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Huang XD, Jiang DS, Feng X, Fang ZM. The benefits of oral glucose-lowering agents: GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176698. [PMID: 38821168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease that, on average, results in 8.5 million deaths worldwide each year. Timely revascularization of occluded vessels is a critical method of myocardial salvage. However, reperfusion paradoxically leads to the worsening of myocardial damage known as myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Therefore, reducing the size of myocardial infarction after reperfusion is critical and remains an important therapeutic goal. The susceptibility of the myocardium to MI/RI may be increased by diabetes. Currently, some traditional antidiabetic agents such as metformin reduce MI/RI by decreasing inflammation, inhibiting oxidative stress, and improving vascular endothelial function. This appears to be a new direction for the treatment of MI/RI. Recent cardiovascular outcome trials have shown that several oral antidiabetic agents, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), and sodium-glucose-linked transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is), not only have good antidiabetic effects but also have a protective effect on myocardial protection. This article aims to discuss the mechanisms and effects of oral antidiabetic agents, including GLP-1RAs, DPP-4is, and SGLT-2is, on MI/RI to facilitate their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ze-Min Fang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Boshchenko AA, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Zhuravleva OA, Slidnevskaya AS, Naryzhnaya NV, Zinovieva AS, Ilinykh PA. Peptides Are Cardioprotective Drugs of the Future: The Receptor and Signaling Mechanisms of the Cardioprotective Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4900. [PMID: 38732142 PMCID: PMC11084666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main problems of modern cardiology. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to create more effective drugs for the treatment of AMI than those currently used in the clinic. Such drugs could be enzyme-resistant peptide analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists can prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cardiac injury. In addition, chronic administration of GLP1R agonists can alleviate the development of adverse cardiac remodeling in myocardial infarction, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. GLP1R agonists can protect the heart against oxidative stress and reduce proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) expression in the myocardium. GLP1R stimulation inhibits apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes. The activation of the GLP1R augments autophagy and mitophagy in the myocardium. GLP1R agonists downregulate reactive species generation through the activation of Epac and the GLP1R/PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway. The GLP1R, kinases (PKCε, PKA, Akt, AMPK, PI3K, ERK1/2, mTOR, GSK-3β, PKG, MEK1/2, and MKK3), enzymes (HO-1 and eNOS), transcription factors (STAT3, CREB, Nrf2, and FoxO3), KATP channel opening, and MPT pore closing are involved in the cardioprotective effect of GLP1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla A. Boshchenko
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Leonid N. Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Mukhomedzyanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga A. Zhuravleva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alisa S. Slidnevskaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Naryzhnaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Arina S. Zinovieva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Sharma A, De Blasio M, Ritchie R. Current challenges in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis: Recent insights into the sex-specific differences of glucose-lowering therapies on the diabetic heart: IUPHAR Review 33. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2916-2933. [PMID: 35174479 PMCID: PMC10952904 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant cardiac complication of diabetes is cardiomyopathy, a form of ventricular dysfunction that develops independently of coronary artery disease, hypertension and valvular diseases, which may subsequently lead to heart failure. Several structural features underlie the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and eventual diabetes-induced heart failure. Pathological cardiac fibrosis (interstitial and perivascular), in addition to capillary rarefaction and myocardial apoptosis, are particularly noteworthy. Sex differences in the incidence, development and presentation of diabetes, heart failure and interstitial myocardial fibrosis have been identified. Nevertheless, therapeutics specifically targeting diabetes-associated cardiac fibrosis remain lacking and treatment approaches remain the same regardless of patient sex or the co-morbidities that patients may present. This review addresses the observed anti-fibrotic effects of newer glucose-lowering therapies and traditional cardiovascular disease treatments, in the diabetic myocardium (from both preclinical and clinical contexts). Furthermore, any known sex differences in these treatment effects are also explored. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipree Sharma
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Miles De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PharmacologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rebecca Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PharmacologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of MedicineMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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4
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Liraglutide Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Inhibition of Necroptosis by Activating GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:161-175. [PMID: 36934206 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a crucial programmed cell death that is tightly associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Liraglutide is an effective option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and has recently been reported to exert cardioprotective effects on MI/RI. Researchers do not know whether the cardioprotective effect of liraglutide is involved in regulating necroptosis. This study aimed to explore the effect of liraglutide on MI/RI-induced necroptosis and its potential mechanisms. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was performed on H9c2 cells in vitro to simulate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and an MI/RI rat model was established in vivo by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. H/R or I/R damage was assessed by performing biochemical assay, Hoechst 33342/PI staining, H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) staining, and Annexin-V/PI staining. Our data revealed that liraglutide resulted in markedly increased cell viability and reduced cardiac enzyme release by protecting cardiomyocytes from a necrosis-like phenotype after H/R. The myocardial infarct size and cardiac enzyme release were reduced in the heart tissues from the liraglutide-treated group. The levels of necroptosis-associated proteins (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), p-RIPK3, and phosphorylated-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL)) were also reduced by the liraglutide treatment. Mechanistically, we revealed that liraglutide exerted cardioprotective effects through a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent pathway. Both the GLP-1R inhibitor exendin (9-39) and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abrogated the protective effects of liraglutide in vitro. We found that liraglutide may attenuate MI/RI by inhibiting necroptosis, in part by enhancing the activity of the GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Martins D, Garcia LR, Queiroz DAR, Lazzarin T, Tonon CR, Balin PDS, Polegato BF, de Paiva SAR, Azevedo PS, Minicucci MF, Zornoff L. Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Target of Cardiac Remodeling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122371. [PMID: 36552578 PMCID: PMC9774406 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is defined as a group of molecular, cellular, and interstitial changes that clinically manifest as changes in the heart's size, mass, geometry, and function after different stimuli. It is important to emphasize that remodeling plays a pathophysiological role in the onset and progression of ventricular dysfunction and subsequent heart failure. Therefore, strategies to mitigate this process are critical. Different factors, including neurohormonal activation, can regulate the remodeling process and increase cell death, alterations in contractile and regulatory proteins, alterations in energy metabolism, changes in genomics, inflammation, changes in calcium transit, metalloproteases activation, fibrosis, alterations in matricellular proteins, and changes in left ventricular geometry, among other mechanisms. More recently, the role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress as modulators of remodeling has been gaining attention. Therefore, this review assesses the role of oxidative stress as a therapeutic target of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Martins
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Rufino Garcia
- Surgery and Orthopedics Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Diego Aparecido Rios Queiroz
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Taline Lazzarin
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rodrigues Tonon
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Paola da Silva Balin
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Bertha Furlan Polegato
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Sergio Alberto Rupp de Paiva
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Paula Schmidt Azevedo
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Marcos Ferreira Minicucci
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Zornoff
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 01049-010, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Qi L, Gao R, Chen Z, Lin D, Liu Z, Wang L, Lin L, Liu X, Liu X, Liu L. Liraglutide reduces oxidative stress and improves energy metabolism in methylglyoxal-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:166-179. [PMID: 35985417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus can result in severe complications, such as neurodegenerative diseases including cognitive impairment and dementia. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, liraglutide, is a novel antidiabetic drug with neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we explored the protective effect of liraglutide on SH-SY5Y cells exposed to methylglyoxal (MG), a byproduct of glucose metabolism that plays a key role in the development of diabetic encephalopathy. We found that liraglutide reduced the MG-induced oxidative stress, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and expression levels of P22phox, Gp91phox, and Xdh genes, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Metabolomics analysis based on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance showed that liraglutide induced alterations in metabolites involved in energy metabolism,including promotion of gluconeogenesis. Moreover, we found that liraglutide promoted oxidative phosphorylation and inhibited glycolysis in SH-SY5Y cells. This study revealed that liraglutide improved diabetes-related neuropathy damage by reducing the level of oxidative stress and maintaining the balance of energy metabolism, thus offering new insights into the potential mechanism of liraglutide in neuronal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijing Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Liu Y, Ma C, Zhang Y, Yuan M, Li G. Ameliorative Impact of Liraglutide on Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Atrial Remodeling. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8181474. [PMID: 35465349 PMCID: PMC9020937 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8181474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent form of clinical cardiac arrhythmias. Previous evidence proved that atrial anatomical remodeling (AAR) and atrial electrical remodeling (AER) are crucial for the progression and maintenance of AF. This study is aimed at investigating the impact of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, Liraglutide (Lir), on atrial remodeling (AR) mouse model induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). C57BL/6 mice were categorized randomly into the control, Lir, CIH, and CIH+Lir groups. CIH was performed in CIH and CIH+Lir groups for 12 weeks. Lir (0.3 mg/kg/day, s.c) was administered to the Lir and CIH+Lir groups for four weeks, beginning from the ninth week of CIH. Meanwhile, echocardiography and right atrial endocardial electrophysiology via jugular vein, as well as induction rate and duration of AF, were evaluated. Masson and Sirius red staining assays were utilized to assess the extent of fibrosis in the atrial tissue of the mice. Immunohistochemical staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the marker levels of AAR and AER and the expression of genes and proteins of the miR-21/PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, respectively. ELISA was also performed to evaluate the changes of serum inflammatory factor levels. The CIH group exhibited significant AR, increased atrial fibrosis, and a higher incidence rate of AF compared to the control group. Lir could significantly downregulate the protein expression level in the PI3K/p-AKT pathway and upregulated that of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). Moreover, Lir downregulated the expression of miR-21. However, the protein expressions of CACNA1C and KCNA5 in atrial tissue were not changed significantly. In addition, Lir significantly attenuated the levels of markers of inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6) in the serum. In the mouse model of CIH, Lir treatment could ameliorate AR by the miR-21/PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and modulation of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yongzheng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Changhui Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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Xin Y, Zhang X, Li J, Gao H, Li J, Li J, Hu W, Li H. New Insights Into the Role of Mitochondria Quality Control in Ischemic Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:774619. [PMID: 34901234 PMCID: PMC8661033 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.774619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IHD is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In the acute phase, it's demonstrated as myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury, while in the chronic stage, the ischemic heart is mainly characterised by adverse myocardial remodelling. Although interventions such as thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention could reduce the death risk of these patients, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms need more exploration. Mitochondria are crucial to maintain the physiological function of the heart. During IHD, mitochondrial dysfunction results in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease. Ischemia drives mitochondrial damage not only due to energy deprivation, but also to other aspects such as mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondria-related inflammation, etc. Given the critical roles of mitochondrial quality control in the pathological process of ischemic heart disease, in this review, we will summarise the efforts in targeting mitochondria (such as mitophagy, mtROS, and mitochondria-related inflammation) on IHD. In addition, we will briefly revisit the emerging therapeutic targets in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jingye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junli Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Xu B, Yang J, Wang L, Tan X, Hu X, Sun L, Chen S, Zhu L, Chen X, Chen G. Liraglutide protects against lethal renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting high-mobility group box 1 nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation and release. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105867. [PMID: 34481074 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, has been reported to exert protective effects against myocardial, hepatic, and gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but whether it can protect against renal IRI remains unknown. Here, a lethal renal IRI model was established with a 100% mortality rate in untreated mice. Treatment with liraglutide involving a regimen of multiple doses resulted in 100% survival, remarkable preservation of renal function, a significant reduction in pathological damage, and blunted upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, and RAGE mRNA. We found that liraglutide treatment dramatically inhibited ischemia-induced nucleocytoplasmic translocation and release of HMGB1. This inhibition was associated with a marked decrease (~ 60%) in nuclear histone acetyltransferase activity. In addition, the protective effects of liraglutide on renal IRI were largely abolished by the administration of exogenous HMGB1. When the GLP-1R antagonist exendin (9-39) was given to mice before each liraglutide administration, or GLP-1R-/- mice were used for the renal IRI experiments, the protective effect of liraglutide on renal IRI was partially reversed. Moreover, liraglutide pretreatment significantly inhibited HMGB1 nucleocytoplasmic translocation during hypoxic culture of HK-2 cells in vitro, but the addition of exendin (9-39) significantly eliminated this inhibition. We demonstrate here that liraglutide can exert a strong protective effect on lethal renal IRI in mice. This protection appears to be related to the inhibition of HMGB1 nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation and release and partially depends on GLP-1R. Thus, liraglutide may be therapeutically useful for the clinical prevention and treatment of organ IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingyang Xu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaosheng Tan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofan Hu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingjuan Sun
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Lan Zhu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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10
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Huang H, Wang L, Qian F, Chen X, Zhu H, Yang M, Zhang C, Chu M, Wang X, Huang X. Liraglutide via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α-Heme Oxygenase-1 Signaling Promotes Wound Healing by Preventing Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:660263. [PMID: 34483951 PMCID: PMC8415222 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.660263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) present a major challenge in clinical practice, and hyperglycemia-induced angiogenesis disturbance and endothelial dysfunction likely exacerbate DFUs. The long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog liraglutide (Lira) is a potential activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) that appears to enhance endothelial function and have substantial pro-angiogenesis and antioxidant stress effects. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether the protective role of Lira in diabetic wound healing acts against the mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis disturbance. Methods: Accordingly, db/db mice were assessed after receiving subcutaneous Lira injections. We also cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in either normal or high glucose (5.5 or 33 mM glucose, respectively) medium with or without Lira for 72 h. Results: An obvious inhibition of hyperglycemia-triggered endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis disturbance was observed; follow by a promotion of diabetic wound healing under Lira treatment combined with restored hyperglycemia-impaired AMPK signaling pathway activity. AMPKα1/2 siRNA and Compound C (Cpd C), an inhibitor of AMPK, abolished both Lira-mediated endothelial protection and pro-angiogenesis action, as well as the diabetic wound healing promoted by Lira. Furthermore, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α; transcription factors of AMPK substrates) knockdown in HUVECs and db/db mice demonstrated that Lira activated AMPK to prevent hyperglycemia-triggered endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis disturbance, with a subsequent promotion of diabetic wound healing that was Hif-1α-heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis-dependent. Taken together, these findings reveal that the promotion of diabetic wound healing by Lira occurs via its AMPK-dependent endothelial protection and pro-angiogenic effects, which are regulated by the Hif-1α-HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiya Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fanyu Qian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiping Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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11
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Zhang J, Wu N, Shi D. The Involvement of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1b and Dipeptidase 4 Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Diabetes: A Narrative Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:803-815. [PMID: 33185160 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201113110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (PTP1B) and dipeptidase 4 (DPP4) signaling pathways regulate eukaryotic cell proliferation and metabolism. Previous researches described different transduction mechanisms in the progression of cancer and diabetes. METHODOLOGY We reviewed recent advances in the signal transduction pathways of mTOR, PTP1B and DPP4 regulation and determined the crosstalk and common pathway in diabetes and cancer. RESULTS We showed that according to numerous past studies, the proteins participate in the signaling networks for both diseases. CONCLUSION There are common pathways and specific proteins involved in diabetes and cancer. This article demonstrates and explains the potential mechanisms of association and future prospects for targeting these proteins in pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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12
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Oral pre-treatment with thiocyanate (SCN -) protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12712. [PMID: 34135432 PMCID: PMC8209016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in revascularization after a myocardial infarction, coronary disease remains a major contributor to global mortality. Neutrophil infiltration and activation contributes to tissue damage, via the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and formation of the damaging oxidant hypochlorous acid. We hypothesized that elevation of thiocyanate ions (SCN−), a competitive MPO substrate, would modulate tissue damage. Oral dosing of rats with SCN−, before acute ischemia–reperfusion injury (30 min occlusion, 24 h or 4 week recovery), significantly reduced the infarct size as a percentage of the total reperfused area (54% versus 74%), and increased the salvageable area (46% versus 26%) as determined by MRI imaging. No difference was observed in fractional shortening, but supplementation resulted in both left-ventricle end diastolic and left-ventricle end systolic areas returning to control levels, as determined by echocardiography. Supplementation also decreased antibody recognition of HOCl-damaged myocardial proteins. SCN− supplementation did not modulate serum markers of damage/inflammation (ANP, BNP, galectin-3, CRP), but returned metabolomic abnormalities (reductions in histidine, creatine and leucine by 0.83-, 0.84- and 0.89-fold, respectively), determined by NMR, to control levels. These data indicate that elevated levels of the MPO substrate SCN−, which can be readily modulated by dietary means, can protect against acute ischemia–reperfusion injury.
