1
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Neveu B, Richer C, Cassart P, Caron M, Jimenez-Cortes C, St-Onge P, Fuchs C, Garnier N, Gobeil S, Sinnett D. Identification of new ETV6 modulators through a high-throughput functional screening. iScience 2022; 25:103858. [PMID: 35198911 PMCID: PMC8851229 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ETV6 transcriptional activity is critical for proper blood cell development in the bone marrow. Despite the accumulating body of evidence linking ETV6 malfunction to hematological malignancies, its regulatory network remains unclear. To uncover genes that modulate ETV6 repressive transcriptional activity, we performed a specifically designed, unbiased genome-wide shRNA screen in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Following an extensive validation process, we identified 13 shRNAs inducing overexpression of ETV6 transcriptional target genes. We showed that the silencing of AKIRIN1, COMMD9, DYRK4, JUNB, and SRP72 led to an abrogation of ETV6 repressive activity. We identified critical modulators of the ETV6 function which could participate in cellular transformation through the ETV6 transcriptional network. We develop a genome-wide shRNAs screen for ETV6 modulators The screen uncovered 13 novel putative ETV6 modulator genes The modulators demonstrated a broad impact on the ETV6 transcriptional network T-ALL cells results suggest modulators are conserved in other cellular contexts
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neveu
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Chantal Richer
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pauline Cassart
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Maxime Caron
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Camille Jimenez-Cortes
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pascal St-Onge
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Claire Fuchs
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Garnier
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Stéphane Gobeil
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Corresponding author
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Corresponding author
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2
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Neveu B, Caron M, Lagacé K, Richer C, Sinnett D. Genome wide mapping of ETV6 binding sites in pre-B leukemic cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15526. [PMID: 30341373 PMCID: PMC6195514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the transcriptional repressor ETV6 are associated with hematological malignancies. Notably, the t(12;21) translocation leading to an ETV6-AML1 fusion gene is the most common genetic alteration found in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Moreover, most of these patients also lack ETV6 expression, suggesting a tumor suppressor function. To gain insights on ETV6 DNA-binding specificity and genome wide transcriptional regulation capacities, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments coupled to deep sequencing in a t(12;21)-positive pre-B leukemic cell line. This strategy led to the identification of ETV6-bound regions that were further associated to gene expression. ETV6 binding is mostly cell type-specific as only few regions are shared with other blood cell subtypes. Peaks localization and motif enrichment analyses revealed that this unique binding profile could be associated with the ETV6-AML1 fusion protein specific to the t(12;21) background. This study underscores the complexity of ETV6 binding and uncovers ETV6 transcriptional network in pre-B leukemia cells bearing the recurrent t(12;21) translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neveu
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Maxime Caron
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Karine Lagacé
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Chantal Richer
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
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3
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Rasighaemi P, Ward AC. ETV6 and ETV7: Siblings in hematopoiesis and its disruption in disease. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 116:106-115. [PMID: 28693791 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ETV6 (TEL1) and ETV7 (TEL2) are closely-related members of the ETS family of transcriptional regulators. Both ETV6 and ETV7 have been demonstrated to play key roles in hematopoiesis, particularly with regard to maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and control of lineage-specific differentiation, with evidence of functional interactions between both proteins. ETV6 has been strongly implicated in the molecular etiology of a number of hematopoietic diseases, including as a tumor suppressor, an oncogenic fusion partner, and an important regulator of thrombopoiesis, but recent evidence has also identified ETV7 as a potential oncogene in certain malignancies. This review provides an overview of ETV6 and ETV7 and their contribution to both normal and disrupted hematopoiesis. It also highlights the key clinical implications of the growing knowledge base regarding ETV6 abnormalities with respect to prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rasighaemi
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
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4
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Abstract
RUNX1 is a member of the core-binding factor family of transcription factors and is indispensable for the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis in vertebrates. RUNX1 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in a variety of hematological malignancies. Germ line mutations in RUNX1 cause familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancies. Somatic mutations and chromosomal rearrangements involving RUNX1 are frequently observed in myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemias of myeloid and lymphoid lineages, that is, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. More recent studies suggest that the wild-type RUNX1 is required for growth and survival of certain types of leukemia cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current status of our understanding about the role of RUNX1 in hematological malignancies.
