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Gupta A, Yadav K, Yadav A, Ahmad R, Srivastava A, Kumar D, Khan MA, Dwivedi UN. Mannose-specific plant and microbial lectins as antiviral agents: A review. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:1-33. [PMID: 38244136 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Lectins are non-immunological carbohydrate-binding proteins classified on the basis of their structure, origin, and sugar specificity. The binding specificity of such proteins with the surface glycan moiety determines their activity and clinical applications. Thus, lectins hold great potential as diagnostic and drug discovery agents and as novel biopharmaceutical products. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding plant and microbial lectins as therapeutic agents against various viral diseases. Among them, mannose-specific lectins have being proven as promising antiviral agents against a variety of viruses, such as HIV, Influenza, Herpes, Ebola, Hepatitis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and most recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The binding of mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) from plants and microbes to high-mannose containing N-glycans (which may be simple or complex) of glycoproteins found on the surface of viruses has been found to be highly specific and mainly responsible for their antiviral activity. MBLs target various steps in the viral life cycle, including viral attachment, entry and replication. The present review discusses the brief classification and structure of lectins along with antiviral activity of various mannose-specific lectins from plants and microbial sources and their diagnostic and therapeutic applications against viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kusum Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anurag Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agriculture University, District-Banaskantha, Gujarat, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Amir Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Montoya-Inzunza LA, Heredia JB, Patra JK, Gouda S, Kerry RG, Das G, Gutierrez-Grijalva EP. Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Constituents and Ethnopharmacological Properties of Mistletoe from Phoradendron and Viscum Species. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1093-1110. [PMID: 37622692 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230825113631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants from the genus Phoradendron and Viscum, also known as American and European mistletoe, are a group of hemiparasitic plants traditionally used to treat many diseases. Mistletoes have a rich content of natural compounds like terpenes, alkaloids, proteins, and phenolic compounds associated with their potential medicinal properties. In this sense, mistletoes have shown antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity, which has been attributed to their phytochemical constituents. The mechanisms in which mistletoe plants act vary and depend on their phytochemical content and distribution, which in part will depend on the mistletoe species. In this sense, recent literature research is needed to visualize state of the art in the ethnopharmacological potential of mistletoe. Thus, this literature review aims to systematically report recent studies (2010-2023) on the phytochemical characterization and bioactive studies of mistletoe plants, mainly the Viscum and Phoradendron genera. We gather recent information of 140 references selected in our research. Here we report that although there are several bioactivity studies of mistletoe species, bioavailability studies are still scarce, and the precise mechanisms of action are not fully known. We encourage that further studies include a systematic strategy to cover these areas of opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Aurelio Montoya-Inzunza
- Laboratory of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - J Basilio Heredia
- Laboratory of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushanto Gouda
- Developmental Biology & Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Mizoram 796004, India
| | - Rout George Kerry
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Erick Paul Gutierrez-Grijalva
- Laboratory of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
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Devi S, Gründemann C, Huber R, Kowarschik S. Characterization of Viscum album L. Effect on Immune Escape Proteins PD-L1, PD-L2, and MHC-I in the Prostate, Colon, Lung, and Breast Cancer Cells. Complement Med Res 2023; 30:386-392. [PMID: 36927644 DOI: 10.1159/000530184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viscum album L. (VA) preparations possess immunomodulatory properties and are used in complementary medicine to support cancer therapy. It is unclear if there is an impact of VA on the expression of immune checkpoint proteins on the surface of cancer cells. This study was designed to investigate the role of commercially available VA preparations on checkpoint programmed death ligand 1, 2 (PD-L1, PD-L2) and on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). METHODS Four human cancer cell lines (prostate, colon, lung, and breast) were assayed for their PD-L1, PD-L2, and MHC-I level after stimulation with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The toxicity of mistletoe preparations for the cells was analysed. Afterwards, the effect of mistletoe preparations on the PD ligands and MHC-I was investigated. RESULTS Surface protein analysis demonstrated that all tested tumour cell lines increased the PD-L1, PD-L2, and MHC-I-expression, but to different extents, after IFN-γ stimulation. Treatment with VA extracts did not influence the viability of the cells. The expression of PD ligands and MHC-I was not affected by incubation with the VA preparations. CONCLUSION Our investigation concludes that VA treatment does not interfere with the expression of PD ligands or MHC-I among selected cancer cells. Hintergrund Viscum album L. (VA)-Präparate besitzen immunmodulatorische Eigenschaften und werden in der Komplementärmedizin zur Unterstützung in der Krebstherapie eingesetzt. Es ist jedoch unklar, ob VA einen Einfluss auf die Expression von Immuncheckpoint-Proteinen auf Krebszellen hat. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein Einfluss von handelsüblichen VA-Präparaten auf die Checkpoint-Proteine programmed death ligand 1, 2 (PD-L1, PD-L2) und major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) untersucht. Methoden Vier humane Krebszelllinien der Prostata, des Dickdarms, der Lunge und Brust wurden nach Stimulation mit Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) auf ihre PD-L1, PD-L2 und MHC-I Konzentration untersucht. Zunächst wurde die Toxizität von Mistelpräparaten auf die Tumorzellen analysiert. Anschließend erfolgte eine Charakterisierung der Wirkung von Mistelpräparaten auf die PD-Liganden und MHC-I. Ergebnisse Die Oberflächenproteinanalysen zeigten, dass alle getesteten Tumorzelllinien nach einer IFN-γ-Stimulation die PD-L1, PD-L2 und MHC-I Expression in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß erhöhten. Die Behandlung mit verschiedenen VA-Extrakten hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Viabilität der Zellen, sowie auf die Expression der PD-Liganden und MHC-I. Schlussfolgerung Unsere Untersuchung kommt zu dem Schluss, dass eine VA-Behandlung die Expression von PD-Liganden oder MHC-I in den untersuchten Krebszellen nicht beeinflusst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Devi
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Huber
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kowarschik
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Kumar A, Sharma A, Tirpude NV, Padwad Y, Hallan V, Kumar S. Plant-derived immuno-adjuvants in vaccines formulation: a promising avenue for improving vaccines efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1238-1254. [PMID: 36125739 PMCID: PMC9487851 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has posed a plethora of problems for the global healthcare system and socioeconomic burden. Despite valiant efforts to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, the situation has deteriorated to the point that there are no viable preventive therapies to treat this disease. The case count has skyrocketed globally due to the newly evolved variants. Despite vaccination drives, the re-occurrence of recent pandemic waves has reinforced the importance of innovation/utilization of immune-booster to achieve appropriate long-term vaccine protection. Plant-derived immuno-adjuvants, which have multifaceted functions, can impede infections by boosting the immune system. Many previous studies have shown that formulation of vaccines using plant-derived adjuvant results in long-lasting immunity may overcome the natural tendency of coronavirus immunity to wane quickly. Plant polysaccharides, glycosides, and glycoprotein extracts have reportedly been utilized as enticing adjuvants in experimental vaccines, such as Advax, Matrix-M, and Mistletoe lectin, which have been shown to be highly immunogenic and safe. When employed in vaccine formulation, Advax and Matrix-M generate long-lasting antibodies, a balanced robust Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, and the stimulation of cytotoxic T cells. Thus, the use of adjuvants derived from plants may increase the effectiveness of vaccines, resulting in the proper immunological response required to combat COVID-19. A few have been widely used in epidemic outbreaks, including SARS and H1N1 influenza, and their use could also improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. In this review, the immunological adjuvant properties of plant compounds as well as their potential application in anti-COVID-19 therapy are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbind Kumar
