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Wu C, Tanaka R, Fujiyoshi K, Akaji Y, Hirobe M, Miki N, Li J, Sakamoto K, Gao J. The Impact of Phenological Gaps on Leaf Characteristics and Foliage Dynamics of an Understory Dwarf Bamboo, Sasa kurilensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:719. [PMID: 38475565 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Phenological gaps exert a significant influence on the growth of dwarf bamboos. However, how dwarf bamboos respond to and exploit these phenological gaps remain enigmatic. The light environment, soil nutrients, leaf morphology, maximum photosynthetic rate, foliage dynamics, and branching characteristics of Sasa kurilensis were examined under the canopies of Fagus crenata and Magnolia obovata. The goal was to elucidate the adaptive responses of S. kurilensis to phenological gaps in the forest understory. The findings suggest that phenological gaps under an M. obovata canopy augment the available biomass of S. kurilensis, enhancing leaf area, leaf thickness, and carbon content per unit area. However, these gaps do not appreciably influence the maximum photosynthetic rate, total leaf number, leaf lifespan, branch number, and average branch length. These findings underscore the significant impact of annually recurring phenological gaps on various aspects of S. kurilensis growth, such as its aboveground biomass, leaf morphology, and leaf biochemical characteristics. It appears that leaf morphology is a pivotal trait in the response of S. kurilensis to phenological gaps. Given the potential ubiquity of the influence of phenological gaps on dwarf bamboos across most deciduous broadleaf forests, this canopy phenomenon should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wu
- Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology/International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kyohei Fujiyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Akaji
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Muneto Hirobe
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoko Miki
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Juan Li
- Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology/International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Keiji Sakamoto
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jian Gao
- Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology/International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100102, China
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2
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González-Rebeles G, Terrazas T, Méndez-Alonzo R, Paz H, Brodribb TJ, Tinoco-Ojanguren C. Leaf water relations reflect canopy phenology rather than leaf life span in Sonoran Desert trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1627-1640. [PMID: 33611521 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants from arid environments display covarying traits to survive or resist drought. Plant drought resistance and ability to survive long periods of low soil water availability should involve leaf phenology coordination with leaf and stem functional traits related to water status. This study tested correlations between phenology and functional traits involved in plant water status regulation in 10 Sonoran Desert tree species with contrasting phenology. Species seasonal variation in plant water status was defined by calculating their relative positions along the iso/anisohydric regulation continuum based on their hydroscape areas (HA)-a metric derived from the relationship between predawn and midday water potentials-and stomatal and hydraulic traits. Additionally, functional traits associated with plant water status regulation, including lamina vessel hydraulic diameter (DHL), stem-specific density (SSD) and leaf mass per area (LMA) were quantified per species. To characterize leaf phenology, leaf longevity (LL) and canopy foliage duration (FD) were determined. Hydroscape area was strongly correlated with FD but not with leaf longevity (LL); HA was significantly associated with SSD and leaf hydraulic traits (DHL, LMA) but not with stem hydraulic traits (vulnerability index, relative conductivity); and FD was strongly correlated with LMA and SSD. Leaf physiological characteristics affected leaf phenology when it was described as canopy FD better than when described as LL. Stem and leaf structure and hydraulic functions were not only relevant for categorizing species along the iso/anisohydric continuum but also allowed identifying different strategies of desert trees within the 'fast-slow' plant economics spectrum. The results in this study pinpoint the set of evolutionary pressures that shape the Sonoran Desert Scrub physiognomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina González-Rebeles
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Hermosillo, Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, 83250 Los Arcos, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Teresa Terrazas
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Zona Deportiva S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rodrigo Méndez-Alonzo
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, 22860 Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Horacio Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, 58190 Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Tim J Brodribb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tasmania, 7005 Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Clara Tinoco-Ojanguren
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Hermosillo, Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, 83250 Los Arcos, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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Zheng S, Webber BL, Didham RK, Chen C, Yu M. Disentangling biotic and abiotic drivers of intraspecific trait variation in woody plant seedlings at forest edges. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9728-9740. [PMID: 34306658 PMCID: PMC8293732 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In fragmented forests, edge effects can drive intraspecific variation in seedling performance that influences forest regeneration and plant composition. However, few studies have attempted to disentangle the relative biotic and abiotic drivers of intraspecific variation in seedling performance. In this study, we carried out a seedling transplant experiment with a factorial experimental design on three land-bridge islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China, using four common native woody plant species. At different distances from the forest edge (2, 8, 32, 128 m), we transplanted four seedlings of each species into each of three cages: full-cage, for herbivore exclusion; half-cage, that allowed herbivore access but controlled for caging artifacts; and no-cage control. In the 576 cages, we recorded branch architecture, leaf traits, and seedling survival for each seedling before and after the experimental treatment. Overall, after one full growing season, edge-induced abiotic drivers and varied herbivory pressure led to intraspecific variation in seedling performance, including trade-offs in seedling architecture and resource-use strategies. However, responses varied across species with different life-history strategies and depended on the driver in question, such that the abiotic and biotic effects were additive across species, rather than interactive. Edge-induced abiotic variation modified seedling architecture of a shade-tolerant species, leading to more vertical rather than lateral growth at edges. Meanwhile, increased herbivory pressure resulted in a shift toward lower dry matter investment in leaves of a light-demanding species. Our results suggest that edge effects can drive rapid directional shifts in the performance and intraspecific traits of some woody plants from early ontogenetic stages, but most species in this study showed negligible phenotypic responses to edge effects. Moreover, species-specific responses suggest the importance of interspecific differences modulating the degree of trait plasticity, implying the need to incorporate individual-level responses when understanding the impact of forest fragmentation on plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Zheng
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Centre for Environment and Life SciencesCSIRO Health & BiosecurityFloreatWAAustralia
| | - Bruce L. Webber
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Centre for Environment and Life SciencesCSIRO Health & BiosecurityFloreatWAAustralia
- Western Australian Biodiversity Science InstitutePerthWAAustralia
| | - Raphael K. Didham
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Centre for Environment and Life SciencesCSIRO Health & BiosecurityFloreatWAAustralia
| | - Chun Chen
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Mingjian Yu
