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Domínguez-Maqueda M, García-Márquez J, Tapia-Paniagua ST, González-Fernández C, Cuesta A, Espinosa-Ruíz C, Esteban MÁ, Alarcón FJ, Balebona MC, Moriñigo MÁ. Evaluation of the Differential Postbiotic Potential of Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 Cultured in Several Growing Conditions. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:1-18. [PMID: 38153608 PMCID: PMC10869407 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The increased knowledge of functional foods has led to the development of a new generation of health products, including those containing probiotics and products derived from them. Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 (SpPdp11) is a strain described as a probiotic that exerts important beneficial effects on several farmed fish. However, the use of live probiotic cells in aquaculture has limitations such as uncertain survival and shelf life, which can limit their efficacy. In addition, its efficacy can vary across species and hosts. When probiotics are administered orally, their activity can be affected by the environment present in the host and by interactions with the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, live cells can also produce undesired substances that may negatively impact the host as well as the risk of potential virulence reversion acquired such as antibiotic resistance. Therefore, new alternatives emerged such as postbiotics. Currently, there is no knowledge about the postbiotic potential of SpPdp11 in the aquaculture industry. Postbiotic refers to the use of bacterial metabolites, including extracellular products (ECPs), to improve host physiology. However, the production of postbiotic metabolites can be affected by various factors such as cultivation conditions, which can affect bacterial metabolism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the postbiotic potential of ECPs from SpPdp11 under different cultivation conditions, including culture media, temperature, growth phase, and salinity. We analyzed their hydrolytic, antibacterial, antiviral, and cytotoxic capacity on several fish cell lines. The results obtained have demonstrated how each ECP condition can exert a different hydrolytic profile, reduce the biofilm formation by bacterial pathogens relevant to fish, lower the titer of nervous necrosis virus (NNV), and exert a cytotoxic effect on different fish cell lines. In conclusion, the ECPs obtained from SpPdp11 have different capacities depending on the cultivation conditions used. These conditions must be considered in order to recover the maximum number of beneficial capacities or to choose the appropriate conditions for specific activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domínguez-Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Márquez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Silvana T Tapia-Paniagua
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruíz
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - María Carmen Balebona
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Magalhães R, Martins N, Fontinha F, Olsen RE, Serra CR, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A. Dietary ARA, DHA, and Carbohydrate Ratios Affect the Immune Status of Gilthead Sea Bream Juveniles upon Bacterial Challenge. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1770. [PMID: 37889635 PMCID: PMC10251966 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios and CHO content in the immune response of gilthead seabream. For that purpose, gilthead sea bream juveniles (initial body weight = 47.5 g) were fed for 84 days with four isoproteic (47% crude protein) and isolipidic (18% crude lipids) diets with high (20%) or low (5%) level of gelatinized starch (HS or LS diets, respectively) and included approximately 2.4% ARA or DHA. At the end of the trial, the DHA-enriched groups presented increased red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, plasmatic nitric oxide (NO) content, and antiprotease and alternative complement activities. The ARA groups had increased thrombocyte count, and plasmatic bactericidal activity against Vibrio anguillarum was lower in the fish fed the ARA/LS diet. After the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of killed Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) and sampled at 4 and 24 h after the challenge. At 4 h after i.p., the ARA groups presented increased plasma total immunoglobulins (Ig) and bactericidal activity against V. anguillarum. In addition, the fish fed the ARA/LS diet presented lower white blood cell (WBC) and alternative complement activity. At 24 h after i.p., the ARA groups presented increased RBC, WBC, and thrombocyte numbers, total IG, plasma peroxidase activity, and casp3 expression in the distal intestine. The HS groups presented increased plasma NO content and bactericidal activity against Phdp and decreased protease, antiprotease activity, and bactericidal activity against V. anguillarum. In conclusion, high dietary DHA levels seemed to improve the immune status of unchallenged gilthead sea bream juveniles, while high dietary ARA levels improved the fish immune response to a bacterial challenge. The energy provided by dietary starch seems to be important to promote a fast response by the fish immune system after a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Magalhães
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicole Martins
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Fontinha
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rolf Erick Olsen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Reis Serra
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Monteiro M, Perdiguero P, Couto A, Serra CR, Pereiro P, Novoa B, Figueras A, Ribeiro L, Pousão-Ferreira P, Tafalla C, Oliva-Teles A, Enes P, Secombes CJ, Díaz-Rosales P. Comprehensive transcriptome profiling and functional analysis of the meagre (Argyrosomus regius) immune system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:506-520. [PMID: 35351613 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) belongs to the family Sciaenidae and is a promising candidate for Mediterranean aquaculture diversification. As a relatively recent species in aquaculture, the physiological consequences of the immune system activation in meagre are understudied. Spleen, as a primary lymphoid organ has an essential role in meagre immune and inflammatory responses. In this study, we have evaluated the in vivo effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the spleen transcriptome of meagre by RNA-seq analysis at 4 and 24 h after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monteiro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - P Perdiguero
- Inmunología y Patología de Peces, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, INIA-CSIC), Carretera de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130 Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Couto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - C R Serra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Pereiro
- Inmunología y Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - B Novoa
- Inmunología y Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - A Figueras
- Inmunología y Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - L Ribeiro
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere / EPPO - Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa, s/n 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - P Pousão-Ferreira
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere / EPPO - Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa, s/n 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - C Tafalla
- Inmunología y Patología de Peces, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, INIA-CSIC), Carretera de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130 Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Enes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - C J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, AB24 2TZ Aberdeen, UK
| | - P Díaz-Rosales
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Inmunología y Patología de Peces, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, INIA-CSIC), Carretera de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130 Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain.
