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Chen YJ, Yuan Y, Peng L, Dong XY, Xu YD, Wang Y, Yang YQ. Effects of increasing sensitizing doses of ovalbumin on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1225. [PMID: 38533918 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dosage of ovalbumin (OVA) during the sensitization stage is considered a crucial factor in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). However, the inconsistent dosages of sensitizing OVA used in current studies and the lack of research on their impact on AHR are notable limitations. METHODS We examined the impact of increasing sensitizing doses of OVA in a murine asthma model, which entailed initial sensitization with OVA followed by repeated exposure to OVA aerosols. BALB/c mice were primed with doses of OVA (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg) plus 1 mg Alum on Days 0 and 7, and were challenged with OVA aerosols (10 mg/mL for 30 min) between Days 14 and 17. Antigen-induced AHR to methacholine (MCh), as well as histological changes, eosinophilic infiltration, and epithelial injury were assessed. RESULTS The result indicated that there are striking OVA dose-related differences in antigen-induced AHR to MCh. The most intense antigen-induced AHR to MCh was observed with sensitization at 50 μg, while weaker responses were seen at 10, 20, and 100 μg. Meanwhile, there was a significant increase in eosinophil count with sensitization at 50 μg. The changes of AHR were correlated with total cells count, lymphocytes count, eosinophils count, and basophils count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; however, it did not correlate with histological changes such as cellular infiltration into bronchovascular bundles and goblet cell hyperplasia of the bronchial epithelium. CONCLUSION Overall, this study demonstrated that sensitization with 50 μg of OVA resulted in the most significant AHR compared to other dosages. These findings may offer valuable insights for future research on mouse asthma modeling protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jiao Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Deparment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lu Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Dong Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qing Yang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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2
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Shan Y, Wu J, Dai X, Yuan C, Jiang J, Yan H, Tang L, Dong Y, Ren L, Pan Q, Ji J, Zhao X. Jiangqi Pingxiao formula regulates dendritic cell apoptosis in an autophagy-dependent manner through the AMPK/mTOR pathway in a murine model of OVA-induced asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117405. [PMID: 37952734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Allergic asthma is a recurring respiratory condition that typically manifests during childhood or adolescence. It is characterized by a dominant type II immune response triggered by the identification and capturing of inhaled allergens by dendritic cells (DCs). Jiangqi Pingxiao Formula (JQPXF), a prescription medicine used for the treatment of pediatric asthma, has been clinically proven to be both safe and effective. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of asthma has not been fully been fully elucidated. Recent research suggests that several natural compounds have the potential to target dendritic cells (DCs) and alleviate ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma, which may also be found within JQPXF. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the effect of JQPXF on OVA-induced asthma model and its molecular mechanism targeting DCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main constituents of JQPXF were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). An asthma model was established by OVA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and measurement of respiratory function was used to evaluate the treatment effect of JQPXF on asthmatic mice. Cytokine (IL-5, IL-13 and IgE) concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration (T helper 2 cells and DCs) in vivo and DC survival in vivo and vitro. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to verify the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The results suggest that JQPXF can ameliorate pathological conditions and improve lung function in asthmatic mice, as well as the Th2 cells. Treatment with JQPXF significantly reduced the number of DCs and increased the number of Propidium iodide+ (PI) DCs. Furthermore, JQPXF upregulated protein levels of the pro-apoptotic factors Cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax, while downregulating the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Simultaneously, JQPXF increased autophagy levels by facilitating p62 degradation and promoting translation from LC3B I to LC3B II of DCs in vitro, as well as reducing the integrated optical density (IOD) of p62 within the CD11c-positive area in the lung. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was used to block autophagic flux and the apoptotic effect of JQPXF on DCs was abolished in vitro, with the number of DCs decreased by JQPXF being reversed in vivo. We further investigated the upstream key regulator of autophagy, the AMPK/mTOR pathway, and found that JQPXF increased AMPK phosphorylation while decreasing mTOR phosphorylation levels. Additionally, we employed Compound C (CC) as an AMPK inhibitor to inhibit this signaling pathway, and our findings revealed that both autophagic flux and apoptotic levels in DCs were abolished in vitro. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have demonstrated that JQPXF could alleviate type II inflammation in an asthmatic model by promoting the apoptosis of DCs through an autophagy-dependent mechanism, achieved by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Shan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiabao Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohan Dai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingmei Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lishun Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Heldner A, Alessandrini F, Russkamp D, Heine S, Schnautz B, Chaker A, Mwange J, Carreno Velazquez TL, Heath MD, Skinner MA, Kramer MF, Zissler UM, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Blank S. Immunological effects of adjuvanted low-dose allergoid allergen-specific immunotherapy in experimental murine house dust mite allergy. Allergy 2022; 77:907-919. [PMID: 34287971 DOI: 10.1111/all.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Native allergen extracts or chemically modified allergoids are routinely used to induce allergen tolerance in allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), although mechanistic side-by-side studies are rare. It is paramount to balance optimal dose and allergenicity to achieve efficacy warranting safety. AIT safety and efficacy could be addressed by allergen dose reduction and/or use of allergoids and immunostimulatory adjuvants, respectively. In this study, immunological effects of experimental house dust mite (HDM) AIT were investigated applying high-dose HDM extract and low-dose HDM allergoids with and without the adjuvants microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT) and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) in a murine model of HDM allergy. METHODS Cellular, humoral, and clinical effects of the different AIT strategies were assessed applying a new experimental AIT model of murine allergic asthma based on physiological, adjuvant-free intranasal sensitization followed by subcutaneous AIT. RESULTS While low-dose allergoid and high-dose extract AIT demonstrated comparable potency to suppress allergic airway inflammation and Th2-type cytokine secretion of lung-resident lymphocytes and draining lymph node cells, low-dose allergoid AIT was less effective in inducing a potentially protective IgG1 response. Combining low-dose allergoid AIT with MCT or MCT and dose-adjusted MPL promoted Th1-inducing mechanisms and robust B-cell activation counterbalancing the allergic Th2 immune response. CONCLUSION Low allergen doses induce cellular and humoral mechanisms counteracting Th2-driven inflammation by using allergoids and dose-adjusted adjuvants. In light of safety and efficacy improvement, future therapeutic approaches may use low-dose allergoid strategies to drive cellular tolerance and adjuvants to modulate humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heldner
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Francesca Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Dennis Russkamp
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Sonja Heine
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Benjamin Schnautz
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Adam Chaker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Klinikum rechts der Isar Faculty of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthias F. Kramer
- Allergy Therapeutic PLC. Worthing UK
- Bencard Allergie GmbH Munich Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
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Chao CL, Wang CJ, Huang HW, Kuo HP, Su MH, Lin HC, Teng CW, Sy LB, Wu WM. Poria cocos Modulates Th1/Th2 Response and Attenuates Airway Inflammation in an Ovalbumin-Sensitized Mouse Allergic Asthma Model. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050372. [PMID: 33919400 PMCID: PMC8143325 DOI: 10.3390/life11050372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos, called fuling, is a famous tonic in traditional Chinese medicine that reportedly possesses various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammation and immunomodulation. However, few studies have investigated the effects of P. cocos on allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma. Allergic asthma is caused primarily by Th2 immune response and characterized by airway inflammation. This study first demonstrated the anti-allergic and anti-asthmatic effects of P. cocos extract (Lipucan®). P. cocos extract distinctly exhibited reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the peribronchial and peribronchiolar regions compared to the asthma group in the histological analysis of pulmonary tissue sections. Prolonged P. cocos extract administration significantly reduced eosinophil infiltration, PGE2 levels, total IgE, and OVA-specific IgE. Moreover, P. cocos extract markedly suppressed Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. On the other hand, P. cocos extract significantly elevated IL-2 secretion by Th1 immune response. In addition, P. cocos extract elevated the IFN-γ level at a lower dose. We also observed that P. cocos extract increased the activity of NK cells. Our results suggest that P. cocos extract remodels the intrinsic Th1/Th2 response to prevent or alleviate allergy-induced asthma or symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Chao
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-J.W.); (H.-W.H.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-H.S.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Chao-Jih Wang
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-J.W.); (H.-W.H.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-H.S.); (H.-C.L.)
- Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Hsin-Wen Huang
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-J.W.); (H.-W.H.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-H.S.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Han-Peng Kuo
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-J.W.); (H.-W.H.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-H.S.); (H.-C.L.)
- SynCore Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwan Su
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-J.W.); (H.-W.H.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-H.S.); (H.-C.L.)