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Zhu L, Hu Y, Zhao P. Interspecific variations in tree allometry and functional traits in subtropical plantations in southern China. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:558-564. [PMID: 32345434 DOI: 10.1071/fp19325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stability against buckling and water transport resistance through xylem vary with increasing tree height. To explore interspecific allometry based on morphological and physiological traits can play a crucial role in revealing their ecological adaptation. Four architectural traits (tree height, diameter at the breast height (DBH), crown width and crown depth) and seven functional traits (specific leaf area (SLA), leaf total carbon concentration (TC), midday leaf water potential, leaf δ13C and δ18O, wood density and xylem water transport efficiency) were measured in Schima superba, Acacia auriculiformis and Eucalyptus citriodora plantations in the subtropical region of China. The mechanical stability declined in the order of S. superba > A. auriculiformis > E. citriodora. Taller species at a given DBH had slender stems and narrower crowns. Smaller leaf δ18O and more efficient xylem water transport were observed in two taller tree species, A. auriculiformis and E. citriodora. Smaller SLA, higher leaf TC and larger leaf area indicated more carbon allocation to leaves of S. superba. The variations in architectural and functional traits with tree allometry among tree species may provide a more complete understanding of species-specific growth strategies in this subtropical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Corresponding author.
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5
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Fan Z, Chen B, Liao H, Zhou G, Peng S. The effect of allometric partitioning on herbivory tolerance in four species in South China. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11647-11656. [PMID: 31695875 PMCID: PMC6822029 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivory tolerance can offset the negative effects of herbivory on plants and plays an important role in both immigration and population establishment. Biomass reallocation is an important potential mechanism of herbivory tolerance. To understand how biomass allocation affects plant herbivory tolerance, it is necessary to distinguish the biomass allocations resulting from environmental gradients or plant growth. There is generally a tight balance between the amounts of biomass invested in different organs, which must be analyzed by means of an allometric model. The allometric exponent is not affected by individual growth and can reflect the changes in biomass allocation patterns of different parts. Therefore, the allometric exponent was chosen to study the relationship between biomass allocation pattern and herbivory tolerance. We selected four species (Wedelia chinensis, Wedelia trilobata, Merremia hederacea, and Mikania micrantha), two of which are invasive species and two of which are accompanying native species, and established three herbivory levels (0%, 25% and 50%) to compare differences in allometry. The biomass allocation in stems was negatively correlated with herbivory tolerance, while that in leaves was positively correlated with herbivory tolerance. Furthermore, the stability of the allometric exponent was related to tolerance, indicating that plants with the ability to maintain their biomass allocation patterns are more tolerant than those without this ability, and the tendency to allocate biomass to leaves rather than to stems or roots helps increase this tolerance. The allometric exponent was used to remove the effects of individual development on allocation pattern, allowing the relationship between biomass allocation and herbivory tolerance to be more accurately explored. This research used an allometric model to fit the nonlinear process of biomass partitioning during the growth and development of plants and provides a new understanding of the relationship between biomass allocation and herbivory tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe‐Xuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bao‐Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui‐Xuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shao‐Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina
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6
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Brown C, Oppon KJ, Cahill JF. Species‐specific size vulnerabilities in a competitive arena: Nutrient heterogeneity and soil fertility alter plant competitive size asymmetries. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Kenneth J. Oppon
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - James F. Cahill
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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7
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Annighöfer P, Seidel D, Mölder A, Ammer C. Advanced Aboveground Spatial Analysis as Proxy for the Competitive Environment Affecting Sapling Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:690. [PMID: 31191589 PMCID: PMC6546886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tree saplings are exposed to a competitive growth environment in which resources are limited and the ability to adapt determines general vitality and specific growth performance. In this study we analyzed the aboveground spatial neighborhood of oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings growing in Germany, by using hemispherical photography and terrestrial laser scanning as proxy for the competitive pressure saplings were exposed to. The hemispherical images were used to analyze the light availability and the three-dimensional (3D) point clouds from the laser scanning were used to assess the space and forest structure around the saplings. The aim was to increase the precision with which the biomass allocation, growth, and morphology of the saplings could be predicted by including more detailed information of their environment. The predictive strength of the models was especially increased through direct neighborhood variables (e.g., relative space filling), next to the light availability being the most important predictor variable. The biomass allocation patterns within the more light demanding oak were strongly driven by the space availability around the saplings. Diameter and height growth variables of both species reacted significantly to changes in light availability, and partly also to the neighborhood variables. The leaf morphology [as leaf-area ratio (LAR)] was also driven by light availability and decreased with increasing light availability. However, the branch morphology (as mean branch weight) could not be explained for oak and the model outcome for beech was hard to interpret. The results could show that individuals of the same species perform differently under constant light conditions but differing neighborhoods. Assessing the neighborhood of trees with highly precise measurement devices, like terrestrial laser scanners, proved to be useful. However, the primary response to a dense neighborhood seemed to be coping with a reduction of the lateral light availability aboveground, rather than responding to an increase of competition belowground. The results suggest continuing efforts to increase the precision with which plant environments can be described through innovative and efficient methods, like terrestrial laser scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Annighöfer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Seidel
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mölder
- Department A (Forest Growth), Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Samojeden CG, Artusi ÁC, Delevatti HAA, Milesi SV, Cansian RL, Kissmann C, Sausen TL. Light environment influences the flood tolerance in Cordia americana (L.) Gottschling & J.S.Mill. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:2945-2953. [PMID: 30304226 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The subtropical riverine forests present a variation in soil water availability throughout the year, following precipitation seasonality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the responses of Cordia americana to different light intensities combined with soil flooding. Seedlings were acclimated to light treatments, with full sun and shade conditions. Sun and shade plants were subjected to soil flooding during periods of 10 (short) and 30 (longer) days. After 10 days, flooded plants had a higher root dry mass accumulation and soluble sugars content, regardless of the light condition. Shade plants presented higher shoot soluble sugars content in relation to the sun plants. After 30 days, a higher shoot soluble sugar content was observed in sun and shade flooded plants. In addition, a higher root soluble sugar content was also observed in sun plants under flood. Periods of short flooding, characterized in subtropical forests as from 5 to 15 days, favor the growth of shade plants and the roots sugar accumulation, fact that can explain the species distribution. However, long periods of flooding may be associated with light environment plasticity, suggesting that the sun plants present a higher flooding tolerance, directly associated with the ability to maintain the sugar content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G Samojeden
