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Poorzand H, Tsarouhas K, Hozhabrossadati SA, Khorrampazhouh N, Bondarsahebi Y, Bacopoulou F, Rezaee R, Jafarzadeh Esfehani R, Morovatdar N. Risk factors of premature coronary artery disease in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13124. [PMID: 31038733 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the mean age at which coronary artery disease (CAD) hase decreased in recent years in Iran. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the prevalence of different risk factors of premature CAD (PCAD) in patients vs healthy individuals. METHODS Medline, Web of Science, Embase and Scientific Information Database were searched for studies about PCAD risk factors in Iran until 28 October 2017. Observational studies of Iranians, comparing risk factors between patients with PCAD and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, were included. Fixed-effects and random-effects model were used for pooling data. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI and mean difference were used for effect size estimation among studies. RESULTS Twelve studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.9-3.03; P = 0.0001, I2 = 25.5%; P = 0.2), family history of CAD (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.22-3.6; P = 0.007, I2 = 86%; P = 0.0001), dyslipidaemia (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.15-3.64; P = 0.01, I2 = 54%; P = 0.08), smoking (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.11-2.46; P = 0.01, I2 = 77.2%; P = 0.000) and hypertension (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.21 to-1.50; P < 0.001, I2 = 31%, P = 0.1) associated with PCAD. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that patients with PCAD had significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and significantly higher levels of triglycerides compared to healthy subjects (MD: -2.56, 95% CI: -3.54 to -1.58, P < 0.001, I2 = 42%, P = 0.01 and MD: 21.17, 95% CI: 14.73-27.62, P < 0.001, I2 = 80.12%, P < 0.001, respectively). It should be noted that although high levels of heterogeneity in LDL and HDL values among the studies were observed, when dyslipidaemia was studied as a binary variable, no significant heterogeneity among studies was observed. CONCLUSION Diabetes mellitus, family history of CAD, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and hypertension were significantly and positively associated with CAD in young adults compared to healthy age- and sex-matched population in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoorak Poorzand
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Konstantinos Tsarouhas
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.,Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nastaran Khorrampazhouh
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yones Bondarsahebi
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece.,HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Morovatdar
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Genetic polymorphism of MTHFR C677T and premature coronary artery disease susceptibility: A meta-analysis. Gene 2015; 565:39-44. [PMID: 25839940 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association between 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism and premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is controversial. To explore a more precise estimation of the association, a meta-analysis was conducted in the present study. The relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, Cochrane Collaboration Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database and China Biological Medicine up to November, 2014. The meta-analysis was performed by STATA 11. 21 studies with a total of 6912 subjects, including 2972 PCAD patients and 3940 controls. The pooled analysis showed that MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was probably associated with PCAD (CT vs. CC: OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.01-1.27; dominant model: OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.04-1.29; recessive model: OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.00-1.40; allele analysis: OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.01-1.34). Subgroup analysis by plasma homocysteine concentration showed a significant association in the homocysteine >15μmol/L subgroup (CT vs. CC: OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.10-1.88; TT vs. CC: OR=2.51, 95% CI=1.12-5.63; dominant model: OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.16-1.96; recessive model: OR=2.33, 95% CI=1.05-5.20; allele analysis: OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.18-1.87). Subgroup analysis by continent displayed a significant association among the Asian population (CT vs. CC: OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.23-1.86; TT vs. CC: OR=2.81, 95% CI=1.87-4.23; dominant model: OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.35-2.01; recessive model: OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.53-3.21; allele analysis: OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.37-1.89). The statistical stability and reliability was demonstrated by sensitivity analysis and publication bias outcomes. In conclusion, the meta-analysis suggests that MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism may be associated with PCAD.