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Bacillus spp. Inhibit Edwardsiella tarda Quorum-Sensing and Fish Infection. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110602. [PMID: 34822473 PMCID: PMC8623655 DOI: 10.3390/md19110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The disruption of pathogen communication or quorum-sensing (QS) via quorum-quenching (QQ) molecules has been proposed as a promising strategy to fight bacterial infections. Bacillus spp. have recognizable biotechnology applications, namely as probiotic health-promoting agents or as a source of natural antimicrobial molecules, including QQ molecules. This study characterized the QQ potential of 200 Bacillus spp., isolated from the gut of different aquaculture fish species, to suppress fish pathogens QS. Approximately 12% of the tested Bacillus spp. fish isolates (FI). were able to interfere with synthetic QS molecules. Ten isolates were further selected as producers of extracellular QQ-molecules and their QQ capacity was evaluated against the QS of important aquaculture bacterial pathogens, namely Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., Photobacterium damselae, Edwardsiela tarda, and Shigella sonnei. The results revealed that A. veronii and E. tarda produce QS molecules that are detectable by the Chr. violaceum biosensor, and which were degraded when exposed to the extracellular extracts of three FI isolates. Moreover, the same isolates, identified as B. subtilis, B. vezelensis, and B. pumilus, significantly reduced the pathogenicity of E. tarda in zebrafish larvae, increasing its survival by 50%. Taken together, these results identified three Bacillus spp. capable of extracellularly quenching aquaculture pathogen communication, and thus become a promising source of bioactive molecules for use in the biocontrol of aquaculture bacterial diseases.
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Ponce M, Zuasti E, Reales E, Anguís V, Fernández-Díaz C. Evaluation of an oral DNA nanovaccine against photobacteriosis in Solea senegalensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:157-168. [PMID: 34358703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are one of the main causes of social and economical losses in world aquaculture. Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is an important species for aquaculture in southern Europe, whose production is affected by the appearance of bacterial diseases such as photobacteriosis, a septicemia caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp). The aim of this study was to obtain an oral DNA nanovaccine and to evaluate its efficacy against Phdp in S. senegalensis juveniles. For this purpose, the amplified product corresponding to the protein inosine-5'-monophophate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) from Phdp, was cloned into the expression vector pcDNA™6.2/C-EmGFP-GW obtaining the DNA vaccine named as pPDPimpdh. The correct transcription and protein expression was verified at 48 h post tansfection in HEK293 cells. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-TPP NPs) were prepared by ionotropic gelation and their features were appropriate for use as oral delivery system. Therefore, pPDPimpdh was protected with chitosan CS-TPP NPs throughout complex coacervation method giving as a result a DNA nanovaccine referred as CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs. Sole juveniles were vaccinated orally with CS-TPP NPs, pPDPimpdh and CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs followed by a challenge with Phdp at 30 days post vaccination (dpv). The relative percentage survival (RPS) for pPDPimpdh vaccinated groups was 6.25%, probably due to its degradation in the digestive tract. RPS value obtained for CS-TPP NPs and CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs was 40% and antibodies were observed in both cases. However, a delay in mortality was observed in sole juveniles vaccinated orally with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs. In fact, an upregulation of tf, mhcII, cd8a and igm in the posterior gut and c3, hamp1, tf and cd4 in spleen was observed in juveniles vaccinated with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs. After challenge, a modulation of cd8a and cd4 expression levels in the posterior gut and c3, tf, lyg, cd4, igm and igt expression levels in spleen was observed. Moreover, the concentration of lysozyme in skin mucus significantly increased in fish vaccinated orally with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs at 11 dpc. These data indicate that oral vaccination with CS-TPP+pPDPimpdh NPs could be acting through the non-specific immune responses as well as the specific humoral and cell mediated immunity and provide the first step toward a development of an oral DNA nanovaccine against Phdp in sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Ponce
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Zuasti
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Elena Reales
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Cadiz, and Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Victoria Anguís
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Catalina Fernández-Díaz
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño. Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
