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Chen YH, Ren CY, Yu C. Causal relationship between Alzheimer's disease and unstable angina: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1435394. [PMID: 39045549 PMCID: PMC11263098 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1435394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research from observational studies has demonstrated a link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Uncertainty surrounds the exact genetic cause of AD and coronary heart disease, particularly unstable angina (UA). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to examine the causal genetic link between AD and UA to evaluate the impact of AD on UA. Methods The purpose of the bidirectional MR analysis was to investigate the link between exposure and illness causation. Genetic instrumental variables for AD were obtained from European populations using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary causal conclusions were obtained using the inverse variance weighted approach (IVW), and other sensitivity analysis techniques were employed. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to evaluate heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy to guarantee accurate MR results. Results An elevated risk of UA was linked to genetically predicted AD (IVW: OR=3.439, 95% CI: 1.565-7.555, P=0.002). A substantial genetic relationship between UA and the risk of AD was not supported by any evidence in the reverse study (IVW: OR=0.998, 95% CI: 0.995-1.001, P=0.190). Various MR techniques produced consistent results. Sensitivity analysis revealed no discernible heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusions One risk factor for UA that we found in our bidirectional Mendelian randomization trial was AD. This highlights the necessity of researching the underlying molecular mechanisms linked to AD and UA as well as the possibility of creating individualized treatment plans based on genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-hang Chen
- Department of Operations Management, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong-ying Ren
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Cao Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Yang Q, Yang C, Lv H, Zheng X, Mao S, Liu N, Mo S, Liao B, Yang M, Lu Z, Tang L, Huang X, Jian C, Shang J. Autophagy Regulation Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02043-0. [PMID: 38951357 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of autophagy regulation in modulating neuroinflammation and cognitive function in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Using the APP23/PS1 mice plus CCH model, we examined the impact of autophagy regulation on cognitive function, neuroinflammation, and autophagic activity. Our results demonstrate significant cognitive impairments in AD mice, exacerbated by CCH, but mitigated by treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Dysregulation of autophagy-related proteins, accentuated by CCH, underscores the intricate relationship between cerebral blood flow and autophagy dysfunction in AD pathology. While 3-MA restored autophagic balance, rapamycin (RAPA) treatment did not induce significant changes, suggesting alternative therapeutic approaches are necessary. Dysregulated microglial polarization and neuroinflammation in AD+CCH were linked to cognitive decline, with 3-MA attenuating neuroinflammation. Furthermore, alterations in M2 microglial polarization and the levels of inflammatory markers NLRP3 and MCP1 were observed, with 3-MA treatment exhibiting potential anti-inflammatory effects. Our findings shed light on the crosstalk between autophagy and neuroinflammation in AD+CCH and suggest targeting autophagy as a promising strategy for mitigating neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in AD+CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengmin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Lv
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Xingwu Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Sanyin Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Shenglong Mo
- Graduate School of Youjiang, Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Bao Liao
- Department of Neurology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Graduate School of Youjiang, Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhicheng Lu
- Graduate School of Youjiang, Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Lina Tang
- Graduate School of Youjiang, Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaorui Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Chongdong Jian
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jingwei Shang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
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Li M, Yu R, Wang X, Zhao Y, Song Q, Wang Q, Fu C, Mishra SR, Shrestha N, Virani SS, Zhu D. Association between ABO genotypes and risk of dementia and neuroimaging markers: roles of sex and APOE status. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1391010. [PMID: 38863509 PMCID: PMC11165032 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1391010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Whether the relationships between ABO blood genotypes (AA, AO, BB, BO, AB, and OO) and dementia are modified by gender and APOE status has been unclear. Methods We used data from the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort study of 487,425 individuals. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between ABO genotypes and risk of dementia. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship between ABO genotypes and MRI-based brain indices. Results Overall, 487,425 participants were included at baseline. After 34 million person-years follow up, 7,548 patients developed all-cause dementia. Before stratifying by sex and APOE status, compared to OO genotype, BB genotype was associated with increased risk of all-cause dementia (1.36, 1.03-1.80) and other types dementia (1.65, 1.20-2.28). After stratifying by sex, only in males, BB genotype was associated with higher risk of all-cause dementia (1.44, 1.02-2.09) and other types of dementia (1.95, 1.30-2.93). AB genotype in males was also associated with increased AD (1.34, 1.04-1.72). After further stratifying by APOE e4 status, BB genotype with two APOE e4 alleles showed even stronger association with all-cause dementia 4.29 (1.57, 11.72) and other types dementia (5.49, 1.70-17.69) in males. Also in males, AA genotype with one APOE e4 was associated with increased risks of all-cause dementia (1.27, 1.04-1.55), AD (1.45, 1.09-1.94) and other types dementia (1.40, 1.08-1.81). Linear regression models showed that in both sexes with APOE e4, AA genotype was associated with reduced total grey matter volume. Conclusion Sex and APOE e4 carrier status modified the association between ABO genotypes and risk of dementia. In males, BB genotype was consistently associated with increased risk of dementia, especially in those with two APOE e4 alleles. Also, in males with one APOE e4, AA genotype might be linked to higher risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Department of Disinfection and Sterilization, Pingyin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanqing Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qixiang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunying Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shiva Raj Mishra
