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Sanchez M, Courtois-Amiot P, Herrault V, Allart H, Eischen P, Chetaille F, Lepineux D, de Cathelineau C, Raynaud-Simon A. COVID-19 infection and 2-year mortality in nursing home residents who survived the first wave of the pandemic. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:647. [PMID: 39090548 PMCID: PMC11293043 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the first COVID-19 pandemic wave (1st CoPW), nursing homes (NHs) experienced a high rate of COVID-19 infection and death. Residents who survived the COVID-19 infection may have become frailer. This study aimed to determine the predictive value of having a COVID-19 infection during the 1st CoPW for 2-year mortality in NH residents. METHODS This was a retrospective study conducted in three NHs. Residents who had survived the 1st CoPW (March to May 2020) were included. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on the results of a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test. The collected data also included age, sex, length of residence in the NH, disability status, legal guardianship status, nutritional status, need for texture-modified food, hospitalization or Emergency Department visits during lockdown and SARS-COV2 vaccination status during the follow-up. Non-adjusted and adjusted Cox models were used to analyse factors associated with 2-year post-1st CoPW mortality. RESULTS Among the 315 CoPW1 survivors (72% female, mean age 88 years, 48% with severe disability), 35% presented with COVID-19. Having a history of COVID-19 was not associated with 2-year mortality: hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval] = 0.96 [0.81-1.13], p = 0.62. The factors independently associated with 2-year mortality were older age (for each additional year, HR = 1.05 [1.03-1.08], p < 0.01), severe disability vs. moderate or no disability (HR = 1.35 [1.12-1.63], p < 0.01) and severe malnutrition vs. no malnutrition (HR = 1.29 [1.04-1.60], p = 0.02). Considering that vaccination campaign started during the follow-up, mortality was associated with severe malnutrition before and severe disability after the start of the campaign. Vaccination was independently associated with better survival (HR 0.71 [0.55-0.93], p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Having survived a COVID-19 infection during the 1st CoPW did not affect subsequent 2-year survival in older adults living in NHs. Severe malnutrition and disability remained strong predictor of mortality in this population, whereas vaccination was associated to better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sanchez
- Geriatric Department, AP-HP, Bichat and Beaujon University Hospitals, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris Cedex , 75877, France.
- Paris Cité University, Paris, France.
- Gérond'if, Paris, France.
| | - Pauline Courtois-Amiot
- Geriatric Department, AP-HP, Bichat and Beaujon University Hospitals, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris Cedex , 75877, France
| | - Vincent Herrault
- Geriatric Department, AP-HP, Bichat and Beaujon University Hospitals, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris Cedex , 75877, France
| | - Hélène Allart
- Geriatric Department, AP-HP, Bichat and Beaujon University Hospitals, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris Cedex , 75877, France
| | | | | | | | - Castille de Cathelineau
- Geriatric Department, AP-HP, Bichat and Beaujon University Hospitals, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris Cedex , 75877, France
| | - Agathe Raynaud-Simon
- Geriatric Department, AP-HP, Bichat and Beaujon University Hospitals, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris Cedex , 75877, France
- Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Gérond'if, Paris, France
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Newman MG, Porucznik CA, Date AP, Abdelrahman S, Schliep KC, VanDerslice JA, Smith KR, Hanson HA. Generating Older Adult Multimorbidity Trajectories Using Various Comorbidity Indices and Calculation Methods. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad023. [PMID: 37179657 PMCID: PMC10168588 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Older adult multimorbidity trajectories are helpful for understanding the current and future health patterns of aging populations. The construction of multimorbidity trajectories from comorbidity index scores will help inform public health and clinical interventions targeting those individuals that are on unhealthy trajectories. Investigators have used many different techniques when creating multimorbidity trajectories in prior literature, and no standard way has emerged. This study compares and contrasts multimorbidity trajectories constructed from various methods. Research Design and Methods We describe the difference between aging trajectories constructed with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). We also explore the differences between acute (single-year) and chronic (cumulative) derivations of CCI and ECI scores. Social determinants of health can affect disease burden over time; thus, our models include income, race/ethnicity, and sex differences. Results We use group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) to estimate multimorbidity trajectories for 86,909 individuals aged 66-75 in 1992 using Medicare claims data collected over the following 21 years. We identify low-chronic disease and high-chronic disease trajectories in all 8 generated trajectory models. Additionally, all 8 models satisfied prior established statistical diagnostic criteria for well-performing GBTM models. Discussion and Implications Clinicians may use these trajectories to identify patients on an unhealthy path and prompt a possible intervention that may shift the patient to a healthier trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Newman
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Population Database, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christina A Porucznik
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ankita P Date
- Utah Population Database, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samir Abdelrahman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Karen C Schliep
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - James A VanDerslice
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ken R Smith
- Utah Population Database, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Heidi A Hanson
- Advanced Computing for Health Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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3
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Sinclair AJ, Abdelhafiz AH. Multimorbidity, Frailty and Diabetes in Older People-Identifying Interrelationships and Outcomes. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1911. [PMID: 36422087 PMCID: PMC9695437 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimorbidity and frailty are highly prevalent in older people with diabetes. This high prevalence is likely due to a combination of ageing and diabetes-related complications and other diabetes-associated comorbidities. Both multimorbidity and frailty are associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes in older people with diabetes, which are proportionally related to the number of morbidities and to the severity of frailty. Although, the multimorbidity pattern or cluster of morbidities that have the most adverse effect are not yet well defined, it appears that mental health disorders enhance the multimorbidity-related adverse outcomes. Therefore, comprehensive diabetes guidelines that incorporate a holistic approach that includes screening and management of mental health disorders such as depression is required. The adverse outcomes predicted by multimorbidity and frailty appear to be similar and include an increased risk of health care utilisation, disability and mortality. The differential effect of one condition on outcomes, independent of the other, still needs future exploration. In addition, prospective clinical trials are required to investigate whether interventions to reduce multimorbidity and frailty both separately and in combination would improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (fDROP), King’s College, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Rotherham General Hospital Foundation Trust, Rotherham S60 2UD, UK
| | - Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (fDROP), King’s College, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham S60 2UD, UK
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Steinmeyer Z, Piau A, Thomazeau J, Kai SHY, Nourhashemi F. Mortality in hospitalised older patients: the WHALES short-term predictive score. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2021:bmjspcare-2021-003258. [PMID: 34824134 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate the WHALES screening tool predicting short-term mortality (3 months) in older patients hospitalised in an acute geriatric unit. METHODS Older patients transferred to an acute geriatric ward from June 2017 to December 2018 were included. The cohort was divided into two groups: derivation (n=664) and validation (n=332) cohorts. Cause for admission in emergency room, hospitalisation history within the previous year, ongoing medical conditions, cognitive impairment, frailty status, living conditions, presence of proteinuria on a urine strip or urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and abnormalities on an ECG were collected at baseline. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify independent variables associated with mortality at 3 months in the derivation cohort. The prediction score was then validated in the validation cohort. RESULTS Five independent variables available from medical history and clinical data were strongly predictive of short-term mortality in older adults including age, sex, living in a nursing home, unintentional weight loss and self-reported exhaustion. The screening tool was discriminative (C-statistic=0.74 (95% CI: 0.67 to 0.82)) and had a good fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (X2 (3)=0.55, p=0.908)). The area under the curve value for the final model was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67 to 0.82). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The WHALES screening tool is a short and rapid tool predicting 3-month mortality among hospitalised older patients. Early identification of end of life may help appropriate timing and implementation of palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Steinmeyer
- Geriatrics, CHU, Toulouse, France
- UMR 1295, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse III, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Piau
- Geriatrics, CHU, Toulouse, France
- UMR 1295, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse III, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Samantha Huo Yung Kai
- UMR 1295, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse III, INSERM, Toulouse, France
- Methodological Research Support Unit, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fati Nourhashemi
- Geriatrics, CHU, Toulouse, France
- UMR 1295, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse III, INSERM, Toulouse, France
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Shapira-Galitz Y, Levy A, Madgar O, Shpunt D, Zhang Y, Wang B, Wolf M, Drendel M. Effects of carbonation of liquids on penetration-aspiration and residue management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:4871-4881. [PMID: 34292401 PMCID: PMC8297430 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Carbonation as a sensory enhancement strategy for prevention of aspiration of thin liquids has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of carbonation on penetration–aspiration and pharyngeal residue in dysphagia patients using Fiber-Optic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) and to identify parameters associated with a response to carbonation. Methods A cross-sectional study of patients undergoing FEES in a dysphagia clinic. Patients were offered 100 cc of dyed water. Penetration–aspiration was scored using the penetration–aspiration scale (PAS). Residue was scored using the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPR-SRS). Patients with a PAS ≥ 2 for water were subsequently offered 100 cc of carbonated water. PAS, YPR-SRS and residue clearance were compared between thin and carbonated liquids. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors for good response to carbonation. Results 84 patients were enrolled, 77.4% males, with diverse dysphagia etiologies (58.3% neurogenic, 11.9% radiation-induced, 23.8% deconditioning-induced, and 6% neck surgery induced). Median PAS was 7 (IQR 4–8) for thin liquids and 4.5 (IQR 2–8) for carbonated liquids (P = 0.0001). YPR-SRS was reduced for carbonated compared to thin liquids in the vallecula (1.58 ± 0.83 vs 1.76 ± 0.93, P = 0.001) and piriform sinuses (1.5 ± 0.87 vs 1.67 ± 0.9, P = 0.002). 31 patients had improvement in PAS with carbonation. Deconditioning as a dysphagia etiology was found to predict good response to carbonation on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Carbonation may prevent aspiration and improve residue management for some patients with dysphagia for liquids. Level of evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Shapira-Galitz