- COVID-19 Testing facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Aashish Sharma
- COVID-19 Testing facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Narendra Vijay Tirpude
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
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Nazeam JA, Singab ANB. Immunostimulant plant proteins: Potential candidates as vaccine adjuvants. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4345-4360. [PMID: 36128599 PMCID: PMC9538006 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is shaking up global scientific structures toward addressing antibiotic resistance threats and indicates an urgent need to develop more cost-effective vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants play a crucial role in boosting immunogenicity and improving vaccine efficacy. The toxicity and adversity of most adjuvant formulations are the major human immunization problems, especially in routine pediatric and immunocompromised patients. The present review focused on preclinical studies of immunoadjuvant plant proteins in use with antiparasitic, antifungal, and antiviral vaccines. Moreover, this report outlines the current perspective of immunostimulant plant protein candidates that can be used by researchers in developing new generations of vaccine-adjuvants. Future clinical studies are required to substantiate the plant proteins' safety and applicability as a vaccine adjuvant in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilan A. Nazeam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of PharmacyOctober 6 UniversityGizaEgypt
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Díaz-Dinamarca DA, Salazar ML, Castillo BN, Manubens A, Vasquez AE, Salazar F, Becker MI. Protein-Based Adjuvants for Vaccines as Immunomodulators of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Future Opportunities. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1671. [PMID: 36015297 PMCID: PMC9414397 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
New-generation vaccines, formulated with subunits or nucleic acids, are less immunogenic than classical vaccines formulated with live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens. This difference has led to an intensified search for additional potent vaccine adjuvants that meet safety and efficacy criteria and confer long-term protection. This review provides an overview of protein-based adjuvants (PBAs) obtained from different organisms, including bacteria, mollusks, plants, and humans. Notably, despite structural differences, all PBAs show significant immunostimulatory properties, eliciting B-cell- and T-cell-mediated immune responses to administered antigens, providing advantages over many currently adopted adjuvant approaches. Furthermore, PBAs are natural biocompatible and biodegradable substances that induce minimal reactogenicity and toxicity and interact with innate immune receptors, enhancing their endocytosis and modulating subsequent adaptive immune responses. We propose that PBAs can contribute to the development of vaccines against complex pathogens, including intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, those with complex life cycles such as Plasmodium falciparum, those that induce host immune dysfunction such as HIV, those that target immunocompromised individuals such as fungi, those with a latent disease phase such as Herpes, those that are antigenically variable such as SARS-CoV-2 and those that undergo continuous evolution, to reduce the likelihood of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Díaz-Dinamarca
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Médicos, Innovación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Michelle L. Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Byron N. Castillo
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Augusto Manubens
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Biosonda Corporation, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Abel E. Vasquez
- Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Médicos, Innovación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Fabián Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - María Inés Becker
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Biosonda Corporation, Santiago 7750000, Chile
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Padiyappa SD, Avalappa H, Somegowda M, Sridhara S, Venkatesh YP, Prabhakar BT, Pramod SN, Almujaydil MS, Shokralla S, Abdelbacki AMM, Elansary HO, El-Sabrout AM, Mahmoud EA. Immunoadjuvant and Humoral Immune Responses of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Lectins upon Systemic and Mucosal Administration in BALB/c Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041375. [PMID: 35209158 PMCID: PMC8880535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary food components have the ability to affect immune function; following absorption, specifically orally ingested dietary food containing lectins can systemically modulate the immune cells and affect the response to self- and co-administered food antigens. The mannose-binding lectins from garlic (Allium sativum agglutinins; ASAs) were identified as immunodulatory proteins in vitro. The objective of the present study was to assess the immunogenicity and adjuvanticity of garlic agglutinins and to evaluate whether they have adjuvant properties in vivo for a weak antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Garlic lectins (ASA I and ASA II) were administered by intranasal (50 days duration) and intradermal (14 days duration) routes, and the anti-lectin and anti-OVA immune (IgG) responses in the control and test groups of the BALB/c mice were assessed for humoral immunogenicity. Lectins, co-administered with OVA, were examined for lectin-induced anti-OVA IgG response to assess their adjuvant properties. The splenic and thymic indices were evaluated as a measure of immunomodulatory functions. Intradermal administration of ASA I and ASA II had showed a four-fold and two-fold increase in anti-lectin IgG response, respectively, vs. the control on day 14. In the intranasal route, the increases were 3-fold and 2.4-fold for ASA I and ASA II, respectively, on day 50. No decrease in the body weights of animals was noticed; the increases in the spleen and thymus weights, as well as their indices, were significant in the lectin groups. In the adjuvanticity study by intranasal administration, ASA I co-administered with ovalbumin (OVA) induced a remarkable increase in anti-OVA IgG response (~six-fold; p < 0.001) compared to the control, and ASA II induced a four-fold increase vs. the control on day 50. The results indicated that ASA was a potent immunogen which induced mucosal immunogenicity to the antigens that were administered intranasally in BALB/c mice. The observations made of the in vivo study indicate that ASA I has the potential use as an oral and mucosal adjuvant to deliver candidate weak antigens. Further clinical studies in humans are required to confirm its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthishree D. Padiyappa
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Hemavathi Avalappa
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Madhusudana Somegowda
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Agriculture and Horticulture Science, Shivamogga 577 204, India;
| | - Shankarappa Sridhara
- Center for Climate Resilient Agriculture, University of Agriculture and Horticulture Science, Shivamogga 577 204, India;
| | - Yeldur P. Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR–Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570 020, India;
| | - Bettadatunga T. Prabhakar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Siddanakoppalu N. Pramod
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.P.); (H.O.E.)