- SynCore Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Hang-Ching Lin
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-J.W.); (H.-W.H.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-H.S.); (H.-C.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Teng
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang 24205, Taiwan;
| | | | - Wen-Mein Wu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang 24205, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2905-3633
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Kim J, Oh J, Kang CS, Choi YS. Virus-like Particle (VLP) Mediated Antigen Delivery as a Sensitization Tool of Experimental Allergy Mouse Models. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e35. [PMID: 32895622 PMCID: PMC7458801 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen delivery systems play critical roles in determining the quality and quantity of Ab responses in vivo. Induction of protective antibodies by B cells is essential in the development of vaccines against infectious pathogens, whereas production of IgE antibodies is prerequisite for investigation of allergic responses, or type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are efficient platforms for expression of proteins of interest in highly repetitive manners, which grants strong Ab responses to target antigens. Here, we report that delivery of hen egg lysozyme (HEL), a model allergen, through VLP could provoke strong HEL specific IgE Ab responses in mice. Moreover, acute allergic responses were robustly induced in the mice sensitized with VLPs that express HEL, when challenged with recombinant HEL protein. Our data show that antigen delivery in the context of VLPs could function as a platform for sensitization of mice and for subsequent examination of allergic reactions to molecules of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jeein Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chon-Sik Kang
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Transplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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6
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Lee KI, Bae JS, Kim EH, Kim JH, Lyu L, Chung YJ, Mo JH. Strain-Specific Differences in House Dust Mite (Dermatophagoides farinae)-Induced Mouse Models of Allergic Rhinitis. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 13:396-406. [PMID: 32407614 PMCID: PMC7669312 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2019.01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Limited information is available regarding strain-related differences in mouse models of allergic rhinitis induced by Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f1). In this study, we compared differences between two mouse strains and determined the optimal dose of Der f1 for allergic rhinitis mouse models. Methods. Forty-eight mice were assigned to the following six groups (n=8 per group): group A (control, BALB/c), group B (Der f1-sensitized BALB/c, 25 µg), group C (Der f1-sensitized BALB/c, 100 µg), group D (control, C57BL/6), group E (Der f1-sensitized C57BL/6, 25 µg), and group F (Der f1-sensitized C57BL/6, 100 µg). Allergic inflammation was induced with Der f1 and alum sensitization, followed by an intranasal challenge with Der f1. Rubbing and sneezing scores, eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration, and immunoglobulin, cytokine, and chemokine levels in the nasal mucosa and from splenocyte cultures were assessed. Results. Rubbing and sneezing scores were higher in groups B, C, E, and F than in groups A and D, with a similar pattern in both strains (i.e., group B vs. E and group C vs. F). Serum immunoglobulin levels were significantly elevated compared to the control in groups B and C, but not in groups E and F. Eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration increased (all P<0.05) after the Der f1 challenge (groups B, C, E, and F) compared to the control (groups A and D) in both the BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains, without any significant difference between the two strains (group A vs. D, group B vs. E, and group C vs. F) (P>0.05). BALB/c mice (group B) showed a greater elevation of splenic interleukin (IL)-4 (P<0.01), IL-5 (P<0.01), and IL-6 levels (P<0.05) and nasal IL-4 mRNA levels (P<0.001) than the C57BL/6 mice (group E). Interestingly, mice treated with 100 µg Der f1 showed a weaker allergic response than those treated with 25 µg. Conclusion. We found 25 µg to be a more appropriate dose for Der f1 sensitization. BALB/c mice are more biased toward a Th2 response and are a more suitable model for allergic rhinitis than C57BL/6 mice. This study provides information on the appropriate choice of a mouse model for allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Il Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Lele Lyu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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7
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Chiang SR, Lin CY, Chen DY, Tsai HF, Lin XC, Hsu TC, Tzang BS. The effects of human parvovirus VP1 unique region in a mouse model of allergic asthma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216799. [PMID: 31086415 PMCID: PMC6516678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has indicated that viral infection increases the risk of developing asthma. Although the association of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) or human bocavirus (HBoV) with respiratory diseases has been reported, little is known about the influence of the B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u proteins on the symptoms of asthma. Herein, we investigated the systemic influence of subcutaneously injected B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u recombinant proteins in an OVA-sensitized asthmatic mouse model. A significantly higher Penh ratio and IgE level were detected in the serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the supernatant of a lymphocyte culture from mice treated with HBoV-VP1u or B19V-VP1u than in a lymphocyte culture from OVA-sensitized mice. Significantly higher levels of serum and BALF IgE, total IgG, IgG1, OVA-specific IgE and OVA-specific IgG1 were detected in mice treated with HBoV-VP1u or B19V-VP1u than in OVA-sensitized mice. Conversely, a significantly lower IgG2a level was detected in mice from the HBoV-VP1u or B19V-VP1u groups than in mice from the OVA group. The mice treated with HBoV-VP1u or B19V-VP1u exhibited more significant lung inflammatory indices, including elevated serum and BALF IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels; BALF lymphocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil counts, MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity; and the amount of lymphocyte infiltration, relative to those in the control mice or in those sensitized with OVA. These findings demonstrate that the subcutaneous injection of HBoV-VP1u or B19V-VP1u proteins in OVA-sensitized mice result in elevated asthmatic indices and suggest that human parvoviruses may increase the risk of developing airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Ren Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of General Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Yun Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Xin-Ci Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail: (BST); (TCH)
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail: (BST); (TCH)
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8
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Yu J, Tang Y, Xu J. Effects of indoor coal fine particulate matter on the expression levels of inflammatory factors in ovalbumin-induced mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:57-66. [PMID: 30713661 PMCID: PMC6334494 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00221e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cooking and heating with coal is the main source of household air pollution in acid rain-plagued areas of China and is a leading contributor to disease burden. In this study, we investigated the adverse effects of exposure to indoor fine particulate matter emission from coal combustion on the expression levels of inflammatory factors in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice. Methods: Forty BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into four groups (control group, PM2.5 group, OVA group, and OVA + PM2.5 group; n = 10) and treated with ovalbumin (OVA) or PM2.5, alone or together. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-17 (IL-17), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) protein expression levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Additionally, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) IgE and IgG1 levels were measured. The mRNA expression levels of IL-7 and IFN-γ in pulmonary tissue were also analyzed. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), inflammatory cell counts, and histopathological examinations were also performed. Results: Exposure to PM2.5 + OVA induced abnormal pathological changes and inflammatory responses in lungs compared to the control. The levels of IL-4, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-17 in BALF from the OVA + PM2.5 group were higher than those in BALF from the control group, OVA group, and PM2.5 group (P < 0.05). PM2.5 plus OVA significantly raised the serum IgE and IgG1 levels compared with the control group. An increasing IL-7 mRNA trend was found among the treatment groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of IFN-γ mRNA was significantly higher in the control group than in the other 3 groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Indoor coal PM2.5 was sufficient by itself to cause inflammatory cellular infiltration of pulmonary tissue, leading to organelle injury and physiological structure change. Additionally, it promoted the occurrence and development of asthma by influencing the expression levels of IL-7 and various relevant inflammatory factors (such as IL-4 and IL-8) and changing the equilibrium between Treg and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- School of Public Health , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou 563099 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86851-28642732
| | - Yin Tang
- School of Public Health , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou 563099 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86851-28642732
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou 563099 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86851-28642732
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9
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Roberts G, Boyle R, Crane J, Hogan SP, Saglani S, Wickman M, Woodfolk JA. Developments in the field of allergy in 2016 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1512-1525. [PMID: 29068551 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we described the development in the field of allergy as described by Clinical and Experimental Allergy in 2016. Experimental models of allergic disease, basic mechanisms, clinical mechanisms, allergens, asthma and rhinitis, and clinical allergy are all covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roberts
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - R Boyle
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Saglani
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Wickman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J A Woodfolk
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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10
