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Nicolaou A, Kendall AC. Bioactive lipids in the skin barrier mediate its functionality in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 260:108681. [PMID: 38897295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Our skin protects us from external threats including ultraviolet radiation, pathogens and chemicals, and prevents excessive trans-epidermal water loss. These varied activities are reliant on a vast array of lipids, many of which are unique to skin, and that support physical, microbiological and immunological barriers. The cutaneous physical barrier is dependent on a specific lipid matrix that surrounds terminally-differentiated keratinocytes in the stratum corneum. Sebum- and keratinocyte-derived lipids cover the skin's surface and support and regulate the skin microbiota. Meanwhile, lipids signal between resident and infiltrating cutaneous immune cells, driving inflammation and its resolution in response to pathogens and other threats. Lipids of particular importance include ceramides, which are crucial for stratum corneum lipid matrix formation and therefore physical barrier functionality, fatty acids, which contribute to the acidic pH of the skin surface and regulate the microbiota, as well as the stratum corneum lipid matrix, and bioactive metabolites of these fatty acids, involved in cell signalling, inflammation, and numerous other cutaneous processes. These diverse and complex lipids maintain homeostasis in healthy skin, and are implicated in many cutaneous diseases, as well as unrelated systemic conditions with skin manifestations, and processes such as ageing. Lipids also contribute to the gut-skin axis, signalling between the two barrier sites. Therefore, skin lipids provide a valuable resource for exploration of healthy cutaneous processes, local and systemic disease development and progression, and accessible biomarker discovery for systemic disease, as well as an opportunity to fully understand the relationship between the host and the skin microbiota. Investigation of skin lipids could provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and help identify new targets for interventions. Development and improvement of existing in vitro and in silico approaches to explore the cutaneous lipidome, as well as advances in skin lipidomics technologies, will facilitate ongoing progress in skin lipid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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2
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Sukocheva OA, Neganova ME, Aleksandrova Y, Burcher JT, Chugunova E, Fan R, Tse E, Sethi G, Bishayee A, Liu J. Signaling controversy and future therapeutical perspectives of targeting sphingolipid network in cancer immune editing and resistance to tumor necrosis factor-α immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:251. [PMID: 38698424 PMCID: PMC11064425 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer immune surveillance and immunotherapies trigger activation of cytotoxic cytokine signaling, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathways. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α may be secreted by stromal cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and by cancer cells, indicating a prominent role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, tumors manage to adapt, escape immune surveillance, and ultimately develop resistance to the cytotoxic effects of TNF-α. The mechanisms by which cancer cells evade host immunity is a central topic of current cancer research. Resistance to TNF-α is mediated by diverse molecular mechanisms, such as mutation or downregulation of TNF/TRAIL receptors, as well as activation of anti-apoptotic enzymes and transcription factors. TNF-α signaling is also mediated by sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and SphK2), which are responsible for synthesis of the growth-stimulating phospholipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Multiple studies have demonstrated the crucial role of S1P and its transmembrane receptors (S1PR) in both the regulation of inflammatory responses and progression of cancer. Considering that the SphK/S1P/S1PR axis mediates cancer resistance, this sphingolipid signaling pathway is of mechanistic significance when considering immunotherapy-resistant malignancies. However, the exact mechanism by which sphingolipids contribute to the evasion of immune surveillance and abrogation of TNF-α-induced apoptosis remains largely unclear. This study reviews mechanisms of TNF-α-resistance in cancer cells, with emphasis on the pro-survival and immunomodulatory effects of sphingolipids. Inhibition of SphK/S1P-linked pro-survival branch may facilitate reactivation of the pro-apoptotic TNF superfamily effects, although the role of SphK/S1P inhibitors in the regulation of the TME and lymphocyte trafficking should be thoroughly assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Jack T Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Elena Chugunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Edmund Tse
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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3
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Fenizia S, Gaggini M, Vassalle C. Interplay between Vitamin D and Sphingolipids in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17123. [PMID: 38069444 PMCID: PMC10706901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are structural, bioactive molecules with several key cellular roles, whereas 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), the active form of vitamin D, is considered the major regulator of calcium homeostasis, although it also exerts other extraskeletal effects. Many studies reported the physiological connection between vitamin D and SLs, highlighting not only the effects of vitamin D on SL metabolism and signaling but also the influence of SLs on vitamin D levels and function, thus strongly suggesting a crosstalk between these molecules. After a brief description of 1,25(OH)D and SL metabolism, this review aims to discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence on the crosstalk between SLs and 1,25(OH)D, with a special focus on cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Fenizia
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, I-28100 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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4
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Xiao S, Peng K, Li C, Long Y, Yu Q. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in autophagy and related disorders. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:380. [PMID: 37852968 PMCID: PMC10584985 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
S1P, also referred to as sphingosine-1-phosphate, is a lipid molecule with bioactive properties involved in numerous cellular processes such as cell growth, movement, programmed cell death, self-degradation, cell specialization, aging, and immune system reactions. Autophagy is a meticulously controlled mechanism in which cells repurpose their elements to maintain cellular balance. There are five stages in autophagy: initiation, nucleation, elongation and maturation, fusion, and degradation. New research has provided insight into the complex connection between S1P and autophagy, uncovering their interaction in both normal and abnormal circumstances. Gaining knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of S1P signaling on autophagy can offer a valuable understanding of its function in well-being and illness, potentially leading to innovative therapeutic concepts for diverse ailments. Hence, this review analyzes the essential stages in mammalian autophagy, with a specific emphasis on recent research exploring the control of each stage by S1P. Additionally, it sheds light on the roles of S1P-induced autophagy in various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Kaixin Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Congxin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, P.R. China.
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5
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Huwiler A. Topical Collection: New Insights on Sphingolipids in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119528. [PMID: 37298478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The last two decades have boosted research on sphingolipids as bioactive and signaling molecules [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Yang C, Rybchyn MS, De Silva WGM, Matthews J, Dixon KM, Holland AJA, Conigrave AD, Mason RS. The CaSR Modulator NPS-2143 Reduced UV-Induced DNA Damage in Skh:hr1 Hairless Mice but Minimally Inhibited Skin Tumours. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054921. [PMID: 36902353 PMCID: PMC10002576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is an important regulator of epidermal function. We previously reported that knockdown of the CaSR or treatment with its negative allosteric modulator, NPS-2143, significantly reduced UV-induced DNA damage, a key factor in skin cancer development. We subsequently wanted to test whether topical NPS-2143 could also reduce UV-DNA damage, immune suppression, or skin tumour development in mice. In this study, topical application of NPS-2143 (228 or 2280 pmol/cm2) to Skh:hr1 female mice reduced UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) (p < 0.05) and oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG) (p < 0.05) to a similar extent as the known photoprotective agent 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (calcitriol, 1,25D). Topical NPS-2143 failed to rescue UV-induced immunosuppression in a contact hypersensitivity study. In a chronic UV photocarcinogenesis protocol, topical NPS-2143 reduced squamous cell carcinomas for only up to 24 weeks (p < 0.02) but had no other effect on skin tumour development. In human keratinocytes, 1,25D, which protected mice from UV-induced skin tumours, significantly reduced UV-upregulated p-CREB expression (p < 0.01), a potential early anti-tumour marker, while NPS-2143 had no effect. This result, together with the failure to reduce UV-induced immunosuppression, may explain why the reduction in UV-DNA damage in mice with NPS-2143 was not sufficient to inhibit skin tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Stephen Rybchyn
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia
| | | | - Jim Matthews
- Sydney Informatics Hub, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Katie Marie Dixon
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew J. A. Holland
- Douglas Cohen Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Arthur David Conigrave
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca Sara Mason
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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7
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Kleuser B, Bäumer W. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate as Essential Signaling Molecule in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021456. [PMID: 36674974 PMCID: PMC9863039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are crucial molecules of the mammalian epidermis. The formation of skin-specific ceramides contributes to the formation of lipid lamellae, which are important for the protection of the epidermis from excessive water loss and protect the skin from the invasion of pathogens and the penetration of xenobiotics. In addition to being structural constituents of the epidermal layer, sphingolipids are also key signaling molecules that participate in the regulation of epidermal cells and the immune cells of the skin. While the importance of ceramides with regard to the proliferation and differentiation of skin cells has been known for a long time, it has emerged in recent years that the sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is also involved in processes such as the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. In addition, the immunomodulatory role of this sphingolipid species is becoming increasingly apparent. This is significant as S1P mediates a variety of its actions via G-protein coupled receptors. It is, therefore, not surprising that dysregulation in the signaling pathways of S1P is involved in the pathophysiological conditions of skin diseases. In the present review, the importance of S1P in skin cells, as well as the immune cells of the skin, is elaborated. In particular, the role of the molecule in inflammatory skin diseases will be discussed. This is important because interfering with S1P signaling pathways may represent an innovative option for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstr. 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (W.B.)