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Yoon KL, Ko JH, Shim KS, Han MY, Cha SH, Kim SK, Jung JH. Polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase are not a risk factor for Kawasaki disease in the Korean population. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2011; 54:335-9. [PMID: 22087200 PMCID: PMC3212703 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2011.54.8.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperhomocysteinemia is known as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Preclinical arteriosclerosis is noted and premature atherosclerosis is known to be accelerated in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. Genetic polymorphisms in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene result in elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations and are known to be associated with the development of coronary artery disease. Our hypothesis is that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MTHFR gene are related to the development of KD and coronary artery lesions (CALs). METHODS For this study, we selected 3 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2274976, rs1801131, and rs1801133) of MTHFR. These SNPs are located on chromosome 1p36.3. We included 101 KD patients and 306 healthy adults as controls in this study. CALs were seen in 38 patients. Genotypes of the selected SNPs were determined by direct sequencing and analyzed with SNPAlyze. RESULTS The genetic distribution and allelic frequency of the 3 MTHFR SNPs (rs2274976, rs1801131, and rs1801133) were not significantly different in patients with KD compared to the control group (P=0.71, 0.17, and 0.96, respectively). There was no difference in the genetic distribution of the MTHFR SNPs between the normal control group and the CAL group (P=0.43, 0.39, 0.52 respectively). CONCLUSION The genetic distribution of the MTHFR SNPs (rs2274976, rs1801131, and rs1801133) was not different in the KD group compared to the control group. In addition, the genetic distribution of these SNPs was not different in the CAL group compared to the control group in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Lim Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kye Shik Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Young Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung-Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Cha
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung-Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Kang Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Ho Jung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system are found in patients with severe hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Epidemiological studies show a positive, dose-dependent relationship between mild-to-moderate increases in plasma total homocysteine concentrations (Hcy) and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive impairment or stroke. HHcy is a surrogate marker for B vitamin deficiency (folate, B12, B6) and a neurotoxic agent. The concept of improving the patient's clinical outcome by lowering of Hcy with B vitamins seems to be attractive. Recent B vitamin supplementation trials demonstrated a slowing of brain atrophy and improvement in some domains of cognitive function. Meta-analysis of secondary prevention trials showed that B vitamins supplementation caused a decrease in plasma Hcy and a trend for lowering the risk of stroke. HHcy is common in elderly people. Therefore, it seems prudent to identify B vitamin deficient subjects and to ensure sufficient vitamin intake. Therefore, recent evidence supports the role of Hcy as a potential biomarker in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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Emre S, Sirin A, Ergen A, Bilge I, Sucu A, Yilmaz A, Isbir T. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism in patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Pediatr Int 2011; 53:358-62. [PMID: 20831652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2010.03247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Associations between several vascular diseases such as Kawasaki disease, venous and arterial thromboembolism, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism have been reported. This is a clinical study designed to investigate the possible effects of MTHFR C677T polymorphism on the development of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). METHODS Forty-one patients with HSP (25 male/16 female) with a mean age of 7.8 ± 2.9 years were included in the study. The control group consisted of 50 healthy children. MTHFR genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and by Hindf I restriction enzyme analysis and subsequent 3% agarose gel electrophoresis techniques. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the distribution of MTHFR genotypes or allele frequencies in the HSP cases versus controls. Plasma homocysteine levels and vitamin B(12) levels were almost comparable in the HSP patients and control group without a significant difference. Folic acid levels were within normal limits in the HSP cases and the control group, HSP patients' levels being significantly higher than the control group. No significant relationship was present with the MTHFR genotype and plasma homocysteine, vitamin B(12) and folic acid levels in HSP patients. CONCLUSION No association with MTHFR gene polymorphism and homocysteine plasma levels could be found in patients with HSP. The results of this study indicate that other mechanisms should be operative in the development of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Emre
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Istanbul, Turkey.
