlying AVE 0991 effects on skeletal muscle involved miR-23a-regulated preservation of the fast, glycolytic fibers. MasR activation is a novel regulator of muscle phenotype, and AVE 0991 has orexigenic, anticachectic, and antitumorigenic effects, identifying it as a promising adjunct therapy for cancer and other serious muscle wasting conditions. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that MasR activation has multiple benefits of being orexigenic, anticachectic, and antitumorigenic, revealing it as a potential adjunct therapy for cancer.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/4/706/F1.large.jpg.See related commentary by Rupert et al., p. 699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate T Murphy
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mohammed I Hossain
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristy Swiderski
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annabel Chee
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timur Naim
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Trieu
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa Haynes
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzannah J Read
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David I Stapleton
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah M Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jose G Trevino
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew R Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Powers SK, Morton AB, Hyatt H, Hinkley MJ. The Renin-Angiotensin System and Skeletal Muscle. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2018; 46:205-214. [PMID: 30001274 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the control of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Emerging evidence also reveals that hyperactivity of the RAS contributes to skeletal muscle wasting. This review discusses the key role that the RAS plays in skeletal muscle wasting due to congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and ventilator-induced diaphragmatic wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Takeshita H, Yamamoto K, Nozato S, Takeda M, Fukada SI, Inagaki T, Tsuchimochi H, Shirai M, Nozato Y, Fujimoto T, Imaizumi Y, Yokoyama S, Nagasawa M, Hamano G, Hongyo K, Kawai T, Hanasaki-Yamamoto H, Takeda S, Takahashi T, Akasaka H, Itoh N, Takami Y, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K, Nakagami H, Rakugi H. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 deficiency accelerates and angiotensin 1-7 restores age-related muscle weakness in mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:975-986. [PMID: 30207087 PMCID: PMC6204583 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pharmacologic strategy for age-related muscle weakness is desired to improve mortality and disability in the elderly. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cleaves angiotensin II into angiotensin 1-7, a peptide known to protect against acute and chronic skeletal muscle injury in rodents. Since physiological aging induces muscle weakness via mechanisms distinct from other muscle disorders, the role of ACE2-angiotensin 1-7 in age-related muscle weakness remains undetermined. Here, we investigated whether deletion of ACE2 alters the development of muscle weakness by aging and whether angiotensin 1-7 reverses muscle weakness in older mice. METHODS After periodic measurement of grip strength and running distance in male ACE2KO and wild-type mice until 24 months of age, we infused angiotensin 1-7 or vehicle for 4 weeks, and measured grip strength, and excised tissues. Tissues were also excised from younger (3-month-old) and middle-aged (15-month-old) mice. Microarray analysis of RNA was performed using tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from middle-aged mice, and some genes were further tested using RT-PCR. RESULTS Grip strength of ACE2KO mice was reduced at 6 months and was persistently lower than that of wild-type mice (p < 0.01 at 6, 12, 18, and 24-month-old). Running distance of ACE2KO mice was shorter than that of wild-type mice only at 24 months of age [371 ± 26 vs. 479 ± 24 (m), p < 0.01]. Angiotensin 1-7 improved grip strength in both types of older mice, with larger effects observed in ACE2KO mice (% increase, 3.8 ± 1.5 and 13.3 ± 3.1 in wild type and ACE2KO mice, respectively). Older, but not middle-aged ACE2KO mice had higher oxygen consumption assessed by a metabolic cage than age-matched wild-type mice. Angiotensin 1-7 infusion modestly increased oxygen consumption in older mice. There was no difference in a wheel-running activity or glucose tolerance between ACE2KO and wild-type mice and between mice with vehicle and angiotensin 1-7 infusion. Analysis of TA muscles revealed that p16INK4a, a senescence-associated gene, and central nuclei of myofibers increased in middle-aged, but not younger ACE2KO mice. p16INK4a and central nuclei increased in TA muscles of older wild-type mice, but the differences between ACE2KO and wild-type mice remained significant (p < 0.01). Angiotensin 1-7 did not alter the expression of p16INK4a or central nuclei in TA muscles of both types of mice. Muscle ACE2 expression of wild-type mice was the lowest at middle age (2.6 times lower than younger age, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Deletion of ACE2 induced the early manifestation of muscle weakness with signatures of muscle senescence. Angiotensin 1-7 improved muscle function in older mice, supporting future application of the peptide or its analogues in the treatment of muscle weakness in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Takeshita
