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Andrique L, Recher G, Alessandri K, Pujol N, Feyeux M, Bon P, Cognet L, Nassoy P, Bikfalvi A. A model of guided cell self-organization for rapid and spontaneous formation of functional vessels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau6562. [PMID: 31206014 PMCID: PMC6561743 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Most achievements to engineer blood vessels are based on multiple-step manipulations such as manual sheet rolling or sequential cell seeding followed by scaffold degradation. Here, we propose a one-step strategy using a microfluidic coextrusion device to produce mature functional blood vessels. A hollow alginate hydrogel tube is internally coated with extracellular matrix to direct the self-assembly of a mixture of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The resulting vascular structure has the correct configuration of lumen, an inner lining of ECs, and outer sheath of SMCs. These "vesseloids" reach homeostasis within a day and exhibit the following properties expected for functional vessels (i) quiescence, (ii) perfusability, and (iii) contractility in response to vasoconstrictor agents. Together, these findings provide an original and simple strategy to generate functional artificial vessels and pave the way for further developments in vascular graft and tissue engineering and for deciphering the angiogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Andrique
- LAMC, Laboratoire de l’Angiogenèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers (Inserm U1029) F-33170 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33170 Pessac, France
| | - G. Recher
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - K. Alessandri
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - N. Pujol
- LAMC, Laboratoire de l’Angiogenèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers (Inserm U1029) F-33170 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33170 Pessac, France
| | - M. Feyeux
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - P. Bon
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - L. Cognet
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - P. Nassoy
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - A. Bikfalvi
- LAMC, Laboratoire de l’Angiogenèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers (Inserm U1029) F-33170 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33170 Pessac, France
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2
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Schilter H, Cantemir-Stone CZ, Leksa V, Ohradanova-Repic A, Findlay AD, Deodhar M, Stockinger H, Song X, Molloy M, Marsh CB, Jarolimek W. The mannose-6-phosphate analogue, PXS64, inhibits fibrosis via TGF-β1 pathway in human lung fibroblasts. Immunol Lett 2015; 165:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Solodushko V, Khader HA, Fouty BW. Serum can overcome contact inhibition in confluent human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71490. [PMID: 23940764 PMCID: PMC3735496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) in an intact vessel are continually exposed to serum, but unless injured, do not proliferate, constrained by confluence. In contrast, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) attain, and maintain, confluence in the presence of minimal serum, protected from serum's stimulatory effects except when the endothelial barrier becomes more permeable. We hypothesized therefore, that confluent PASMC may be less constrained by contact inhibition in the presence of serum than PAEC and tested this idea by exposing confluent non-transformed human PAEC and PASMC to media containing increasing concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and determining cell growth over 7 days. PAEC that had attained confluence in low serum did not proliferate even when exposed to 5% serum, the highest concentration tested. In contrast, PASMC that attained confluence in low serum did proliferate once serum levels were increased, an effect that was dose dependent. Consistent with this observation, PASMC had more BrdU incorporation and a greater percentage of cells in S phase in 5% compared to 0.2% FBS, whereas no such difference was seen in PAEC. These results suggest that confluent human PAEC are resistant to the stimulatory effects of serum, whereas confluent PASMC can proliferate when serum levels are increased, an effect mediated in part by differences in phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation. This observation may be relevant to understanding the PASMC hyperplasia observed in humans and animals with pulmonary hypertension in which changes in endothelial permeability due to hypoxia or injury expose the underlying smooth muscle to serum.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Contact Inhibition/drug effects
- Culture Media/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Oncogene Protein v-akt/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/cytology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/physiology
- Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism
- Serum/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Solodushko
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Heba A. Khader
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Brian W. Fouty