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Sete de Setembro, 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Ághata C Artusi
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Sete de Setembro, 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Heliur A A Delevatti
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Sete de Setembro, 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia V Milesi
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Sete de Setembro, 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogério L Cansian
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Sete de Setembro, 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Kissmann
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanise L Sausen
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Sete de Setembro, 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
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Dillis C, Marshall AJ, Webb CO, Grote MN. Prolific fruit output by the invasive tree
Bellucia pentamera
Naudin (Melastomataceae) is enhanced by selective logging disturbance. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dillis
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of California‐Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
- Graduate Group in Ecology University of California‐Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Andrew J. Marshall
- Department of Anthropology Program in the Environment, and School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan 1085 S. University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program in the Environment, and School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan 1085 S. University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Mark N. Grote
- Department of Anthropology University of California‐Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
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Charbonnier F, Roupsard O, le Maire G, Guillemot J, Casanoves F, Lacointe A, Vaast P, Allinne C, Audebert L, Cambou A, Clément-Vidal A, Defrenet E, Duursma RA, Jarri L, Jourdan C, Khac E, Leandro P, Medlyn BE, Saint-André L, Thaler P, Van Den Meersche K, Barquero Aguilar A, Lehner P, Dreyer E. Increased light-use efficiency sustains net primary productivity of shaded coffee plants in agroforestry system. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1592-1608. [PMID: 28382683 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In agroforestry systems, shade trees strongly affect the physiology of the undergrown crop. However, a major paradigm is that the reduction in absorbed photosynthetically active radiation is, to a certain extent, compensated by an increase in light-use efficiency, thereby reducing the difference in net primary productivity between shaded and non-shaded plants. Due to the large spatial heterogeneity in agroforestry systems and the lack of appropriate tools, the combined effects of such variables have seldom been analysed, even though they may help understand physiological processes underlying yield dynamics. In this study, we monitored net primary productivity, during two years, on scales ranging from individual coffee plants to the entire plot. Absorbed radiation was mapped with a 3D model (MAESPA). Light-use efficiency and net assimilation rate were derived for each coffee plant individually. We found that although irradiance was reduced by 60% below crowns of shade trees, coffee light-use efficiency increased by 50%, leaving net primary productivity fairly stable across all shade levels. Variability of aboveground net primary productivity of coffee plants was caused primarily by the age of the plants and by intraspecific competition among them (drivers usually overlooked in the agroforestry literature) rather than by the presence of shade trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Charbonnier
- CONACyT research fellow, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, 29290, Chiapas, Mexico
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Roupsard
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), 7170, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Fernando Casanoves
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), 7170, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - André Lacointe
- Inra, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 547 PIAF, F-63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Vaast
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, PO Box 30677, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Clémentine Allinne
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), 7170, Turrialba, Costa Rica
- CIRAD, Inra, SupAgro-Montpellier, UMR System, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Remko A Duursma
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2751, New South West, Australia
| | - Laura Jarri
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Patricia Leandro
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), 7170, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2751, New South West, Australia
| | - Laurent Saint-André
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- Inra, Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | | | - Karel Van Den Meersche
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), 7170, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | - Peter Lehner
- Cafetalera Aquiares S.A., PO Box 362-7150, Turrialba, 7150, Costa Rica
| | - Erwin Dreyer
- Inra, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1137 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières', F54280, Champenoux, France
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11
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Rolo V, Olivier PI, van Aarde R. Tree and bird functional groups as indicators of recovery of regenerating subtropical coastal dune forests. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Rolo
- Conservation Ecology Research Unit (CERU); University of Pretoria; Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Pieter I. Olivier
- Conservation Ecology Research Unit (CERU); University of Pretoria; Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Rudolph van Aarde
- Conservation Ecology Research Unit (CERU); University of Pretoria; Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
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12
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Wang L, Wang J, Liu W, Gan Y, Wu Y. Biomass Allocation, Compensatory Growth and Internal C/N Balance ofLolium perennein Response to Defoliation and Light Treatments. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2016.64.4.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu WG, Liu JX, Yao ML, Ma QF. Salt tolerance of a wild ecotype of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) in southern China. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2016; 57:27. [PMID: 28597437 PMCID: PMC5430580 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-016-0142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) is widely used in more than 120 countries for land management (e.g. rehabilitation of saline lands). A wild ecotype of vetiver grass was found in southern China in the 1950s, but little is known about its adaptability to saline stress. For the purpose of understanding its tolerance to salinity as well as corresponding tolerance mechanisms, in a greenhouse with natural lighting, seedlings were grown in culture solutions and subjected to a range of NaCl concentrations for 18 days. RESULTS Compared to no NaCl treatment, 200 mM NaCl significantly reduced leaf water potential, leaf water content, leaf elongation rate, leaf photosynthetic rate and plant relative growth rate and increased leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but the parameters showed only slight reduction at 150 mM NaCl. In addition, salinity caused an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves. Moreover, increasing NaCl levels significantly increased Na+ but decreased K+ concentrations in both roots and leaves. The leaves had higher K+ concentrations at all NaCl levels, but lower Na+ concentrations compared to the roots, thereby maintaining higher K+/Na+ ratio in leaves. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the salinity threshold of this wild vetiver grass is about 100 mM NaCl, i.e. highly tolerant to salt stress. This wild vetiver grass has a high ability to exclude Na+ and retain K+ in its leaves, which is a critical strategy for salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-gou Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-xiang Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-ling Yao