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Furuhashi K, Chua YL, Wong KHS, Zhou Q, Lee DCP, Liong KH, Teo GH, Hutchinson PE, Kemeny DM. Priming with high and low respiratory allergen dose induces differential CD4 + T helper type 2 cells and IgE/IgG1 antibody responses in mice. Immunology 2017; 151:227-238. [PMID: 28190273 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization of allergic patients normally takes place over several years and is the result of repeated exposure to low levels of allergen. Most mouse asthma models use a high dose of allergen administered over a short period. We have investigated the role of dose in the immune response to an inhaled respiratory allergen (Blomia tropicalis). We observed the effect of priming dose on the allergic response in mice intranasally immunized with low (0·5 μg) and high (50 μg) doses of B. tropicalis extract and killed 1 day after the last challenge. For both doses of allergen, T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and Th2 cytokines were evident as well as eosinophilic inflammation accompanied by mucus hyper-secretion. By contrast, IgE and IgG1 antibody responses were normally only detected at high-dose priming. To investigate the mechanism for these effects, we found group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were increased 48 hr after challenge in the low-dose-treated but not the high-dose-treated mice. Furthermore, we determined whether repeated low-dose exposure with different priming protocols could induce an antibody response. Repeated low-dose exposure to 0·5 μg three times weekly for 4 weeks (cumulative 6 μg) had the same effect as a shorter high-dose exposure (cumulative 80 μg) and increasing cumulative dose induced antibody responses. These data indicate that low doses of allergen are sufficient to prime Th2 cells and ILC2s, but insufficient to induce antibody responses. Cumulative exposure to small amounts of allergen induces both Th2 and antibody responses and may better reflect natural sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Furuhashi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - Yen L Chua
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - Kenneth H S Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - Debbie C P Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - Ka H Liong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - Guo H Teo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - Paul E Hutchinson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - David M Kemeny
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore city, Singapore
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11
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Hirai T, Yoshioka Y, Takahashi H, Handa T, Izumi N, Mori T, Uemura E, Nishijima N, Sagami K, Yamaguchi M, Eto S, Nagano K, Kamada H, Tsunoda S, Ishii KJ, Higashisaka K, Tsutsumi Y. High-dose cutaneous exposure to mite allergen induces IgG-mediated protection against anaphylaxis. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:992-1003. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Hirai
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Y. Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
- Vaccine Creation Project; BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
- BIKEN Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
- Vaccine Creation Project; BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - T. Handa
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - N. Izumi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - T. Mori
- Laboratory of Innovative Antibody Engineering and Design; Center for Drug Innovation and Screening; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation; Health and Nutrition; Osaka Japan
| | - E. Uemura
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - N. Nishijima
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - K. Sagami
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - M. Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - S. Eto
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - K. Nagano
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation; Health and Nutrition; Osaka Japan
| | - H. Kamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation; Health and Nutrition; Osaka Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - S. Tsunoda
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation; Health and Nutrition; Osaka Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - K. J. Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation; Health and Nutrition; Osaka Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science; Immunology Frontier Research Center; World Premier International Research Center; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - K. Higashisaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Y. Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
- Laboratory of Innovative Antibody Engineering and Design; Center for Drug Innovation and Screening; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation; Health and Nutrition; Osaka Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ocular allergy is an IgE-mediated disease that results in inflammation of the conjunctiva and, in more severe cases, the cornea. This is driven by an immediate hypersensitivity response via mast cells, followed by a late phase response mediated by eosinophils both of which are indeed dependent on T helper (Th) lymphocyte activity. Here, we provide an update on Th subsets [Th1, Th2, Th17, and T regulatory (Treg)] and their relevance in ocular allergy. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence in ocular allergy points to an involvement of other Th subsets, in addition to Th2. However, how these subsets are activated and their role in mediating the different clinical forms is poorly understood. Novel mouse models may facilitate addressing such unknowns, and future challenges will involve how to translate such findings into more effective and 'patho-specific' treatments. SUMMARY Ocular allergy, especially in severe forms, involves subsets other than Th2. Th1 cells have been detected in mild and severe forms, and recent evidence points to a possible role for IL-17 in severe disease. Tregs, on the other hand, dampen pathogenic Th cell function and allergy immunotherapy is associated with Treg augmentation in disease management. Further understanding of Th biology is warranted and may lead to better therapies.
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13
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Pompano RR, Chen J, Verbus EA, Han H, Fridman A, McNeely T, Collier JH, Chong AS. Titrating T-cell epitopes within self-assembled vaccines optimizes CD4+ helper T cell and antibody outputs. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1898-908. [PMID: 24923735 PMCID: PMC4227912 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epitope content plays a critical role in determining T-cell and antibody responses to vaccines, biomaterials, and protein therapeutics, but its effects are nonlinear and difficult to isolate. Here, molecular self-assembly is used to build a vaccine with precise control over epitope content, in order to finely tune the magnitude and phenotype of T helper and antibody responses. Self-adjuvanting peptide nanofibers are formed by co-assembling a high-affinity universal CD4+ T-cell epitope (PADRE) and a B-cell epitope from Staphylococcus aureus at specifiable concentrations. Increasing the PADRE concentration from micromolar to millimolar elicited bell-shaped dose-responses that are unique to different T-cell populations. Notably, the epitope ratios that maximize T follicular helper and antibody responses differed by an order of magnitude from those that maximized Th1 or Th2 responses. Thus, modular materials assembly provides a means of controlling epitope content and efficiently skewing the adaptive immune response in the absence of exogenous adjuvant; this approach may contribute to the development of improved vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Emily A. Verbus
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Huifang Han
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | | | - Joel H. Collier
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5032, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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14
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Raker V, Stein J, Montermann E, Maxeiner J, Taube C, Reske-Kunz AB, Sudowe S. Regulation of IgE production and airway reactivity by CD4⁻CD8⁻ regulatory T cells. Immunobiology 2014; 220:490-9. [PMID: 25468560 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of tolerance induction occurring in the course of allergen-specific immunotherapy have not been elucidated in full detail. Our study aimed to characterize high zone tolerance in mouse models of type I allergy and of allergic airway inflammation induced by subcutaneous sensitization of mice with high doses of the model allergen ovalbumin (OVA) without the use of adjuvant. Mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection of high doses (HD) of OVA or, for comparison, low doses (LD) of OVA in saline. HD-mice showed lower specific IgE, but augmented IgG in sera than LD-mice. Pre-treatment of mice with HD-OVA antigen-specifically inhibited IgE production subsequently induced by LD-OVA. OVA-restimulated splenocytes from HD-mice revealed hypoproliferation and impaired production of Th2-associated cytokines. HD-mice exhibited lower airway reactivity, goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus production, as well as IL-5 and IL-13 production in the lungs than LD-mice following local provocation. Recruitment of inflammatory cells into the airways was comparable, while the number of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage was substantially higher in HD-mice. Adoptive transfer of dnTC from HD-mice into naïve mice, which were subsequently sensitized with LD-OVA, suppressed IgE production in the recipients. The number of dnTC was higher in the spleens of HD-mice than LD-mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that subcutaneous sensitization of mice with high doses of allergen in the absence of adjuvant results in attenuated airway reactivity as compared with LD-sensitization and induces CD4(-)CD8(-) dnTC with regulatory function on IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Raker
- Clinical Research Unit Allergology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Judith Stein
- Clinical Research Unit Allergology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Evelyn Montermann
- Clinical Research Unit Allergology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Maxeiner
- Asthma Core Facility, I. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- University Leiden Medical Center, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika B Reske-Kunz
- Clinical Research Unit Allergology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Sudowe
- Clinical Research Unit Allergology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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15
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Fu Z. T lymphocyte antigen 4-modified dendritic cell therapy for asthmatic mice guided by the CCR7 chemokine receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15304-19. [PMID: 25177863 PMCID: PMC4200745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD80/CD86-CD28 axis is a critical pathway for immuno-corrective therapy, and the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a promising immunosuppressor targeting the CD80/CD86-CD28 axis; however, its use for asthma therapy needs further optimization. A human CTLA4 fused with the IgCγ Fc (CTLA4Ig) and mouse CC chemokine receptor type7 (CCR7) coding sequences were inserted into a recombinant adenovirus (rAdV) vector to generate rAdV-CTLA4Ig and rAdV-CCR7. The naive dendritic cells (DCs) were infected with these rAdVs to ensure CCR7 and CTLA4Ig expression. The therapeutic effects of modified DCs were evaluated. rAdV-CTLA4Ig and rAdV-CCR7 infected DCs improved all asthma symptoms. Inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine analysis showed that rAdV-CTLA4Ig and rAdV-CCR7-modified DC therapy reduced the number of eosinophils and lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltration in the lung. Interestingly, assessment of the humoral immunity showed that the IL-4 and IFNγ levels of the rAdV-CTLA4Ig and rAdV-CCR7-modified DC-treated mice decreased significantly and did not reverse the Th1/Th2 balance. DCs expressing CCR7 displayed guidance ability for DC migration, primarily for DCs in the inflammatory lung. Additionally, the rAdVs caused an inflammatory response by inducing DC differentiation, inflammatory cell infiltration and changes in cytokines; however, mice transplanted with rAdV-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-infected DCs displayed no asthma manifestations. In conclusion, CTLA4Ig-modified DCs exhibited a therapeutic effect on asthma, and CCR7 may guide DC homing. The combination of these two molecules may be a model for precision-guided immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Yongming Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China.
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China.