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8
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Means RE, Katz SG. Balancing life and death: BCL-2 family members at diverse ER-mitochondrial contact sites. FEBS J 2022; 289:7075-7112. [PMID: 34668625 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The outer mitochondrial membrane is a busy place. One essential activity for cellular survival is the regulation of membrane integrity by the BCL-2 family of proteins. Another critical facet of the outer mitochondrial membrane is its close approximation with the endoplasmic reticulum. These mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) occupy a significant fraction of the mitochondrial surface and serve as key signaling hubs for multiple cellular processes. Each of these pathways may be considered as forming their own specialized MAM subtype. Interestingly, like membrane permeabilization, most of these pathways play critical roles in regulating cellular survival and death. Recently, the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BOK has been found within MAMs where it plays important roles in their structure and function. This has led to a greater appreciation that multiple BCL-2 family proteins, which are known to participate in numerous functions throughout the cell, also have roles within MAMs. In this review, we evaluate several MAM subsets, their role in cellular homeostasis, and the contribution of BCL-2 family members to their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Means
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Hagino T, Nakano H, Saeki H, Kanda N. A Case of Darier's Disease with a Novel Missense Mutation in ATP2A2 Successfully Treated with Calcipotriol/Betamethasone Dipropionate Two-Compound Ointment. CLINICAL, COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY 2022; 15:367-372. [PMID: 35283639 PMCID: PMC8906820 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s354694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Darier’s disease (DD) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene, which encodes for the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase type 2 isoform (SERCA2). In epidermal keratinocytes, the decrease in SERCA2 inhibits the transportation of desmosomal proteins to the plasma membrane, resulting in acantholysis and dyskeratosis. We present the first case of DD with a novel missense mutation in the ATP2A2 gene and successfully treated with calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate two-compound ointment. A 34-year-old Japanese woman presented with erythema and scales on the scalp and clusters of keratotic papules on the neck and groin. Similar symptoms were observed in her father, younger sister, and daughter. Histopathological examination revealed corps ronds in the granular layer and grains in the horny layer of the epidermis and acantholytic lacuna just above the basal layer. She was diagnosed with DD. A novel heterozygous missense mutation, c.616A>C (p.Asn206His), was detected in the ATP2A2 gene in both the patient and her daughter. The patient was treated with calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate two-compound ointment, which resulted in improvement of the skin eruption. This two-compound topical ointment may be a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment for DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Hagino
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | - Hajime Nakano
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Ceramides are a class of sphingolipid that is the backbone structure for all sphingolipids, such as glycosphingolipids and phosphosphingolipids. While being a minor constituent of cellular membranes, ceramides are the major lipid component (along with cholesterol, free fatty acid, and other minor components) of the intercellular spaces of stratum corneum that forms the epidermal permeability barrier. These stratum corneum ceramides consist of unique heterogenous molecular species that have only been identified in terrestrial mammals. Alterations of ceramide molecular profiles are characterized in skin diseases associated with compromised permeability barrier functions, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and xerosis. In addition, hereditary abnormalities of some ichthyoses are associated with an epidermal unique ceramide species, omega-O-acylceramide. Ceramides also serve as lipid modulators to regulate cellular functions, including cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis, and it has been demonstrated that changes in ceramide metabolism also cause certain diseases. In addition, ceramide metabolites, sphingoid bases, sphingoid base-1-phosphate and ceramide-1-phosphate are also lipid mediators that regulate cellular functions. In this review article, we describe diverse physiological and pathological roles of ceramides and their metabolites in epidermal permeability barrier function, epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity, and cutaneous diseases. Finally, we summarize the utilization of ceramides as therapy to treat cutaneous disease.
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11
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Campione E, Cosio T, Di Prete M, Lanna C, Dattola A, Bianchi L. Experimental Pharmacological Management of Psoriasis. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:725-737. [PMID: 34345187 PMCID: PMC8323855 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s265632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated systemic disease. Its pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood yet. Genetic and epigenetic factors interact with molecular pathways involving TNF-α, IL-23/IL-17 axis, and peculiar cytokines, as IL-36 or phosphodiesterase 4. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the development of the disease, as well as the therapeutic options proposed following the investigation of the inflammatory psoriatic pathways. We performed a comprehensive search using the words “psoriasis” and the newest molecules currently under investigation and approval. From these data, a new scenario in psoriasis is occurring to personalize the therapies - especially systemic ones and those using small molecules – and avoid topical and injectable drugs. We reported the newest therapeutic opportunities, including the inhibitors of Janus kinase/tyrosine kinase 2, phosphodiesterase-4 and IL-36 receptor. Today, more than 20 molecules are under investigation for the treatment of cutaneous psoriasis. Most of them are constituted by small molecules or biologic therapies. This underlines how psoriasis needs systemic therapies, due to its complex pathogenesis and multisystemic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campione
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Terenzio Cosio
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Monia Di Prete
- Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Caterina Lanna
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Annunziata Dattola
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
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12
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Tokuyama M, Mabuchi T. New Treatment Addressing the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207488. [PMID: 33050592 PMCID: PMC7589905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune cell-mediated inflammatory skin disease. The interleukin (IL)23/IL17 axis plays an important role in the development of psoriasis. The effectiveness of biologic treatments such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol), IL23 inhibitors (ustekinumab, guselkumab, tildrakizumab, risankizumab), and IL17 inhibitors (secukinumab, ixekizumab, brodalumab) have verified these findings. Immune-related cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, in addition to Toll-like receptors and cytokines such as interferon (IFN)α, TNFα, IFNɤ, IL12, IL22, IL23, and IL17, are related to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Here, we first review new insights regarding the pathogenesis of psoriasis, as it relates to DCs, Langerhans cells, macrophages, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor in cutaneous vascular endothelial cells. Based on these findings, we summarize currently available oral treatments and biologics. Furthermore, we describe a new treatment option including Janus kinase inhibitor, tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor, modulator of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1, and Rho-associated kinase 2 inhibitor.
