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Das KK, Brown JW. 3'-sulfated Lewis A/C: An oncofetal epitope associated with metaplastic and oncogenic plasticity of the gastrointestinal foregut. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1089028. [PMID: 36866273 PMCID: PMC9971977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1089028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer arise from normal epithelia via a plastic cellular transformation, typically in the setting of chronic inflammation. Such transformations are the focus of numerous studies that strive to identify the changes in RNA/Protein expression that drive such plasticity along with the contributions from the mesenchyme and immune cells. However, despite being widely utilized clinically as biomarkers for such transitions, the role of glycosylation epitopes is understudied in this context. Here, we explore 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C, a clinically validated biomarker for high-risk metaplasia and cancer throughout the gastrointestinal foregut: esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. We discuss the clinical correlation of sulfomucin expression with metaplastic and oncogenic transformation, as well as its synthesis, intracellular and extracellular receptors and suggest potential roles for 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C in contributing to and maintaining these malignant cellular transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik K Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Specificity of viscumin revised. As probed with a printed glycan array. Biochimie 2022; 202:94-102. [PMID: 35988841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Viscumin, a lectin used in anti-cancer therapy, was originally considered as βGal recognizing protein; later, an ability to bind 6'-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (6'SLN) terminated gangliosides was found. Here we probed viscumin with a printed glycan array (PGA) containing a large number of mammalian sulfated glycans, and found a strong binding to glycans with 6-O-SuGal moiety as lactose, N-acetyllactosamine (LN), di-N-acetyllactosamine (LacdiNAc), and even 6-O-SuGalNAcα (but not SiaTn). Also, the ability to bind some of αGal terminated glycans, including Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc, was observed. Unexpectedly, only weak interaction was detected with parent neutral β-galactosides including LN-LN-LN and branched (LN)2LN oligolactosamines; in the light of these data, one should not confidently classify viscumin as a β-galactoside-binding lectin. Carrying out PGA in the presence of neutral or sulfated/sialylated glycan, together with sequential elution from lactose-sepharose and consideration of the protein structure, lead to the conclusion that two glycan-binding sites of viscumin have different specificities, one of which prefers charged sulfated and sialylated moieties.
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Brown JW, Das KK, Kalas V, Das KM, Mills JC. mAb Das-1 recognizes 3'-Sulfated Lewis A/C, which is aberrantly expressed during metaplastic and oncogenic transformation of several gastrointestinal Epithelia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261082. [PMID: 34910746 PMCID: PMC8673611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple previous studies have shown the monoclonal antibody Das-1 (formerly called 7E12H12) is specifically reactive towards metaplastic and carcinomatous lesions in multiple organs of the gastrointestinal system (e.g. Barrett's esophagus, intestinal-type metaplasia of the stomach, gastric adenocarcinoma, high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) as well as in other organs (bladder and lung carcinomas). Beyond being a useful biomarker in tissue, mAb Das-1 has recently proven to be more accurate than current paradigms for identifying cysts harboring advanced neoplasia. Though this antibody has been used extensively for clinical, basic science, and translational applications for decades, its epitope has remained elusive. METHODS In this study, we chemically deglycosylated a standard source of antigen, which resulted in near complete loss of the signal as measured by western blot analysis. The epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 was determined by affinity to a comprehensive glycan array and validated by inhibition of a direct ELISA. RESULTS The epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 is 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C (3'-Sulfo-LeA/C). 3'-Sulfo-LeA/C is broadly reexpressed across numerous GI epithelia and elsewhere during metaplastic and carcinomatous transformation. DISCUSSION 3'-Sulfo-LeA/C is a clinically important antigen that can be detected both intracellularly in tissue using immunohistochemistry and extracellularly in cyst fluid and serum by ELISA. The results open new avenues for tumorigenic risk stratification of various gastrointestinal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Koushik K. Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vasilios Kalas
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Physician Scientist Training Program, Department of Medicine, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kiron M. Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jason C. Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Peptide Antagonists for P-selectin Discriminate between Sulfatide-Dependent Platelet Aggregation and PSGL-1-Mediated Cell Adhesion. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081266. [PMID: 31434351 PMCID: PMC6722823 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane-exposed sulfatides are proposed to contribute to P-selectin-dependent platelet aggregation. Here, we demonstrated that P-selectin-mediated platelet aggregation on a collagen-coated surface under flow indeed depended on sulfatides and that this interaction differed considerably from the interaction of P-selectin with P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 (PSGL-1), which underlies leukocyte-endothelium adhesion. METHODS AND RESULTS Upon platelet activation, sulfatides were translocated to the platelet surface to form focal hot-spots. Interestingly, P-selectin was observed to exclusively interact with liposomes with a sulfatide density higher than 21% (w/w), indicating that the binding profile of P-selectin for sulfatide-rich liposomes was dependent on sulfatide density. Sulfatide-liposome binding to P-selectin and sulfatide/P-selectin-dependent platelet aggregation was blunted by peptide antagonists, carrying the EWVDV motif within N-terminal extensions, such as CDVEWVDVSC (half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 = 0.2 μM), but not by the EWVDV core motif itself (IC50 > 1000 μM), albeit both being equally potent inhibitors of PSGL-1/P-selectin interaction (IC50= 7-12 μM). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the sulfatide/P-selectin interaction implicates multiple binding pockets, which only partly overlap with that of PSGL-1. These observations open ways to selectively interfere with sulfatide/P-selectin-dependent platelet aggregation without affecting PSGL-1-dependent cell adhesion.
