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Bester R, Stander Z, Mason S, Keane KM, Howatson G, Clifford T, Stevenson EJ, Loots DT. The metabolic recovery of marathon runners: an untargeted 1H-NMR metabolomics perspective. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1117687. [PMID: 37215177 PMCID: PMC10192615 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1117687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Extreme endurance events may result in numerous adverse metabolic, immunologic, and physiological perturbations that may diminish athletic performance and adversely affect the overall health status of an athlete, especially in the absence of sufficient recovery. A comprehensive understanding of the post-marathon recovering metabolome, may aid in the identification of new biomarkers associated with marathon-induced stress, recovery, and adaptation, which can facilitate the development of improved training and recovery programs and personalized monitoring of athletic health/recovery/performance. Nevertheless, an untargeted, multi-disciplinary elucidation of the complex underlying biochemical mechanisms involved in recovery after such an endurance event is yet to be demonstrated. Methods: This investigation employed an untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics approach to characterize the post-marathon recovering metabolome by systematically comparing the pre-, immediately post, 24, and 48 h post-marathon serum metabolite profiles of 15 athletes. Results and Discussion: A total of 26 metabolites were identified to fluctuate significantly among post-marathon and recovery time points and were mainly attributed to the recovery of adenosine triphosphate, redox balance and glycogen stores, amino acid oxidation, changes to gut microbiota, and energy drink consumption during the post-marathon recovery phase. Additionally, metabolites associated with delayed-onset muscle soreness were observed; however, the mechanisms underlying this commonly reported phenomenon remain to be elucidated. Although complete metabolic recovery of the energy-producing pathways and fuel substrate stores was attained within the 48 h recovery period, several metabolites remained perturbed throughout the 48 h recovery period and/or fluctuated again following their initial recovery to pre-marathon-related levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Bester
- Human Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Zinandré Stander
- Human Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Human Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Karen M. Keane
- Department of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Stevenson
- Human and Exercise Nutrition Research Centre, School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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2
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Positive Correlation between Relative Concentration of Spermine to Spermidine in Whole Blood and Skeletal Muscle Mass Index: A Possible Indicator of Sarcopenia and Prognosis of Hemodialysis Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030746. [PMID: 36979725 PMCID: PMC10045508 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms strictly regulate polyamine concentration, and blood polyamines are excreted in urine. This indicates polyamine accumulation in renal dysfunction, and studies have shown increased blood polyamine concentrations in patients with renal failure. Hemodialysis (HD) may compensate for polyamine excretion; however, little is known about polyamine excretion. We measured whole-blood polyamine levels in patients on HD and examined the relationship between polyamine concentrations and indicators associated with health status. Study participants were 59 hemodialysis patients (median age: 70.0 years) at Minami-Uonuma City Hospital and 26 healthy volunteers (median age: 44.5 years). Whole-blood spermidine levels were higher and spermine/spermidine ratio (SPM/SPD) was lower in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis showed SPD efflux into the dialysate; however, blood polyamine levels were not altered by hemodialysis and appeared to be minimally excreted. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which was positively correlated with hand grip strength and serum albumin level, was positively correlated with SPM/SPD. Given that sarcopenia and low serum albumin levels are reported risk factors for poor prognosis in HD patients, whole blood SPM/SPD in hemodialysis patients may be a new indicator of the prognosis and health status of HD patients.
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Orrù S, Imperlini E, Vitucci D, Caterino M, Mandola A, Randers MB, Schmidt JF, Hagman M, Andersen TR, Krustrup P, Ruoppolo M, Buono P, Mancini A. Insight into the Molecular Signature of Skeletal Muscle Characterizing Lifelong Football Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15835. [PMID: 36497910 PMCID: PMC9740844 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and sedentary behavior are independent risk factors for non-communicable diseases. An active lifestyle and structured physical activity are positively associated with a healthier quality of life in the elderly. Here, we explored the proteomic/metabolomic muscular signature induced by lifelong football training associated with successful aging. METHODS The study was performed on nine lifelong football players (67.3 ± 2.8 yrs) and nine aged-matched untrained subjects. We performed a proteomic/metabolomic approach on V. lateralis muscle biopsies; the obtained data were analyzed by means of different bioinformatic tools. RESULTS Our results indicated that lifelong football training is able to enhance the muscles' oxidative capacity in the elderly by promoting fatty acids as preferential energetic substrates and hence determining a healthier body composition and metabolic profile; furthermore, we showed that the total polyamine content is higher in lifelong football players' muscle, enforcing the involvement of polyamines in muscle growth and hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Lifelong football training, as a structured physical activity, significantly influences the expression of the proteins and metabolites involved in oxidative metabolism and muscle hypertrophy associated with successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Orrù
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Esther Imperlini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Daniela Vitucci
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Caterino
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mandola
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Morten Bredsgaard Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Friis Schmidt
- Section for Anaesthesia for ENT, Head Neck & Maxillofacial Surgery and Ortopedi, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Hagman
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rostgaard Andersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Mancini
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
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4
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Semporé WY, Chao De La Barca JM, Hersant J, Ouédraogo N, Yaméogo TM, Henni S, Reynier P, Abraham P. Exercise-Induced Plasma Metabolomic Profiles in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:758085. [PMID: 34867463 PMCID: PMC8637284 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.758085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A better knowledge of the biological consequences in the blood of these exercise-induced ischemic events in lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) may improve the prospects of disease management. We explored the preminus postexercise metabolomic difference in 39 patients with LEAD referred for a treadmill oximetry test [transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO2)]. Methods: Ischemia was estimated through the sum of decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPs) (limb TcPO2 changes minus chest TcPO2 changes) at buttocks, thighs, and calves regions. Targeted metabolomic analyses measuring 188 metabolites were performed on a few microliters blood samples taken at the earlobe at rest and 3 min after exercise. Results: Maximum walking distance (MWD) was 290 m (120–652 m) and ankle brachial index (ABI) was 0.67 ± 0.17. Supervised paired partial least squares discriminant analysis based on 23,345 models showed good predictive performance for test sets with a median area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve value of 0.99 and a p-value of 0.00049. The best discriminant metabolites contributing to the model included a subset of 71 (47%) of the 150 accurately measured metabolites in the plasma, comprising 3 acylcarnitines, 3 amino acids, 5 biogenic amines, 9 sphingomyelin, 7 lysophosphatidylcholines, and 44 phosphatidylcholines. In addition, 16 of these metabolites were found to correlate with one or more severity scores of the LEAD. Conclusion: Our results provide new insights into the biological changes that accompany exercise in LEAD and contribute to a better understanding of walking impairment pathophysiology in LEAD, highlighting new candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendsèndaté Yves Semporé