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine/Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dussmann P, Pagel JI, Vogel S, Magnusson T, Zimmermann R, Wagner E, Schaper W, Ogris M, Deindl E. Live in vivo imaging of Egr-1 promoter activity during neonatal development, liver regeneration and wound healing. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2011; 11:28. [PMID: 21595990 PMCID: PMC3120781 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1 (Early growth response 1) is central to several growth factors and represents an important activator of target genes not only involved in physiological processes like embryogenesis and neonatal development, but also in a variety of pathophysiological processes, for example atherosclerosis or cancer. Current options to investigate its transcription and activation in vivo are end-point measurements that do not provide insights into dynamic changes in the living organism. RESULTS We developed a transgenic mouse (Egr-1-luc) in which the luciferase reporter gene is under the control of the murine Egr-1 promoter providing a versatile tool to study the time course of Egr-1 activation in vivo. In neonatal mice, bioluminescence imaging revealed a high Egr-1 promoter activity reaching basal levels three weeks after birth with activity at snout, ears and paws. Using a model of partial hepatectomy we could show that Egr-1 promoter activity and Egr-1 mRNA levels were increased in the regenerating liver. In a model of wound healing, we demonstrated that Egr-1 promoter activity was upregulated at the site of injury. CONCLUSION Taken together, we have developed a transgenic mouse model that allows real time in vivo imaging of the Egr-1 promoter activity. The ability to monitor and quantify Egr-1 activity in the living organism may facilitate a better understanding of Egr-1 function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dussmann
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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5
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How to screen non-viral gene delivery systems in vitro? J Control Release 2011; 154:218-32. [PMID: 21600249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Screening of new gene delivery candidates regarding transfection efficiency and toxicity is usually performed by reading out transgene expression levels relative to a reference formulation after in vitro transfection. However, over the years and among different laboratories, this screening has been performed in a variety of cell lines, using a variety of conditions and read-out systems, and by comparison to a variety of reference formulations. This makes a direct comparison of results difficult, if not impossible. Reaching a consensus would enable placing new results into context of previous findings and estimate the overall contribution to the improvement of non-viral gene delivery. In this paper we illustrate the sensitivity of transfection outcomes on testing conditions chosen, and propose a screening protocol with the aim of standardization within the field.
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Gu Z, Rolfe BE, Xu ZP, Thomas AC, Campbell JH, Lu GQ. Enhanced effects of low molecular weight heparin intercalated with layered double hydroxide nanoparticles on rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials 2010; 31:5455-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mrabat H, Garg HG, Hales CA. Growth inhibition of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells following long-term heparin treatment. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:603-8. [PMID: 19653229 PMCID: PMC2755647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heparin (HP) inhibits pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) growth in vitro and vascular remodeling in vivo. Bârzu et al. (1994) suggested that the antiproliferative effect of HP on rat aortic smooth muscle cell in vitro diminishes with prolonged exposure to heparin. We exposed cultured bovine PASMC (BPASMC) to prolonged pretreatment with 20 microg/ml of 0-hexanoylated HP from passages 3 to13 and compared them to control (no pretreatment) cultures of identical passages. The pretreated BPASMC and control groups were growth arrested for 48 h, followed by treatment of 0-hexanoylated HP at different doses. On day 5, the growth inhibition of BPASMC was determined. The percent inhibition by 1 microg/ml of 0-hexanoylated HP was 46 +/- 14% versus 62 +/- 13%, for control and pretreated BPASMC, respectively. At 10 microg/ml the inhibition was 62 +/- 7% versus 84 +/- 6%. For 100 microg/ml the inhibition increased to 92 +/- 5% versus 100% and at 200 microg/ml the inhibition was 95 +/- 3% versus 100%. BPASMC (with or without preexposure to 0-hexanoylated HP), at passage 13, were sensitive to the growth inhibitory effect of 0-hexanoylated HP with no significant difference among the groups (95 +/- 3% inhibition vs. 100% for pretreated BPASMC). We found that 0-hexanoylated HP-induced necrosis as shown by flow cytometry and only minor apoptosis. Caspase-3 and PARP detection was insignificant between the groups. In summary, no cell subpopulation at long-term treatment exhibited resistance to 0-hexanoylated HP. The HP antiproliferative effect on SMC is potentially important in defining new approaches to the treatment of the remodeled vasculature of pulmonary hypertension. Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Mrabat
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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8