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Li Z, Feizi T. The neoglycolipid (NGL) technology-based microarrays and future prospects. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3976-3991. [PMID: 30074246 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The neoglycolipid (NGL) technology is the basis of a state-of-the-art oligosaccharide microarray system, which we offer for screening analyses to the broad scientific community. We review here the sequential development of the technology and its power in pinpointing and isolating naturally occurring ligands for glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) within glycan populations. We highlight our Designer Array approach and Beam Search Array approach for generating natural glycome arrays to identify novel ligands of biological relevance. These two microarray approaches have been applied for assignments of ligands or antigens on glucan polysaccharides for effector proteins of the immune system (Dectin-1, DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR) and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) on bacterial hydrolases. We also discuss here the more recent applications to elucidate the structure of a prostate cancer- associated antigen F77 and identify ligands for adhesins of two rotaviruses, P[10] and P[19], expressed on an epithelial mucin glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK
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Process of hepatic metastasis from pancreatic cancer: biology with clinical significance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:1137-61. [PMID: 26250876 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer shows a remarkable preference for the liver to establish secondary tumors. Selective metastasis to the liver is attributed to the development of potential microenvironment for the survival of pancreatic cancer cells. This review aims to provide a full understanding of the hepatic metastatic process from circulating pancreatic cancer cells to their settlement in the liver, serving as a basic theory for efficient prediction and treatment of metastatic diseases. METHODS A systematic search of relevant original articles and reviews was performed on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for the purpose of this review. RESULTS Three interrelated phases are delineated as the contributions of the interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and the liver to hepatic metastasis process. Chemotaxis of disseminated pancreatic cancer cells and simultaneous defensive formation of platelets or neutrophils facilitate specific metastasis toward the liver. Remodeling of extracellular matrix and stromal cells in hepatic lobules and angiogenesis induced by proangiogenic factors support the survival and growth of clinical micrometastasis colonizing the liver. The bimodal role of the immune system or prevalence of cancer cells over the immune system makes metastatic progression successfully proceed from micrometastasis to macrometastasis. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic cancer is an appropriate research object of cancer metastasis representing more than a straight cascade. If any of the successive or simultaneous phases, especially tumor-induced immunosuppression, is totally disrupted, hepatic metastasis will be temporarily under control or even cancelled forever. To shrink cancers on multiple fronts and prolong survival for patients, novel oral or intravenous anti-cancer agents covering one or different phases of metastatic pancreatic cancer are expected to be integrated into innovative strategies on the premise of safety and efficacious biostability.
