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Sola D, Artigas R, Mediano DR, Zaragoza P, Badiola JJ, Martín-Burriel I, Acín C. Novel polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP) and stability of the resultant prion protein in different horse breeds. Vet Res 2023; 54:94. [PMID: 37848924 PMCID: PMC10583458 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders in which the main pathogenic event is the conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into an abnormal and misfolded isoform known as PrPSc. Most prion diseases and their susceptibility and pathogenesis are mainly modulated by the PRNP gene that codes for PrP. Mutations and polymorphisms in the PRNP gene can alter PrPC amino acid sequence, leading to a change in transmission efficiency depending on the place where it occurs. Horses are animals that are considered to be highly resistant to prions. Several studies have attempted to identify polymorphisms in the PRNP gene that explain the reason for this high resistance. In this study, we have analysed 207 horses from 20 different breeds, discovering 3 novel PRNP polymorphisms. By using computer programmes such as PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, PANTHER, Meta-SNP and PredictSNP, we have predicted the possible impact that these new polymorphisms would have on the horse prion protein. In addition, we measured the propensity for amyloid aggregation using AMYCO and analysed the lack of hydrogen bridges that these changes would entail together with their electrostatic potentials using Swiss-PdbViewer software, showing that an increased amyloid propensity could be due to changes at the level of electrostatic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sola
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Rody Artigas
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Unidad Académica de Genética Y Mejora Animal, Universidad de La República, Ruta 8 Km18, 13000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego R Mediano
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics (LAGENBIO), Faculty of Veterinary, Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics (LAGENBIO), Faculty of Veterinary, Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Badiola
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Martín-Burriel
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics (LAGENBIO), Faculty of Veterinary, Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Acín
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
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Gurram S, Holla VV, Sharma P, Kamble N, Saini J, Netravathi M, Yadav R, Pal PK. Spectrum and Pattern of Movement Disorders in Patients with Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2023; 13:14. [PMID: 37152622 PMCID: PMC10162196 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare neuro degenerative disease that is mainly characterized by rapidly progressive dementia along with a varying combination of myoclonus, visual, cerebellar, pyramidal/extrapyramidal and akinetic mutism. Several movement disorders phenomenologies can occurs either at onset, as presenting symptom or during the course of illness. Present study aims to characterize the clinical, radiological features and the outcome of patients with CJD with movement disorders as the forthcoming manifestation. Methods Chart review of patients with CJD with movement disorders. Demographic, clinical and radiological details of the patients were reviewed. Results 25 patients (13 males) of sCJD with median age at presentation of 58 years and median duration of illness of 5 months were included in the study. According to revised CDC diagnostic criteria 1 patient was classified as definite sCJD, 20 as probable and 2 as possible CJD. Myoclonus, ataxia and parkinsonism were the most common movement disorder and chorea was the least common. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain was performed in all and basal ganglia abnormality and cortical ribboning was seen in more than two-third of cases. Electroencephalographic abnormality was noted in 21 patients with triphasic waves and periodic sharp waves seen in 7 and 6 patients respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 assay was abnormal in 2 out of 4 patients. Atypical presentations were noted in the form of ataxic presentation, CBS like presentation and choreiform presentation. Conclusion Myoclonus, ataxia and parkinsonism are the most frequent movement disorders phenomenology observed in patients with sCJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gurram
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru-560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram V. Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru-560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru-560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru-560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru-560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath Netravathi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru-560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru-560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru-560029, Karnataka, India
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Castelli A, Placidi F, Bonomi CG, Di Giuliano F, Martorana A, Pizzicannella G, Liguori C, Manfredi N, Mari L, Pagano A, Bramato V, Mercuri NB, Izzi F. Periodic sharp wave complexes identify a distinctive phenotype in Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 143:124-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Histotype-Dependent Oligodendroglial PrP Pathology in Sporadic CJD: A Frequent Feature of the M2C "Strain". Viruses 2021; 13:v13091796. [PMID: 34578377 PMCID: PMC8473396 DOI: 10.3390/v13091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, molecular subtypes are neuropathologically well identified by the lesioning profile and the immunohistochemical PrPd deposition pattern in the grey matter (histotypes). While astrocytic PrP pathology has been reported in variant CJD and some less frequent histotypes (e.g., MV2K), oligodendroglial pathology has been rarely addressed. We assessed a series of sCJD cases with the aim to identify particular histotypes that could be more prone to harbor oligodendroglial PrPd. Particularly, the MM2C phenotype, in both its more “pure” and its mixed MM1+2C or MV2K+2C forms, showed more frequent oligodendroglial PrP pathology in the underlying white matter than the more common MM1/MV1 and VV2 histotypes, and was more abundant in patients with a longer disease duration. We concluded that the MM2C strain was particularly prone to accumulate PrPd in white matter oligodendrocytes.