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Monteiro M, Lavrador AS, Santos R, Rangel F, Iglesias P, Tárraga M, Couto A, Serra CR, Tafalla C, Da Costa E, Domingues MR, Oliva-Teles A, Carvalho AP, Enes P, Díaz-Rosales P. Evaluation of the Potential of Marine Algae Extracts as a Source of Functional Ingredients Using Zebrafish as Animal Model for Aquaculture. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:529-545. [PMID: 34189658 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on immunotherapeutic agents has become a focus for the treatment of fish diseases. The ability of algae to produce secondary metabolites of potential interest as immunotherapeutics has been documented. The present research intended to assess antiviral and antibacterial activities of macro- and microalgae extracts against viral and bacterial pathogens and explore their immunomodulatory potential using zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as a model organism. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of eight methanolic and ethanolic extracts from two macroalgae (Fucus vesiculosus, Ulva rigida) and two microalgae (Nannochloropsis gaditana, Chlorella sp.) were analyzed in established fish cell lines. Six extracts were selected to evaluate antibacterial activity by disk diffusion and growth inhibition assays. The three most promising extracts were characterized in terms of fatty acid composition, incorporated at 1% into a plant-based diet, and evaluated their effect on zebrafish immune response and intestinal morphology in a short-term feeding trial. All extracts exhibited in vitro antiviral activity against viral hemorrhagic septicemia and/or infectious pancreatic necrosis viruses. Methanolic extracts from F. vesiculosus and U. rigida were richer in saturated fatty acids and exhibited in vitro antibacterial action against several bacteria. Most promising results were obtained in vivo with F. vesiculosus methanol extract, which exerted an anti-inflammatory action when incorporated alone into diets and induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, when combined with the other extracts. Moreover, dietary inclusion of the extracts improved intestinal morphology. In summary, the results obtained in this study support the potential of algae as natural sources of bioactive compounds for the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monteiro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A S Lavrador
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - R Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Rangel
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Iglesias
- , Parque Industrial Base 2000, Lorquí, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Tárraga
- , Parque Industrial Base 2000, Lorquí, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Couto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - C R Serra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - C Tafalla
- Inmunología Y Patología de Peces, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, INIA), Carretera de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Da Costa
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M R Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - A P Carvalho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Enes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Díaz-Rosales
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Inmunología Y Patología de Peces, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, INIA), Carretera de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Madrid, Spain
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Santos RA, Oliva-Teles A, Pousão-Ferreira P, Jerusik R, Saavedra MJ, Enes P, Serra CR. Isolation and Characterization of Fish-Gut Bacillus spp. as Source of Natural Antimicrobial Compounds to Fight Aquaculture Bacterial Diseases. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:276-293. [PMID: 33544251 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is responsible for more than 50% of global seafood consumption. Bacterial diseases are a major constraint to this sector and associated with misuse of antibiotics, pose serious threats to public health. Fish-symbionts, co-inhabitants of fish pathogens, might be a promising source of natural antimicrobial compounds (NACs) alternative to antibiotics, limiting bacterial diseases occurrence in aquafarms. In particular, sporeforming Bacillus spp. are known for their probiotic potential and production of NACs antagonistic of bacterial pathogens and are abundant in aquaculture fish guts. Harnessing the fish-gut microbial community potential, 172 sporeforming strains producing NACs were isolated from economically important aquaculture fish species, namely European seabass, gilthead seabream, and white seabream. We demonstrated that they possess anti-growth, anti-biofilm, or anti-quorum-sensing activities, to control bacterial infections and 52% of these isolates effectively antagonized important fish pathogens, including Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, A. bivalvium, A. veronii, Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Photobacterium damselae, Tenacibaculum maritimum, Edwardsiela tarda, and Shigella sonnei. By in vitro quantification of sporeformers' capacity to suppress growth and biofilm formation of fish pathogens, and by assessing their potential to interfere with pathogens communication, we identified three promising candidates to become probiotics or source of bioactive molecules to be used in aquaculture against bacterial aquaculture diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela A Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação E Tecnologias Agroambientais E Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Instituto Português Do Mar E da Atmosfera (IPMA), Estação Piloto de Piscicultura de Olhão, Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Russell Jerusik
- Epicore Bionetworks Inc., 4 Lina Lane, NJ, 08060, Eastampton, USA
| | - Maria J Saavedra
