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Liddle RA. Chemical pancreatectomy: an unconventional approach to preventing autodigestion in pancreatitis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146210. [PMID: 33529161 DOI: 10.1172/jci146210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to progressive inflammation, chronic pancreatitis destroys both the exocrine and endocrine pancreas and sensitizes pancreatic nerves, leading to unremitting pain. Unfortunately, there are no treatments for pancreatic inflammation and approaches to ameliorate pain are suboptimal. Pancreatic inflammation is particularly problematic because damage to acinar cells causes local release of digestive enzymes, which initiate pancreatic autodigestion. The combination of autodigestion and inflammation is unique to pancreatitis and undoubtedly contributes to the difficulty in devising effective treatments. In this issue of the JCI, Saleh et al. describe a nonsurgical technique to ablate pancreatic acinar cells, thus eliminating the source of digestive enzymes and preventing autodigestion. In mice and a nonhuman primate model, this approach effectively reduced inflammation and pain while preserving islet cell function. These findings support the concept that ongoing acinar cell damage is at the root of chronic pancreatitis and provide a possible strategy for clinical treatment.
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Park JW, Nam KT, Shin JH, Kim IY, Choi KM, Roh KJ, Oh SH, Yun YM, Suh JG, Oh YS, Yoon YS, Seong JK. Clusterin is highly expressed in tubular complexes during spontaneous pancreatitis of spontaneous hypertensive rats. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1553-1557. [PMID: 30111670 PMCID: PMC6207517 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of pancreas which leads to varying degrees of
pancreatic endocrine and exocrine dysfunction and manifests in either acute or chronic
forms. Spontaneous pancreatitis in experimental animals has rarely been reported. Here, we
found acute to chronic courses of spontaneous pancreatitis in spontaneously hypertensive
rats (SHRs), showing the formation of tubular complexes (TCs) and enhanced islet
regeneration. We investigated the expression pattern of clusterin in the pancreas of SHRs
based on immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC analysis revealed the strong expression of
clusterin in dedifferentiated duct-like cells and regenerative islets of TCs. These
results imply that clusterin might be involved in the formation of TCs and parenchymal
regeneration during rat pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Won Park
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Choi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Roh
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Korea
| | - Young-Min Yun
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, 61 Iljudong-ro, Jeju-si Jeju-do, 63294, Korea
| | - Jun-Gyo Suh
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Medical Genetics and Experimental Animal Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallimdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Korea
| | - Yang-Seok Oh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Experimental Animal Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallimdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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3
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Huang X, Bhugul PA, Fan G, Ye T, Huang S, Dai S, Chen B, Zhou M. Luteolin inhibits pancreatitis‑induced acinar‑ductal metaplasia, proliferation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of acinar cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3681-3689. [PMID: 29286098 PMCID: PMC5802174 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavone, has been demonstrated to have anti‑cancer properties. In the current study, the effects of luteolin on certain carcinogenesis‑associated changes induced by pancreatitis, which are significant risk factors for pancreatic cancer, were investigated. Male six‑week‑old C57BL6 mice used in the current study were divided into three groups; the control group, acute pancreatitis group and luteolin group. Intra‑peritoneal injection of cearulein was performed in the acute pancreatitis group and luteolin group to induce acute pancreatitis whereas the luteolin group received intra‑peritoneal injection of luteolin. The control group received intra‑peritoneal injection of normal saline. Then, the expression of SOX9, phosphorylated (p‑) STAT3, p‑EGFR, cytokeratin‑19, Ki67 and N‑cadherin were determined by immunohistochemistry. Morphological changes of acinar cells were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The mRNA expression of the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition markers CDH1, CDH2, Slug, Zeb1, EpCAM, ZO1, Vimentin, Snail and Twist was determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. It was identified that luteolin inhibits the formation of tubular complexes and ectopic expression of cytokeratin‑19 and luteolin also decreased proteins of SOX9, p‑STAT3 and p‑EGFR. In addition, luteolin inhibits proliferation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of acinar cells induced by acute pancreatitis. As tubular complex formation and ectopic expression of cytokeratin‑19 were two prominent characters of acinar‑ductal metaplasia, it was concluded that luteolin inhibits acinar‑ductal metaplasia induced by pancreatitis and also inhibits pancreatitis‑induced proliferation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of acinar cells. Acinar‑ductal metaplasia and proliferation have close associations with pancreatic carcinogenesis. It is suggested that luteolin has potential anti‑pancreatic carcinogenesis effects and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xince Huang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Pravin Avinash Bhugul
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Fan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Shihao Huang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Shengjie Dai
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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4