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13
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Bocheńska K, Gabig-Cimińska M. Unbalanced Sphingolipid Metabolism and Its Implications for the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Molecules 2020; 25:E1130. [PMID: 32138315 PMCID: PMC7179243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs), which have structural and biological responsibilities in the human epidermis, are importantly involved in the maintenance of the skin barrier and regulate cellular processes, such as the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of keratinocytes (KCs). As many dermatologic diseases, including psoriasis (PsO), intricately characterized by perturbations in these cellular processes, are associated with altered composition and unbalanced metabolism of epidermal SLs, more education to precisely determine the role of SLs, especially in the pathogenesis of skin disorders, is needed. PsO is caused by a complex interplay between skin barrier disruption, immune dysregulation, host genetics and environmental triggers. The contribution of particular cellular compartments and organelles in SL metabolism, a process related to dysfunction of lysosomes in PsO, seems to have a significant impact on lysosomal signalling linked to a modulation of the immune-mediated inflammation accompanying this dermatosis and is not fully understood. It is also worth noting that a prominent skin disorder, such as PsO, has diminished levels of the main epidermal SL ceramide (Cer), reflecting altered SL metabolism, that may contribute not only to pathogenesis but also to disease severity and/or progression. This review provides a brief synopsis of the implications of SLs in PsO, aims to elucidate the roles of these molecules in complex cellular processes deregulated in diseased skin tissue and highlights the need for increased research in the field. The significance of SLs as structural and signalling molecules and their actions in inflammation, in which these components are factors responsible for vascular endothelium abnormalities in the development of PsO, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bocheńska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80–308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80–308 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kładki 24, 80–822 Gdańsk, Poland
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14
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Kelly RS, Chawes BL, Guo F, Zhang L, Blighe K, Litonjua AA, Raby BA, Levy BD, Rago D, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Zhou X, Lasky-Su JA, Weiss ST. The role of the 17q21 genotype in the prevention of early childhood asthma and recurrent wheeze by vitamin D. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00761-2019. [PMID: 31439681 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00761-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests vitamin D has preventive potential in asthma; however, not all children benefit from this intervention. This study aimed to investigate whether variation in the functional 17q21 single nucleotide polymorphism rs12936231 affects the preventive potential of vitamin D against asthma.A combined secondary analysis of two randomised controlled trials of prenatal vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of asthma in offspring (Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART) and Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010)) was performed, stratifying by genotype and integrating metabolite data to explore underlying mechanisms.The protective effect of vitamin D on asthma/wheeze was evident among children with the low-risk rs12936231 GG genotype (hazard ratio (HR) 0.49, 95% CI 0.26-0.94, p=0.032) but not the high-risk CC genotype (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.69-1.69, p=0.751). In VDAART, in the GG genotype vitamin D supplementation was associated with increased plasma levels of sphingolipids, including sphingosine-1-phosphate (β 0.022, 95% CI 0.001-0.044, p=0.038), but this was not evident with the CC genotype, known to be associated with increased expression of ORMDL3 in bronchial epithelial cells. Sphingolipid levels were associated with decreased risk of asthma/wheeze, and there was evidence of interactions between sphingolipid levels, vitamin D and genotype (p-interactionvitaminD*genotype*sphingosine-1-phosphate=0.035). In a cellular model, there was a significant difference in the induction of sphingosine-1-phosphate by vitamin D between a control human bronchial epithelial cell line and a cell line overexpressing ORMDL3 (p=0.002).Results suggest prenatal vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of early childhood asthma/wheeze via alterations of sphingolipid metabolism dependent on the 17q21 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Co-first authors
| | - Bo L Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Co-first authors
| | - Feng Guo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Dept of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Kevin Blighe
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Pulmonary Division, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Rago
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Co-senior authors
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Co-senior authors
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15
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Syed SN, Raue R, Weigert A, von Knethen A, Brüne B. Macrophage S1PR1 Signaling Alters Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis During Skin Inflammation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080785. [PMID: 31357710 PMCID: PMC6721555 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), along with its receptors, modulates lymphocyte trafficking and immune responses to regulate skin inflammation. Macrophages are important in the pathogenesis of psoriasiform skin inflammation and express various S1P receptors. How they respond to S1P in skin inflammation remains unknown. We show that myeloid specific S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) deletion enhances early inflammation in a mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis, without altering the immune cell infiltrate. Mechanistically, myeloid S1PR1 deletion altered the formation of IL-1β, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C, and their receptors’ expression in psoriatic skin, which subsequently lead to reciprocal regulation of neoangiogenesis and neolymphangiogenesis. Experimental findings were corroborated in human clinical datasets and in knockout macrophages in vitro. Increased blood vessel but reduced lymph vessel density may explain the exacerbated inflammatory phenotype in conditional knockout mice. These findings assign a novel role to macrophage S1PR1 and provide a rationale for therapeutically targeting local S1P during skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Nawaz Syed
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rebecca Raue
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas von Knethen
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
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16
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Nakazawa M, Maeda S, Yokoyama N, Nakagawa T, Yonezawa T, Ohno K, Matsuki N. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates the production of intestinal IgA and its potential role in the pathogenesis of canine inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1249-1258. [PMID: 31341112 PMCID: PMC6785611 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common gastrointestinal disease in dogs. Decreased production of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been suggested as a possible pathogenesis in a
subset of canine IBD; however, the underlying cause remains unclear. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that regulates intestinal IgA production by controlling lymphocyte
trafficking in mice. The objectives of this study were to clarify the role of S1P in IgA production in dogs and to evaluate the expression of S1P-related molecules in dogs with IBD. First,
an S1P receptor antagonist was administrated to five healthy dogs. The S1P receptor antagonist significantly decreased the IgA concentration in sera and feces but did not affect the IgG
concentration. Moreover, the immunoreactivity of intestinal IgA was significantly decreased by S1P signal blockade. These results indicate that S1P signaling specifically regulates the
intestinal IgA production in dogs. Subsequently, the intestinal S1P concentration and the expression of S1P-related molecules were measured in dogs with IBD and healthy dogs. The intestinal
concentration of S1P was significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. In addition, the gene expression levels of S1P receptor (S1P1) and S1P synthase
(SK1) were significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. Taken together, these observations suggest that decreased S1P production, likely caused by a lower
expression of S1P synthetase, leads to attenuation of S1P/S1P1 signaling pathway and the production of intestinal IgA in dogs with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Nakazawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakagawa
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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17
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Patyna S, Büttner S, Eckes T, Obermüller N, Bartel C, Braner A, Trautmann S, Thomas D, Geiger H, Pfeilschifter J, Koch A. Blood ceramides as novel markers for renal impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106348. [PMID: 31301404 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common organ manifestation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and associated with a poor prognosis. Still, a noninvasive but reliable method to diagnose LN has not been established. Thus, we evaluated whether blood sphingolipids could serve as valid biomarkers for renal injury. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 82 participants were divided into three groups: 36 healthy controls and 17 SLE patients without renal injury (both: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 80 ml/min/1.73 m2 and albumin/creatinine ≤ 30 mg/g) and 29 LN patients. LN patients were identified by renal biopsies and impaired renal function (eGFR < 80 ml/min/1.73 m2 and albumin/creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g). Venous blood was collected from all participants and sphingolipid levels in plasma and serum were measured by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Most interesting, concentrations of some specific ceramides, C16ceramide (Cer), C18Cer, C20Cer and C24:1Cer, were elevated in both, plasma and serum samples of patients suffering from biopsy-proven LN and impaired renal function, compared to healthy controls as well as SLE patients without renal injury. C24:1dhCer levels were elevated in plasma and serum samples from LN patients compared to SLE patients. Sphingosine levels were higher in plasma and serum of LN patients compared to healthy controls, but not compared to SLE patients. Sphinganine concentrations were significantly elevated in serum samples from LN patients compared to healthy controls and SLE. S1P and SA1P levels were higher in plasma samples of SLE and LN patients compared to healthy controls. Subsequent ROC analyses of plasma and serum data of the most altered ceramide species (C16Cer, C18Cer, C20Cer, C24:1Cer) between LN patients and SLE patients display a high diagnostic differentiation with significant AUCs especially for C24:1Cer serum levels. Further, C24:1Cer serum levels were not affected by glucocorticoid treatment and did not correlate with other renal markers, such as serum creatinine, eGFR and albumin/creatinine ratio. CONCLUSION Our data reveal that chain-length specific ceramides in blood, most likely C24:1Cer levels in serum, could act as potent biomarkers for renal impairment in patients suffering from SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Patyna
- Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Büttner
- Department of Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timon Eckes
- Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas Obermüller
- Department of Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Bartel
- Department of Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Braner
- Department of Rheumatology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Helmut Geiger
- Department of Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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18