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Kaplan Medical Center, #1 Pasternak St., Rehovot, Israel. .,Hadassah School of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Audrey Levy
- The Hearing, Speech and Language Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ory Madgar
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dina Shpunt
- The Hearing, Speech and Language Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Statistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Binhuan Wang
- Division of Statistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Wolf
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Drendel
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Mohamed MR, Kyi K, Mohile SG, Xu H, Culakova E, Loh KP, Flannery M, Obrecht S, Ramsdale E, Patil A, Dunne RF, DiGiovanni G, Hezel A, Burnette B, Desai N, Giguere J, Magnuson A. Prevalence of and factors associated with treatment modification at first cycle in older adults with advanced cancer receiving palliative treatment. J Geriatr Oncol 2021; 12:1208-1213. [PMID: 34272204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment toxicities are common in older adults with cancer and consequently, treatment modifications are sometimes considered. We evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with treatment modifications at the first cycle in older patients receiving palliative systemic treatment. METHODS Patients (n = 369) from the GAP 70+ Trial (NCT02054741; PI: Mohile) usual care arm were included. Enrolled patients were aged 70+ with advanced cancer and ≥ 1 Geriatric Assessment (GA) domain impairment. Treatment modification was defined as any change from National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines or published clinical trials. Baseline variables included: 1) sociodemographic factors; 2) clinical variables; 3) GA domains; and 4) physician beliefs about life expectancy. Bivariate analyses and multivariable cluster-weighted generalized estimating equation model were conducted to assess the association of baseline variables with cycle 1 treatment modifications. RESULTS Mean age was 77.2 years (range: 70-94); 62% had lung or gastrointestinal cancers, and 35% had treatment modifications at cycle 1. Increasing age by one year (odds ratio (OR) 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-1.2), receipt of ≥second line of chemotherapy (OR 1.8, CI 1.1-3.0), functional impairment (OR 1.6, CI 1.1-2.3) and income ≤$50,000 (OR 1.7, CI 1.1-2.4) were independently associated with a higher likelihood of cycle 1 treatment modification. CONCLUSION Treatment modifications occurred in 35% of older adults with advanced cancer at cycle 1. Increasing age, receipt of ≥second line of chemotherapy, functional impairment, and lower income were independently associated with treatment modifications. These findings emphasize the need for evidence-based regimens in older adults with cancer and GA impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa R Mohamed
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kaitlin Kyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Supriya G Mohile
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Huiwen Xu
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Control, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eva Culakova
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Control, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kah Poh Loh
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Marie Flannery
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Spencer Obrecht
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Erika Ramsdale
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Amita Patil
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Richard F Dunne
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Grace DiGiovanni
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Aram Hezel
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Brian Burnette
- Cancer Research of Wisconsin and Northern Michigan, NCORP, USA
| | | | | | - Allison Magnuson
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, New York, USA.
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Windle G, Bennett KM, MacLeod C. The Influence of Life Experiences on the Development of Resilience in Older People With Co-morbid Health Problems. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:502314. [PMID: 33072779 PMCID: PMC7536341 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.502314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Co-morbidity is a major late-life challenge with poor outcomes, yet many older people are resilient. We consider an ecopsychosocial framework of resilience to investigate this disparity. This theorises that sources of resilience may be personal, social and structural. We explored older people's responses and reactions to significant life experiences, to understand resilience development for managing later life health challenges. Methods: We applied a two-stage, cross-sectional mixed-methods design to the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies Wales (CFAS Wales). Participants' defined quantitatively as resilient (high level of well-being despite co-morbidity) were identified in the wave 1 dataset. A sub-sample of the resilient participants aged 65+ were randomly selected for semi-structured interviews (N = 20). Qualitative thematic analyses were both inductive and deductive. Results: The analyses revealed four primary life experiences reflecting different developmental trajectories. “Early years as formative” and “work and employment as formative” occurred at normative developmental stages in the life-course. In contrast non-normative life events such as loss, bereavement, illness of self, and others underpinned the themes of “adverse events and experiences” and “caring experiences.” Four potential mechanisms for resilience were central to these life experiences, reflecting reactions, actions, and development: “character and self-identity;” “approach to life and insight;” “meaningful relationships and belonging.” Conclusions: This work contributes further theoretical insights into the ecopsychosocial resilience framework. It highlights the process of interdependence between the individual and the wider environment, suggesting how the availability and accessibility of resources and human agency (protective factors), can influence, and be influenced by, the timing of significant events and experiences. In doing so, it corroborates international healthy ageing policy which recognises resilience as important for a public health response to support older people to adjust to changes and losses experienced in later life. It highlights the importance of current and future policies and services for supporting the management of adverse events earlier in the life-course, and recommends that policies and services take a “long view” on population health and well-being and consider the whole life-course, in addition to specific points in the ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Windle
- Dementia Services Development Centre Wales Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Kate M Bennett
- School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine MacLeod
- Dementia Services Development Centre Wales Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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Morbidity Measures Predicting Mortality in Inpatients: A Systematic Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:462-468.e7. [PMID: 31948852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Morbidity is an important risk factor for mortality and a variety of morbidity measures have been developed to predict patients' health outcomes. The objective of this systematic review was to compare the capacity of morbidity measures in predicting mortality among inpatients admitted to internal medicine, geriatric, or all hospital wards. DESIGN A systematic literature search was conducted from inception to March 6, 2019 using 4 databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL. Articles were included if morbidity measures were used to predict mortality (registration CRD42019126674). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Inpatients with a mean or median age ≥65 years. MEASUREMENTS Morbidity measures predicting mortality. RESULTS Of the 12,800 articles retrieved from the databases, a total of 34 articles were included reporting on inpatients admitted to internal medicine, geriatric, or all hospital wards. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was reported most frequently and a higher CCI score was associated with greater mortality risk, primarily at longer follow-up periods. Articles comparing morbidity measures revealed that the Geriatric Index of Comorbidity was better predicting mortality risk than the CCI, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, Index of Coexistent Disease, and disease count. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Higher morbidity measure scores are better in predicting mortality at longer follow-up period. The Geriatric Index of Comorbidity was best in predicting mortality and should be used more often in clinical practice to assist clinical decision making.
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Vu HM, Nguyen LH, Tran TH, Pham KTH, Phan HT, Nguyen HN, Tran BX, Latkin CA, Ho CS, Ho RC. Effects of Chronic Comorbidities on the Health-Related Quality of Life among Older Patients after Falls in Vietnamese Hospitals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193623. [PMID: 31569612 PMCID: PMC6801440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although comorbidities are prevalent in older people experiencing falls, there is a lack of studies examining their influence on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in this population. This study examines the prevalence of comorbidities and associations between comorbidities and HRQOL in older patients after falls in Vietnamese hospitals. A cross-sectional design was employed among 405 older patients admitted to seven hospitals due to fall injuries in Thai Binh province, Vietnam. The EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) was used to measure HRQOL. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire, while comorbidities and other clinical characteristics were examined by physicians and extracted from medical records. Multivariate Tobit regression was used to determine the associations between comorbidities and HRQOL. Among 405 patients, 75.6% had comorbidities, of which hypertension and osteoarthritis were the most common. Lumbar spine/cervical spine diseases (Coefficient (Coef.) = −0.10; 95%CI = −0.18; 0.03) and stroke (Coef. = −0.36; 95%CI = −0.61; −0.10) were found to be associated with a significantly decreased EQ-5D index. Participants with three comorbidities had EQ-5D indexes 0.20 points lower (Coef. = −0.20; 95%CI = −0.31; −0.09) in comparison with those without comorbidities. This study underlined a significantly high proportion of comorbidities in older patients hospitalized due to fall injuries in Vietnam. In addition, the existence of comorbidities was associated with deteriorating HRQOL. Frequent monitoring and screening comorbidities are critical to determining which individuals are most in need of HRQOL enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Minh Vu
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Thai Binh Medical University Hospital, Thai Binh 410000, Vietnam;
| | - Long Hoang Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (L.H.N.)
| | - Tung Hoang Tran
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Vietnam—Germany Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Kiet Tuan Huy Pham
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (K.T.H.P.); (B.X.T.)
| | - Hai Thanh Phan
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +84-3-3399-8764
| | - Hieu Ngoc Nguyen
- Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (K.T.H.P.); (B.X.T.)
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Cyrus S.H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Roger C.M. Ho
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (L.H.N.)
