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Xie H, Wei L, Ruan G, Zhang H, Shi H. Inflammaging score as a potential prognostic tool for cancer: A population-based cohort study. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111939. [PMID: 38744412 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a clinically applicable inflammaging score by combining the inflammatory status and age of patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare survival differences among patients with different grades of inflammation scores. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the inflammaging score and survival. As the age of patients increased, their levels of systemic inflammation gradually increased. A unique inverse relationship was found between the level of inflammation and cancer prognosis during the ageing process. Mediation analysis indicated that systemic inflammation mediates 10.1%-17.8% of the association between ageing and poor prognosis. With an increase in the inflammaging score from grades I to V, the survival rate showed a gradient decline. The inflammation score could effectively stratify the prognosis of patients with lung, bronchial, gastrointestinal, and other types of cancers. Compared with grade I, the hazard ratios for grades II-V were 1.239, 1.604, 1.724, and 2.348, respectively. In the external validation cohort, the inflammaging score remained an independent factor affecting the prognosis of patients with cancer. The inflammaging score, which combines ageing and inflammation, is a robust prognostic assessment tool for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Gland Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine,Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lishuang Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Gland Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine,Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guotian Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine,Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine,Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Gland Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine,Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Liu W, Weng S, Chen Y, Cao C, Peng D. Age-adjusted visceral adiposity index (VAI) is superior to VAI for predicting mortality among US adults: an analysis of the NHANES 2011-2014. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:24. [PMID: 38321181 PMCID: PMC10847207 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of visceral adiposity with mortality in older adults is conflicting. Whether age influences the predicting ability of visceral adiposity (VAI) for mortality remains unknown. This study uncovered the relationship between age-adjusted visceral adiposity index and mortality through the data of NHANES 2011-2014. METHODS This study obtained data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. The age-adjusted visceral adiposity index (AVAI) scores were expressed as quartiles. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was also applied to compare the predictive ability for mortality. Multivariate weighted Cox regression models were constructed to explore the association between AVAI and mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were conducted for survival analyses. Smooth curve fittings and two-piecewise linear models were applied to explore the relationships between AVAI and mortality. RESULTS This study recruited 4281 subjects aged ≥ 18 years from the NHANES 2011-2014. The AUCs of AVAI were 0.82 (0.79, 0.86) and 0.89 (0.85, 0.92) for predicting all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, which were superior to BMI, WC and VAI (all p < 0.05). AVAI is still an independent predictor for mortality adjusted for confounders. The associations of AVAI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities were dose-responsive, with higher AVAI scores indicating higher mortality risks. CONCLUSION Age significantly improves the ability of VAI for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Age-adjusted VAI is independently associated with mortality risk, and thus could be considered a reliable parameter for assessing mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuwei Weng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chenghui Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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3
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Müller L, Di Benedetto S. From aging to long COVID: exploring the convergence of immunosenescence, inflammaging, and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298004. [PMID: 37942323 PMCID: PMC10628127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of aging is accompanied by a dynamic restructuring of the immune response, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. This mini-review navigates through the complex landscape of age-associated immune changes, chronic inflammation, age-related autoimmune tendencies, and their potential links with immunopathology of Long COVID. Immunosenescence serves as an introductory departure point, elucidating alterations in immune cell profiles and their functional dynamics, changes in T-cell receptor signaling, cytokine network dysregulation, and compromised regulatory T-cell function. Subsequent scrutiny of chronic inflammation, or "inflammaging," highlights its roles in age-related autoimmune susceptibilities and its potential as a mediator of the immune perturbations observed in Long COVID patients. The introduction of epigenetic facets further amplifies the potential interconnections. In this compact review, we consider the dynamic interactions between immunosenescence, inflammation, and autoimmunity. We aim to explore the multifaceted relationships that link these processes and shed light on the underlying mechanisms that drive their interconnectedness. With a focus on understanding the immunological changes in the context of aging, we seek to provide insights into how immunosenescence and inflammation contribute to the emergence and progression of autoimmune disorders in the elderly and may serve as potential mediator for Long COVID disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Acevedo W, Morán-Figueroa R, Vargas-Chacoff L, Morera FJ, Pontigo JP. Revealing the Salmo salar NLRP3 Inflammasome: Insights from Structural Modeling and Transcriptome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14556. [PMID: 37834004 PMCID: PMC10572965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3, one of the most heavily studied inflammasome-related proteins in mammals, remains inadequately characterized