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Flønes IH, Ricken G, Klotz S, Lang A, Ströbel T, Dölle C, Kovacs GG, Tzoulis C. Mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency correlates with the severity of neuropathology in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:50. [PMID: 32299489 PMCID: PMC7160955 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases but remains largely unexplored in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Here, we characterize the mitochondrial respiratory chain at the individual neuron level in the MM1 and VV2 common molecular subtypes of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Moreover, we investigate the associations between the mitochondrial respiratory chain and neuropathological markers of the disease.Brain tissue from individuals with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and age-matched controls were obtained from the brain collection of the Austrian Creutzfeldt-Jakob Surveillance. The mitochondrial respiratory chain was studied through a dichotomous approach of immunoreactivities in the temporal cortex and the hippocampal subregions of CA4 and CA3.We show that profound deficiency of all mitochondrial respiratory complexes (I-V) occurs in neurons of the severely affected temporal cortex of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This deficiency correlates strongly with the severity of neuropathological changes, including vacuolation of the neuropil, gliosis and disease associated prion protein load. Respiratory chain deficiency is less pronounced in hippocampal CA4 and CA3 regions compared to the temporal cortex. In both areas respiratory chain deficiency shows a predilection for the MM1 molecular subtype of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.Our findings indicate that aberrant mitochondrial respiration could be involved early in the pathogenesis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and contributes to neuronal death, most likely via ATP depletion. Based on these results, we propose that the restricted MRI diffusion profile seen in the brain of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease might reflect cytotoxic changes due to neuronal respiratory chain failure and ATP loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene H Flønes
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gerda Ricken
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Klotz
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Lang
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Ströbel
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Dölle
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
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Fernández-Vega I, Díaz-Lucena D, Azkune Calle I, Geijo M, Juste RA, Llorens F, Vicente Etxenausia I, Santos-Juanes J, Zarranz Imirizaldu JJ, Ferrer I. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with glial PrP Res nuclear and perinuclear immunoreactivity. Neuropathology 2018; 38:561-567. [PMID: 30123962 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrPRes ) nuclear and perinuclear immunoreactivity in oligodendrocytes of the frontal cortex is found in one case of otherwise typical sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) type VV2a. The PrP nature of the inclusions is validated with several anti-PrP antibodies directed to amino acids 130-160 (12F10), 109-112 (3F4), 97-102 (8G8) and the octarepeat region (amino acids 59-89: SAF32). Cellular identification and subcellular localization were evaluated with double- and triple-labeling immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy using antibodies against PrP, glial markers, and histone H3. Based on review of the literature and our own experience, this is a very odd situation that deserves further validation in other cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fernández-Vega
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria, Spain.,Brain Bank Hospital Universitario Araba, Biobanco Vasco para la Investigación (O+eHun), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Daniela Díaz-Lucena
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Maria Geijo
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Spain
| | - Franc Llorens
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ikerne Vicente Etxenausia
- Brain Bank Hospital Universitario Araba, Biobanco Vasco para la Investigación (O+eHun), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jorge Santos-Juanes
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Isidro Ferrer
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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7
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Shi Q, Xiao K, Chen C, Zhou W, Gao C, Wang J, Zhang BY, Wang Y, Dong XP. Clinical and laboratory features of 14 young Chinese probable sCJD patients. Prion 2017; 11:128-135. [PMID: 28278113 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2017.1287656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) occurs frequently in the relatively older population, mainly in the groups of 60-69 and 70-79 year-old. Since 2006 when China performed national CJD surveillance, 14 young probable sCJD patients below 40 year-old were identified, counting for 1.93% of all probable sCJD cases. The clinical features of young probable sCJD cases, including the onset feature, the presence of sCJD-associated signs and the clinical duration, are indistinguishable from those of older patients. Special sCJD-associated abnormalities on EEG and MRI were noticed in 7 and 10 cases. CSF 14-3-3 was positive in 7 cases. CSF RT-QuIC showed positive reactive curves in 9 cases, with short lag phases. PRNP sequencing did not find any mutation. Due to low rate of brain autopsy in China, performances of other CJD-associated examinations as much as possible are extremely important for the distinguish diagnosis of young probable sCJD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China
| | - Kang Xiao
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China
| | - Cao Chen
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China
| | - Chen Gao
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China
| | - Jing Wang