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16
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Lee HS, Schlereth S, Khandelwal P, Saban DR. Ocular allergy modulation to hi-dose antigen sensitization is a Treg-dependent process. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75769. [PMID: 24086630 PMCID: PMC3785421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A reproducible method to inhibit allergic immune responses is accomplished with hi-dose Ag sensitization, via intraperitoneal (IP) injection. However, the role of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Treg) in this process is unknown, as is whether such modulation extends to ocular allergy. We therefore determined herein whether hi-dose sensitization modulates ocular allergy, and whether CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg are involved. C57BL/6 mice were IP sensitized via low-dose (100 µg) versus hi-dose (1000 µg) ovalbumin (OVA), in aluminum hydroxide (1 mg) and pertussis-toxin (300 ng). Other mice received anti-CD25 Ab (PC61) to ablate Treg during sensitization. In another experiment, Treg from hi-dose sensitized mice were adoptively transferred into low-dose sensitized mice. Once daily OVA challenges were administered. Clinical signs, IgE, T cell cytokines, and eosinophils were assessed. Data revealed that hi-dose, but not low-dose, sensitization led to allergy modulation, indicated by decreased clinical signs, serum IgE levels, Th2 recall responses, and eosinophil recruitment. T cells from hi-dose sensitized mice showed a robust increase in TGF-b production, and Treg from these mice were able to efficiently suppress effector T cell proliferation in vitro. In addition, in vivo Treg ablation in hi-dose sensitized mice revoked allergy modulation. Lastly, Treg from hi-dose sensitized mice were able to adoptively transfer allergy modulation to their low-dose sensitized counterparts. Collectively, these findings indicate that modulation to hi-dose sensitization, which is extended to ocular allergy, occurs in a Treg-dependent manner. In addition, our data suggest that hi-dose sensitization may henceforth facilitate the further examination of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Simona Schlereth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Payal Khandelwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Abstract
Immunotoxicity can take the form of an enhanced immune response or hypersensitivity. Asthma is one possible consequence of hypersensitivity in the lung, with characteristics that include reversible airway obstruction, eosinophil infiltration into the lung, and airway hyperresponsiveness to agonists such as methacholine. In toxicology, two primary areas of investigation prompt the measurement of the asthmatic response in an animal: (1) identification of chemicals or proteins that cause asthma, i.e., respiratory allergens, and (2) identification of exposures that will exacerbate existing asthma. An ovalbumin-induced asthma model can be used to identify exposures that exacerbate existing asthma. A protocol for the sensitization and challenge of mice with ovalbumin is described; it leads to the asthma symptoms of airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophil infiltration. Assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine uses whole body plethysmography in conscious unrestrained mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage of the mouse determines the extent of cellular infiltration into the airspace. Removal of lung lobes and assay of eosinophil peroxidase and myeloperoxidase provides a measure of the numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively, in the lung. Depending on the experimental goals, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue can also be used for isolation of RNA, and measurement of cytokines, chemokines, antibodies, and inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Regal
- School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
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18
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Regal JF. Immunologic effector mechanisms in animal models of occupational asthma. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 1:25-37. [PMID: 18958638 DOI: 10.1080/15476910490438351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational asthma is a form of immunotoxicity resulting from an exaggerated immune response to substances encountered in the workplace. Symptoms include reversible airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, airway remodeling, mucus production and cellular infiltration into the lung, particularly eosinophilia. The asthmatic response is divided into the induction phase, occurring after initial exposure to allergen, followed by the effector phase where a subsequent exposure to the allergen results in the respiratory symptoms. Animal models have been used to investigate the asthmatic response and this review will focus on mechanistic studies of the effector phase. Variables that may impact the effector phase include strain and species of animal, dose of allergen, route of exposure, and developmental stage of the animal. Both trimellitic anhydride (TMA) and ovalbumin are known causes of occupational asthma. Ovalbumin is also a reference protein allergen in immunology, and TMA is used as a prototype of a low molecular weight respiratory allergen. Differences in effector mechanisms for TMA and ovalbumin have been noted in different animal models. Studies in the guinea pig provide the most direct comparisons of effector mechanisms of TMA and ovalbumin, with differences in the role of the complement system and arachidonate metabolites being noted. Besides the guinea pig, the Brown Norway rat, and various mouse strains provide useful asthma models for TMA and ovalbumin. However, studies of effector mechanisms are somewhat lacking in either of these species using TMA as the allergen. Continued studies are indicated to determine if unique effector mechanisms can be identified for the many different causes of occupational asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Regal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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19
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Miyamoto S, Hattori N, Senoo T, Onari Y, Iwamoto H, Kanehara M, Ishikawa N, Fujitaka K, Haruta Y, Murai H, Yokoyama A, Kohno N. Intra-airway administration of small interfering RNA targeting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 attenuates allergic asthma in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L908-16. [PMID: 21926267 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00115.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a major inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system, may promote the development of asthma. To further investigate the significance of PAI-1 in the pathogenesis of asthma and determine the possibility that PAI-1 could be a therapeutic target for asthma, this study was conducted. First, PAI-1 levels in induced sputum (IS) from asthmatic subjects and healthy controls were measured. In asthmatic subjects, IS PAI-1 levels were elevated, compared with that of healthy controls, and were significantly higher in patients with long-duration asthma compared with short-duration asthma. PAI-1 levels were also found to correlate with IS transforming growth factor-β levels. Then, acute and chronic asthma models induced by ovalbumin were established in PAI-1-deficient mice and wild-type mice that received intra-airway administrations of small interfering RNA against PAI-1 (PAI-1-siRNA). We could demonstrate that eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness were reduced in an acute asthma model, and airway remodeling was suppressed in a chronic asthma model in both PAI-1-deficient mice and wild-type mice that received intra-airway administration of PAI-1-siRNA. These results indicate that PAI-1 is strongly involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, and intra-airway administration of PAI-1-siRNA may be able to become a new therapeutic approach for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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20
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Hansen JS, Alberg T, Rasmussen H, Lovik M, Nygaard UC. Determinants of experimental allergic responses: interactions between allergen dose, sex and age. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:554-67. [PMID: 21323693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases is influenced by sex and age. Although mouse models are widely used in allergy research, few experimental studies have examined the interaction effects of sex and age on allergy outcomes. Our aim was to investigate the individual and combined effects of sex and age on allergic sensitization and inflammation in two mouse models: an intraperitoneal (i.p.) and an intranasal (i.n.) sensitization model. We also investigated how the allergen immunization dose interacted with age and sex in the i.p. model. Female and male mice were immunized i.p. or i.n. with ovalbumin when 1, 6 or 20 weeks old. In both models, allergen challenges were performed by i.n. delivery. Serum antibodies, draining lymph node cytokine release and airway inflammatory responses were assessed. In the i.p. model, the antibody and cytokine levels and airway inflammation were highly influenced by immunization dose and age. The responses increased with age when using a low immunization dose, but decreased with age when using a high immunization dose. In the i.n. model, antibody production and airway tissue inflammation increased with age. Female compared with male mice generally developed more pronounced antibody and inflammatory responses. Relative to older mice, juvenile mice had augmented airway inflammation to allergen exposures. The study demonstrates that immunization dose, sex and age are highly influential on allergy outcomes. To better mimic different life stages of human allergic airway disease, murine models, therefore, require careful optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Hansen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Abdel Rahman MN, Abdelmotelb AAM. Study of Atorvastatin in experimental allergic airway inflammation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1090-4. [PMID: 21421071 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with airway diseases. There is growing evidence that Atorvastatin could be used as a therapy for these conditions. OBJECTIVE On these bases, we evaluated Atorvastatin as a protective and reversal treatment for the allergic airway diseases in mice model. We also looked at the possible interaction with the currently used effective medication. METHODS Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to develop features of allergic airway diseases mainly of bronchial inflammation. Atorvastatin was injected during or after the sensitization and challenge process to evaluate its protective or reversal effects, respectively. Total and differential cells in the BAL fluids together with IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 cytokine levels were evaluated. Total IgE and cholesterol levels in serum were studied. RESULTS In the protective phase, Atorvastatin inhibited the OVA-induced cellular infiltration of lung bronchi, decreased IL-4 and IL-5 and prevented the increase in IL-10 cytokine levels. Also, it reduced the OVA-induced high serum total IgE level. Injection of Atorvastatin after challenge was not effective in reversing the inflammatory process, with no major contribution towards augmenting the actions of Dexamethasone. The cholesterol lowering effect was marked in the protective phase while less effective for the reversal phase. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Atorvastatin reduced the allergic inflammatory features in mice and it could be useful towards developing a better therapeutic regimen for the treatment of allergic diseases.