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação E Tecnologias Agroambientais E Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, ECAV, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula Enes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Ponce M, Zuasti E, Anguís V, Fernández-Díaz C. Effects of the sulfated polysaccharide ulvan from Ulva ohnoi on the modulation of the immune response in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:27-40. [PMID: 32113938 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides derived from green seaweeds exhibit many beneficial biological activities and have great potential to be used as nutraceutical in aquaculture. In this work, we evaluated the effects of the sulfated polysaccharide ulvan from Ulva ohnoi on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles at the transcriptomic level. Cytotoxicity assay performed in liver primary cell cultures from sole determined that the different ulvan concentrations assayed did not impair cell viability. Juveniles were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with ulvan (0.5 mg/fish) followed by a challenge with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) at 7 days. RNASeq analyses at 2 days post injection (dpi) revealed that 402 transcripts were differentially expressed in liver between ulvan IP injected and control groups before the challenge. Genes related to bacterial and antiviral defence, complement system, chemokines, proteasomes and antigen presentation were upregulated in ulvan treated groups. A detailed expression analysis of sixteen genes related to innate and adaptive immune system was performed in two systemic tissues: liver and spleen. Ulvan injection provoked the upregulation of tlr22 and a transient inflammatory response was initiated in both liver and spleen at 2 dpi. As consequence, expression of acute phase proteins, antimicrobial peptides and complement genes was induced. Moreover, expression of mhcI, mhcII, psmb10 and bcl6 was also induced 2 dpi. At 2 dpi with Phdp, inflammatory cytokines and genes related to bacterial and antiviral defense, iron metabolism, complement system and antigen presentation were differentially modulated in survival juveniles previously IP injected with ulvan. Moreover, mortality was retarded in ulvan treated juveniles. These results provide new evidence about the role of ulvan as a bioactive compound with immunomodulatory activity in Senegalese sole as well as its possible use as vaccine adjuvant against Phdp. This is the first published study that evaluates the transcriptomic response of Senegalese sole IP injected with ulvan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Ponce
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Zuasti
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Victoria Anguís
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Catalina Fernández-Díaz
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
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9
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Transcription of IVIAT and Virulence Genes in Photobacterium damselae Subsp. piscicida Infecting Solea senegalensis. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030067. [PMID: 30002314 PMCID: PMC6163594 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) is responsible for disease outbreaks in marine aquaculture worldwide. Solea senegalensis, a valuable fish species for aquaculture in the south of Europe, is frequently affected by this pathogen. It is well established that bacteria respond to environmental signals and, in the case of pathogens, this ability may determine the outcome of their interaction with the host. Determination of gene expression under in vivo conditions constitutes a valuable tool in the assessment of microbial pathogenesis. Considering that different hosts may represent different environments for the pathogen, expression of Phdp virulence and in vivo induced antigen (IVIAT) genes during S. senegalensis infection has been determined in the present work. Increased transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in iron acquisition (Irp1, Irp2, HutB and HutD), oxidative stress defence (AhpC and Sod), adhesion (PDP_0080), toxins (AIP56) and metabolism (Impdh, Shmt and AlaRS) were detected in Phdp infecting S. senegalensis head kidney or liver. The highest increases corresponded to genes involved in survival under iron limiting conditions and oxidative stress, indicating their essential role during infection of sole. Results obtained give insight into Phdp virulence strategies and contribute to the identification of promising targets for the control of photobacteriosis.
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Núñez-Díaz JA, García de la Banda I, Lobo C, Moriñigo MA, Balebona MC. Transcription of immune related genes in Solea senegalensis vaccinated against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Identification of surrogates of protection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:455-465. [PMID: 28532666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solea senegalensis is a flatfish with a great potential for aquaculture, but infectious diseases restrict its production, being this fish species highly susceptible to Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) infections. A better understanding of the mechanisms related to fish immune response is crucial for the development of effective approaches in disease management. In the present work, transcriptional changes of immune related genes have been evaluated in farmed S. senegalensis specimens vaccinated against Phdp by intraperitoneal injection (IP) and immersion (IM). IP fish showed higher antibody levels and increased transcription of genes encoding lysozyme C1, complement factors involved in the classical pathway and components involved in the opsonization and the limitation of free iron availability, all of them facilitating the faster elimination of the pathogen and promoting higher RPS after the infection with Phdp. The results of this study seem to support a different intensity of the specimens immune response in the head kidney. Analysis of the immune response in 15 day post-challenged fish showed up-regulation of genes involved in all stages of S. senegalensis immune response, but especially those genes encoding proteins related to the innate response such as complement, lysozyme and iron homeostasis in the head kidney. On the other hand, liver transcription was higher for genes related to inflammation, apoptosis and cell mediated cytotoxicity (CMC). Furthermore, comparison of the differential response of S. senegalensis genes in vaccinated and unvaccinated fish to Phdp infection allowed the identification of a potential biosignature, consisting in 10 genes, as a surrogate of protection and therefore, as indicator of vaccine success against fotobacteriosis after IP vaccination. These results provide important insights into the S. senegalensis protection against Phdp induced by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Núñez-Díaz