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13
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Effect of COMBinAtion therapy with remote ischemic conditioning and exenatide on the Myocardial Infarct size: a two-by-two factorial randomized trial (COMBAT-MI). Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:4. [PMID: 33495853 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) and the GLP-1 analog exenatide activate different cardioprotective pathways and may have additive effects on infarct size (IS). Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of RIC as compared with sham procedure, and of exenatide, as compared with placebo, and the interaction between both, to reduce IS in humans. We designed a two-by-two factorial, randomized controlled, blinded, multicenter, clinical trial. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) within 6 h of symptoms were randomized to RIC or sham procedure and exenatide or matching placebo. The primary outcome was IS measured by late gadolinium enhancement in cardiac magnetic resonance performed 3-7 days after PPCI. The secondary outcomes were myocardial salvage index, transmurality index, left ventricular ejection fraction and relative microvascular obstruction volume. A total of 378 patients were randomly allocated, and after applying exclusion criteria, 222 patients were available for analysis. There were no significant interactions between the two randomization factors on the primary or secondary outcomes. IS was similar between groups for the RIC (24 ± 11.8% in the RIC group vs 23.7 ± 10.9% in the sham group, P = 0.827) and the exenatide hypotheses (25.1 ± 11.5% in the exenatide group vs 22.5 ± 10.9% in the placebo group, P = 0.092). There were no effects with either RIC or exenatide on the secondary outcomes. Unexpected adverse events or side effects of RIC and exenatide were not observed. In conclusion, neither RIC nor exenatide, or its combination, were able to reduce IS in STEMI patients when administered as an adjunct to PPCI.
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14
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Fandiño J, Toba L, González-Matías LC, Diz-Chaves Y, Mallo F. GLP-1 receptor agonist ameliorates experimental lung fibrosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18091. [PMID: 33093510 PMCID: PMC7581713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and fatal lung disease. This disease is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix deposition that modify normal lung physiology. Up to date, there are not efficient therapeutic tools to fight IPF. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation plays an essential role in lung functions in normal and in pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to study the possible beneficial effects of the administration of the GLP-1R agonist, liraglutide, in the pathogenesis of the fibrotic process in an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. We observed that liraglutide decreased mRNA expression of collagen, hydroxyproline and key enzymes for the synthesis of collagen. In addition, GLP-1R activation restored the ACE2 mRNA levels modulating the activities of the RAS components, increased the production of surfactant proteins (SFTPa1, SFTPb, SFTPc) and promoted an improvement in pulmonary and cardiac functionality, including a partial restoration of lung alveolar structure. Liraglutide effects are shown at both the pro-inflammatory and fibrosis phases of the experimental disease. For these reasons, GLP-1 might be regarded as a promising drug for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fandiño
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (LabEndo), The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo (CUVI), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Laura Toba
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (LabEndo), The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo (CUVI), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (LabEndo), The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo (CUVI), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (LabEndo), The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo (CUVI), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (LabEndo), The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo (CUVI), 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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15
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Chen P, Yang F, Wang W, Li X, Liu D, Zhang Y, Yin G, Lv F, Guo Z, Mehta JL, Wang X. Liraglutide Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis via Inhibition of AT1R-Mediated ROS Production in Hypertensive Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 26:179-188. [PMID: 32686479 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420942007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide has been reported to exert cardioprotective effects, but its effect on cardiac fibrosis remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of liraglutide on cardiac fibrosis and potential mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 mice (3-month old) were randomly divided into control, hypertension, and hypertension + liraglutide groups. The hypertensive state was created by infusion of Ang II (100 ng/kg·min) for 4 weeks through subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps. The control mice were infused with saline. Mice were also given vehicle or liraglutide (400 μg/kg·day). Blood pressure (BP), blood sugar, myocardial fibrosis, AT1R expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. To further elucidate the mechanisms of fibrosis, mouse cardiac fibroblasts were isolated and treated with liraglutide (300 nM/L) or losartan (10 μM) for 3 hours, followed by Ang II (10-7 M) for additional 12 hours. Reactive oxygen species production and expressions of collagen-1 and -3 were measured. RESULTS Liraglutide reduced BP and blood sugar but did not affect the body weight of the hypertensive mice. Liraglutide also inhibited collagen accumulation, AT1R expression, and ROS generation in the hearts of the hypertensive mice. In in vitro studies, pretreatment with liraglutide and losartan (as control) markedly inhibited Ang II-induced ROS production and collagen expression in the cultured cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Liraglutide reduces myocardial fibrosis in the hypertensive mice, which appears to be dependent on at least in part inhibition of ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, 91593Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, 91593Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenya Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, 91593Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, 91593Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongling Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, 91593Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongxi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, 91593Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guotian Yin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, 91593Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fenghua Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital 91593Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, 91593Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, 91593Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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16
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Aykan DA, Yaman S, Eser N, Özcan Metin T, Seyithanoğlu M, Aykan AÇ, Kurt AH, Ergün Y. Bisoprolol and linagliptin ameliorated electrical and mechanical isometric myocardial contractions in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 72:867-876. [PMID: 32048248 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is an anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent that causes cardiomyopathy as a side effect. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of linagliptin and bisoprolol on the management of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 8). Group I received saline for 4 weeks; group II received 1 mg/kg bisoprolol for 8 weeks; group III received 3 mg/kg linagliptin for 8 weeks; group IV received 1.25 mg/kg doxorubicin for 4 weeks for the induction of cardiomyopathy; group V received 1.25 mg/kg doxorubicin for 4 weeks plus 1 mg/kg bisoprolol for 8 weeks; and group VI received 1.25 mg/kg doxorubicin for 4 weeks plus 3 mg/kg linagliptin for 8 weeks. Electrocardiography and isometric mechanography were conducted to measure ventricular contractile responses. Myocardial tissue and serum samples were analyzed for oxidative and cardiotoxic markers by ELISA. RESULTS Electrocardiography revealed that QRS, QT and Tp intervals were longer in group IV than group I. Doxorubicin caused a significant decrease in ventricular contraction, which was significantly prevented by bisoprolol. Doxorubicin resulted in myocardial fiber disorganization and disruption, but bisoprolol or linagliptin improved this myocardial damage. Glutathione peroxidase was significantly decreased in groups IV and V. Bisoprolol or linagliptin treatment attenuated the significant doxorubicin-mediated increase in malondialdehyde. Doxorubicin and linagliptin provided significant elevations in CK-MB activity and troponin-I levels. CONCLUSIONS Doxorubicin resulted in pronounced oxidative stress. The beneficial effects of bisoprolol and linagliptin on myocardial functional, histopathological and biochemical changes could be related to the attenuation of oxidative load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygun Altıntaş Aykan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Avsar Kampusu, Onikisubat, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
| | - Selma Yaman
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Nadire Eser
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Avsar Kampusu, Onikisubat, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Tuba Özcan Metin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Seyithanoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çağrı Aykan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Akif Hakan Kurt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Avsar Kampusu, Onikisubat, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ergün
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Avsar Kampusu, Onikisubat, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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17
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Conservation of glucagon like peptide-1 level with liraglutide and linagilptin protects the kidney against angiotensin II-induced tissue fibrosis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 867:172844. [PMID: 31811859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that the enhancement of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level through either exogenous supply of GLP-1 agonist, liraglutide or prevention of endogenous GLP-1 degradation with dipeptidyl peptidease-4 inhibitor, lingaliptin ameliorates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal fibrosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 0.9% saline or Ang II (500 ng/kg/min) was infused with osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks, defined as sham and Ang II groups. In drug treated groups, liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously twice daily or linagliptin (8 mg/kg) was administered daily via oral gavage during Ang II infusion. Compared with Ang II stimulation, liraglutide or linagliptin comparatively down-regulated the protein level of the AT1 receptor, and up-regulated the AT2 receptor, as identified by a reduced AT1/AT2 ratio (all p < 0.05), consistent with less locally-expressed AT1 receptor and enhanced AT2 receptor in the glomerular capillaries and proximal tubules of the renal cortex. Furthermore, both drugs significantly increased the expression of GLP-1 receptor and attenuated the protein levels of TLR4, NOX4 and IL-6. The populations of macrophages and α-SMA expressing myofibroblasts decreased with treatment of liraglutide and linagliptin, in coincidence with the reduced expression of phosphor-Smad2/3, Smad4, TGFβ1, and up-regulated Smad7. Along with these modulations, renal morphology was preserved and synthesis of fibronectin/collagen I was down-regulated, as identified by small collagen-rich area in the renal cortex. These results suggest that the preservation of GLP-1 level using liraglutide or linagliptin might be considered as an add-on therapeutic option for inhibiting Ang II induced renal fibrosis and failure.