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5
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Ford AM, Greaves M. ETV6-RUNX1 + Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Identical Twins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:217-228. [PMID: 28299660 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukaemia is the major subtype of paediatric cancer with a cumulative risk of 1 in 2000 for children up to the age of 15 years. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a biologically and clinically diverse disease with distinctive subtypes; multiple chromosomal translocations exist within the subtypes and each carries its own prognostic relevance. The most common chromosome translocation observed is the t(12;21) that results in an in-frame fusion between the first five exons of ETV6 (TEL) and almost the entire coding region of RUNX1 (AML1).The natural history of childhood ALL is almost entirely clinically silent and is well advanced at the point of diagnosis. It has, however, been possible to backtrack this process through molecular analysis of appropriate clinical samples: (i) leukaemic clones in monozygotic twins that are either concordant or discordant for ALL; (ii) archived neonatal blood spots or Guthrie cards from individuals who later developed leukaemia; and (iii) stored, viable cord blood cells.Here, we outline our studies on the aetiology and pathology of childhood ALL that provide molecular evidence for a monoclonal, prenatal origin of ETV6-RUNX1+ leukaemia in monozygotic identical twins. We provide mechanistic support for the concept that altered patterns of infection during early childhood can deliver the necessary promotional drive for the progression of ETV6-RUNX1+ pre-leukaemic cells into a postnatal overt leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Ford
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
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Neveu B, Spinella JF, Richer C, Lagacé K, Cassart P, Lajoie M, Jananji S, Drouin S, Healy J, Hickson GRX, Sinnett D. CLIC5: a novel ETV6 target gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2016; 101:1534-1543. [PMID: 27540136 PMCID: PMC5479611 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.149740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common rearrangement in childhood precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the t(12;21)(p13;q22) translocation resulting in the ETV6-AML1 fusion gene. A frequent concomitant event is the loss of the residual ETV6 allele suggesting a critical role for the ETV6 transcriptional repressor in the etiology of this cancer. However, the precise mechanism through which loss of functional ETV6 contributes to disease pathogenesis is still unclear. To investigate the impact of ETV6 loss on the transcriptional network and to identify new transcriptional targets of ETV6, we used whole transcriptome analysis of both pre-B leukemic cell lines and patients combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation. Using this integrative approach, we identified 4 novel direct ETV6 target genes: CLIC5, BIRC7, ANGPTL2 and WBP1L To further evaluate the role of chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC5 in leukemogenesis, we generated cell lines overexpressing CLIC5 and demonstrated an increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. We further described the implications of CLIC5's ion channel activity in lysosomal-mediated cell death, possibly by modulating the function of the transferrin receptor with which it colocalizes intracellularly. For the first time, we showed that loss of ETV6 leads to significant overexpression of CLIC5, which in turn leads to decreased lysosome-mediated apoptosis. Our data suggest that heightened CLIC5 activity could promote a permissive environment for oxidative stress-induced DNA damage accumulation, and thereby contribute to leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neveu
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-François Spinella
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Molecular biology program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Karine Lagacé
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Simon Drouin
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jasmine Healy
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gilles R X Hickson
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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7
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Grausenburger R, Bastelberger S, Eckert C, Kauer M, Stanulla M, Frech C, Bauer E, Stoiber D, von Stackelberg A, Attarbaschi A, Haas OA, Panzer-Grümayer R. Genetic alterations in glucocorticoid signaling pathway components are associated with adverse prognosis in children with relapsed ETV6/RUNX1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:1163-73. [PMID: 26327566 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1088650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ETV6/RUNX1 gene fusion defines the largest genetic subgroup of childhood ALL with overall rapid treatment response. However, up to 15% of cases relapse. Because an impaired glucocorticoid pathway is implicated in disease recurrence we studied the impact of genetic