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - I García de la Banda
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Santander, 39080 Santander, Spain
| | - C Lobo
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Santander, 39080 Santander, Spain
| | - M A Moriñigo
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M C Balebona
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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11
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Núñez-Díaz JA, Fumanal M, Viguera E, Moriñigo MA, Balebona MC. Use of in vivo induced technology to identify antigens expressed by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida during infection of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:446-456. [PMID: 28359946 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), the causative agent of photobacteriosis, is an important pathogen in marine aquaculture that affects many different fish species worldwide, including Solea senegalensis, an important fish species for aquaculture in the south of Europe. Bacteria express different repertoires of proteins in response to environmental conditions and when invading a host, sense in vivo environment and adapt by changing the expression of specific proteins. In the case of pathogens, identification of genes with up-regulated expression in vivo compared to in vitro conditions might give an insight into the genes relevant to the bacterial virulence. In the present work, in vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT) has been used to search for Phdp genes only expressed or up-regulated in infected S. senegalensis. An expression library from Phdp was assayed against pooled sera from convalescent S. senegalensis specimens and 18 clones were positive, indicating that proteins encoded are expressed by Phdp during S. senegalensis infection and are immunogenic for this fish species. In addition, five proteins were reactive against adsorbed sera, indicating their in vivo induced character. Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, serine hydroxy methyltransferase and alanyl-tRNA synthethase, involved in aminoacid and nucleotide metabolism, the protein with antioxidant activity alkyl hydroperoxide reductase and a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase responsible for the synthesis of the siderophore piscibactin have been identified as antigens induced in Phdp during S. senegalensis infection. Proteins induced during in vivo growth of Phdp represent promising targets for the development of novel antimicrobial or prophylactic agents in the treatment and prevention of photobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Núñez-Díaz
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Fumanal
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - E Viguera
- Universidad de Málaga, Área de Genética, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M A Moriñigo
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M C Balebona
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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12
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Guardiola FA, Cuartero M, Del Mar Collado-González M, Díaz Baños FG, Cuesta A, Moriñigo MÁ, Esteban MÁ. Terminal carbohydrates abundance, immune related enzymes, bactericidal activity and physico-chemical parameters of the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) skin mucus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:483-491. [PMID: 27836718 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, interest in mucosal surfaces, more specifically fish skin and its secreted mucus, has greatly increased among immunologists. The abundance of terminal carbohydrates, several enzymes (proteases, lysozyme, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, esterases and ceruloplasmin), bactericidal activity against fish pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and several physico-chemical parameters (protein concentration, pH, conductivity, redox potential, osmolarity, density and viscosity) in the skin mucus of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) have been evaluated. Present results evidence the abundance of N-acetylneuraminic acid, mannose, glucose and N-acetyl-galactosamine in skin mucus. The levels of lysozyme, proteases, esterases and alkaline phosphatase were very similar (from 20 to 30 Units mg-1 protein). However, 93 Units mg-1 protein were detected of ceruloplasmin and only 4'88 Units mg-1 protein of peroxidase. Skin mucus of S. senegalensis showed high bactericidal activity against the tested pathogen bacteria but weak activity against non-pathogenic bacteria. Finally, a clear relationship between mucus density and temperature was detected, while viscosity showed a direct shear- and temperature-dependent behaviour. These results could be useful for better understanding the role of the skin mucus as a key component of the innate immune system, as well as, for elucidating possible relationships between biological and physico-chemical parameters and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Guardiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Cuartero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Collado-González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - F Guillermo Díaz Baños