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18
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Drugs That Ameliorate Epicardial Adipose Tissue Inflammation May Have Discordant Effects in Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction as Compared With a Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Card Fail 2019; 25:986-1003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Ding Z, Wang X, Liu S, Shahanawaz J, Theus S, Fan Y, Deng X, Zhou S, Mehta JL. PCSK9 expression in the ischaemic heart and its relationship to infarct size, cardiac function, and development of autophagy. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1738-1751. [PMID: 29800228 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has emerged as a novel therapy to treat hypercholesterolaemia and related cardiovascular diseases. This study determined if PCSK9 can regulate infarct size, cardiac function, and autophagy during ischaemia. Methods and results Mice hearts were subjected to left coronary artery (LCA) occlusion. There was intense expression of PCSK9 in the zone bordering the infarct area in association with marked cardiac contractile dysfunction in the wild-type mice. This region also revealed intense autophagy. To assess the role of PCSK9 in the evolution of infarct size and function and development of autophagy, we used wild-type mice pre-treated with two different PCSK9 inhibitors (Pep2-8 and EGF-A) or mice lacking PCSK9 gene. Both strategies resulted in smaller infarcts and improved cardiac function following LCA ligation. PCSK9 inhibition also markedly reduced autophagy. Relationship between myocardial ischaemia and PCSK9 expression and autophagy was examined in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia resulted in prompt PCSK9 expression and autophagy signals; both were blocked by HIF-1α siRNA. Further, treatment of cardiomyocytes with recombinant PCSK9 during hypoxia induced, and treatment with PCSK9 siRNA reduced, autophagy suggesting a possible role of PCSK9 in the determination of autophagy. Other studies revealed activation of ROS-ATM-LKB1-AMPK axis as a possible mechanism of PCSK-induced autophagy. Hearts of humans with recent infarcts also showed expression of PCSK9 and autophagy in the border zone-similar to that in the infarcted mouse heart. Conclusion PCSK9 is up-regulated in the ischaemic hearts and determines development of infarct size, cardiac function, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zufeng Ding
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jiwani Shahanawaz
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sue Theus
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Sichang Zhou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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20
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Batchu SN, Thieme K, Zadeh FH, Alghamdi TA, Yerra VG, Hadden MJ, Majumder S, Kabir MG, Bowskill BB, Ladha D, Gramolini AO, Connelly KA, Advani A. The Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Substrate CXCL12 Has Opposing Cardiac Effects in Young Mice and Aged Diabetic Mice Mediated by Ca 2+ Flux and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ. Diabetes 2018; 67:2443-2455. [PMID: 30150305 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Blood glucose-lowering therapies can positively or negatively affect heart function in type 2 diabetes, or they can have neutral effects. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors lower blood glucose by preventing the proteolytic inactivation of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). However, GLP-1 is not the only peptide substrate of DPP-4. Here, we investigated the GLP-1-independent cardiac effects of DPP-4 substrates. Pointing to GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)-independent actions, DPP-4 inhibition prevented systolic dysfunction equally in pressure-overloaded wild-type and GLP-1R knockout mice. Likewise, DPP-4 inhibition or the DPP-4 substrates substance P or C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) improved contractile recovery after no-flow ischemia in the hearts of otherwise healthy young adult mice. Either DPP-4 inhibition or CXCL12 increased phosphorylation of the Ca2+ regulatory protein phospholamban (PLN), and CXCL12 directly enhanced cardiomyocyte Ca2+ flux. In contrast, hearts of aged obese diabetic mice (which may better mimic the comorbid patient population) had diminished levels of PLN phosphorylation. In this setting, CXCL12 paradoxically impaired cardiac contractility in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ-dependent manner. These findings indicate that the cardiac effects of DPP-4 inhibition primarily occur through GLP-1R-independent processes and that ostensibly beneficial DPP-4 substrates can paradoxically worsen heart function in the presence of comorbid diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri N Batchu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karina Thieme
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farigol H Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamadher A Alghamdi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veera Ganesh Yerra
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mitchell J Hadden
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Golam Kabir
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bridgit B Bowskill
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danyal Ladha
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Kolibabka M, Dietrich N, Klein T, Hammes HP. Anti-angiogenic effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin via inhibition of VEGFR signalling in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2412-2421. [PMID: 30097694 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Linagliptin has protective effects on the retinal neurovascular unit but, in proliferative retinopathy, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition could be detrimental. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of linagliptin on ischaemia-induced neovascularisation of the retina. METHODS C57BL/6J and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor (Glp1r)-/- mice were subjected to a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Both strains were subcutaneously treated with linagliptin from postnatal days 12 to 16. Non-injected OIR and non-exposed mice served as controls. Capillary proliferations and systemic levels of active GLP-1 were quantified. The effects of linagliptin on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced downstream signalling were assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using western blot for retinal phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and retinal gene expression analyses. RESULTS Linagliptin treatment led to an increase in active GLP-1 and a decreased number of neovascular nuclei in OIR mice vs controls (-30%, p < 0.05). As the reduction in neovascularisation was similar in both C57BL/6J and Glp1r-/- mice, the anti-angiogenic effects of linagliptin were independent of GLP-1R status. The expression of Vegf (also known as Vegfa) and Hif1a was increased in C57BL/6J OIR mice upon linagliptin treatment (three- vs 1.5-fold, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). In HUVECs, linagliptin inhibited VEGF-induced increases in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK (-67%, p < 0.001) and MAPK/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (-13%, p < 0.05) pathway activities. In the retinas of C57BL/6J mice, p-ERK1/2 levels were significantly reduced upon linagliptin treatment (-47%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Systemic treatment with linagliptin demonstrated GLP-1R-independent anti-angiogenic effects mediated by an inhibition of VEGF receptor downstream signalling. The specific effects of linagliptin on diabetic retinopathy are of potential benefit for individuals with diabetes, independent of metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kolibabka