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Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad S. Relationship between three polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T, A1298C, and G1793A) gene and risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study. Prostate 2010; 70:1645-57. [PMID: 20564317 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene are associated with prostate cancer risk. METHODS We genotyped three MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T, A1298C, and G1793A) and measured serum total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, and vitamin B12 levels in a case-control study of 174 cases and 348 normal healthy controls. The cancer-free controls were frequency matched to the cases by age (±2 years), educational level, occupational status, ethnicity, and smoking status. RESULTS We found that the MTHFR 677TT and 1298CC genotypes were associated with an about 40% reduction in risk of prostate cancer (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41-0.94, and adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.32-0.91, respectively) compared to the 677CC, and 1298AA genotypes. The combined variant genotypes of 1298AC + 677CC were associated with a 30% reduction in risk of prostate cancer (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.53-0.79). In contrast, the variant genotypes of 1793GA + 677CT were associated with slightly increased risk for prostate cancer (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 0.86-2.15). Regarding prostate cancer aggressiveness, the 677TT genotype was associated with more than 50% decreased risk of high-grade prostate cancer (Gleason score >7) compared with the 677CC and 677CT genotypes (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.24-0.64; P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in plasma levels of tHcy, folate, and vitamin B12 between the two groups with any genotypes. CONCLUSION These data suggest that all three MTHFR polymorphisms may play a pivotal role in the developing prostate cancer. Larger studies in different ethnic populations and incorporating dietary folate intake are needed to replicate our findings.
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Isordia-Salas I, Trejo-Aguilar A, Valadés-Mejía MG, Santiago-Germán D, Leaños-Miranda A, Mendoza-Valdéz L, Jáuregui-Aguilar R, Borrayo-Sánchez G, Majluf-Cruz A. C677T polymorphism of the 5,10 MTHFR gene in young Mexican subjects with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Arch Med Res 2010; 41:246-50. [PMID: 20637366 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The C677T polymorphism of 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene has been associated with hypertension and coronary artery disease in several populations worldwide, but results are still controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the possible association of C677T polymorphism with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in young Mexican subjects. METHODS In a case-control study, 167 unrelated patients < or = 45 years of age with diagnosis of STEMI who were admitted to a cardiovascular intense care unit and 167 unrelated controls subjects matched by age and gender were recruited from January 2006 and June 2009. The C677T polymorphism was determined in all participants by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution between groups (p = 0.69) or allele frequency (p = 0.40). There were independent factors for STEMI: smoking (OR 4.9, 95% CI 3.0-8.1, p = 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.3, p = 0.03), family history of atherothrombotic disease (OR 2.3, 95% CI 2.0-4.6, p = 0.02), and dyslipidemia (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.8-5.6, p <0.001). Diabetes mellitus did not represent an independent risk factor for STEMI (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.2-2.2, p = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS The TT genotype from the C677T of 5,10 MTHFR gene is not an independent risk factor for STEMI in the Mexican population. However, more studies are needed to determine the possible "protective effect" of the C677T polymorphism in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Isordia-Salas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, H.G.R. No. 1, Dr. Carlos MacGregor Sánchez Navarro, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, D.F., México.
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Agueda L, Urreizti R, Bustamante M, Jurado S, Garcia-Giralt N, Díez-Pérez A, Nogués X, Mellibovsky L, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Analysis of three functional polymorphisms in relation to osteoporosis phenotypes: replication in a Spanish cohort. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:14-24. [PMID: 20390408 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex disease involving many putative genetic factors. Association analysis of functional SNPs in candidate genes is an important tool for their identification. However, this approach is affected by limited power, population stratification, and other drawbacks that lead to discordant results. Replication in independent cohorts is essential. We performed association analyses of three functional polymorphisms previously associated with bone phenotypes--namely, Ala222Val in MTHFR, Ile1062Val in LRP6, and -13910C>T in LCT--in a cohort of 944 postmenopausal Spanish women, all of them with lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) data and most with femoral neck (FN) BMD and fracture data. We found significant differences between genotypes only for the MTHFR polymorphism and vertebral factures, with an OR of 2.27 (95% CI 1.17-4.38) for the TT vs. CC/CT genotypes, P = 0.018. We present genotype and allele frequency data for LCT -13910C>T for a Spanish population, where the T allele (conferring lactase persistence) has a frequency of 38.6%. Genotype frequencies were consistent with observed clines in Europe and with the prevalence of lactase nonpersistence. The LCT -13910C>T polymorphism was significantly associated with height and weight, such that T allele carriers were 0.88 cm taller (95% CI 0.08-1.59 cm, P = 0.032, adjusted by age) than CC individuals and TT homozygotes were 1.91 kg heavier than CC/CT individuals (95% CI 0.11-3.71 kg, P = 0.038, adjusted by age). In conclusion, no significant association was observed between the studied polymorphisms and LS BMD or FN BMD in postmenopausal Spanish women, and only MTHFR Ala222Val was associated with vertebral fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Agueda