alterations by SNP array analysis in 31 relapsed cases. In 58% of samples, we found deletions in various glucocorticoid signaling pathway-associated genes, but only NR3C1 and ETV6 deletions prevailed in minimal residual disease poor responding and subsequently relapsing cases (p<0.05). To prove the necessity of a functional glucocorticoid receptor, we reconstituted wild-type NR3C1 expression in mutant, glucocorticoid-resistant REH cells and studied the glucocorticoid response in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. While these results prove that glucocorticoid receptor defects are crucial for glucocorticoid resistance in an experimental setting, they do not address the essential clinical situation where glucocorticoid resistance at relapse is rather part of a global drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Grausenburger
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria
| | - Stephan Bastelberger
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria
| | - Cornelia Eckert
- b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology , Charité, Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany
| | - Maximilian Kauer
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria
| | - Martin Stanulla
- c Department of Pediatrics , University Hospital Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria
| | - Eva Bauer
- d Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research , Vienna , Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- d Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research , Vienna , Austria .,e Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria , and
| | - Arend von Stackelberg
- b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology , Charité, Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Oskar A Haas
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria .,f St. Anna Kinderspital, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Renate Panzer-Grümayer
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria
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8
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Noetzli L, Lo RW, Lee-Sherick AB, Callaghan M, Noris P, Savoia A, Rajpurkar M, Jones K, Gowan K, Balduini C, Pecci A, Gnan C, De Rocco D, Doubek M, Li L, Lu L, Leung R, Landolt-Marticorena C, Hunger S, Heller P, Gutierrez-Hartmann A, Xiayuan L, Pluthero FG, Rowley JW, Weyrich AS, Kahr WHA, Porter CC, Di Paola J. Germline mutations in ETV6 are associated with thrombocytopenia, red cell macrocytosis and predisposition to lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet 2015; 47:535-538. [PMID: 25807284 PMCID: PMC4631613 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some familial platelet disorders are associated with predisposition to leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or dyserythropoietic anemia. We identified a family with autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia, high erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and two occurrences of B cell-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Whole-exome sequencing identified a heterozygous single-nucleotide change in ETV6 (ets variant 6), c.641C>T, encoding a p.Pro214Leu substitution in the central domain, segregating with thrombocytopenia and elevated MCV. A screen of 23 families with similar phenotypes identified 2 with ETV6 mutations. One family also had a mutation encoding p.Pro214Leu and one individual with ALL. The other family had a c.1252A>G transition producing a p.Arg418Gly substitution in the DNA-binding domain, with alternative splicing and exon skipping. Functional characterization of these mutations showed aberrant cellular localization of mutant and endogenous ETV6, decreased transcriptional repression and altered megakaryocyte maturation. Our findings underscore a key role for ETV6 in platelet formation and leukemia predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Noetzli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (AMC), Aurora, Colorado, CO, USA
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard W. Lo
- Program in Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alisa B. Lee-Sherick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (AMC), Aurora, Colorado, CO, USA
| | - Michael Callaghan
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Patrizia Noris
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Savoia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health- IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Madhvi Rajpurkar
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katherine Gowan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlo Balduini
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pecci
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Gnan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health- IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniela De Rocco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health- IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michael Doubek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology/Oncology, University Hospital Brno, CZ
| | - Ling Li
- Program in Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lily Lu
- Program in Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Leung