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoko Nozato
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Takeda
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - So-Ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadakatsu Inagaki
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nozato
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Imaizumi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Serina Yokoyama
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motonori Nagasawa
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Go Hamano
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hongyo
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hanasaki-Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuko Takeda
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihisa Itoh
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takami
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Honorato-Sampaio K, Andrade RF, Bader M, Martins ADS, Santos RAS, Reis AM. Genetic deletion of the Angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas leads to a reduced ovulatory rate. Peptides 2018; 107:83-88. [PMID: 30121361 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is a component of Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) that acts through activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor Mas. Recent studies highlight Ang-(1-7) as an intermediate of gonadotropin in ovarian physiology. Genetically Mas-deficient mice allow the investigation of Ang-(1-7) in the ovulatory process. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of Mas gene deletion on ovulation to confirm our hypothesis that Mas Knockout (Mas-KO) mice exhibit impairment in the ovulatory outcome. First, we evaluated the breeding data from our animal facilities and from a breeding experiment. The ovulation was observed directly from oviducts after a superovulation protocol and in the estrus morning. We also checked the follicular pool and mRNA expression of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in ovaries to investigate a possible reason underlying the reduced ovulation. Mas-KO mice showed a reduced litter size and decreased spontaneous ovulatory rate. Ovarian stimulation by gonadotropins reversed ovulation outcome in Mas-KO mice. Mas deficiency also promoted a reduced ovarian follicular pool and lower IGF-1 mRNA levels, suggesting that Mas receptor plays a role in the survival of ovarian follicle. The reduction of ovulatory rate highlights the relevance of Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in female reproduction, probably through a reduction of IGF-1 mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinulpe Honorato-Sampaio
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renato Ferreira Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Almir de Souza Martins
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adelina Martha Reis
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Modulation of the renin-angiotensin system in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle: focus on exercise training. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1487-1507. [PMID: 30037837 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) increases the classical arm (Ang-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang II/Ang type 1 receptor (AT1R)) to the detriment of the protective arm (ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas receptor (MasR)). The components of the RAS are present locally in white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle, which act co-operatively, through specific mediators, in response to pathophysiological changes. In WAT, up-regulation of the classical arm promotes lipogenesis and reduces lipolysis and adipogenesis, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and lipid storage, which are related to insulin resistance and increased inflammation. In skeletal muscle, the classical arm promotes protein degradation and increases the inflammatory status and oxidative stress, leading to muscle wasting. Conversely, the protective arm plays a counter-regulatory role by opposing the effect of Ang II. The accumulation of adipose tissue and muscle mass loss is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, which could be related, in part, to overactivation of the RAS. On the other hand, exercise training (ExT) shifts the balance of the RAS towards the protective arm, promoting the inhibition of the classical arm in parallel with the stimulation of the protective arm. Thus, fat mobilization and maintenance of muscle mass and function are facilitated. However, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced changes in the RAS remain unclear. In this review, we present the RAS as a key mechanism of WAT and skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss the interaction between the RAS and exercise and the possible underlying mechanisms of the health-related aspects of ExT.