in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), despite the significant commercial importance of this salmonid. The NLRP3 inflammasome is composed of the NLRP3 protein, which is associated with procaspase-1 via an adapter molecule known as ASC. This work aims to characterize the Salmo salar NLRP3 inflammasome through in silico structural modeling, functional transcript expression determination in the SHK-1 cell line in vitro, and a transcriptome analysis on Atlantic salmon. The molecular docking results suggested a similar arrangement of the ternary complex between NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 in both the Atlantic salmon and the mammalian NLRP3 inflammasomes. Moreover, the expression results confirmed the functionality of the SsNLRP3 inflammasome in the SHK-1 cells, as evidenced by the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in the transcription of genes involved in inflammasome activation, including ASC and NLRP3. Additionally, the transcriptome results revealed that most of the inflammasome-related genes, including ASC, NLRP3, and caspase-1, were down-regulated in the Atlantic salmon following its adaptation to seawater (also known as parr-smolt transformation). This is correlated with a temporary detrimental effected on the immune system. Collectively, these findings offer novel insights into the evolutionarily conserved role of NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldo Acevedo
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2373223, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Morán-Figueroa
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- IDEAL Research Center for Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Integrative Biology Group, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Francisco J. Morera
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Integrative Biology Group, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Pontigo
- Laboratorio Institucional de Investigación, Facultad Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Lago Panguipulli 1390, Puerto Montt 5090000, Chile
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5
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Jain A, Casanova D, Padilla AV, Paniagua Bojorges A, Kotla S, Ko KA, Samanthapudi VSK, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Wen J, Hernandez Gonzalez SL, Rodgers SP, Olmsted-Davis EA, Hamilton DJ, Reyes-Gibby C, Yeung SCJ, Cooke JP, Herrmann J, Chini EN, Xu X, Yusuf SW, Yoshimoto M, Lorenzi PL, Hobbs B, Krishnan S, Koutroumpakis E, Palaskas NL, Wang G, Deswal A, Lin SH, Abe JI, Le NT. Premature senescence and cardiovascular disease following cancer treatments: mechanistic insights. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1212174. [PMID: 37781317 PMCID: PMC10540075 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1212174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among the aging population. The "response-to-injury" model proposed by Dr. Russell Ross in 1999 emphasizes inflammation as a critical factor in atherosclerosis development, with atherosclerotic plaques forming due to endothelial cell (EC) injury, followed by myeloid cell adhesion and invasion into the blood vessel walls. Recent evidence indicates that cancer and its treatments can lead to long-term complications, including CVD. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is implicated in CVD pathogenesis, particularly in cancer survivors. However, the precise mechanisms linking premature senescence to CVD in cancer survivors remain poorly understood. This article aims to provide mechanistic insights into this association and propose future directions to better comprehend this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashita Jain
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Diego Casanova
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Khanh Chau
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jake Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Shaefali P. Rodgers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardio Oncology Clinic, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eduardo N. Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Syed Wamique Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of VP Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brain Hobbs
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Efstratios Koutroumpakis
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicolas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Le NT. Metabolic regulation of endothelial senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1232681. [PMID: 37649668 PMCID: PMC10464912 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1232681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) senescence is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to the development of vascular dysfunction and age-related disorders and diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The regulation of cellular senescence is known to be influenced by cellular metabolism. While extensive research has been conducted on the metabolic regulation of senescence in other cells such as cancer cells and fibroblasts, our understanding of the metabolic regulation of EC senescence remains limited. The specific metabolic changes that drive EC senescence are yet to be fully elucidated. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the intricate interplay between cellular metabolism and senescence, with a particular emphasis on recent advancements in understanding the metabolic changes preceding cellular senescence. I will summarize the current knowledge on the metabolic regulation of EC senescence, aiming to offer insights into the underlying mechanisms and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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7