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Nadine Dietrich
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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22
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Igarashi T, Niwano S, Niwano H, Yoshizawa T, Nakamura H, Fukaya H, Fujiishi T, Ishizue N, Satoh A, Kishihara J, Murakami M, Ako J. Linagliptin prevents atrial electrical and structural remodeling in a canine model of atrial fibrillation. Heart Vessels 2018; 33:1258-1265. [PMID: 29721673 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have recently been reported to exhibit additional cardioprotective effects; however, their effect in atrial remodeling, such as in atrial fibrillation (AF), remains unclear. In this study, the effect of linagliptin on atrial electrical and structural remodeling was evaluated in a canine AF model. Sixteen beagle dogs with 3-week atrial rapid stimulation were divided into the linagliptin group (9 mg/kg/day, n = 8) and pacing control group (n = 8). Three additional dogs without rapid pacing were assigned into non-pacing group, which was used as sham in this study. In the dogs with rapid pacing, the atrial effective refractory period (AERP), conduction velocity (CV), and AF inducibility were evaluated and blood was sampled every week. After the entire protocol, atrial tissue was sampled for histological examinations using HE, Azan, and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining to evaluate any tissue damage or oxidative stress. The pacing control group exhibited a gradual AERP shortening and CV decrease along the time course as previously reported. In the linagliptin group, the AERP shortening was not affected, but the CV decrease was suppressed in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). The AF inducibility was increased in the control group and suppressed in the linagliptin group (p < 0.05). The control group exhibited tissue fibrosis, the degree of which was suppressed in the linagliptin group. DHE staining exhibited suppression of the reactive oxygen species expression in the linagliptin group in comparison to the pacing control group. Linagliptin, a DPP-4-inhibitor, suppressed the AF inducibility, CV decrease, and overexpression of oxidative stress in the canine AF model. Such suppressive effects of linagliptin on AF in the canine model may possibly be related to the anti-oxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazuru Igarashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Niwano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiroe Niwano
- Department of Education, Tamagawa University, College of Education, Machida, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hidehira Fukaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tamami Fujiishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Naruya Ishizue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Akira Satoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Jun Kishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
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23
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Abstract
Background There is evidence for inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis in the ischemic heart. Autophagy is a physiologic process for tissue survival. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is a mechanism that serves to clear the debris in the setting of tissue injury. The balance between autophagy and apoptosis may be important in cell survival and cardiac function. Methods and Results We examined the interplay of inflammation and myocyte autophagy and apoptosis during the ischemic process. We subjected mice to total left coronary artery ligation and studied these animals for up to 4 weeks. The inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐1β) and autophagic signals (light chain‐3 and beclin‐1) were strongest during the first week and then began to decline. However, the apoptotic signals peaked at week 2 after left coronary artery ligation, and the elevated levels persisted until the end of the fourth week. To elucidate the role of inflammation in the regulation of myocyte autophagy and apoptosis, we administered TNF‐α inhibitor (CAS1049741‐03‐8, Millipore, Burlington, MA) to the mice daily during the first week of myocardial infarction. Anti‐TNF‐α therapy reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the inflammatory cell infiltration in and around the infarct area. However, cardiac function measured by echocardiography (fractional shortening and ejection fraction) worsened with anti‐TNF‐α therapy. More importantly, application of TNF‐α inhibitor markedly inhibited autophagy and promoted myocyte apoptosis in the border zone. Conclusions These observations suggest that inflammatory response may be protective in the early stage of the myocardial infarction through stimulation of myocyte autophagy. Anti‐inflammatory treatment early after coronary occlusion may have an adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China .,Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR.,Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zufeng Ding
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR.,Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR .,Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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24