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Sarcopenia in a mice model of chronic liver disease: role of the ubiquitin–proteasome system and oxidative stress. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1503-1519. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Vasileiadis IE, Goudis CA, Giannakopoulou PT, Liu T. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: A Promising Medication for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? COPD 2018. [PMID: 29521545 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2018.1432034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disorder that primarily affects the lungs and is characterized not only by local pulmonary, but also by systemic inflammation which promotes the development of extrapulmonary and cardiovascular co-morbidities. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) are widely used drugs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, with growing evidence suggesting potential benefits in COPD patients. The purpose of this review is to describe the correlation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with COPD pathophysiology and to present the latest data regarding the potential role of RAS blockers in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis E Vasileiadis
- a Department of Cardiology , General Hospital of Thessaloniki G. Papanikolaou , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Christos A Goudis
- b Department of Cardiology , General Hospital of Serres , Serres , Greece
| | - Pinelopi T Giannakopoulou
- a Department of Cardiology , General Hospital of Thessaloniki G. Papanikolaou , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Tong Liu
- c Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology , Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
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Santos RAS, Sampaio WO, Alzamora AC, Motta-Santos D, Alenina N, Bader M, Campagnole-Santos MJ. The ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/MAS Axis of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Focus on Angiotensin-(1-7). Physiol Rev 2018; 98:505-553. [PMID: 29351514 PMCID: PMC7203574 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key player in the control of the cardiovascular system and hydroelectrolyte balance, with an influence on organs and functions throughout the body. The classical view of this system saw it as a sequence of many enzymatic steps that culminate in the production of a single biologically active metabolite, the octapeptide angiotensin (ANG) II, by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The past two decades have revealed new functions for some of the intermediate products, beyond their roles as substrates along the classical route. They may be processed in alternative ways by enzymes such as the ACE homolog ACE2. One effect is to establish a second axis through ACE2/ANG-(1-7)/MAS, whose end point is the metabolite ANG-(1-7). ACE2 and other enzymes can form ANG-(1-7) directly or indirectly from either the decapeptide ANG I or from ANG II. In many cases, this second axis appears to counteract or modulate the effects of the classical axis. ANG-(1-7) itself acts on the receptor MAS to influence a range of mechanisms in the heart, kidney, brain, and other tissues. This review highlights the current knowledge about the roles of ANG-(1-7) in physiology and disease, with particular emphasis on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Walkyria Oliveira Sampaio
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Andreia C Alzamora
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
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Stilhano RS, Samoto VY, Silva LM, Pereira GJ, Erustes AG, Smaili SS, Won Han S. Reduction in skeletal muscle fibrosis of spontaneously hypertensive rats after laceration by microRNA targeting angiotensin II receptor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186719. [PMID: 29059221 PMCID: PMC5653346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of injured skeletal muscles is affected by fibrosis, which can be improved by the administration of angiotensin II (AngII) receptor (ATR) blockers in normotensive animals. However, the role of ATR in skeletal muscle fibrosis in hypertensive organisms has not been investigated yet. The tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar rats (WR) were lacerated and a lentivector encoding a microRNA targeting AngII receptor type 1 (At1) (Lv-mirAT1a) or control (Lv-mirCTL) was injected. The TA muscles were collected after 30 days to evaluate fibrosis by histology and gene expression by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. SHR's myoblasts were analyzed by RT-qPCR, 48 h after transduction. In the SHR's TA, AT1 protein expression was 23.5-fold higher than in WR without injury, but no difference was observed in the angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2) protein expression. TA laceration followed by suture (LS) produced fibrosis in the SHR (23.3±8.5%) and WR (7.9±1.5%). Lv-mirAT1 treatment decreased At1 gene expression in 50% and reduced fibrosis to 7% 30 days after. RT-qPCR showed that reduction in At1 expression is due to downregulation of the At1a but not of the At1b. RT-qPCR of myoblasts from SHR transduced with Lv-mirAT1a showed downregulation of the Tgf-b1, Tgf-b2, Smad3, Col1a1, and Col3a1 genes by mirAT1a. In vivo and in vitro studies indicate that hypertension overproduces skeletal muscle fibrosis, and AngII-AT1a signaling is the main pathway of fibrosis in SHR. Moreover, muscle fibrosis can be treated specifically by in loco injection of Lv-mirAT1a without affecting other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sessa Stilhano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Yochiko Samoto
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Martins Silva
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo José Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Garcia Erustes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sang Won Han