| | - Mona S. Almujaydil
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shadi Shokralla
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Ashraf M. M. Abdelbacki
- Applied Studies and Community Service College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.N.P.); (H.O.E.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt;
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Nascimento da Silva LC, Mendonça JSP, de Oliveira WF, Batista KLR, Zagmignan A, Viana IFT, Dos Santos Correia MT. Exploring lectin-glycan interactions to combat COVID-19: Lessons acquired from other enveloped viruses. Glycobiology 2021; 31:358-371. [PMID: 33094324 PMCID: PMC7665446 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has imposed great pressure on the health system worldwide. The presence of glycoproteins on the viral envelope opens a wide range of possibilities for application of lectins to address some urgent problems involved in this pandemic. In this work, we discuss the potential contributions of lectins from non-mammalian sources in the development of several fields associated with viral infections, most notably COVID-19. We review the literature on the use of non-mammalian lectins as a therapeutic approach against members of the Coronaviridae family, including recent advances in strategies of protein engineering to improve their efficacy. The applications of lectins as adjuvants for antiviral vaccines are also discussed. Finally, we present some emerging strategies employing lectins for the development of biosensors, microarrays, immunoassays and tools for purification of viruses from whole blood. Altogether, the data compiled in this review highlights the importance of structural studies aiming to improve our knowledge about the basis of glycan recognition by lectins and its repercussions in several fields, providing potential solutions for complex aspects that are emerging from different health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Laboratório de Patogenicidade Bacteriana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Laboratório de Patogenicidade Bacteriana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva Pereira Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Laboratório de Patogenicidade Bacteriana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Weslley Felix de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Karla Lílian Rodrigues Batista
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Laboratório de Patogenicidade Bacteriana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Laboratório de Patogenicidade Bacteriana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
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Butle AB, Talmale SA, Jadhao VV, Patil MB, Lambat TL. Immunostimulatory and anti-allergic potential of novel heterotrimeric lectin from seeds of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:389-397. [PMID: 33428960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. seeds (ZMS) have been used medicinally as sedative or hypnotic drugs in most of Asian countries. ZMS has significant benefits to the human health. Therefore, we have evaluated immunomodulatory effect of lectin extracted from these ZMSL in both in vitro and in vivo study. Anaphylaxis is a severe life-threatening allergic reaction and Arthus reaction is deposition of immune complex and complement system activation, so we hypothesized that if ZMSL can protect these severe allergic diseases. We have studied the effect of ZMSL on macrophages and Wistar albino rats and confirmed its protective effect against anaphylaxis and Arthus reaction. Results of this study suggest ZMSL have immunostimulatory and antiallergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin B Butle
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Suhas A Talmale
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek V Jadhao
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mandakini B Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, RashtrasantTukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Trimurti L Lambat
- Department of Chemistry, Manoharbhai Patel College of Arts, Commerce & Science, Deori, dist-Gondia 441901, Maharashtra, India.