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Fuchs AT, Kuehnl A, Pelisek J, Rolland PH, Mekkaoui C, Netz H, Nikol S. Inhibition of restenosis formation without compromising reendothelialization as a potential solution to thrombosis following angioplasty? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:85-92. [PMID: 18568948 DOI: 10.1080/10623320802092484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stent thrombosis remains an important problem after the implantation of different stent types. A potential solution to this problem may be vasoactive agents with dual effects on different cell types like C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Therefore, in vitro and in vivo effects of CNP were investigated in a porcine restenotic model. Gene transfer of CNP in cultures of porcine vascular cells revealed up to 30% reduction of growth of smooth muscle cells (p<.05), but no suppression of endothelial growth using CNP. Applied in vivo, angiography revealed a trend of reduced restenosis formation in balloon-injured porcine arteries treated with CNP gene or beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) control gene after three months (2.59 +/- 2.04-fold reduction, p = n.s.). Histologically, morphometry revealed significantly reduced neointima formation after treatment with CNP plasmid (7.26 +/- 1.44-fold reduction, p < .05). Evans blue staining demonstrated complete endothelial repair already 3 weeks after intervention using CNP. Transfer of CNP gene resulted in a significant inhibition of neointima formation without compromising endothelial repair. Therefore, use of the CNP gene may offer a solution to suppress restenosis formation while preventing subacute or late thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Theresia Fuchs
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Apostolov EO, Basnakian AG, Yin X, Ok E, Shah SV. Modified LDLs induce proliferation-mediated death of human vascular endothelial cells through MAPK pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 292:H1836-46. [PMID: 17158646 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01079.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of modified low-density lipoptoteins (LDLs) to induce both proliferation and death of endothelial cells is considered to be a mechanism of early atherosclerosis development. We previously showed that carbamylated LDL (cLDL) induces human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) death in vitro. This effect is similar to the atherogenic action of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) that induces the proliferation and death of endothelial cells. The present study was designed to analyze a potential proliferative effect of cLDL and whether proliferation caused by modified LDLs is related to cell death. Cultured HCAECs were exposed to different concentrations of modified LDL or native LDL for varying periods of time. Cell proliferation measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and S-phase analysis was dose-dependently increased in the presence of cLDL (6.25–200 μg/ml). The proliferation induced by cLDL or oxLDL was associated with cell death and increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Inhibition of cLDL- or oxLDL-induced proliferation by aphidicolin (1 μg/ml) was protective against both short-term cell death measured by lactate dehydrogenase release into the medium and long-term cell viability visualized by cell multiplication. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation led to a significant decrease of DNA synthesis and cell rescue from injury by modified LDLs, while inhibition of JNK phosphorylation had an only partial rescue effect without involvement in cell proliferation. These data are the first evidence that endothelial cell death induced by cLDL or oxLDL is mediated by cell proliferation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene O Apostolov
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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10
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Golda A, Pelisek J, Klocke R, Engelmann MG, Rolland PH, Mekkaoui C, Nikol S. Small Poly- L-Lysines Improve Cationic Lipid-Mediated Gene Transfer in Vascular Cells in vitro and in vivo. J Vasc Res 2007; 44:273-82. [PMID: 17406119 DOI: 10.1159/000101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of two small poly-L-lysines (sPLLs), low molecular weight sPLL (LMW-L) containing 7-30 lysine residues and L18 with 18 lysine repeats, to enhance the efficiency of liposome-mediated gene transfer (GT) with cationic lipid DOCSPER [1,3-dioleoyloxy-2-(N(5)-carbamoyl-spermine)-propane] in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was investigated. Dynamic light scattering was used for determination of particle size. Confocal microscopy was applied for colocalization studies of sPLLs and plasmid DNA inside cells. GT was performed in proliferating and quiescent primary porcine SMCs in vitro and in vivo in porcine femoral arteries. At low ionic strength, sPLLs formed small complexes with DNA (50-100 nm). At high ionic strength, large complexes (>1 microm) were observed without any significant differences in particle size between lipoplexes (DOCSPER/DNA) and lipopolyplexes (DOCSPER/sPLL/DNA). Both sPLLs were colocalized with DNA inside cells 24 h after transfection, protecting DNA against degradation. DOCSPER/sPLL/DNA formulations enhanced GT in vitro up to 5-fold, in a porcine model using local periadventitial application up to 1.5-fold. Both sPLLs significantly increased liposome-mediated GT. Poly-L-lysine L18 was superior to LMW-L since it enabled maximal GT at a 10-fold lower concentration. Thus, sPLLs may serve as enhancers for GT applications in SMCs in vitro and in vivo using local delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Golda