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre (WARC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Salim S. Virani
- Section of Global Research, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dongshan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Choi S, Kim R, Kang N, Byun K, Park K, Jun JS. Associations of Orthostatic Hypotension and Orthostatic Intolerance with Domain-Specific Cognitive Decline in Patients with Early Parkinson Disease: An 8-Year Follow-up. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:866-870. [PMID: 37935379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although orthostatic hypotension (OH) and orthostatic intolerance (OI) are prevalent in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), it remains unclear how these conditions primarily affect the trajectory of decline in specific cognitive domains. This study aimed to explore the effects of OH and OI on longitudinal domain-specific cognitive changes in patients with PD. DESIGN An 8-year follow-up of the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 403 patients with early, untreated PD and 195 matched healthy controls were included. They were classified into OH, OI, and normal groups. OH was defined according to the international consensus, and OI was defined as the presence of orthostatic symptoms without meeting the criteria for OH. METHODS The patients underwent detailed neuropsychological testing annually for up to 8 years of follow-up. Linear mixed effects models were used to investigate the associations between OH, OI, and longitudinal cognitive changes. RESULTS The prevalence of both OH and OI in patients with PD was significantly higher than that in controls (13.4% vs 7.2%, P = .002, for OH, and 29.3% vs 14.4%, P < .001, for OI). The OH group in patients with PD showed a faster decline in Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) (β = -0.11, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.02, t = -2.44, P = .015) and Semantic Fluency Test (SFT) (β = -0.44, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.08, t = -2.42, P = .016) scores than the normal group. Similarly, the OI group showed a steeper decline in LNS (β = -0.08, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.01, t = -2.20, P = .028) and SFT (β = -0.36, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.08, t = -2.55, P = .011) scores compared to the normal group. There were no significant longitudinal changes in the other neuropsychological test scores between the groups. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Both OH and OI may be associated with a faster decline in executive function among cognitive domains of patients with PD. These findings may highlight the potential importance of orthostatic blood pressure control in PD patients with OH and even those with orthostatic symptoms without OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohee Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ryul Kim
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Nyeonju Kang
- Division of Sport Science, Sport Science Institute & Health Promotion Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyeongho Byun
- Division of Sport Science, Sport Science Institute & Health Promotion Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Park
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Jun
- Department of Neurology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Liu J, Xiao G, Liang Y, He S, Lyu M, Zhu Y. Heart-brain interaction in cardiogenic dementia: pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1304864. [PMID: 38327496 PMCID: PMC10847563 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1304864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular and neurologic diseases primarily focus on the heart and brain, respectively. An increasing number of preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed a causal relationship between heart and brain diseases. Cardiogenic dementia is a cognitive impairment caused by heart dysfunction and has received increasing research attention. The prevention and treatment of cardiogenic dementia are essential to improve the quality of life, particularly in the elderly and aging population. This study describes the changes in cognitive function associated with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and heart valve disease. An updated understanding of the two known pathogenic mechanisms of cardiogenic dementia is presented and discussed. One is a cascade of events caused by cerebral hypoperfusion due to long-term reduction of cardiac output after heart disease, and the other is cognitive impairment regardless of the changes in cerebral blood flow after cardiac injury. Furthermore, potential medications for the prevention and treatment of cardiogenic dementia are reviewed, with particular attention to multicomponent herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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6
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Ishikawa H, Shindo A, Mizutani A, Tomimoto H, Lo EH, Arai K. A brief overview of a mouse model of cerebral hypoperfusion by bilateral carotid artery stenosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:18-36. [PMID: 36883344 PMCID: PMC10638994 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231154597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) refers to all forms of cognitive disorder related to cerebrovascular diseases, including vascular mild cognitive impairment, post-stroke dementia, multi-infarct dementia, subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), and mixed dementia. Among the causes of VCI, more attention has been paid to SIVD because the causative cerebral small vessel pathologies are frequently observed in elderly people and because the gradual progression of cognitive decline often mimics Alzheimer's disease. In most cases, small vessel diseases are accompanied by cerebral hypoperfusion. In mice, prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion is induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) with surgically implanted metal micro-coils. This cerebral hypoperfusion BCAS model was proposed as a SIVD mouse model in 2004, and the spreading use of this mouse SIVD model has provided novel data regarding cognitive dysfunction and histological/genetic changes by cerebral hypoperfusion. Oxidative stress, microvascular injury, excitotoxicity, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and secondary inflammation may be the main mechanisms of brain damage due to prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion, and some potential therapeutic targets for SIVD have been proposed by using transgenic mice or clinically used drugs in BCAS studies. This review article overviews findings from the studies that used this hypoperfused-SIVD mouse model, which were published between 2004 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akane Mizutani
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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7