- Program in Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolina Landolt-Marticorena
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Division of Rheumatology University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (AMC), Aurora, Colorado, CO, USA
| | - Paula Heller
- Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arthur Gutierrez-Hartmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado, AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Liang Xiayuan
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Fred G. Pluthero
- Program in Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jesse W. Rowley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Andrew S. Weyrich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Walter H. A. Kahr
- Program in Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher C. Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (AMC), Aurora, Colorado, CO, USA
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (AMC), Aurora, Colorado, CO, USA
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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9
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Rasighaemi P, Liongue C, Onnebo SMN, Ward AC. Functional analysis of truncated forms of ETV6. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:658-62. [PMID: 25850516 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara M N Onnebo
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. .,Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Rasighaemi P, Onnebo SMN, Liongue C, Ward AC. ETV6 (TEL1) regulates embryonic hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Haematologica 2014; 100:23-31. [PMID: 25281506 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.104091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations involving fusions of the human ETV6 (TEL1) gene occur frequently in hematologic malignancies. However, a detailed understanding of the normal function of ETV6 remains incomplete. This study has employed zebrafish as a relevant model to investigate the role of ETV6 during embryonic hematopoiesis. Zebrafish possessed a single conserved etv6 ortholog that was expressed from 12 hpf in the lateral plate mesoderm, and later in hematopoietic, vascular and other tissues. Morpholino-mediated gene knockdown of etv6 revealed the complex contribution of this gene toward embryonic hematopoiesis. During primitive hematopoiesis, etv6 knockdown resulted in reduced levels of progenitor cells, erythrocyte and macrophage populations, but increased numbers of incompletely differentiated heterophils. Definitive hematopoiesis was also perturbed, with etv6 knockdown leading to decreased erythrocytes and myeloid cells, but enhanced lymphopoiesis. This study suggests that ETV6 plays a broader and more complex role in early hematopoiesis than previously thought, impacting on the development of multiple lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rasighaemi
- School of Medicine, and Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong
| | - Sara M N Onnebo
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, and Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, and Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong
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11
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ETV6/RUNX1-positive relapses evolve from an ancestral clone and frequently acquire deletions of genes implicated in glucocorticoid signaling. Blood 2011; 117:2658-67. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-03-275347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Approximately 25% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias carry the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene. Despite their excellent initial treatment response, up to 20% of patients relapse. To gain insight into the relapse mechanisms, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism arrays for DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) in 18 matched diagnosis and relapse leukemias. CNAs were more abundant at relapse than at diagnosis (mean 12.5 vs 7.5 per case; P = .01) with 5.3 shared on average. Their patterns revealed a direct clonal relationship with exclusively new aberrations at relapse in only 21.4%, whereas 78.6% shared a common ancestor and subsequently acquired distinct CNA. Moreover, we identified recurrent, mainly nonoverlapping deletions associated with glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis targeting the Bcl2 modifying factor (BMF) (n = 3), glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 (n = 4), and components of the mismatch repair pathways (n = 3). Fluorescence in situ hybridization screening of additional 24 relapsed and 72 nonrelapsed ETV6/RUNX1-positive cases demonstrated that BMF deletions were significantly more common in relapse cases (16.6% vs 2.8%; P = .02). Unlike BMF deletions, which were always already present at diagnosis, NR3C1 and mismatch repair aberrations prevailed at relapse. They were all associated with leukemias, which poorly responded to treatment. These findings implicate glucocorticoid-associated drug resistance in ETV6/RUNX1-positive relapse pathogenesis and therefore might help to guide future therapies.