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-fu Ma
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
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Liu W, Su J. Effects of light acclimation on shoot morphology, structure, and biomass allocation of two Taxus species in southwestern China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35384. [PMID: 27734944 PMCID: PMC5062112 DOI: 10.1038/srep35384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acclimation to changing light conditions plays a crucial role in determining the competitive capability of tree species. There is currently limited information about acclimation to natural light gradient and its effect on shoot structure and biomass in Taxus species. We examined the acclimation of the leaf and shoot axis morphology, structure and biomass allocation of Taxus yunnanensis and T. chinensis var. mairei under three different natural light environments, full daylight, 40-60% full daylight and <10% full daylight. The leaf biomass, nitrogen content per unit area, leaf carbon content per dry mass and leaf dry mass to fresh mass ratio increased with light in both species, demonstrating an enhanced investment of photosynthetic biomass and structural investment under high light. The number of leaves per unit shoot axis length and the leaf dry mass per unit shoot axis length increased with light in both species. However, the light increase did not result in the increase of the total shoot mass. T. yunnanensis produced larger leaves under low light and a higher shoot axis length per unit dry mass under high light, whereas the leaf size and biomass yield of T. chinensis var. mairei were not sensitive to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wande Liu
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China
- Pu’er Forest Eco-system Research Station, China’s State Forestry Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jianrong Su
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China
- Pu’er Forest Eco-system Research Station, China’s State Forestry Administration, Kunming 650224, China
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Yan B, Ji Z, Fan B, Wang X, He G, Shi L, Liu G. Plants adapted to nutrient limitation allocate less biomass into stems in an arid-hot grassland. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1232-1240. [PMID: 27101947 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomass allocation can exert a great influence on plant resource acquisition and nutrient use. However, the role of biomass allocation strategies in shaping plant community composition under nutrient limitations remains poorly addressed. We hypothesized that species-specific allocation strategies can affect plant adaptation to nutrient limitations, resulting in species turnover and changes in community-level biomass allocations across nutrient gradients. In this study, we measured species abundance and the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves and soil nutrients in an arid-hot grassland. We quantified species-specific allocation parameters for stems vs leaves based on allometric scaling relationships. Species-specific stem vs leaf allocation parameters were weighted with species abundances to calculate the community-weighted means driven by species turnover. We found that the community-weighted means of biomass allocation parameters were significantly related to the soil nutrient gradient as well as to leaf stoichiometry, indicating that species-specific allocation strategies can affect plant adaptation to nutrient limitations in the studied grassland. Species that allocate less to stems than leaves tend to dominate nutrient-limited environments. The results support the hypothesis that species-specific allocations affect plant adaptation to nutrient limitations. The allocation trade-off between stems and leaves has the potential to greatly affect plant distribution across nutrient gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangguo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
- Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, 651300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650205, China
| | - Bo Fan
- Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, 651300, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangxiong He
- Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, 651300, China
| | - Liangtao Shi
- Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, 651300, China
| | - Gangcai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
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16
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Oliveira KN, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Kaminski LA, Moreira MZ, Campos RI. The effect of symbiotic ant colonies on plant growth: a test using an Azteca-Cecropia system. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120351. [PMID: 25811369 PMCID: PMC4374854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of ant-plant mutualisms, the role that ants play in increasing the growth rates of their plant partners is potentially a key beneficial service. In the field, we measured the growth of Cecropia glaziovii saplings and compared individuals that were naturally colonized by Azteca muelleri ants with uncolonized plants in different seasons (wet and dry). We also measured light availability as well as attributes that could be influenced by the presence of Azteca colonies, such as herbivory, leaf nutrients (total nitrogen and δ(15)N), and investments in defense (total phenolics and leaf mass per area). We found that colonized plants grew faster than uncolonized plants and experienced a lower level of herbivory in both the wet and dry seasons. Colonized plants had higher nitrogen content than uncolonized plants, although the δ(15)N, light environment, total phenolics and leaf mass per area, did not differ between colonized and uncolonized plants. Since colonized and uncolonized plants did not differ in the direct defenses that we evaluated, yet herbivory was lower in colonized plants, we conclude that biotic defenses were the most effective protection against herbivores in our system. This result supports the hypothesis that protection provided by ants is an important factor promoting plant growth. Since C. glaziovii is widely distributed among a variety of forests and ecotones, and since we demonstrated a strong relationship with their ant partners, this system can be useful for comparative studies of ant-plant interactions in different habitats. Also, given this study was carried out near the transition to the subtropics, these results help generalize the geographic distribution of this mutualism and may shed light on the persistence of the interactions in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla N. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Phyllis D. Coley
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Thomas A. Kursar
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Lucas A. Kaminski
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo Z. Moreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura—CENA, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo I. Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hulshof CM, Swenson NG, Weiser MD. Tree height-diameter allometry across the United States. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:1193-204. [PMID: 25859325 PMCID: PMC4377263 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between tree height and diameter is fundamental in determining community and ecosystem structure as well as estimates of biomass and carbon storage. Yet our understanding of how tree allometry relates to climate and whole organismal function is limited. We used the Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program database to determine height–diameter allometries of 2,976,937 individuals of 293 tree species across the United States. The shape of the allometric relationship was determined by comparing linear and nonlinear functional forms. Mixed-effects models were used to test for allometric differences due to climate and floristic (between angiosperms and gymnosperms) and functional groups (leaf habit and shade tolerance). Tree allometry significantly differed across the United States largely because of climate. Temperature, and to some extent precipitation, in part explained tree allometric variation. The magnitude of allometric variation due to climate, however, had a phylogenetic signal. Specifically, angiosperm allometry was more sensitive to differences in temperature compared to gymnosperms. Most notably, angiosperm height was more negatively influenced by increasing temperature variability, whereas gymnosperm height was negatively influenced by decreasing precipitation and increasing altitude. There was little evidence to suggest that shade tolerance influenced tree allometry except for very shade-intolerant trees which were taller for any given diameter. Tree allometry is plastic rather than fixed and scaling parameters vary around predicted central tendencies. This allometric variation provides insight into life-history strategies, phylogenetic history, and environmental limitations at biogeographical scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Hulshof