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Wodziak D, Dong A, Basin MF, Lowe AW. Anterior Gradient 2 (AGR2) Induced Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Signaling Is Essential for Murine Pancreatitis-Associated Tissue Regeneration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164968. [PMID: 27764193 PMCID: PMC5072742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently published study identified Anterior Gradient 2 (AGR2) as a regulator of EGFR signaling by promoting receptor presentation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. AGR2 also promotes tissue regeneration in amphibians and fish. Whether AGR2-induced EGFR signaling is essential for tissue regeneration in higher vertebrates was evaluated using a well-characterized murine model for pancreatitis. The impact of AGR2 expression and EGFR signaling on tissue regeneration was evaluated using the caerulein-induced pancreatitis mouse model. EGFR signaling and cell proliferation were examined in the context of the AGR2-/-null mouse or with the EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG1478. In addition, the Hippo signaling coactivator YAP1 was evaluated in the context of AGR2 expression during pancreatitis. Pancreatitis-induced AGR2 expression enabled EGFR translocation to the plasma membrane, the initiation of cell signaling, and cell proliferation. EGFR signaling and tissue regeneration were partially inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478, but absent in the AGR2-/-null mouse. AG1478-treated and AGR2-/-null mice with pancreatitis died whereas all wild-type controls recovered. YAP1 activation was also dependent on pancreatitis-induced AGR2 expression. AGR2-induced EGFR signaling was essential for tissue regeneration and recovery from pancreatitis. The results establish tissue regeneration as a major function of AGR2-induced EGFR signaling in adult higher vertebrates. Enhanced AGR2 expression and EGFR signaling are also universally present in human pancreatic cancer, which support a linkage between tissue injury, regeneration, and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Wodziak
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Aiwen Dong
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Basin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Anson W. Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Nolte T, Brander-Weber P, Dangler C, Deschl U, Elwell MR, Greaves P, Hailey R, Leach MW, Pandiri AR, Rogers A, Shackelford CC, Spencer A, Tanaka T, Ward JM. Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Pancreas and Salivary Glands of the Rat and Mouse. J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 29:1S-125S. [PMID: 26973378 PMCID: PMC4765498 DOI: 10.1293/tox.29.1s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) project is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for nonproliferative and proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for classifying lesions in the digestive system including the salivary glands and the exocrine pancreas of laboratory rats and mice. Most lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature, the diagnostic criteria, and the photomicrographs are also available electronically on the Internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous and age related lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test items. Relevant infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for the digestive system will decrease misunderstandings among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nolte
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an
der Riss, 88397, Germany
- Chairman of the Digestive Tract INHAND Committee
| | - Patricia Brander-Weber
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma
AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Dangler
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.
Present: Sanofi5 The Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01740,
USA
| | - Ulrich Deschl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an
der Riss, 88397, Germany
| | - Michael R. Elwell
- Covance Laboratories, Inc. 14500 Avion Parkway, Ste 125,
Chantilly, Virginia 20151, USA
| | - Peter Greaves
- University of Leicester, Department of Cancer Studies and
Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Science Building, Leicester Royal
Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hailey
- GlaxoSmithKline PO Box 14164 Durham, North Carolina 27709,
USA
| | | | - Arun R. Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology
Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27709, USA
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. PO Box 12766,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Arlin Rogers
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 274
Tremont Street, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Cynthia C. Shackelford
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology
Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Alnwick Research Centre,
Willowburn Avenue, Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2JH United Kingdom
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6
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Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Repair Necrotic Pancreatic Tissue and Promote Angiogenesis by Secreting Cellular Growth Factors Involved in the SDF-1 α /CXCR4 Axis in Rats. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:306836. [PMID: 25810724 PMCID: PMC4355908 DOI: 10.1155/2015/306836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP), a common acute abdominal disease, 10%-20% of which can evolve into severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is of significant morbidity and mortality. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been reported to have a potential therapeutic role on SAP, but the specific mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we conducted this experiment to shed light on the probable mechanism. We validated that SDF-1α significantly stimulated the expressions of VEGF, ANG-1, HGF, TGF-β, and CXCR4 in BMSCs, which were inhibited by its receptor agonist, AMD3100. The capacities of proliferation, migration, and repair of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were enhanced by BMSCs supernatant. Meanwhile, BMSCs supernatant could also promote angiogenesis, especially after the stimulation with SDF-1α. In vivo, the migration of BMSCs was regulated by SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. Moreover, transplanted BMSCs could significantly alleviate SAP, reduce the systematic inflammation (TNF-α↓, IL-1β↓, IL-6↓, IL-4↑, IL-10↑, and TGF-β↑), and promote tissue repair and angiogenesis (VEGF↑, ANG-1↑, HGF↑, TGF-β↑, and CD31↑), compared with the SAP and anti-CXCR4 groups. Taken together, the results showed that BMSCs ameliorated SAP and the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis was involved in the repair and regeneration process.