- Centre MURAZ, National Institute of Public Health, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,MitoVasc Research Unit, CNRS 6015, INSERM U-1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Juan Manuel Chao De La Barca
- MitoVasc Research Unit, CNRS 6015, INSERM U-1083, University of Angers, Angers, France.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jeanne Hersant
- Vascular Medicine Department, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Nafi Ouédraogo
- Physiology, Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Samir Henni
- MitoVasc Research Unit, CNRS 6015, INSERM U-1083, University of Angers, Angers, France.,Vascular Medicine Department, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MitoVasc Research Unit, CNRS 6015, INSERM U-1083, University of Angers, Angers, France.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pierre Abraham
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,MitoVasc Research Unit, CNRS 6015, INSERM U-1083, University of Angers, Angers, France.,Vascular Medicine Department, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
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5
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Schranner D, Schönfelder M, Römisch‐Margl W, Scherr J, Schlegel J, Zelger O, Riermeier A, Kaps S, Prehn C, Adamski J, Söhnlein Q, Stöcker F, Kreuzpointner F, Halle M, Kastenmüller G, Wackerhage H. Physiological extremes of the human blood metabolome: A metabolomics analysis of highly glycolytic, oxidative, and anabolic athletes. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14885. [PMID: 34152092 PMCID: PMC8215680 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metabolism is highly variable. At one end of the spectrum, defects of enzymes, transporters, and metabolic regulation result in metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or inborn errors of metabolism. At the other end of the spectrum, favorable genetics and years of training combine to result in physiologically extreme forms of metabolism in athletes. Here, we investigated how the highly glycolytic metabolism of sprinters, highly oxidative metabolism of endurance athletes, and highly anabolic metabolism of natural bodybuilders affect their serum metabolome at rest and after a bout of exercise to exhaustion. We used targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to measure the serum concentrations of 151 metabolites and 43 metabolite ratios or sums in 15 competitive male athletes (6 endurance athletes, 5 sprinters, and 4 natural bodybuilders) and 4 untrained control subjects at fasted rest and 5 minutes after a maximum graded bicycle test to exhaustion. The analysis of all 194 metabolite concentrations, ratios and sums revealed that natural bodybuilders and endurance athletes had overall different metabolite profiles, whereas sprinters and untrained controls were more similar. Specifically, natural bodybuilders had 1.5 to 1.8-fold higher concentrations of specific phosphatidylcholines and lower levels of branched chain amino acids than all other subjects. Endurance athletes had 1.4-fold higher levels of a metabolite ratio showing the activity of carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase I and 1.4-fold lower levels of various alkyl-acyl-phosphatidylcholines. When we compared the effect of exercise between groups, endurance athletes showed 1.3-fold higher increases of hexose and of tetradecenoylcarnitine (C14:1). In summary, physiologically extreme metabolic capacities of endurance athletes and natural bodybuilders are associated with unique blood metabolite concentrations, ratios, and sums at rest and after exercise. Our results suggest that long-term specific training, along with genetics and other athlete-specific factors systematically change metabolite concentrations at rest and after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schranner
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | | | - Johannes Scherr
- University Center for Prevention and Sports MedicineUniversity Hospital BalgristUniversität ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of NeuropathologyInstitute of PathologyTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Otto Zelger
- Department of Prevention and Sports MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Annett Riermeier
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Stephanie Kaps
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Experimental GeneticsTechnische Universität MünchenFreising‐WeihenstephanGermany
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Quirin Söhnlein
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Fabian Stöcker
- Teaching and Educational LabDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Florian Kreuzpointner
- Prevention CenterDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
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6
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Reichhardt CC, Ahmadpour A, Christensen RG, Ineck NE, Murdoch GK, Thornton KJ. Understanding the influence of trenbolone acetate and polyamines on proliferation of bovine satellite cells. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106479. [PMID: 32615508 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 90% of beef cattle on feed in the United States receive at least one anabolic implant, which results in increased growth, efficiency, and economic return to producers. However, the complete molecular mechanism through which anabolic implants function to improve skeletal muscle growth remains unknown. This study had 2 objectives: (1) determine the effect of polyamines and their precursors on proliferation rate in bovine satellite cells (BSC); and (2) understand whether trenbolone acetate (TBA), a testosterone analog, has an impact on the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. To address these, BSC were isolated from 3 finished steers and cultured. Once cultures reached 75% confluency, they were treated in 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and/or 10 nM TBA, 10 mM methionine (Met), 8 mM ornithine (Orn), 2 mM putrescine (Put), 1.5 mM spermidine (Spd), or 0.5 mM spermine (Spe). Initially, a range of physiologically relevant concentrations of Met, Orn, Put, Spd, and Spe were tested to determine experimental doses to implement the aforementioned experiments. One, 12, or 24 h after treatment, mRNA was isolated from cultures and abundance of paired box transcription factor 7 (Pax7), Sprouty 1 (Spry), mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (Mapk), ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), and S adenosylmethionine (Amd1) were determined, and normalized to 18S. No treatment × time interactions were observed (P ≥ 0.05). Treatment with TBA, Met, Orn, Put, Spd, or Spe increased (P ≤ 0.05) BSC proliferation when compared with control cultures. Treatment of cultures with Orn or Met increased (P ≤ 0.01) expression of Odc 1 h after treatment when compared with control cultures. Abundance of Amd1 was increased (P < 0.01) 1 h after treatment in cultures treated with Spd or Spe when compared with 1% FBS controls. Cultures treated with TBA had increased (P < 0.01) abundance of Spry mRNA 12 h after treatment, as well as increased mRNA abundance of Mapk (P < 0.01) 12 h and 24 h after treatment when compared with 1% FBS control cultures. Treatment with Met increased (P < 0.01) mRNA abundance of Pax7 1 h after treatment as compared with 1% FBS controls. These results indicate that treatments of BSC cultures with polyamines and their precursors increase BSC proliferation rate, as well as abundance of mRNA involved in cell proliferation. In addition, treatment of BSC cultures with TBA, polyamines, or polyamine precursors impacts expression of genes related to the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Reichhardt
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - A Ahmadpour
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - R G Christensen