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China
| | - Bao-Yun Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China
| | - Yuan Wang
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China
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Llorens F, Kruse N, Schmitz M, Gotzmann N, Golanska E, Thüne K, Zejneli O, Kanata E, Knipper T, Cramm M, Lange P, Zafar S, Sikorska B, Liberski PP, Mitrova E, Varges D, Schmidt C, Sklaviadis T, Mollenhauer B, Zerr I. Evaluation of α‐synuclein as a novel cerebrospinal fluid biomarker in different forms of prion diseases. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 13:710-719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franc Llorens
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Niels Kruse
- Institute for Neuropathology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Nadine Gotzmann
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Ewa Golanska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Katrin Thüne
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Orgeta Zejneli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eirini Kanata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Tobias Knipper
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Maria Cramm
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Peter Lange
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
| | - Beata Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Pawel P. Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Eva Mitrova
- Department of Prion Diseases Slovak Medical University Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Daniela Varges
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Theodoros Sklaviadis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Institute for Neuropathology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Paracelsus‐Elena Klinik Center for Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders Kassel Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Göttingen Germany
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Proteomic patterns associated with heterosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:908-15. [PMID: 26721744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heterosis is characterized by higher seed yields, plant biomass or other traits in heterozygotes or hybrids compared with their genetically divergent parents, which are often homozygous. Despite extensive investigation of heterosis and its wide application in crops such as maize, rice, wheat and sorghum, its molecular basis is still enigmatic. In the past century, some pioneers have proposed multigene models referring to the complementation of allelic and gene expression variation, which is likely to be an important contributor to heterosis. In addition, there are potential interactions of epigenetic variation involved in heterosis via novel mechanisms. At the level of gene expression, many recent studies have revealed that the heterosis phenomenon can be deciphered not only at the transcriptional level but also at the proteomic level. This review presents an update on the information supporting the involvement of proteomic patterns in heterosis and a possible future direction of the field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Intraneuronal immunoreactivity for the prion protein distinguishes a subset of E200K genetic from sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:223-32. [PMID: 22318125 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e318248aa70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported widespread intraneuronal prion protein (PrP) immunoreactivity in genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) associated with the E200K mutation. Here, we evaluated 6 cases ofsporadic CJD MM type 1, 5 MV type 2, and 7 VV type 2 and compared their anatomical appearance with that of 29 E200K genetic CJD (gCJD) cases. We also performed double immunolabeling for ubiquitin, p62, early endosomal marker rab5, and immunogold electronmicroscopy in 3 cases. We identified 4 morphological types of intraneuronal PrP immunoreactivity: one type, defined as multiple globular structures, was significantly associated with a subset of E200K gCJD cases and was distinct from the intraneuronal small dotlike PrP immunoreactivity seen in sporadic CJD. Whereas the latter colocalized with rab5, there were single large (7.5 μm-15 μm) globular inclusion body-like structures detected predominantly but not exclusively in E200K gCJD; these were immunoreactive in part for ubiquitin and p62 and showed focal γ-tubulin immunoreactivity, suggesting aggresome features. Ultrastructural examination using immunogold revealed PrP localization in aggresome-like structures and in autophagic vacuoles. These findings suggest that the permanent production of mutant PrP in the E200K gCJD cases overwhelms the ubiquitin-proteasome system and shifts the balance toward selectivemacroautophagy and/or to ubiquitinated inclusion body and aggresome formation as a cytoprotective effort to sequester the mutant protein.
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Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are inevitably lethal neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and a large variety of animals. The infectious agent responsible for TSEs is the prion, an abnormally folded and aggregated protein that propagates itself by imposing its conformation onto the cellular prion protein (PrPC) of the host. PrPCis necessary for prion replication and for prion-induced neurodegeneration, yet the proximal causes of neuronal injury and death are still poorly understood. Prion toxicity may arise from the interference with the normal function of PrPC, and therefore, understanding the physiological role of PrPCmay help to clarify the mechanism underlying prion diseases. Here we discuss the evolution of the prion concept and how prion-like mechanisms may apply to other protein aggregation diseases. We describe the clinical and the pathological features of the prion diseases in human and animals, the events occurring during neuroinvasion, and the possible scenarios underlying brain damage. Finally, we discuss potential antiprion therapies and current developments in the realm of prion diagnostics.