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Sun W, Zhuo S, Wu H, Cai X. Association between Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Failure, and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:958-965. [PMID: 38229651 PMCID: PMC10789403 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_361_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke have been linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results. The study aimed to investigate the association between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD using a meta-analysis. Methods STATA 12.0 software is used to compute odds ratios (ORs)/relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD. Results A total of 12 studies (including N = 36,913 individuals with AD and N = 1,701,718 participants) investigated the association between CHD and the risk of AD. Meta-analysis indicated that CHD was associated with an increased risk of AD with a random effects model (OR/RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.00-1.48, I2 = 97.2%, P < 0.001). Additionally, seven studies (including N = 5,119 individuals with AD and N = 1,231,399 participants) investigated the association between myocardial infarction (MI) and the risk of AD. Our meta-analysis demonstrated no significant association between MI and the risk of AD with a fixed effects model (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.91-1.30, I2 = 42.8%, P = 0.105). Finally, six studies (including N = 83,065 individuals with AD and N = 2,414,963 participants) examined the association between HF and the risk of AD. Our meta-analysis revealed that HF was associated with an increased risk of AD using a random effects model (RR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.05-2.24, I2 = 96.8%, P < 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that CHD and HF are associated with an increased risk of developing AD. Nonetheless, more large-scale prospective studies are necessary to further investigate the associations between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Huang W, Xia Q, Zheng F, Zhao X, Ge F, Xiao J, Liu Z, Shen Y, Ye K, Wang D, Li Y. Microglia-Mediated Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S335-S354. [PMID: 36683511 PMCID: PMC10473143 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is involved in the pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The NVU is a structural and functional complex that maintains microenvironmental homeostasis and metabolic balance in the central nervous system. As one of the most important components of the NVU, microglia not only induce blood-brain barrier breakdown by promoting neuroinflammation, the infiltration of peripheral white blood cells and oxidative stress but also mediate neurovascular uncoupling by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons, abnormal contraction of cerebral vessels, and pericyte loss in AD. In addition, microglia-mediated dysfunction of cellular components in the NVU, such as astrocytes and pericytes, can destroy the integrity of the NVU and lead to NVU impairment. Therefore, we review the mechanisms of microglia-mediated NVU dysfunction in AD. Furthermore, existing therapeutic advancements aimed at restoring the function of microglia and the NVU in AD are discussed. Finally, we predict the role of pericytes in microglia-mediated NVU dysfunction in AD is the hotspot in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fangliang Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiaying Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zijie Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ke Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Basic Medical Institute, Heilongjiang Medical Science Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Genetically Modified Animals, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanze Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Basic Medical Institute, Heilongjiang Medical Science Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Genetically Modified Animals, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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9
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Maroofi A, Moro T, Agrimi J, Safari F. Cognitive decline in heart failure: Biomolecular mechanisms and benefits of exercise. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166511. [PMID: 35932891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
By definition, heart failure (HF) is a human pathological condition affecting the structure and function of all organs in the body, and the brain is not an exception to that. Failure of the heart to pump enough blood centrally and peripherally is at the foundation of HF patients' inability to attend even the most ordinary daily activities and progressive deterioration of their cognitive capacity. What is more, between heart and brain exists a bidirectional relationship that goes well beyond hemodynamics and concerns bioelectric and endocrine signaling. This increasingly consolidated evidence makes the scenario even more complex. Studies have mainly chased how HF impairs cognition without focusing much on preventive measures, notably cardio-cerebral health proxies. Here, we aim to provide a brief account of known and hypothetical factors that may explain how exercise can help obviate cognitive dysfunction associated with HF in its different forms. As we shall see, there is a stringent need for a deeper grasp of such mechanisms. Indeed, gaining this new knowledge will automatically shed new light on the inner workings of HF itself, thus resulting in more effective prevention and treatment of this escalating syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaset Maroofi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Jacopo Agrimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Alfieri A, Koudelka J, Li M, Scheffer S, Duncombe J, Caporali A, Kalaria RN, Smith C, Shah AM, Horsburgh K. Nox2 underpins microvascular inflammation and vascular contributions to cognitive decline. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1176-1191. [PMID: 35102790 PMCID: PMC9207496 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221077766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic microvascular inflammation and oxidative stress are inter-related mechanisms underpinning white matter disease and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A proposed mediator is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (Nox2), a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. To assess the role of Nox2 in VCI, we studied a tractable model with white matter pathology and cognitive impairment induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Mice with genetic deletion of Nox2 (Nox2 KO) were compared to wild-type (WT) following BCAS. Sustained BCAS over 12 weeks in WT mice induced Nox2 expression, indices of microvascular inflammation and oxidative damage, along with white matter pathology culminating in a marked cognitive impairment, which were all protected by Nox2 genetic deletion. Neurovascular coupling was impaired in WT mice post-BCAS and restored in Nox2 KO mice. Increased vascular expression of chemoattractant mediators, cell-adhesion molecules and endothelial activation factors in WT mice post-BCAS were ameliorated by Nox2 deficiency. The clinical relevance was confirmed by increased vascular Nox2 and indices of microvascular inflammation in human post-mortem subjects with cerebral vascular disease. Our results support Nox2 activity as a critical determinant of VCI, whose targeting may be of therapeutic benefit in cerebral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alfieri