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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10
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Nelis SM, Wu YT, Matthews FE, Martyr A, Quinn C, Rippon I, Rusted J, Thom JM, Kopelman MD, Hindle JV, Jones RW, Clare L. The impact of co-morbidity on the quality of life of people with dementia: findings from the IDEAL study. Age Ageing 2019; 48:361-367. [PMID: 30403771 PMCID: PMC6503940 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to investigate the co-morbidity profile of people with dementia and examine the associations between severity of co-morbidity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and quality of life (QoL). Methods The improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life (IDEAL) cohort consisted of 1,547 people diagnosed with dementia who provided information on the number and type of co-morbid conditions. Participants also provided ratings of their health-related and dementia-specific QoL. Results The majority of the sample were living with more than one chronic condition. Hypertension was commonly reported and frequently combined with connective tissue disease, diabetes and depression. The number of co-morbid conditions was associated with low QoL scores, and those with severe co-morbidity (≥5 conditions) showed the greatest impact on their well-being. Conclusions Co-morbidity is an important risk factor for poor QoL and health status in people with dementia. Greater recognition of the nature and impact of co-morbidity is needed to inform support and interventions for people with dementia and a multidisciplinary approach to care provision is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Nelis
- REACH: The Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School and College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Yu-Tzu Wu
- REACH: The Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School and College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK
- King’s College London, Social Epidemiology Research Group, Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Fiona E Matthews
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony Martyr
- REACH: The Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School and College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Catherine Quinn
- REACH: The Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School and College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Isla Rippon
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | | | - Jeanette M Thom
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael D Kopelman
- King’s College London, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, UK
| | - John V Hindle
- REACH: The Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School and College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Roy W Jones
- RICE (The Research Institute for the Care of Older People), Bath, UK
| | - Linda Clare
- REACH: The Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School and College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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11
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Dhopeshwarkar N, Iqbal S, Wang X, Salas M. A Retrospective Study of Comorbidities and Complications in Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients in the United States. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2019; 19:e436-e456. [PMID: 31129110 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have been shown to increase with age. However, few studies have described the disease burden in elderly AML patients, a population generally underrepresented in clinical trials. We aimed to characterize the comorbidities and complications in elderly AML patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients aged ≥ 65 years with a primary diagnosis of AML were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database (2000-2013) and were followed until the end of 2014. AML patients were matched 1:1 to noncancer patients by age, sex, geographic region, and race. A subset of patients with relapsed and/or refractory (R/R) AML was identified by modifying a previously validated algorithm. Baseline comorbidities and complications (eg, infectious, hematologic, cardiovascular) during follow-up were assessed using ICD-9 codes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations between AML and developing select complications. RESULTS Compared to matched noncancer controls, AML patients (n = 3911) had higher baseline National Cancer Institute comorbidity index scores (1.81 vs. 1.63, P < .01), higher incidence rates (per 100 person-years) for all events of interest, and a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio = 4.61; 95% confidence interval, 4.07-5.21), type 2 diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio = 3.85; 95% confidence interval, 3.35-4.42), and stroke (hazard ratio = 2.60; 95% confidence interval, 2.32-2.92). R/R AML patients were younger, had lower National Cancer Institute comorbidity scores, lower incidence rates of events of interest, and a longer follow-up time compared to non-R/R AML patients. CONCLUSION Elderly AML patients had more comorbidities and higher rates of complications compared to noncancer controls. Considering comorbidities and complications in elderly AML patients may improve clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Dhopeshwarkar
- Clinical Safety and Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY
| | - Shahed Iqbal
- Clinical Safety and Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Clinical Safety and Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ; PRO Unlimited, Burlingame, CA
| | - Maribel Salas
- Clinical Safety and Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB) and Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training (CPeRT), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
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12
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Dysphagia Onset in Older Adults during Unrelated Hospital Admission: Quantitative Videofluoroscopic Measures. Geriatrics (Basel) 2018; 3:geriatrics3040066. [PMID: 31011101 PMCID: PMC6371158 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics3040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New-onset swallowing difficulties in older patients during unrelated hospital admissions are well recognized and may result in prolonged hospital stay and increased morbidity. Presbyphagia denotes age-related swallowing changes which do not necessarily result in pathological effects. The trajectory from presbyphagia to dysphagia is not well understood. This retrospective observational study compared quantitative videofluoroscopic measures in hospitalized older adults aged 70-100 years, reporting new dysphagia symptoms during admission (n = 52), to healthy asymptomatic older (n = 56) and younger adults (n = 43). Significant physiological differences seen in hospitalized older adults but not healthy adults, were elevated pharyngeal area (p < 0.001) and pharyngeal constriction ratio (p < 0.001). Significantly increased penetration (p < 0.001), aspiration (p < 0.001) and pharyngeal residue (p < 0.001) were also observed in the hospitalized older cohort. Reasons for onset of new swallow problems during hospitalization are likely multifactorial and complex. Alongside multimorbidity and polypharmacy, a combination of factors during hospitalization, such as fatigue, low levels of alertness, delirium, reduced respiratory support and disuse atrophy, may tip the balance of age-related swallowing adaptations and compensation toward dysfunctional swallowing. To optimize swallowing assessment and management for our aging population, care must be taken not to oversimplify dysphagia complaints as a characteristic of aging.
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13
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Hatch JL, Bauschard MJ, Nguyen SA, Lambert PR, Meyer TA, McRackan TR. Malignant Otitis Externa Outcomes: A Study of the University HealthSystem Consortium Database. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2018; 127:514-520. [PMID: 29962250 PMCID: PMC6728081 DOI: 10.1177/0003489418778056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize factors that affect outcomes for patients with malignant otitis externa (MOE). METHODS Retrospective review of inpatients with MOE was performed. Patient demographics, comorbid conditions, complications, procedures, and mortalities were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 786 patients with MOE were identified. The mean hospitalization length of stay (LOS) was 18.6 days (SD = 19.7). The overall mortality rate was 2.5% (n = 20), and complication rate was 4.3% (n = 34). Increasing age significantly and positively correlated with the incidence of MOE (r = 0.979, P < .0001). Factors that were associated with an increased rate of mortality were sepsis (odds ratio [OR] = 18.5; ES = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.47-1.42), congestive heart failure (OR = 3.1; ES = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.02-0.82), weight loss (OR = 10.2; ES = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.61-1.85), and coagulopathy (OR = 8.8; ES = 1.84; 95% CI, 0.91-2.77). Surgical intervention was performed in 19.2% (n = 151) of patients. Facial nerve involvement was present in 15.5% (n = 122) of patients and was associated with a significantly longer LOS of 12.9 days (SD = 19.6; ES = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.03-0.41). CONCLUSIONS This large multi-institutional database study of MOE demonstrates that several patient factors impact the LOS and mortality. Patients at risk for unfavorable outcomes include the elderly, male gender, comorbidities, or cranial nerve involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Hatch
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J Bauschard
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shaun A Nguyen
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Paul R Lambert
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ted A Meyer
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Theodore R McRackan
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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14
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Hatch JL, Bauschard MJ, Nguyen SA, Lambert PR, Meyer TA, McRackan TR. National Trends in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: Influence of Patient Characteristics on Outcomes. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:102-109. [PMID: 29584554 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818765717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To characterize current vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery outcomes with a nationwide database and identify factors associated with increased complications and prolonged hospital course. Study Design Retrospective review utilizing the University HealthSystem Consortium national inpatient database. Setting US academic health centers. Subjects and Methods Data from patients undergoing VS surgery were analyzed over a 3-year time span (October 2012 to September 2015). Surgical outcomes, such as length of stay (LOS), complications, and mortality, were analyzed on the basis of race, sex, age, and comorbidities during the 30-day postoperative period. Results A total of 3697 VS surgical cases were identified. The overall mortality rate was 0.38%, and the overall complication rate was 5.3%. Advanced age significantly affected intensive care unit LOS, mortality, and complications ( P = .04). Comorbidities, including hypertension, obesity, and depression, also significantly increased complication rates ( P = .02). Sixty-eight patients (1.8%) had a history of irradiation, and they had a significantly increased LOS ( P = .03). Conclusion Modern VS surgery has a low mortality rate and a relatively low rate of complications. Several factors contribute to high complication rates, including age and comorbidities. These data will help providers in counseling patients on which treatment course might be best suited for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Hatch
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J Bauschard
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shaun A Nguyen
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Paul R Lambert
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ted A Meyer
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Theodore R McRackan
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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15
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Brown H, Dodic S, Goh SS, Green C, Wang WC, Kaul S, Tiruvoipati R. Factors associated with hospital mortality in critically ill patients with exacerbation of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:2361-2366. [PMID: 30122916 PMCID: PMC6080864 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s168983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COPD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with COPD often require admission to intensive care units (ICU) during an acute exacerbation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the factors independently associated with hospital mortality in patients requiring ICU admission for acute exacerbation of COPD. METHODS Patients admitted to the ICU of Frankston Hospital between January 2005 and June 2016 with an admission diagnosis of COPD were retrospectively identified from ICU databases. Patients' comorbidities, arterial blood gas results, and in-patient interventions were retrieved from their medical records. Outcomes analyzed included hospital and ICU length of stay (LOS) and mortality. RESULTS A total of 305 patients were included. Mean age was 67.4 years. A total of 77% of patients required non-invasive ventilation; and 38.7% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for a median of 127.2 hours (SD =179.5). Mean ICU LOS was 4.5 days (SD =5.96), and hospital LOS was 11.6 days (SD =13). In-hospital mortality was 18.7%. Multivariate analysis revealed that patient age (odds ratio [OR] =1.06; 95% CI: 1.031-1.096), ICU LOS (OR =1.26; 95% CI: 1.017-1.571), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score (OR =1.07; 95% CI: 1.012-1.123), and requirement for IMV (OR =4.09; 95% CI: 1.791-9.324) to be significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION Patient age, requirement for IMV, and illness severity were associated with poor patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish Brown