- Departamento de Biología, Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez, Universidad de Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, 00681
| | - Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
| | - Michael D Weiser
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma, 73069
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18
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Cheng D, Zhong Q, Niklas KJ, Ma Y, Yang Y, Zhang J. Isometric scaling of above- and below-ground biomass at the individual and community levels in the understorey of a sub-tropical forest. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:303-13. [PMID: 25564468 PMCID: PMC4466339 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Empirical studies and allometric partitioning (AP) theory indicate that plant above-ground biomass (MA) scales, on average, one-to-one (isometrically) with below-ground biomass (MR) at the level of individual trees and at the level of entire forest communities. However, the ability of the AP theory to predict the biomass allocation patterns of understorey plants has not been established because most previous empirical tests have focused on canopy tree species or very large shrubs. METHODS In order to test the AP theory further, 1586 understorey sub-tropical forest plants from 30 sites in south-east China were harvested and examined. The numerical values of the scaling exponents and normalization constants (i.e. slopes and y-intercepts, respectively) of log-log linear MA vs. MR relationships were determined for all individual plants, for each site, across the entire data set, and for data sorted into a total of 19 sub-sets of forest types and successional stages. Similar comparisons of MA/MR were also made. KEY RESULTS The data revealed that the mean MA/MR of understorey plants was 2·44 and 1·57 across all 1586 plants and for all communities, respectively, and MA scaled nearly isometrically with respect to MR, with scaling exponents of 1·01 for all individual plants and 0·99 for all communities. The scaling exponents did not differ significantly among different forest types or successional stages, but the normalization constants did, and were positively correlated with MA/MR and negatively correlated with scaling exponents across all 1586 plants. CONCLUSIONS The results support the AP theory's prediction that MA scales nearly one-to-one with MR (i.e. MA ∝ MR (≈1·0)) and that plant biomass partitioning for individual plants and at the community level share a strikingly similar pattern, at least for the understorey plants examined in this study. Furthermore, variation in environmental conditions appears to affect the numerical values of normalization constants, but not the scaling exponents of the MA vs. MR relationship. This feature of the results suggests that plant size is the primary driver of the MA vs. MR biomass allocation pattern for understorey plants in sub-tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Cheng
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China, Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA and Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China, Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA and Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Quanlin Zhong
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China, Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA and Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Karl J Niklas
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China, Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA and Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Yuzhu Ma
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China, Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA and Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China, Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA and Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China, Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA and Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China, Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA and Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
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Fajardo L, Cáceres A, Arrindell P. Arbuscular mycorrhizae, a tool to enhance the recovery and re-introduction of Juglans venezuelensis Manning, an endemic tree on the brink of extinction. Symbiosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-014-0304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Cheng D, Ma Y, Zhong Q, Xu W. Allometric scaling relationship between above- and below-ground biomass within and across five woody seedlings. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:3968-77. [PMID: 25505524 PMCID: PMC4242579 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allometric biomass allocation theory predicts that leaf biomass (M L ) scaled isometrically with stem (M S ) and root (M R ) biomass, and thus above-ground biomass (leaf and stem) (M A ) and root (M R ) scaled nearly isometrically with below-ground biomass (root) for tree seedlings across a wide diversity of taxa. Furthermore, prior studies also imply that scaling constant should vary with species. However, litter is known about whether such invariant isometric scaling exponents hold for intraspecific biomass allocation, and how variation in scaling constants influences the interspecific scaling relationship between above- and below-ground biomass. Biomass data of seedlings from five evergreen species were examined to test scaling relationships among biomass components across and within species. Model Type II regression was used to compare the numerical values of scaling exponents and constants among leaf, stem, root, and above- to below-ground biomass. The results indicated that M L and M S scaled in an isometric or a nearly isometric manner with M R , as well as M A to M R for five woody species. Significant variation was observed in the Y-intercepts of the biomass scaling curves, resulting in the divergence for intraspecific scaling and interspecific scaling relationships for M L versus M S and M L versus M R , but not for M S versus M R and M A versus M R . We conclude, therefore, that a nearly isometric scaling relationship of M A versus M R holds true within each of the studied woody species and across them irrespective the negative scaling relationship between leaf and stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Cheng
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hongkong, 999077, China
| | - Yuzhu Ma
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007, China
| | - Quanling Zhong
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hongkong, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, 210008, China
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Spasojevic MJ, Yablon EA, Oberle B, Myers JA. Ontogenetic trait variation influences tree community assembly across environmental gradients. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-000159.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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Effect of rainfall seasonality on the growth of Cecropia sciadophylla: intra-annual variation in leaf production and node length. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467413000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Patterns of leaf production and leaf fall directly influence leaf area index and forest productivity. Here, we focused on Cecropia sciadophylla individuals inhabiting the extremes of the gradient in seasonality in rainfall at which C. sciadophylla occurs. In Colombia and French Guiana we compared the intra-annual variation in leaf production as well as the intra-annual fluctuation in internode length on a total of 69 saplings ranging in size from 1 to 2 m. The mean rate of leaf production was ~2 leaves mo−1 in both populations, and the rate of leaf production was constant throughout the year. Our results showed monthly variation in internode length and the number of live leaves per sapling in the seasonal habitat and variation only in internode length in the everwet habitat. Because the rate of leaf production is constant at both localities, the difference in number of live leaves per sapling at the seasonal site must reflect seasonal variation in leaf life span. We show that in Cecropia, internode length can serve as an indicator of precipitation seasonality. Finally an open question is whether leaf production in other pioneer species is also independent of climatic seasonal cues. This information could allow us to link growth and climate of secondary forest species and better understand how past and future climate can affect plant growth trajectories.