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Panagos CG, Thomson DS, Moss C, Hughes AD, Kelly MS, Liu Y, Chai W, Venkatasamy R, Spina D, Page CP, Hogwood J, Woods RJ, Mulloy B, Bavington CD, Uhrín D. Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from the body wall of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali: conformation, selectin binding, and biological activity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28284-98. [PMID: 25147180 PMCID: PMC4192483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.572297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fCS) extracted from the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali is composed of the following repeating trisaccharide unit: → 3)GalNAcβ4,6S(1 → 4) [FucαX(1 → 3)]GlcAβ(1 →, where X stands for different sulfation patterns of fucose (X = 3,4S (46%), 2,4S (39%), and 4S (15%)). As revealed by NMR and molecular dynamics simulations, the fCS repeating unit adopts a conformation similar to that of the Le(x) blood group determinant, bringing several sulfate groups into close proximity and creating large negative patches distributed along the helical skeleton of the CS backbone. This may explain the high affinity of fCS oligosaccharides for L- and P-selectins as determined by microarray binding of fCS oligosaccharides prepared by Cu(2+)-catalyzed Fenton-type and photochemical depolymerization. No binding to E-selectin was observed. fCS poly- and oligosaccharides display low cytotoxicity in vitro, inhibit human neutrophil elastase activity, and inhibit the migration of neutrophils through an endothelial cell layer in vitro. Although the polysaccharide showed some anti-coagulant activity, small oligosaccharide fCS fragments had much reduced anticoagulant properties, with activity mainly via heparin cofactor II. The fCS polysaccharides showed prekallikrein activation comparable with dextran sulfate, whereas the fCS oligosaccharides caused almost no effect. The H. forskali fCS oligosaccharides were also tested in a mouse peritoneal inflammation model, where they caused a reduction in neutrophil infiltration. Overall, the data presented support the action of fCS as an inhibitor of selectin interactions, which play vital roles in inflammation and metastasis progression. Future studies of fCS-selectin interaction using fCS fragments or their mimetics may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos G Panagos
- From the EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Derek S Thomson
- GlycoMar Ltd., European Centre for Marine Biotechnology, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Moss
- GlycoMar Ltd., European Centre for Marine Biotechnology, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D Hughes
- the Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | - Maeve S Kelly
- the Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Liu
- the Glycosciences Laboratory, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Wengang Chai
- the Glycosciences Laboratory, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Radhakrishnan Venkatasamy
- the Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Spina
- the Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Clive P Page
- the Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - John Hogwood
- the National Institute of Biological Standards and Controls, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Woods
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, and the School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- the Glycosciences Laboratory, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, the Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie D Bavington
- GlycoMar Ltd., European Centre for Marine Biotechnology, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | - Dušan Uhrín
- From the EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom,
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Feizi T. Carbohydrate recognition in the immune system: contributions of neoglycolipid-based microarrays to carbohydrate ligand discovery. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1292:33-44. [PMID: 23834439 PMCID: PMC4260124 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharide sequences in glycomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes are enormously diverse. The reasons are not fully understood, but there is an increasing number of examples of the involvement of specific oligosaccharide sequences as ligands in protein-carbohydrate interactions in health and, directly or indirectly, in every major disease, be it infectious or noninfectious. The pinpointing and characterizing of oligosaccharide ligands within glycomes has been one of the most challenging aspects of molecular cell biology, as oligosaccharides cannot be cloned and are generally available in limited amounts. This overview recounts the background to the development of a microarray system that is poised for surveying proteomes for carbohydrate-binding activities and glycomes for assigning the oligosaccharide ligands. Examples are selected by way of illustrating the potential of "designer" microarrays for ligand discovery at the interface of infection, immunity, and glycobiology. Particularly highlighted are sulfo-oligosaccharide and gluco-oligosaccharide recognition systems elucidated using microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ten Feizi
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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PS3, A Semisynthetic β-1,3-Glucan Sulfate, Diminishes Contact Hypersensitivity Responses Through Inhibition of L- and P-Selectin Functions. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:1192-202. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Aldi S, Della Giovampaola C, Focarelli R, Armini A, Ziche M, Finetti F, Rosati F. A fucose-containing O-glycoepitope on bovine and human nucleolin. Glycobiology 2009; 19:337-43. [PMID: 19023103 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the existence and localization of fucosyl-containing O-glycoforms of nucleolin in cultured bovine endothelial cells (CVEC) and malignant cultured human A431 cells. The tool for this discovery was an antibody raised against gp273, a glycoprotein ligand for the sperm-egg interaction in the mollusc bivalve Unio elongatulus. The function and immunological properties of gp273 mainly depend on clustered Lewis-like, fucose-containing O-glycans. Here an anti-gp273 antibody was used to evaluate whether glycoepitopes similar to those of gp273 are part of potential ligands of selectins in endothelial cells. We found that anti-gp273 strongly and exclusively interacted with a 110 kDa protein in CVEC and A431 tumor cells. After partial purification, mass spectrometry identified the protein as nucleolin. This was confirmed by comparing anti-gp273 and anti-nucleolin antibody immunoblotting after nucleolin depletion. We confirmed that anti-gp273 binding to nuclear and extranuclear nucleolin was against a fucose-containing O-glycoepitope by immunoblot analysis of the protein after chemically removing O-glycans and by lectin-blot analysis of control and nucleolin-depleted samples. Using anti-gp273 IgG, we detected nucleolin on the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. O-Glycosylation may regulate the plethora of functions in which nucleolin is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Aldi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Sawa Y, Tsuruga E. The expression of E-selectin and chemokines in the cultured human lymphatic endothelium with lipopolysaccharides. J Anat 2008; 212:654-63. [PMID: 18410313 PMCID: PMC2409092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the expression of selectins and chemokines in cultured human lymphatic endothelial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. In microarray, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expressions in the lymphatic endothelium with lipopolysaccharides did not change at 0.5 h but increased two- to three-fold at 12 h, whereas E-selectin increased 10-fold at 0.5 h and 68-fold at 12 h compared with untreated cells. The E-selectin mRNA and protein increased in the lymphatic endothelial cells with lipopolysaccharides at more than two-fold levels compared with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Induction of Cys-Cys chemokine ligand 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 20 mRNAs in the lymphatic endothelial cells with lipopolysaccharides was detected in microarray and real-time PCR. The Cys-Cys chemokine ligand 2, 5 and 20 mRNA amounts in cells with high concentration lipopolysaccharides were larger in the lymphatic endothelial cells than in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The Cys-Cys chemokine ligand 3 and 8 mRNAs were not detected in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Induction of Cys-X-Cys chemokine ligand 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 mRNAs was detected in the lymphatic endothelial cells with lipopolysaccharides. The Cys-X-Cys chemokine ligand 3, 5 and 8 mRNA amounts in cells with high concentration lipopolysaccharides were larger in the lymphatic endothelial cells than in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the cultured human lymphatic endothelial cells express E-selectin and phagocyte-attractive chemokine genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Japan.