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - N E Ineck
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - G K Murdoch
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2330, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - K J Thornton
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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Sangha GS, Goergen CJ, Prior SJ, Ranadive SM, Clyne AM. Preclinical techniques to investigate exercise training in vascular pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1566-H1600. [PMID: 33385323 PMCID: PMC8260379 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00719.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a dynamic process starting with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and eventually leading to life-threatening arterial plaques. Exercise generally improves endothelial function in a dose-dependent manner by altering hemodynamics, specifically by increased arterial pressure, pulsatility, and shear stress. However, athletes who regularly participate in high-intensity training can develop arterial plaques, suggesting alternative mechanisms through which excessive exercise promotes vascular disease. Understanding the mechanisms that drive atherosclerosis in sedentary versus exercise states may lead to novel rehabilitative methods aimed at improving exercise compliance and physical activity. Preclinical tools, including in vitro cell assays, in vivo animal models, and in silico computational methods, broaden our capabilities to study the mechanisms through which exercise impacts atherogenesis, from molecular maladaptation to vascular remodeling. Here, we describe how preclinical research tools have and can be used to study exercise effects on atherosclerosis. We then propose how advanced bioengineering techniques can be used to address gaps in our current understanding of vascular pathophysiology, including integrating in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies across multiple tissue systems and size scales. Improving our understanding of the antiatherogenic exercise effects will enable engaging, targeted, and individualized exercise recommendations to promote cardiovascular health rather than treating cardiovascular disease that results from a sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurneet S Sangha
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sushant M Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Alisa M Clyne
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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8
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Fernández-García JC, Martínez-Sánchez MA, Bernal-López MR, Muñoz-Garach A, Martínez-González MA, Fitó M, Salas-Salvadó J, Tinahones FJ, Ramos-Molina B. Effect of a lifestyle intervention program with energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and exercise on the serum polyamine metabolome in individuals at high cardiovascular disease risk: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:975-982. [PMID: 32246717 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many food items included in the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) are rich in polyamines, small aliphatic amines with potential cardioprotective effects. The consumption of a MedDiet could increase polyamine concentrations. Based on experimental models, polyamine concentrations may be also influenced by physical activity (PA). OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate whether an intervention based on an energy-restricted MedDiet (er-MedDiet) and PA promotion, in comparison with an energy-unrestricted MedDiet and traditional health care, influences the serum pattern of polyamines and related metabolites in subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS This was a substudy from the PREDIMED-Plus trial, an ongoing randomized clinical trial including 6874 participants allocated either to an intensive weight-loss lifestyle intervention based on er-MedDiet, PA promotion, and behavioral support (er-MedDiet + PA group), or to an energy-unrestricted MedDiet and traditional health care group (MedDiet group). A total of 75 patients (n = 38, er-MedDiet + PA group; n = 37, MedDiet group) were included in this study. Serum concentrations of arginine, ornithine, polyamines, and acetyl polyamines at baseline and 26 wk of intervention were measured by an ultra-high-performance LC-tandem MS platform. RESULTS At week 26, study groups had similar adherence to the MedDiet but patients randomly assigned to the er-MedDiet + PA group showed significantly lower mean energy intake (-340.3 kcal/d; 95% CI: -567.3, -113.4 kcal/d; P = 0.004), higher mean PA (1290.6; 95% CI: 39.9, 2541.3 metabolic equivalent tasks · min/d; P = 0.043), and higher mean decrease in BMI (in kg/m2) (-1.3; 95% CI: -1.8, -0.6; P < 0.001) than the MedDiet group. However, no significant differences in serum polyamines or related metabolites were found between study groups after 26 wk of intervention and no significant between-group differences were found in glycated hemoglobin, HDL-cholesterol, or triglyceride concentrations. CONCLUSIONS In individuals at high CVD risk, an er-MedDiet with increased PA did not result in significant changes of serum concentrations of polyamines or related metabolites in comparison with an energy-unrestricted MedDiet and no increase in PA. This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN89898870.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Fernández-García
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - María R Bernal-López
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Araceli Muñoz-Garach
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV); Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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9
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Ohira T, Ino Y, Nakai Y, Morita H, Kimura A, Kurata Y, Kagawa H, Kimura M, Egashira K, Moriya S, Hiramatsu K, Kawakita M, Kimura Y, Hirano H. Proteomic analysis revealed different responses to hypergravity of soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles in mice. J Proteomics 2020; 217:103686. [PMID: 32061808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Investigating protein abundance profiles is important to understand the differences in the slow and fast skeletal muscle characteristics. The profiles in soleus (Sol) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in mice exposed to 1 g or 3 g for 28 d were compared. The biological implications of the profiles revealed that hypergravity exposure activated a larger number of pathways involved in protein synthesis in Sol. In contrast, the inactivation of signalling pathways involved in oxidative phosphorylation were conspicuous in EDL. These results suggested that the reactivity of molecular pathways in Sol and EDL differed. Additionally, the levels of spermidine synthase and spermidine, an important polyamine for cell growth, increased in both muscles following hypergravity exposure, whereas the level of spermine oxidase (SMOX) increased in EDL alone. The SMOX level was negatively correlated with spermine content, which is involved in muscle atrophy, and was higher in EDL than Sol, even in the 1 g group. These results indicated that the contribution of SMOX to the regulation of spermidine and spermine contents in Sol and EDL differed. However, contrary to expectations, the difference in the SMOX level did not have a significant impact on the growth of these muscles following hypergravity exposure. SIGNIFICANCE: The skeletal muscle-specific protein abundance profiles result in differences in the characteristics of slow and fast skeletal muscles. We investigated differences in the profiles in mouse slow-twitch Sol and fast-twitch EDL muscles following 28-d of 1 g and 3 g exposure by LC-MS/MS analysis and label-free quantitation. A two-step solubilisation of the skeletal muscle proteins increased the coverage of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Additionally, this method reduced the complexity of samples more easily than protein or peptide fractionation by SDS-PAGE and offline HPLC while maintaining the high operability of samples and was reproducible. A larger number of hypergravity-responsive proteins as well as a prominent increase in the wet weights was observed in Sol than EDL muscles. The biological implications of the difference in the protein abundance profiles in 1 g and 3 g groups revealed that the reactivity of each molecular pathway in Sol and EDL muscles to hypergravity exposure differed significantly. In addition, we found that the biosynthetic and interconversion pathway of polyamines, essential factors for cell growth and survival in mammals, was responsive to hypergravity exposure; spermidine and spermine contents in Sol and EDL muscles were regulated by different mechanisms even in the 1 g group. However, our results indicated that the difference in the mechanism regulating polyamine contents is unlikely to have a significant effect on the differences in Sol and EDL muscle growth following hypergravity exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohira