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Hao GY, Wang AY, Sack L, Goldstein G, Cao KF. Is hemiepiphytism an adaptation to high irradiance? Testing seedling responses to light levels and drought in hemiepiphytic and non-hemiepiphytic Ficus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 148:74-86. [PMID: 22989335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The epiphytic growth habit in many Ficus species during their juvenile stages has commonly been hypothesized to be an adaptation for avoiding deep shade in the forest understory, but this has never been tested experimentally. We examined growth and ecophysiology in seedlings of three hemiepiphytic (Hs) and three non-hemiepiphytic (NHs) Ficus species grown under different irradiance levels. Both Hs and NHs exhibited characteristics of high light requiring species, such as high plasticity to growth irradiance and relatively high maximum photosynthetic assimilation rates. Diurnal measurements of leaf gas exchange showed that Hs have much shorter active photosynthetic periods than NHs; moreover, leaves of Hs have lower xylem hydraulic conductivity but stronger drought tolerance as indicated by much lower rates of leaf diebacks during the drought treatment. Seedlings of NHs had 3.3- and 13.3-fold greater height and biomass than those of Hs species after growing in the nursery for 5 months, indicating a trade-off between growth and drought tolerance due to the conflicting requirements for xylem conductivity and cavitation resistance. This study does not support the shade-avoidance hypothesis; rather, it suggests that the canopy regeneration in Hs is an adaptation to avoid alternative terrestrial growth-related risks imposed to tiny Ficus seedlings. The NHs with terrestrial regeneration reduce these risks by having an initial burst of growth to rapidly gain relatively large seedling sizes, while in Hs seedlings more conservative water use and greater drought tolerance for surviving the canopy environment are intrinsically associated with slow growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-You Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan Province, 666303, China
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Roa-Fuentes LL, Campo J, Parra-Tabla V. Plant Biomass Allocation across a Precipitation Gradient: An Approach to Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest at Yucatán, Mexico. Ecosystems 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-012-9578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Philipson CD, Saner P, Marthews TR, Nilus R, Reynolds G, Turnbull LA, Hector A. Light-based Regeneration Niches: Evidence from 21 Dipterocarp Species using Size-specific RGRs. Biotropica 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Philipson
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Philippe Saner
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | | | - Reuben Nilus
- Forest Research Centre; Sepilok; Sandakan; Sabah; Malaysia
| | - Glen Reynolds
- The Royal Society South-East Asian Rainforest Research Programme; Danum Valley Field Centre; Sabah; Malaysia
| | - Lindsay A. Turnbull
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Andy Hector
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
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Bai K, Jiang D, Cao K, Liao D, Wan X. The physiological advantage of an ecological filter species, Indocalamus longiauritus, over co-occurring Fagus lucida and Castanopsis lamontii seedlings. Ecol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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MEYER SEBASTIANT, LEAL INARAR, TABARELLI MARCELO, WIRTH RAINER. Performance and fate of tree seedlings on and around nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotes: Ecological filters in a fragmented forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Seiwa K, Kikuzawa K. Close relationship between leaf life span and seedling relative growth rate in temperate hardwood species. Ecol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Plant size effects on the relationships among specific leaf area, leaf nutrient content, and photosynthetic capacity in tropical woody species. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Poorter H, Niinemets Ü, Poorter L, Wright IJ, Villar R. Causes and consequences of variation in leaf mass per area (LMA): a meta-analysis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 182:565-588. [PMID: 19434804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 989] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we analysed a wide range of literature data on the leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA). In nature, LMA varies more than 100-fold among species. Part of this variation (c. 35%) can be ascribed to differences between functional groups, with evergreen species having the highest LMA, but most of the variation is within groups or biomes. When grown in the same controlled environment, leaf succulents and woody evergreen, perennial or slow-growing species have inherently high LMA. Within most of the functional groups studied, high-LMA species show higher leaf tissue densities. However, differences between evergreen and deciduous species result from larger volumes per area (thickness). Response curves constructed from experiments under controlled conditions showed that LMA varied strongly with light, temperature and submergence, moderately with CO2 concentration and nutrient and water stress, and marginally under most other conditions. Functional groups differed in the plasticity of LMA to these gradients. The physiological regulation is still unclear, but the consequences of variation in LMA and the suite of traits interconnected with it are strong. This trait complex is an important factor determining the fitness of species in their environment and affects various ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Poorter
- Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Environmental Biology, PO Box 800.84, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu EE-51014, Estonia
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group and Resource Ecology Group, Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Rafael Villar
- Área de Ecología, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, ES-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Quero JL, Villar R, Marañón T, Zamora R, Vega D, Sack L. Relating leaf photosynthetic rate to whole-plant growth: drought and shade effects on seedlings of four Quercus species. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2008; 35:725-737. [PMID: 32688826 DOI: 10.1071/fp08149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of combined resource supplies on seedlings is critical to enable prediction of establishment growth, and forest dynamics. We investigated the effects of irradiance and water treatments on absolute growth, and relative growth rate (RGR) and its components, for seedlings of four Quercus species differing in leaf habit and with a wide variation in seed mass. Plants were grown for 6.5 months at three levels of irradiance (100, 27, and 3% daylight), and treated during the last 2.5 months with two watering treatments (frequent watering v. suspended watering). Both shade and drought reduced seedling growth rates, with a significant interaction: under full irradiance the drought treatment had a stronger impact on RGR and final biomass than under deep shade. For three species, seed mass was positively related to absolute growth, with stronger correlations at lower irradiance. The evergreen species grew faster than the deciduous species, though leaf habit accounted for a minor part of the interspecific variation in absolute growth. Seedling biomass was determined positively either by RGR or seed mass; RGR was positively linked with net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf mass fraction (LMF), and seed mass was negatively linked with RGR and LMF, but positively linked with NAR. Seedling RGR was not correlated with light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, but was strongly correlated with the net carbon balance estimated, from photosynthetic light-response curves, considering daily variation in irradiance. These findings suggest an approach to applying short-term physiological measurements to predict the RGR and absolute growth rate of seedlings in a wide range of combinations of irradiance and water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Quero
- Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Villar
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Teodoro Marañón
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, PO Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Regino Zamora
- Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores Vega
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
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Above- and below-ground competition in high and low irradiance: tree seedling responses to a competing liana Byttneria grandifolia. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467408005233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:In tropical forests, trees compete not only with other trees, but also with lianas, which may limit tree growth and regeneration. Liana effects may depend on the availability of above- and below-ground resources and differ between tree species. We conducted a shade house experiment to test the effect of light (4% and 35% full sun, using neutral-density screen) on the competitive interactions between seedlings of one liana (Byttneria grandifolia) and three tree species (two shade-tolerant trees,Litsea dilleniifoliaandPometia tomentosa, and one light-demanding tree,Bauhinia variegata) and to evaluate the contribution of both above- and below-ground competition. Trees were grown in four competition treatments with the liana: no competition, root competition, shoot competition and root and shoot competition. Light strongly affected leaf photosynthetic capacity (light-saturated photosynthetic rate,Pn), growth and most morphological traits of the tree species. Liana-induced competition resulted in reducedPn, total leaf areas and relative growth rates (RGR) of the three tree species. The relative importance of above- and below-ground competition differed between the two light levels. In low light, RGR of the three tree species was reduced more strongly by shoot competition (23.1–28.7% reduction) than by root competition (5.3–26.4%). In high light, in contrast, root competition rather than shoot competition greatly reduced RGR. Liana competition affected most morphological traits (except for specific leaf area and leaf area ratio ofLitseaandPometia), and differentially altered patterns of biomass allocation in the tree seedlings. These findings suggest that competition from liana seedlings can greatly suppress growth in tree seedlings of both light-demanding and shade-tolerant species and those effects differ with competition type (below- and above-ground) and with irradiance.
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Poorter L, Rozendaal DMA. Leaf size and leaf display of thirty-eight tropical tree species. Oecologia 2008; 158:35-46. [PMID: 18719946 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Trees forage for light through optimal leaf display. Effective leaf display is determined by metamer traits (i.e., the internode, petiole, and corresponding leaf), and thus these traits strongly co-determine carbon gain and as a result competitive advantage in a light-limited environment. We examined 11 metamer traits of sun and shade trees of 38 coexisting moist forest tree species and determined the relative strengths of intra- and interspecific variation. Species-specific metamer traits were related to two variables that represent important life history variation; the regeneration light requirements and average leaf size of the species. Metamer traits varied strongly across species and, in contrast to our expectation, showed only modest changes in response to light. Intra- and interspecific responses to light were only congruent for a third of the traits evaluated. Four traits, amongst which leaf size, specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf area ratio at the metamer level (LAR) showed even opposite intra- and interspecific responses to light. Strikingly, these are classic traits that are thought to be of paramount importance for plant performance but that have completely different consequences within and across species. Sun trees of a given species had small leaves to reduce the heat load, but light-demanding species had large leaves compared to shade-tolerants, probably to outcompete their neighbors. Shade trees of a given species had a high SLA and LAR to capture more light in a light-limited environment, whereas shade-tolerant species have well-protected leaves with a low SLA compared to light-demanding species, probably to deter herbivores and enhance leaf lifespan. There was a leaf-size-mediated trade-off between biomechanical and hydraulic safety, and the efficiency with which species can space their leaves and forage for light. Unexpectedly, metamer traits were more closely linked to leaf size than to regeneration light requirements, probably because leaf-size-related biomechanical and vascular constraints limit the trait combinations that are physically possible. This suggests that the leaf size spectrum overrules more subtle variation caused by the leaf economics spectrum, and that leaf size represents a more important strategy axis than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Center for Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Biomass allocation and photosynthetic responses of lianas and pioneer tree seedlings to light. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Skoczylas DR, Muth NZ, Niesenbaum RA. Contribution of insectivorous avifauna to top down control of Lindera benzoin herbivores at forest edge and interior habitats. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Miyazawa Y, Ishihara M, Suzuki M, Fukumasu H, Kikuzawa K. Comparison of the physiology, morphology, and leaf demography of tropical saplings with different crown shapes. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2006; 119:459-67. [PMID: 16941062 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-006-0008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Branch architecture, leaf photosynthetic traits, and leaf demography were investigated in saplings of two woody species, Homolanthus caloneurus and Macaranga rostulata, co-occurring in the understory of a tropical mountain forest. M. rostulata saplings have cylindrical crowns, whereas H. caloneurus saplings have flat crowns. Saplings of the two species were found not to differ in area-based photosynthetic traits and in average light conditions in the understory of the studied site, but they do differ in internode length, leaf emergence rate, leaf lifespan, and total leaf area. Displayed leaf area of H. caloneurus saplings, which have the more rapid leaf emergence, was smaller than that of M. rostulata saplings, which have a longer leaf lifespan and larger total leaf area, although M. rostulata saplings showed a higher degree of leaf overlap. Short leaf lifespan and consequent small total leaf area would be linked to leaf overlap avoidance in the densely packed flat H. caloneurus crown. In contrast, M. rostulata saplings maintained a large total leaf area by producing leaves with a long leaf lifespan. In these understory saplings with a different crown architecture, we observed two contrasting adaptation strategies to shade which are achieved by adjusting a suite of morphological and leaf demographic characters. Each understory species has a suite of morphological traits and leaf demography specific to its architecture, thus attaining leaf overlap avoidance or large total leaf area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Miyazawa
- Laboratory of Forest Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Aiba M, Nakashizuka T. Sapling structure and regeneration strategy in 18 Shorea species co-occurring in a tropical rainforest. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2005; 96:313-21. [PMID: 15944175 PMCID: PMC4246879 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inevitable trade-offs in structure may be a basis for differentiation in plant strategies. Juvenile trees in different functional groups are characterized by specific suites of structural traits such as crown architecture and biomass distribution. The relationship between juvenile tree structure and function was tested to find out if it is robust among functionally and taxonomically similar species of the genus Shorea that coexist sympatrically in a tropical rain forest in Borneo. METHODS The sapling structures of 18 species were compared for standardized dry masses of 5 and 30 g. Pairwise simple correlation and multiple correlation patterns among structural traits of juveniles (0.1-1.5 m in height) of 18 Shorea species were examined using Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis (PCA), respectively. The correlation was then tested between the PCA results and three indices of shade tolerance: the net photosynthetic rate, the wood density of mature trees and seed size. KEY RESULTS The structural variation in saplings of the genus Shorea was as large as that found in sets of species with much more diverse origins. The PCA showed that both crown architecture and allocation to leaves are major sources of variation in the structures of the 18 species investigated. Of these two axes, allocation to leaves was significantly correlated with wood density and showed a limited correlation with photosynthetic rate, whereas crown architecture was significantly correlated to seed size. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results suggest that an allocation trade-off between leaves and other organs, which co-varied with wood density and to a certain extent with photosynthetic capacity, accounts for the difference in shade tolerance among congeneric, functionally similar species. In contrast, the relationship between the architecture and regeneration strategy differed from the pattern found between functional groups, and the function of crown architecture was ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Aiba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano, Otsu 520-2113, Japan.
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KING DA, DAVIES SJ, SUPARDI MNNUR, TAN S. Tree growth is related to light interception and wood density in two mixed dipterocarp forests of Malaysia. Funct Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.00982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Takahashi K, Seino T, Kohyama T. Plastic changes of leaf mass per area and leaf nitrogen content in response to canopy openings in saplings of eight deciduous broad-leaved tree species. Ecol Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-004-0003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Poorter L, van de Plassche M, Willems S, Boot RGA. Leaf traits and herbivory rates of tropical tree species differing in successional status. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2004; 6:746-754. [PMID: 15570481 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-821269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated leaf characteristics and herbivory intensities for saplings of fifteen tropical tree species differing in their successional position. Eight leaf traits were selected, related to the costs of leaf display (specific leaf area [SLA], water content), photosynthesis (N and P concentration per unit mass), and herbivory defence (lignin concentration, C:N ratio). We hypothesised that species traits are shaped by variation in abiotic and biotic (herbivory) selection pressures along the successional gradient. All leaf traits varied with the successional position of the species. The SLA, water content and nutrient concentration decreased, and lignin concentration increased with the successional position. Herbivory damage (defined as the percentage of damage found at one moment in time) varied from 0.9-8.5% among the species, but was not related to their successional position. Herbivory damage appeared to be a poor estimator of the herbivory rate experienced by species, due to the confounding effect of leaf lifespan. Herbivory rate (defined as percentage leaf area removal per unit time) declined with the successional position of the species. Herbivory rate was only positively correlated to water content, and negatively correlated to lignin concentration, suggesting that herbivores select leaves based upon their digestibility rather than upon their nutritive value. Surprisingly, most species traits change linearly with succession, while resource availability (light, nutrients) declines exponentially with succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Poorter
- Department of Plant Ecology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80084, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Pena-Claros M. Changes in Forest Structure and Species Composition during Secondary Forest Succession in the Bolivian Amazon1. Biotropica 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2003.tb00602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gurvich DE, Easdale TA, Pérez-Harguindeguy N. Subtropical montane tree litter decomposition: Links with secondary forest types and species' shade tolerance. AUSTRAL ECOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sterck F, Martinéz-Ramos M, Dyer-Leal G, Rodríguez-Velazquez J, Poorter L. The consequences of crown traits for the growth and survival of tree saplings in a Mexican lowland rainforest. Funct Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Peña-Claros M. Changes in Forest Structure and Species Composition during Secondary Forest Succession in the Bolivian Amazon1. Biotropica 2003. [DOI: 10.1646/01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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