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12
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Chae H, Kim M, Lim J, Kim Y, Han K, Lee S. B lymphoblastic leukemia with ETV6 amplification. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2010; 203:284-7. [PMID: 21156245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia caused by ETV6 amplification. Although the cytogenetic result revealed complex karyotype, multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and high-resolution multicolor banding supported amplification of a gene on 12p13. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with ETV6 probe confirmed the amplification. ETV6 generally plays as tumor-suppressor gene in leukemia. Their expression is decreased or missed by deletion or mutation. Otherwise, ETV6 protein overexpression was verified in this case by immunohistochemistry. Any translocation or mutation involving ETV6 was not detected. This experience strongly supports the hypothesis that the amplification of ETV6 is a possible mechanism of leukeogenesis as oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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13
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Low-Level expression of ETV6/TEL in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Int J Hematol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03006934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Tsuzuki S, Karnan S, Horibe K, Matsumoto K, Kato K, Inukai T, Goi K, Sugita K, Nakazawa S, Kasugai Y, Ueda R, Seto M. Genetic abnormalities involved in t(12;21) TEL-AML1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia: analysis by means of array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:698-706. [PMID: 17374122 PMCID: PMC11159317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The TEL (ETV6)-AML1 (RUNX1) chimeric gene fusion is the most common genetic abnormality in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Evidence suggests that this chimeric gene fusion constitutes an initiating mutation that is necessary but insufficient for the development of leukemia. In a search for additional genetic events that could be linked to the development of leukemia, we applied a genome-wide array-comparative genomic hybridization technique to 24 TEL-AML1 leukemia samples and two cell lines. It was found that at least two chromosomal imbalances were involved in all samples. Recurrent regions of chromosomal imbalance (>10% of cases) and representative involved genes were gain of chromosomes 10 (17%) and 21q (25%; RUNX1) and loss of 12p13.2 (87%; TEL), 9p21.3 (29%; p16INK4a/ARF), 9p13.2 (25%; PAX5), 12q21.3 (25%; BTG1), 3p21 (21%; LIMD1), 6q21 (17%; AIM1 and BLIMP1), 4q31.23 (17%; NR3C2), 11q22-q23 (13%; ATM) and 19q13.11-q13.12 (13%; PDCD5). Enforced expression of TEL and to a lesser extent BTG1, both single genes known to be located in their respective minimum common region of loss, inhibited proliferation of the TEL-AML1 cell line Reh. Together, these findings suggest that some of the genes identified as lost by array-comparative genomic hybridization may partly account for the development of leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
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15
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Sabaawy HE, Azuma M, Embree LJ, Tsai HJ, Starost MF, Hickstein DD. TEL-AML1 transgenic zebrafish model of precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:15166-71. [PMID: 17015828 PMCID: PMC1622794 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603349103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal disease that evolves through the accrual of genetic rearrangements and/or mutations within the dominant clone. The TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1) fusion in precursor-B (pre-B) ALL is the most common genetic rearrangement in childhood cancer; however, the cellular origin and the molecular pathogenesis of TEL-AML1-induced leukemia have not been identified. To study the origin of TEL-AML1-induced ALL, we generated transgenic zebrafish expressing TEL-AML1 either ubiquitously or in lymphoid progenitors. TEL-AML1 expression in all lineages, but not lymphoid-restricted expression, led to progenitor cell expansion that evolved into oligoclonal B-lineage ALL in 3% of the transgenic zebrafish. This leukemia was transplantable to conditioned wild-type recipients. We demonstrate that TEL-AML1 induces a B cell differentiation arrest, and that leukemia development is associated with loss of TEL expression and elevated Bcl2/Bax ratio. The TEL-AML1 transgenic zebrafish models human pre-B ALL, identifies the molecular pathways associated with leukemia development, and serves as the foundation for subsequent genetic screens to identify modifiers and leukemia therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem E Sabaawy
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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16
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Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosrovani S, Spensberger D, de Knegt Y, Tang M, Löwenberg B, Delwel R. Somatic heterozygous mutations in ETV6 (TEL) and frequent absence of ETV6 protein in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2005; 24:4129-37. [PMID: 15806161 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2005] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ETV6 (ets translocation variant gene 6) TEL (translocation ets leukemia), encoding a transcriptional repressor, is involved in various translocations associated with human malignancies. Strikingly, the nonrearranged ETV6 allele is often deleted or inactivated in cells harboring these translocations. Although ETV6 translocations are infrequent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), mutations or deregulated expression of ETV6 may contribute to leukemogenesis. To investigate the involvement of ETV6 in AML, we analysed 300 newly diagnosed patients for mutations in the coding region of the gene. Furthermore, we studied protein expression in 77 patients using two ETV6-specific antibodies. Five somatic heterozygous mutations were detected, which affected either the homodimerization- or the DNA-binding domain of ETV6. The proteins translated from the cDNAs of these mutants were unable to repress transcription and showed dominant-negative effects. In addition, we demonstrate that one-third of AML patients have deficient ETV6 protein expression, which is not related to ETV6 mRNA expression levels. In conclusion, we demonstrate that ETV6 abnormalities are not restricted to translocations and occur more frequently in AML than previously thought. Additional comprehensive studies are required to define the clinical consequence of ETV6 loss of function in AML.