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Qiao S, Mao G, Li H, Ma Z, Hong L, Zhang H, Wang C, An J. DPP-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Improves Cardiac Function and Glucose Homeostasis and Ameliorates β-Cell Dysfunction Together with Reducing S6K1 Activation and IRS-1 and IRS-2 Degradation in Obesity Female Mice. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:3641516. [PMID: 30116740 PMCID: PMC6079488 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3641516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic overnutrition leads to cardiac dysfunction and insulin (INS) resistance. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in both human and animal models. In this study, we explored whether DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin (SIT) is involved in the protection of cardiac function and β-cell function using an obesity female mouse model. METHODS Six-week-old C57BL6/J mice were fed a high fat and fructose Western diet with DPP-4 inhibitor SIT for 12 weeks. Cardiac function was examined by echocardiography. Body weight, plasma glucose, and insulin concentrations were measured. The contents of total S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), phosphorylation of S6K1 activation, and INS docking proteins INS receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS-1, IRS-2) were assayed, and histology of heart tissue was performed. RESULTS Chronic Western diet consumption elevated plasma glucose and insulin and caused obesity, diastolic dysfunction, and β-cell dysfunction. DPP-4 inhibition with SIT resulted in reduction in body weight, fasting glucose, and plasma insulin, and improved cardiac diastolic dysfunction. SIT also decreased mTOR/S6K1 activation and prevented the degradation of IRS-1 and IRS-2. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed pleiotropic protective effects of DPP-4 inhibitor SIT on cardiac function, glycemia, and β-cell function together with reducing S6K1 activation and IRS-1 and IRS-2 degradation in the obesity female mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, No. 1 Lijiang Road, Suzhou 215153, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, No. 1 Lijiang Road, Suzhou 215153, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guofang Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, No. 1 Lijiang Road, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, No. 1 Lijiang Road, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, No. 1 Lijiang Road, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Lei Hong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, No. 1 Lijiang Road, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, No. 1 Lijiang Road, Suzhou 215153, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, No. 1 Lijiang Road, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Jianzhong An
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, No. 1 Lijiang Road, Suzhou 215153, China
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25
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Aroor AR, Habibi J, Kandikattu HK, Garro-Kacher M, Barron B, Chen D, Hayden MR, Whaley-Connell A, Bender SB, Klein T, Padilla J, Sowers JR, Chandrasekar B, DeMarco VG. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition with linagliptin reduces western diet-induced myocardial TRAF3IP2 expression, inflammation and fibrosis in female mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:61. [PMID: 28476142 PMCID: PMC5420102 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diastolic dysfunction (DD), a hallmark of obesity and primary defect in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, is a predictor of future cardiovascular events. We previously reported that linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, improved DD in Zucker Obese rats, a genetic model of obesity and hypertension. Here we investigated the cardioprotective effects of linagliptin on development of DD in western diet (WD)-fed mice, a clinically relevant model of overnutrition and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Methods Female C56Bl/6 J mice were fed an obesogenic WD high in fat and simple sugars, and supplemented or not with linagliptin for 16 weeks. Results WD induced oxidative stress, inflammation, upregulation of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression, interstitial fibrosis, ultrastructural abnormalities and DD. Linagliptin inhibited cardiac DPP-4 activity and prevented molecular impairments and associated functional and structural abnormalities. Further, WD upregulated the expression of TRAF3IP2, a cytoplasmic adapter molecule and a regulator of multiple inflammatory mediators. Linagliptin inhibited its expression, activation of its downstream signaling intermediates NF-κB, AP-1 and p38-MAPK, and induction of multiple inflammatory mediators and growth factors that are known to contribute to development and progression of hypertrophy, fibrosis and contractile dysfunction. Linagliptin also inhibited WD-induced collagens I and III expression. Supporting these in vivo observations, linagliptin inhibited aldosterone-mediated MR-dependent oxidative stress, upregulation of TRAF3IP2, proinflammatory cytokine, and growth factor expression, and collagen induction in cultured primary cardiac fibroblasts. More importantly, linagliptin inhibited aldosterone-induced fibroblast activation and migration. Conclusions Together, these in vivo and in vitro results suggest that inhibition of DPP-4 activity by linagliptin reverses WD-induced DD, possibly by targeting TRAF3IP2 expression and its downstream inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mona Garro-Kacher
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brady Barron
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dongqing Chen
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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Luconi M, Cantini G, Ceriello A, Mannucci E. Perspectives on cardiovascular effects of incretin-based drugs: From bedside to bench, return trip. Int J Cardiol 2017; 241:302-310. [PMID: 28285800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, cardiovascular outcome trials with glucose-lowering drugs used in type 2 diabetes mellitus, namely glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), liraglutide and semaglutide, showed a reduction in cardiovascular events, which had not been observed in trials with other incretin-based drugs, such as lixisenatide or with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i). Mechanisms underlying the observed cardiovascular differences between DPP4i and GLP1-RA, and across individual GLP1-RA are poorly understood. This review is aimed at collecting and summarizing available evidence from experimental and mechanistic studies on the action of GLP1-RA and DPP4i on the cardiovascular system, both deriving from clinical and pre-clinical sources. The results of cardiovascular outcome trials are interpreted on the basis of the experimental preclinical data available, paying particular attention to the heart failure results, and suggesting some novel intriguing hypotheses to explain some of the unexpected findings of cardioprotection of incretin-based drugs. In particular, we discuss the possible contribution to the incretin cardiovascular effects of a direct cardiac action of GLP-1 metabolites through GLP-1 receptor-independent pathways, and of DPP4 substrates other than GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Luconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mannucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Diabetes Agency, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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27
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Liraglutide attenuates partial warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat livers. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 390:311-319. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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