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Algoet M, Janssens S, Himmelreich U, Gsell W, Pusovnik M, Van den Eynde J, Oosterlinck W. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and the influence of inflammation. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2023; 33:357-366. [PMID: 35181472 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is caused by a sudden coronary artery occlusion and leads to ischemia in the corresponding myocardial territory which generally results in myocardial necrosis. Without restoration of coronary perfusion, myocardial scar formation will cause adverse remodelling of the myocardium and heart failure. Successful introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention and surgical coronary artery bypass grafting made it possible to achieve early revascularisation/reperfusion, hence limiting the ischemic zone of myocardium. However, reperfusion by itself paradoxically triggers an exacerbated and accelerated injury in the myocardium, called ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This mechanism is partially driven by inflammation through multiple interacting pathways. In this review we summarize the current insights in mechanisms of I/R injury and the influence of altered inflammation. Multiple pharmacological and interventional therapeutic strategies (ischemic conditioning) have proven to be beneficial during I/R in preclinical models but were notoriously unsuccessful upon clinical translation. In this review we focus on common mechanisms of I/R injury, altered inflammation and potential therapeutic strategies. We hypothesize that a dual approach may be of value because I/R injury patients are predestined with multiple comorbidities and systemic low-grade inflammation, which requires targeted intervention before other strategies can be fully effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Algoet
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matic Pusovnik
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Van den Eynde
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Helen B. Taussig Heart Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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8
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Clerico A, Zaninotto M, Aimo A, Cardinale DM, Dittadi R, Sandri MT, Perrone MA, Belloni L, Fortunato A, Trenti T, Plebani M. Variability of cardiac troponin levels in normal subjects and in patients with cardiovascular diseases: analytical considerations and clinical relevance. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1209-1229. [PMID: 36695506 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In accordance with all the most recent international guidelines, the variation of circulating levels of cardiac troponins I and T, measured with high-sensitivity methods (hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT), should be used for the detection of acute myocardial injury. Recent experimental and clinical evidences have demonstrated that the evaluation of hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT variations is particularly relevant: a) for the differential diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) in patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED); b) for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in patients undergoing major cardiac or non-cardiac surgery, and in asymptomatic subjects of the general population aged >55 years and with co-morbidities; c) for the evaluation of cardiotoxicity caused by administration of some chemotherapy drugs in patients with malignant tumors. The aim of this document is to discuss the fundamental statistical and biological considerations on the intraindividual variability of hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT over time in the same individual. Firstly, it will be discussed in detail as the variations of circulating levels strictly depend not only on the analytical error of the method used but also on the intra-individual variability of the biomarker. Afterwards, the pathophysiological interpretation and the clinical relevance of the determination of the variability of the hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT values in patients with specific clinical conditions are discussed. Finally, the evaluation over time of the variation in circulating levels of hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT is proposed for a more accurate estimation of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic subjects from the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Clerico
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna e Fondazione CNR, Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Università-Ospedale di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, e Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna e Fondazione CNR, Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ruggero Dittadi
- Unità di Medicina di Laboratorio, Ospedale dell'Angelo, e Centro Regionale dei Biomarcatori, Dipartimento di Patologia Clinica, Azienda ULSS 3, Mestre, Italy
| | - Maria T Sandri
- Laboratorio Bianalisi, Carate Brianza, Monza e Brianza, Italy
| | - Marco Alfonso Perrone
- Dipartimento di Biochimica Clinica e Divisione di Cardiologia, Università e Ospedale di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Belloni
- Unità di Immunologia Clinica, Allergia e Biotecnologie Avanzate, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Trenti
- Dipartimento di Patologia Clinica e Laboratorio, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Università-Ospedale di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, e Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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9
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Abstract
Vascular age is determined by functional and structural changes in the arterial wall. When measured by its proxy, pulse wave velocity, it has been shown to predict cardiovascular and total mortality. Disconcordance between chronological and vascular age might represent better or worse vascular health. Cell senescence is caused by oxidative stress and sustained cell replication. Senescent cells acquire senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dysregulation of coagulation and leucocyte infiltration are observed in the aging endothelium. All of these mechanisms lead to increased vascular calcification and stiffness. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can involve the vascular endothelium. It enters cells using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors, which are abundant in endothelial cells. The damage this virus does to the endothelium can be direct or indirect. Indirect damage is caused by hyperinflammation. Direct damage results from effects on ACE-2 receptors. The reduction of ACE-2 levels seen during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection might cause vasoconstriction and oxidative stress. COVID-19 and vascular aging share some pathways. Due to the novelty of the virus, there is an urgent need for studies that investigate its long-term effects on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignas Badaras
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania,Ignas Badaras, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius
University, M. K. Ciurlionio g. 21/27, LT-03101, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania.