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Marinkovic E, Djokic R, Lukic I, Filipovic A, Inic-Kanada A, Kosanovic D, Gavrovic-Jankulovic M, Stojanovic M. Modulation of functional characteristics of resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal murine macrophages by a recombinant banana lectin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172469. [PMID: 28235050 PMCID: PMC5325268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that a recombinant banana lectin (rBanLec), which structural characteristics and physiological impacts highly resemble those reported for its natural counterparts, binds murine peritoneal macrophages and specifically modulates their functional characteristics. By using rBanLec in concentrations ranging from 1 μg to 10 μg to stimulate resident (RMs) and thioglycollate-elicited (TGMs) peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, we have shown that effects of rBanLec stimulation depend on its concentration but also on the functional status of macrophages and their genetic background. rBanLec, in a positive dose-dependent manner, promotes the proliferation of TGMs from both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, while its mitogenic influence on RMs is significantly lower (BALB/c mice) or not detectable (C57BL/6 mice). In all peritoneal macrophages, irrespective of their type and genetic background, rBanLec, in a positive dose dependent manner, enhances the secretion of IL-10. rBanLec stimulation of RMs from both BALB/c and C57BL/6 resulted in a positive dose-dependent promotion of proinflammatory phenotype (enhancement of NO production and IL-12 and TNFα secretion, reduction of arginase activity). Positive dose-dependent skewing toward proinflammatory phenotype was also observed in TGMs from C57BL/6 mice. However, the enhancement of rBanLec stimulation promotes skewing of TGMs from BALB/c mice towards anti-inflammatory profile (reduction of NO production and IL-12 secretion, enhancement of arginase activity and TGFβ and IL-4 secretion). Moreover, we established that rBanLec binds oligosaccharide structures of TLR2 and CD14 and that blocking of signaling via these receptors significantly impairs the production of TNFα and NO in BALB/c macrophages. Since the outcome of rBanLec stimulation depends on rBanLec concentration as well as on the functional characteristics of its target cells and their genetic background, further studies are needed to investigate its effects under physiological and specific pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Marinkovic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Djokic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Lukic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Filipovic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Inic-Kanada
- OCUVAC–Center of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Dejana Kosanovic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marijana Stojanovic
- Department of Research and Development; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera–TORLAK; Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Protein Fractions from Korean Mistletoe (Viscum Album coloratum) Extract Induce Insulin Secretion from Pancreatic Beta Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:703624. [PMID: 24959189 PMCID: PMC4053293 DOI: 10.1155/2014/703624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mistletoe (Viscum Album coloratum) has been known as a medicinal plant in European and Asian countries. Recent data show that biological activity of mistletoe alleviates hypertension, heart disease, renal failure, and cancer development. In this study, we report the antidiabetic effect of Korean mistletoe extract (KME). KME treatments enhanced the insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell without any effects of cytotoxicity. PDX-1 and beta2/neuroD known as transcription factors that regulate the expression of insulin gene were upregulated by treatment of the KME protein fractions isolated by ion-exchange chromatography after ammonium sulfate precipitation. Furthermore, these KME protein fractions significantly lowered the blood glucose level and the volume of drinking water in alloxan induced hyperglycemic mice. Taken together with the findings, it provides new insight that KME might be served as a useful source for the development of medicinal reagent to reduce blood glucose level of type I diabetic patients.
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12
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Rosales-Mendoza S, Salazar-González JA. Immunological aspects of using plant cells as delivery vehicles for oral vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:737-49. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.913483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Fan Y, Ma L, Zhang W, Cui X, Zhen Y, Suolangzhaxi, Song X. Liposome can improve the adjuvanticity of astragalus polysaccharide on the immune response against ovalbumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 60:206-12. [PMID: 23748008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro, the effects of astragalus polysaccharide liposome (APSL) on splenocyte proliferation of mice were determined. The results showed that APSL could significantly promote splenocyte proliferation synergistically with PHA and LPS and the efficacy were superior to those of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and blank liposome (BL). In immune response experiment, the adjuvant effect of APSL at three doses, APS, BL and aluminum hydroxide (alum) were compared on mice immunized subcutaneously with ovalbumin (OVA). The results showed that APSL could significantly promote splenocyte proliferation, enhance specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses, promote IFN-γ and IL-6 secretion, and the efficacy were significantly better than alum at most time points. These results indicated that APSL could significantly improve the adjuvanticity and drug action of APS, and its high and medium doses possessed the best efficacy. Therefore, the liposome would be expected to exploit into a new-type preparation of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
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14
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Muñoz R, Arias Y, Ferreras JM, Jiménez P, Langa C, Rojo MA, Gayoso MJ, Córdoba-Díaz D, Bernabéu C, Girbés T. In vitro and in vivo effects of an anti-mouse endoglin (CD105)-immunotoxin on the early stages of mouse B16MEL4A5 melanoma tumours. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:541-51. [PMID: 23076642 PMCID: PMC11029560 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
TGF-beta superfamily co-receptors are emerging as targets for cancer therapy, acting both directly on cells and indirectly on the tumour neovasculature. Endoglin (CD105), an accessory component of the TGF-beta receptor complex, is expressed in certain melanoma cell lines and the endothelial cells of tumour neovessels. Targeting endoglin with immunotoxins is an attractive approach for actively suppressing the blood supply to tumours. Here, we report evidence indicating that endoglin is expressed in mouse melanoma B16MEL4A5 and mouse fibroblast L929 cell lines. We prepared an immunotoxin to target endoglin by coupling the rat anti-mouse MJ7/18 (IgG2a) monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the non-toxic type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein nigrin b (Ngb) with N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate (SPDP) as a linker with a molar nigrin b at a MJ7/18 stoichiometry of 2:1. The MJ7-Ngb immunotoxin generated killed both cell lines, with IC50 values of 4.2 × 10(-9) M for B16MEL4A5 and 7.7 × 10(-11) M for L929 cells. For in vivo assays of the immunotoxin, B16MEL4A5 cells were injected subcutaneously into the right flanks of 6-week-old C57BL/6 J mice. When the animals developed palpable solid tumours, they were subjected to treatment with the immunotoxin. While treatment with either MJ7/18 mAb or Ngb did not affect tumour development, treatment with the immunotoxin completely and steadily blocked tumour growth up to 7 days, after which some tumours re-grew. Thus, vascular-targeting therapy with this anti-vascular immunotoxin could promote the destruction of newly created tumour vessels at early stages of B16MEL4A5 tumour development and readily accessible CD105+ B16MEL4A5 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Arias
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Ferreras
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Jiménez
- Nutrición y Bromatología-Facultad de Medicina y Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética (CINAD), Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen Langa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Angeles Rojo
- Escuela Politécnica, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Manuel José Gayoso
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología y Farmacología, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Damián Córdoba-Díaz
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Bernabéu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Girbés
- Nutrición y Bromatología-Facultad de Medicina y Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética (CINAD), Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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15
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Lin J, Mateo KS, Zhao M, Erickson AK, Garcia N, He D, Moxley RA, Francis DH. Protection of piglets against enteric colibacillosis by intranasal immunization with K88ac (F4ac) fimbriae and heat labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. Vet Microbiol 2012; 162:731-739. [PMID: 23089483 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important diarrheal agent of young domestic animals. Currently, there are no commercially available non-living vaccines to protect weaned pigs from the disease and no major veterinary biologics company markets a postweaning ETEC vaccine of any kind. While efforts have been made to develop a non-living postweaning ETEC vaccine for pigs, studies have been limited to the assessment of immune responses to experimental immunogens. In the present study, we describe a reproducible gnotobiotic piglet model of post-weaning ETEC diarrhea and efficacy tests in that model of subunit vaccines consisting of K88 (F4) fimbriae and/or heat labile enterotoxin (LT) delivered by the intranasal route. We also report antibody responses to the vaccine antigens. Piglets vaccinated with both antigens mounted a substantial immune response with serum and cecal antibody titers to K88 antigen significantly greater than those of controls. Serum anti-LT antibody titers were also significantly greater than those of controls. Piglets vaccinated with both antigens remained healthy following challenge with ETEC. At least some pigs vaccinated with either antigen alone, and most of the control piglets developed dehydrating diarrhea and suffered significant weight loss. The results of this study suggest that an intranasal vaccine consisting of both antigens is highly protective against a vigorous experimental challenge of pigs with K88+ ETEC, while that against either antigen alone is not. The current study provides a system whereby various ETEC antigens and/or combinations of antigens can be tested in exploring strategies for the development of vaccines for ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Kristina S Mateo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Mojun Zhao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175, Brookings, SD 57007, United States; Brookings Biomedical, Inc., 1006 32nd Ave, Suite 106, Brookings, SD 57006, United States
| | - Alan K Erickson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Nuria Garcia
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Dong He
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Box 2220, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Rodney A Moxley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, AK 68583, United States
| | - David H Francis
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175, Brookings, SD 57007, United States; Brookings Biomedical, Inc., 1006 32nd Ave, Suite 106, Brookings, SD 57006, United States.