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Sahu N, Morales JL, Fowell D, August A. Modeling susceptibility versus resistance in allergic airway disease reveals regulation by Tec kinase Itk. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11348. [PMID: 20596543 PMCID: PMC2893210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine models of allergic asthma have been used to understand the mechanisms of development and pathology in this disease. In addition, knockout mice have contributed significantly to our understanding of the roles of specific molecules and cytokines in these models. However, results can vary significantly depending on the mouse strain used in the model, and in particularly in understanding the effect of specific knockouts. For example, it can be equivocal as to whether specific gene knockouts affect the susceptibility of the mice to developing the disease, or lead to resistance. Here we used a house dust mite model of allergic airway inflammation to examine the response of two strains of mice (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) which differ in their responses in allergic airway inflammation. We demonstrate an algorithm that can facilitate the understanding of the behavior of these models with regards to susceptibility (to allergic airway inflammation) (S(aai)) or resistance (R(aai)) in this model. We verify that both C57BL/6 and BALB/c develop disease, but BALB/c mice have higher S(aai) for development. We then use this approach to show that the absence of the Tec family kinase Itk, which regulates the production of Th2 cytokines, leads to R(aai) in the C57BL/6 background, but decreases S(aai) on the BALB/c background. We suggest that the use of such approaches could clarify the behavior of various knockout mice in modeling allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisebita Sahu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - J. Luis Morales
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Deborah Fowell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Avery August
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim K, Suzuki N, Ohneda K, Minegishi N, Yamamoto M. Fractionation of mature eosinophils in GATA-reporter transgenic mice. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2010; 220:127-38. [PMID: 20139664 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.220.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils contribute to the pathophysiology of allergic and infectious diseases, albeit their molecular functions remain unknown. Mature eosinophils are identified by their unique morphology and staining characteristics. However, it is difficult to fractionate living eosinophils by flow cytometry because these granulocytes express multiple cell surface markers that are shared by other cells of hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic origin. In this study, we describe a flow cytometry-based method to enumerate and fractionate eosinophils by developmental stages. To fractionate these cell types, we used transgenic mouse lines that express fluorescent proteins under control of the Gata1 gene hematopoietic regulatory region (Gata1-HRD), which is exclusively active in Gata1-expressing hematopoietic cells, including eosinophils. As expected, mature eosinophils were highly enriched in the fluorescent reporter-expressing subfraction of bone marrow myeloid cells that were negatively selected by using multiple antibodies against B220, CD4, CD8, Ter119, c-Kit and CD71. Cytochemical analyses of flow-sorted cells identified the cells in this fraction as eosinophils harboring eosinophilic granules. Additionally, expression of eosinophil-specific genes, for instance eosinophil enzymes and the IL-5 receptor alpha gene, were specifically detected in this fraction. The expression of these eosinophil-specific genes increased as the cells differentiated. This method for enrichment of bone marrow eosinophils is applicable to fractionation of eosinophils and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from transgenic mice with atopic asthma. Thus, both pathological and developmental stages of eosinophils are efficiently fractionated by this flow cytometry-based method using Gata1-HRD transgenic reporter mice. This study, therefore, proposes a useful means to study the experimental allergic and inflammatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibom Kim
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Barwig C, Raker V, Montermann E, Grabbe S, Reske-Kunz AB, Sudowe S. Antigen dose-dependent suppression of murine IgE responses is mediated by CD4−CD8− double-negative T cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:891-901. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Koh YI, Shim JU, Lee JH, Chung IJ, Min JJ, Rhee JH, Lee HC, Chung DH, Wi JO. Natural killer T cells are dispensable in the development of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodelling in a mouse model of chronic asthma. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 161:159-70. [PMID: 20456411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NK T) cells have been shown to play an essential role in the development of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and/or airway inflammation in mouse models of acute asthma. Recently, NK T cells have been reported to be required for the development of AHR in a virus induced chronic asthma model. We investigated whether NK T cells were required for the development of allergen-induced AHR, airway inflammation and airway remodelling in a mouse model of chronic asthma. CD1d-/- mice that lack NK T cells were used for the experiments. In the chronic model, AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, remodelling characteristics including mucus metaplasia, subepithelial fibrosis and increased mass of the airway smooth muscle, T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response and immunoglobulin (Ig)E production were equally increased in both CD1d-/- mice and wild-type mice. However, in the acute model, AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, Th2 immune response and IgE production were significantly decreased in the CD1d-/- mice compared to wild-type. CD1d-dependent NK T cells may not be required for the development of allergen-induced AHR, eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway remodelling in chronic asthma model, although they play a role in the development of AHR and eosinophilic inflammation in acute asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-I Koh
- Department of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Alessandrini F, Huster KM, Jakob T, Schulz H, Behrendt H, Ring J, de Angelis MH, Busch DH, Mempel M, Ollert M. Specific CD8 T Cells in IgE-mediated Allergy Correlate with Allergen Dose and Allergic Phenotype. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181:7-16. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200902-0190oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Hu WK, Lu XX, Yang S, Xu GP, Lan F, Chen SX, Ni W, Xiong WN, Xiong SD. Expression of the Th1-specific cell-surface protein Tim-3 increases in a murine model of atopic asthma. J Asthma 2009; 46:872-7. [PMID: 19905911 DOI: 10.3109/02770900903199953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) is preferentially expressed on Th1-helper type T-cells and functions to repress the Th1-mediated immune response. However, the role of Tim-3 during the inflammatory pathogenesis of asthma remains unclear. This study determines the expression level of Tim-3 in CD4+ T-cells within the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) isolated from a murine model of atopic asthma and explores the potential role of Tim-3 during the inflammatory response. Mice were randomly divided into normal control, asthma day 1, and asthma day 7 groups, and peripheral blood T lymphocytes and BALF cells were collected. The ratio of Tim-3+/CD4+ cells among the total CD4+cell populations from peripheral blood and BALF was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of the Tim-3 mRNA was determined by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). In contrast with the normal control group, the ratio of Tim-3+/CD4+:CD4+ cells and the level of Tim-3 mRNA in both the peripheral blood T lymphocytes and BALF cells among the asthma day 1 and asthma day 7 groups were significantly increased (p < 0.01), and those in the asthma day 7 group were higher than the asthma day 1 group (p < 0.05). There was also a positive correlation between the ratio of Tim-3+/CD4+:CD4+ detected in BALF and that the ratio detected in peripheral blood T lymphocytes (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). Therefore, the expression of Tim-3 is increased in CD4+ T-cells following airway challenge and likely affects asthma-induced inflammation by repressing the Th1-mediated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kun Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Matheu V, Barrios Y, Arnau MR, Navikas V, Issazadeh-Navikas S. Similar response in male and female B10.RIII mice in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Inflamm Res 2009; 59:263-9. [PMID: 19779803 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports have been published on the gender differences associated with allergies in mice. GOAL In the present study we investigate the influence of gender on allergy response using a strain of mice, B10.RIII, which is commonly used in the collagen-induced arthritis murine model. METHODS Both male and female B10.RIII young mice were immunized with OVA and challenged four times with OVA intranasally. Samples were taken 24 h after the last challenge, and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and parenchyma, Th-2 cytokines in BAL, total and antigen-specific IgE in sera, and antigen-specific T-cell proliferation were measured. RESULTS Immunization in both male and female B10.RIII mice with OVA elicited a classical Th2-type response. Results showed no significant differences among male and female mice. Also a high eosinophilia in BAL fluid and parenchyma was produced in both genders without any significant differences. However, the deviation of both parameters was higher in young males compared to young females. CONCLUSIONS Gender differences, classically associated with some strains of mice, are not reproducible in B10.RIII mice. Gender differences in murine models of allergic airway inflammation are probably strain-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Matheu
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Onari Y, Yokoyama A, Haruta Y, Nakashima T, Iwamoto H, Hattori N, Kohno N. IL-12p40 is essential for the down-regulation of airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of bronchial asthma with prolonged antigen exposure. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 39:290-8. [PMID: 19032358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported a mouse model of bronchial asthma showing eosinophilic inflammation, but not airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), after prolonged antigen exposure. This model showed an increase of IL-12 in the lung. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-12p40 in a murine asthma model with prolonged antigen exposures. METHODS An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model was first established in wild-type (WT) and IL-12p40-deficient (IL-12p40(-/-)) mice. Both strains of mice were further exposed to either OVA (prolonged exposure group) or phosphate-buffered saline (positive control group) 3 days per week for 3 weeks. During week 4, both groups of mice were given a final challenge with OVA. RESULTS Prolonged antigen exposures resulted in marked suppression of airway eosinophilia in both WT and IL-12p40(-/-) mice. However, AHR persisted in IL-12p40(-/-) but not in WT mice. There were no significant differences of IL-5, IL-13 or IFN-gamma levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid between WT and IL-12p40(-/-) mice. The hydroxyproline content of the lung and peribronchial fibrosis were, however, significantly increased in IL-12p40(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION The results suggest that endogenous IL-12p40 is essential for inhibition of AHR and peribronchial fibrosis, but not eosinophilic inflammation, in a murine asthma model with prolonged antigen exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Onari
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Coordinated changes in mRNA turnover, translation, and RNA processing bodies in bronchial epithelial cells following inflammatory stimulation. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:7414-26. [PMID: 18936174 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01237-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells play a pivotal role in airway inflammation, but little is known about posttranscriptional regulation of mediator gene expression during the inflammatory response in these cells. Here, we show that activation of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells by proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) leads to an increase in the mRNA stability of the key chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and IL-8, an elevation of the global translation rate, an increase in the levels of several proteins critical for translation, and a reduction of microRNA-mediated translational repression. Moreover, using the BEAS-2B cell system and a mouse model, we found that RNA processing bodies (P bodies), cytoplasmic domains linked to storage and/or degradation of translationally silenced mRNAs, are significantly reduced in activated bronchial epithelial cells, suggesting a physiological role for P bodies in airway inflammation. Our study reveals an orchestrated change among posttranscriptional mechanisms, which help sustain high levels of inflammatory mediator production in bronchial epithelium during the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases.