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Vascular Science, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Juraj Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mosi Li
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sanny Scheffer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Caporali
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Dong C, Zhou C, Fu C, Hao W, Ozaki A, Shrestha N, Virani SS, Mishra SR, Zhu D. Sex differences in the association between cardiovascular diseases and dementia subtypes: a prospective analysis of 464,616 UK Biobank participants. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:21. [PMID: 35526028 PMCID: PMC9080133 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether the association of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with dementia differs by sex remains unclear, and the role of socioeconomic, lifestyle, genetic, and medical factors in their association is unknown. METHODS We used data from the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort study of 502,649 individuals. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and women-to-men ratio of HRs (RHR) for the association between CVD (coronary heart diseases (CHD), stroke, and heart failure) and incident dementia (all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD)). The moderator roles of socioeconomic (education, income), lifestyle (smoking, BMI, leisure activities, and physical activity), genetic factors (APOE allele status), and medical history were also analyzed. RESULTS Compared to people who did not experience a CVD event, the HRs (95%CI) between CVD and all-cause dementia were higher in women compared to men, with an RHR (Female/Male) of 1.20 (1.13, 1.28). Specifically, the HRs for AD were higher in women with CHD and heart failure compared to men, with an RHR (95%CI) of 1.63 (1.39, 1.91) and 1.32 (1.07, 1.62) respectively. The HRs for VD were higher in men with heart failure than women, with RHR (95%CI) of 0.73 (0.57, 0.93). An interaction effect was observed between socioeconomic, lifestyle, genetic factors, and medical history in the sex-specific association between CVD and dementia. CONCLUSION Women with CVD were 1.5 times more likely to experience AD than men, while had 15% lower risk of having VD than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Dong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunmiao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunying Fu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenting Hao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Salim S Virani
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiva Raj Mishra
- Academy for Data Sciences and Global Health, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dongshan Zhu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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12
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Lecordier S, Pons V, Rivest S, ElAli A. Multifocal Cerebral Microinfarcts Modulate Early Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2022; 12:813536. [PMID: 35173711 PMCID: PMC8841345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.813536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) constitutes a major cause of dementia, affecting more women than men. It is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation, associated with a progressive cognitive decline. Evidence indicates that AD onset increases the prevalence of cerebral microinfarcts caused by vascular pathologies, which occur in approximately in half of AD patients. In this project, we postulated that multifocal cerebral microinfarcts decisively influence early AD-like pathology progression in a sex dependent manner in young APP/PS1 mice. For this purpose, we used a novel approach to model multifocal microinfarcts in APP/PS1 mice via the sporadic occlusions of the microvasculature. Our findings indicate that microinfarcts reduced Aβ deposits without affecting soluble Aβ levels in the brain of male and female APP/PS1 mice, while causing rapid and prolonged cognitive deficits in males, and a mild and transient cognitive decline in females. In male APP/PS1 mice, microinfarcts triggered an acute hypoperfusion followed by a chronic hyperperfusion. Whereas in female APP/PS1 mice, microinfarcts caused an acute hypoperfusion, which was recovered in the chronic phase. Microinfarcts triggered a robust microglial activation and recruitment of peripheral monocytes to the lesion sites and Aβ plaques more potently in female APP/PS1 mice, possibly accounting for the reduced Aβ deposition. Finally, expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), which plays a key role in mediating synaptic and neuronal dysfunction in AD, was strongly induced at the lesion sites of male APP/PS1 mice, while its expression was reduced in females. Our findings suggest that multifocal microinfarcts accelerate AD pathology more potently in young males compared to young females independently upon Aβ pathology via modulation of neurovascular coupling, inflammatory response, and DKK1 expression. Our results suggest that the effects of microinfarcts should be taken into consideration in AD diagnosis, prognosis, and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Pons
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ayman ElAli,
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13
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Li M, Kitamura A, Beverley J, Koudelka J, Duncombe J, Lennen R, Jansen MA, Marshall I, Platt B, Wiegand UK, Carare RO, Kalaria RN, Iliff JJ, Horsburgh K. Impaired Glymphatic Function and Pulsation Alterations in a Mouse Model of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:788519. [PMID: 35095472 PMCID: PMC8793139 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.788519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Large vessel disease and carotid stenosis are key mechanisms contributing to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and dementia. Our previous work, and that of others, using rodent models, demonstrated that bilateral common carotid stenosis (BCAS) leads to cognitive impairment via gradual deterioration of the neuro-glial-vascular unit and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein. Since brain-wide drainage pathways (glymphatic) for waste clearance, including Aβ removal, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of VCI via glial mechanisms, we hypothesized that glymphatic function would be impaired in a BCAS model and exacerbated in the presence of Aβ. Male wild-type and Tg-SwDI (model of microvascular amyloid) mice were subjected to BCAS or sham surgery which led to a reduction in cerebral perfusion and impaired spatial learning acquisition and cognitive flexibility. After 3 months survival, glymphatic function was evaluated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fluorescent tracer influx. We demonstrated that BCAS caused a marked regional reduction of CSF tracer influx in the dorsolateral cortex and CA1-DG molecular layer. In parallel to these changes increased reactive astrogliosis was observed post-BCAS. To further investigate the mechanisms that may lead to these changes, we measured the pulsation of cortical vessels. BCAS impaired vascular pulsation in pial arteries in WT and Tg-SwDI mice. Our findings show that BCAS influences VCI and that this is paralleled by impaired glymphatic drainage and reduced vascular pulsation. We propose that these additional targets need to be considered when treating VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosi Li