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16
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Abstract
Whilst oral vaccination is a potentially preferred route in terms of patient adherence and mass vaccination, the ability to formulate effective oral vaccines remains a challenge. The primary barrier to oral vaccination is effective delivery of the vaccine through the GI tract owing to the many obstacles it presents, including low pH, enzyme degradation and bile-salt solubilization, which can result in breakdown/deactivation of a vaccine. For effective immune responses after oral administration, particulates need to be taken up by the M cells however, these are few in number. To enhance M-cell uptake, particle characteristics can be optimized with particle size, surface charge, targeting groups and bioadhesive properties all being considerations. Yet improved uptake may not translate into enhanced immune responses and formulating particulates with inherent adjuvant properties can offer advantages. Within this article, we establish the options available for consideration when building effective oral particulate vaccines.
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17
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Kienle GS, Grugel R, Kiene H. Safety of higher dosages of Viscum album L. in animals and humans--systematic review of immune changes and safety parameters. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 11:72. [PMID: 21871125 PMCID: PMC3180269 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viscum album L extracts (VAE, mistletoe) and isolated mistletoe lectins (ML) have immunostimulating properties and a strong dose-dependent cytotoxic activity. They are frequently used in complementary cancer treatment, mainly to improve quality of life, but partly also to influence tumour growth, especially by injecting VAE locally and in high dosage. The question is raised whether these higher dosages can induce any harm or immunosuppressive effects. METHODS Systematic review of all experiments and clinical studies investigating higher dosages of VAE in animals and humans (Viscum album > 1 mg in humans corresponding to > 0.02 mg/kg in animals or ML > 1 ng/kg) and assessing immune parameters or infections or adverse drug reactions. RESULTS 69 clinical studies and 48 animal experiments reported application of higher doses of VAE or ML and had assessed immune changes and/or harm. In these studies, Viscum album was applied in dosages up to 1500 mg in humans and 1400 mg/kg in animals, ML was applied up to 6.4 μg/kg in humans and in animals up to 14 μg/kg subcutaneously, 50 μg/kg nasally and 500 μg/kg orally. A variety of immune parameters showed fluctuating or rising outcomes, but no immunosuppressive effect. Side effects consisted mainly of dose-dependent flu-like symptoms (FLS), fever, local reactions at the injection site and various mild unspecific effects. Occasionally, allergic reactions were reported. After application of high doses of recombinant ML, reversible hepatotoxicity was observed in some cases. CONCLUSIONS Application of higher dosages of VAE or ML is not accompanied by immunosuppression; altogether VAE seems to exhibit low risk but should be monitored by clinicians when applied in high dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunver S Kienle
- Institute for Applied Epistemology and Medical Methodology at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Zechenweg 6, 79111 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Renate Grugel
- Institute for Applied Epistemology and Medical Methodology at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Zechenweg 6, 79111 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Kiene
- Institute for Applied Epistemology and Medical Methodology at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Zechenweg 6, 79111 Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Gupta A, Khajuria A, Singh J, Singh S, Suri K, Qazi G. Immunological adjuvant effect of Boswellia serrata (BOS 2000) on specific antibody and cellular response to ovalbumin in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:968-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Ogechukwu OE, Ogoamaka OP, Sylvester NC, Kawamura A, Proksch P. Immunomodulatory activity of a lupane triterpenoid ester isolated from the eastern Nigeria mistletoe, Loranthus micranthus (Linn). ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2011; 4:514-22. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Jung JH, Kim YH, Song TJ, An H, Kim KD, Kim IB, Yoon TJ, Kim JB. Adjuvant effect of Korean mistletoe lectin on mucosal immunity induction following intranasal immunization with hemagglutinin antigen. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Granell A, Fernández del-Carmen A, Orzáez D. In planta production of plant-derived and non-plant-derived adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:843-58. [PMID: 20673009 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antigen production in plants is a safe and economically sound strategy for vaccine development, particularly for oral/mucosal vaccination, but subunit vaccines usually suffer from weak immunogenicity and require adjuvants that escort the antigens, target them to relevant sites and/or activate antigen-presenting cells for elicitation of protective immunity. Genetic fusions of antigens with bacterial adjuvants as the B subunit of the cholera toxin have been successful in inducing protective immunity of plant-made vaccines. In addition, several plant compounds, mainly plant defensive molecules as lectins and saponins, have shown strong adjuvant activities. The molecular diversity of the plant kingdom offers a vast source of non-bacterial compounds with adjuvant activity, which can be assayed in emerging plant manufacturing systems for the design of new plant vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain
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22
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23
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Clement F, Venkatesh YP. Dietary garlic (Allium sativum) lectins, ASA I and ASA II, are highly stable and immunogenic. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:1161-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Licciardi PV, Underwood JR. Identification of a novel vaccine adjuvant that stimulates and maintains diphtheria toxoid immunity. Vaccine 2010; 28:3865-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Comstock SS, Gershwin LJ, Teuber SS. Effect of walnut (Juglans regia) polyphenolic compounds on ovalbumin-specific IgE induction in female BALB/c mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1190:58-69. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Huang L, Adachi T, Shimizu Y, Goto Y, Toyama J, Tanaka H, Akashi R, Sawaguchi A, Iwata H, Haga T. Characterization of lectin isolated from Momordica charantia seed as a B cell activator. Immunol Lett 2008; 121:148-56. [PMID: 19014972 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lectin isolated from the seeds of Momordica charantia (MCL) is a galactose-specific glycoprotein. To investigate the effects of MCL on cell activation, we analyzed the responses of BALB/c splenocytes, thymocytes, T cells and B cells on MCL stimulation. Proliferation assays showed that MCL selectively stimulates the B cell subset of splenocytes (p<0.05) in a dose and time dependent manner and that this activation proceeds without the involvement of T cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled MCL binds to B cells, which was inhibited by specific sugars, including galactose. Mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) was able to inhibit MCL-induced proliferation of mouse B cells, suggesting MCL stimulates B cell activation via membrane Ig in the B cell surface. Moreover, after 96-h co-culture, MCL triggered splenocytes to produce a large amount of non-specific IgM in culture supernatants (p<0.01). Additionally, MCL was shown to up-regulate the cell activation marker CD86, in a B cell subpopulation distinct from that affected by LPS. These data suggest that MCL is a T cell-independent B cell activator and a polyclonal Ig inducer, and provide further information on the immunomodulatory effect of MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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27