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Stefan Dodic
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Sheen Sern Goh
- Department of Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cameron Green
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Wei C Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Sameer Kaul
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ravindranath Tiruvoipati
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
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16
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Fortin M, Almirall J, Nicholson K. Development of a research tool to document self-reported chronic conditions in primary care. JOURNAL OF COMORBIDITY 2017; 7:117-123. [PMID: 29354597 PMCID: PMC5772378 DOI: 10.15256/joc.2017.7.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers interested in multimorbidity often find themselves in the dilemma of identifying or creating an operational definition in order to generate data. Our team was invited to propose a tool for documenting the presence of chronic conditions in participants recruited for different research studies. OBJECTIVE To describe the development of such a tool. DESIGN A scoping review in which we identified relevant studies, selected studies, charted the data, and collated and summarized the results. The criteria considered for selecting chronic conditions were: (1) their relevance to primary care services; (2) the impact on affected patients; (3) their prevalence among the primary care users; and (4) how often the conditions were present among the lists retrieved from the scoping review. RESULTS Taking into account the predefined criteria, we developed a list of 20 chronic conditions/categories of conditions that could be self-reported. A questionnaire was built using simple instructions and a table including the list of chronic conditions/categories of conditions. CONCLUSIONS We developed a questionnaire to document 20 self-reported chronic conditions/categories of conditions intended to be used for research purposes in primary care. Guided by previous literature, the purpose of this questionnaire is to evaluate the self-reported burden of multimorbidity by participants and to encourage comparability among research studies using the same measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fortin
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada
| | - José Almirall
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathryn Nicholson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Western University, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Thomazeau J, Huo Yung Kai S, Rolland Y, Sourdet S, Saffon N, Nourhashemi F. [Prognostic indices for older adults during the year following hospitalization in an acute medical ward: An update]. Presse Med 2017; 46:360-373. [PMID: 28325586 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT As population grow older, chronic diseases are more prevalent. It leads to an increase of hospitalization for acute decompensation, sometimes iterative. Management of these patients is not always clear, and care provided is not always proportional to life expectancy. Making decisions in acute situations is not easy. OBJECTIVE This review aims to list and describe mortality scores within a year following hospitalization of patients of 65 years or older. SOURCES Following keywords were searched in title and abstract of articles via an advanced search in PudMed, and by searching Mesh terms: "aged", "aged, 80 and over", "mortality", "prognosis", "hospitalized", "models, statistical", "acute geriatric ward", "frailty", "outcome". STUDIES SELECTION Studies published in English between 1985 and 2015 were selected. Last article was published in June 2015. Articles that described prognostic factors of mortality without a scoring system were excluded. Articles that focus either on patients in the Emergency Department and in Intensive Care Unit, or living in institution were excluded. RESULTS Twenty-two scores are described in 17 articles. These scores use items that refer to functional status, comorbidities, cognitive status and frailty. Scores of mortality 3 or 6 months after hospitalization are not discriminative. Few of the 1-year mortality prognostic score are discriminative with AUC≥0.7. LIMITS This review is not systematic. CONCLUSION Practical use of these scores might help management of these patients, in order to initiate appropriate reflexion and palliative care if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Thomazeau
- CHU Purpan, unité résonance, douleur-soins de support, pavillon des médecines, place du Docteur-Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Samantha Huo Yung Kai
- Université Paul-Sabatier, faculté de médecine, département d'épidémiologie, économie de la santé et santé publique, 37, allée Jules-Guesde, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Université Paul-Sabatier, UMR 1027 : épidémiologie et analyse en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicap, 37, allée Jules-Guesde, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Sourdet
- Université Paul-Sabatier, UMR 1027 : épidémiologie et analyse en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicap, 37, allée Jules-Guesde, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Saffon
- CHU Purpan, unité résonance, douleur-soins de support, pavillon des médecines, place du Docteur-Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Fati Nourhashemi
- Université Paul-Sabatier, UMR 1027 : épidémiologie et analyse en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicap, 37, allée Jules-Guesde, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
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18
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Ferrer A, Formiga F, Sanz H, Almeda J, Padrós G. Multimorbidity as specific disease combinations, an important predictor factor for mortality in octogenarians: the Octabaix study. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:223-231. [PMID: 28184153 PMCID: PMC5291453 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s123173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The population is aging and multimorbidity is becoming a common problem in the elderly. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of multimorbidity patterns on mortality for all causes at 3- and 5-year follow-up periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective community-based cohort (2009-2014) embedded within a randomized clinical trial was conducted in seven primary health care centers, including 328 subjects aged 85 years at baseline. Sociodemographic variables, sensory status, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidity, and geriatric tests were analyzed. Multimorbidity patterns were defined as combinations of two or three of 16 specific chronic conditions in the same individual. RESULTS Of the total sample, the median and interquartile range value of conditions was 4 (3-5). The individual morbidities significantly associated with death were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; hazard ratio [HR]: 2.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3; 4.7), atrial fibrillation (AF; HR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.3; 4.3), and malignancy (HR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.0; 3.6) at 3-year follow-up; whereas dementia (HR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.3; 3.2), malignancy (HR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.2; 2.8), and COPD (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.1; 2.8) were the most associated with mortality at 5-year follow-up, after adjusting using Barthel functional index (BI). The two multimorbidity patterns most associated with death were AF, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and visual impairment (HR: 4.19; 95% CI: 2.2; 8.2) at 3-year follow-up as well as hypertension, CKD, and malignancy (HR: 3.24; 95% CI: 1.8; 5.8) at 5 years, after adjusting using BI. CONCLUSION Multimorbidity as specific combinations of chronic conditions showed an effect on mortality, which would be higher than the risk attributable to individual morbidities. The most important predicting pattern for mortality was the combination of AF, CKD, and visual impairment after 3 years. These findings suggest that a new approach is required to target multimorbidity in octogenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assumpta Ferrer
- Primary Healthcare Department, Centre 'El Plà', DAP Metropolitana Sud ICS
| | - Francesc Formiga
- Geriatric Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Department Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
| | - Héctor Sanz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Barcelona University
| | - Jesús Almeda
- Support Unit Research for Primary Care, Primary Health Care Department of Costa Ponent, IDIAP, ICS; CIBER Department of Epidemiology Service (CIBERESP)
| | - Glòria Padrós
- Clinical Laboratory Department, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Alemi F, Levy C, Citron BA, Williams AR, Pracht E, Williams A. Improving Prognostic Web Calculators: Violation of Preferential Risk Independence. J Palliat Med 2016; 19:1325-1330. [PMID: 27623488 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2016.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based applications are available for prognostication of individual patients. These prognostic models were developed for groups of patients. No one is the average patient, and using these calculators to inform individual patients could provide misleading results. OBJECTIVE This article gives an example of paradoxical results that may emerge when indices used for prognosis of the average person are used for care of an individual patient. METHODS We calculated the expected mortality risks of stomach cancer and its associated comorbidities. Mortality risks were calculated using data from 140,699 Veterans Administration nursing home residents. RESULTS On average, a patient with hypertension has a higher risk of mortality than one without hypertension. Surprisingly, among patients with lung cancer, hypertension is protective and reduces risk of mortality. This paradoxical result is explained by how group-level, average prognosis could mislead individual patients. In particular, average prognosis of lung cancer patients reflects the impact of various comorbidities that co-occur in lung cancer patients. The presence of hypertension, a relatively mild comorbidity of lung cancer, indicates that more serious comorbidities have not occurred. It is not that hypertension is protective; it is the absence of more serious comorbidities that is protective. The article shows how the presence of these anomalies can be checked through the mathematical concept of preferential risk independence. CONCLUSION Instead of reporting average risk scores, web-based calculators may improve accuracy of predictions by reporting the unconfounded risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Alemi
- 1 The District of Columbia Veteran Administration Medical Center , Washington.,2 Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University , Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Cari Levy
- 3 Denver Veteran Administration Medical Center , Denver, Colorado
| | - Bruce A Citron
- 4 Bay Pines Veteran Administration Healthcare System , Bay Pines, Florida
| | - Arthur R Williams
- 2 Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University , Fairfax, Virginia.,5 Center of Innovation on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, James A. Haley, Veterans, Administration Medical Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Etienne Pracht
- 6 Department of Health Care Policy and Management, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida
| | - Allison Williams
- 4 Bay Pines Veteran Administration Healthcare System , Bay Pines, Florida
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20
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Rossi PD, Bilotta C, Consonni D, Nobili A, Damanti S, Marcucci M, Mannucci PM, Mari D. Predictors of clinical events occurring during hospital stay among elderly patients admitted to medical wards in Italy. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 32:38-42. [PMID: 27157402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical events occurring during hospital stay are independent predictors of prolonged hospitalization, in-hospital mortality and readmission among elderly patients admitted to medical wards. PURPOSE To identify predictors of intercurrent clinical events (ICE) during hospital stay among the main demographic, functional and clinical characteristics assessed at hospital admission in a multicenter sample of elderly inpatients in Italy. METHODS This observational prospective cohort study was conducted in 66 internal and geriatric medicine hospital wards in 2010. It enrolled 1267 inpatients aged 65years or older living at home before hospitalization. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses were employed to identify the most common ICEs as well as their independent predictors. RESULTS During the hospital stay 427 patients (33.7%) experienced at least one ICE. The most common ICEs were urinary tract infections, pneumonia, anemia, arrhythmias and fluid electrolyte disorders. After correction for age, sex, comorbidity, cognitive impairment and functional dependence, independent predictors of any ICE were: being a bladder catheter holder (RR [risk ratio] 1.86, 95% CI 1.52-2.27), being on treatment at home with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03-1.53), with immunosuppressant therapy (RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.24-3.56), and body temperature at admission (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.33). CONCLUSION Four clinical characteristics, easily assessable at admission, may be useful to identify elderly inpatients at a higher risk for developing ICEs during hospital stay. Furthermore three of these predictors are modifiable factors, thus interventions reducing the use of catheter, PPI and immunosuppressants may result in reduction of ICEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Dionigi Rossi
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Bilotta
- Geriatric Medicine Outpatient Service, Presidio Territoriale Poliambulatori, ASST Nord Milano, viale Andrea Doria 52, 20124 Milan, Italy.