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital, Westfaelische Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany
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Tian W, Kuhlmann MT, Pelisek J, Scobioala S, Quang TH, Hasib L, Klocke R, Jahn UR, Nikol S. Paclitaxel Delivered to Adventitia Attenuates Neointima Formation Without Compromising Re-Endothelialization After Angioplasty in a Porcine Restenosis Model. J Endovasc Ther 2006; 13:616-29. [PMID: 17042659 DOI: 10.1583/05-1802mr.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of paclitaxel delivered into the adventitia of pig femoral arteries on neointima formation and hyperplasia as well as re-endothelialization. METHODS Paclitaxel or vehicle was delivered into the adventitia of pig femoral arteries using a needle injection catheter following balloon overstretch. Arteries were then serially examined by angiography, Evan's blue staining, morphometry, and immunohistochemistry for up to 12 weeks. RESULTS Local adventitial delivery of paclitaxel significantly attenuated neointima formation. The area of neointima (0.41+/-0.17 versus 2.75+/-0.81 mm(2), p<0.01), the ratio of intima to media (0.12+/-0.05 versus 0.86+/-0.35, p<0.05), and the degree of stenosis (12.80%+/-3.13% versus 47.06%+/-7.25%, p<0.01) were significantly lower in the paclitaxel-treated group compared to controls. Furthermore, cell proliferation was significantly diminished following adventitial delivery of paclitaxel from day 3 to 21 compared to controls. Complete re-endothelialization was observed 3 weeks after intervention in both groups of arteries treated with paclitaxel or vehicle alone. CONCLUSION Paclitaxel delivered into the adventitia of pig femoral arteries effectively attenuates neointima formation after angioplasty without compromising re-endothelialization. Adventitial drug delivery may therefore be an alternative to drug-eluting stents for the prevention of restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Angioplasty, Balloon
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Connective Tissue/blood supply
- Connective Tissue/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/surgery
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/metabolism
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/pathology
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/therapy
- Hyperplasia/drug therapy
- Immunohistochemistry
- Injections, Intra-Arterial
- Ki-67 Antigen/drug effects
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/drug effects
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Research Design
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Swine
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Tunica Media/drug effects
- Tunica Media/pathology
- von Willebrand Factor/drug effects
- von Willebrand Factor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Münster, Germany
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12
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Pelisek J, Fuchs AT, Kuehnl A, Tian W, Kuhlmann MT, Rolland PH, Mekkaoui C, Gaedtke L, Nikol S. C-type natriuretic peptide for reduction of restenosis: gene transfer is superior over single peptide administration. J Gene Med 2006; 8:835-44. [PMID: 16602133 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restenosis is still a significant clinical problem limiting the long-term therapeutic success following balloon dilation or stent implantation. New approaches are necessary inhibiting neointima formation and simultaneously promoting re-endothelialization. Therefore, long-term therapeutic effects of adventitial liposome-mediated C-type natriuretic protein (CNP) gene and CNP peptide applications in a porcine model for restenosis post-angioplasty were investigated. METHODS For in vitro applications, primary cultures of porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) were used. Gene transfer was performed with cationic lipid DOCSPER [1,3-dioleoyloxy-2-(N5-carbamoylspermine)propane]. In vivo treatment of pig femoral arteries was adventitial using a needle injection catheter following balloon angioplasty. Arteries were investigated by angiography, Evan's blue staining, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, PCR and RT-PCR. RESULTS Using CNP gene transfer in vitro, 29.4+/-7.2% reduction of cell proliferation in VSMCs was observed. In ECs, the CNP gene did not compromise cellular growth. For the CNP peptide the optimal concentration was 1 mM with 50.7+/-11.3% reduction of VSMC proliferation and 12.1+/-5.3% enhancement of growth of ECs. Three weeks following application in vivo complete re-endothelialization was observed in all treated groups. At 3 months significant reduction of neointima formation was observed using CNP gene vs. CNP peptide (85.9+/-7.8% vs. 63.3+/-27.6% reduction, P<0.05) compared to control treatment. CONCLUSION Periadventitial liposome-mediated CNP gene transfer in vivo resulted in a significant long-term reduction of neointima formation without compromising endothelial repair and was superior over single CNP peptide administration. Advantages of CNP are its physiological origin and simultaneous inhibition of VSMC proliferation and promotion of EC growth.