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Ino
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakai
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morita
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayuko Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kurata
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagawa
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Egashira
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Moriya
- Department of Advanced Research for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hiramatsu
- Department of Advanced Research for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Kawakita
- Department of Advanced Research for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
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10
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Salivary Metabolome and Soccer Match: Challenges for Understanding Exercise induced Changes. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9070141. [PMID: 31336760 PMCID: PMC6680540 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva samples of seventeen soccer players were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance before and after an official match. Two different ways of normalizing data are discussed, using total proteins and total metabolite concentrations. Changes in markers related to energy, hydration status, amino acids and other compounds were found. The limits and advantages of using saliva to define the systemic responses to exercise are examined, both in terms of data normalization and interpretation, and the time that the effect lasts in this biofluid, which is shorter to that commonly observed in blood. The heterogeneous nature and different timing of the exercise developed by players also plays an important role in the metabolic changes that can be measured. Our work focuses mainly on three different aspects: The effect that time sampling has on the observed effect, the type of normalization that is necessary to perform in order to cope with changes in water content, and the metabolic response that can be observed using saliva.
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11
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Vemula P, Jing Y, Zhang H, Hunt JB, Sandusky‑Beltran LA, Lee DC, Liu P. Altered brain arginine metabolism in a mouse model of tauopathy. Amino Acids 2019; 51:513-528. [PMID: 30604097 PMCID: PMC6431576 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-02687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies consist of intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated and aggregated microtubule protein tau, which remains a histopathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia. L-Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid with a number of bioactive molecules. Its downstream metabolites putrescine, spermidine, and spermine (polyamines) are critically involved in microtubule assembly and stabilization. Recent evidence implicates altered arginine metabolism in the pathogenesis of AD. Using high-performance liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric assays, the present study systematically determined the tissue concentrations of L-arginine and its nine downstream metabolites in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, parahippocampal region, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum in male PS19 mice-bearing human tau P301S mutation at 4, 8, and 12-14 months of age. As compared to their wild-type littermates, PS19 mice displayed early and/or prolonged increases in L-ornithine and altered polyamine levels with age. There were also genotype- and age-related changes in L-arginine, L-citrulline, glutamine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid in a region- and/or chemical-specific manner. The results demonstrate altered brain arginine metabolism in PS19 mice with the most striking changes in L-ornithine, polyamines, and glutamate, indicating a shift of L-arginine metabolism to favor the arginase-polyamine pathway. Given the role of polyamines in maintaining microtubule stability, the functional significance of these changes remains to be explored in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Vemula
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yu Jing
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jerry B. Hunt
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Leslie A. Sandusky‑Beltran
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- School of Pharmacy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Haun CT, Mobley CB, Vann CG, Romero MA, Roberson PA, Mumford PW, Kephart WC, Healy JC, Patel RK, Osburn SC, Beck DT, Arnold RD, Nie B, Lockwood CM, Roberts MD. Soy protein supplementation is not androgenic or estrogenic in college-aged men when combined with resistance exercise training. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11151. [PMID: 30042516 PMCID: PMC6057888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently unclear as to whether sex hormones are significantly affected by soy or whey protein consumption. Additionally, estrogenic signaling may be potentiated via soy protein supplementation due to the presence of phytoestrogenic isoflavones. Limited also evidence suggests that whey protein supplementation may increase androgenic signaling. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC), whey protein concentrate (WPC), or placebo (PLA) supplementation on serum sex hormones, androgen signaling markers in muscle tissue, and estrogen signaling markers in subcutaneous (SQ) adipose tissue of previously untrained, college-aged men (n = 47, 20 ± 1 yrs) that resistance trained for 12 weeks. Fasting serum total testosterone increased pre- to post-training, but more so in subjects consuming WPC (p < 0.05), whereas serum 17β-estradiol remained unaltered. SQ estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) protein expression and hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA increased with training regardless of supplementation. Muscle androgen receptor (AR) mRNA increased while ornithine decarboxylase mRNA (a gene target indicative of androgen signaling) decreased with training regardless of supplementation (p < 0.05). No significant interactions of supplement and time were observed for adipose tissue ERα/β protein levels, muscle tissue AR protein levels, or mRNAs in either tissue indicative of altered estrogenic or androgenic activity. Interestingly, WPC had the largest effect on increasing type II muscle fiber cross sectional area values (Cohen's d = 1.30), whereas SPC had the largest effect on increasing this metric in type I fibers (Cohen's d = 0.84). These data suggest that, while isoflavones were detected in SPC, chronic WPC or SPC supplementation did not appreciably affect biomarkers related to muscle androgenic signaling or SQ estrogenic signaling. The noted fiber type-specific responses to WPC and SPC supplementation warrant future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody T Haun
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C Brooks Mobley
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Christopher G Vann
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Matthew A Romero
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Paul A Roberson
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Petey W Mumford
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Wesley C Kephart
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - James C Healy
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Romil K Patel
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Shelby C Osburn
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Darren T Beck
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University Pharmaceutical Research Building, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ben Nie
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University Pharmaceutical Research Building, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Michael D Roberts
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, USA.