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Blé FX, Cannet C, Zurbruegg S, Karmouty-Quintana H, Bergmann R, Frossard N, Trifilieff A, Beckmann N. Allergen-induced Lung Inflammation in Actively Sensitized Mice Assessed with MR Imaging. Radiology 2008; 248:834-43. [PMID: 18647843 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2482071452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Blé
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, WSJ-386.2.09, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Linneberg A. Are we getting enough allergens? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 147:93-100. [PMID: 18520153 DOI: 10.1159/000135695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes that reduced allergen exposure is one of the factors underlying the higher risk of IgE-mediated allergic disease in populations with an urbanized, westernized, and affluent lifestyle. This lower allergen exposure results in the failure to induce and maintain immune tolerance to common environmental allergens. The paper summarizes different lines of evidence that may support or contradict this hypothesis and points to areas where more knowledge is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
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Linneberg A, Roursgaard M, Hersoug LG, Larsen ST. Effects of Alcohol Consumption on the Allergen-Specific Immune Response in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 32:553-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Doi T, Obayashi K, Kadowaki T, Fujii H, Koyasu S. PI3K is a negative regulator of IgE production. Int Immunol 2008; 20:499-508. [PMID: 18303010 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of IgE, a main player in allergic disorders such as asthma and atopic dermatitis, is strictly regulated and the serum concentrations of IgE are normally kept at a much lower level than other isotypes. We found that mice deficient for the p85alpha regulatory subunit of class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) produced increasing amounts of serum IgE. Purified p85alpha-/- B cells produced more IgE than wild-type B cells in vitro in response to anti-CD40 mAb and IL-4. PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and IC87114 enhanced IgE production by wild-type B cells stimulated with anti-CD40 mAb and IL-4. Under the same condition, antigen receptor cross-linking induced the expression of inhibitor of differentiation-2 and suppressed the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase and class switch recombination (CSR) in a PI3K-dependent manner. IgE production was also suppressed in a concentrated cell culture condition, which was completely reversed by PI3K inhibition. The selective suppression of IgE production by PI3K was also observed at a protein level after CSR. Our results indicate that PI3K negatively regulates IgE production at both CSR and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Doi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Ohshima M, Yokoyama A, Ohnishi H, Hamada H, Kohno N, Higaki J, Naka T. Overexpression of suppressor of cytokine signalling-5 augments eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:735-42. [PMID: 17456221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced expression of the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-5 might be of therapeutic benefit for T-helper type 2 (Th2) dominant diseases, as its expression is reported to result in a reduction of Th2 differentiation in vitro due to the inhibition of IL-4 signalling. OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory role of SOCS-5 in vivo, we explored the phenotype of an experimental asthma model developed in SOCS-5 transgenic (Tg) mice. METHODS The SOCS-5 Tg mice or wild-type (WT) mice were sensitized and repeatedly challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). We examined bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung specimens, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine. RESULTS The production of IFN-gamma by CD4(+) T cells from unprimed SOCS-5 Tg mice was significantly increased in comparison with unprimed wild-type mice, indicating that SOCS-5 Tg mice have a Th1-polarizing condition under natural conditions. However, in an asthma model, significantly more eosinophils in the airways and higher levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF were observed in the SOCS-5 Tg than the wild-type mice. AHR in the asthma model of SOCS-5 Tg was also more enhanced than that of wild-type mice. OVA-stimulated CD4(+) T cells from the primed SOCS-5 Tg mice produced significantly more IL-5 and IL-13 than CD4(+) T cells from wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the overexpression of SOCS-5 does not inhibit Th2 response, but rather augments the phenotype of the asthma model in vivo. This finding throws into question the therapeutic utility of using enhancement of SOCS-5 expression for Th2-dominant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohshima
- Internal Medicine II, Ehime University School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
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Bakken HN, Nafstad P, Bolle R, Nystad W. Skin sensitization in school children in northern and southern Norway. J Asthma 2007; 44:23-7. [PMID: 17365200 DOI: 10.1080/02770900601034353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that environmental exposures and living conditions can explain some of the worldwide variation in atopic disorders. Norway has large environmental contrasts within the country. We compared skin prick sensitization rates among school children living in the southern subarctic and in the northern arctic part of Norway. Approximately one quarter of the children were sensitized, mostly against pollen and animal dander, while mite and mould sensitization seemed to be a minor problem. Sensitization rates and profiles were similar in the north and south despite differences in living conditions and environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Nygaard Bakken
- Division of Epidemiology, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Mayuzumi H, Ohki Y, Tokuyama K, Sato A, Mizuno T, Arakawa H, Mochizuki H, Morikawa A. Age-related difference in the persistency of allergic airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 143:255-62. [PMID: 17347573 DOI: 10.1159/000100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Asthmatic children are more likely to outgrow their symptoms than adult patients. Thus, we wanted to know whether there were any age-related differences in the time course of the allergic airway inflammation. METHODS BALB/C mice at different ages (young: 3 days after birth, and mature: 8 weeks of age) were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). Subsequently, animals were challenged with aerosolized OVA during 1, 2, 4 or 8 consecutive weeks. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), serum IgE levels, the degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI) and goblet cell metaplasia (GCM) in the airways, and the number of eosinophils and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined. RESULTS At 1 week, airway inflammation and BHR occurred similarly between young and mature mice. However, BHR disappeared at 4 weeks in young, whereas it persisted even at 8 weeks in mature mice. GCM, ICI and eosinophilia in BALF attenuated with time, with more remarkable reduction in young mice. The BALF IL-4 level was high during the first 2 weeks in both groups, while the IL-2 level was significantly increased at 2 weeks solely in young mice. CONCLUSION Different time courses in airway inflammation and in BHR may relate to the different prognoses between childhood and adult asthma. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying this age-related differences may be helpful to induce remission in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Mayuzumi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Regal JF, Regal RR, Meehan JL, Mohrman ME. Primary prevention of asthma: age and sex influence sensitivity to allergen-induced airway inflammation and contribute to asthma heterogeneity in Guinea pigs. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 141:241-56. [PMID: 16931886 PMCID: PMC2978645 DOI: 10.1159/000095294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limiting allergen exposure in the sensitization phase has been proposed as a means of primary prevention of asthma, but its effectiveness is debated. HYPOTHESIS Primary prevention of asthma is more effective in limiting asthma symptoms in young guinea pigs compared with adults, whether males or females. METHODS The following experimental groups were used: young/young, sensitized and challenged before sexual maturity; young/adult, sensitized young and challenged after sexual maturity; adult/adult, sensitized and challenged after sexual maturity. Males and females were sensitized intraperitoneally with varying doses of ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged intratracheally with a constant OVA dose. Cellular infiltration into lung and lavage fluid as well as airway hyperresponsiveness to intravenous methacholine was determined 24 h later. RESULTS In unsensitized animals, density of resident inflammatory cells as well as baseline pulmonary function differed with age and sex. Maximum OVA-induced eosinophilia in females occurred at a lower sensitizing dose of OVA than in males, and the slopes of the dose-response relationship differed significantly between sexes. Young females had more pronounced increases in eosinophils compared with some adult treatment groups. The concentrations of OVA-specific antibodies were not directly related to differences in cellular infiltration. Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge was observed in all treatment groups. CONCLUSION Young animals require major reductions in allergen exposure compared with adults to effectively limit airway inflammation in primary prevention. Heterogeneity of asthma symptoms seen with age and sex suggests that primary prevention by limiting allergen exposure or treatment with anti-inflammatory or bronchodilator drugs may be more effective strategies for specific age and gender populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Regal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School Duluth, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 55812, USA.