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Akihiro Kitamura
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Joshua Beverley
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Juraj Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Lennen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Marshall
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Platt
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich K Wiegand
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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14
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Li J, Wang J, Wang YL, Luo Z, Zheng C, Yu G, Wu S, Zheng F, Li H. NOX2 activation contributes to cobalt nanoparticles-induced inflammatory responses and Tau phosphorylation in mice and microglia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112725. [PMID: 34492628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide application of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs), its neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, CoNPs-induced toxic effect was examined in both C57BL/6J mice and microglial BV2 cells. CoNPs-induced brain weight loss and the reduction of Nissl bodies, assuring neural damage. Moreover, both total unphosphorylated Tau and phosphorylated Tau (pTau; T231 and S262) expressions in the hippocampus and cortex were upregulated, unveiling Tau phosphorylation. Besides, the increase in inflammation-related proteins NLRP3 and IL-1β were found in mice brain. Corroborating that, microglial marker Iba-1 expression was also increased, suggesting microglia-involved inflammation. Among the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family proteins tested, only NOX2 was activated by CoNPs in hippocampus. Therefore, BV2 cells were employed to further investigate the role of NOX2. In BV2 cells, NOX2 expression was upregulated, corresponding to the production of ROS. Moreover, similar induction in Tau phosphorylation and inflammation-related protein expressions were observed in CoNPs-exposed BV2 cells. Treatment of apocynin, a NOX2 inhibitor, reduced ROS generation and reversed Tau phosphorylation and inflammation caused by CoNPs. Thus, CoNPs induced ROS production, Tau phosphorylation and inflammation specially via NOX2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Junxiang Wang
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Zhousong Luo
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China.
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China.
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15
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Pokhilko A, Brezzo G, Handunnetthi L, Heilig R, Lennon R, Smith C, Allan SM, Granata A, Sinha S, Wang T, Markus HS, Naba A, Fischer R, Van Agtmael T, Horsburgh K, Cader MZ. Global proteomic analysis of extracellular matrix in mouse and human brain highlights relevance to cerebrovascular disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2423-2438. [PMID: 33730931 PMCID: PMC8392779 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211004307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key interface between the cerebrovasculature and adjacent brain tissues. Deregulation of the ECM contributes to a broad range of neurological disorders. However, despite this importance, our understanding of the ECM composition remains very limited mainly due to difficulties in its isolation. To address this, we developed an approach to extract the cerebrovascular ECM from mouse and human post-mortem normal brain tissues. We then used mass spectrometry with off-line high-pH reversed-phase fractionation to increase the protein detection. This identified more than 1000 proteins in the ECM-enriched fraction, with > 66% of the proteins being common between the species. We report 147 core ECM proteins of the human brain vascular matrisome, including collagens, laminins, fibronectin and nidogens. We next used network analysis to identify the connection between the brain ECM proteins and cerebrovascular diseases. We found that genes related to cerebrovascular diseases, such as COL4A1, COL4A2, VCAN and APOE were significantly enriched in the cerebrovascular ECM network. This provides unique mechanistic insight into cerebrovascular disease and potential drug targets. Overall, we provide a powerful resource to study the functions of brain ECM and highlight a specific role for brain vascular ECM in cerebral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pokhilko
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gaia Brezzo
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Raphael Heilig
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandra Granata
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roman Fischer
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Van Agtmael
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Zameel Cader
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Bracko O, Cruz Hernández JC, Park L, Nishimura N, Schaffer CB. Causes and consequences of baseline cerebral blood flow reductions in Alzheimer's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1501-1516. [PMID: 33444096 PMCID: PMC8221770 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20982383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reductions of baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) of ∼10-20% are a common symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that appear early in disease progression and correlate with the severity of cognitive impairment. These CBF deficits are replicated in mouse models of AD and recent work shows that increasing baseline CBF can rapidly improve the performance of AD mice on short term memory tasks. Despite the potential role these data suggest for CBF reductions in causing cognitive symptoms and contributing to brain pathology in AD, there remains a poor understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms causing them. This review compiles data on CBF reductions and on the correlation of AD-related CBF deficits with disease comorbidities (e.g. cardiovascular and genetic risk factors) and outcomes (e.g. cognitive performance and brain pathology) from studies in both patients and mouse models, and discusses several potential mechanisms proposed to contribute to CBF reductions, based primarily on work in AD mouse models. Future research aimed at improving our understanding of the importance of and interplay between different mechanisms for CBF reduction, as well as at determining the role these mechanisms play in AD patients could guide the development of future therapies that target CBF reductions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bracko