| | - Dario Consonni
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Unit of Epidemiology, IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Nobili
- Laboratory for Quality Assessment of Geriatric Therapies and Services, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sarah Damanti
- School of Specialization in Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maura Marcucci
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
- A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Smolin B, Levy Y, Sabbach-Cohen E, Levi L, Mashiach T. Predicting mortality of elderly patients acutely admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:501-8. [PMID: 25311361 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study addresses the common practice of providing aggressive treatments of limited clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness to seriously ill and frail elderly. We have created a statistical model of 6-month mortality risk prediction following acute hospitalisation admission, and identified a subset of patients with poorest prognosis that requires comfort-focused care. METHODS We have studied electronic medical records of 26,937 patients age 65 years or older, hospitalised in the internal medicine departments of one tertiary-care teaching medical center in Northern Israel from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2011 and mortality data from the Israeli Internal Ministry Registry. Norton score records were employed for the performance status evaluation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to predict the risk of 6-month mortality. RESULTS Variables associated with an increased risk of 6-month mortality included: metastatic cancer, age above 85 years, decreased values of blood albumin and haemoglobin, increased blood urea nitrogen and decreased physical/mental status and activity. The receiver operating characteristic area for the predicted probability of death was 0.845 and 0.847 in external validation cohort. Using predictive values of the logistic regression analysis, the study cohort was stratified into six groups with various predictive mortality risks. CONCLUSION The majority of deaths that have occurred within 6 months following the acute hospitalisation could be predicted on patient admission based on a few simple and easily obtained parameters. Earlier recognition of patients nearing the end of their lives may lead to better care and more efficient use of available resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Smolin
- Department of Internal Medicince D, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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De Buyser SL, Petrovic M, Taes YE, Vetrano DL, Onder G. A multicomponent approach to identify predictors of hospital outcomes in older in-patients: a multicentre, observational study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115413. [PMID: 25542042 PMCID: PMC4277310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of older patients at risk of poor hospital outcomes (e.g. longer hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and institutionalisation) is important to provide an effective healthcare service. Objective To identify factors related to older patients’ clinical, nutritional, functional and socio-demographic profiles at admission to an acute care ward that can predict poor hospital outcomes. Design and Setting The CRiteria to assess appropriate Medication use among Elderly complex patients project was a multicentre, observational study performed in geriatric and internal medicine acute care wards of seven Italian hospitals. Subjects One thousand one hundred twenty-three consecutively admitted patients aged 65 years or older. Methods Hospital outcomes were length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and institutionalisation. Results Mean age of participants was 81 years, 56% were women. Median length of stay was 10 (7–14) days, 41 patients died during hospital stay and 37 were newly institutionalised. Number of drugs before admission, metastasized cancer, renal failure or dialysis, infection, falls at home during the last year, pain, and walking speed were independent predictors of LoS. Total dependency in activities of daily living and inability to perform grip strength test were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Malnutrition and total dependency in activities of daily living were independent predictors of institutionalisation. Conclusions Our results confirm that not only diseases, but also multifaceted aspects of ageing such as physical function and malnutrition are strong predictors of hospital outcomes and suggest that these variables should be systematically recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Youri E. Taes
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Davide L. Vetrano
- Centro Medicina dell’Invecchiamento, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Centro Medicina dell’Invecchiamento, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Martínez-Velilla N, Cambra-Contin K, Ibáñez-Beroiz B. Comorbidity and prognostic indices do not improve the 5-year mortality prediction of components of comprehensive geriatric assessment in hospitalized older patients. BMC Geriatr 2014; 14:64. [PMID: 24886561 PMCID: PMC4026058 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advancing age is associated with increased vulnerability to chronic health problems. Identifying factors that predict oldest-old status is vital for developing effective clinical interventions and public health strategies. Methods Observational prospective study of patients aged 75 years and older consecutively admitted to an Acute Geriatric Ward of a tertiary hospital. After a comprehensive geriatric assessment all patients were assessed for five comorbidity indices and two prognostic models. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between each score and 5-year mortality. The ability of each score to predict mortality was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results 122 patients were enrolled. All patients were followed up for five years. 90 (74%) of them died during the study period. In the logistic regression analyses, apart from age, cognitive impairment and Barthel Index, three indices were identified as statistically associated with 5-year mortality: the Geriatric Index of Comorbidity and the two prognostic indices. The multivariate model that combined age, sex, cognitive impairment and Barthel showed a good discriminate ability (AUC = 0.79), and it did not improve substantially after adding individually any of the indices. Conclusions Some prognostic models and the Geriatric Index of Comorbidity are better than other widely used indices such as the Charlson Index in predicting 5-year mortality in hospitalized older patients, however, none of these indices is superior to some components of comprehensive geriatric assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Martínez-Velilla
- Geriatric Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Red de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Irunlarrea 4, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
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Hoang-Kim A, Busse JW, Groll D, Karanicolas PJ, Schemitsch E. Co-morbidities in elderly patients with hip fracture: recommendations of the ISFR-IOF hip fracture outcomes working group. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2014; 134:189-95. [PMID: 23615972 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-013-1756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hip fractures are the second leading cause of hospitalization in the aged and by 2041, epidemiologists forecast an increase in economic cost to $2.4 billion. The hip patient population often presents with comorbidities causing these patients to receive less aggressive medical treatment and have a low quality of life. We believe that physical function is a patient-important outcome for many medical and surgical interventions. The functional co-morbidity index (FCI), unlike prior co-morbidity indices, was developed with physical function as an outcome instead of being designed for administrative purposes or to predict mortality. Our objective was to evaluate the perceptions of practitioners in hip fracture care about the impact of comorbidities on physical function as primary outcome. METHODS We piloted and then distributed a self-administered survey to members of the International Society for Fracture Repair hip fracture outcomes working group. For each of the 18 diagnoses included in the FCI index, we asked in our survey whether the presence of the co-morbidity and whether the severity of the co-morbidity was perceived to impact physical function in patients following a hip fracture. RESULTS Seventeen out of 20 respondents completed the questionnaire. The presence and severity of arthritis was 'strongly' believed to predict physical function in those with hip fracture (69 and 85.7 %, respectively). Respondents 'agreed' (range 53-73 %) that 10/18 diagnoses would predict changes in physical function following hip fracture treatment. Whereas, 63 % of the practitioners'strongly disagreed' that diabetes types I and II would change physical function scores. Furthermore, dementia was listed as an additional diagnosis that would affect physical function. CONCLUSION The FCI may provide a useful instrument to predict functional outcome after hip fracture; however, the index may need to be modified for this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hoang-Kim
- Institute of Medical Sciences, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street (193-6T Yonge Street), Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada,
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Eska K, Graessel E, Donath C, Schwarzkopf L, Lauterberg J, Holle R. Predictors of institutionalization of dementia patients in mild and moderate stages: a 4-year prospective analysis. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2013; 3:426-45. [PMID: 24348504 PMCID: PMC3843910 DOI: 10.1159/000355079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Institutionalization is the most important milestone in the care of dementia patients. This study was aimed at identifying relevant predictors of institutionalization in a broad empirical context and interpreting them on the basis of the predictor model proposed by Luppa et al. [Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2008;26:65-78]. Methods At the start of this study, 357 patients with mild to moderate dementia were examined by their general practitioners, and a telephone interview was conducted with their caregivers. Four years later, the outcomes ‘institutionalization’ and ‘death’ were determined from health insurance data. Forty-one variables were examined for their predictive influence by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Results The risk of institutionalization increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with older ages of patients [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.05] and caregivers (HR = 1.03), a higher educational level of the caregiver (HR = 1.83), greater use of community health services (HR = 1.59), greater caregiver burden (HR = 1.02), and when the caregiver and patient lived apart (HR = 1.97). Conclusion The results show that there is a multifactorial influence on institutionalization of dementia patients by sociodemographic, health-related, and psychological aspects as well as the care situation, thus validating the predictor model by Luppa et al. [Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2008;26:65-78]. Caregiver burden was found to be the strongest predictor accessible to interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Eska
- Center of Health Services Research in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elmar Graessel
- Center of Health Services Research in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Donath
- Center of Health Services Research in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Larissa Schwarzkopf
- German Research Center of Environmental Health, Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Joerg Lauterberg
- Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Rolf Holle
- German Research Center of Environmental Health, Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
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Sousa-Muñoz RLD, Ronconi DE, Dantas GC, Lucena DMSD, Silva IBA. Impacto de multimorbidade sobre mortalidade em idosos: estudo de coorte pós-hospitalização. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-98232013000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação entre comorbidades e risco de morte e reinternação em idosos após alta de enfermarias de clínica médica de um hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte de idosos que receberam alta do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley. Foram utilizados o Índice de Comorbidade de Charlson (ICC) e o ICC associado à idade (ICIC). O desfecho primário foi mortalidade pós-hospitalização e o secundário, ocorrência de reinternações. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhados 104 pacientes por 40,9±27,6 semanas; 31 (29,8%) morreram e 38 (36,5%) foram reinternados. A curva de sobrevida foi descendente com proporção acumulada de 50%. Óbito relacionou-se com idade (p=0,04), número de prescrições hospitalares (p=0,01), ICC (p=0,001) e ICIC (p=0,001). Não houve associação de ICC com reinternação. CONCLUSÕES: A gravidade das comorbidades em idosos relacionou-se com maior risco de morte pós-hospitalização. Salienta-se a necessidade de se disporem de dados de comorbidade para avaliar cuidados a essa clientela.