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MESH Headings
- Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Constriction, Pathologic
- DNA/genetics
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Gene Expression
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Liposomes
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type/administration & dosage
- Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type/genetics
- Sus scrofa
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Westfaelische Wilhelm University, Muenster, Germany
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13
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Pelisek J, Gaedtke L, DeRouchey J, Walker GF, Nikol S, Wagner E. Optimized lipopolyplex formulations for gene transfer to human colon carcinoma cells underin vitro conditions. J Gene Med 2006; 8:186-97. [PMID: 16245365 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycation (PC, polyplex), cationic lipid (CL, lipoplex), and a combination of PC/CL (lipopolyplex) formulations were investigated for gene transfer to slow-proliferating human colon carcinoma cell lines (COGA). METHODS The luciferase reporter gene was complexed with either PC, CL, or PC/CL. PCs included linear (PEI22lin, 22 kDa) and branched polyethylenimine (PEI2k, 2 kDa; PEI25br, 25 kDa) and poly-L-lysine (PLL18 with 18 lysine monomers). CLs included DOCSPER, DOSPER and DOTAP. Lipopolyplexes were formed by either sequentially first mixing DNA with PC or CL, followed by addition of CL or PC, respectively, or simultaneously with both PC and CL. Particle size and zeta-potential were determined and gene transfer and cytotoxicity were quantified on COGA-3, -5, -12, HeLa and Sw480 cells. RESULTS The highest gene transfer was achieved when DNA was first complexed with PC followed by CL. At low ionic strength, particles were small (50-130 nm) with a zeta-potential of +20-40 mV. At physiological ionic strength, only lipoplexes of DOCSPER or DOSPER and their respective lipopolyplexes with PEI25br were stable to aggregation (140-220 nm). Lipopolyplexes of PEI25br were between 5- to 400-fold more efficient compared to the corresponding lipoplexes or polyplexes in all cases. Chloroquine did not significantly affect lipopolyplex-mediated gene transfer. CONCLUSIONS Lipopolyplex formulations of PEI25br in combination with multivalent CLs (DOCSPER, DOSPER) are promising tools for in vitro and potentially also in vivo gene transfer to colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
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Engbers-Buijtenhuijs P, Buttafoco L, Poot AA, Geelkerken RH, Feijen J, Vermes I. Analysis of the Balance between Proliferation and Apoptosis of Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells for Tissue- Engineering Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:1631-9. [PMID: 16411808 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis, the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, is an important factor in tissue engineering. We describe a new method to analyze markers of both proliferation and apoptosis in a single assay to monitor growth behavior of cell cultures. Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured either on gelatin-coated tissue culture polystyrene or in three-dimensional porous scaffolds composed of insoluble collagen and elastin. mRNA concentrations of cyclin E, as a marker of proliferation, and of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) as a marker of apoptosis, quantified by a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and normalized to porphobilinogen deaminase mRNA concentrations, were analyzed. tTG mRNA expression levels were increased when apoptosis was induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in combination with cycloheximide or by culturing the cells in serum-free culture medium. Cyclin E mRNA expression levels were less altered in these cell cultures. Results were compared with several reference tests to measure apoptosis including DNA fragmentation, annexin V staining, and light microscopy. This RT-PCR method could be used to characterize cell growth behavior of VSMCs in vitro. In addition, it was shown that this test is suitable to measure the balance between proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs present in tissue-engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Engbers-Buijtenhuijs
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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15
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Lenter MC, Garidel P, Pelisek J, Wagner E, Ogris M. Stabilized nonviral formulations for the delivery of MCP-1 gene into cells of the vasculoendothelial system. Pharm Res 2004; 21:683-91. [PMID: 15139526 DOI: 10.1023/b:pham.0000022416.33048.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a stabilized non-viral gene transfer system for the efficient delivery and expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) gene in cells of the vasculoendothelial system. METHODS Plasmid DNA was condensed with polyethylenimine (PEI), conjugates of PEI with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and PEI conjugates with the membrane-active peptide melittin. Surface charge and particle size of the resulting gene transfer particles were analyzed by laser light scattering. Reporter gene studies and toxicity assays were conducted on smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of human, porcine, or rat origin. RESULTS Nonviral gene carriers containing PEI and PEG were developed that could be produced in batches of several milligrams and conveniently stored as frozen samples. Incorporation of PEG into the transfection complex significantly reduced cellular toxicity. The cryoconserved gene transfer particles mediated high expression of luciferase, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), or secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter genes. Highest reporter gene expression was achieved with PEI polyplexes containing PEG and melittin. The gene for MCP-1 was efficiently delivered into target cells and resulted in expression of up to 125 ng/ml secreted bioactive MCP-1 protein per 50,000 cells. CONCLUSIONS Gene carriers based on PEI and PEG display reduced toxicity, can be stored in frozen form without loss of biological activity, and can efficiently transfect cells of the vasculoendothelial system. Such gene carriers hold a potential for use in arterial gene transfer and local secretion of MCP-1 as trigger of therapeutic arteriogenesis in arterial occlusion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Lenter