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jean C Cruz Hernández
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laibaik Park
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chris B Schaffer
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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17
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Zhang J, Chi H, Wang T, Zhang S, Shen T, Leng B, Sun H, Li Z, Li F. Altered Amyloid-β and Tau Proteins in Neural-Derived Plasma Exosomes of Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Orthostatic Hypotension. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:261-272. [PMID: 34024835 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests a role for orthostatic hypotension (OH) in contributing to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The exosomes in the blood can reflect the pathological changes in the brain. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether neural-derived plasma exosomes pathogenic proteins of AD levels are associated with OH in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. METHODS There were 274 subjects without dementia included in the study: 81 control participants (controls), 101 normotensive patients with DM without OH, and 92 patients with DM and neurogenic OH (DMOH). Neural-derived exosomal proteins were measured by ELISA kits for amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. RESULTS The neural-derived exosome levels of Aβ42, total tau (T-tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-T181-tau) in the DM with OH group were higher than those in the DM and control groups. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the presence of OH in patients with DM was associated with elevated exosomal Aβ42 (β= 0.172, p = 0.018), T-tau (β= 0.159, p = 0.030), and P-T181-tau (β= 0.220, p = 0.003) levels after adjustment for age, sex, APOE ɛ4, duration of type 2 diabetes, HbA1c, and cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, the levels of Aβ42, T-tau, and P-T181-tau in neural-derived exosomes were correlated with HIF-1α levels and the drop in mean cerebral blood flow velocity from the supine to upright position. CONCLUSION The presence of OH in DM patients was independently associated with elevated the Aβ42, T-tau, and P-T181-tau levels in neural-derived plasma exosomes. Cerebral hypoperfusion from DM with OH are likely candidate mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Haiyan Chi
- Department of Endocrinology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Tengqun Shen
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Bing Leng
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Hairong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Zhenguang Li
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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18
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Yao ZH, Wang J, Yuan JP, Xiao K, Zhang SF, Xie YC, Mei JH. EGB761 ameliorates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced cognitive dysfunction and synaptic plasticity impairment. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9522-9541. [PMID: 33539323 PMCID: PMC8064192 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) may lead to the cognitive dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. EGB761, extracted from Ginkgo biloba and as a phytomedicine widely used in the world, has been showed to have various neuroprotective roles and mechanisms, and therapeutic effects in Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive dysfunctions. However, improvements in cognitive function after CCH, following treatment with EGB761, have not been ascertained yet. In this study, we used the behavior test, electrophysiology, neurobiochemistry, and immunohistochemistry to investigate the EGB761’s effect on CCH-induced cognitive dysfunction and identify its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that EGB761 ameliorates spatial cognitive dysfunction occurring after CCH. It may also improve impairment of the long-term potentiation, field excitable potential, synaptic transmission, and the transmission synchronization of neural circuit signals between the entorhinal cortex and hippocampal CA1. EGB761 may also reverse the inhibition of neural activity and the degeneration of dendritic spines and synaptic structure after CCH; it also prevents the downregulation of synaptic proteins molecules and pathways related to the formation and stability of dendritic spines structures. EGB761 may inhibit axon demyelination and ameliorate the inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway after CCH to improve protein synthesis. In conclusion, EGB761 treatment after CCH may improve spatial cognitive function by ameliorating synaptic plasticity impairment, synapse degeneration, and axon demyelination by rectifying the inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Chun Xie
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Hua Mei
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Parodi-Rullán R, Sone JY, Fossati S. Endothelial Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:1019-1039. [PMID: 31306129 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Cerebrovascular dysfunction is one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of AD, as well as in vascular and mixed dementias. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), the deposition of amyloid around cerebral vessels, is observed in up to 90% of AD patients and in approximately 50% of elderly individuals over 80 years of age. CAA is a strong contributor to vascular dysfunction in AD. CAA-laden brain vessels are characterized by dysfunctional hemodynamics and leaky blood-brain barrier (BBB), contributing to clearance failure and further accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the cerebrovasculature and brain parenchyma. Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important early initiator of the pathogenesis of AD and CAA. The objective of this review is to discuss the effects of Aβ on cerebral microvascular cell function, focusing on its impact on endothelial mitochondria. After introducing CAA and its etiology and genetic risk factors, we describe the pathological relationship between cerebrovascular amyloidosis and brain microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction, critically analyzing its roles in disease progression, hypoperfusion, and BBB integrity. Then, we focus on discussing the effect of Aβ challenge on endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction pathways, and their contribution to the progression of neurovascular dysfunction in AD and dementia. Finally, we report potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies which may help prevent or delay cerebrovascular failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Parodi-Rullán
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Je Yeong Sone