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The Community Connection Model: implementation of best evidence into practice for self-management of chronic diseases. Public Health 2013; 127:538-45. [PMID: 23701813 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With chronic diseases becoming an increasing burden for healthcare systems worldwide, self-management support has gained traction in many health regions and organizations. However, the real-world application of the findings from clinical trials into actual community programming is not self-evident. The aim of this study was to present a model of programme implementation, namely the Community Connection Model. METHODS The process of implementing a chronic disease self-management programme has been documented in detail from its initial inception through to a sustainable programme. This account includes a description of the strategic activities undertaken (e.g. alignment with local policy and the formation of community partnerships) and the specific steps taken on the path to programme implementation (e.g. a scoping literature review, an environmental scan and a pilot programme with an evaluation component). RESULTS Reflection on this case example suggests that a cognizance of the interactions between policy, partnership, planning and programme could act as a useful tool to guide programme implementation, evaluation and sustainability. RESULTS Multiple types of self-management support have been implemented (as part of the Living Health Champlain programme), and are being evaluated and adapted in response to new evidence, shifting priorities and direction from more partners. The widespread access means that self-management support programmes are becoming part of the culture of care in the study region. CONCLUSION Establishing a connection around an important health problem, ensuring active partnerships, adequate planning and early implementation of a programme grounded on the principles of applying best-available evidence can lead to successful solutions. The Community Connection Model is proposed as a way of conceptualizing these processes.
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Thomas JM, Cooney LM, Fried TR. Systematic review: Health-related characteristics of elderly hospitalized adults and nursing home residents associated with short-term mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61:902-911. [PMID: 23692412 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the domains of health-related characteristics of older hospitalized adults and nursing home residents most strongly associated with short-term mortality. DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING Studies published in English in MEDLINE, Scopus, or Web of Science before August 1, 2010. PARTICIPANTS Prospective studies consisting of persons aged 65 and older that evaluated the association between at least one health-related participant characteristic and mortality within a year in multivariable analysis. MEASUREMENTS All health-related characteristics associated with mortality in multivariable analysis were extracted and categorized into domains. The frequency, with all studies combined, with which particular domains were associated with mortality in multivariable analysis was determined. RESULTS Thirty-three studies (28 in hospitalized individuals, five in nursing home residents) reported a large number of characteristics associated with mortality that could be categorized in seven domains: cognitive function, disease diagnosis, laboratory values, nutrition, physical function, pressure ulcers, and shortness of breath. Measures of physical function and nutrition were the domains most frequently associated with mortality up to 1 year from the time of evaluation for hospitalized individuals and nursing home residents; measures of physical function, cognitive function, and nutrition were the domains most frequently associated with in-hospital mortality for hospitalized individuals. CONCLUSION Of a large number of health-related characteristics of older persons shown to be associated with short-term mortality, measures of nutrition, physical function, and cognitive function were the domains of health most frequently associated with mortality. These domains provide easily measurable factors that may serve as helpful markers for individuals at high mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Menn P, Holle R, Kunz S, Donath C, Lauterberg J, Leidl R, Marx P, Mehlig H, Ruckdäschel S, Vollmar HC, Wunder S, Gräßel E. Dementia care in the general practice setting: a cluster randomized trial on the effectiveness and cost impact of three management strategies. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2012; 15:851-859. [PMID: 22999135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare a complex nondrug intervention including actively approaching counseling and caregiver support groups with differing intensity against usual care with respect to time to institutionalization in patients with dementia. METHODS Within this three-armed cluster-randomized controlled trial, 390 community-dwelling patients aged 65 years or older with physician-diagnosed mild to moderate dementia and their caregivers were enrolled via 129 general practitioners in Middle Franconia, Germany. The intervention included general practitioners' training in dementia care and their recommendation of support groups and actively approaching caregiver counseling. Primary study end point was time to institutionalization over 2 years. In addition, long-term intervention effects were assessed over a time horizon of 4 years. Secondary end points included cognitive functioning, (instrumental) activities of daily living, burden of caregiving, and health-related quality of life after 2 years. Frailty models with strict intention-to-treat approach and mixed linear models were applied to account for cluster randomization. Health care costs were assessed from the societal perspective. RESULTS After 2 (4) years, 12% (24%) of the patients were institutionalized and another 21% (35%) died before institutionalization. No significant differences between study groups were observed with respect to time to institutionalization after 2 and 4 years (P 0.25 and 0.71, respectively). Secondary end points deteriorated, but differences were not significant between study groups. Almost 80% of the health care costs were due to informal care. Total annual costs amounted to more than €47,000 per patient and did not differ between study arms. CONCLUSION The intervention showed no effects on time to institutionalization and secondary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Menn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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The relationship between literacy and multimorbidity in a primary care setting. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2012; 13:33. [PMID: 22536833 PMCID: PMC3388951 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-13-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity is now acknowledged as a research priority in primary care. The identification of risk factors and people most at risk is an important step in guiding prevention and intervention strategies. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between literacy and multimorbidity while controlling for potential confounders. METHODS Participants were adult patients attending the family medicine clinic of a regional health centre in Saguenay (Quebec), Canada. Literacy was measured with the Newest Vital Sign (NVS). Multimorbidity was measured with the Disease Burden Morbidity Assessment (DBMA) by self-report. Information on potential confounders (age, sex, education and family income) was also collected. The association between literacy (independent variable) and multimorbidity was examined in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Two operational definitions of multimorbidity were used successively as the dependent variable; confounding variables were introduced into the model as potential predictors. RESULTS One hundred three patients (36 men) 19-83 years old were recruited; 41.8% had completed 12 years of school or less. Forty-seven percent of patients provided fewer than four correct answers on the NVS (possible low literacy) whereas 53% had four correct responses or more. Literacy and multimorbidity were associated in bivariate analyses (p < 0.01) but not in multivariate analyses, including age and family income. CONCLUSION This study suggests that there is no relationship between literacy and multimorbidity when controlling for age and family income.
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How to weight chronic diseases in multimorbidity indices? Development of a new method on the basis of individual data from five population-based studies. J Clin Epidemiol 2012; 65:679-85. [PMID: 22424984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In multimorbidity indices, chronic conditions are often weighted according to their severity or their impact on different outcomes. These weights are mostly developed on the basis of only one study population by using very specific study participants, such as hospital patients. To overcome the limited validity of the indices, mean weights across five population-based studies were calculated according to the impact of diseases on self-reported health status. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Individual data was provided from the National Health Interview and Examination Survey (n=1,010), Dortmund Health Study (n=281), Memory and Morbidity in Augsburg Elderly Study (n=385), Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe Study (n=1,278), and Study of Health in Pomerania Study (n=962). By using logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for reporting a fair or poor health status resulting from one of 10 different chronic conditions compared with a reference group without the specific disease, controlling for age and sex. If the results were homogenous across studies (I(2)<40%), significant pooled ORs were considered valid weights for a multimorbidity index. RESULTS Myocardial infarction has the highest impact on self-reported health status across studies with a pooled OR of 3.9, followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (pooled OR: 3.1). A medium impact was observed for arthrosis, asthma, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. CONCLUSION This method provided valid weights for seven chronic conditions.
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Fortin M, Steenbakkers K, Hudon C, Poitras ME, Almirall J, van den Akker M. The electronic Cumulative Illness Rating Scale: a reliable and valid tool to assess multi-morbidity in primary care. J Eval Clin Pract 2011; 17:1089-93. [PMID: 20586841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The presence of multiple concomitant diseases is an increasing health problem, and prompted by the limitations of the disease count, several indices measuring multi-morbidity or co-morbidity have been described to account for the overall burden of morbidity. The Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) is one of those indices. We developed an electronic version of the CIRS (eCIRS) to take advantage of computerized data processing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the eCIRS scored in a primary care setting. METHODS Two nurses interviewed 48 adult patients recruited during consecutive consultation periods in a primary care setting and scored the eCIRS in a random order during two sessions of data collection (T1 and T2) 1 month apart. We measured intra- and inter-rater reliability [intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)]. We also assessed concomitant validity [(Pearson's correlation (r)] using standard CIRS scored by the attending family doctors. RESULTS Intra-rater (ICC: 0.90 and 0.95) and inter-rater reliability (ICC: 0.86 and 0.91) were both excellent. No significant differences between the nurses' scores at T1 and T2 (P = 0.40 for nurse 1, P = 0.73 for nurse 2) were found. The eCIRSs scored by the nurses were highly correlated with the CIRSs scored by the doctors (r = 0.80 and 0.88). CONCLUSION Reliable and valid, the eCIRS completed during patient interviews with trained nurses can be used to quantify multi-morbidity in primary care, either for research or clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fortin
- Department of Family Medicine, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Diederichs C, Bartels DB, Berger K. The Importance Of A Standardized Instrument To Assess The Burden Of Multimorbidity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chong WF, Ding YY, Heng BH. A comparison of comorbidities obtained from hospital administrative data and medical charts in older patients with pneumonia. BMC Health Serv Res 2011; 11:105. [PMID: 21586172 PMCID: PMC3112394 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-11-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of comorbidities in risk adjustment for health outcomes research is frequently necessary to explain some of the observed variations. Medical charts reviews to obtain information on comorbidities is laborious. Increasingly, electronic health care databases have provided an alternative for health services researchers to obtain comorbidity information. However, the rates obtained from databases may be either over- or under-reported. This study aims to (a) quantify the agreement between administrative data and medical charts review across a set of comorbidities; and (b) examine the factors associated with under- or over-reporting of comorbidities by administrative data. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients aged 55 years and above, hospitalized for pneumonia at 3 acute care hospitals. Information on comorbidities were obtained from an electronic administrative database and compared with information from medical charts review. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors that were associated with under- or over-reporting of comorbidities by administrative data. Results The prevalence of almost all comorbidities obtained from administrative data was lower than that obtained from medical charts review. Agreement between comorbidities obtained from medical charts and administrative data ranged from poor to very strong (kappa 0.01 to 0.78). Factors associated with over-reporting of comorbidities were increased length of hospital stay, disease severity, and death in hospital. In contrast, those associated with under-reporting were number of comorbidities, age, and hospital admission in the previous 90 days. Conclusions The validity of using secondary diagnoses from administrative data as an alternative to medical charts for identification of comorbidities varies with the specific condition in question, and is influenced by factors such as age, number of comorbidities, hospital admission in the previous 90 days, severity of illness, length of hospitalization, and whether inhospital death occurred. These factors need to be taken into account when relying on administrative data for comorbidity information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Fung Chong
- Health Services and Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group, 6 Commonwealth Lane, #04-01/02 GMTI Building, Singapore 149547.