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13
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Tong F, Liu S, Yan B, Li X, Ruan S, Yang S. Endogenous ornithine decarboxylase/polyamine system mediated the antagonist role of insulin/PEG-CMCS preconditioning against heart ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetes mellitus. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2507-2520. [PMID: 29719397 PMCID: PMC5922236 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s160848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin has shown antioxidation and cytoprotective effects to decrease heart ischemia/reperfusion injury (HI/RI) in diabetes mellitus (DM), but the role of insulin/poly(ethylene glycol)-carboxymethyl chitosan (PEG-CMCS) on HI/RI in DM is not known. This research explored whether insulin/PEG-CMCS revealed a protective effect on HI/RI in DM through ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)/polyamine systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced via streptozotocin (STZ) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, which suffered from HI via blocking the left circumflex artery for 45 minutes, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. α-Difluoromethylornithine-ethylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) (DFMO-EGBG) and insulin/PEG-CMCS were administered to diabetic rats to explore their roles on severity of HI/RI. RESULTS Insulin could be fleetly and efficiently loaded via the nanocarrier PEG-CMCS at pH =6, showing efficient loading and stable release. In addition, insulin/PEG-CMCS showed significant hypoglycemic activity in diabetic rats. On the other hand, ischemia/reperfusion obviously augmented the contents of creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), putrescine (Pu), myocardial infarct size, and NF-κB and spermidine/spermine N'-acetyltransferase (SSAT) expressions and decreased the levels of spermine (Sp), polyamine pools (PAs), heart rate (HR), coronary blood flow (CF), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and ODC expression, compared with Sham. Administration of insulin and insulin/PEG-CMCS both reduced the contents of CK, LDH, Pu, myocardial infarct size, and NF-κB and SSAT expressions and increased the levels of Sp, PAs, HR, CF, LVDP, and ODC expression, while insulin/PEG-CMCS significantly indicated the protective results, and DFMO-EGBG showed the opposite effects. CONCLUSION The research showed that insulin/PEG-CMCS could play a protective effect on HR/RI in diabetic rats via its antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory roles and modulating ODC/polyamine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shiwei Ruan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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14
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Strickland JC, Smith MA. Animal models of resistance exercise and their application to neuroscience research. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 273:191-200. [PMID: 27498037 PMCID: PMC5075509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated that participation in regular resistance exercise (e.g., strength training) is associated with improvements in mental health, memory, and cognition. However, less is known about the neurobiological mechanisms mediating these effects. The goal of this mini-review is to describe and evaluate the available animal models of resistance exercise that may prove useful for examining CNS activity. NEW METHOD Various models have been developed to examine resistance exercise in laboratory animals. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Resistance exercise models vary in how the resistance manipulation is applied, either through direct stimulation of the muscle (e.g., in situ models) or through behavior maintained by operant contingencies (e.g., whole organism models). Each model presents distinct advantages and disadvantages for examining central nervous system (CNS) activity, and consideration of these attributes is essential for the future investigation of underlying neurobiological substrates. RESULTS Potential neurobiological mechanisms mediating the effects of resistance exercise on pain, anxiety, memory, and drug use have been efficiently and effectively investigated using resistance exercise models that minimize stress and maximize the relative contribution of resistance over aerobic factors. CONCLUSIONS Whole organism resistance exercise models that (1) limit the use of potentially stressful stimuli and (2) minimize the contribution of aerobic factors will be critical for examining resistance exercise and CNS function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A Smith
- Department of Psychology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA.