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Núñez-Díaz JA, Fumanal M, Mancera JM, Moriñigo MA, Balebona MC. Two routes of infection with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida are effective in the modulation of the transcription of immune related genes in Solea senegalensis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 179:8-17. [PMID: 27590420 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The marine fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) is responsible for important disease outbreaks affecting cultured fish species including the flatfish Solea senegalensis. In the present work, transcription of iron metabolism related genes (TF, FERR-M, HP-1 and HAMP-1) as well as innate immune system components such as complement proteins (C3 and C7), lysozyme (LYS-G), TNF family (TNFα, TRAF-3), NCCRP-1 and heat shock protein encoding genes (HSP70, HSP90AA, HSP90AB and GP96) has been determined in the liver and kidney of S. senegalensis specimens after Phdp infection. Intraperitoneal injection (IP) and immersion (IM) routes have been used for infection. Fish developed specific antibodies in both cases, higher levels being detected in IP infected specimens. Both infection routes resulted in increased relative transcript levels of FERR-M, HP-1 and HAMP-1 genes and TF decreased relative transcription, conducting to lower iron availability for the pathogen. This response can be considered as a strategy to limit iron availability for Phdp, a pathogen capable to obtain iron from transferrin. Relative transcription of genes encoding lysozyme and complement factors C3 and C7 were also increased regardless the infection route; the liver was the main organ involved in the initial stages and the kidney in later stages of the infection. TNFα and TRAF-3 relative gene transcription increased 24h post-infection. TRAF-3 gene induction was detected 30 d post-infection, whilst no changes in TNFα were observed 72h or 30 d post-infection. NCCRP-1 changes were observed after IP infection in the liver and kidney; however, IM infection resulted only in slight changes in the kidney of infected fish. This different response observed maybe related to a lower number of invaded cells by the pathogen. Finally, changes in HSP90AB and GP96 have been detected after infection by both routes. Different late modulation has been observed in assayed genes depending on the route of infection. Thus, only LYS-G, TF, NCCRP-1, GP96 and HSP90AB gene transcription was modulated 30 d post-infection in the kidney of IM infected specimens; however, IP infected fish showed modulation in a higher number of genes both in liver and kidney tissues. The implications of these responses in resistance to infection by Phdp need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Núñez-Díaz
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| | - M Fumanal
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - J M Mancera
- Universidad de Cádiz, Departamento de Biología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M A Moriñigo
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - M C Balebona
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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Cerezuela R, Guardiola FA, González P, Meseguer J, Esteban MÁ. Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis, Tetraselmis chuii, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, singularly or in combination, on the immune response and disease resistance of sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:342-349. [PMID: 22634255 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Combined or individual effects of two microalgae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Tetraselmis chuii) and Bacillus subtilis on immune response, gene expression, and survival to challenge with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida of gilthead sea bream were investigated. To test the capacity of B. subtilis to grow employing the microalgae polysaccharides as energy and carbon source, an in vitro assay was defined, and demonstrated that the digestion product of microalgae, mainly P. tricornutum, supported the growth of B. subtilis much better than glucose. For the in vivo study, fish were distributed in six equal groups (each of two replicates) and received one of the following experimental diets: C) control, non-supplemented diet; T) T. chuii 100 g kg(-1); P) P. tricornutum 100 g kg(-1); B) B. subtilis (10(7) cfu g(-1)); BT) B. subtilis (10(7) cfu g(-1))+T. chuii (100 g kg(-1)); and BP) B. subtilis (10(7) cfu g(-1))+P. tricornutum (100 g kg(-1)). The complement activity, serum IgM level, respiratory burst, phagocytic activity, and expression of seven selected immune-related genes in head-kidney were evaluated following two and four weeks of treatment. At the end of the feeding trial, fish were challenged by intraperitoneal injection of LD(50) concentration of P. damselae subsp. piscicida and mortality was recorded. This is the first study testing the immunomodulatory capacity of the microalgae used in the present work. The dietary applications of B. subtilis, T. chuii, and P. tricornutum, singly or in combination, may exhibit up-regulating effects on gilthead sea bream immune parameters. P. tricornutum demonstrated the highest immunostimulant activity. There were no significant differences between combination feeding and feeding ingredients separately. Our results demonstrated the potential of microalgae as immunostimulants for fish, although further studies regarding the implications and effects of a stimulated immune system against pathogens, especially the protective capacity against specific diseases, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Cerezuela
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, Murcia, Spain.