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Chi MJ, Lee CY, Wu SC. Multiple morbidity combinations impact on medical expenditures among older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2010; 52:e210-4. [PMID: 21131068 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the medical needs of patients who have different combinations of multiple chronic diseases in order to improve care strategy for chronic patients. This study was based on a national probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling to older adults over 50 years old. We collaborated the files of the 2000-2001 health insurance claims and selected 8 types of common chronic diseases among seniors, for the discussion of multiple combinations of chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, dementia, cancer, arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Among the NHI users, there are 50.6% of the cases suffering from at least one chronic disease, 27.3% suffering from two types of chronic diseases and above. From possible combinations of eight common chronic diseases, it is found hypertension has the highest prevalence rate (7.5%); arthritis ranks the next (6.2%); the combination of hypertension and heart disease ranks the third (3.4%). In the 22 types of major chronic disease clusters, the average total medical expense for people who have five or more chronic diseases ranks the highest, USD 4465; the combination of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and arthritis ranks the next, USD 2703; the combination of hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease ranks the third, USD 2550; cancer only ranks the fourth, USD 2487. Our study may provide statistical data concerning co-morbidity among older adults and their medical needs. Through our analysis, the major population that exhausts the medical resources may be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-ju Chi
- School of Geriatric Nursing and Care Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Marengoni A, Bonometti F, Nobili A, Tettamanti M, Salerno F, Corrao S, Iorio A, Marcucci M, Mannucci PM. In-hospital death and adverse clinical events in elderly patients according to disease clustering: the REPOSI study. Rejuvenation Res 2010; 13:469-77. [PMID: 20586646 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2009.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to recognize clusters of diseases among hospitalized elderly and to identify groups of patients at risk of in-hospital death and adverse clinical events according to disease clustering. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 38 internal medicine and geriatric wards in Italy participating in the Registro Politerapie SIMI (REPOSI) study during 2008. The subjects were 1,332 inpatients aged 65 years or older. Clusters of diseases (i.e., two or more co-occurrent diseases) were identified using the odds ratios (OR) for the associations between pairs of conditions, followed by cluster analysis. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effect of disease clusters on in-hospital death and adverse clinical events. RESULTS A total of 86.7% of the patients were discharged, 8.3% were transferred to another hospital unit, and 5.0% died during hospitalization; 36.4% of the patients had at least one adverse clinical event. Patients affected by the clusters, including heart failure (HF) and either chronic renal failure (CRF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, had a significant association with in-hospital death (OR, 4.3;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-11.5; OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1-8.3, respectively), as well as patients affected by CRF and anemia (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 2.3-16.2). The cluster including HF and CRF was also associated with adverse clinical events (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.5-7.8). The effect of both HF and CRF and anemia and CRF on in-hospital death was additive. CONCLUSION Several groups of older patients at risk of in-hospital death and adverse clinical events were identified according to disease clustering. Knowledge of the relationship among co-occurring diseases may help developing strategies to improve clinical practice and preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marengoni
- Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine I, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Goins RT, Pilkerton CS. Comorbidity among older American Indians: the native elder care study. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2010; 25:343-54. [PMID: 20532973 PMCID: PMC3072045 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-010-9119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidity is a growing challenge and the older adult population is most at risk of developing comorbid conditions. Comorbidity is associated with increased risk of mortality, increased hospitalizations, increased doctor visits, increased prescription medications, nursing home placement, poorer mental health, and physical disability. American Indians experience some of the highest rates of chronic conditions, but to date there have been only two published studies on the subject of comorbidity in this population. With a community-based sample of 505 American Indians aged 55 years or older, this study identified the most prevalent chronic conditions, described comorbidity, and identified socio-demographic, functional limitations, and psychosocial correlates of comorbidity. Results indicated that older American Indians experience higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, back pain, and vision loss compared to national statistics of older adults. Two-thirds of the sample experienced some degree of comorbidity according to the scale used. Older age, poorer physical functioning, more depressive symptomatology, and lower personal mastery were all correlates of higher comorbidity scores. Despite medical advances increasing life expectancy, morbidity and mortality statistics suggest that the health of older American Indians lags behind the majority population. These findings highlight the importance of supporting chronic care and management services for the older American Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Turner Goins
- Department of Community Medicine, Center on Aging, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9127, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Diederichs C, Berger K, Bartels DB. The measurement of multiple chronic diseases--a systematic review on existing multimorbidity indices. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 66:301-11. [PMID: 21112963 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity, defined as the coexistence of 2 or more chronic diseases, is a common phenomenon especially in older people. Numerous efforts to establish a standardized instrument to assess the level of multimorbidity have failed until now, and indices are primarily characterized by their high heterogeneity. Thus, the objective is to provide a comprehensive overview on existing instruments on the basis of a systematic literature review. METHODS The review was performed in MedLine. All articles published between January 1, 1960 and August 31, 2009 in German or English language, with the primary focus either on the development of a weighted index or on the effect of multimorbidity on different outcomes, were identified. RESULTS A total of 39 articles met the inclusion criteria. In the majority of studies (59.0%), the list of included diseases was presented without any selection criteria. Only the high prevalence of diseases (17.9%), their impact on mortality, function, and health status served as a point of reference. Information on the prevalence of chronic conditions mostly rely on self-reports. On average, the 39 indices included 18.5 diseases, ranging between 4 and 102 different conditions. Most frequently mentioned diseases were diabetes mellitus (in 97.5% of indices), followed by stroke (89.7%), hypertension, and cancer (each 84.6%). Overall, three different weighting methods could be distinguished. CONCLUSIONS The systematic literature further emphasis the heterogeneity of existing multimorbidity indices. However, one important similarity is that the focus is on diseases with a high prevalence and a severe impact on affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Diederichs
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Domagkstrasse 3, 48148 Münster, Germany.
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Fortin M, Hudon C, Gallagher F, Ntetu AL, Maltais D, Soubhi H. Nurses joining family doctors in primary care practices: perceptions of patients with multimorbidity. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2010; 11:84. [PMID: 21050443 PMCID: PMC2987912 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-11-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the strategies used to reform primary care, the participation of nurses in primary care practices appears to offer a promising avenue to better meet the needs of vulnerable patients. The present study explores the perceptions and expectations of patients with multimorbidity regarding nurses' presence in primary care practices. METHODS 18 primary (health) care patients with multimorbidity participated in semi-directed interviews, in order to explore their perceptions and expectations in regard to the involvement of nurses in primary care practices. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. After reviewing the transcripts, the principal investigator and research assistants performed thematic analysis independently and reached consensus on the retained themes. RESULTS Patients with multimorbidity were open to the participation of nurses in primary care practices. They expected greater accessibility, for both themselves and for new patients. However, the issue of shared roles between nurses and doctors was a source of concern. Many patients held the traditional view of the nurse's role as an assistant to the doctor in his or her various duties. In general, participants said they were confident about nurses' competency but expressed concern about nurses performing certain acts that their doctor used to, notwithstanding a close collaboration between the two professionals. CONCLUSION Patients with multimorbidity are open to the involvement of nurses in primary care practices. However, they expect this participation to be established using clear definitions of professional roles and fields of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fortin
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Catherine Hudon
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Frances Gallagher
- School of Nursing Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Antoine L Ntetu
- Department of Humanities, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Canada
| | - Danielle Maltais
- Department of Humanities, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Canada
| | - Hassan Soubhi
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Landi F, Liperoti R, Russo A, Capoluongo E, Barillaro C, Pahor M, Bernabei R, Onder G. Disability, more than multimorbidity, was predictive of mortality among older persons aged 80 years and older. J Clin Epidemiol 2010; 63:752-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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[Comorbidity in the elderly: utility and validity of assessment tools]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2010; 45:219-28. [PMID: 20488585 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidity is common in the elderly and contributes to the complexity of this population subgroup. This problem is a risk factor for major adverse events such as functional decline, disability, dependency, poor quality-of-life, institutionalization, hospitalization and death, but is not the most important factor. Age and risk of functional decline rather than comorbidity (understood as a compilation of diseases) are the main characteristics defining the target population attended by geriatricians. Comorbidity indexes should not be interpreted independently in the elderly, but within a context of comprehensive geriatric assessment that includes age-related preclinical dysfunctions, frailty measures, and functional, mental and psychosocial issues. The clinical management of comorbidity in the elderly requires advanced knowledge of geriatrics because the treatment of one condition may worsen or lead to the development of others and because preclinical physiological dysfunctions modulate drug response. Recommending a specific comorbidity index is difficult and depends on multiple factors, due to their psychometric characteristics, applicability in the elderly and their construct. However, the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, in the version adapted to the elderly, could be highly suitable. Other instruments, such as the Charlson index, the Index of CoExistent Disease and the Kaplan index are also valid and reproducible.