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Venkataraman C, Justen K, Zhao J, Galbreath E, Na S. Death receptor-6 regulates the development of pulmonary eosinophilia and airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Immunol Lett 2006; 106:42-7. [PMID: 16730379 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Death receptor-6 (DR6), a member of the death domain-containing TNFR superfamily, is highly expressed in lymphoid tissues and regulated upon lymphocyte activation. Targeted disruption of DR6 results in enhanced CD4(+) T cell proliferation and T helper 2 (Th2) differentiation in vitro, whereas the in vivo role of DR6 in regulating Th2 cell differentiation and effector function remains largely unknown. In the current study, we used a Th2-skewed allergic airway inflammation model induced by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge to compare the inflammatory response in the lung of both wild type (WT) and DR6(-/-) mice. DR6(-/-) mice were protected from the development of airway inflammation as evidenced by attenuated eosinophil accumulation and reduced mucus-producing cells in the lining airways of allergen-challenged animals. Consistent with these observations, a profound reduction of Th2 cytokine production (IL-5 and IL-13) was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL). Furthermore, a significant increase in the frequency of IFN-gamma secreting cells was observed in the DR6(-/-) mouse lungs after OVA challenge, which may account for the reduced pulmonary Th2 cytokine production. These data point to a critical role of DR6 in regulating airway inflammation in the OVA-induced mouse model of asthma.
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Melgert BN, Postma DS, Kuipers I, Geerlings M, Luinge MA, van der Strate BWA, Kerstjens HAM, Timens W, Hylkema MN. Female mice are more susceptible to the development of allergic airway inflammation than male mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 35:1496-503. [PMID: 16297148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans the prevalence of asthma is higher among females than among males after puberty. The reason for this phenomenon is not clear. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that female mice are more susceptible to the development of allergic asthma than male mice and studied allergic immune responses in the lung. METHODS We compared allergic airway inflammation, i.e. methacholine (MCh) responsiveness, serum IgE, and cytokines, and the number of the different leucocytes in lungs of male and female BALB/c mice, twice-sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and subsequently challenged with OVA (OVA-mice) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS-mice) aerosols on days 24-26, 30, and 31. RESULTS OVA challenge significantly increased MCh responsiveness, numbers of eosinophils, CD4(+) T cells, CD4(+)/CD25(+) T cells, B cells, and levels of Thelper (Th)2 cytokines, total, and OVA-specific IgE. There was, however, also an effect of gender, with female mice responding to OVA challenges with higher numbers of eosinophils, CD4(+) T cells, B cells, and levels of IL-4, IL-13, IFN-gamma, total, and OVA-specific IgE than male mice. In contrast, female PBS-mice had significantly lower percentages of regulatory CD4(+)/CD25(+) T cells than males (females 4.2+/-0.2% vs. males 5.3+/-0.1% of CD4(+) T cells, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Female mice develop a more pronounced type of allergic airway inflammation than male mice after OVA challenge. The reduced percentage of regulatory T cells in the lungs of female PBS-mice may indicate that the level of these cells in the lung during the sensitization phase is important for the development and/or progression of an allergic immune response after multiple OVA challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Melgert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Sy LB, Wu YL, Chiang BL, Wang YH, Wu WM. Propolis extracts exhibit an immunoregulatory activity in an OVA-sensitized airway inflammatory animal model. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1053-60. [PMID: 16714208 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2005] [Revised: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Propolis, which has been used widely in folk medicine, has been shown to exhibit various biological activities but its immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory activities in intact animals have not been well studied. We investigated these activities of propolis using an ovalbumin-induced asthma animal model. Mice were immunized and sensitized by exposure to ovalbumin (OVA) antigen and administered with low- (65 mg/kg body weight) and high-dose (325 mg/kg body weight) propolis water extracts by tube feeding. The serum OVA-specific IgE titer and cytokine profiles in cultured splenocytes and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were analyzed. The number of eosinophils in BALF was counted. Here we demonstrate that propolis extracts can suppress the serum levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG(1), and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in OVA-sensitized mice. There are no significant differences in the concentration of eotaxin or the number of eosinophils in BALF among the four groups. However, the higher dose of propolis extracts decreases the level of IL-5 in BALF. The splenocytes from mice administered with propolis extracts (low- and high-dose groups) exhibit a strong inhibition of IL-10 secretion and up-regulation of IFN-gamma secretion in splenocytes stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA). In addition, cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10) secretion in OVA-stimulated splenocytes from the propolis groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. These results suggest that propolis extracts may be a potential novel therapeutic agent for asthma.
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Ameredes BT, Zamora R, Sethi JM, Liu HL, Kohut LK, Gligonic AL, Choi AMK, Calhoun WJ. Alterations in nitric oxide and cytokine production with airway inflammation in the absence of IL-10. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:1206-13. [PMID: 16002724 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that suppresses NO synthase (NOS) and production of NO; its lack may promote NO production and alterations in cytokines modulated by NO with allergic airway inflammation (AI), such as IL-18 and IL-4. Therefore, we induced AI in IL-10 knockout ((-/-)) and IL-10-sufficient C57BL/6 (C57) mice with inhaled OVA and measured airway NO production, as exhaled NO (E(NO)) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid nitrite levels. E(NO) and nitrite levels were elevated significantly in naive IL-10(-/-) mice as compared with C57 mice. With AI, E(NO) and nitrite levels increased in C57 mice and decreased in IL-10(-/-) mice. IL-18 production fell with both AI and addition of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine (a NO donor) but was not significantly increased by chemical NOS inhibition by l-N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine. IL-4 AI was increased significantly (up to 10-fold greater) in the absence of IL-10 but was reduced significantly with chemical inhibition of NOS. Airway responsiveness was lower in IL-10(-/-) mice and was associated with alteration in production of NO and IL-4. Thus, IL-4 production was increased, and likely decreased NO production, in a way not predicted by the absence of IL-10. Inhibition of IL-4 production, with inhibition of NOS in the absence of IL-10, demonstrated the importance of a NO and IL-4 feedback mechanism regulating this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill T Ameredes
- Asthma, Allergy, and Airway Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Ohki Y, Tokuyama K, Mayuzumi H, Sato A, Koyama H, Takizawa T, Arakawa H, Mochizuki H, Morikawa A. Characteristic features of allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of infantile asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005; 138:51-8. [PMID: 16103687 DOI: 10.1159/000087357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of infantile asthma may differ from that in older children or in adults, partly because of the different immune response depending upon maturation. In adult mice, the sensitizing dose of antigen is known to be critical to the polarized development of helper T cell subsets and allergic airway inflammation. We wanted to know the characteristics of allergic airway inflammation of infantile asthma by developing a murine model. METHODS BALB/C mice at different stages of maturation (juvenile: 3 days after birth; adult: 8 weeks of age) were sensitized with 10 or 1,000 microg ovalbumin (OVA) or vehicle. The animals were then challenged with aerosolized OVA or saline once a day during 6 consecutive days. After the final challenge, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histological changes in the airways and immunological status were examined. RESULTS In both juvenile and adult animals, sensitization with 10 microg OVA induced the T helper 2 response (elevated IL-4 and decreased IFN-gamma levels). BHR, airway eosinophilia, the inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell metaplasia (GCM), and IgE antibody production were more prominent in animals given this dose than 1,000 microg OVA. Among these responses, GCM as well as BALF IL-4, and BHR were comparable between juvenile and adult animals, whereas other parameters were lower in juvenile animals, especially in those given 1,000 microg OVA. CONCLUSION GCM and, consequently, airway mucus hypersecretion may be an important component of allergic airway inflammation in infantile asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Ohki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Uzonna JE, Joyce KL, Scott P. Low dose Leishmania major promotes a transient T helper cell type 2 response that is down-regulated by interferon gamma-producing CD8+ T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 199:1559-66. [PMID: 15184505 PMCID: PMC2211781 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An unresolved issue in the field of T helper (Th) cell development relates to the findings that low doses of antigen promote Th2 cell development in vitro, whereas several classic in vivo studies suggest the opposite. Here we resolve this paradox by studying the early immune response in mice after infection with different doses of Leishmania major. We found that low parasite doses induced a Th2 response in C57BL/6 (B6) mice, whereas high doses induced a Th1 response. However, the Th2 response in low dose–infected mice was transient and the animals healed. The appearance of a Th1 response after low dose infection was dependent upon the concomitant activation of interferon γ–producing CD8+ T cells. In the absence of CD8+ T cells, the Th2 response was maintained. However, either neutralization of interleukin (IL)-4 or administration of IL-12 promoted a Th1 response after low dose infection of CD8-deficient mice, indicating that the required role for CD8+ T cells was limited to modulation of CD4+ T cell responses. Thus, the discrepant results seen between in vivo and in vitro studies on the effects of antigen dose on Th cell differentiation may depend upon whether CD8+ T cells participate in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Archer AJ, Cramton JLH, Pfau JC, Colasurdo G, Holian A. Airway responsiveness after acute exposure to urban particulate matter 1648 in a DO11.10 murine model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 286:L337-43. [PMID: 14660482 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00202.