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7
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol abuse is one of the most common factors associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis. Although it is evident that alcohol abuse can have an important role in the development of pancreatitis, it does not seem that alcohol abuse alone is responsible for this disease. We investigated the involvement of ethanol in the impairment of pancreatic repair after induction of pancreatitis. METHODS A biologically relevant mouse model of alcoholic pancreatitis, combining long-term ethanol consumption and coxsackievirus infection, was used to investigate the effects of ethanol on pancreatic regeneration. Tissues were harvested and analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot. RESULTS These studies demonstrate that long-term ethanol consumption impairs the structural repair of the exocrine pancreas. This is accompanied by a delay in the restitution of lipase expression. In addition, impaired expression of the critical pancreatic transcription factors, PDX1 and PTF1, and the mediator of Notch signaling, HES1, was observed. CONCLUSIONS Long-term ethanol consumption impairs the structural repair and functional restitution of the pancreas after severe injury. These impairments may, in part, be explained by the impaired expression of factors important in the development and maintenance of the exocrine pancreas. Impaired pancreatic regeneration may have a role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Scheer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105
| | - Mallory Suhr
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105
| | - Dahn L. Clemens
- Nebraska and Western Iowa Veterans Administration Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105,Corresponding Author: Dahn L. Clemens, PhD., Associate Professor Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha Nebraska 68198-8098, (402) 995-3738,
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8
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Kritzik MR, Lago CU, Kayali AG, Arnaud-Dabernat S, Liu G, Zhang YQ, Hua H, Fox HS, Sarvetnick NE. Epithelial progenitor 1, a novel factor associated with epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Endocrine 2010; 37:312-21. [PMID: 20960269 PMCID: PMC4288843 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The growth and renewal of epithelial tissue is a highly orchestrated and tightly regulated process occurring in different tissue types under a variety of circumstances. We have been studying the process of pancreatic regeneration in mice. We have identified a cell surface protein, named EP1, which is expressed on the duct epithelium during pancreatic regeneration. Whereas it is not detected in the pancreas of normal mice, it is found in the intestinal epithelium of normal adult mice, as well as during pancreatic repair following cerulein-induced destruction of the acinar tissue. The distinctive situations in which EP1 is expressed, all of which share in common epithelial cell growth in the gastrointestinal tract, suggest that EP1 is involved in the growth and renewal of epithelial tissues in both the intestine and the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcie R. Kritzik
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Surgery, Leid Transplant Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Cory U. Lago
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ayse G. Kayali
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Guoxun Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - You-Qing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hong Hua
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Howard S. Fox
- Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Leid Transplant Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nora E. Sarvetnick
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Surgery, Leid Transplant Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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9
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Pan JJ, Oh SH, Lee WC, Petersen BE. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells could modulate pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis via peritumoral microenvironment in a rat model. Oncol Res 2009; 17:339-45. [PMID: 19544970 DOI: 10.3727/096504009788428424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaplastic tubular complexes (MTC) have been proposed as precursor lesions for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we investigated the potential role of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells (BMPC) in the formation of MTC and PDAC in a rat model. F344 rats defective for CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DPPIV) expression were sublethally irradiated and received rescue bone marrow cells from wild-type F344 rats that express CD26. After confirming engraftment, recipient animals received dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) implantation in their pancreas. Animals were sacrificed monthly from 3 to 7 months. We observed both MTC and tumors in animals that received DMBA. These MTC were ductal complexes because they stained positive for cytokeratin but were negative for chymotrypsin and chromogranin A. Cells that expressed both CD26 and cytokeratin were rarely observed in the MTC. Cells expressing either both CD26 and CD45 or CD26 and smooth muscle actin were also found near the MTC. However, no CD26 signal was detected in the tumors. Within this model, there appeared to be no evidence supporting that BMPC turned into tumor cells directly. BMPC could modulate pancreatic cancer growth through tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jung Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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10