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Protein-Based Neuropathology and Molecular Classification of Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. PROTEIN FOLDING AND MISFOLDING: NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9434-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nadifi S, Slassi I, Hachimi KME, Gazzaz B, Bellayou H, Raddaoui K, Laplanche JL. The normal distribution of PRNP codon 129 polymorphism in the Moroccan population (Arabs and Casablanca residents). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 56:133-6. [PMID: 18191917 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The common prion protein gene (PRNP) codon 129 polymorphism is a strong susceptibility factor for human prion diseases. In this study, we examined the allelic variation of methionine and valine at codon 129 in 147 subjects representing the normal Moroccan population. The sharing of the genotype was 57.1% for Methionine-Methionine (MM), 36% for Methionine-Valine (MV), and 6, 8% for Valine-Valine (VV). These results are indeed intermediate between those discovered at the European and Asian populations. However, and for a better assessment of the risk to develop prion diseases in the Moroccan population, the survey of the frequency of the codon 219 polymorphism is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nadifi
- Genetic and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Medical School, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
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Bergström AL, Chabry J, Bastholm L, Heegaard PMH. Oxidation reduces the fibrillation but not the neurotoxicity of the prion peptide PrP106-126. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:1118-27. [PMID: 17707142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that soluble oligomers of misfolded protein may play a role in the pathogenesis of protein misfolding diseases including the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) where the protein involved is the prion protein, PrP. The effect of oxidation on fibrillation tendency and neurotoxicity of different molecular variants of the prion peptide PrP106-126 was investigated. It was found that methionine oxidation significantly reduced amyloid fibril formation and proteinase K resistance, but it did not reduce (but rather increase slightly) the neurotoxicity of the peptides in vivo (electroretinography after intraocular injections in mice) and in vitro (in primary neuronal cultures). We furthermore found that the bovine variant of PrP106-126, containing only one methionine residue, showed both reduced fibril forming capacity and in vivo and in vitro neurotoxicity. The findings imply (I) that there is not a simple relation between the formation of amyloid fibrils and neurotoxicity of PrP106-126 derived peptides, (II) that putative, soluble, non-amyloid protofibrils, presumed to be present in increased proportions in oxidized PrP106-126, could play a role in the pathogenesis of TSE and III) that the number of methionine residues in the PrP106-126 peptide seems to have a pivotal role in determining the physical and biological properties of PrP106-126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Louise Bergström
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
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15
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Saetta AA, Michalopoulos NV, Malamis G, Papanastasiou PI, Mazmanian N, Karlou M, Kouzoupis A, Korkolopoulou P, Patsouris E. Analysis of PRNP gene codon 129 polymorphism in the Greek population. Eur J Epidemiol 2007; 21:211-5. [PMID: 16547836 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-006-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal transmissible neurodegenerative prion disease with a rapid progression comprising familial, sporadic, iatrogenic and variant forms. A polymorphism at codon 129 of PRNP gene has been implicated in the development of variant CJD. We examined Met/Val allele frequencies and the genotype distribution, with respect to the polymorphic codon 129 of PRNP gene in 348 healthy individuals from the region of Athens, Greece. The following genotype frequencies were observed in the Greek population: Met/Met 50%, Met/Val 39% and Val/Val 11%. The presence of the Methionine allele frequencies in various European populations, according to the published data, increases gradually from northwestern to southeastern countries, implying the presence of a cline. The distribution of genotypes of Met homozygotes displays random declination across the 10 compared populations. The observed higher frequency of Met homozygotes at codon 129 does not necessarily suggest that these populations are at increased risk of developing CJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica A Saetta
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., GR-115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece.
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16
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de Pedro-Cuesta J, Glatzel M, Almazán J, Stoeck K, Mellina V, Puopolo M, Pocchiari M, Zerr I, Kretszchmar HA, Brandel JP, Delasnerie-Lauprêtre N, Alpérovitch A, Van Duijn C, Sanchez-Juan P, Collins S, Lewis V, Jansen GH, Coulthart MB, Gelpi E, Budka H, Mitrova E. Human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in eleven countries: diagnostic pattern across time, 1993-2002. BMC Public Health 2006; 6:278. [PMID: 17096829 PMCID: PMC1665456 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to describe the diagnostic panorama of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies across 11 countries. METHODS From data collected for surveillance purposes, we describe annual proportions of deaths due to different human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in eleven EUROCJD-consortium countries over the period 1993-2002, as well as variations in the use of diagnostic tests. Using logistic models we quantified international differences and changes across time. RESULTS In general, pre-mortem use of diagnostic investigations increased with time. International differences in pathological confirmation of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, stable over time, were evident. Compared to their counterparts, some countries displayed remarkable patterns, such as: 1) the high proportion, increasing with time, of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United Kingdom, (OR 607.99 95% CI 84.72-4363.40), and France (OR 18.35, 95% CI 2.20-152.83); 2) high, decreasing proportions of iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France, (OR 5.81 95% CI 4.09-8.24), and the United Kingdom, (OR 1.54 95% CI 1.03-2.30); and, 3) high and stable ratios of genetic forms in Slovakia (OR 21.82 95% CI 12.42-38.33) and Italy (OR 2.12 95% CI 1.69-2.68). CONCLUSION Considerable international variation in aetiological subtypes of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies was evident over the observation period. With the exception of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France and the United Kingdom, these differences persisted across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús de Pedro-Cuesta