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Lavelle EC, Grant G, Pfuller U, O'Hagan DT. Immunological Implications of the use of Plant Lectins for Drug and Vaccine Targeting to the Gastrointestinal Tract. J Drug Target 2008; 12:89-95. [PMID: 15203902 DOI: 10.1080/10611860410001693733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant lectins are under consideration as targeting agents to enhance the efficacy of orally administered drugs and vaccines. A significant issue that must be considered is the immunogenicity of these molecules since an immune response to the targeting agent may interfere with its ability to interact with the epithelium. In contrast, the ability of certain lectins to activate the immune system may be exploited in the delivery of vaccines. We previously demonstrated that plant lectins vary widely in their immunogenicity and in particular that mistletoe lectins (ML) I, II and II (MLI, MLII, MLIII) are potent immunogens when administered nasotracheally. Here, we measured immune responses following oral delivery of the MLs and assessed their ability to enhance responses to a co-administered antigen to determine if the molecules possess adjuvant activity. Oral administration of the lectins induced potent lectin-specific systemic and mucosal antibody responses. In addition, each of the three lectins possessed adjuvant activity when delivered orally together with ovalbumin (OVA). The lectins enhanced both serum and mucosal antibody responses to the co-delivered antigen. This shows for the first time that MLI, MLII and MLIII possess adjuvant activity when administered orally and may provide a platform for the generation of effective mucosal adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Lavelle
- Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College, 2 Dublin, Ireland.
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28
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HUANG L, IKEJIRI A, SHIMIZU Y, ADACHI T, GOTO Y, TOYAMA J, TANAKA H, AKASHI R, UCHIDA K, MIYATA H, HAGA T. Immunoadjuvant Activity of Crude Lectin Extracted from Momordica Charantia Seed. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:533-5. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li HUANG
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Miyazaki
| | - Ai IKEJIRI
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Miyazaki
| | - Yuya SHIMIZU
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Miyazaki
| | - Takumi ADACHI
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Miyazaki
| | - Yoshitaka GOTO
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Miyazaki
| | - Jun TOYAMA
- Japan Science and Technology Agency Innovation Satellite Miyazaki
| | - Hidenori TANAKA
- Japan Science and Technology Agency Innovation Satellite Miyazaki
| | - Ryo AKASHI
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki
| | | | - Hironori MIYATA
- Animal Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Takeshi HAGA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Miyazaki
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29
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Abstract
As early as 900 years ago, the Bedouins of the Negev desert were reported to kill a rabid dog, roast its liver and feed it to a dog-bitten person for three to five days according to the size and number of bites [1] . In sixteenth century China, physicians routinely prescribed pills made from the fleas collected from sick cows, which purportedly prevented smallpox. One may dismiss the wisdom of the Bedouins or Chinese but the Nobel laureate, Charles Richet, demonstrated in 1900 that feeding raw meat can cure tuberculous dogs - an approach he termed zomotherapy. Despite historical clues indicating the feasibility of oral vaccination, this particular field is notoriously infamous for the abundance of dead-end leads. Today, most commercial vaccines are delivered by injection, which has the principal limitation that recipients do not like needles. In the last few years, there has been a sharp increase in interest in needle-free vaccine delivery; new data emerges almost daily in the literature. So far, there are very few licensed oral vaccines, but many more vaccine candidates are in development. Vaccines delivered orally have the potential to take immunization to a fundamentally new level. In this review, the authors summarize the recent progress in the area of oral vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Compounding
- Gastrointestinal Tract/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccination/trends
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/chemistry
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Edible/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Edible/chemistry
- Vaccines, Edible/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/chemistry
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro S Silin
- Queen's University Belfast, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Medical and Biology Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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Song SK, Moldoveanu Z, Nguyen HH, Kim EH, Choi KY, Kim JB, Mestecky J. Intranasal immunization with influenza virus and Korean mistletoe lectin C (KML-C) induces heterosubtypic immunity in mice. Vaccine 2007; 25:6359-66. [PMID: 17640781 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal adjuvanticity of Korean mistletoe lectin C (KML-C) was investigated in mice intranasally immunized with inactivated influenza virus (H1N1). Mucosal and systemic immune responses were compared to those induced with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). KML-C increased influenza-specific antibodies with dominant IgG1 subclass in serum, IgG in genital secretions and IgA in saliva, and significantly enhanced influenza-specific lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic activity in spleens and in mediastinal lymph nodes. When KML-C was used as a mucosal adjuvant, mice were completely protected from mortality after the challenge with a homologous (H1N1) mouse-adapted influenza virus. After challenge with heterologous (H3N2) influenza virus the level of heterosubtypic immunity in KML-C-treated mice was comparable to that of mice that received CTB as adjuvant. These findings suggest that KML-C may be used as an effective mucosal adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Kyu Song
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Han Dong University, Namsong-Ri 3, Buk-Ku, Pohang, Kyungbuk 791-940, South Korea.