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, GFB F&E Germany, Genomics & Proteomics Group, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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16
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Pelisek J, Kuehnl A, Rolland PH, Mekkaoui C, Fuchs A, Walker GF, Ogris M, Wagner E, Nikol S. Functional Analysis of Genomic DNA, cDNA, and Nucleotide Sequence of the Mature C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Gene in Vascular Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:1646-51. [PMID: 15231517 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000137387.78515.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) sequences (genomic DNA [CNPDNA], cDNA derived from mRNA [CNPcDNA], and sequence coding for 22 amino acids of the mature CNP [CNP22aa]) on the growth of primary porcine vascular cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Gene transfer was performed with cationic lipid DOCSPER or linear polyethylenimine. All 3 CNP sequences led to significant inhibition of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. In contrast, significant stimulation of cell growth was observed in endothelial cells (ECs) using CNPDNA or CNPcDNA but not CNP22aa. In a porcine restenosis model, a significant reduction in neointima hyperplasia was found 3 months after application of the CNPcDNA vector compared with the control transfection. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the first intron in the CNP sequence does not contain any additional enhancer-binding sites. However, the signal sequence is indispensable for secretion of CNP and its appropriate physiological function. Furthermore, the results show for the first time the therapeutic effect of CNP using liposome-mediated gene transfer and local adventitial delivery. Advantages of the CNP gene are its dual effects with inhibition of SMC proliferation and simultaneous promotion of EC growth. Functional analysis of various C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) sequences on growth of vascular cells. For the first time, dual therapeutic effects of CNP with inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and stimulation of re-endothelialization were demonstrated in a pig restenosis model using liposome-mediated gene transfer and local adventitial delivery.
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MESH Headings
- Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects
- Animals
- Arterial Occlusive Diseases/therapy
- Arteries/injuries
- Cell Division
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured/cytology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Injections, Intralesional
- Introns
- Liposomes
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type/chemistry
- Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type/genetics
- Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type/physiology
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/physiology
- Peripheral Vascular Diseases/therapy
- Protein Sorting Signals/genetics
- Protein Sorting Signals/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Secondary Prevention
- Sus scrofa
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital, Westfaelische Wilhelm University, Muenster, Germany
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17
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Clarke DM, Baust JM, Van Buskirk RG, Baust JG. Addition of anticancer agents enhances freezing-induced prostate cancer cell death: implications of mitochondrial involvement. Cryobiology 2004; 49:45-61. [PMID: 15265716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2003] [Accepted: 05/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the successful treatment of prostate cancer may require adjuvant therapies. Accordingly, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in current treatments may lead to enhanced efficacy by providing a basis for adjuvant therapies. In this study, we demonstrate that the combination of sub-lethal concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents prior to freezing (-15 degrees C) in a prostate cancer cell (PC-3) model results in enhanced efficacy over either treatment alone. Morphological analysis revealed that necrosis appeared to be the prevalent mode of cell death following adjuvant (in vitro) modeling, yet molecular analysis indicated that freezing and chemotherapy differentially activated apoptotic cascades through modulating opposing members of the Bcl-2 protein family. Freezing results in a time-dependent increase of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein, while chemotherapy results in an increase of the pro-apoptotic Bax protein. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein levels increase over 3-fold following exposure to freezing. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) causes pro-apoptotic Bax levels to increase 2-fold during the drug exposure. The increase in Bax was also apparent following the combination of 5-FU/freezing, while Bcl-2 levels were maintained at or below control levels. This led to a shift in the Bcl-2 to Bax ratio to a pro-death tendency. Other effective cryo/chemo combinations were also found to provide similar effects. The combination of cisplatin/freezing resulted in a 4-fold increase in the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 when compared to controls, which represented a 2-fold increase over the 5-FU/freezing-combination model. This increase may contribute to the continued reduction in cell number observed during the 13-day recovery period. Additionally, the addition of an apoptotic caspase inhibitor was not able to protect cultures from cell death following combination treatment. In conclusion, the data suggest that both Bcl-2 and Bax may, not only, play an important role in the efficacy of the cryo/chemo combination, but also the balance between the two may determine the role and extent of system destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic M Clarke