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Departamento de Epidemiologia Aplicada, Calle Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Tahiri-Alaoui A, Sim VL, Caughey B, James W. Molecular heterosis of prion protein beta-oligomers. A potential mechanism of human resistance to disease. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:34171-8. [PMID: 16980300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606606200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding prion protein is polymorphic in human populations, with over 40% of native Europeans, for example, being heterozygous for the Met-129 and Val-129 alleles. The polymorphism affects both the incidence and the clinical presentation of a range of prion diseases, with heterozygotes generally showing the highest levels of resistance. It has been suggested that an earlier epidemic of prion diseases exerted balancing selection on the two alleles, and we have previously demonstrated that the two encoded proteins have potentially compensating tendencies to form amyloid and soluble beta-oligomers, respectively, in vitro. More strikingly, here we demonstrate that mixed oligomers, composed of both allelic forms, show an extreme sluggishness in converting to amyloid in comparison with oligomers homogenous for either allele. It may be that this example of molecular heterosis in vitro provides the basis for maintenance of the polymorphism in the population and that beta-oligomers represent a form of PrP sequestered from pathogenic amyloid formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad Tahiri-Alaoui
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
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18
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Georgsson G, Tryggvason T, Jonasdottir AD, Gudmundsson S, Thorgeirsdottir S. Polymorphism of PRNP codons in the normal Icelandic population. Acta Neurol Scand 2006; 113:419-25. [PMID: 16674609 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymorphisms in the prion protein gene in humans influence susceptibility to, and phenotype of, prion diseases. Methionine-methionine (MM) homozygosity at codon 129 is a risk factor for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Polymorphism at codon 117 and changes in the octapeptide repeat region have been associated with genetic CJD. Knowledge of genetic background in normal populations may contribute to better understanding of prion diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polymorphism at codon 129, codon 117 and deletions of octapetide repeats were studied in 208 healthy blood donors of both genders and of different age. RESULTS Polymorphism at codon 129 was: MM 46.6%, methionine-valine 44.7%, valine-valine 8.7%. Polymorphism at codon 117 was observed in 4.8%. Deletions of octapeptide repeats were not detected. There were no gender or age differences in the distribution of codon 129 polymorphism. The frequency of codon 129 polymorphisms was, with one exception, not significantly different from that observed elsewhere in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Georgsson
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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19
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Kovács GG, Head MW, Hegyi I, Bunn TJ, Flicker H, Hainfellner JA, McCardle L, László L, Jarius C, Ironside JW, Budka H. Immunohistochemistry for the prion protein: comparison of different monoclonal antibodies in human prion disease subtypes. Brain Pathol 2006; 12:1-11. [PMID: 11770893 PMCID: PMC8095765 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Demonstration of the abnormal form of the prion protein (PrP) in the brain confirms the diagnosis of human prion disease (PrD). Using immunohistochemistry, we have compared ten monoclonal antibodies in PrD subtypes including sporadic and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), fatal familial insomnia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and control brains. CJD subgroups were determined using Western blot analysis for the protease-resistant PrP type in combination with sequencing to determine the genotype at the methionine/valine polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene. None of the antibodies labeled given subgroups exclusively, but the intensity of immunoreactivity varied among morphologically distinct types of deposit. Fine granular or synaptic PrP deposits stained weakly or not at all with antibodies against the N-terminus of PrP, and were visible in one case only with 12F10 and SAF54. Coarser and plaque type deposits were immunolabeled with all antibodies. The immunostaining patterns appear characteristic for the disease subgroups. Labeling of certain neurons in all cases irrespective of disease, and staining at the periphery and/or throughout the senile plaques of AD patients were also noted. Antibodies such as 6H4 and 12F10 failed to give this type of labeling and are therefore less likely to recognise non-pathological PrP material in immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor G. Kovács
- Institute of Neurology, University of Vienna, and Austrian Reference Centre for Human Prion Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark W. Head
- National CJD Surveillance Unit and Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ivan Hegyi
- Institute of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tristan J. Bunn
- National CJD Surveillance Unit and Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helga Flicker
- Institute of Neurology, University of Vienna, and Austrian Reference Centre for Human Prion Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Hainfellner
- Institute of Neurology, University of Vienna, and Austrian Reference Centre for Human Prion Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Linda McCardle
- National CJD Surveillance Unit and Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lajos László
- Department of General Zoology, Eötvös University of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christa Jarius
- Institute of Neurology, University of Vienna, and Austrian Reference Centre for Human Prion Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - James W. Ironside
- National CJD Surveillance Unit and Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Herbert Budka
- Institute of Neurology, University of Vienna, and Austrian Reference Centre for Human Prion Diseases, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Maltête D, Guyant-Maréchal L, Mihout B, Hannequin D. Movement disorders and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2006; 12:65-71. [PMID: 16364674 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Movement disorders are reported in a significant number of patients within the course of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Although myoclonus is more frequent, dystonia, choreoathetosis, tremor, hemiballismus, and atypical parkinsonian syndromes have also been reported. In this review, we report the principal movement disorders associated with CJD and evaluate their correlations with neuroradiological and neuropathological findings that could in fact suggest a basal ganglia dysfunction. Further studies are warranted in order to clarify these correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Maltête
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Charles Nicolle, 1 Germont Street 76031 Rouen Cedex, France.