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Elegbede AI, Haldar MK, Manokaran S, Kooren J, Roy BC, Mallik S, Srivastava DK. A strategy for designing "multi-prong" enzyme inhibitors by incorporating selective ligands to the liposomal surface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:3377-9. [PMID: 18019504 DOI: 10.1039/b707141h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We offer a novel strategy for designing "multi-prong" inhibitors of enzymes by incorporating selective ligands on the liposomal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle I Elegbede
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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Oostingh GJ, Ludwig RJ, Enders S, Grüner S, Harms G, Boehncke WH, Nieswandt B, Tauber R, Schön MP. Diminished lymphocyte adhesion and alleviation of allergic responses by small-molecule- or antibody-mediated inhibition of L-selectin functions. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 127:90-7. [PMID: 16902419 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Selectins are attractive targets for specific anti-inflammatory therapies. Using human lymphocytes as well as an L-selectin-transfected pre-B-cell line in dynamic flow chamber experiments, we could demonstrate that the small-molecule compound efomycine M blocks L-selectin-mediated lymphocyte rolling on sialylated Lewis(X), an action that was confirmed by plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Recruitment of naive lymphocytes to peripheral lymph nodes depends on L-selectin-mediated adhesion to high endothelial venules. We performed intravital microscopy studying lymphocyte rolling in peripheral lymph nodes and showed a 53% reduction (P=0.0006) of lymphocyte rolling in mice treated with efomycine M or a function-blocking antibody against L-selectin. In addition, the number of lymph node-homing T cells was reduced by >60% using either efomycine M or L-selectin-blocking antibodies. As recruitment of naive lymphocytes is a prerequisite for sensitization in T-cell-mediated immune reactions and allergic responses, mice were treated with efomycine M or an L-selectin-specific antibody during contact sensitization with DNFB. After adoptive transfer of corresponding T cells into non-sensitized recipient mice, the capacity of these cells to induce contact hypersensitivity was significantly reduced (P=0.0002 and P=0.0001, respectively). Our data demonstrate that it is possible, in principle, to diminish T-cell-mediated allergic reactions through interference with L-selectin functions during the early sensitization phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertie J Oostingh
- Rudolf Virchow Center, and Department of Dermatology, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
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Kumaresan PR, Lam KS. Screening chemical microarrays: methods and applications. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2006; 2:259-70. [PMID: 16880944 DOI: 10.1039/b602004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pappanaicken R Kumaresan
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California Davis, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Lingwood C, Mylvaganam M, Minhas F, Binnington B, Branch DR, Pomès R. The Sulfogalactose Moiety of Sulfoglycosphingolipids Serves as a Mimic of Tyrosine Phosphate in Many Recognition Processes. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:12542-7. [PMID: 15634687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413724200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple ligand co-recognition of 3'-sulfogalactosylceramide (SGC) and sulfotyrosine initiated the comparison of SGC and sulfotyrosine and, subsequently, phosphotyrosine (pY) binding. SGC is a receptor for ligands involved in cell adhesion/microbial pathology. pY forms a Src homology domain 2 recognition motif in intracellular signaling. Using hsp70, anti-SGC, and anti-pY antibodies, ligand binding is retained following phosphate/sulfate and tyrosine/galactose substitution in SGC and sulfate/phosphate exchange in pY. Remarkable lipid-dependent binding to phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated sulfotyrosine suggests "microenvironmental" modulation of sulfotyrosine-containing receptors, similar to glycosphingolipids. Based on an aryl substrate-bound co-crystal of arylsulfatase A, a sulfogalactose and phosphotyrosine esterase, modeling provides a solvation basis for co-recognition. c-Src/Src homology domain 2:SGC/phosphogalactosylceramide binding confirms our hypothesis, heralding a carbohydrate-based approach to regulation of phosphotyrosine-mediated recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Lingwood
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1X8, Canada.