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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18
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da Cruz MTG, Simões S, de Lima MCP. Improving lipoplex-mediated gene transfer into C6 glioma cells and primary neurons. Exp Neurol 2004; 187:65-75. [PMID: 15081589 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2003.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2003] [Revised: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of methodologies for gene transfer into the central nervous system is crucial for gene therapy of neurological disorders. In this study, different cationic liposome formulations were used to transfer DNA into C6 glioma cells and primary hippocampal and cortical neurons by varying the nature of the helper lipid (DOPE, Chol) or a mixture of DOPE and cholesterol (Chol) associated to DOTAP. In addition, the effect of the lipid/DNA (+/-) charge ratio, the association of the ligand transferrin to the lipoplexes, and the stage of differentiation of the primary cells on the levels of transfection activity, transfection efficiency, and duration of gene expression were evaluated. Mechanistic studies were also performed to investigate the route of delivery of the complexes into neurons. Our results indicate that DOTAP:Chol (1:1 mol ratio) was the best formulation to transfer a reporter gene into C6 glioma cells, primary hippocampal neurons, and primary cortical neurons. The use of transferrin-associated lipoplexes resulted in a significant enhancement of transfection activity, as compared to plain lipoplexes, which can be partially attributed to the promotion of their internalization mediated by transferrin. While for hippocampal neurons the levels of luciferase gene expression are very low, for primary cortical neurons the levels of transgene expression are high and relatively stable, although only 4% of the cells has been transfected. The stage of cell differentiation revealed to be critical to the levels of gene expression. Consistent with previous findings on the mechanisms of cell internalization, the experiments with inhibitors of the endocytotic pathway clearly indicate that transferrin-associated lipoplexes are internalized into primary neurons by endocytosis. Promising results were obtained in terms of the levels and duration of gene expression, particularly in cortical neurons when transfected with the Tf-associated lipoplexes, this finding suggesting the usefulness of these lipid-based carriers to deliver genes within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Girão da Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3126, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal
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19
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Pandolfi A, Grilli A, Cilli C, Patruno A, Giaccari A, Di Silvestre S, De Lutiis MA, Pellegrini G, Capani F, Consoli A, Felaco M. Phenotype modulation in cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells from diabetic rats: association with increased nitric oxide synthase expression and superoxide anion generation. J Cell Physiol 2003; 196:378-85. [PMID: 12811832 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative modification of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) and impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) have both been proposed among the mechanisms linking diabetes and atherosclerosis. However, diabetes induced modifications in phenotype and nitric oxide synthase(s) (NOS) expression and activity in vSMC have not been fully characterized. In this study, cell morphology, proliferative response to serum, alpha-SMactin levels, eNOS expression and activity, cGMP intracellular content, and superoxide anion release were measured in cultures of vSMC obtained from aorta medial layer of ten diabetic (90% pancreatectomy, DR) and ten control (sham surgery, CR) rats. Vascular SMC from DR showed a less evident "hill and valley" culture morphology, increased growth response to serum, greater saturation density, and lower levels of alpha-SMactin. In the same cells, as compared to CR cells, eNOS mRNA levels and NOS activity were increased, while intracellular cGMP level was lower and superoxide anion production was significantly greater. These data indicate that chronic hyperglycemia might induce, in the vascular wall, an increased number of vSMC proliferative clones which persist in culture and are associated with increased eNOS expression and activity. However, upregulation of eNOS and increased NO synthesis occur in the presence of a marked concomitant increase of O(2-) production. Since NO bioavailability, as reflected by cGMP levels, was not increased in DR cells, it is tempting to hypothesize that the proliferative phenotype observed in DR cells is associated with a redox imbalance responsible quenching and/or trapping of NO, with the consequent loss of its biological activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Blood Physiological Phenomena
- Cell Count
- Cells, Cultured
- Citrulline/biosynthesis
- Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure
- Diabetes Mellitus/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
- Flow Cytometry
- Insulin/blood
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
- Pancreatectomy/methods
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Superoxides/metabolism