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Della-Morte D, Beecham A, Rundek T, Slifer S, Boden-Albala B, McClendon MS, Blanton SH, Sacco RL. Genetic linkage of serum homocysteine in Dominican families: the Family Study of Stroke Risk and Carotid Atherosclerosis. Stroke 2010; 41:1356-62. [PMID: 20489178 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.109.573626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Homocysteine levels are determined by genetic and environmental factors. Several studies have linked high plasma levels of total homocysteine to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and many other conditions. However, the exact mechanism of documented and novel total homocysteine quantitative trait loci to that risk is unknown. METHODS We have performed linkage analysis in 100 high-risk Dominican families with 1362 members. Probands were selected from the population-based Northern Manhattan Study. A set of 405 microsatellite markers was used to screen the whole genome. Variance components analysis was used to detect evidence for linkage after adjusting for stroke risk factors. Ordered-subset analysis based on Dominican Republic enrollment was conducted. RESULTS Total homocysteine levels had a heritability of 0.44 (P<0.0001). The most significant evidence for linkage was found at chromosome 17q24 (maximum logarithm of odds [MLOD]=2.66, P=0.0005) with a peak at D17S2193 and was significantly increased in a subset of families with a high proportion of Dominican Republic enrollment (MLOD=3.92, P=0.0022). Additionally, modest evidence for linkage was found at chromosome 2p21 (MLOD=1.77, P=0.0033) with a peak at D2S1356 and was significantly increased in a subset of families with a low proportion of Dominican Republic enrollment (MLOD=2.82, P=0.0097). CONCLUSIONS We found a strong evidence for novel quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 2 and 17 for total homocysteine plasma levels in Dominican families. Our family study provides essential data for a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms associated with elevated total homocysteine levels leading to cardiovascular disease after accounting for environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Della-Morte
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Clinical Research Building, Miami, Fla 33136, USA.
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Jiang S, Yu Y, Venners SA, Zhang Y, Xing H, Wang X, Xu X. Effects of MTHFR and MS gene polymorphisms on baseline blood pressure and Benazepril effectiveness in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 25:172-7. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2010.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rallidis LS, Gialeraki A, Komporozos C, Vavoulis P, Pavlakis G, Travlou A, Lekakis I, Kremastinos DT. Role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C->T polymorphism in the development of premature myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2008; 200:115-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Urreizti R, Asteggiano C, Vilaseca MA, Corbella E, Pintó X, Grinberg D, Balcells S. A CBS haplotype and a polymorphism at the MSR gene are associated with cardiovascular disease in a Spanish case–control study. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:864-8. [PMID: 17553479 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms present in genes related to homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism with coronary artery disease (CAD). DESIGN AND METHODS We examined 8 polymorphisms in the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), methionine synthase (MS), methionine synthase reductase (MSR) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes in 140 CAD patients and 113 controls, by means of Chi-square, logistic regression, ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The c.66 G allele of MSR conferred an odds-ratio for CAD of 1.76 (95% CI 1.12-2.77), while a CBS haplotype [c.699C-c.844wt-c.1080C] was found over-represented in CAD [OR of 2.16 (1.29-3.63)]. CONCLUSIONS Our results not only highlight the involvement of the MSR and CBS genes in the etiology of cardiovascular disease, but also emphasize the strength of haplotype analyses in association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Urreizti