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15
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Behringer M, Montag JCK, Kilian Y, Heaton P, Mester J. Polyamines, myosin heavy chains, and collagen specific amino acids after a repeated bout of eccentric exercise. Res Sports Med 2016; 24:287-97. [PMID: 27379471 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2016.1202830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated alternatives to commonly used biomarkers of exercise-induced tissue damage. Over 5 days following two bouts of 100 drop-to-vertical jumps (inter-bout rest period of 3 weeks), myosin heavy chain 1, hydroxylysine (HYL), hydroxyproline (HYP), spermine (SPM) and spermine synthase (SMS) were measured in the serum of 10 participants. HYL significantly increased from 5.92 ± 1.49 ng/mL to 6.48 ± 1.47 ng/mL at 24 h. A similar trend was observed for bout 2, but without reaching significance. SPM significantly increased only after bout 1 from 0.96 ± 0.19 ng/mL at pretest to a peak level of 1.12 ± 0.26 ng/mL at 24 h, while B2 increments remained non-significant. Myosin heavy chain 1, HYP and SMS values remained below the detection limit of the applied enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Though HYL and SM increased after the intervention, both markers showed a large standard deviation (SD) combined with small increments. Therefore, none of the investigated biomarkers provides a meaningful alternative to commonly used damage markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Behringer
- a Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | | | - Yvonne Kilian
- a Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Phil Heaton
- b Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Joachim Mester
- a Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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16
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Fazelzadeh P, Hangelbroek RWJ, Tieland M, de Groot LCPGM, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC, Smilde AK, Alves RDAM, Vervoort J, Müller M, van Duynhoven JPM, Boekschoten MV. The Muscle Metabolome Differs between Healthy and Frail Older Adults. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:499-509. [PMID: 26732810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Populations around the world are aging rapidly. Age-related loss of physiological functions negatively affects quality of life. A major contributor to the frailty syndrome of aging is loss of skeletal muscle. In this study we assessed the skeletal muscle biopsy metabolome of healthy young, healthy older and frail older subjects to determine the effect of age and frailty on the metabolic signature of skeletal muscle tissue. In addition, the effects of prolonged whole-body resistance-type exercise training on the muscle metabolome of older subjects were examined. The baseline metabolome was measured in muscle biopsies collected from 30 young, 66 healthy older subjects, and 43 frail older subjects. Follow-up samples from frail older (24 samples) and healthy older subjects (38 samples) were collected after 6 months of prolonged resistance-type exercise training. Young subjects were included as a reference group. Primary differences in skeletal muscle metabolite levels between young and healthy older subjects were related to mitochondrial function, muscle fiber type, and tissue turnover. Similar differences were observed when comparing frail older subjects with healthy older subjects at baseline. Prolonged resistance-type exercise training resulted in an adaptive response of amino acid metabolism, especially reflected in branched chain amino acids and genes related to tissue remodeling. The effect of exercise training on branched-chain amino acid-derived acylcarnitines in older subjects points to a downward shift in branched-chain amino acid catabolism upon training. We observed only modest correlations between muscle and plasma metabolite levels, which pleads against the use of plasma metabolites as a direct read-out of muscle metabolism and stresses the need for direct assessment of metabolites in muscle tissue biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Fazelzadeh
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition , Wageningen 6709 PA, The Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University , Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands
| | - Roland W J Hangelbroek
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition , Wageningen 6709 PA, The Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University , Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Tieland
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition , Wageningen 6709 PA, The Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University , Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition , Wageningen 6709 PA, The Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University , Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition , Wageningen 6709 PA, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition , Wageningen 6709 PA, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Age K Smilde
- Biosystems Data Analysis Group, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo D A M Alves
- Department of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden University , Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Metabolomics Centre , Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University , Wageningen 6700 ET, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - John P M van Duynhoven
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University , Wageningen 6703 HA, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Metabolomics Centre , Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition , Wageningen 6709 PA, The Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University , Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands
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17
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Exercise training preserves ischemic preconditioning in aged rat hearts by restoring the myocardial polyamine pool. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:457429. [PMID: 25404991 PMCID: PMC4227379 DOI: 10.1155/2014/457429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) strongly protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. However, IPC protection is ineffective in aged hearts. Exercise training reduces the incidence of age-related cardiovascular disease and upregulates the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)/polyamine pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exercise can reestablish IPC protection in aged hearts and whether IPC protection is linked to restoration of the cardiac polyamine pool. METHODS Rats aging 3 or 18 months perform treadmill exercises with or without gradient respectively for 6 weeks. Isolated hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes were exposed to an IR and IPC protocol. RESULTS IPC induced an increase in myocardial polyamines by regulating ODC and spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (SSAT) in young rat hearts, but IPC did not affect polyamine metabolism in aged hearts. Exercise training inhibited the loss of preconditioning protection and restored the polyamine pool by activating ODC and inhibiting SSAT in aged hearts. An ODC inhibitor, α-difluoromethylornithine, abolished the recovery of preconditioning protection mediated by exercise. Moreover, polyamines improved age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. CONCLUSION Exercise appears to restore preconditioning protection in aged rat hearts, possibly due to an increase in intracellular polyamines and an improvement in mitochondrial function in response to a preconditioning stimulus.
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18
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Zhang H, Xue G, Zhang W, Wang L, Li H, Zhang L, Lu F, Bai S, Lin Y, Lou Y, Xu C, Zhao Y. Akt and Erk1/2 activate the ornithine decarboxylase/polyamine system in cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning in rats: the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 390:133-42. [PMID: 24464033 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-1964-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, which is essential for cell survival. We hypothesized that the ODC/polyamine system is involved in ischemic preconditioning (IPC)-mediated cardioprotection through the activation of Erk1/2 and Akt and through the inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT). Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 40 min of ischemia either with or without IPC (3 cycles of 5-min global ischemia), and ODC protein expression, polyamine content, and Akt and Erk1/2 phosphorylation were evaluated after 30 min of reperfusion. IPC significantly upregulated the ODC/polyamine pathway, promoted Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, and reduced the infarct size and heart dysfunction after reperfusion. An inhibitor of ODC, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), abolished the IPC-induced cardioprotection. Moreover, the inhibition of the IPC-induced activation of Erk1/2 and Akt using PD98059 or wortmannin downregulated the ODC/polyamine system. In separate studies, the Ca(2+) load required to open the mPT pore was significantly lower in DFMO-treated cardiac mitochondria than in mitochondria from IPC hearts. Furthermore, spermine or spermidine significantly inhibited the mPT induced by CaCl2. These results suggest that IPC upregulates the ODC/polyamine system and mediates preconditioning cardioprotection, which may depend on the phosphorylation/activation of Erk1/2 and Akt and on the inhibition of the mPT during reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