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31
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Rogerio AP, Cardoso CR, Fontanari C, Souza MA, Afonso-Cardoso SR, Silva EV, Koyama NS, Basei FL, Soares EG, Calixto JB, Stowell SR, Dias-Baruffi M, Faccioli LH. Anti-asthmatic potential of a D-galactose-binding lectin from Synadenium carinatum latex. Glycobiology 2007; 17:795-804. [PMID: 17522108 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwm053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from the plant Synadenium carinatum latex are widely and indiscriminately used in popular medicine to treat a great number of inflammatory disorders and although the mechanisms underlying these effects remain undefined, the lectin isolated from S. carinatum latex (ScLL) is thought to be in part responsible for these anti-inflammatory effects. In order to elucidate possible immunoregulatory activities of ScLL, we investigated the effects of ScLL administration in models of acute and chronic inflammation. Oral administration of ScLL significantly inhibited neutrophil and eosinophil extravasation in models of acute and chronic inflammation and reduced eosinophil and mononuclear blood counts during chronic inflammation. ScLL administration reduced IL(interleukin)-4 and IL-5 levels but increased interferon-gamma and IL-10 in an asthma inflammatory model, which suggested that it might induce a TH2 to TH1 shift in the adaptive immune response. ScLL also inhibited IkappaBalpha degradation, a negative regulator of proinflammatory NF-kappaB. Taken together, these results provide the first description of a single factor isolated from S. carinatum latex extract with immunoregulatory functions and suggest that ScLL may be useful in the treatment of allergic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P Rogerio
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário Trindade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88049-900, Brazil
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32
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Abstract
It is well-established that most pathogens that cause infectious diseases enter the host via mucosal membranes of the respiratory, digestive and genital tracts. Some parenterally administered vaccines induce protection against mucosal pathogens. However, there is increasing evidence that mucosal protection is better afforded by mucosal vaccination, particularly for the induction of memory responses. Mucosal vaccines must pass several difficult hurdles before entering the host and inducing an effective and protective immune response. This review deals with present and past efforts in devising effective mucosal vaccines using delivery systems and immunopotentiating adjuvants for protein-based vaccines. The paper will conclude with the authors' opinion on how the field will or should progress in the future and what will be the required components of ideal future mucosal vaccines that can induce immunological memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vajdy
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, USA.
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33
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Rajcáni J, Durmanová V. Developments in herpes simplex virus vaccines: old problems and new challenges. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2006; 51:67-85. [PMID: 16821715 DOI: 10.1007/bf02932160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination has remained the best method for preventing virus spread. The herpes simplex virus (HSV) candidate vaccines tested till now were mostly purified subunit vaccines and/or recombinant envelope glycoproteins (such as gB and gD). In many experiments performed in mice, guinea pigs and rabbits, clear-cut protection against acute virus challenge was demonstrated along with the reduction of the extent of latency, when established in the immunized host. The immunotherapeutic effect of herpes vaccines seems less convincing. However, introduction of new adjuvants, which shift the cytokine production of helper T-cells toward stimulation of cytotoxic T-cells (TH1 type cytokine response), reveals a promising development. Mathematical analysis proved that overall prophylactic vaccination of seronegative women, even when eliciting 40-60 % antibody response only, would reduce the frequency of genital herpes within the vaccinated population. Even when partially effective, immunotherapeutic vaccination might represent a suitable alternative of chronic chemotherapy in recurrent labial and genital herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rajcáni
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wu Y, Sun H, Qin F, Pan Y, Sun C. Effect of various extracts and a polysaccharide from the edible mycelia ofCordyceps sinensis on cellular and humoral immune response against ovalbumin in mice. Phytother Res 2006; 20:646-52. [PMID: 16691546 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the edible mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. were sequentially extracted by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and ultrasonic water-bath (75 degrees C), and the water extract was further isolated by Sephadex G-100 to afford a petroleum ether extract (PE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE), ethanol extract (EE), glycoprotein (GP) and a purified polysaccharide (PS). In combination with component analysis, the isolated PS showed d-Glc, d-Man, l-Ara and d-Gal in a molar ratio of 8:90:1:1. The average molecular weight of PS was determined as approximately 8.3 x 10(4). The immunomodulatory potentials of these samples (PE, EAE, EE, GP and PS) at three dose levels on the cellular and humoral immune responses of ICR mice against ovalbumin (OVA) were studied. ICR mice were immunized subcutaneously with 100 microg OVA alone or with 100 microg OVA dissolved in saline containing these samples (100, 200 or 400 microg) on days 1 and 15. Two weeks later (day 28), concanavalin A (Con A)- and OVA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and OVA-specific antibody in serum were investigated. These samples, except for PS, significantly enhanced the Con A- and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation in OVA-immunized mice at a suitable dose (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). OVA-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibody levels in serum were significantly enhanced by these extracts and PS compared with the OVA control group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 or p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310 027, P.R. China