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Jorgensen-Tye B, Levesque JP, Royle L, Doyonnas R, Chan JYH, Dwek RA, Rudd PM, Harvey DJ, Simmons PJ, Watt SM. Epitope recognition of antibodies that define the sialomucin, endolyn (CD164), a negative regulator of haematopoiesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 65:220-39. [PMID: 15730515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endolyn (CD164) is a sialomucin that functions as an adhesion molecule and a negative regulator of CD34+ CD38- human haematopoietic precursor cell proliferation. The 105A5 and 103B2/9E10 CD164 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which act as surrogate ligands, recognize distinct glycosylation-dependent classes I and II epitopes located on domain I of the native and recombinant CD164 proteins. Here, we document five new CD164 mAbs, the 96 series, that rely on conformational integrity, but not glycosylation, of exons 2- and 3-encoded CD164 domains, thereby resembling the class III mAbs, N6B6 and 67D2. Although all the 96 series class III mAbs labelled both the 105A5+ and 103B2/9E10+ cells, cross-competition and immunoblotting studies allow them to be categorized into two distinct class III subgroups, i.e. the N6B6-like subgroup that only recognizes 80-100 kDa proteins and the 67D2-like subgroup that also recognizes a higher molecular weight (>220 kDa) form. To more closely define the reactivity patterns of mAbs to the classes I and II epitopes, the global glycosylation patterns of the soluble human (h) CD164 proteins were determined using lectin binding, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. hCD164 recombinant proteins bound to the lectins, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, Datura stramonium agglutinin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin, Maackia amurensis agglutinin and peanut agglutinin, indicating the presence of high mannose and complex N-glycans, in addition to core 1 O-glycans (the Tn antigen) and alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 sialic acid moieties. Our HPLC and mass spectrometry results revealed both high mannose and complex N-glycosylation with various numbers of branches increasing the complexity of the glycosylation pattern. Most O-glycans were small, core 1 or 2 based. High levels of sialylation in alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 linkages, without sialyl-Lewis X, indicate that the majority of these hCD164 recombinant proteins are unable to bind to selectins in our assay system, but may interact with Siglec molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jorgensen-Tye
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Blood Service and Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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18
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Mowery P, Yang ZQ, Gordon EJ, Dwir O, Spencer AG, Alon R, Kiessling LL. Synthetic glycoprotein mimics inhibit L-selectin-mediated rolling and promote L-selectin shedding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:725-32. [PMID: 15157883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Revised: 03/05/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
L-selectin is a leukocyte cell-surface protein that facilitates the rolling of leukocytes along the endothelium, a process that leads to leukocyte migration to a site of infection. Preventing L-selectin-mediated rolling minimizes leukocyte adhesion and extravasation; therefore, compounds that inhibit rolling may act as anti-inflammatory agents. To investigate the potential role of multivalent ligands as rolling inhibitors, compounds termed neoglycopolymers were synthesized that possess key structural features of physiological L-selectin ligands. Sulfated neoglycopolymers substituted with sialyl Lewis x derivatives (3',6-disulfo Lewis x or 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x) or a sulfatide analog (3,6-disulfo galactose) inhibited L-selectin-mediated rolling of lymphoid cells. Functional analysis of the inhibitory ligands indicates that they also induce proteolytic release of L-selectin. Thus, their inhibitory potency may arise from their ability to induce shedding. Our data indicate that screening for compounds that promote L-selectin release can identify ligands that inhibit rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mowery
- Department of Biochemistry, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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19
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Kerr CL, Hanna WF, Shaper JH, Wright WW. Lewis X-Containing Glycans are Specific and Potent Competitive Inhibitors of the Binding of ZP3 to Complementary Sites on Capacitated, Acrosome-Intact Mouse Sperm1. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:770-7. [PMID: 15128590 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.023812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian fertilization requires a cascade of interactions between sperm and the egg's zona pellucida (ZP). O-linked glycans on mouse glycoprotein ZP3 have been implicated in mediating one step of the fertilization process, the firm adhesion of acrosome-intact sperm to the ZP. Experiments to identify structural requirements of a sperm-binding glycan have demonstrated that a Lewis X (Le(x))-containing glycan (Gal beta 4[Fuc alpha 3]GlcNAc-R) was a potent, competitive inhibitor of in vitro sperm-ZP binding (Johnston et al. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 1888-1895). However, those experiments did not define the particular step in the fertilization pathway that was blocked. The experiments described herein test the hypothesis that Le(x)-containing glycans are specific, competitive inhibitors of the binding of Alexa Fluor 568 fluorochrome (Alexa(568))-labeled ZP3 to sperm and, thus, bind the same sperm surface sites as ZP3. Dose-response analyses demonstrated that these glycans are potent inhibitors (IC(50) approximately 180 nM), which at saturation, reduced Alexa(568)-ZP3 binding by approximately 70%. A Lewis A (Le(a))-capped glycan (Gal beta 3[Fuc alpha 4]GlcNAc) was also a potent inhibitor (IC(50) approximately 150-200 nM), but at saturation, it reduced Alexa(568)-ZP3 binding by only 30%. In contrast, nonfucosylated glycans with nonreducing GlcNAc beta 4 or Gal beta 4 residues did not compete; neither did sialyl-Le(x) (Neu5Ac alpha 3Gal beta 4[Fuc alpha 3]GlcNAc-Lewis X) nor sulfo-Le(x) (3'-O-SO(3)-Lewis X). However, at saturation, Gal alpha 3Gal beta 4GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta 4Glc reduced Alexa(568)-ZP3 binding by approximately 70% but with moderate apparent affinity (IC(50) approximately 3000 nM). Fluorescence microscopy revealed that Alexa(568)-labeled Le(x)-Lac-BSA, Le(a)-Lac-BSA, and ZP3 bound to the same sperm surface domains. However, Le(a)-Lac did not inhibit binding of Alexa(568)-Le(x)-Lac-BSA, and Le(x)-Lac did not inhibit binding of Alexa(568)-Le(a)-Lac-BSA. Finally, Le(x)-Lac and Le(a)-Lac had an additive inhibitory effect on Alexa(568)-ZP3 binding. Thus, Le(x) is a ligand for a major class of ZP3 binding sites on mouse sperm, whereas Le(a) binding defines a different but less-abundant class of sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace L Kerr
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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20
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Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of lymphocyte homing to lymphoid organs was originally a problem of concern only to immunologists. With the discovery of L-selectin and its ligands, interested scientists have expanded to include glycobiologists, immunopathologists, cancer biologists, and developmental biologists. Going beyond its first discovered role in homing to lymph nodes, the L-selectin system is implicated in such diverse processes as inflammatory leukocyte trafficking in both acute and chronic settings, hematogenous metastasis of carcinoma cells, effector mechanisms for inflammatory demyelination of axons, and implantation of the early mammalian embryo. This review focuses on the ligands for L-selectin that are found on vascular endothelium, leukocytes, carcinoma cells, and at various extravascular sites. The discovery of selectins and their ligands has validated the long-predicted hypothesis that carbohydrate-directed cell adhesion is relevant in eukaryotic systems. Emphasis will be given to the carbohydrate and sulfation modifications of the ligands, which enable recognition by L-selectin. The rapid "homing" of labeled cells into the lymph nodes presumably had its basis in the special affinity of small lymphocytes for the endothelium of the postcapillary venules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Rosen
- Department of Anatomy and Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Ten Feizi
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, Northwick Park Hospital Campus, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK.
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22
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John AE, Lukacs NW, Berlin AA, Palecanda A, Bargatze RF, Stoolman LM, Nagy JO. Discovery of a potent nanoparticle P-selectin antagonist with anti-inflammatory effects in allergic airway disease. FASEB J 2003; 17:2296-8. [PMID: 14563683 PMCID: PMC2839900 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0166fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The severity of allergic asthma is dependent, in part, on the intensity of peribronchial inflammation. P-selectin is known to play a role in the development of allergen-induced peribronchial inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. Selective inhibitors of P-selectin-mediated leukocyte endothelial-cell interactions may therefore attenuate the inflammatory processes associated with allergic airway disease. Novel P-selectin inhibitors were created using a polyvalent polymer nanoparticle capable of displaying multiple synthetic, low molecular weight ligands. By assembling a particle that presents an array of groups, which as monomers interact with only low affinity, we created a construct that binds extremely efficiently to P-selectin. The ligands acted as mimetics of the key binding elements responsible for the high-avidity adhesion of P-selectin to the physiologic ligand, PSGL-1. The inhibitors were initially evaluated using an in vitro shear assay system in which interactions between circulating cells and P-selectin-coated capillary tubes were measured. The nanoparticles were shown to preferentially bind to selectins expressed on activated endothelial cells. We subsequently demonstrated that nanoparticles displaying P-selectin blocking arrays were functionally active in vivo, significantly reducing allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity and peribronchial eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. John
- Dept of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nicholas W. Lukacs
- Dept of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Aaron A. Berlin
- Dept of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | | | - Lloyd M. Stoolman
- Dept of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jon O. Nagy
- LigoCyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bozeman, MT 59718
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Chai W, Stoll MS, Galustian C, Lawson AM, Feizi T. Neoglycolipid technology: deciphering information content of glycome. Methods Enzymol 2003; 362:160-95. [PMID: 12968363 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)01012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Chai