| | - Agnė Laučytė-Cibulskienė
- Department of Nephrology, Skåne University
Hospital, Malmö, Sweden,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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10
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Krammer C, Yang B, Reichl S, Besson-Girard S, Ji H, Bolini V, Schulte C, Noels H, Schlepckow K, Jocher G, Werner G, Willem M, El Bounkari O, Kapurniotu A, Gokce O, Weber C, Mohanta S, Bernhagen J. Pathways linking aging and atheroprotection in Mif-deficient atherosclerotic mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22752. [PMID: 36794636 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200056r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of our arteries and the main underlying pathology of myocardial infarction and stroke. The pathogenesis is age-dependent, but the links between disease progression, age, and atherogenic cytokines and chemokines are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the chemokine-like inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in atherogenic Apoe-/- mice across different stages of aging and cholesterol-rich high-fat diet (HFD). MIF promotes atherosclerosis by mediating leukocyte recruitment, lesional inflammation, and suppressing atheroprotective B cells. However, links between MIF and advanced atherosclerosis across aging have not been systematically explored. We compared effects of global Mif-gene deficiency in 30-, 42-, and 48-week-old Apoe-/- mice on HFD for 24, 36, or 42 weeks, respectively, and in 52-week-old mice on a 6-week HFD. Mif-deficient mice exhibited reduced atherosclerotic lesions in the 30/24- and 42/36-week-old groups, but atheroprotection, which in the applied Apoe-/- model was limited to lesions in the brachiocephalic artery and abdominal aorta, was not detected in the 48/42- and 52/6-week-old groups. This suggested that atheroprotection afforded by global Mif-gene deletion differs across aging stages and atherogenic diet duration. To characterize this phenotype and study the underlying mechanisms, we determined immune cells in the periphery and vascular lesions, obtained a multiplex cytokine/chemokine profile, and compared the transcriptome between the age-related phenotypes. We found that Mif deficiency promotes lesional macrophage and T-cell counts in younger but not aged mice, with subgroup analysis pointing toward a role for Trem2+ macrophages. The transcriptomic analysis identified pronounced MIF- and aging-dependent changes in pathways predominantly related to lipid synthesis and metabolism, lipid storage, and brown fat cell differentiation, as well as immunity, and atherosclerosis-relevant enriched genes such as Plin1, Ldlr, Cpne7, or Il34, hinting toward effects on lesional lipids, foamy macrophages, and immune cells. Moreover, Mif-deficient aged mice exhibited a distinct plasma cytokine/chemokine signature consistent with the notion that mediators known to drive inflamm'aging are either not downregulated or even upregulated in Mif-deficient aged mice compared with the corresponding younger ones. Lastly, Mif deficiency favored formation of lymphocyte-rich peri-adventitial leukocyte clusters. While the causative contributions of these mechanistic pillars and their interplay will be subject to future scrutiny, our study suggests that atheroprotection due to global Mif-gene deficiency in atherogenic Apoe-/- mice is reduced upon advanced aging and identifies previously unrecognized cellular and molecular targets that could explain this phenotype shift. These observations enhance our understanding of inflamm'aging and MIF pathways in atherosclerosis and may have implications for translational MIF-directed strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Krammer
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Bishan Yang
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Reichl
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Besson-Girard
- Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hao Ji
- Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Bolini
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Schulte
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Schlepckow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Jocher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Werner
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Aphrodite Kapurniotu
- Division of Peptide Biochemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ozgun Gokce
- Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarajo Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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11
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Peng H, Wang S, Wang M, Wang X, Guo H, Huang J, Wu T. Lifestyle Factors, Genetic Risk, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Prospective Cohort Study in UK Biobank. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040864. [PMID: 36839222 PMCID: PMC9965301 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is limited regarding the association between lifestyles and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the extent to which healthy lifestyles could offset the genetic risk of CVD in females with breast cancer (BC). METHODS Females diagnosed as BC, who were free of CVD at baseline, from UK Biobank were included. Five modifiable lifestyle factors were considered to calculate the healthy lifestyle score, namely body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary habits, and physical activity. The polygenetic risk score (PRS) was derived for coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke (IS), and heart failure (HF). RESULTS In 13,348 female BC survivors, there were 986 CVD events (736 CHD, 165 IS, and 353 HF) over a median of 8.01 years of follow-up. Participants with 4-5 healthy lifestyle components were associated with a decreased risk of incident CVD (HR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.37, 0.66), CHD (HR: 0.49; 95%CI: 0.35, 0.69), IS (HR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.65), and HF (HR: 0.59; 95%CI: 0.36, 0.97), compared with those with 0-1 lifestyle components. Evidence for the genetic-lifestyle interaction was observed for CHD (p = 0.034) and HF (p = 0.044). Among participants at high genetic risk, a healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of CHD (HR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.24, 0.56), IS (HR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.15, 0.93) and HF (HR: 0.39; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.73). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BC survivors with a high genetic risk could benefit more from adherence to a healthy lifestyle in reducing CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Siyue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huangda Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (T.W.)