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Nejatian N, Trautmann S, Thomas D, Pfeilschifter J, Badenhoop K, Koch A, Penna-Martinez M. Vitamin D effects on sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling and metabolism in monocytes from type 2 diabetes patients and controls. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:130-135. [PMID: 30336275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated sphingosine 1-phopshate (S1P) concentration was observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). On the other side, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) can influence the formation of sphingosine 1-phopshate (S1P) and the expression of S1P receptors, which are known to be involved in T2D. In order to evaluate mechanisms for the antiinflammatory potential of 1,25(OH)2D3, we investigated whether 1,25(OH)2D3 alters S1P signaling and metabolism in human CD14+ monocytes. Primary monocytes isolated from healthy controls (HC) and T2D patients were treated for 24 h with 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 in the absence or presence of 500 IU/ml interleukin-(IL)-1β. Thereafter, sphingosine kinase (SPHK)1, SPHK2 and S1P receptor 1-5 (S1P1-5) mRNA expression levels were measured by TaqMan™ analyses. Sphingolipid levels in cell supernatant were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment downregulated S1P1 and S1P2 mRNA expression compared to untreated monocytes of HC and T2D patients. In contrast, SPHK1, S1P3 and S1P4 mRNA expression levels were upregulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment compared to the respective controls. Furthermore, reduced S1P2 and increased S1P3 and S1P4 mRNA expression levels upon treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 occurred in the presence of IL-1β. Additionally, S1P levels in cell supernatants were decreased in monocytes from HC and T2D patients by 1,25(OH)2D3 with or without IL-1β costimulation. The levels of sphingosine in cell supernatants were not influenced by 1,25(OH)2D3. Overall, our results demonstrate for the first time that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment can influence S1P receptor and SPHK expression and S1P levels in primary monocytes of both HC and subjects with T2D. These findings justify further investigations into the sphingolipid metabolism and potential benefits of vitamin D treatment in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nojan Nejatian
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Badenhoop
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marissa Penna-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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19
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Umar M, Sastry KS, Al Ali F, Al-Khulaifi M, Wang E, Chouchane AI. Vitamin D and the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 31:74-86. [DOI: 10.1159/000485132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Ji M, Xue N, Lai F, Zhang X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Jin J, Chen X. Validating a Selective S1P 1 Receptor Modulator Syl930 for Psoriasis Treatment. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:592-596. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Nina Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Fangfang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Sen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
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21
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Noordam R, Hamer MA, Pardo LM, van der Nat T, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Kayser M, Slagboom PE, Uitterlinden A, Zillikens MC, Beekman M, Nijsten T, van Heemst D, Gunn DA. No Causal Association between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Features of Skin Aging: Evidence from a Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2291-2297. [PMID: 28760659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Data from in vitro experiments suggest that vitamin D reduces the rate of skin aging, whereas population studies suggest the opposite, most likely due to confounding by UV exposure. We investigated whether there are causal associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and features of skin aging in a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. In the Rotterdam Study (N = 3,831; 58.2% women, median age 66.5 years) and Leiden Longevity Study (N = 661; 50.5% women, median age 63.1 years), facial skin aging features (perceived age, wrinkling, pigmented spots) were assessed either manually or digitally. Associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and skin aging features were tested by multivariable linear regression. Mendelian randomization analyses were performed using single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from previous genome-wide association studies. After meta-analysis of the two cohorts, we observed that higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was associated with a higher perceived age (P-value = 3.6 × 10-7), more skin wrinkling (P-value = 2.6 × 10-16), but not with more pigmented spots (P-value = 0.30). In contrast, a genetically determined 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was not associated with any skin aging feature (P-values > 0.05). Furthermore, a genetically determined higher degree of pigmented spots was not associated with higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P-values > 0.05). Our study did not indicate that associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and features of skin aging are causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Merel A Hamer
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luba M Pardo
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tamara van der Nat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden University College, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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22
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Garcia‐Gil M, Pierucci F, Vestri A, Meacci E. Crosstalk between sphingolipids and vitamin D3: potential role in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:605-627. [PMID: 28127747 PMCID: PMC6398521 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are both structural and bioactive compounds. In particular, ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate regulate cell fate, inflammation and excitability. 1-α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ) is known to play an important physiological role in growth and differentiation in a variety of cell types, including neural cells, through genomic actions mediated by its specific receptor, and non-genomic effects that result in the activation of specific signalling pathways. 1,25(OH)2 D3 and sphingolipids, in particular sphingosine 1-phosphate, share many common effectors, including calcium regulation, growth factors and inflammatory cytokines, but it is still not known whether they can act synergistically. Alterations in the signalling and concentrations of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 have been found in neurodegenerative diseases and fingolimod, a structural analogue of sphingosine, has been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This review, after a brief description of the role of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 , will focus on the potential crosstalk between sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 in neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia‐Gil
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ‘Nutraceuticals and Food for Health’University of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, Molecular and Applied Biology Research UnitUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- Interuniversitary Miology InstitutesItaly
| | - Ambra Vestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, Molecular and Applied Biology Research UnitUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- Interuniversitary Miology InstitutesItaly
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, Molecular and Applied Biology Research UnitUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- Interuniversitary Miology InstitutesItaly
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23
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Sobeih S, Mashaly HM, Gawdat H, Amr K, Hamid MFA, Shaalan E. Evaluation of the correlation between serum levels of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in an Egyptian population. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:1329-1335. [PMID: 27420410 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an autoimmune depigmentation disorder. Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been found to be associated with vitiligo. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the potential association between VDR gene polymorphisms (ApaI, TaqI, and FokI) and vitiligo susceptibility, and to detect if there is correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and vitiligo and between VDR gene polymorphisms and 25(OH)D levels in vitiligo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five patients with vitiligo and 75 age and sex-matched controls were subjected to detailed history taking and dermatological examination to determine the extent and clinical type of vitiligo. A blood sample (5 ml) was retrieved to investigate VDR gene polymorphisms and serum 25(OH)D level. RESULTS Our results showed that the serum level of vitamin D is statistically significantly lower in patients than controls. The frequency of the ApaI variant a allele, the variant genotype (aa), and the variant genotype (tt) were significantly higher among the vitiligo cases than among controls. Our study also showed that the serum 25(OH)D levels were not significantly different among the different ApaI, TaqI, and FokI genotypes. CONCLUSION The present study showed that serum level of 25(OH)D is statistically significantly lower in patients than controls, so screening for vitamin D deficiency seems of value in patients with vitiligo for the possibility of vitamin D supplementation. We also report that VDR gene polymorphisms may be a risk for the development of vitiligo in an Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Sobeih
- Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Mashaly
- Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba Gawdat
- Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalda Amr
- Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Shaalan
- Dermatology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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CHA HWAJUN, HE CONGFEN, ZHAO HUA, DONG YINMAO, AN INSOOK, AN SUNGKWAN. Intercellular and intracellular functions of ceramides and their metabolites in skin (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:16-22. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Biegelmeyer R, Schröder R, Rambo DF, Dresch RR, Carraro JLF, Mothes B, Moreira JCF, da Frota Junior MLC, Henriques AT. Sphingosines Derived from Marine Sponge as Potential Multi-Target Drug Related to Disorders in Cancer Development. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5552-63. [PMID: 26308014 PMCID: PMC4584339 DOI: 10.3390/md13095552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haliclona tubifera, marine sponge species abundant in Brazilian coastline, presents only a few papers published in the literature. Recently, we have reported the isolation of two modified C18 sphingoid bases: (2R,3R,6R,7Z)-2-aminooctadec-7-ene-1,3,6-triol and and (2R,3R,6R)-2-aminooctadec-1,3,6-triol. In order to continue our research, in this work aimed at the biological investigation of fractions that led to the isolation of these compounds. We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of marine sponge H. tubifera fractions in glioma (U87) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) human cell lines. In addition, considering the link between cancer, imbalance of reactive oxygen species and coagulation disorders, we also investigated the in vitro effects on blood coagulation and their redox properties. We showed that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction, rich in sphingoid bases, had important cytotoxic effects in both cancer cell lines with an IC50 < 15 μg/mL and also can inhibit the production of peroxyl radicals. Interestingly, this fraction increased the recalcification time of human blood, showing anticoagulant properties. The present study indicates the sphingosines fraction as a promising source of chemical prototypes, especially multifunctional drugs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Biegelmeyer
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.F.R.); (R.R.D.); (A.T.H.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (R.B.); (M.L.C.F.J.); Tel.: +55-51-3308-5258 (R.B.); +55-51-3308-5577 (M.L.C.F.J.); Fax: +55-51-3308-5437 (R.B.)