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17
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Abstract
Alterations of the ets family transcription factor ETV6 (TEL) and the RUNT domain transcription factor RUNX1 (AML1) play pivotal roles in the leukemogenesis of various types of leukemia. While only three fusion partners of RUNX1 namely ETO, ETV6 and MTG16 have been described so far, there is a plethora of ETV6 fusion partners with about 20 partners described so far. Apart from forming fusion genes there are other genetic alterations of ETV6 including deletions, point mutations and possible alterations at the promoter level that might contribute to the malignant phenotype. This review will focus on ETV6 and on the different mechanisms that are used by this gene to cause leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan K Bohlander
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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18
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Stams WAG, den Boer ML, Beverloo HB, Meijerink JPP, van Wering ER, Janka-Schaub GE, Pieters R. Expression levels of TEL, AML1, and the fusion products TEL-AML1 and AML1-TEL versus drug sensitivity and clinical outcome in t(12;21)-positive pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:2974-80. [PMID: 15837750 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE t(12;21)(p13; q22), present in approximately 25% of pediatric precursor B-ALL, is highly sensitivity to L-asparaginase and the prognosis depends on the intensity of the treatment protocol. This study analyzes the relationship between the mRNA expression of the genes and fusion products involved in t(12;21), in vitro sensitivity to prednisolone, vincristine, and L-asparaginase, and long-term clinical outcome in t(12;21)+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Long-term clinical outcome in 45 t(12;21)+ ALL patients was related to mRNA expression of TEL, AML1, TEL-AML1, and AML1-TEL, determined by real-time quantitative PCR, and the in vitro sensitivity to prednisolone, vincristine, and L-asparaginase, using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. RESULTS A significant approximately 3.5-fold lower TEL expression in t(12;21)+ compared with t(12;21)- ALL samples (P = 0.006) and normal controls (P = 0.004) was found. Expression of AML1 did not differ between t(12;21)+ and t(12;21)- ALL. However, AML1 expression in the leukemic cells was 2-fold higher compared with normal controls (P = 0.02). The TEL-AML1 fusion product was expressed in all t(12;21)+ cases, whereas the reciprocal fusion product AML1-TEL was expressed in only 76%. High expression levels of TEL-AML1 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.10-1.57; P = 0.003], AML1-TEL (HR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.99-12.40; P = 0.001) and AML1 (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.03-1.22; P = 0.006) were associated with a poor long-term clinical outcome within t(12;21)+ ALL. Cellular drug resistance towards prednisolone, vincristine, and L-asparaginase could not explain this predictive value. Multivariate analysis including age and WBC showed that only high AML1-TEL expression is an independent poor prognostic factor in t(12;21)+ childhood ALL. CONCLUSION High AML1-TEL expression is an independent poor prognostic factor in t(12;21)+ childhood ALL.