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Frantz EDC, Giori IG, Machado MV, Magliano DC, Freitas FM, Andrade MSB, Vieira AB, Nóbrega ACL, Tibiriçá E. High, but not low, exercise volume shifts the balance of renin-angiotensin system toward ACE2/Mas receptor axis in skeletal muscle in obese rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E473-E482. [PMID: 28679623 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00078.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors that is linked to central obesity, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia, where the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may provide a link among them. This study aimed to evaluate volume exercise effects comparing low vs. high volume of chronic aerobic exercise on RAS axes in skeletal muscle in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model. For this, male Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed a standard chow (SC) diet or a high-fat (HF) diet for 32 wk. Animals receiving the HF diet were randomly divided into low exercise volume (LEV, 150 min/wk) and high exercise volume (HEV, 300 min/wk) at the 20th week. After 12 wk of aerobic treadmill training, the body mass and composition, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, RAS axes, insulin signaling, and inflammatory pathway were performed. HEV slowed the body mass gain, reduced intra-abdominal fat pad and leptin levels, improved total and peripheral body composition and inflammatory cytokine, reduced angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression, and increased Mas receptor protein expression compared with the HF animals. Sedentary groups (SC and HF) presented lower time to exhaustion and maximal velocity compared with the LEV and HEV groups. Both exercise training groups showed reduced resting systolic blood pressure and heart rate, improved glucose tolerance, IR, insulin signaling, and lipid profile. We conclude that the HEV, but not LEV, shifted the balance of RAS toward the ACE2/Mas receptor axis in skeletal muscle, presenting protective effects against the DIO model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Isabele Gomes Giori
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Marcus Vinícius Machado
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Fernanda Marques Freitas
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Mariana Sodré Boêta Andrade
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Aline Bomfim Vieira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Eduardo Tibiriçá
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cabello-Verrugio C, Rivera JC, Garcia D. Skeletal muscle wasting: new role of nonclassical renin-angiotensin system. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:158-163. [PMID: 28207424 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Skeletal muscle can be affected by many physiological and pathological conditions that contribute to the development of muscle weakness, including skeletal muscle loss, inflammatory processes, or fibrosis. Therefore, research into therapeutic treatment alternatives or alleviation of these effects on skeletal muscle is of great importance. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that angiotensin (1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] - a vasoactive peptide of the nonclassical axis in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) - and its Mas receptor are expressed in skeletal muscle. Ang-(1-7), through its Mas receptor, prevents or diminishes deleterious effects induced by skeletal muscle disease or injury. Specifically, the Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis modulates molecular mechanisms involved in muscle mass regulation, such as the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, the insulin-like growth factor type 1/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, or myonuclear apoptosis, and also inflammation and fibrosis pathways. SUMMARY Although further research into this topic and the possible side effects of Ang-(1-7) is necessary, these findings are promising, and suggest that the Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis can be considered a possible therapeutic target for treating patients with muscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- aLaboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile bMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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Karnik SS, Singh KD, Tirupula K, Unal H. Significance of angiotensin 1-7 coupling with MAS1 receptor and other GPCRs to the renin-angiotensin system: IUPHAR Review 22. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:737-753. [PMID: 28194766 PMCID: PMC5387002 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensins are a group of hormonal peptides and include angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 produced by the renin angiotensin system. The biology, pharmacology and biochemistry of the receptors for angiotensins were extensively reviewed recently. In the review, the receptor nomenclature committee was not emphatic on designating MAS1 as the angiotensin 1-7 receptor on the basis of lack of classical G protein signalling and desensitization in response to angiotensin 1-7, as well as a lack of consensus on confirmatory ligand pharmacological analyses. A review of recent publications (2013-2016) on the rapidly progressing research on angiotensin 1-7 revealed that MAS1 and two additional receptors can function as 'angiotensin 1-7 receptors', and this deserves further consideration. In this review we have summarized the information on angiotensin 1-7 receptors and their crosstalk with classical angiotensin II receptors in the context of the functions of the renin angiotensin system. It was concluded that the receptors for angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 make up a sophisticated cross-regulated signalling network that modulates the endogenous protective and pathogenic facets of the renin angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Kalyan Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
- Biological E Limited, ShamirpetHyderabadIndia
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell CenterErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
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