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19
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Yamamoto T, Hinoi E, Fujita H, Iezaki T, Takahata Y, Takamori M, Yoneda Y. The natural polyamines spermidine and spermine prevent bone loss through preferential disruption of osteoclastic activation in ovariectomized mice. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1084-96. [PMID: 22250848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although naturally occurring polyamines are indispensable for a variety of cellular events in eukaryotic cells, little attention has been paid to their physiological and pathological significance in bone remodelling to date. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological properties of several natural polyamines on the functionality and integrity of bone in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and subsequent oral supplementation with either spermidine or spermine for determination of the bone volume together with different parameters regarding bone formation and resorption by histomorphometric analyses in vivo. Pre-osteoclasts were cultured with receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), with or without spermidine and spermine to determine cellular maturation by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and cellular viability by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide reduction in vitro. KEY RESULTS Spermidine or spermine, given in drinking water for 28 days, significantly prevented the increased osteoclast surface/bone surface ratio and the reduced bone volume following OVX in mice. Either spermidine or spermine significantly inhibited the increased number of multinucleated TRAP-positive cells in osteoclasts cultured with RANKL in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting cell survival. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The natural polyamines spermidine and spermine prevented OVX-induced bone loss through the disruption of differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts, rather than affecting osteoblasts. The supplementation with these natural polyamines could be beneficial for the prophylaxis as well as therapy of metabolic bone diseases such as post-menopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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A combination of lipoic acid plus coenzyme Q10 induces PGC1α, a master switch of energy metabolism, improves stress response, and increases cellular glutathione levels in cultured C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:835970. [PMID: 22655115 PMCID: PMC3357652 DOI: 10.1155/2012/835970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle function largely depend on intact energy metabolism, stress response, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. In this study, we tested the effect of a combined supplementation of α-lipoic acid (LA) plus coenzyme Q10 (Q10) on PPARγ-coactivator α (PGC1α) activity, expression of glutathione-related phase II enzymes and glutathione (GSH) levels in cultured C2C12 myotubes. Supplementation of myotubes with 250 μmol/L LA plus 100 μmol/L Q10 significantly increased nuclear levels of PGC1α, a master switch of energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. The increase of nuclear PGC1α was accompanied by an increase in PPARγ transactivation, a downstream target of PGC1α, and an increase in mitochondrial transcription factor A mRNA centrally involved in mitochondrial replication and transcription. Furthermore, supplementation of myotubes with LA plus Q10 resulted in an increase of genes encoding proteins involved in stress response, GSH synthesis, and its recycling. In LA-plus-Q10-treated myotubes a significant 4-fold increase in GSH was evident. This increase in GSH was accompanied by increased nuclear Nrf2 protein levels, partly regulating γGCS and GST gene expression. Present data suggest that the combined supplementation of skeletal muscle cells with LA plus Q10 may improve energy homeostasis, stress response, and antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Dubois V, Laurent M, Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Claessens F. Androgens and skeletal muscle: cellular and molecular action mechanisms underlying the anabolic actions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1651-67. [PMID: 22101547 PMCID: PMC11115174 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Androgens increase both the size and strength of skeletal muscle via diverse mechanisms. The aim of this review is to discuss the different cellular targets of androgens in skeletal muscle as well as the respective androgen actions in these cells leading to changes in proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and protein metabolism. Androgens bind and activate a specific nuclear receptor which will directly affect the transcription of target genes. These genes encode muscle-specific transcription factors, enzymes, structural proteins, as well as microRNAs. In addition, anabolic action of androgens is partly established through crosstalk with other signaling molecules such as Akt, myostatin, IGF-I, and Notch. Finally, androgens may also exert non-genomic effects in muscle by increasing Ca(2+) uptake and modulating kinase activities. In conclusion, the anabolic effect of androgens on skeletal muscle is not only explained by activation of the myocyte androgen receptor but is also the combined result of many genomic and non-genomic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dubois
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N1, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Iezaki T, Hinoi E, Yamamoto T, Ishiura R, Ogawa S, Yoneda Y. Amelioration by the Natural Polyamine Spermine of Cartilage and Bone Destruction in Rats With Collagen-Induced Arthritis. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 119:107-11. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11241sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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23
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Lee NKL, Skinner JPJ, Zajac JD, MacLean HE. Ornithine decarboxylase is upregulated by the androgen receptor in skeletal muscle and regulates myoblast proliferation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E172-9. [PMID: 21505150 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00094.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine if the Odc1 gene, which encodes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, is directly regulated by the androgen receptor (AR) in skeletal muscle myoblasts and if Odc1 regulates myoblast proliferation and differentiation. We previously showed that expression of Odc1 is decreased in muscle from AR knockout male mice. In this study, we show in vivo that Odc1 expression is also decreased >60% in muscle from male muscle-specific AR knockout mice. In normal muscle homeostasis, Odc1 expression is regulated by age and sex, reflecting testosterone levels, as muscle of adult male mice expresses high levels of Odc1 compared with age-matched females and younger males. In vitro, expression of Odc1 is 10- and 1.5-fold higher in proliferating mouse C(2)C(12) and human skeletal muscle myoblasts, respectively, than in differentiated myotubes. Dihydrotestosterone increases Odc1 levels 2.7- and 1.6-fold in skeletal muscle cell myoblasts after 12 and 24 h of treatment, respectively. Inhibition of ODC activity in C(2)C(12) myoblasts by α-difluoromethylornithine decreases myoblast number by 40% and 66% following 48 and 72 h of treatment, respectively. In contrast, overexpression of Odc1 in C(2)C(12) myoblasts results in a 27% increase in cell number vs. control when cells are grown under differentiation conditions for 96 h. This prolonged proliferation is associated with delayed differentiation, with reduced expression of the differentiation markers myogenin and Myf6 in Odc1-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, androgens act via the AR to upregulate Odc1 in skeletal muscle myoblasts, and Odc1 promotes myoblast proliferation and delays differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Androgens/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/drug effects
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/physiology
- Ornithine Decarboxylase/genetics
- Ornithine Decarboxylase/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/physiology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K L Lee