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MESH Headings
- Asparaginase/pharmacology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Child
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Disease-Free Survival
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Prednisolone/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
- Vincristine/pharmacology
- ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A G Stams
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Timson G, Gutiérrez MI, Bhatia K. Quantitative expression of TEL in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Biol Markers 2004; 19:328-31. [PMID: 15646841 DOI: 10.1177/172460080401900412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 12p in human precursor B-cell ALL invariably results in loss of TEL coding sequences. Accompanied by a 12;21 translocation, such loss of heterozygosity ensures complete loss of the wild-type TEL. No inactivating mutations of the retained TEL allele have been reported in leukemias with hemizygous deletion. However, only minimal data reported the expression of the wild-type TEL in ALL. We now demonstrate that quantitative real-time RT-PCR from leukemic RNA samples could be indicative of compromised TEL expression in childhood ALL and therefore loss of TEL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Timson
- King Fahad National Centre for Children's Cancer and Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Montpetit A, Larose J, Boily G, Langlois S, Trudel N, Sinnett D. Mutational and expression analysis of the chromosome 12p candidate tumor suppressor genes in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2004; 18:1499-504. [PMID: 15284860 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Allelic losses on chromosome 12p12-13 are associated with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and several solid neoplasias, suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor locus. The recent construction of a transcription map of this locus has enabled the identification of eight genes, of which five were previously known: ETV6, BCL-G, LRP6, MKP-7, and CDKN1B. The three other candidate genes, LOH12CR1, LOH12CR2, and LOH12CR3, have no known functions. To evaluate whether one (or more) of the candidate genes is the actual target of the 12p12-13 deletions, we examined the genomics and the expression status of these genes in ALL patients. Although we found nine DNA variants in these genes, no inactivating mutations were found in the leukemia cells of patients with 12p hemizygous deletions. Expression analysis revealed that most 12p hemizygously deleted samples also carried a t(12;21) translocation, of which none expressed ETV6 from the nontranslocated allele. Furthermore, we observed one case of t(12;21) without deletion of ETV6, in which the expression of this gene was greatly reduced, indicating a different mechanism of inactivation. None of the other genes showed a significant decrease in expression, suggesting that ETV6 is indeed the target of deletions in ALL patients.
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MESH Headings
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Mutation/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- A Montpetit
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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21
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Woenckhaus C, Fenic I, Giebel J, Hauser S, Failing K, Woenckhaus J, Dittberner T, Poetsch M. Loss of heterozygosity at 12p13 and loss of p27KIP1 protein expression contribute to melanoma progression. Virchows Arch 2004; 445:491-7. [PMID: 15205952 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-004-1049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Accepted: 05/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms causing p27KIP1 decrease in melanomas. Therefore, we performed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis with polymerase chain reaction at seven different loci surrounding the p27KIP1/CDKN1B gene at 12p13 and direct DNA sequencing analysis of all exons. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical expression of p27KIP1 and Ki-67 was investigated. Only two mutations in the sequence of p27KIP1/CDKN1B were detected, but the number of tumours showing LOH at 12p13 increased significantly with the parameters of tumour progression (pT level, P=0.018; Breslow index, P=0.01; Clark level, P<0.001), with a more aggressive tumour growth (radial versus vertical growth, P=0.018) and tumour subtype (superficial spreading melanomas versus nodular melanomas versus metastases, P<0.001). p27KIP1 protein expression decreased with the Clark level ( P=0.026) and the pT level ( P=0.045). No correlation between LOH affecting 12p13 and p27KIP1 protein decrease in melanomas was stated. This does not exclude the participation of p27KIP1/CDKN1B in p27KIP1 protein decrease, since protein expression is regulated at various cellular levels; but it could also suggest that other tumour suppressors are situated in the same region as p27KIP1/CDKN1B. Taken together, our data shows that loss of p27KIP1 protein expression and LOH at 12p13 contribute to tumour progression in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Woenckhaus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Fr. Loeffler Strasse 23e, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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22
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Broadfield ZJ, Hain RDW, Harrison CJ, Reza Jalali G, McKinley M, Michalová K, Robinson HM, Zemanová Z, Martineau M. Complex chromosomal abnormalities in utero