| | - Rafael Schröder
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Dpto. Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.S.); (J.C.F.M.)
| | - Douglas F. Rambo
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.F.R.); (R.R.D.); (A.T.H.)
| | - Roger R. Dresch
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.F.R.); (R.R.D.); (A.T.H.)
| | - João L. F. Carraro
- Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940-040, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Beatriz Mothes
- Fundação Zoobotânica, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Porto Alegre, RS 90690-000, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - José Cláudio F. Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Dpto. Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.S.); (J.C.F.M.)
| | - Mário L. C. da Frota Junior
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Dpto. Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.S.); (J.C.F.M.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (R.B.); (M.L.C.F.J.); Tel.: +55-51-3308-5258 (R.B.); +55-51-3308-5577 (M.L.C.F.J.); Fax: +55-51-3308-5437 (R.B.)
| | - Amélia T. Henriques
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.F.R.); (R.R.D.); (A.T.H.)
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Trémezaygues L, Reichrath J. Vitamin D analogs in the treatment of psoriasis. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/derm.17534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate as signaling molecule in the skin: Relevance in atopic dermatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 23:54-59. [PMID: 26120515 PMCID: PMC4479432 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-014-0008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential molecules of the mammalian epidermis. Keratinocytes generate and secrete huge amounts of ceramide-precursors to the extracellular domain of the stratum corneum, where they are further metabolized to specific ceramide species. The arrangement of ceramides to well-organized lipid lamellae is essential to form the epidermal barrier. Besides their role as structural components sphingolipids are also critical molecules involved in the modulation of epidermal cells. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been identified as a prominent signaling molecule which regulates fundamental functions of keratinocytes and skin dendritic cells. Thus, S1P inhibits proliferation of keratinocytes and induces their differentiation. Moreover, antigen uptake, migration and cytokine production of dendritic cells are under the control of this sphingolipid. A dysregulation of the sphingolipid metabolism has been discussed in inflammatory skin disorders like atopic dermatitis. Animal models of contact dermatitis provide evidence that topical treatment with S1P is connected with an anti-inflammatory action suggesting a novel approach for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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Sphingosin-1-Phosphat als Signalmolekül der Haut. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-014-0516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Coupling the activities of bone formation and resorption: a multitude of signals within the basic multicellular unit. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:481. [PMID: 24466412 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coupling between bone formation and bone resorption refers to the process within basic multicellular units in which resorption by osteoclasts is met by the generation of osteoblasts from precursors, and their bone-forming activity, which needs to be sufficient to replace the bone lost. There are many sources of activities that contribute to coupling at remodeling sites, including growth factors released from the matrix, soluble and membrane products of osteoclasts and their precursors, signals from osteocytes and from immune cells and signaling taking place within the osteoblast lineage. Coupling is therefore a process that involves the interaction of a wide range of cell types and control mechanisms. As bone remodeling occurs at many sites asynchronously throughout the skeleton, locally generated activities comprise very important control mechanisms. In this review, we explore the potential roles of a number of these factors, including sphingosine-1-phosphate, semaphorins, ephrins, interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokines and marrow-derived factors. Their interactions achieve the essential tight control of coupling within individual remodeling units that is required for control of skeletal mass.
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Uchida Y. Ceramide signaling in mammalian epidermis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:453-62. [PMID: 24055887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide, the backbone structure of all sphingolipids, as well as a minor component of cellular membranes, has a unique role in the skin, by forming the epidermal permeability barrier at the extracellular domains of the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, which is required for terrestrial mammalian survival. In contrast to the role of ceramide in forming the permeability barrier, the signaling roles of ceramide and its metabolites have not yet been recognized. Ceramide and/or its metabolites regulate proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in epidermal keratinocytes. Recent studies have further demonstrated that a ceramide metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate, modulates innate immune function. Ceramide has already been applied to therapeutic approaches for treatment of eczema associated with attenuated epidermal permeability barrier function. Pharmacological modulation of ceramide and its metabolites' signaling can also be applied to cutaneous disease prevention and therapy. The author here describes the signaling roles of ceramide and its metabolites in mammalian cells and tissues, including the epidermis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The Important Role of Lipids in the Epidermis and their Role in the Formation and Maintenance of the Cutaneous Barrier. Guest Editors: Kenneth R. Feingold and Peter Elias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Dermatology Service and Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Romero MDSC, Pliego-Rivero FB, Altamirano BM, Otero GA. Effect of postlactation iron deficiency on the composition of fatty acids of whole brain myelin. Nutr Neurosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/147683010x12611460764606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Schaper K, Dickhaut J, Japtok L, Kietzmann M, Mischke R, Kleuser B, Bäumer W. Sphingosine-1-phosphate exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects in mouse models of psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:29-36. [PMID: 23643308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been indicated that the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) restrains the ability of dendritic cells to migrate to lymph nodes. Furthermore S1P has been demonstrated to inhibit cell growth in human keratinocytes. However, only little is known about the effect of S1P in hyperproliferative and inflammatory in vivo models. OBJECTIVE In this study, locally acting S1P was explored in different experimental mouse models of psoriasis vulgaris. METHODS S1P and FTY720 were tested in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, the mouse tail assay and a pilot study of the severe combined immunodeficiency mice (SCID). RESULTS In the imiquimod model the positive control diflorasone diacetate and S1P, but not FTY720 reduced the imiquimod-induced epidermal hyperproliferation of the ear skin. This effect was confirmed in the SCID model, where S1P treated skin from patients suffering from psoriasis showed a decrease in epidermal thickness compared to vehicle. In the imiquimod model, there was also significant inhibition of ear swelling and a moderate reduction of inflammatory cell influx and oedema formation in ear skin by S1P treatment. The inflammatory response on the back skin was, however, only reduced by diflorasone diacetate. In the mouse tail assay, the influence of S1P and FTY720 in stratum granulosum formation was tested compared to the positive control calcipotriol. Whereas topical administration of calcipotriol led to a low but significant increase of stratum granulosum, S1P and FTY720 lacked such an effect. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results imply that topical administration of S1P might be a new option for the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schaper
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Moriue T, Igarashi J, Yoneda K, Hashimoto T, Nakai K, Kosaka H, Kubota Y. Sphingosine 1-phosphate attenuates peroxide-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells culturedin vitro. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:638-45. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Moriue
- Departments of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawal; Japan
| | - J. Igarashi
- Cardiovascular Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa; Japan
| | - K. Yoneda