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, Av Diagonal, 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Pintó X. Vitaminas para disminuir la homocisteína y prevenir las enfermedades cardiovasculares: ¿alimentos o suplementos? Med Clin (Barc) 2006; 127:535-7. [PMID: 17145002 DOI: 10.1157/13093736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sadeghian S, Fallahi F, Salarifar M, Davoodi G, Mahmoodian M, Fallah N, Darvish S, Karimi A. Homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate levels in premature coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2006; 6:38. [PMID: 17002799 PMCID: PMC1592513 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-6-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia is known as an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, but the probable role of hyperhomocysteinemia in premature Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is not well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the role of hyperhomocysteinemia, folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency in the development of premature CAD. METHODS We performed an analytical case-control study on 294 individuals under 45 years (225 males and 69 females) who were admitted for selective coronary angiography to two centers in Tehran. RESULTS After considering the exclusion criteria, a total number of 225 individuals were enrolled of which 43.1% had CAD. The mean age of participants was 39.9 +/- 4.3 years (40.1 +/- 4.2 years in males and 39.4 +/- 4.8 years in females). Compared to the control group, the level of homocysteine measured in the plasma of the male participants was significantly high (14.9 +/- 1.2 versus 20.3 +/- 1.9 micromol/lit, P = 0.01). However there was no significant difference in homocysteine level of females with and without CAD (11.8 +/- 1.3 versus 11.5 +/- 1.1 micromol/lit, P = 0.87). Mean plasma level of folic acid and vitamin B12 in the study group were 6.3 +/- 0.2 and 282.5 +/- 9.1 respectively. Based on these findings, 10.7% of the study group had folate deficiency while 26.6% had Vitamin B12 deficiency. Logistic regression analysis for evaluating independent CAD risk factors showed hyperhomocysteinemia as an independent risk factor for premature CAD in males (OR = 2.54 0.95% CI 1.23 to 5.22, P = 0.01). Study for the underlying causes of hyperhomocysteinemia showed that male gender and Vitamin B12 deficiency had significant influence on incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia. CONCLUSION We may conclude that hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for CAD in young patients (below 45 years old)--especially in men--and vitamin B12 deficiency is a preventable cause of hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sadeghian
- Assistant Professor of Cardiology, Research Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Fallahi
- Assistant Professor of Cardiology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Salarifar
- Assistant Professor of Interventional Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Davoodi
- Assistant Professor of Cardiology, Research Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Mahmoodian
- Researcher, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Fallah
- Regular member of board, Department of Biostatistics, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Darvish
- Researcher, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Karimi
- Associated Professor of cardiac surgery, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Emam Sultan I, Abbas H, Abdulkader El-Reweny A, Ahmed Khalafala O, El-Abd D, Mosaad N. Effect of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Mutation on Plasma Homocysteine Level and its Prevalence in Arterial Diseases. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1658-3612(06)70004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Vilella E, Virgos C, Murphy M, Martorell L, Valero J, Simó JM, Joven J, Fernández-Ballart J, Labad A. Further evidence that hyperhomocysteinemia and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1289C polymorphisms are not risk factors for schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2005; 29:1169-74. [PMID: 16076517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms are risk factors for schizophrenia. We conducted a case-control study to investigate whether tHcy levels and MTHFR C677T and A1298C variants are associated with schizophrenia, giving special consideration to confounding factors. Logistic regression analysis showed that neither tHcy nor MTHFR polymorphisms were associated with schizophrenia. Homozygosity for MTHFR C677T was associated with higher tHcy concentrations in control and schizophrenia groups (P<0.01), which was mainly driven by the male group. The A1298C variant did not show any association with tHcy concentrations. In conclusion, these results do not confirm an independent relationship of tHcy and MTHFR genotype with risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Vilella
- Psychiatric University Hospital Institut Pere Mata, Unitat de Psiquiatria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
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17
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Also-Rallo E, Lopez-Quesada E, Urreizti R, Vilaseca MA, Lailla JM, Balcells S, Grinberg D. Polymorphisms of genes involved in homocysteine metabolism in preeclampsia and in uncomplicated pregnancies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2005; 120:45-52. [PMID: 15866085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2003] [Revised: 08/17/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible relationship between preeclampsia and polymorphisms in the main genes involved in folate-homocysteine metabolism. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study: 43 patients with preeclampsia and 122 controls without pregnancy complications. Laboratory studies: tHcy and other amino acids, folate and vitamin B(12) and polymorphisms: 677C > T and 1298A > C (MTHFR); 699C > T, 844ins68 and 1080C > T (CBS); 2756A > G (MTR); and 66G > A, IVS1+766G > A and IVS1+754A > C (MTRR). RESULTS Plasma tHcy and folate values were significantly higher (P = 0.004 and P = 0.019), while Met/tHcy ratios were lower (P < 0.001) in the patients compared with controls. No association was observed between polymorphisms tested and preeclampsia. In the control group, four such associations were found: the 1298A > C polymorphism (MTHFR) with the ratio Met/tHcy (P = 0.014); the 699C > T polymorphism (CBS) with the ratio tHcy/SigmaAA (P = 0.013); the 2756A > G polymorphism (MTR) with tHcy (P = 0.034); and the IVS1+766G > A polymorphism (MTRR) with hyperhomocysteinemia (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION An association between the polymorphisms analysed and preeclampsia could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Also-Rallo