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21
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Mitrová E, Mayer V, Jovankovicová V, Slivarichová D, Wsólová L. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease risk and PRNP codon 129 polymorphism: necessity to revalue current data. Eur J Neurol 2006; 12:998-1001. [PMID: 16324095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphism at codon 129 (M129V) of the prion protein gene (PRNP) is a recognized genetic marker for susceptibility to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in the Caucasians. The distribution of this polymorphism in healthy individuals provides an important starting point for the evaluation of CJD risk in the general population. Early studies of reference population cohorts demonstrated that methionine/valine heterozygosity was the most frequent genotype. These studies were performed in relatively small numbers of control subjects and do not correspond with the findings of more recent investigations. In this study, we present an analysis of the codon M129V distribution in 613 corneal donors, representing one of the largest control groups examined to date. Methionine homozygotes represented 48.1%, valine homozygotes 8.7% and methionine/valine heterozygotes 43.2%. While age-related difference was not significant, differentiation according to the gender showed significant difference. The observed highest proportion of methionine homozygotes and statistically significant difference between genders as well as comparison with results obtained in other countries underline the need to re-evaluate the generally used reference data on M129V, including consideration of the gender, age and geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mitrová
- Department of Prion Diseases, Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Research Base of Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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22
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Abstract
Human prion diseases are rare neurodegenerative disorders that can occur as sporadic, familial or acquired disorders. Within each of these categories there is a wide range of phenotypic variation that is not encountered in other neurodegenerative disorders. The identification of the prion protein and its key role in the pathogenesis of this diverse group of diseases has allowed a fuller understanding of factors that influence disease phenotype. In particular, the naturally occurring polymorphism at codon 129 in the prion protein gene has a major influence on the disease phenotype in sporadic, familial and acquired prion diseases, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent technical advances have improved our ability to study the isoforms of the abnormal prion protein in the brain and in other tissues. This has lead to the concept of molecular strain typing, in which different isoforms of the prion protein are proposed to correspond to individual strains of the transmissible agent, each with specific biological properties. In sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease there are at least six major combinations of codon 129 genotype and prion protein isotype, which appear to relate to distinctive clinical subgroups of this disease. However, these relationships are proving to be more complex than first considered, particularly in cases with more than a single prion protein isotype in the brain. Further work is required to clarify these relationships and to explain the mechanism of neuropathological targeting of specific brain regions, which accounts for the diversity of clinical features within human prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ironside
- National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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23
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Kovács GG, Preusser M, Strohschneider M, Budka H. Subcellular localization of disease-associated prion protein in the human brain. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 166:287-94. [PMID: 15632020 PMCID: PMC1602295 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Disease-associated prion protein (PrP(TSE)) deposits in distinct immunostaining patterns in the brain in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, including synaptic, extracellular, and cell-associated localizations. After having developed an appropriate pretreatment protocol to enhance immunostaining for PrP(TSE) without damaging epitopes of other antigens, we systematically evaluated co-localization patterns of distinct PrP(TSE) immunodeposits by confocal laser microscopy, including optical serial sectioning. As shown by quantification, the most prominent co-localization of PrP(TSE) is with synaptophysin, but PrP(TSE) may also co-deposit with connexin-32, a gap junction-related protein. Furthermore, neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, axons, astrocytes, and microglia harbor granular PrP(TSE) deposits. Highly aggregated deposits are focally ubiquitinated. We conclude that PrP(TSE) is not exclusively associated with chemical but also with electric synapses, axonal transport may be a relevant route of PrP(TSE) spread in the brain, and activated microglia and astrocytes may play a role in PrP(TSE) processing, degradation, or removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor G Kovács
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, AKH 4J, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, POB 48, A-1097 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Boesenberg C, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Meissner B, Kallenberg K, Bartl M, Heinemann U, Krasnianski A, Stoeck K, Varges D, Windl O, Kretzschmar HA, Zerr I. Clinical course in young patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Ann Neurol 2005; 58:533-43. [PMID: 16037975 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease with the greatest incidence occurring in patients between 60 and 70 years old. Younger patients may also be affected. In this study, we used all case material available from 52 patients with sCJD aged 50 years or younger at disease onset, who were identified between 1993 and 2003 in Germany. The objective of this study was to describe the psychiatric and neurological features of these young patients with emphasis on the different codon 129 genotypes and PrP types, and to compare them with elder patients with sCJD and patients with variant CJD. We also gave particular attention to electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging, and 14-3-3 results, as well as to the neuropathological lesion profile. The clinical syndrome in young patients differs from elder patients with CJD with respect to clinical signs, disease duration, technical investigations, and neuropathological lesion profile. The psychiatric symptoms in young patients with sCJD are similar to the psychiatric symptoms expressed by patients with variant CJD; however, in contrast with the variant cases, young patients with sCJD experience development of prominent dementia early in the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Boesenberg