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Qu C, Qu C, Xu L, Shen J, Lv D, Li Y, Song H, Li T, Zheng J, Zhang J. Nuclear receptor TLX may be through regulating the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway to ameliorate cognitive impairment in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res Bull 2020; 166:142-149. [PMID: 33197535 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a common pathophysiological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. The orphan nuclear receptor TLX plays an important role in neural development, adult neurogenesis and cognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of TLX on cognitive dysfunction, hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in a rat model of CCH and to assess the possible mechanisms. METHODS Permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-VO) was used to establish a model of CCH. Stereotaxic injection of an adeno-associated virus vector expressing TLX was used to overexpress TLX in the hippocampus. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Morris Water Maze test. Immunofluorescent staining was used to assess hippocampal neurogenesis. The effects of overexpression of TLX on SIRT1 and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed with qRT-PCR and western blot. RESULT After 2-VO, CCH rats exhibited cognitive impairment and reduction of hippocampal TLX levels. Overexpression of TLX ameliorated cognitive impairments with increasing number of BrdU + cells and BrdU + NeuN + cells in DG. Furthermore, TLX rescued the reduced SIRT1 usually induced by CCH. Additionally, TLX also inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as NF-κB and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggested that TLX exerted protective effects against cognitive deficits induced by CCH. The possible mechanisms of TLX may be through regulating the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and inhibiting the neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujie Qu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Changhua Qu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Linling Xu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Dongwei Lv
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Song
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Junjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Shindo A, Ishikawa H, Ii Y, Niwa A, Tomimoto H. Clinical Features and Experimental Models of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:109. [PMID: 32431603 PMCID: PMC7214616 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) refers to a group of disease conditions affecting the cerebral small vessels, which include the small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and postcapillary venules in the brain. SVD is the primary cause of vascular cognitive impairment and gait disturbances in aged people. There are several types of SVD, though arteriolosclerosis, which is mainly associated with hypertension, aging, and diabetes mellitus, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) comprise most SVD cases. The pathology of arteriolosclerosis-induced SVD is characterized by fibrinoid necrosis and lipohyalinosis, while CAA-associated SVD is characterized by progressive deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in the cerebral vessels. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for examination of SVD lesions; typical lesions are characterized by white matter hyperintensity, lacunar infarcts, enlargement of perivascular spaces (EPVS), microbleeds, cortical superficial siderosis (cSS), and cortical microinfarcts. The microvascular changes that occur in the small vessels are difficult to identify clearly; however, these consequent image findings can represent the SVD. There are two main strategies for prevention and treatment of SVD, i.e., pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modification. In this review, we discuss clinical features of SVD, experimental models replicating SVD, and treatments to further understand the pathological and clinical features of SVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ii
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Niwa
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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22
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Heterogeneous Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082820. [PMID: 32316637 PMCID: PMC7215687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, an asymmetric vascular compromise approach that replicates many aspects of human vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has been reported. The present study aimed to first investigate on the reproducibility in the disease progression of this newly reported VCI model using wild-type C57BL6/J mice. The second aim was to assess how this approach will affect the disease progression of transgenic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) 5XFAD mice subjected to VCI. C57BL6/J and 5XFAD mice were subjected to VCI by placing an ameroid constrictor on the right CCA and a microcoil on the left CCA. Infarcts and hippocampal neuronal loss did not appear predominantly in the right (ameroid side) as expected but randomly in both hemispheres. The mortality rate of C57BL6/J mice was unexpectedly high. Inducing VCI reduced amyloid burden in the hippocampi of 5XFAD mice. Since VCI is known to be complex and complicated, the heterogeneous disease progression observed from this current study shares close resemblance to the clinical manifestation of VCI. This heterogeneity, however, makes it challenging to test novel treatment options using this model. Further study is warranted to tackle the heterogeneous nature of VCI.
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23
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Role of HMGB1 in an Animal Model of Vascular Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062176. [PMID: 32245271 PMCID: PMC7139598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is associated with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Increased high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone protein involved in injury and inflammation, has been established in the acute phase of CCH. However, the role of HMGB1 in the chronic phase of CCH remains unclear. We developed a novel animal model of CCH with a modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in C57BL/6 mice. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction, the expression of HMGB1 and its proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6), and brain pathology were assessed. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of HMGB1 suppression through bilateral intrahippocampus injection with the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout plasmid. Three months after CCH induction, CBF decreased to 30–50% with significant cognitive decline in BCCAO mice. The 7T-aMRI showed hippocampal atrophy, but amyloid positron imaging tomography showed nonsignificant amyloid-beta accumulation. Increased levels of HMGB1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were observed 3 months after BCCAO. HMGB1 suppression with CRISPR/Cas9 knockout plasmid restored TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and attenuated hippocampal atrophy and cognitive decline. We believe that HMGB1 plays a pivotal role in CCH-induced VCI pathophysiology and can be a potential therapeutic target of VCI.