- Department of Genetics of the University of Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Pintó X, Vilaseca MA, Balcells S, Artuch R, Corbella E, Meco JF, Vila R, Pujol R, Grinberg D. A folate-rich diet is as effective as folic acid from supplements in decreasing plasma homocysteine concentrations. Int J Med Sci 2005; 2:58-63. [PMID: 15968341 PMCID: PMC1145135 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: At least 500 mug of folic acid are required daily to treat hyperhomocysteinemia. To reach this amount by dietary changes alone may be difficult because food has a low folic acid content and bioavailability. No studies have compared the effects of similar amounts of additional folate derived from a combination of folate-rich and fortified foods or folic acid from supplements on plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations, which was the aim of this study. Methods: Twenty male patients with hyperhomocysteinemia and coronary artery disease were included in a randomized, crossover intervention trial. Patients were treated daily with a combination of foods containing approximately 500 mug of folate or with one 500 mug capsule of synthetic folic acid over two five-week periods separated by a five-week wash-out period. Results: Plasma folate increased markedly (p<0.001) and plasma tHcy decreased (p<0.001) with both therapies. Folate-rich foods decreased tHcy by 8.6% (95% CI: -15.9 to -1.2) and synthetic folic acid capsules by 8% (95% CI: -13.3 to -2.7). Conclusions: This study shows, for the first time in the literature, that a folate-rich diet is as effective as folic acid capsules in decreasing plasma tHcy concentrations and adds further support to the recommendation of those diets to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Pintó
- 1. Unitat de Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, c/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Antonia Vilaseca
- 2. Unitat de Metabolopaties. Servei de Bioquimica. Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu. Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Susana Balcells
- 3. Departament de Genètica. Facultat de Biologia. Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona. Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- 2. Unitat de Metabolopaties. Servei de Bioquimica. Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu. Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Emili Corbella
- 1. Unitat de Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, c/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José F. Meco
- 1. Unitat de Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, c/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Vila
- 4. Servei d'Angiologia i Cirurgia Vascular. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, c/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Pujol
- 1. Unitat de Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, c/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- 3. Departament de Genètica. Facultat de Biologia. Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona. Spain
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19
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Herrmann W. Where Are We Standing in Homocysteine Research? Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:1389-91. [PMID: 14656015 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Fernández-Miranda C, Paz M, Aranda JL, Núñez V, Gómez P, Díaz-Rubio P, Martínez J, Gómez de la Cámara A. Homocisteína y progresión de la aterosclerosis de la arteria carótida en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria. Med Clin (Barc) 2003; 121:561-4. [PMID: 14622521 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(03)74017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a marker of generalized atherosclerosis. Sequential evaluation of carotid IMT has permitted to know the factors involved in its progression. However, there are few studies about the influence of homocysteine in such progression. The aim of this work was to know the effect of homocysteine values on the evolution of carotid IMT in patients with coronary disease. PATIENTS AND METHOD Carotid IMT (baseline and after 4 years of follow-up) was evaluated by a B-mode ultrasonography in 187 patients with coronary disease (166 males and 21 females; age: mean [standard deviation], 60 [7] years); 185 patients were treated with statins from the beginning of the study. RESULTS Carotid IMT progression was confirmed in 59 patients (31.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 25.0-38.7%). Cardiovascular risk factors, basal biochemical parameters and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase-C677T polymorphism were similar in patients with and without progression except for homocysteine values which were higher in the former (13.3 [5.3]; 95% CI, 12.0-14.6 vs 11.1 [3.5]; 95% CI, 10.5-11.7 (mol/l; p = 0.001). Biochemical changes at the end of the study were similar in both groups. In the multivariate analysis, IMT progression was associated with basal values of homocysteine (odds ratio [OR] 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.31; p = 0.0008), female gender (OR 3.50; 95% CI, 1.17-10.50; p = 0.02), hypertension (OR 2.52; 95% CI, 1.14-5.59; p = 0.02) and basal high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol values (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.98; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The concentration of homocysteine is associated with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease treated with statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Fernández-Miranda
- Unidad de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid. Spain.