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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25
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Croes EA, Alizadeh BZ, Bertoli-Avella AM, Rademaker T, Vergeer-Drop J, Dermaut B, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Wientjens DPWM, Hofman A, Van Broeckhoven C, van Duijn CM. Polymorphisms in the prion protein gene and in the doppel gene increase susceptibility for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2004; 12:389-94. [PMID: 14970845 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The prion protein gene (PRNP) plays a central role in the origin of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), but there is growing interest in other polymorphisms that may be involved in CJD. Polymorphisms upstream of PRNP that may modulate the prion protein production as well as polymorphisms in the prion-like doppel gene (PRND) have been studied, with inconsistent findings. We investigated the role of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP 1368) located upstream of PRNP and three polymorphisms in PRND (T26M, P56L and T174M) in CJD. The study included a population-based sample of 52 patients with sporadic CJD and 250 controls. We analysed our data as single markers and haplotypes. Further, we conducted a meta-analysis on PRND T174M comparing the data of the four studies conducted to date. For SNP 1368 and PRNP M129V, we found significant evidence for linkage disequilibrium. No evidence was found for a relation of SNP 1368 to CJD independent of PRNP M129V. We further found a significant increased prevalence of M homozygotes at PRND T174M among sporadic CJD patients, when adjusting the analyses for the other genotypes. In the haplotype analyses, the association was strongest for persons homozygous for PRNP 129M and PRND 174M (odds ratio 4.35, 95% confidence interval 1.05-8.09; P=0.04). The meta-analysis on the PRND T174M polymorphism did not show a consistent effect across studies, raising the question as to whether PRND 174M is causally related to CJD, or whether the PRND allele is in linkage disequilibrium with another polymorphism related to CJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther A Croes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Truchot L, Bencsik A, Perret-Liaudet A, Biacabe AG, Richard M, Ironside J, Kopp N, Streichenberger N. Quantitative Study of Spongiform Change in Putamen of 24 Cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2004; 63:193-8. [PMID: 15055443 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/63.3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is characterized by 4 main neuropathological lesions: spongiform change, neuronal loss, astrocytic gliosis, and accumulation of pathological prion protein (PrPsc), which is partially protease-resistant (PrPres). This study focused on spongiform change (SC) in the putamen. Because SC varies from case to case, we investigated whether its quantification could provide relevant criteria to discriminate types of PrPres in CJD. SC was quantified in 24 CJD cases, 12 with PrPres type 1 (CJD-PrP1) and 12 with PrPres type 2 (CJD-PrP2), compared to 25 control cases. The study was performed by direct microscopy examination (DME) and by semiautomatic quantification (SAQ) using shape and size criteria previously described. These criteria were suitable for SC quantification in putamen in the majority of cases, except for those with microspongiosis. The results obtained by DME and SAQ methods were correlated and SC scores were compared to the types of PrPres. Sporadic CJD cases with PrPres type 2 were more affected by SC than type 1, suggesting that putamen could be a preferential site to distinguish type 1 from type 2 histologically. The origin of the difference in SC intensity according to the type of PrPres is discussed in terms of host and strain factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Truchot
- Centre de Diagnostic de Traitement et de Prévention des Maladies à Prions, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Lyon, France
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27
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Jarius C, Kovacs GG, Belay G, Hainfellner JA, Mitrova E, Budka H. Distinctive cerebellar immunoreactivity for the prion protein in familial (E200K) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Acta Neuropathol 2003; 105:449-54. [PMID: 12677444 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-002-0664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2002] [Revised: 11/05/2002] [Accepted: 11/05/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have compared the immunomorphological spectrum of the deposition of the disease-associated prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of 32 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) patients with the PrP gene (PRNP) E200K mutation to 45 sporadic CJD and 14 other genetic prion disease cases. PrP deposits correlate with the genotype at the methionine/valine (MV) polymorphic codon 129. While the diffuse/synaptic and patchy/perivacuolar PrP deposits and PrP plaques have a similar distribution and correlation with the genotype at codon 129 as in sporadic CJD, an additional peculiar PrP immunostaining pattern occurs in the cerebellum in 81% E200K mutation brains including 93% of M129M, 71% of M129V, but not in the single V129V case. It is localized to the molecular layer and consists of coarse granular PrP deposits arranged in a stripe-like manner predominantly perpendicular to the surface, closely resembling the parasagittal arborization of climbing fibers. Our results suggest that (1) the type of PrP deposits in the cerebellum may suggest genetic disease and the need for genetic testing; and (2) the peculiar stripes of PrP deposits might reflect selective vulnerability of cerebellar structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Jarius
- Institute of Neurology, University of Vienna, AKH 4J, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, POB 48, 1097 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Ishida C, Kakishima A, Okino S, Furukawa Y, Kano M, Oda Y, Nakanishi I, Makifuchi T, Kitamoto T, Yamada M. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with MM1-type prion protein and plaques. Neurology 2003; 60:514-7. [PMID: 12578942 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000044403.41041.a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report a 75-year-old woman with atypical sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) characterized by MM1-type prion protein (PrP) (methionine homozygosity at codon 129 in the PrP gene and type-1 protease-resistant PrP) and PrP plaques. This patient is the first case of sporadic CJD with plaque-forming MM1-type PrP, suggesting either a shared prion strain with the plaque-forming subset of dural graft-associated CJD or shared host genetic factors that are unrelated to the PrP genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ishida
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.