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Soubhi H, Bayliss EA, Fortin M, Hudon C, van den Akker M, Thivierge R, Posel N, Fleiszer D. Learning and caring in communities of practice: using relationships and collective learning to improve primary care for patients with multimorbidity. Ann Fam Med 2010; 8:170-7. [PMID: 20212304 PMCID: PMC2834724 DOI: 10.1370/afm.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a primary care practice model for caring for patients with multimorbidity. Primary care for these patients requires flexibility and ongoing coordination, and it often must be tailored to individual circumstances. Such complex and flexible care could be accomplished within communities of practice, whose participants are willing to learn from their shared practice, further each other's goals, share their stories of success and failure, and promote the continued evolution of collective learning. Primary care in these communities would be conceived as a complex adaptive process in which the participants use an iterative approach to care improvement that integrates what they learn and do collectively over time. Clinicians in these communities would define common goals, cocreate care plans, and engage in reflective case-based learning. As community members manage their knowledge, gain insights, and develop new care strategies, they can improve care for patients with multiple conditions. Using a mix of methods, future research should explore the conditions that are necessary for collective learning within communities of clinicians who care for patients with multimorbidity and who develop new knowledge in practice. By understanding these conditions, we can foster the development of collective learning and improve primary care for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Soubhi
- Family Medicine Unit, University of Sherbrooke, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada.
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Analysis of multimorbidity in individual elderly nursing home residents. Development of a multimorbidity matrix. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 49:413-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fernández Del Campo R, Lozares Sánchez A, Moreno Salcedo J, Lozano Martínez JI, Amigo Bonjoch R, Jiménez Hernández PA, Sánchez Espinosa J, Sarrías Lorenzo JA, Roldán Ortega R. [Age as predictive factor of mortality in an intensive and intermediate care unit]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2009; 43:214-20. [PMID: 18682142 DOI: 10.1016/s0211-139x(08)71185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age by itself is not a criterion of biological prognosis. Scores for physiological variables on admission and multiorgan failure are better predictors of mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective/ prospective observational study from September, 2005 to May, 2007. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Classification System (APACHE) II, modified APACHE II score (without the variable of age), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, length of hospital stay, type of disease and mortality, limitation of therapeutic effort (LTE), Katz index on admission, intensive and intermediate care unit (IICU) mortality and in-hospital mortality. Student's t-test was used to analyze continuous variables. RESULTS Of the 572 patients admitted to the IICU, we excluded 75 due to transfer to other hospitals, 142 due to direct admission to intermediate care, and 89 due to acute coronary syndrome. Of the 266 remaining patients with medical disease, mortality was higher when the APACHE II score was > 20 (OR = 9.4) and/or the SOFA score was >4 (OR = 15.41) but not when age was 3 76 years (OR = 2.04). Multivariate analysis of these parameters revealed higher mortality in the IICU (P=.01) in patients with a SOFA score > 4 and modified APACHE II score >16, independently of age or the Katz index. In addition to the SOFA and the APACHE II scores, in-hospital mortality was significantly influenced by the Katz index (P=.05). LTE was significantly greater in patients with a Katz index E-G. CONCLUSIONS Higher SOFA and APACHE II scores predicted higher IICU mortality, regardless of age. LTE was more frequent in patients with a greater degree of dependence.
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Derivation and validation of a mortality-risk index from a cohort of frail elderly patients hospitalised in medical wards via emergencies: the SAFES study. Eur J Epidemiol 2008; 23:783-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-008-9290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Patient adherence to treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is essential to optimise disease management. As with other chronic diseases, poor adherence is common and results in increased rates of morbidity, healthcare expenditures, hospitalisations and possibly mortality, as well as unnecessary escalation of therapy and reduced quality of life. Examples include overuse, underuse, and alteration of schedule and doses of medication, continued smoking and lack of exercise. Adherence is affected by patients' perception of their disease, type of treatment or medication, the quality of patient provider communication and the social environment. Patients are more likely to adhere to treatment when they believe it will improve disease management or control, or anticipate serious consequences related to non-adherence. Providers play a critical role in helping patients understand the nature of the disease, potential benefits of treatment, addressing concerns regarding potential adverse effects and events, and encouraging patients to develop self-management skills. For clinicians, it is important to explore patients' beliefs and concerns about the safety and benefits of the treatment, as many patients harbour unspoken fears. Complex regimens and polytherapy also contribute to suboptimal adherence. This review addresses adherence related issues in COPD, assesses current efforts to improve adherence and highlights opportunities to improve adherence for both providers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bourbeau
- Montréal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Centre, 3650 St Urbain, Office K1.30, Montréal, Québec.
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Astell AJ, Clark SA, Hartley NT. Predictors of discharge destination for 234 patients admitted to a combined geriatric medicine/old age psychiatry unit. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 23:903-8. [PMID: 18338335 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the factors that predicted discharge destinations of all patients admitted to a combined geriatric medicine/old age psychiatry unit over a 4-year period. METHOD Data regarding discharge destinations, active medical problems and demographics of 234 patients admitted to the unit were analysed using non-parametric bivariate correlation and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Independence for activities of daily living (ADL) was the key predictor of discharge destination. In combination with the number of active medical problems and dementia severity, independence for activities of daily living (ADL) defined three distinct groups: patients discharged home, patients discharged to a nursing home and patients who died in hospital. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that although the key precipitants of admission to joint geriatric medicine/old age psychiatric care are behavioural and psychiatric, these factors are intercurrent, can be successfully treated in an appropriate environment, and do not play a major role in determining discharge outcome. These findings confirm the broad spectrum of need among older patients admitted to acute medical care identified in previous research and support the case for specialised joint provision to address their physical and mental health needs.
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Gray LC, Bernabei R, Berg K, Finne-Soveri H, Fries BE, Hirdes JP, Jónsson PV, Morris JN, Steel K, Ariño-Blasco S. Standardizing assessment of elderly people in acute care: the interRAI Acute Care instrument. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56:536-41. [PMID: 18179498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the frequency distributions and interrater reliability of individual items of the interRAI Acute Care instrument. DESIGN Observational study of a representative sample of older inpatients; duplicate assessments conducted on a subsample by independent assessors to examine interrater reliability. SETTING Acute medical, acute geriatric and orthopedic units in 13 hospitals in nine countries. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred thirty-three patients aged 70 and older (mean age 82.4, range 70-102) with an anticipated stay of 48 hours or longer of whom 161 received duplicate assessments. MEASUREMENTS Sixty-two clinical items across 11 domains. Premorbid (3-day observation period before onset of the acute illness) and admission (the first 24 hours of hospital stay) assessments were conducted. RESULTS The frequency of deficits exceeded 30% for most items, ranging from 1% for physically abusive behavior to 86% for the need for support in activities of daily living after discharge. Common deficits were in cognitive skills for daily decision-making (38% premorbid, 54% at admission), personal hygiene (37%, 65%), and walking (39%, 71%). Interrater reliability was substantial in the premorbid period (average kappa=0.61) and admission period (average kappa=0.66). Of the 69 items tested, less than moderate agreement (kappa<0.4) was recorded for six (9%), moderate agreement (kappa=0.41-0.6) for 14 (20%), substantial agreement (kappa=0.61-0.8) for 40 (58%), and almost perfect agreement (kappa>0.8) for nine (13%). CONCLUSION Initial assessment of the psychometric properties of the interRAI Acute Care instrument provided evidence that item selection and interrater reliability are appropriate for clinical application. Further studies are required to examine the validity of embedded scales, diagnostic algorithms, and clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Len C Gray
- Academic Unit in Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Nardi R, Scanelli G, Corrao S, Iori I, Mathieu G, Cataldi Amatrian R. Co-morbidity does not reflect complexity in internal medicine patients. Eur J Intern Med 2007; 18:359-68. [PMID: 17693224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Internal medicine patients are mostly elderly; they have multiple co-morbidities, which are usually chronic, rather than self-limiting or acute diseases. Neither administrative indicators nor co-morbidity indexes, though validated in elderly patients, are able to completely define these "complex" patients or to allow physicians to correctly "cope" with them. For the complex patients found in internal medicine wards, internists need not only to find the best diagnosis and treatment, but also to apply a complex intervention (i.e., a comprehensive assessment and both continuous and multi-disciplinary care) in order to maintain their health and ability to function and to prevent or delay disability, frailty, and displacement from home and community. The aim of this review is to underscore the differences between the concepts of co-morbidity and complexity, to discuss instruments for their measurement, and to highlight related implications, areas of uncertainty, and the responsibilities of internists in the assessment and management of inpatients of their wards. The conclusion we come to is that it is mandatory to shift from a finance/administrative-based management system to a clinical process model (clinical governance) driven by the quality of the medical outcome and the cost of achieving that outcome. From a "complexity theory" standpoint, patient-centered care and collaboration can be seen as simple rules that guide desirable behaviors in a complex system. By exploring the real complexity of our patients, we exercise the holistic, anthropologic medicine of the person that is internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Nardi
- U.O.C. di Medicina Interna-Azienda USL di Bologna, Ospedale G. Dossetti di Bazzano, Italy
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