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21
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González-Pérez E, Via M, López-Alomar A, Esteban E, Valveny N, Bao M, Domingo E, Moral P. Lack of association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and ischaemic heart disease (IHD): family-based association study in a Spanish population. Clin Genet 2002; 62:235-9. [PMID: 12220440 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.620309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, traditionally associated with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), was assessed in a Spanish population. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to determine a possible association in a sample of 101 trios of IHD patients. The distribution of MTHFR genotypes was similar in the IHD subjects and the parental group; the TT genotype was present in 14.9% of IHD patients, as compared to 15.2% in the parents. The frequency of the T allele was also similar in IHD cases and parents (39.6% vs. 42.4%; p = 0.649). The TDT confirmed that the observed transmission of the T allele did not deviate significantly from the expected one (chi2 = 0.743; p > 0.4). Our TDT analysis clearly demonstrates a lack of association between the T allele of the C677T mutation in MTHFR and cardiovascular artery disease, both for the general group and for different risk subgroups (smokers, hypertension, male sex, overweight and type A behaviour pattern) in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E González-Pérez
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Unitat d'Hemodinàmica, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebron, Spain
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22
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Mainou Cid C, García Giralt N, Vilaseca Buscà M, Ferrer Codina I, Meco López JF, Mainou Pintó A, Pintó Sala X, Grinberg Vaisman D, Balcells Comas S. Hiperhomocistinemia y polimorfismo 677C → T de la 5,10-metilenotetrahidrofolato reductasa en hijos de pacientes con enfermedad coronaria prematura. An Pediatr (Barc) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1695-4033(02)77836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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23
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Vilaseca MA, Sierra C, Colomé C, Artuch R, Valls C, Muñoz-Almagro C, Vilches MA, Fortuny C. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and folate deficiency in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Eur J Clin Invest 2001; 31:992-8. [PMID: 11737242 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was the detection of possible deficiencies of folate and cobalamin by the measurement of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) in 69 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected children on antiretroviral treatment. We studied the relationship of these vitamins and methionine with tHcy values. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma tHcy was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, folate and cobalamin by competitive protein-binding chemiluminescence, and methionine by ion exchange chromatography. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between tHcy concentrations in the HIV-infected patients and the reference values for children of similar ages (P < 0.0001). Folate values were significantly lower in HIV-infected children compared with our reference paediatric population (P < 0.0001), but cobalamin concentrations were similar between patients and reference values. A significantly negative correlation was found between tHcy and folate (r = - 0.596; P < 0.0001), and a significantly positive correlation between folate and the methionine : tHcy ratio (r = 0.501; P < 0.0001). Plasma tHcy was significantly higher (P = 0.008), while folate values and methionine : tHcy ratios were significantly lower (P = 0.007 and P = 0.042), in patients on protease inhibitor treatment than in patients on other antiretroviral therapies. CONCLUSIONS The hyperhomocysteinaemia and low methionine : tHcy ratios observed in our group of HIV-infected children are probably a consequence of the low folate values, which interfere in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Patients on protease inhibitor treatment showed significantly higher plasma tHcy concentrations, and lower folate values and methionine : tHcy ratios, compared with patients on other antiretroviral therapies. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is associated with the risk of premature stroke, which may have adverse consequences in the evolution of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vilaseca
- Servei de Bioquimica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Blom HJ. Mutated 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, hyperhomocysteinemia and risk for cardiovascular disease. Nature, nurture or nonsense? Eur J Clin Invest 2001; 31:6-8. [PMID: 11168432 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Blom
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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