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Pan JJ, Oh SH, Lee WC, Petersen BE. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells could modulate pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis via peritumoral microenvironment in a rat model. Oncol Res 2009. [PMID: 19544970 DOI: 10.3727/09650400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaplastic tubular complexes (MTC) have been proposed as precursor lesions for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we investigated the potential role of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells (BMPC) in the formation of MTC and PDAC in a rat model. F344 rats defective for CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DPPIV) expression were sublethally irradiated and received rescue bone marrow cells from wild-type F344 rats that express CD26. After confirming engraftment, recipient animals received dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) implantation in their pancreas. Animals were sacrificed monthly from 3 to 7 months. We observed both MTC and tumors in animals that received DMBA. These MTC were ductal complexes because they stained positive for cytokeratin but were negative for chymotrypsin and chromogranin A. Cells that expressed both CD26 and cytokeratin were rarely observed in the MTC. Cells expressing either both CD26 and CD45 or CD26 and smooth muscle actin were also found near the MTC. However, no CD26 signal was detected in the tumors. Within this model, there appeared to be no evidence supporting that BMPC turned into tumor cells directly. BMPC could modulate pancreatic cancer growth through tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jung Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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11
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The beneficial effects of pentoxifylline on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:555-63. [PMID: 18688721 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of pentoxifylline on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) by detecting oxidative stress markers and performing histopathological examination. Twenty-one adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as follows: control, caerulein, and caerulein + pentoxifylline groups. Pancreatic tissues of rats from all groups were removed for light and electron microscopic examination and determination of oxidative stress markers. Pancreatic oxidative stress markers were evaluated by the measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total glutathione (GSH). Serum amylase and lipase levels were determined spectrophotometrically. The pancreatic damage score was significantly increased (P < 0.005) in the caerulein group, whereas it was decreased (P < 0.05) in the caerulein+ with pentoxifylline group. MDA levels, CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH activities were significantly altered (P < 0.05, P < 0.005) in the caerulein group and indicated increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress markers were normalized with pentoxifylline administration. Caerulein administration resulted in significant increase (P < 0.05) in amylase and lipase levels; pentoxifylline reduced the levels of these enzymes. Pentoxifylline is potentially capable of limiting pancreatic damage produced during AP by restoring the fine structure of acinar cells and tissue antioxidant enzyme activities. We concluded that pentoxifylline may have beneficial effects in the treatment of caerulein-induced AP.
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12
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Takahashi S, Yoshimura Y, Yamamoto T, Wakita M. Cellular expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in atrophic submandibular glands of rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2008; 89:303-8. [PMID: 18808524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In submandibular gland atrophy, most acinar cells disappear by apoptosis, while many duct cells remain. The present study aimed to establish whether Bcl-2 and Bax, members of the Bcl-2 gene family, regulating the signalling pathway of apoptosis were involved in duct cell survival and acinar cell death in atrophic submandibular glands. The excretory duct of rat submandibular gland was doubly ligated with metal clips from 1 to 14 days to induce atrophy to the gland. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in the atrophic submandibular gland were examined using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemically, Bcl-2 expression was identified in duct cells in the experimental glands at all time points. Some acinar cells showed Bax positivity 1 day after excretory duct ligation, and there were more Bax-positive acinar cells on days 3 and 5 when many apoptotic acinar cells were observed. Analysis by RT-PCR showed that the expression of mRNA for Bcl-2 became stronger as the glandular atrophy progressed and that Bax mRNA strongly expressed on days 1 and 3. These observations suggest that Bcl-2 inhibits duct cell apoptosis and Bax promotes apoptosis of acinar cells during atrophy of submandibular glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Takahashi
- Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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13
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14
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Strobel O, Dor Y, Alsina J, Stirman A, Lauwers G, Trainor A, Fernández-del Castillo C, Warshaw AL, Thayer SP. In vivo lineage tracing defines the role of acinar-to-ductal transdifferentiation in inflammatory ductal metaplasia. Gastroenterology 2007; 133:1999-2009. [PMID: 18054571 PMCID: PMC2254582 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic injury results in regeneration of normal pancreatic tissue and formation of a metaplasia of ductal phenotype. Metaplastic ductal lesions are seen in pancreatitis as well as in specimens of pancreatic cancer and are thought to represent a condition with increased risk of neoplasia. Acinar-to-ductal transdifferentiation is thought to be the source of this metaplasia. This has been suggested for flat duct-like lesions called tubular complexes and for lesions exhibiting a mucinous metaplasia. However, available studies are based on interpretation of static data rather than on direct evidence. Transdifferentiation from acinar to ductal cells has never been confirmed in the adult pancreas. METHODS Here, we use Cre-loxP-based genetic lineage tracing in vivo to investigate whether transdifferentiation of acinar cells contributes to regeneration and metaplasia in pancreatitis. RESULTS The results show that transdifferentiation does not play a role in regeneration of normal tissue. Acinar cells are regenerated by preexisting acinar cells and not from other cell types. Three different types of metaplastic ductal lesions are observed and analyzed. Whereas the majority of metaplastic lesions are not of acinar origin, acinar-to-ductal transdifferentiation is identified in a minority of mucinous metaplastic lesions. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide direct evidence that acinar-to-ductal transdifferentiation occurs in the adult pancreas in vivo. However, it accounts for only a minority of metaplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Strobel
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA,Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuval Dor
- The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Janivette Alsina
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Stirman
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Lauwers
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Trainor
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew L. Warshaw
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah P. Thayer
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Iida K, Li Y, McGrath BC, Frank A, Cavener DR. PERK eIF2 alpha kinase is required to regulate the viability of the exocrine pancreas in mice. BMC Cell Biol 2007; 8:38. [PMID: 17727724 PMCID: PMC2072952 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-8-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deficiency of the PERK eIF2α kinase in humans and mice results in postnatal exocrine pancreatic atrophy as well as severe growth and metabolic anomalies in other organs and tissues. To determine if the exocrine pancreatic atrophy is due to a cell-autonomous defect, the Perk gene was specifically ablated in acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas in mice. Results We show that expression of PERK in the acinar cells is required to maintain their viability but is not required for normal protein synthesis and secretion. Exocrine pancreatic atrophy in PERK-deficient mice was previously attributed to uncontrolled ER-stress followed by apoptotic cell death based on studies in cultured fibroblasts. However, we have found no evidence for perturbations in the endoplasmic reticulum or ER-stress and show that acinar cells succumb to a non-apoptotic form of cell death, oncosis, which is associated with a pronounced inflammatory response and induction of the pancreatitis stress response genes. We also show that mice carrying a knockout mutation of PERK's downstream target, ATF4, exhibit pancreatic deficiency caused by developmental defects and that mice ablated for ATF4's transcriptional target CHOP have a normal exocrine pancreas. Conclusion We conclude that PERK modulates secretory capacity of the exocrine pancreas by regulating cell viability of acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Iida
- Department of History of Science and Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Barbara C McGrath
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ami Frank
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Douglas R Cavener
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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16