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Lee NKL, MacLean HE. Polyamines, androgens, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1453-60. [PMID: 21413019 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring polyamines, spermidine, spermine, and their precursor putrescine, play indispensible roles in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, from basic DNA synthesis to regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The rate-limiting polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, are essential for mammalian development, with knockout of the genes encoding these enzymes, Odc1 and Amd1, causing early embryonic lethality in mice. In muscle, the involvement of polyamines in muscle hypertrophy is suggested by the concomitant increase in cardiac and skeletal muscle mass and polyamine levels in response to anabolic agents including β-agonists. In addition to β-agonists, androgens, which increase skeletal mass and strength, have also been shown to stimulate polyamine accumulation in a number of tissues. In muscle, androgens act via the androgen receptor to regulate expression of polyamine biosynthetic enzyme genes, including Odc1 and Amd1, which may be one mechanism via which androgens promote muscle growth. This review outlines the role of polyamines in proliferation and hypertrophy, and explores their possible actions in mediating the anabolic actions of androgens in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K L Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Okazaki Y, Ohshima N, Yoshizawa I, Kamei Y, Mariggiò S, Okamoto K, Maeda M, Nogusa Y, Fujioka Y, Izumi T, Ogawa Y, Shiro Y, Wada M, Kato N, Corda D, Yanaka N. A novel glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase, GDE5, controls skeletal muscle development via a non-enzymatic mechanism. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27652-63. [PMID: 20576599 PMCID: PMC2934633 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.106708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GP-PDEs) have been identified recently and shown to be implicated in several physiological functions. This study isolated a novel GP-PDE, GDE5, and showed that GDE5 selectively hydrolyzes glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho) and controls skeletal muscle development. We show that GDE5 expression was reduced in atrophied skeletal muscles in mice and that decreasing GDE5 abundance promoted myoblastic differentiation, suggesting that decreased GDE5 expression has a counter-regulatory effect on the progression of skeletal muscle atrophy. Forced expression of full-length GDE5 in cultured myoblasts suppressed myogenic differentiation. Unexpectedly, a truncated GDE5 construct (GDE5DeltaC471), which contained a GP-PDE sequence identified in other GP-PDEs but lacked GroPCho phosphodiesterase activity, showed a similar inhibitory effect. Furthermore, transgenic mice specifically expressing GDE5DeltaC471 in skeletal muscle showed less skeletal muscle mass, especially type II fiber-rich muscle. These results indicate that GDE5 negatively regulates skeletal muscle development even without GroPCho phosphodiesterase activity, providing novel insight into the biological significance of mammalian GP-PDE function in a non-enzymatic mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line
- Cloning, Molecular
- Computational Biology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle Development
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Muscular Atrophy/enzymology
- Muscular Atrophy/genetics
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/chemistry
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/genetics
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Okazaki
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ohshima
- the Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ikumi Yoshizawa
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- the Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- the Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, 66030 Chieti, Italy
- the Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Keiko Okamoto
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nogusa
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Fujioka
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- the Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- the Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Shiro
- the RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, Hongo 679-5148, Japan, and
| | - Masanobu Wada
- the Department of Human Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Daniela Corda
- the Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, 66030 Chieti, Italy
- the Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Involvement of the ornithine decarboxylase/polyamine system in precondition-induced cardioprotection through an interaction with PKC in rat hearts. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 332:135-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bolster DR, Kubica N, Crozier SJ, Williamson DL, Farrell PA, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Immediate response of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signalling following acute resistance exercise in rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2003; 553:213-20. [PMID: 12937293 PMCID: PMC2343483 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.047019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signalling and some key regulatory proteins of translation initiation are altered in skeletal muscle during the immediate phase of recovery following acute resistance exercise. Rats were operantly conditioned to reach an illuminated bar located high on a Plexiglass cage, such that the animals completed concentric and eccentric contractions involving the hindlimb musculature. Gastrocnemius muscle was extracted immediately after acute exercise and 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min of recovery. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB) on Ser-473 peaked at 10 min of recovery (282% of control, P < 0.05) with no significant changes noted for mTOR phosphorylation on Ser-2448. Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) and S6 kinase-1 (S6K1), both downstream effectors of mTOR, were altered during recovery as well. 4E-BP1 phosphorylation was significantly elevated at 10 min (292%, P < 0.01) of recovery. S6K1 phosphorylation on Thr-389 demonstrated a trend for peak activation at 10 min following exercise (336%, P = 0.06) with ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation being maximally activated at 15 min of recovery (647%, P < 0.05). Components of the eIF4F complex were enhanced during recovery as eIF4E association with eIF4G peaked at 10 min (292%, P < 0.05). Events regulating the binding of initiator methionyl-tRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit were assessed through eIF2B activity and eIF2 alpha phosphorylation on Ser-51. No differences were noted with either eIF2B or eIF2 alpha. Collectively, these results provide strong evidence that mTOR-mediating signalling is transiently upregulated during the immediate period following resistance exercise and this response may constitute the most proximal growth response of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Bolster
- The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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von Deutsch DA, Abukhalaf IK, Wineski LE, Silvestrov NA, Bayorh MA, Potter DE. Changes in muscle proteins and spermidine content in response to unloading and clenbuterol treatment. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 81:28-39. [PMID: 12665255 DOI: 10.1139/y02-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic agents such clenbuterol (Cb) are useful tools for probing the mechanisms by which muscles respond to disuse. Cb was examined under different loading conditions with respect to its effects on muscle mass, protein (myofibrillar and cytosolic), and spermidine content in mature male rats. Compared with control treatment, Cb significantly increased loaded and unloaded soleus, plantaris, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) mass. Likewise, Cb significantly increased loaded and unloaded soleus (24.8 and 21.6%, respectively), plantaris (12.1 and 22.9%, respectively), and EDL (22.4 and 13.3%, respectively) myofibrillar protein content. After unloading, cytosolic proteins significantly increased in the EDL but decreased in the soleus and plantaris. Cb significantly increased cytosolic protein levels in all loaded muscles, while only causing increases in unloaded soleus. When compared with controls, unloading caused significant reductions in spermidine levels in the soleus (40.4%) and plantaris (35.9%) but caused increases in the EDL (54.8%). In contrast, Cb increased spermidine levels in unloaded soleus (42.9%), plantaris (102.8%), and EDL (287%). In loaded muscles, Cb increased spermidine levels in all three muscles, but to a lesser degree than under unloading conditions. Nonlinear regression analyses indicated that the plantaris behaves like a slow-twitch muscle under unloading conditions and like a fast-twitch muscle when loaded. This suggests that the responses of these muscles to unloading and (or) Cb treatment might be influenced by factors beyond fiber type alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A von Deutsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S.W., Atlanta, GA 30310-1495, U.S.A
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