- MRC Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, Northwick Park Hospital Campus, Harrow, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
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Fieger CB, Sassetti CM, Rosen SD. Endoglycan, a member of the CD34 family, functions as an L-selectin ligand through modification with tyrosine sulfation and sialyl Lewis x. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:27390-8. [PMID: 12889478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m304204200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid organs and instances of inflammatory trafficking, the rolling of leukocytes on vascular endothelium is mediated by transient interactions between L-selectin on leukocytes and several carbohydrate-modified ligands on the endothelium. Most L-selectin ligands such as CD34 and podocalyxin present sulfated carbohydrate structures (6-sulfated sialyl Lewis x or 6-sulfo-sLex) as a recognition determinant within their heavily glycosylated mucin domains. We recently identified endoglycan as a new member of the CD34 family. We report here that endoglycan, like the two other members of this family (CD34 and podocalyxin) can function as a L-selectin ligand. However, endoglycan employs a different binding mechanism, interacting with L-selectin through sulfation on two tyrosine residues and O-linked sLex structures that are presented within its highly acidic amino-terminal region. Our analysis establishes striking parallels with PSGL-1, a leukocyte ligand that interacts with all three selectins, mediating leukocyte-endothelial, leukocyte-leukocyte, and platelet-leukocyte interactions. Since the distribution of endoglycan includes hematopoietic precursors and leukocyte subpopulations, in addition to endothelial cells, our findings suggest several potential settings for endoglycan-mediated adhesion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia B Fieger
- Department of Anatomy, Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA
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25
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Galustian C, Elviss N, Chart H, Owen R, Feizi T. Interactions of the gastrotropic bacterium Helicobacter pylori with the leukocyte-endothelium adhesion molecules, the selectins--a preliminary report. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 36:127-34. [PMID: 12738381 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(03)00021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach are largely the result of a vigorous chronic inflammatory response, and include chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration and gastric cancer. We are exploring the possibility that carbohydrate components on H. pylori contribute to the persistent inflammation through interactions with leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules of the host. Lipopolysaccharides of most H. pylori strains contain sequences related to the Lewis (Le(x) or Le(a)) antigens. Carbohydrate sequences of this family encompass ligands for the leukocyte-endothelium adhesion molecules of the host, namely, the E- and P-selectins, which are expressed on inflamed endothelia, and L-selectin, which is constitutively expressed on leukocytes. Here we investigate H. pylori isolates from patients with chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer for their interactions with the selectins. Our results provide unequivocal evidence of interactions of isolates from each of the diagnostic groups with E- and L-selectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Galustian
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK.
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26
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Martín MJ, Feizi T, Leteux C, Pavlovic D, Piskarev VE, Chai W. An investigation of the interactions of E-selectin with fuco-oligosaccharides of the blood group family. Glycobiology 2002; 12:829-35. [PMID: 12499405 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwf094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation is concerned with assignments of Lewis(a) (Le(a)) and Le(x) analogs on linear and branched di- to hexasaccharide backbones as components of the recognition motifs for E-selectin. The influence of the location of fucose residue(s) was investigated using 14 structurally defined and variously fucosylated oligosaccharides in biotinylated form or as neoglycolipids in static binding assays, in microwells, and on thin-layer chromatograms. Results of the two assay systems were in agreement overall and showed that the recognition motifs for E-selectin include 4-fucosyl-lacto (Le(a)) and 3-fucosyl-neo-lacto (Le(x)) sequences strictly at capping positions and not Le(x) at an internal position as a part of VIM-2 antigen sequence. There is greater potency of the Le(a) over the Le(x) series. Additional fucose residues alpha1-2-linked to neighboring galactoses or alpha1-3-linked to inner N-acetyglucosamines or to reducing-terminal glucose residues of the tetrasaccharide backbone had little or no effect on the selectin binding. E-selectin binding to the Le(a) or Le(x )capping motif on a 3-linked branch was equivalent to the binding on the corresponding linear backbone. A lack of E-selectin binding to the Le(x) motif capping a 6-linked branch and to the Le(x) trisaccharide linked to biotin via a nine-carbon spacer indicates that the -GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal- sequence on the oligosaccharide backbone adjoining the Le(x) is a part of recognition motif for E-selectin. These findings contribute to understanding the molecular basis of E-selectin recognition and could influence future designs of selectin antagonists as possible therapeutic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Martín
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Northwick Park Campus, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