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Manocha M, Pal PC, Chitralekha KT, Thomas BE, Tripathi V, Gupta SD, Paranjape R, Kulkarni S, Rao DN. Enhanced mucosal and systemic immune response with intranasal immunization of mice with HIV peptides entrapped in PLG microparticles in combination with Ulex Europaeus-I lectin as M cell target. Vaccine 2005; 23:5599-617. [PMID: 16099080 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The predominant route of HIV infection is through the sexual transmission via M cells. Most of the peptide and protein vaccines show poor transport across the epithelial barrier and are commonly administered by parenteral route. In the present study four HIV peptides from envelope (gp 41-LZ (leucine zipper), gp 41-FD (fusion domain) and gp120-C2) and regulatory (Nef) region in poly lactic-co-glycolide (PLG) micro-particle delivery were evaluated in mice of outbred and with different genetic background to compare immune response versus MHC restriction. Out of the combinational and single routes of immunization attempted, the single route maintained the IgG, IgA and sIgA in sera and washes for longer duration as compared to combinational routes in which the response was declined. The study demonstrated that single intranasal immunization offered significantly higher immune response (p<0.05) over oral and rectal mucosal routes in terms of inducing systemic as well as mucosal response. Also, the specific activity measurement of IgA and IgG in sera and sIgA in washes were correlating to the antibody titers. However, the intramuscular route of immunization generated systemic response only. The entrapment of plant lectin UEA-1 a ligand specific for M cells in micro-particle further enhanced the immune response in all the mucosal routes. The IgG isotypes generated were of IgG1 and IgG2a/2b in sera for all the peptides. The T cell proliferation response study with and without UEA-1 lectin in micro-particles showed significantly high (p<0.05) stimulation index (SI) with intranasal immunization for all the peptides from cells collected from spleen (SP), peyer's patches (PP) and lamina propria (LP) with SI in the order LP cells>PP>or=SP. The cytokine measurement profile of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-6 and low levels of IL-4 in the cultural supernatants of SP, PP and LP showed mixed CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 immune response. The p24 assay showed high percent inhibition of HIV-IIIB virus with sera and washes obtained from intranasal route. Thus, overall the study highlighted the combination of UEA-1 lectin with HIV peptides in micro-particles through intranasal immunization generated systemic as well as mucosal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Manocha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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36
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Reed DG, Nopo-Olazabal LH, Funk V, Woffenden BJ, Reidy MJ, Dolan MC, Cramer CL, Medina-Bolivar F. Expression of functional hexahistidine-tagged ricin B in tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2005; 24:15-24. [PMID: 15599751 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Revised: 10/30/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ricin B (RTB), the lectin subunit of ricin, shows promise as an effective mucosal adjuvant and carrier for use in humans. In order to obtain a recombinant plant source of RTB that is devoid of the toxic ricin A subunit, we expressed RTB in Nicotiana tabacum. RTB was engineered with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag (His-RTB), which may affect protein stability. Lactose-affinity purification of His-RTB from leaves yielded three major glycosylated products of 32, 33.5 and 35 kDa. Their identity as RTB was verified by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting with anti-ricin antibodies. Functionality of His-RTB was confirmed by binding to asialofetuin, lactose and galactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah G Reed
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0331, USA
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Gautam M, Diwanay SS, Gairola S, Shinde YS, Jadhav SS, Patwardhan BK. Immune response modulation to DPT vaccine by aqueous extract of Withania somnifera in experimental system. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4:841-9. [PMID: 15135324 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2003] [Revised: 01/30/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunopotentiation on oral feeding of standardized aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (Linn. Dunal, Family Solanaceae) was evaluated in laboratory animals immunized with DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) vaccine. The immunostimulation was evaluated using serological and hematological parameters. Treatment of immunized animals with test material (100 mg/kg/day) for 15 days resulted in significant increase of antibody titers to B. pertussis (P=0.000007). Immunized animals (treated and untreated) were challenged with B. pertussis 18,323 strain and the animals were observed for 14 days. Results indicate that the treated animals did show significant increase in antibody titers as compared to untreated animals after challenge (P=0.000003). Immunoprotection against intracerebral challenge of live B. pertussis cells was evaluated based on degree of sickness, paralysis and subsequent death. Reduced mortality accompanied with overall improved health status was observed in treated animals after intracerebral challenge of B. pertussis indicating development of protective immune response. Present study indicates application of the test material as potential immunopotentiating agent possible applications in immunochemical industry. The test material also offers direct therapeutic benefits resulting in reduced morbidity and mortality of experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gautam
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, Pune 411007, Maharastra, India.
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38
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Gautam M, Diwanay S, Gairola S, Shinde Y, Patki P, Patwardhan B. Immunoadjuvant potential of Asparagus racemosus aqueous extract in experimental system. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 91:251-255. [PMID: 15120447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2003.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2003] [Revised: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 12/23/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The immunoadjuvant potential of Asparagus racemosus (Willd.) Family (Liliaceae) aqueous root extract was evaluated in experimental animals immunized with diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Immunostimulation was evaluated using serological and hematological parameters. Oral administration of test material at 100 mg/kg per day dose for 15 days resulted significant increase (P = 0.0052) in antibody titers to Bordtella pertussis as compared to untreated (control) animals. Immunized animals (treated and untreated) were challenged with B. pertussis 18323 strain and the animals were observed for 14 days. Results indicate that the treated animals did show significant increase in antibody titers as compared to untreated animals after challenge (P = 0.002). Immunoprotection against intra-cerebral challenge of live B. pertussis cells was evaluated based on degree of sickness, paralysis and subsequent death. Reduced mortality accompanied with overall improved health status was observed in treated animals after intra-cerebral challenge of B. pertussis indicating development of protective immune response. Present study indicates applications of test material as potential immunoadjuvant that also offers direct therapeutic benefits resulting in less morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Gautam
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, Pune, Maharastra 411007, India.
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