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12
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Inflammageing and Cardiovascular System: Focus on Cardiokines and Cardiac-Specific Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010844. [PMID: 36614282 PMCID: PMC9820990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "inflammageing" was introduced in 2000, with the aim of describing the chronic inflammatory state typical of elderly individuals, which is characterized by a combination of elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, a high burden of comorbidities, an elevated risk of disability, frailty, and premature death. Inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and rapid progression to heart failure. The great experimental and clinical evidence accumulated in recent years has clearly demonstrated that early detection and counteraction of inflammageing is a promising strategy not only to prevent cardiovascular disease, but also to slow down the progressive decline of health that occurs with ageing. It is conceivable that beneficial effects of counteracting inflammageing should be most effective if implemented in the early stages, when the compensatory capacity of the organism is not completely exhausted. Early interventions and treatments require early diagnosis using reliable and cost-effective biomarkers. Indeed, recent clinical studies have demonstrated that cardiac-specific biomarkers (i.e., cardiac natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponins) are able to identify, even in the general population, the individuals at highest risk of progression to heart failure. However, further clinical studies are needed to better understand the usefulness and cost/benefit ratio of cardiac-specific biomarkers as potential targets in preventive and therapeutic strategies for early detection and counteraction of inflammageing mechanisms and in this way slowing the progressive decline of health that occurs with ageing.
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13
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Booth LK, Redgrave RE, Tual-Chalot S, Spyridopoulos I, Phillips HM, Richardson GD. Heart Disease and Ageing: The Roles of Senescence, Mitochondria, and Telomerase in Cardiovascular Disease. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:45-78. [PMID: 37120464 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
During ageing molecular damage leads to the accumulation of several hallmarks of ageing including mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, genetic instability and chronic inflammation, which contribute to the development and progression of ageing-associated diseases including cardiovascular disease. Consequently, understanding how these hallmarks of biological ageing interact with the cardiovascular system and each other is fundamental to the pursuit of improving cardiovascular health globally. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of how candidate hallmarks contribute to cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and subsequent myocardial infarction, and age-related heart failure. Further, we consider the evidence that, even in the absence of chronological age, acute cellular stress leading to accelerated biological ageing expedites cardiovascular dysfunction and impacts on cardiovascular health. Finally, we consider the opportunities that modulating hallmarks of ageing offer for the development of novel cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Booth
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachael E Redgrave
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen M Phillips
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gavin D Richardson
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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14
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Inci N, Kamali D, Akyildiz EO, Tahir Turanli E, Bozaykut P. Translation of Cellular Senescence to Novel Therapeutics: Insights From Alternative Tools and Models. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:828058. [PMID: 35821852 PMCID: PMC9261353 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.828058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing chronological age is the greatest risk factor for human diseases. Cellular senescence (CS), which is characterized by permanent cell-cycle arrest, has recently emerged as a fundamental mechanism in developing aging-related pathologies. During the aging process, senescent cell accumulation results in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which plays an essential role in tissue dysfunction. Although discovered very recently, senotherapeutic drugs have been already involved in clinical studies. This review gives a summary of the molecular mechanisms of CS and its role particularly in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as the leading cause of death. In addition, it addresses alternative research tools including the nonhuman and human models as well as computational techniques for the discovery of novel therapies. Finally, senotherapeutic approaches that are mainly classified as senolytics and senomorphics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Inci
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilanur Kamali
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdogan Oguzhan Akyildiz
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Tahir Turanli
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perinur Bozaykut
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Perinur Bozaykut,
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15
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Puspitasari YM, Ministrini S, Schwarz L, Karch C, Liberale L, Camici GG. Modern Concepts in Cardiovascular Disease: Inflamm-Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:882211. [PMID: 35663390 PMCID: PMC9158480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.882211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvements in healthcare services and quality of life result in a longer life expectancy and a higher number of aged individuals, who are inevitably affected by age-associated cardiovascular (CV) diseases. This challenging demographic shift calls for a greater effort to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related CV diseases to identify new therapeutic targets to cope with the ongoing aging "pandemic". Essential for protection against external pathogens and intrinsic degenerative processes, the inflammatory response becomes dysregulated with aging, leading to a persistent state of low-grade inflammation known as inflamm-aging. Of interest, inflammation has been recently recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of CV diseases, suggesting inflamm-aging as a possible driver of age-related CV afflictions and a plausible therapeutic target in this context. This review discusses the molecular pathways underlying inflamm-aging and their involvement in CV disease. Moreover, the potential of several anti-inflammatory approaches in this context is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lena Schwarz