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced airway responsiveness (AR) is a well-established characteristic of asthma that epidemiological evidence has linked with inhalation of ambient particulate matter (PM). To determine whether acute exposure to urban particulate matter PM1648 can exacerbate airway responsiveness and alter the early inflammatory state, a unique murine model was created using DO11.10 mice, transgenic for a T cell receptor recognizing ovalbumin(323-339). Because these mice are sensitive to ovalbumin, immunization procedures involving adjuvant or long aerosolization procedures are not necessary and, therefore, allow for the study of an acute AR response to particulate and antigen in young animals. AR was assessed by barometric whole body plethysmography and measured by enhanced pause (Penh). PM1648 and ovalbumin were administered intranasally 72 and 4 h before to AR assessment, respectively. A dose-response relationship between PM1648 and Penh was determined, and doses at or above 500 microg had Penh values significantly higher than saline controls. Penh values of control particle titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) were similar to saline controls demonstrating no nonspecific particulate effect on AR. Lung lavage at time of AR assessment showed no significant inflammation due to particulate exposure or ovalbumin alone; however, PM1648/ovalbumin and TiO(2)/ovalbumin combinations resulted in significant neutrophilia. In addition, treatment with polymyxin B to remove surface-bound endotoxin did not significantly affect Penh levels. These results indicate that PM1648 specifically increases AR in a dose-dependent manner and that this exacerbation is not a direct response to increased neutrophil concentration, particle-bound endotoxin or nonspecific particle effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Archer
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Bischof RJ, Snibson K, Shaw R, Meeusen ENT. Induction of allergic inflammation in the lungs of sensitized sheep after local challenge with house dust mite. Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33:367-75. [PMID: 12614452 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous sheep models of asthma are based on sheep sensitized to nematode (Ascaris) allergens and these have been used to evaluate the physiological and pharmacological effects of potential anti-asthma agents. The immunological mechanisms associated with the allergic response in sheep lungs has not been examined in detail. OBJECTIVE To develop an experimental sheep model of allergic lung inflammation based on a relevant major human allergen, house dust mite, and to define the immunological features of the allergic response in this model. METHODS Sheep immunized subcutaneously with solubilized house dust mite extract were given a single bronchial challenge with house dust mite. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood leucocytes were collected before and after challenge for flow cytometry, and tissue samples were taken post-mortem (48 h post-challenge) for histology and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Immunizations with 50 microg house dust mite induced an allergen-specific IgE response in 50 to 60% of sheep (allergic sheep), with higher antigen doses increasing specific IgG1 but not IgE. Lung challenge of allergic sheep with house dust mite led to the initial recruitment of neutrophils (at 6 h post-challenge) followed by eosinophils and activated lymphocytes into the lung tissue and BAL, similar to the late-phase allergic response seen in human asthma. Eosinophil recruitment peaked at 48 h post-challenge, representing 10 to 33% of BAL leucocytes in allergen-challenged allergic sheep compared to 0 to 3% in allergen-challenged control (naïve) sheep. Lymphocytes recovered from the lung after allergen challenge were enriched for CD4+ T cells and were more activated than lymphocytes in blood. There was significant down-regulation of CD62L (L-selectin) and CD49d (VLA-4) expression after allergen challenge on BAL eosinophils and lymphocytes compared to blood. In addition, VCAM-1 (ligand for VLA-4) was up-regulated on blood vessels of allergen-challenged lungs. Eosinophils, CD4+ T cells and CD45R+ B cells were the most prominent leucocytes found in lung tissue 48 h after allergen challenge. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates, for the first time, the ability of house dust mite to induce allergic responses in sheep lungs. This novel sheep model of allergic lung inflammation using relevant human allergens, exhibits similarities to human asthmatic disease and will be a useful tool for studies of the immunological and physiological mechanisms of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bischof
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Akkoç T, Tolunay S, Barlan I, Basaran M, Barlau I. Airway remodeling and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in a murine model of asthma. J Asthma 2001; 38:585-91. [PMID: 11714081 DOI: 10.1081/jas-100107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A murine model of allergen-induced airway inflammation, epithelial phenotypic changes, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels is described. Mice were sensitized to ovalbumin without adjuvant and challenged by multiple intratracheal instillations of ovalbumin by a nonsurgical technique. After repeated challenges, the basement membrane of the airway epithelium showed fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration at peribronchial and perivascular sites, and goblet cell hyperplasia. In addition, total IgE levels were found to be increased significantly. Further studies which will evaluate the contribution of each feature of remodeled airway to the natural history of asthma are definitely needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akkoç
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Department, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Schneider AM, Li F, Zhang X, Gordon JR. Induction of pulmonary allergen-specific IgA responses or airway hyperresponsiveness in the absence of allergic lung disease following sensitization with limiting doses of ovalbumin-alum. Cell Immunol 2001; 212:101-9. [PMID: 11748926 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory allergies represent a failure to generate nonpathogenic responses to innocuous foreign materials. Herein we assessed the role of the sensitizing dose of allergen in this response/nonresponse paradigm, sensitizing BALB/c mice with 5 ng-2 microg of OVA-alum and assessing their responses to repeated OVA aerosol challenge. Mice sensitized with < or = 25 ng of OVA-alum did not develop atopic antibodies, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophilia, or pulmonary Th2 responses, but the 25-ng group animals did develop significant IgA responses. The mice sensitized with 100 ng of OVA-alum developed AHR in the absence of detectable allergic disease, while the mice sensitized with 250 ng-2 microg of OVA/alum developed full-spectrum allergic disease (i.e., eosinophilia, IgE, IgG1, pulmonary Th2 cytokine responses, and AHR). These data indicate that limiting doses of allergen can differentially induce IgA or AHR in the absence of atopic disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Schneider
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
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Hesselmar B, Aberg B, Eriksson B, Aberg N. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema, and sensitization in two areas with differing climates. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2001; 12:208-15. [PMID: 11555318 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3038.2001.012004208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this 5-year follow-up study we compared the prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema, and sensitization, in relation to several background factors, in two Swedish regions (Göteborg and Kiruna). In Göteborg, a city on the southwest coast, the climate is mild and humid. Kiruna is a town north of the Arctic Circle. Questionnaire replies and results of interviews were collected from all 412 7-8-year-old children of a population-based sample (203 in Göteborg and 209 in Kiruna); in addition, 192 children from Göteborg and 205 from Kiruna were skin-prick tested for sensitization to common aero-allergens. After 5 years, at 12-13 years of age, almost all of the initial study cohort were re-investigated. At follow-up the prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was 17%, eczema 23%, and sensitization 32%. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema were as common in Göteborg as in Kiruna, whereas sensitization was far more common in Kiruna. Children born during the pollen season had allergic rhinoconjunctivitis less often -- and were sensitized to pollen and animal protein less often -- than those born during the rest of the year. Sensitization to birch pollen, cat protein, and horse protein was less common in children living in Göteborg, the region with the highest frequency of cat ownership and horseback riding, and with the longest birch-pollen season. The girls were more commonly horseback riders but the boys were more often sensitized to horses. The results reinforce our previous findings: indoor climate may affect the development of sensitization and allergic diseases, to some extent independently; and if exposure to antigen is unavoidable, high doses might be better than low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hesselmar
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
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Leong KP, Huston DP. Understanding the pathogenesis of allergic asthma using mouse models. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 87:96-109; quiz 110,. [PMID: 11527255 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper reviews the current views of the pathogenesis of airway eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in allergic asthma based on mouse models of the disease. The reader will also encounter new treatment strategies that have arisen as this knowledge is applied in practice. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE searches were conducted with key words asthma, mouse model, and murine. Additional articles were identified from references in articles and book chapters. STUDY SELECTION Original research papers and review articles from peer-reviewed journals were chosen. RESULTS Although the mouse model does not replicate human asthma exactly, the lessons learned about the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation and AHR are generally applicable in humans. Type 2 T helper lymphocytes (Th2) orchestrate the inflammation and are crucial for the development of AHR. Cells and molecules involved in T cell activation (dendritic cells, T cell receptor, major histocompatibility complex molecule, and costimulatory molecules) are also vital. Besides these, no other cell or molecule could be shown to be indispensable for the establishment of the model under all experimental conditions. There are at least three pathways that lead to AHR. One is dependent on immunoglobulin E and mast cells, one on eosinophils and interleukin-5 (IL-5), and one on IL-13. Eosinophils are probably the most important effector cells of AHR. Radical methods to treat asthma have been tested in the animal model, including modifying the polarity of lymphocyte response and antagonizing IL-5. CONCLUSIONS AHR, the hallmark of asthma, is attributable to airway inflammation ultimately mediated by helper T cells via three pathways, at least. The mouse model is also a valuable testing ground for new therapies of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Leong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
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