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Mason HR, Nowak RA, Morton CC, Castellot JJ. Heparin inhibits the motility and proliferation of human myometrial and leiomyoma smooth muscle cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2003; 162:1895-904. [PMID: 12759246 PMCID: PMC1868134 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are a major women's health problem. Currently, the standard for treatment remains hysterectomy, because no other treatment modalities can reduce both symptoms and recurrence. As leiomyomas are a hyperproliferation of smooth muscle cells, we sought to understand the regulation of uterine smooth muscle cell mitogenesis by the glycosaminoglycan heparin, which has been extensively studied as an anti-proliferative molecule in vascular smooth muscle cells. Using matched pairs of human myometrial and leiomyoma smooth muscle cells from the same uterus, we demonstrate that the proliferation and motility of both cell types are inhibited by heparin. We report that the decrease in cell number seen in the presence of heparin is not because of cell death. Interestingly, there is significant patient-to-patient variability in the proliferation response but not in the motility response to heparin. Furthermore, nonanticoagulant and anticoagulant heparin were equally effective at inhibiting leiomyoma and myometrial smooth muscle cell proliferation. These results warrant further investigation into the possibility that heparin might be useful in the treatment of uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Mason
- Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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21
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Nikol S, Pelisek J, Engelmann MG, Shimizu M, Fuchs A, Golda A, Armeanu S, Mekkaoui C, Rolland PH. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) and its influence on angiogenesis versus arteriogenesis in different vascular beds. J Endovasc Ther 2002; 9:842-54. [PMID: 12546587 DOI: 10.1177/152660280200900619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To use local gene delivery to determine any district-specific influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(165)) on angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in arteries of distinct developmental origin. METHODS Coronary and peripheral arteries were chronically occluded in 30 Pietrain pigs using a percutaneous approach and blinded stent-graft. DNA was delivered to the adventitia in dosages corresponding to 10% of the body weight-adapted amount used in clinical trials. The coronary arteries in 12 animals and the peripheral arteries in 12 animals were treated or used as controls (no occlusion or occlusion with transfection of the beta-galactosidase gene). Six additional animals were sacrificed at 1 or 3 weeks for expression analyses, while the other 24 animals were sacrificed at 5 months for expression analysis and histology. Angiography, polymerase chain reaction analyses, and immunohistochemistry were performed. RESULTS Expression of the VEGF gene was observed at 1 and 3 weeks following application, while transfected DNA was detected up to 5 months. New collaterals formed around occluded coronary arteries (2.63 +/- 0.69 fold, p<0.05 versus 1.24 +/- 0.40 fold for peripheral arteries), and angiographic arterial area increase was more pronounced in coronary (2.49 +/- 0.59 fold, p<0.05) than peripheral arteries (1.49 +/- 0.05 fold). There was no collateralization surrounding occluded peripheral arteries, but new arterial branches were seen (2.0 +/- 0.28, p<0.05 versus 1.07 +/- 0.31 for coronary). CONCLUSIONS The response to VEGF, whether it is predominantly angiogenesis or arteriogenesis, is dependent on the target vessel. These observed differences in the behavior of arteries may be related to their differing developmental origins, which may have important implications for future therapeutic strategies using VEGF in different vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Nikol
- Medical Clinic I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Germany.
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Nikol S, Pelisek J, Engelmann MG, Shimizu M, Fuchs A, Golda A, Armeanu S, Mekkaoui C, Rolland PH. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF165) and Its Influence on Angiogenesis Versus Arteriogenesis in Different Vascular Beds. J Endovasc Ther 2002. [DOI: 10.1583/1545-1550(2002)009<0842:vegfva>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nikol S, Engelmann MG, Pelisek J, Fuchs A, Golda A, Shimizu M, Mekkaoui C, Rolland PH. Local perivascular application of low amounts of a plasmid encoding for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) is efficient for therapeutic angiogenesis in pigs. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2002; 176:151-9. [PMID: 12354175 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2002.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials have demonstrated therapeutic benefit in inducing angiogenesis in chronic occlusive arterial disease. The route of application mostly used was the intramuscular injection of high dosages of plasmid. Therefore, a local perivascular application of low amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plasmid was used in an interventional occlusion model, and the effect of VEGF on coronary and peripheral occlusions compared in the same animal model. Coronary and peripheral arteries were chronically occluded in Pietrain pigs using a non-surgical, interventional approach. Adventitial delivery of the DNA for VEGF was performed with a needle injection catheter. The DNA was applied as lipoplexes using the novel cationic liposomes DOCSPER. Optimized transfer conditions were used. Angiography, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were undertaken within a follow-up period of 6 months. Expression of the transfected VEGF gene was observed at 1 and 3 weeks following application. The DNA was detected up to 5 months following application. Around occluded coronary arteries, there was formation of new collaterals and arterial prolongation, whereas surrounding occluded peripheral arteries there was no collateralization but development of new arterial branches was seen. Results demonstrate that the response to VEGF is also sufficient, when minimal amounts of plasmid encoding for VEGF are applied locally into the perivasculature allowing for more safety of this therapy. Comparison of treatment of chronic coronary and peripheral arterial disease revealed differences in angiogenesis following VEGF application during a total follow-up period of almost 6 months which may be related to their different developmental origins. This may have important implications for developing future therapeutic strategies using VEGF in different vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nikol
- Medical Clinic I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany.
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