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Karch
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni G. Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Yuan Y, Liang B, Liu XL, Liu WJ, Huang BH, Yang SB, Gao YZ, Meng JS, Li MJ, Ye T, Wang CZ, Hu XK, Xing DM. Targeting NAD+: is it a common strategy to delay heart aging? Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:230. [PMID: 35474295 PMCID: PMC9042931 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart aging is the main susceptible factor to coronary heart disease and significantly increases the risk of heart failure, especially when the aging heart is suffering from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Numerous studies with NAD+ supplementations have suggested its use in anti-aging treatment. However, systematic reviews regarding the overall role of NAD+ in cardiac aging are scarce. The relationship between NAD+ signaling and heart aging has yet to be clarified. This review comprehensively summarizes the current studies on the role of NAD+ signaling in delaying heart aging from the following aspects: the influence of NAD+ supplementations on the aging heart; the relationship and cross-talks between NAD+ signaling and other cardiac aging-related signaling pathways; Importantly, the therapeutic potential of targeting NAD+ in delaying heart aging will be discussed. In brief, NAD+ plays a vital role in delaying heart aging. However, the abnormalities such as altered glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and calcium overload could also interfere with NAD+ function in the heart. Therefore, the specific physiopathology of the aging heart should be considered before applying NAD+ supplementations. We believe that this article will help augment our understanding of heart aging mechanisms. In the meantime, it provides invaluable insights into possible therapeutic strategies for preventing age-related heart diseases in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Lin Liu
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing-Huan Huang
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan-Bo Yang
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan-Zhen Gao
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Sen Meng
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Jiao Li
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Wang
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Hu
- Interventional Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong-Ming Xing
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Narayan P, Trikantzopoulos E, Mezzaroma E, Mauro AG, Vohra H, Abbate A, Toldo S. The interleukin-1 receptor type I promotes the development of aging-associated cardiomyopathy in mice. Cytokine 2022; 151:155811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cárdenas G, Chávez-Canales M, Espinosa AM, Jordán-Ríos A, Malagon DA, Murillo MFM, Araujo LVT, Campos RLB, Wong-Chew RM, González LER, Cresencio KI, Velázquez EG, de la Cerda MR, Leyva Y, Hernández-Ruiz J, Hernández-Medel ML, León-Hernández M, Quero KM, Monciváis AS, Díaz SH, Martínez IRZ, Martínez-Cuazitl A, Salazar INM, Sarmiento EB, Peña AF, Hernández PS, Reynoso RIA, Reyes DM, del Río Ambriz LR, Bonilla RAA, Cruz J, Huerta L, Fierro NA, Hernández M, Pérez-Tapia M, Meneses G, Espíndola-Arriaga E, Rosas G, Chinney A, Mendoza SR, Hernández-Aceves JA, Cervantes-Torres J, Rodríguez AF, Alor RO, Francisco SO, Salazar EA, Besedovsky H, Romano MC, Bobes RJ, Jung H, Soldevila G, López-Alvarenga J, Fragoso G, Laclette JP, Sciutto E. Intranasal dexamethasone: a new clinical trial for the control of inflammation and neuroinflammation in COVID-19 patients. Trials 2022; 23:148. [PMID: 35164840 PMCID: PMC8845269 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background By end December of 2021, COVID-19 has infected around 276 million individuals and caused over 5 million deaths worldwide. Infection results in dysregulated systemic inflammation, multi-organ dysfunction, and critical illness. Cells of the central nervous system are also affected, triggering an uncontrolled neuroinflammatory response. Low doses of glucocorticoids, administered orally or intravenously, reduce mortality among moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. However, low doses administered by these routes do not reach therapeutic levels in the CNS. In contrast, intranasally administered dexamethasone can result in therapeutic doses in the CNS even at low doses. Methods This is an approved open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of intranasal versus intravenous dexamethasone administered in low doses to moderate and severe COVID-19 adult patients. The protocol is conducted in five health institutions in Mexico City. A total of 120 patients will be randomized into two groups (intravenous vs. intranasal) at a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will be treated with the corresponding dexamethasone scheme for 10 days. The primary outcome of the study will be clinical improvement, defined as a statistically significant reduction in the NEWS-2 score of patients with intranasal versus intravenous dexamethasone administration. The secondary outcome will be the reduction in mortality during hospitalization. Conclusions This protocol is currently in progress to improve the efficacy of the standard therapeutic dexamethasone regimen for moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04513184. Registered November 12, 2020. Approved by La Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios (COFEPRIS) with identification number DI/20/407/04/36. People are currently being recruited. Graphical abstract ![]()
REVIVAL is a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled study to compare the standard low doses of intravenous dexamethasone with weight-adjusted low doses of intranasal dexamethasone. Intranasal dexamethasone can reach the respiratory tract more effectively than intravenous administration. Intranasal dexamethasone can reach the central nervous system in therapeutic concentrations, even at low doses. REVIVAL aims to reduce central failures and sequelae by controlling not only systemic inflammation but also neuroinflammation.