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Loftus SK, Cannons JL, Incao A, Pak E, Chen A, Zerfas PM, Bryant MA, Biesecker LG, Schwartzberg PL, Pavan WJ. Acinar cell apoptosis in Serpini2-deficient mice models pancreatic insufficiency. PLoS Genet 2006; 1:e38. [PMID: 16184191 PMCID: PMC1231717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic insufficiency (PI) when left untreated results in a state of malnutrition due to an inability to absorb nutrients. Frequently, PI is diagnosed as part of a larger clinical presentation in cystic fibrosis or Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. In this study, a mouse model for isolated exocrine PI was identified in a mouse line generated by a transgene insertion. The trait is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, and homozygous animals are growth retarded, have abnormal immunity, and have reduced life span. Mice with the disease locus, named pequeño (pq), exhibit progressive apoptosis of pancreatic acinar cells with severe exocrine acinar cell loss by 8 wk of age, while the islets and ductal tissue persist. The mutation in pq/pq mice results from a random transgene insertion. Molecular characterization of the transgene insertion site by fluorescent in situ hybridization and genomic deletion mapping identified an approximately 210-kb deletion on Chromosome 3, deleting two genes. One of these genes, Serpini2, encodes a protein that is a member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors. Reintroduction of only the Serpini2 gene by bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic complementation corrected the acinar cell defect as well as body weight and immune phenotypes, showing that deletion of Serpini2 causes the pequeño phenotype. Dietary supplementation of pancreatic enzymes also corrected body size, body weight, and immunodeficiency, and increased the life span of Serpini2-deficient mice, despite continued acinar cell loss. To our knowledge, this study describes the first characterized genetic animal model for isolated PI. Genetic complementation of the transgene insertion mutant demonstrates that Serpini2 deficiency directly results in the acinar cell apoptosis, malabsorption, and malnutrition observed in pq/pq mice. The rescue of growth retardation, immunodeficiency, and mortality by either Serpini2 bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic expression or by pancreatic enzyme supplementation demonstrates that these phenotypes are secondary to malnutrition in pq/pq mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie K Loftus
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Recent success in transplantation of islets raises the hopes of diabetic patients that replacement therapies may be a feasible treatment of their disease. Although several lines of evidence suggest that stem cells exist in the pancreas, it is still technically hard for us to isolate or maintain the stem cells in vitro. The establishment of human embryonic stem (ES) cells has excited scientists regarding their potential medical use in tissue replacement therapy. When applied with appropriate signals, ES cells can be directed to differentiate into a specific cell lineage. Therefore, ES cells are no doubt an excellent source not only for regenerative medicine but also for studies of early events of pancreatic development, and to portray the pancreatic progenitor cells. Despite many attempts that have been tried, the efficiency of differentiation of ES cells into islets is still very low. This low efficiency reflects our lack of understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic signals which regulate the developmental processes of the pancreas. In this review, I present a summary of recent works on ES cells, the identification of pancreatic progenitor cells from the adult pancreas, and refer to the possibilities of transdifferentiation from adult stem cells derived from other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoen Kume
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
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18
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Abstract
There is currently much interest in the possibility to treat chronic diseases by cell replacement or regenerative therapies. Most of these studies focus on the manipulation of undifferentiated stem cells. However, tissue repair and regeneration can also be achieved by differentiated cells, which, in certain conditions, can even transdifferentiate to other cell types. Such transdifferentiations can lead to tissue metaplasia. The pancreas is an organ wherein metaplasia has been well investigated and for which experimental models have been recently developed allowing to unravel the molecular basis of transdifferentiation. Pancreatic metaplasias studied so far include the conversion of exocrine acinar cells to duct cells, exocrine cells to endocrine islet cells, endocrine cells to duct cells, and acinar cells to hepatocytes. Epitheliomesenchymal transitions have also been described. The available evidence indicates that mature cells can be reprogrammed by specific environmental cues inducing the expression of cell type-specific transcription factors. For example, the glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone induces pancreatic transdifferentiation to hepatocytes, whereas the combination of epidermal growth factor and leukemia-inhibitory factor induces exocrine-endocrine transdifferentiation in vitro. Further unravelling of the involved signal transduction pathways, transcription factor networks, and chromatin modifications is required to manipulate metaplasia at will and to apply it in tissue repair or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Lardon