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27
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Yamaguchi M, Ishida H, Galustian C, Feizi T, Kiso M. Synthesis and selectin-binding activity of N-deacetylsialyl Lewis X ganglioside. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:2111-7. [PMID: 12433475 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel analogue of sialyl Lewis X ganglioside, N-deacetylsialyl Lewis X ganglioside, was synthesized. Methyl 4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-5-trifluoroacetamido-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonate-(2 --> 3)-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate was coupled with 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl [2-acetamido-6-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-3-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-(1 --> 3)-[2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-(1 --> 4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside to give the desired pentasaccharide in high yield. The glycosylation of the pentasaccharide acceptor, which was derived from its precursor by removal of the 3-methoxybenzyl group, with the phenyl 1-thioglycoside derivative of L-fucose using N-iodosuccinimide-trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as promoter, produced the hexasaccharide. Proper manipulation of the protecting groups of the hexasaccharide afforded the corresponding glycosyl imidate, which was coupled with (2S,3R,4E)-2-azido-3-O-benzoyl-4-octadecene-1,3-diol. Selective reduction of the azido group, N-acylation with octadecanoic acid, and the complete removal of the protecting groups gave the desired N-deacetylsialyl Lewis X ganglioside. L-Selectin bound more strongly to N-deacetylsialyl Lewis X ganglioside than to the sialyl Lewis X ganglioside, whereas E- and P-selectins bound equally well to the two gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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28
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Fukui S, Feizi T, Galustian C, Lawson AM, Chai W. Oligosaccharide microarrays for high-throughput detection and specificity assignments of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20:1011-7. [PMID: 12219077 DOI: 10.1038/nbt735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2002] [Accepted: 07/29/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe microarrays of oligosaccharides as neoglycolipids and their robust display on nitrocellulose. The arrays are obtained from glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, polysaccharides, whole organs, or from chemically synthesized oligosaccharides. We show that carbohydrate-recognizing proteins single out their ligands not only in arrays of homogeneous oligosaccharides but also in arrays of heterogeneous oligosaccharides. Initial applications have revealed new findings, including: (i) among O-glycans in brain, a relative abundance of the Lewis(x) sequence based on N-acetyllactosamine recognized by anti-L5, and a paucity of the Lewis(x) sequence based on poly-N-acetyllactosamine recognized by anti-SSEA-1; (ii) insights into chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides recognized by an antiserum and an antibody (CS-56) to chondroitin sulfates; and (iii) binding of the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and the chemokine RANTES to sulfated sequences such as HNK-1, sulfo-Lewis(x), and sulfo-Lewis(a), in addition to glycosaminoglycans. The approach opens the way for discovering new carbohydrate-recognizing proteins in the proteome and for mapping the repertoire of carbohydrate recognition structures in the glycome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Fukui
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK
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29
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Pavlovic D, Leteux C, Ovchinnikova T, Tsvetkov Y, Nifant'ev N, Feizi T. Chemically synthesized solid phase oligosaccharide probes for carbohydrate-binding receptors. Interactions of the E-, L- and P-selectins with sialyl-Le(x) and O-sulphated forms linked to biotin or to polyacrylamide. J Immunol Methods 2002; 264:53-8. [PMID: 12191509 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(02)00079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in chemically defined oligosaccharide reagents for identifying proteins that bind carbohydrates and determining the specificities of carbohydrate-binding proteins. Here, we compare three sets of chemically synthesized commercially available oligosaccharide conjugates as immobilized probes, for the binding signals that they elicit with known carbohydrate-binding receptors of the immune system, the E-, P- and L-selectins. The first set of conjugates is of oligosaccharides linked to biotin via a nine-carbon spacer. The second and third sets are multivalent derivatives in which the oligosaccharides are linked, via a three-carbon spacer to poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide] (PAA) or to biotinylated PAA with an average of 20% substitution of the hydroxyethyl-amide groups by carbohydrate. The conjugates were immobilized on streptavidin-coated microwells if biotinylated, otherwise by drying in uncoated wells. The most robust binding curves, overall, were with the biotinylated PAA derivatives of the ligands immobilized on streptavidin wells. These reagents have permitted a reevaluation of selectin binding signals elicited by sialyl-Lewis(x) (SLe(x)) analogues having sulphate at position 6 of the galactose (6'SuSLe(x)) or of the N-acetylglucosamine (6SuSLe(x)). The results clarify the role of 6SuSLe(x), rather then 6'SuSLe(x), as a ligand for the selectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Pavlovic
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
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