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Liu B, Zhou Z, Jin Y, Lu J, Feng D, Peng R, Sun H, Mu X, Li C, Chen Y. Hepatic stellate cell activation and senescence induced by intrahepatic microbiota disturbances drive progression of liver cirrhosis toward hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003069. [PMID: 34996812 PMCID: PMC8744134 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of the relationship between the microbiota and diseases is increasingly being recognized. However, the characterization of tumor microbiome and their precise molecular mechanisms through which microbiota promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development are still unclear. METHODS The intrahepatic microbiota was investigated from tumor, normal adjacent tissues in 46 patients with HCC and normal hepatic tissues in 33 patients with hemangioma by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Taxonomic composition differences in patients were evaluated using Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LefSe) and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) to predict microbial functional pathways. Associations between the most relevant taxa and clinical characteristics of HCC patients were analyzed by Spearman rank correlations. The effects of microbe on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and HCC progression were examined. RESULTS We observed intrahepatic microbiota disturbances by reduced microbial diversity in HCC. The tumor microbiota of the HCC patients with cirrhosis showed higher abundance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia). S. maltophilia provoked senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in HSCs by activating TLR-4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway, which in turn induced NLRP3 inflammasome complex formation and secreted various inflammatory factors in the liver, thus facilitating HCC progression in mice. Moreover, signs of SASP were also observed in the HSCs in the area of HCC with higher S. maltophilia enrichment arising in patients with cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of the hepatic microbiota revealed for the first time that patients with HCC exhibited a dysbiotic microbial community with higher S. maltophilia abundance, which induced the expression SASP factors of HSCs and cirrhosis in the liver, concurring in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zewei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinying Lu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongju Feng
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Mu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changxian Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Heinzmann ACA, Coenen DM, Vajen T, Cosemans JMEM, Koenen RR. Combined Antiplatelet Therapy Reduces the Proinflammatory Properties of Activated Platelets. TH OPEN 2021; 5:e533-e542. [PMID: 34901735 PMCID: PMC8651446 DOI: 10.1055/a-1682-3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of atherothrombosis is rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic lesions, leading to an increased risk of myocardial infarction or stroke. Here, platelet activation plays a major role, leading to the release of bioactive molecules, for example, chemokines and coagulation factors, and to platelet clot formation. Several antiplatelet therapies have been developed for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, in which anticoagulant drugs are often combined. Besides playing a role in hemostasis, platelets are also involved in inflammation. However, it is unclear whether current antiplatelet therapies also affect platelet immune functions. In this study, the possible anti-inflammatory effects of antiplatelet medications on chemokine release were investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and on the chemotaxis of THP-1 cells toward platelet releasates. We found that antiplatelet medication acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) led to reduced chemokine (CC motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) release from platelets, while leukocyte chemotaxis was not affected. Depending on the agonist, α
IIb
β
3
and P2Y
12
inhibitors also affected CCL5 or CXCL4 release. The combination of ASA with a P2Y
12
inhibitor or a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor did not lead to an additive reduction in CCL5 or CXCL4 release. Interestingly, these combinations did reduce leukocyte chemotaxis. This study provides evidence that combined therapy of ASA and a P2Y
12
or PDE3 inhibitor can decrease the inflammatory leukocyte recruiting potential of the releasate of activated platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C A Heinzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle M Coenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Tanja Vajen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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21
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Goswami SK, Ranjan P, Dutta RK, Verma SK. Management of inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105912. [PMID: 34562603 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Recently, the role of inflammation in the progression of diseases has significantly attracted considerable attention. In addition, various comorbidities, including diabetes, obesity, etc. exacerbate inflammation in the cardiovascular system, which ultimately leads to heart failure. Furthermore, cytokines released from specialized immune cells are key mediators of cardiac inflammation. Here, in this review article, we focused on the role of selected immune cells and cytokines (both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) in the regulation of cardiac inflammation and ultimately in cardiovascular diseases. While IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ are associated with cardiac inflammation; IL-10, TGFβ, etc. are associated with resolution of inflammation and cardiac repair. IL-10 reduces cardiovascular inflammation and protects the cardiovascular system via interaction with SMAD2, p53, HuR, miR-375 and miR-21 pathway. In addition, we also highlighted recent advancements in the management of cardiac inflammation, including clinical trials of anti-inflammatory molecules to alleviate cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Prabhat Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Roshan Kumar Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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22
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Senescence and senolytics in cardiovascular disease: Promise and potential pitfalls. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111540. [PMID: 34237321 PMCID: PMC8387860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the biggest risk factor for impaired cardiovascular health, with cardiovascular disease being the cause of death in 40 % of individuals over 65 years old. Ageing is associated with an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis, coronary artery stenosis and subsequent myocardial infarction, thoracic aortic aneurysm, valvular heart disease and heart failure. An accumulation of senescence and increased inflammation, caused by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, have been implicated in the aetiology and progression of these age-associated diseases. Recently it has been demonstrated that compounds targeting components of anti-apoptotic pathways expressed by senescent cells can preferentially induce senescence cells to apoptosis and have been termed senolytics. In this review, we discuss the evidence demonstrating that senescence contributes to cardiovascular disease, with a particular focus on studies that indicate the promise of senotherapy. Based on these data we suggest novel indications for senolytics as a treatment of cardiovascular diseases which have yet to be studied in the context of senotherapy. Finally, while the potential benefits are encouraging, several complications may result from senolytic treatment. We, therefore, consider these challenges in the context of the cardiovascular system.