, 5 years before leukaemia*. Br J Haematol 2004; 126:307-12. [PMID: 15257702 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal acquisition of leukaemia-associated gene rearrangements is a well-established phenomenon. This is the first report of a complex cytogenetic clone, in association with an ETV6/AML1 fusion, developing in utero. Identical twin girls, aged 4 years, developed ETV6/AML1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) within 3 months of one another. Both demonstrated an identical four way, variant t(12;21). There was gain of an AML1 signal in twin 1 and loss of an ETV6 one in twin 2 at interphase. This unique case study demonstrates that ETV6/AML1 fusion and the associated complex chromosomal rearrangements occurred in utero. Clonal expansion of the abnormal cell in one twin was followed by metastasis to the other. There was a prolonged preleukaemic phase, which lasted well into childhood. The short time between the two diagnoses of ALL suggests a common precipitating event. The significance of the different secondary markers remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë J Broadfield
- Leukaemia Research Fund Cytogenetics Group, Cancer Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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23
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van der Burg M, Poulsen TS, Hunger SP, Beverloo HB, Smit EME, Vang-Nielsen K, Langerak AW, van Dongen JJM. Split-signal FISH for detection of chromosome aberrations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2004; 18:895-908. [PMID: 15042105 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2003] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome aberrations are frequently observed in precursor-B-acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL). These translocations can form leukemia-specific chimeric fusion proteins or they can deregulate expression of an (onco)gene, resulting in aberrant expression or overexpression. Detection of chromosome aberrations is an important tool for risk classification. We developed rapid and sensitive split-signal fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assays for six of the most frequent chromosome aberrations in precursor-B-ALL and T-ALL. The split-signal FISH approach uses two differentially labeled probes, located in one gene at opposite sites of the breakpoint region. Probe sets were developed for the genes TCF3 (E2A) at 19p13, MLL at 11q23, ETV6 at 12p13, BCR at 22q11, SIL-TAL1 at 1q32 and TLX3 (HOX11L2) at 5q35. In normal karyotypes, two colocalized green/red signals are visible, but a translocation results in a split of one of the colocalized signals. Split-signal FISH has three main advantages over the classical fusion-signal FISH approach, which uses two labeled probes located in two genes. First, the detection of a chromosome aberration is independent of the involved partner gene. Second, split-signal FISH allows the identification of the partner gene or chromosome region if metaphase spreads are present, and finally it reduces false-positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Rawat VPS, Cusan M, Deshpande A, Hiddemann W, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Humphries RK, Bohlander SK, Feuring-Buske M, Buske C. Ectopic expression of the homeobox gene Cdx2 is the transforming event in a mouse model of t(12;13)(p13;q12) acute myeloid leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:817-22. [PMID: 14718672 PMCID: PMC321764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0305555101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Creation of fusion genes by balanced chromosomal translocations is one of the hallmarks of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is considered one of the key leukemogenic events in this disease. In t(12;13)(p13;q12) AML, ectopic expression of the homeobox gene CDX2 was detected in addition to expression of the ETV6-CDX2 fusion gene, generated by the chromosomal translocation. Here we show in a murine model of t(12;13)(p13;q12) AML that myeloid leukemogenesis is induced by the ectopic expression of CDX2 and not by the ETV6-CDX2 chimeric gene. Mice transplanted with bone marrow cells retrovirally engineered to express Cdx2 rapidly succumbed to fatal and transplantable AML. The transforming capacity of Cdx2 depended on an intact homeodomain and the N-terminal transactivation domain. Transplantation of bone marrow cells expressing ETV6-CDX2 failed to induce leukemia. Furthermore, coexpression of ETV6-CDX2 and Cdx2 in bone marrow cells did not accelerate the course of disease in transplanted mice compared to Cdx2 alone. These data demonstrate that activation of a protooncogene by a balanced chromosomal translocation can be the pivotal leukemogenic event in AML, characterized by the expression of a leukemia-specific fusion gene. Furthermore, these findings link protooncogene activation to myeloid leukemogenesis, an oncogenic mechanism so far associated mainly with lymphoid leukemias and lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- CDX2 Transcription Factor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Homeobox
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Trans-Activators
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay P S Rawat
- GSF-Clinical Cooperative Group Leukemia and Department of Medicine III, Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
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