- Cell Differentiation Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Free University of Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Wang GS, Rosenberg L, Scott FW. Tubular complexes as a source for islet neogenesis in the pancreas of diabetes-prone BB rats. J Transl Med 2005; 85:675-88. [PMID: 15765120 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubular complexes (TC) in the pancreas contain duct-like structures with low cuboidal or flattened cells surrounding a large lumen and are thought to be a response to pancreatic injury. TC have been studied in animal models of chemical or surgically induced pancreatic damage but their occurrence has not been reported in rodent models of spontaneous autoimmune type I diabetes. We hypothesized that TC would be increased during the active phase of islet destruction in autoimmune diabetes and could contain islet progenitor cells. We analyzed TC in pancreas of Wistar Furth (WF), control (BBc) and diabetes-prone BioBreeding (BBdp) rats using immunohistochemistry and morphometry. TC were observed in all rat strains during active pancreas remodeling ( approximately 13 days). They increased between 60 and 93 days only in BBdp rats coincident with the increase in diabetes cases. Most TC were infiltrated with CD3(+) T-cells. Duct-like cells in the TC had low expression of the exocrine marker amylase, increased expression of epithelial cell markers, keratin and vimentin, and remarkably high cell proliferation and cell death. TC islets contained cells stained positive for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, as well as PDX-1, chromogranin, and hepatocyte-derived growth factor receptor, c-met. Transitional cells that were keratin(+)/insulin(+) and keratin(+)/amylase(+) cells were present in TC. The stem cell marker, nestin was upregulated in the TC region. Duct-like cells in TC of BBdp rats expressed markers of committed endocrine precursors: PDX-1, neurogenin 3 and protein gene product 9.5. This study demonstrates that TC are upregulated during beta-cell destruction and contain potential endocrine progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Sheng Wang
- The Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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20
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Kitamura T, Asanuma N, Inaba M, Otsuki M, Kasayama S, Kouhara H, Kawase I. Regeneration of tubular complex is promoted by a free space. Pancreas 2005; 30:174-9. [PMID: 15714140 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000150110.45017.fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regeneration of the pancreas is initiated by the tubular complexes that consist of a cluster of epithelia surrounded by the mesenchymal cells. They have the potential to become pancreatic lobes, but their growth stops before the complete regeneration of the organ. To elucidate the possibility that we could promote the regeneration of the pancreas, the potential for growth or differentiation of tubular complex was analyzed. METHODS The intact lobes were growing around the silk knot after ligation of the pancreas in adult mice. To develop this reaction to a quantitative assay, tubular complexes were induced on the silk strings in the pancreas and were growing into a free space under the silicon cover. The proliferation and differentiation of new lobes with or without the space were analyzed. RESULTS The number of tubular complexes, which express PDX-1, was increased 5.4 times by the space effect. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index of acinar cells was 1.7 times stimulated, but that of tubular complex was not changed. The amputated pancreas recovered 49.5% of the resected part under the silicon cover; however, it remained the same weight without the cover. CONCLUSION The proliferation and differentiation of tubular complex are promoted by a free space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kitamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Jensen JN, Cameron E, Garay MVR, Starkey TW, Gianani R, Jensen J. Recapitulation of elements of embryonic development in adult mouse pancreatic regeneration. Gastroenterology 2005; 128:728-41. [PMID: 15765408 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mammalian pancreas has a strong regenerative potential, but the origin of organ restoration is not clear, and it is not known to what degree such a process reflects pancreatic development. To define cell differentiation changes associated with pancreatic regeneration in adult mice, we compared regeneration following caerulein-induced pancreatitis to that of normal pancreatic development. METHODS By performing comparative histology for adult and embryonic pancreatic markers in caerulein-treated and control pancreas, we addressed cellular proliferation and differentiation (amylase, DBA-agglutinin, insulin, glucagon, beta-catenin, E-cadherin, Pdx1, Nkx6.1, Notch1, Notch2, Jagged1, Jagged2, Hes1), hereby describing the kinetics of tissue restoration. RESULTS We demonstrate that surviving pancreatic exocrine cells repress the terminal exocrine gene program and induce genes normally associated with undifferentiated pancreatic progenitor cells such as Pdx1, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and Notch components, including Notch1 , Notch2 , and Jagged2 . Expression of the Notch target gene Hes1 provides evidence that Notch signaling is reactivated in dedifferentiated pancreatic cells. Although previous studies have suggested a process of acino-to-ductal transdifferentiation in pancreatic regeneration, we find no evidence to suggest that dedifferentiated cells acquire a ductal fate during this process. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic regeneration following chemically induced pancreatitis in the mouse occurs predominantly through acinar cell dedifferentiation, whereby a genetic program resembling embryonic pancreatic precursors is reinstated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nygaard Jensen
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, U. Colorado, HSC, 4200 E. 9th Avenue, B140, Denver, Colorado 80262 USA.