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29
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Abstract
A genetic basis for interindividual variation in susceptibility to human infectious diseases has been indicated by twin, adoptee, pedigree, and candidate gene studies. This has led to the identification of a small number of strong genetic associations with common variants for malaria, HIV infection, and infectious prion diseases. Numerous other genes have shown less strong associations with these and some other infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, leprosy, and persistent hepatitis viral infections. Many immunogenetic loci influence susceptibility to several infectious pathogens. Recent genetic linkage analyses of measures of infection as well as of infectious disease, including some genome-wide scans, have found convincing evidence of genetic linkage to chromosomal regions wherein susceptibility genes have yet to be identified. These studies indicate a highly polygenic basis for susceptibility to many common infectious diseases, with some emerging examples of interaction between variants of specific polymorphic host and pathogen genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Hill
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.
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30
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González L, Martin S, Begara-McGorum I, Hunter N, Houston F, Simmons M, Jeffrey M. Effects of agent strain and host genotype on PrP accumulation in the brain of sheep naturally and experimentally affected with scrapie. J Comp Pathol 2002; 126:17-29. [PMID: 11814318 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2001.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Different cellular and neuroanatomical types of disease-specific prion protein (PrP(d)) accumulation in the brain were identified in sheep of different breeds and PrP genotypes exposed to experimental or natural scrapie infection. Immunohistochemical examination of the brains of 43 sheep with clinical signs compatible with scrapie revealed 12 different PrP(d)types, which were subjectively quantified in eight different brain regions. The PrP(d)types were grouped into four PrP(d)patterns, the relative magnitude of which provided the PrP(d)profile of each sheep examined. The analysis of the differences in magnitude and relative proportion of each of these PrP(d)types and patterns indicated (1) an effect of the scrapie strain on the PrP(d)profile, and (2) a possible effect of the host genotype on the magnitude of PrP(d)accumulation in the brain, apparently related to the incubation period. Furthermore, intraneuronal deposition of PrP(d)was the type most closely associated with the development of clinical disease. We conclude that different scrapie strains can be distinguished by PrP immunohistochemical examination of brains of affected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L González
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA-Lasswade), Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Bush Loan, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
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31
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Huang N, Marie SK, Kok F, Nitrini R. Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with a point mutation at codon 210 of the prion protein gene. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2001; 59:932-5. [PMID: 11733840 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2001000600017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), the most known human prion disease, is usually sporadic but approximately 15% of the cases are familial. To date, seven CJD cases with codon 210 mutation (GTT to ATT) have been reported in the literature. We describe a case of a 57 year-old woman who presented gait disturbances and rapidly progressive dementia, leading to death four months after onset. Electroencephalogram revealed periodic activity, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed hypersignal in basal ganglia, and test for 14-3-3 protein was strongly positive in the CSF. The complete prion protein gene coding region was sequenced after PCR amplification, showing a point mutation in codon 210. This is the first case of CJD with codon 210 mutation diagnosed in Brazil. We emphasize the role of genetic search for prion protein gene mutation, even in patients presenting clinical features resembling sporadic CJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Huang
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit and Laboratory for Neurologic Investigations, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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32
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Armstrong RA, Lantos PL, Cairns NJ. The spatial patterns of prion protein deposits in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: comparison with beta-amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2001; 298:53-6. [PMID: 11154834 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Similar pathological processes may be involved in the deposition of extracellular proteins in the brains of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, this study compared the spatial patterns of prion protein (PrP) deposits in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in cases of sporadic CJD with those of beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposits in sporadic AD. PrP and Abeta deposits were aggregated into clusters and, in 90% of brain areas in CJD and 57% in AD, the clusters were regularly distributed parallel to the tissue boundary. In a significant proportion of cortical analyses, the mean diameter of the clusters of PrP and Abeta deposits were similar to those of the cells of origin of the cortico-cortical pathways. Abeta deposits in AD were distributed more frequently in larger-sized clusters than PrP deposits in CJD. In addition, in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus, clustering of Abeta deposits was observed in AD but PrP deposits were rare in these regions in CJD. The size, location and distribution of the extracellular protein deposits within the cortex of both disorders was consistent with the degeneration of the cortico-cortical pathways. Furthermore, spread of the pathology along these pathways may be a pathogenic feature common to CJD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Armstrong
- Vision Sciences, Aston University, B4 7ET, Birmingham, UK.
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Plaitakis A, Viskadouraki AK, Tzagournissakis M, Zaganas I, Verghese-Nikolakaki S, Karagiorgis V, Panagiotides I, Kilindireas C, Patsouris E, Haberler C, Budka H, Sklaviadis T. Increased incidence of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease on the island of Crete associated with a high rate ofPRNP 129-methionine homozygosity in the local population. Ann Neurol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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