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15
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Cerezuela R, Guardiola FA, Meseguer J, Esteban MÁ. Increases in immune parameters by inulin and Bacillus subtilis dietary administration to gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) did not correlate with disease resistance to Photobacterium damselae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:1032-1040. [PMID: 22554575 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present work evaluates the effects of inulin and Bacillus subtilis, single or combined, on immune parameters, immune-related gene expression and protection against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Three trials were conducted. In the first trial, different concentrations of inulin (10, 15 and 30 g kg(-1)) (as a prebiotic) were administered to determine the optimal concentration for stimulating the seabream's immune system. In the second trial, the optimum concentration of inulin (10 g kg(-1)) was combined with B. subtilis (as a probiotic). Following two and four weeks of the treatment, the main immune parameters, as well as the expression of seven immune-related genes, were measured. In the final trial, fish fed the same diet as in the second trial were challenged intraperitoneally with P. damselae subsp. piscicida (10(9) cfu g(-1)). Treatment groups for the second and third trial were control (non-supplemented diet), inulin (10 g kg(-1)), B. subtilis (10(7) cfu g(-1)) and inulin + B. subtilis (10 g kg(-1) and 10(7) cfu g(-1) respectively). Dietary administration of inulin or B. subtilis for two weeks stimulated the serum complement activity and the IgM level, as well as leucocyte phagocytic activity; furthermore, inulin stimulated leucocyte respiratory burst activity. When inulin and B. subtilis were administered together (as a synbiotic), only the serum complement activity and the IgM level increased in a statistically significant manner. Furthermore, the complement activity showed a significant increase in fish fed the three experimental diets for four weeks. The challenge experiment showed that the fish fed inulin or the synbiotic diet had non-significantly lower or significantly higher cumulative mortality, respectively, compared with the control group (non-supplemented diet). These results suggest that inulin and B. subtilis modulate the immune response of the gilthead seabream, although the combined administration increases susceptibility to infection by P. damselae subsp. piscicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Cerezuela
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH, Mu X, Song L. An in vitro screening method to evaluate chemicals as potential chemotherapeutants to control Aeromonas hydrophila infection in channel catfish. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:114-24. [PMID: 21501349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop an in vitro screening method to be used for identifying potential effective chemotherapeutants to control Aeromonas hydrophila infections. METHODS AND RESULTS Using catfish gill cells G1B and four chemicals (hydrogen peroxide, sodium chloride, potassium permanganate and D-mannose), the feasibility of using an in vitro screening method to identify potential effective chemotherapeutants was evaluated in this study. In vitro screening results revealed that, at concentration of 100 mg l⁻¹, H₂O₂ was the only chemical tested that was able to completely abolish the attachment and invasion of Aer. hydrophila to catfish gill cells. In vivo virulence studies using live channel catfish through bath immersion confirmed that H₂O₂ was the only chemical tested that was able to significantly (P < 0·001) reduce the mortality (from 90 or 100% to 0 or 20%) caused by Aer. hydrophila infections. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro screening method using catfish gill cells G1B could be used to initially identify potential effective chemotherapeutants to control Aer. hydrophila. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY An in vitro screening method using catfish gill cells to identify potential effective chemotherapeutants described here will cut cost in research compared with the method of using live fish to screen lead compounds for fish disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Pridgeon
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Auburn, AL, USA.
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17
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Jung TS, Thompson KD, Volpatti D, Galeotti M, Adams A. In vivo morphological and antigenic characteristics of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. J Vet Sci 2008; 9:169-75. [PMID: 18487938 PMCID: PMC2839094 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the morphology and antigenicity of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida by culturing the bacterium in vivo in the peritoneal cavity of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) within dialysis bags with either a low molecular weight (LMW) cut-off of 25 kDa or a high molecular weight (HMW) cut-off of 300 kDa. Differences were observed in the growth rate between the bacteria cultured in vivo or in vitro. Bacteria cultured in vivo were smaller and produced a capsular layer, which was more prominent in bacteria cultured in the HMW bag. Antigenicity was examined by Western blot analysis using sera from sea bass injected with live Ph. d. subsp. piscicida. The sera recognised bands at 45 and 20 kDa in bacteria cultured in vivo in the LMW bag. Bacteria cultured in vivo in the HMW bag did not express the 45 kDa band when whole cell extracts were examined, although the antigen was present in their extracellular products. In addition, these bacteria had a band at 18 kDa rather than 20 kDa. Differences in glycoprotein were also evident between bacteria cultured in vitro and in vivo. Bacteria cultured in vitro in LMW and HMW bags displayed a single 26 kDa band. Bacteria cultured in the LMW bag in vivo displayed bands at 26 and 27 kDa, while bacteria cultured in vivo in the HMW bag possessed only the 27 kDa band. These bands may represent sialic acid. The significance of the changes observed in the bacterium's structure and antigenicity when cultured in vivo is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae S Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
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18
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Díaz-Rosales P, Chabrillón M, Abdala RT, Figueroa FL, Balebona MC, Moriñigo MA. Effect of dietary administration of Porphyridium cruentum on the respiratory burst activity of sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup), phagocytes. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:489-495. [PMID: 18577098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The stimulatory effect of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum on respiratory burst activity of sole phagocytes was evaluated in vivo. Oral administration of a diet supplemented with lyophilized P. cruentum cells (10 g kg(-1)) stimulated respiratory burst activity after 4 weeks feeding in sole vaccinated with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida bacterin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Díaz-Rosales
- Department of Microbiology, Group of Prophylaxis and Biocontrol of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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19