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22
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Tokoro T, Tezel E, Nagasaka T, Kaneko T, Nakao A. Differentiation of acinar cells into acinoductular cells in regenerating rat pancreas. Pancreatology 2003; 3:487-96. [PMID: 14673200 DOI: 10.1159/000075580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2002] [Accepted: 07/18/2003] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Several lines of experimental data suggest that acinar cells have the potential to differentiate into ductular-like cells, and these newly formed acinoductular cells may act as (facultative) stem cells. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis in a model of pancreatic regeneration in rats. METHODS In the current study, using a 90% pancreatectomy as a rat model for pancreatic regeneration, we serially examined the pancreatic tissues in a time-dependent manner by conventional histology and immunostaining. Cell proliferation was assessed by in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. RESULTS By 24 h after surgery, acini showed depleted granules with more dilated lumens (acinar ectasia). By day 2, focal regions of regeneration appeared which were separated by fibrosis and composed of ductular-like cells (tubular complexes) and acinar cells with dilated lumina. Double immunofluorescent staining revealed that both amylase and CK19 were positive in the same cells localized to the focus of regeneration from the animals on day 2, the phenotype of cells from those regions apparently reverted to acinar cells, and the regions completely disappeared by day 7. By 48 h after surgery, the number of BrdU-positive cells increased 4.3-fold in ductular cells, and 2.5-fold in acinar cells compared with control tissue. CONCLUSION Acinar cells through acinoductular metaplasia may be a source of pancreatic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Tokoro
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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23
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Tashiro M, Nakamura H, Taguchi M, Yoshikawa H, Otsuki M. Expression of survivin after acute necrohemorrhagic pancreatitis in rats. Pancreas 2003; 26:160-5. [PMID: 12604914 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200303000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Survivin is one of the inhibitors of the apoptosis family and has dual effects: antiapoptotic effect and regulation of the cell cycle. AIM To show involvement of survivin in acute pancreatitis. METHODOLOGY Acute necrohemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in male Wistar rats by intraductal infusion of 4% sodium taurocholate. RESULTS By northern blotting, the survivin mRNA level was significantly increased at 36 hours and peaked at 48 hours after induction of acute pancreatitis. Survivin protein was found in cytoplasm of ductal cells by immunohistochemical analysis at 48-72 hours. It was also observed in nuclei of both acinar and ductal cells as well as infiltrating cells. Apoptotic cells were observed in pancreatic acinar cells. Survivin protein partially colocalized with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in some nuclei of ductal cells. CONCLUSIONS We showed involvement of survivin in acute pancreatitis in rats. Survivin may have some roles in the regulation of pancreatic regeneration and proliferation as well as an antiapoptotic effect after acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Tashiro
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
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24
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Rau B, Paszkowski A, Lillich S, Baumgart K, Möller P, Beger HG. Differential effects of caspase-1/interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme on acinar cell necrosis and apoptosis in severe acute experimental pancreatitis. J Transl Med 2001; 81:1001-13. [PMID: 11454989 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is recent experimental evidence that inhibition of caspase-1/interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) significantly ameliorates overall severity and survival in severe acute experimental pancreatitis. However, little is known about the effects of this approach on the dynamics and mechanisms of local acinar cell damage, which we aimed to investigate in the present study. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was induced by retrograde infusion of 4% sodium taurocholate in rats treated with isotonic saline or a highly selective, irreversible inhibitor of ICE. After 3, 6, and 24 hours, 3 and 7 days, acinar cell death by necrosis and apoptosis, as well as intrapancreatic and systemic interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression, was assessed. Treatment with the ICE inhibitor significantly reduced the extent of acinar cell necrosis accounting for major parenchymal destruction. In contrast, apoptosis was confined to the postacute course of the disease and was closely related to tubular complex formation, both remaining unchanged. Whereas intrapancreatic IL-1beta mRNA expression was highly up-regulated in both treated and untreated animals, active IL-1beta protein expression and subsequent neutrophil tissue infiltration was dramatically decreased in the ICE-inhibited group. Parallel to the onset of enhanced apoptotic acinar cell death and tubular complex formation, TNF-alpha mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated, with levels being lower in ICE inhibitor-treated rats. We conclude that activation of caspase-1/ICE plays a central role in the progression of acinar cell death by necrosis in SAP. Herein, IL-1beta-mediated neutrophil infiltration seems to be a crucial step in enhanced cellular destruction. In contrast, acinar cell apoptosis contributes to ductal transformation and is independent of this mechanism, but may be influenced by TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rau
- Department of General Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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25
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Takahashi S, Nakamura S, Suzuki R, Islam N, Domon T, Yamamoto T, Wakita M. Apoptosis and mitosis of parenchymal cells in the duct-ligated rat submandibular gland. Tissue Cell 2000; 32:457-63. [PMID: 11197228 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(00)80002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and proliferation of parenchymal cells during atrophy of rat submandibular gland induced by double duct ligation were investigated using immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labelling (TUNEL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At 2 and 3 days after ligation, increased PCNA positive cells and mitoses were seen in ducts; thereafter PCNA positive cells decreased in number. At 3 and 4 days, the acinar cell population rapidly decreased, with many remaining TUNEL positive acinar cells. During this period, TEM showed typical apoptotic acinar cells that were phagocytosed by adjacent acinar cells or intraepithelial macrophages. After 7 days, most acinar cells had disappeared, leaving prominent residual ducts; a few acinar cells remained, especially at the lobule periphery. Submandibular gland duct ligation thus induced marked depletion of acinar cell by apoptosis and a concurrent short-lived cycle of duct cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dentistry, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0813, Japan.
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