- Departments of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawal; Japan
| | - T. Hashimoto
- Cardiovascular Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa; Japan
| | - K. Nakai
- Cardiovascular Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa; Japan
| | - H. Kosaka
- Cardiovascular Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa; Japan
| | - Y. Kubota
- Departments of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawal; Japan
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Reichrath J. Unravelling of hidden secrets: The role of vitamin D in skin aging. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 4:241-4. [PMID: 23467804 PMCID: PMC3583884 DOI: 10.4161/derm.21312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the only tissue in the human body that represents both a target tissue for biologically active vitamin D compounds including 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and has the capacity for the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D from 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Recent findings indicate that the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES), besides multiple other important functions, regulates aging in many tissues, including skin. This concept is strongly supported by several independent studies in genetically modified mice (including FGF23(-/-) and Klotho(-/-) mice) that are characterized by altered mineral homeostasis caused by a high vitamin D activity. These mice typically have phenotypic features of premature aging that include, besides short lifespan, retarded growth, ectopic calcification, immunological deficiency, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, hypogonadism, skin and general organ atrophy. Notably, it has been demonstrated that these phenotypic features can be reversed by normalizing mineral homeostasis and/or vitamin D status. Interestingly, the aging phenotypes of mice suffering from hypovitaminosis D (VDR(-/-) and CYP27B1(-/-) mice) are quite similar to those suffering from hypervitaminosis D (including FGF-23(-/-) and Klotho(-/-) mice). Consequently, it has been hypothesized that thus, both hypo- and hypervitaminosis D may enhance aging. Aging seems to show a U-shaped response curve to vitamin D status, and, therefore normovitaminosis D seems to be important for preventing premature aging. Additionally, laboratory investigations have now convincingly shown that vitamin D compounds protect the skin against the hazardous effects of various skin aging-inducing agents, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In conclusion, these findings support the concept that UV-radiation exerts both skin aging -promoting and -inhibiting effects, the latter via induction of cutaneous vitamin D synthesis. Future studies will clarify the effect of vitamin D compounds on expression and function of potential key regulators of skin aging, such as TAp63 or the IGF-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the efficacy of topically applied vitamin D compounds in the prevention of skin aging has to be evaluated in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Reichrath
- Klinik für Dermatologie; Venerologie und Allergologie; Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes; Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Vitamin D and death by sunshine. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1964-77. [PMID: 23334476 PMCID: PMC3565359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to sunlight is the major cause of skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun causes damage to DNA by direct absorption and can cause skin cell death. UV also causes production of reactive oxygen species that may interact with DNA to indirectly cause oxidative DNA damage. UV increases accumulation of p53 in skin cells, which upregulates repair genes but promotes death of irreparably damaged cells. A benefit of sunlight is vitamin D, which is formed following exposure of 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin cells to UV. The relatively inert vitamin D is metabolized to various biologically active compounds, including 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Therapeutic use of vitamin D compounds has proven beneficial in several cancer types, but more recently these compounds have been shown to prevent UV-induced cell death and DNA damage in human skin cells. Here, we discuss the effects of vitamin D compounds in skin cells that have been exposed to UV. Specifically, we examine the various signaling pathways involved in the vitamin D-induced protection of skin cells from UV.
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Tongkao-on W, Gordon-Thomson C, Dixon KM, Song EJ, Luu T, Carter SE, Sequeira VB, Reeve VE, Mason RS. Novel vitamin D compounds and skin cancer prevention. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 5:20-33. [PMID: 24494039 PMCID: PMC3897591 DOI: 10.4161/derm.23939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As skin cancer is one of the most costly health issues in many countries, particularly in Australia, the possibility that vitamin D compounds might contribute to prevention of this disease is becoming increasingly more attractive to researchers and health communities. In this article, important epidemiologic, mechanistic and experimental data supporting the chemopreventive potential of several vitamin D-related compounds are explored. Evidence of photoprotection by the active hormone, 1α,25dihydroxyvitamin D3, as well as a derivative of an over-irradiation product, lumisterol, a fluorinated analog and bufalin, a potential vitamin D-like compound, are provided. The aim of this article is to understand how vitamin D compounds contribute to UV adaptation and potentially, skin cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannit Tongkao-on
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Clare Gordon-Thomson
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Katie M. Dixon
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Eric J. Song
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Tan Luu
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Sally E. Carter
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Vanessa B. Sequeira
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
- Oncology Research Unit; School of Medical Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Kensington, NSW Australia
| | - Vivienne E. Reeve
- Department of Faculty of Veterinary Science; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Rebecca S. Mason
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
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Al-Daghri NM, Al-Attas OS, Alokail MS, Alkharfy KM, Al-Othman A, Draz HM, Yakout SM, Al-Saleh Y, Al-Yousef M, Sabico S, Clerici M, Chrousos GP. Hypovitaminosis D associations with adverse metabolic parameters are accentuated in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a body mass index-independent role of adiponectin? J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:1-6. [PMID: 22183134 DOI: 10.3275/8183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with an increased prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) and metabolic syndrome manifestations. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH-VitD) levels and indices of insulin resistance (IR), including adipocytokines, in a Saudi population with or without DMT2. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 266 subjects (153 DMT2 and 113 healthy controls) aged 26-80 yr were randomly selected from the existing Biomarkers Screening in Riyadh Program (RIYADH Cohort). Subjects were assessed clinically, anthropometry was performed, morning blood chemistries, including fasting glucose (FG), triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL cholesterol were obtained. Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was calculated, and serum 25-OH-VitD, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, insulin, high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), and tumor necrosis factor α concentrations were measured using specific assays. RESULTS In DMT2 subjects, negative correlations between 25-OH-vitD and body mass index (BMI), FG, insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, LDL-C, and hsCRP were observed, while a positive correlation between 25-OH-VitD and adiponectin was detected. The later remained significant after controlling for BMI. Interestingly, only weak and nonsignificant associations between 25-OH-VitD and metabolic parameters were observed in the control group, whereas, when the entire population was examined, negative correlations were evident primarily between 25-OH-VitD and FG, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-C. These associations remained significant after controlling for BMI. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that hypovitaminosis D associations with metabolic disturbances are accentuated in DMT2. The BMIindependent positive correlation between 25-OH-VitD and adiponectin suggests a potential role for this adipocytokine as a link between 25-OH-VitD and IR in patients with DMT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Al-Daghri
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA.