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24
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Solis E, Hascup KN, Hascup ER. Alzheimer's Disease: The Link Between Amyloid-β and Neurovascular Dysfunction. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 76:1179-1198. [PMID: 32597813 PMCID: PMC7483596 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While prevailing evidence supports that the amyloid cascade hypothesis is a key component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, many recent studies indicate that the vascular system is also a major contributor to disease progression. Vascular dysfunction and reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) occur prior to the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Although research has predominantly focused on the cellular processes involved with Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration, effects of Aβ on CBF and neurovascular coupling are becoming more evident. This review will describe AD vascular disturbances as they relate to Aβ, including chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, hypertension, altered neurovascular coupling, and deterioration of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, we will describe recent findings about the relationship between these vascular defects and Aβ accumulation with emphasis on in vivo studies utilizing rodent AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Solis
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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25
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Colín-Castelán D, Zaina S. Associations between atherosclerosis and neurological diseases, beyond ischemia-induced cerebral damage. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:15-25. [PMID: 30891682 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is traditionally viewed as a consequence of peptide accumulation in the brain, stroke and/or cerebral ischemia. Nonetheless, a number of scattered observations suggest that neurological disease and atherosclerosis may be linked by more complex mechanisms. Understanding the intricate link between atherosclerosis and neurological conditions may have a significant impact on the quality of life of the growing ageing population and of high cardiovascular risk groups in general. Epidemiological data support the notion that neurological dysfunction and atherosclerosis coexist long before any evident clinical complications of cardiovascular disease appear and may be causally linked. Baffling, often overlooked, molecular data suggest that nervous tissue-specific gene expression is relaxed specifically in the atheromatous vascular wall, and/or that a systemic dysregulation of genes involved in nervous system biology dictates a concomitant progression of neurological disease and atherosclerosis. Further epidemiological and experimental work is needed to clarify the details and clinical relevance of those complex links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannia Colín-Castelán
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Silvio Zaina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
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26
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Horsburgh K, Wardlaw JM, van Agtmael T, Allan SM, Ashford MLJ, Bath PM, Brown R, Berwick J, Cader MZ, Carare RO, Davis JB, Duncombe J, Farr TD, Fowler JH, Goense J, Granata A, Hall CN, Hainsworth AH, Harvey A, Hawkes CA, Joutel A, Kalaria RN, Kehoe PG, Lawrence CB, Lockhart A, Love S, Macleod MR, Macrae IM, Markus HS, McCabe C, McColl BW, Meakin PJ, Miller A, Nedergaard M, O'Sullivan M, Quinn TJ, Rajani R, Saksida LM, Smith C, Smith KJ, Touyz RM, Trueman RC, Wang T, Williams A, Williams SCR, Work LM. Small vessels, dementia and chronic diseases - molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:851-868. [PMID: 29712883 PMCID: PMC6700732 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major contributor to stroke, cognitive impairment and dementia with limited therapeutic interventions. There is a critical need to provide mechanistic insight and improve translation between pre-clinical research and the clinic. A 2-day workshop was held which brought together experts from several disciplines in cerebrovascular disease, dementia and cardiovascular biology, to highlight current advances in these fields, explore synergies and scope for development. These proceedings provide a summary of key talks at the workshop with a particular focus on animal models of cerebral vascular disease and dementia, mechanisms and approaches to improve translation. The outcomes of discussion groups on related themes to identify the gaps in knowledge and requirements to advance knowledge are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Tom van Agtmael
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | | | - Philip M Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Rosalind Brown
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Jason Berwick
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K
| | - M Zameel Cader
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K
| | - John B Davis
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Tracy D Farr
- School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Jill H Fowler
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Jozien Goense
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Alessandra Granata
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St Georges University of London, London, U.K
| | - Adam Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Cheryl A Hawkes
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, U.K
| | - Anne Joutel
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | | | - Catherine B Lawrence
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | | | - Seth Love
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - I Mhairi Macrae
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Chris McCabe
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Barry W McColl
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Paul J Meakin
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Alyson Miller
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA and University of Copenhagen's Center of Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Mater Centre for Neuroscience and Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Terry J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Rikesh Rajani
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Kenneth J Smith
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, U.K
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Anna Williams
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | | | - Lorraine M Work
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
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27
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Shih AY, Hyacinth HI, Hartmann DA, van Veluw SJ. Rodent Models of Cerebral Microinfarct and Microhemorrhage. Stroke 2018; 49:803-810. [PMID: 29459393 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.016995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Y Shih
- From the Department of Neuroscience (A.Y.S., D.A.H.) and Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.Y.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, GA (H.I.H.); and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.J.v.V.).
| | - Hyacinth I Hyacinth
- From the Department of Neuroscience (A.Y.S., D.A.H.) and Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.Y.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, GA (H.I.H.); and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.J.v.V.)
| | - David A Hartmann
- From the Department of Neuroscience (A.Y.S., D.A.H.) and Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.Y.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, GA (H.I.H.); and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.J.v.V.)
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- From the Department of Neuroscience (A.Y.S., D.A.H.) and Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.Y.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, GA (H.I.H.); and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.J.v.V.)
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28
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Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a key mechanism leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Closing the translational gap between rodent models and human vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2451-2468. [PMID: 28963120 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors contribute to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment and dementia. While there is considerable overlap between features of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), it appears that cerebral hypoperfusion is the common underlying pathophysiological mechanism which is a major contributor to cognitive decline and degenerative processes leading to dementia. Sustained cerebral hypoperfusion is suggested to be the cause of white matter attenuation, a key feature common to both AD and dementia associated with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). White matter changes increase the risk for stroke, dementia and disability. A major gap has been the lack of mechanistic insights into the evolution and progress of VCID. However, this gap is closing with the recent refinement of rodent models which replicate chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. In this review, we discuss the relevance and advantages of these models in elucidating the pathogenesis of VCID and explore the interplay between hypoperfusion and the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) protein, as it relates to AD. We use examples of our recent investigations to illustrate the utility of the model in preclinical testing of candidate drugs and lifestyle factors. We propose that the use of such models is necessary for tackling the urgently needed translational gap from preclinical models to clinical treatments.
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