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Jung TS, Thompson KD, Volpatti D, Galeotti M, Adams A. Variation in the molecular weight of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida antigens when cultured under different conditions in vitro. J Vet Sci 2007; 8:255-61. [PMID: 17679772 PMCID: PMC2868132 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2007.8.3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigenicity of Photobacterium damselae (Ph. d.) subsp. piscicida, cultured in four different growth media [tryptone soya broth (TSB), glucose-rich medium (GRM), iron-depleted TSB (TSB + IR-), and iron-depleted GRM (GRM + IR-)] was compared by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis using sera obtained from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) raised against live or heat-killed Ph. d. subsp. piscicida. The antigenic expression of Ph. d. subsp. piscicida was found to differ depending on the culture medium used. A significantly higher antibody response was obtained with iron-depleted bacteria by ELISA compared with non-iron depleted bacteria obtained from the sera of sea bass raised against live Ph. d. subsp. piscicida. The sera from sea bass raised against live bacteria showed a band at 22 kDa in bacteria cultured in TSB + IR- or GRM+ IR- when bacteria that had been freshly isolated from fish were used for the screening, while bands at 24 and 47 kDa were observed with bacteria cultured in TSB or GRM. When bacteria were passaged several times on tryptic soya agar prior to culturing in the four different media, only bands at 24 and 47 kDa were recognized, regardless of the medium used to culture the bacteria. It would appear that the molecular weight of Ph. d. subsp. piscicida antigens change in the presence of iron restriction, and sera from sea bass infected with live bacteria are able to detect epitopes on the antigens after this shift in molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae S Jung
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
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20
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Díaz-Rosales P, Chabrillón M, Arijo S, Martinez-Manzanares E, Moriñigo MA, Balebona MC. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2006; 29:355-64. [PMID: 16768716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a set of Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida strains isolated from different fish species to produce different superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzymes was determined. Unlike other bacterial pathogens, P. damselae ssp. piscicida is not able to produce different isoforms of SOD or catalase containing different metal cofactors when cultured under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide or methyl viologen, or under iron depleted conditions. However, iron content of the growth medium influenced the levels of SOD and catalase activity in cells, these levels decreasing with iron availability of the medium. Comparison of virulent and non-virulent strains of P. damselae ssp. piscicida showed similar contents of SOD, but higher levels of catalase were detected in cells of the virulent strain. Incubation of bacteria with sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup), phagocytes has shown that survival rates range from 19% to 62%, these rates being higher for the virulent strain. The increased levels of catalase activity detected in the virulent strain indicates a possible role for this enzyme in bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Díaz-Rosales
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Malaga, Spain
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21
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Chabrillón M, Rico RM, Balebona MC, Moriñigo MA. Adhesion to sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup, mucus of microorganisms isolated from farmed fish, and their interaction with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2005; 28:229-237. [PMID: 15813865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Most studies carried out to select microorganisms as candidate probiotics have focused on in vitro antagonism tests, such as the production of inhibitory compounds against pathogenic microorganisms. However, attachment to mucous surfaces could be another criterion to be considered when selecting potential probiotics for aquaculture. Nineteen isolates obtained from farmed Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup, and gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L., have been evaluated for their capacity to adhere to skin and intestinal mucus of Senegalese sole, and their antagonistic effect against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, an important pathogen for farmed sole. The isolates from gilthead sea bream showed the highest percentage of adhesion to sole mucus, whilst the pathogenic microorganisms assayed and the isolates from sole showed, in general, a lower ability to adhere to sole mucus. The results suggest that the adhesion to fish mucus was more dependent on the isolate tested than on the host mucus. The isolates from gilthead sea bream also showed a higher antagonistic activity against P. damselae subsp. piscicida than those from Senegalese sole. Four isolates were selected, on the basis of their adhesive ability and antagonistic effect on P. damselae subsp. piscicida, to study their interactions with the pathogen in respect of adhesion to skin and intestinal mucus under exclusion, competition and displacement conditions. The results obtained show the ability of three isolates to reduce the adhesion of P. damselae subsp. piscicida to sole mucus under displacement and competition conditions. The adhesion of the pathogen to sole intestinal mucus was also significantly reduced when three isolates were assayed under exclusion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chabrillón
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, Malaga, Spain
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22
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Arijo S, Rico R, Chabrillon M, Diaz-Rosales P, Martínez-Manzanares E, Balebona MC, Magariños B, Toranzo AE, Moriñigo MA. Effectiveness of a divalent vaccine for sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup), against Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2005; 28:33-38. [PMID: 15660791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The protection of cultured sole, Solea senegalensis, against Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida was evaluated following the use of a divalent vaccine prepared with formalized whole cells and extracellular products of virulent strains of both pathogenic microorganisms and administered by the immersion route. Two prolonged immersions of 5-10 g fish in the divalent bacterin at a 1-month interval gave high levels of protection similar to those obtained when the respective monovalent vaccines were administered by the intraperitoneal route [relative percentage of survival (RPS) values >70%], which indicates that the former procedure can be a useful strategy with small fish. The high protection afforded by the divalent vaccine in sole lasted for 4 months after which the RPS values against both pathogens decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arijo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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