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Abstract
Mammalian skin protects our body against external assaults due to a well-organized skin barrier. The formation of the skin barrier is a complex process, in which basal keratinocytes lose their mitotic activity and differentiate to corneocytes. These corneocytes are embedded in intercellular lipid lamellae composed of ceramides, cholesterol, fatty acids, and cholesterol esters. Ceramides are the dominant lipid molecules and their reduction is connected with a transepidermal water loss and an epidermal barrier dysfunction resulting in inflammatory skin diseases. Moreover, bioactive sphingolipid metabolites like ceramide-1-phosphate, sphingosylphosphorylcholine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate are also involved in the biological modulation of keratinocytes and immune cells of the skin. Therefore, it is not astonishing that a dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism has been identified in inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris. This chapter will describe not only the specific sphingolipid species and their skin functions but also the dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany.
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate protects primary human keratinocytes from apoptosis via nitric oxide formation through the receptor subtype S1P₃. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 371:165-76. [PMID: 22899173 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has been identified to induce cell growth arrest of human keratinocytes, the sphingolipid effectively protects these epidermal cells from apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of the anti-apoptotic action induced by S1P is less characterized. Apart from S1P, endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO•) has been recognized as a potent modulator of apoptosis in keratinocytes. Therefore, it was of great interest to elucidate whether S1P protects human keratinocytes via a NO•-dependent signalling pathway. Indeed, S1P induced an activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human keratinocytes leading to an enhanced formation of NO•. Most interestingly, the cell protective effect of S1P was almost completely abolished in the presence of the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME as well as in eNOS-deficient keratinocytes indicating that the sphingolipid metabolite S1P protects human keratinocytes from apoptosis via eNOS activation and subsequent production of protective amounts of NO•. It is well established that most of the known actions of S1P are mediated by a family of five specific G protein-coupled receptors. Therefore, the involvement of S1P-receptor subtypes in S1P-mediated eNOS activation has been examined. Indeed, this study clearly shows that the S1P(3) is the exclusive receptor subtype in human keratinocytes which mediates eNOS activation and NO• formation in response to S1P. In congruence, when the S1P(3) receptor subtype is abrogated, S1P almost completely lost its ability to protect human keratinocytes from apoptosis.
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Kim J, Yun H, Cho Y. Analysis of ceramide metabolites in differentiating epidermal keratinocytes treated with calcium or vitamin C. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:396-403. [PMID: 22125676 PMCID: PMC3221824 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.5.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides (Cer) comprise the major constituent of sphingolipids in the epidermis and are known to play diverse roles in the outermost layers of the skin including water retention and provision of a physical barrier. In addition, they can be hydrolyzed into free sphingoid bases such as C18 sphingosine (SO) and C18 sphinganine (SA) or can be further metabolized to C18 So-1-phosphate (S1P) and C18 Sa-1-phosphate (Sa1P) in keratinocytes. The significance of ceramide metabolites emerged from studies reporting altered levels of SO and SA in skin disorders and the role of S1P and Sa1P as signaling lipids. However, the overall metabolism of sphingoid bases and their phosphates during keratinocyte differentiation remains not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed these Cer metabolites in the process of keratinocyte differentiation. Three distinct keratinocyte differentiation stages were prepared using 0.07 mM calcium (Ca2+) (proliferation stage), 1.2 mM Ca2+ (early differentiation stage) in serum-free medium, or serum-containing medium with vitamin C (50 µL/mL) (late differentiation stage). Serum-containing medium was also used to determine whether vitamin C increases the concentrations of sphingoid bases and their phosphates. The production of sphingoid bases and their phosphates after hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to cells treated with 0.07 mM Ca2+, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were not altered after treatment with 1.2 mM Ca2+. However, in keratinocytes cultured in serum-containing medium with vitamin C, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were dramatically higher than those in 0.07- and 1.2-mM Ca2+-treated cells; however, compared to serum-containing medium alone, vitamin C did not significantly enhance their production. Taken together, we demonstrate that late differentiation induced by vitamin C and serum was accompanied by dramatic increases in the concentration of sphingoid bases and their phosphates, although vitamin C alone had no effect on their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea
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Trémezaygues L, Reichrath J. From the bench to emerging new clinical concepts: Our present understanding of the importance of the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) for skin cancer. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 3:11-7. [PMID: 21519403 DOI: 10.4161/derm.3.1.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well accepted that growth and differentiation of keratinocytes and other cell types are regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], the active form of vitamin D. Moreover, growing evidence now indicates that the UV-B-mediated cutaneous photosynthesis of vitamin D [and the consecutive cutaneous production of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3))] represents an evolutionary highly-conserved endocrine system that protects the skin against environmental hazards that may promote skin cancerogenesis, including ultraviolet and ionizing radiation. It is the aim of this review to summarize our present understanding of the cutaneous vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) and its importance for the prevention of skin cancerogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Trémezaygues
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie; Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Trémezaygues L, Reichrath J. Vitamin D analogs in the treatment of psoriasis: Where are we standing and where will we be going? DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 3:180-6. [PMID: 22110777 DOI: 10.4161/derm.3.3.17534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D and analogs exert in the skin and other tissues potent effects on cellular differentiation and proliferation. Moreover, these compounds regulate apoptosis and exert immunomodulatory effects. During the last decades, it has convincingly been shown that vitamin D compounds are effective and safe in the topical treatment of psoriasis, where they nowadays represent a standard therapy. This review summarizes laboratory and clinical investigations related to the treatment of psoriasis with calcitriol or analogs. Additionally, promising concepts for the development of new vitamin D analogs are discussed. As a matter of fact, the final goal to create strong antiproliferative or antiinflammatory acting vitamin D analogs that exert only minor calcemic activity has not been reached until today. New agents that may activate selective vitamin D signalling pathways but may exert only negligible calcemic activity would declare a new era in dermatologic therapy and may also be effective in the topical or systemic treatment of various inflammatory skin diseases including atopic dermatitis and in various cutaneous malignancies, including lymphomas, squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Trémezaygues
- Department of Dermatology; The Saarland University Hospital; Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Schwanke A, Murruzzu C, Zdrazil B, Zuhse R, Natek M, Höltje M, Korting HC, Reissig HU, Höltje HD, Schäfer-Korting M. Antitumor effects of guanosine-analog phosphonates identified by molecular modelling. Int J Pharm 2010; 397:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Facchinetti MM, Gandini NA, Fermento ME, Sterin-Speziale NB, Ji Y, Patel V, Gutkind JS, Rivadulla MG, Curino AC. The expression of sphingosine kinase-1 in head and neck carcinoma. Cells Tissues Organs 2010; 192:314-24. [PMID: 20606403 DOI: 10.1159/000318173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1) modulates the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of keratinocytes through the regulation of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate levels. However, studies on the expression of SPHK1 in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specimens are lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate SPHK1 expression in human primary HNSCCs and to correlate the results with clinical and anatomopathological parameters. We investigated the expression of this protein by immunohistochemistry performed in tissue microarrays of HNSCC and in an independent cohort of 37 paraffin-embedded specimens. SPHK1 expression was further validated by real-time PCR performed on laser capture-microdissected tissue samples. The positive rate of SPHK1 protein in the cancerous tissues was significantly higher (74%) than that in the nontumor oral tissues (23%), and malignant tissues showed stronger immunoreactivity for SPHK1 than normal matching samples. These results were confirmed by real-time PCR quantification of SPHK1 mRNA. Interestingly, the positive expression of SPHK1 was associated with shorter patient survival time (Kaplan-Meier survival curves) and with the loss of p21 expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SPHK1 is upregulated in HNSCC and provide clues of the role SPHK1 might play in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Facchinetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahía Blanca, INIBIBB-CONICET, Argentina