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23
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Gastaldi S, Boscaro V, Gianquinto E, Sandall CF, Giorgis M, Marini E, Blua F, Gallicchio M, Spyrakis F, MacDonald JA, Bertinaria M. Chemical Modulation of the 1-(Piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2 H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-one Scaffold as a Novel NLRP3 Inhibitor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133975. [PMID: 34209843 PMCID: PMC8271538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for new chemical scaffolds able to afford NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, we used a pharmacophore-hybridization strategy by combining the structure of the acrylic acid derivative INF39 with the 1-(piperidin-4-yl)1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-one substructure present in HS203873, a recently identified NLRP3 binder. A series of differently modulated benzo[d]imidazole-2-one derivatives were designed and synthesised. The obtained compounds were screened in vitro to test their ability to inhibit NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis and IL-1β release in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells stimulated with LPS/ATP. The selected compounds were evaluated for their ability to reduce the ATPase activity of human recombinant NLRP3 using a newly developed assay. From this screening, compounds 9, 13 and 18, able to concentration-dependently inhibit IL-1β release in LPS/ATP-stimulated human macrophages, emerged as the most promising NLRP3 inhibitors of the series. Computational simulations were applied for building the first complete model of the NLRP3 inactive state and for identifying possible binding sites available to the tested compounds. The analyses led us to suggest a mechanism of protein–ligand binding that might explain the activity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gastaldi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Valentina Boscaro
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Eleonora Gianquinto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Christina F. Sandall
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (C.F.S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Marta Giorgis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Blua
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Margherita Gallicchio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Justin A. MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (C.F.S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Massimo Bertinaria
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.G.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.G.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6707146
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24
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Liu D, de Souza JV, Ahmad A, Bronowska AK. Structure, Dynamics, and Ligand Recognition of Human-Specific CHRFAM7A (Dupα7) Nicotinic Receptor Linked to Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5466. [PMID: 34067314 PMCID: PMC8196834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic α7 nicotinic receptors encoded by the CHRNA7 gene are ligand-gated ion channels directly related to memory and immunomodulation. Exons 5-7 in CHRNA7 can be duplicated and fused to exons A-E of FAR7a, resulting in a hybrid gene known as CHRFAM7A, unique to humans. Its product, denoted herein as Dupα7, is a truncated subunit where the N-terminal 146 residues of the ligand binding domain of the α7 receptor have been replaced by 27 residues from FAM7. Dupα7 negatively affects the functioning of α7 receptors associated with neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's diseases and schizophrenia. However, the stoichiometry for the α7 nicotinic receptor containing dupα7 monomers remains unknown. In this work, we developed computational models of all possible combinations of wild-type α7 and dupα7 pentamers and evaluated their stability via atomistic molecular dynamics and coarse-grain simulations. We assessed the effect of dupα7 subunits on the Ca2+ conductance using free energy calculations. We showed that receptors comprising of four or more dupα7 subunits are not stable enough to constitute a functional ion channel. We also showed that models with dupα7/α7 interfaces are more stable and are less detrimental for the ion conductance in comparison to dupα7/dupα7 interfaces. Based on these models, we used protein-protein docking to evaluate how such interfaces would interact with an antagonist, α-bungarotoxin, and amyloid Aβ42. Our findings show that the optimal stoichiometry of dupα7/α7 functional pentamers should be no more than three dupα7 monomers, in favour of a dupα7/α7 interface in comparison to a homodimer dupα7/dupα7 interface. We also showed that receptors bearing dupα7 subunits are less sensitive to Aβ42 effects, which may shed light on the translational gap reported for strategies focused on nicotinic receptors in 'Alzheimer's disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlin Liu
- Chemistry—School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK; (D.L.); (J.V.d.S.); (A.A.)
| | - João V. de Souza
- Chemistry—School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK; (D.L.); (J.V.d.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ayaz Ahmad
- Chemistry—School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK; (D.L.); (J.V.d.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Agnieszka K. Bronowska
- Chemistry—School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK; (D.L.); (J.V.d.S.); (A.A.)
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
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