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Mason RS, Sequeira VB, Dixon KM, Gordon-Thomson C, Pobre K, Dilley A, Mizwicki MT, Norman AW, Feldman D, Halliday GM, Reeve VE. Photoprotection by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and analogs: further studies on mechanisms and implications for UV-damage. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:164-8. [PMID: 20399269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes DNA damage in skin cells, immunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) reduces UV-induced DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in human keratinocytes in culture and in mouse and human skin. UV-induced immunosuppression is also reduced in mice by 1,25D, in part due to the reduction in CPD and a reduction in interleukin (IL-6. The cis-locked analog, 1alpha,25-dihydroxylumisterol3 (JN), which has almost no transactivating activity, reduces UV-induced DNA damage, apoptosis and immunosuppression with similar potency to 1,25D, consistent with a non-genomic signalling mechanism. The mechanism of the reduction in DNA damage in the form of CPD is unclear. 1,25D doubles nuclear expression of p53 compared to UV alone, which suggests that 1,25D facilitates DNA repair. Yet expression of a key DNA repair gene, XPG is not affected by 1,25D. Chemical production of CPD has been described. Incubation of keratinocytes with a nitric oxide donor, SNP, induces CPD in the dark. We previously reported that 1,25D reduced UV-induced nitrite in keratinocytes, similar to aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. A reduction in reactive nitrogen species has been shown to facilitate DNA repair, but in view of these findings may also reduce CPD formation via a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Mason
- Department of Physiology, Bosch Institute, Anderson Stuart Bldg F13, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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A hypothesis concerning a potential involvement of ceramide in apoptosis and acantholysis induced by pemphigus autoantibodies. Dermatol Res Pract 2010; 2010:702409. [PMID: 20585604 PMCID: PMC2879861 DOI: 10.1155/2010/702409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect more than 50 million Americans, resulting in significant healthcare costs. Most autoimmune diseases occur sporadically; however, endemic pemphigus foliaceus (EPF) is an autoimmune skin disease localized to specific geographic loci. EPF, and the related diseases pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF), are characterized by skin lesions and autoantibodies to molecules found on epidermal keratinocytes. A variant of EPF in patients from El Bagre, Colombia, South America, has recently been reported to be distinct from previously described loci in Brazil and Tunisia epidemiologically and immunologically. As in PF and EPF, El Bagre EPF patients exhibit autoantibodies towards desmoglein-1, a cell adhesion molecule critical for maintaining epidermal integrity. An association of El Bagre EPF with sun exposure has been detected, and ultraviolet irradiation also exacerbates symptoms in PV, PF and EPF. Our hypothesis is that: (1) the autoantibodies generate pathology through an alteration in ceramide metabolism in targeted keratinocytes, resulting in apoptosis and/or cell death and acantholysis, but only when the cell's ability to metabolize ceramide is exceeded, and (2) apoptosis in response to this altered ceramide metabolism is initiated and/or exacerbated by other agents that increase ceramide levels, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, and senescence.
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Hydrolytic pathway protects against ceramide-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes exposed to UVB. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:2472-80. [PMID: 20520628 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although ceramides (Cers) are key constituents of the epidermal permeability barrier, they also function as apoptogenic signals for UVB irradiation-induced apoptosis in epidermal keratinocytes. As epidermis is continuously exposed to UV irradiation, we hypothesized that Cer hydrolysis protects keratinocytes from UVB-induced apoptosis by attenuating Cer levels. Both low-dose UVB (L-UVB) (< 35 mJ cm(-2)) and high-dose UVB (H-UVB) (> or = 45 mJ cm(-2)) irradiation inhibited DNA synthesis in cultured human keratinocytes, but apoptosis occurred only after H-UVB. Whereas Cer production increased after both L- and H-UVB, it normalized only in L-UVB-exposed keratinocytes, but remained elevated after H-UVB. Both acidic ceramidase (aCDase) and neutral ceramidase (nCDase) activities declined after L- and H-UVB, but returned to normal only in L-UVB cells, with decreased CDase activities or mRNA or protein levels being sustained in H-UVB cells. Inhibition of CDase using either a CDase inhibitor, N-oleoylethanolamine, or small interfering RNA (siRNA) (either to a- and/or n-CDase(s)) sensitized keratinocytes to L-UVB-induced apoptosis in parallel with further Cer accumulation. Blockade of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) (but not SPHK2) by siRNA also increased apoptosis in L-UVB keratinocytes, revealing that conversion of sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) further protects keratinocytes from UVB-induced cell death. Thus, Cer → sphingosine → S1Pmetabolic conversion protects against UVB-induced, Cer-mediated apoptosis in keratinocytes, but excessive UVB overwhelms this mechanism, thereby leading to keratinocyte apoptosis.
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Lucki NC, Sewer MB. The interplay between bioactive sphingolipids and steroid hormones. Steroids 2010; 75:390-9. [PMID: 20138078 PMCID: PMC2854287 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones regulate various physiological processes including development, reproduction, and metabolism. These regulatory molecules are synthesized from cholesterol in endocrine organs - such as the adrenal glands and gonads - via a multi-step enzymatic process that is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 superfamily of monooxygenases and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Steroidogenesis is induced by trophic peptide hormones primarily via the activation of a cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent pathway. However, other signaling molecules, including cytokines and growth factors, control the steroid hormone biosynthetic pathway. More recently, sphingolipids, including ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and sphingosine, have been found to modulate steroid hormone secretion at multiple levels. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the mechanisms by which sphingolipids regulate steroidogenesis. In addition, we discuss how steroid hormones control sphingolipid metabolism. Finally, we outline evidence supporting the emerging role of bioactive sphingolipids in various nuclear processes and discuss a role for nuclear sphingolipid metabolism in the control of gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha C. Lucki
- School of Biology and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Marion B. Sewer
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC0704, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Höltje M, Richartz A, Zdrazil B, Schwanke A, Dugovic B, Murruzzu C, Reißig HU, Korting HC, Kleuser B, Höltje HD, Schäfer-Korting M. Human polymerase α inhibitors for skin tumors. Part 2. Modeling, synthesis and influence on normal and transformed keratinocytes of new thymidine and purine derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:250-65. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903059579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Höltje
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Richartz
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmakologie und Toxikologie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Zdrazil
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Schwanke
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmakologie und Toxikologie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Branislav Dugovic
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie (Organische Chemie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Murruzzu
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie (Organische Chemie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reißig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie (Organische Chemie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Korting
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmakologie und Toxikologie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Höltje
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmakologie und Toxikologie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ellis BC, Gattoni-Celli S, Kindy MS. The impact of methylmercury on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced transcriptomic responses in dolphin skin cells. Biol Chem 2010; 391:245-258. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Atlantic bottlenose dolphin has been the focus of much attention owing to the considerable impact of environmental stress on its health and the associated implications for human health. Here, we used skin cells from the dolphin to investigate the protective role of the vitamin D pathway against environmental stressors. We previously reported that dolphin skin cells respond to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), the bioactive metabolite of vitamin D3, by upregulation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and expression of several genes. Methylmercury is a highly bioaccumulative environmental stressor of relevance to the dolphin. We currently report that in dolphin cells sublethal concentrations of methylmercury compromise the ability of 1,25D3 to upregulate VDR, to transactivate a vitamin D-sensitive promoter, and to express specific target genes. These results help elucidate the effects of vitamin D and methylmercury on innate immunity in dolphin skin and potentially in human skin as well, considering similarities in the vitamin D pathway between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake C. Ellis
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Sebastiano Gattoni-Celli
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Mark S. Kindy
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
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