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Bhattacharjee M, Escobar Ivirico JL, Kan HM, Shah S, Otsuka T, Bordett R, Barajaa M, Nagiah N, Pandey R, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Injectable amnion hydrogel-mediated delivery of adipose-derived stem cells for osteoarthritis treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120968119. [PMID: 35046053 PMCID: PMC8794776 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120968119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for osteoarthritis (OA) predominantly address symptoms with limited disease-modifying potential. There is a growing interest in the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for OA treatment and developing biomimetic injectable hydrogels as cell delivery systems. Biomimetic injectable hydrogels can simulate the native tissue microenvironment by providing appropriate biological and chemical cues for tissue regeneration. A biomimetic injectable hydrogel using amnion membrane (AM) was developed which can self-assemble in situ and retain the stem cells at the target site. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of intraarticular injections of AM hydrogels with and without ADSCs in reducing inflammation and cartilage degeneration in a collagenase-induced OA rat model. A week after the induction of OA, rats were treated with control (phosphate-buffered saline), ADSCs, AM gel, and AM-ADSCs. Inflammation and cartilage regeneration was evaluated by joint swelling, analysis of serum by cytokine profiling and Raman spectroscopy, gross appearance, and histology. Both AM and ADSC possess antiinflammatory and chondroprotective properties to target the sites of inflammation in an osteoarthritic joint, thereby reducing the inflammation-mediated damage to the articular cartilage. The present study demonstrated the potential of AM hydrogel to foster cartilage tissue regeneration, a comparable regenerative effect of AM hydrogel and ADSCs, and the synergistic antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effects of AM and ADSC to regenerate cartilage tissue in a rat OA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maumita Bhattacharjee
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Jorge L Escobar Ivirico
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Shiv Shah
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Takayoshi Otsuka
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Rosalie Bordett
- Connecticut Children's Innovation Center, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032
| | - Mohammed Barajaa
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Naveen Nagiah
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Rishikesh Pandey
- Connecticut Children's Innovation Center, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030;
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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Molnar V, Matišić V, Kodvanj I, Bjelica R, Jeleč Ž, Hudetz D, Rod E, Čukelj F, Vrdoljak T, Vidović D, Starešinić M, Sabalić S, Dobričić B, Petrović T, Antičević D, Borić I, Košir R, Zmrzljak UP, Primorac D. Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9208. [PMID: 34502117 PMCID: PMC8431625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common cause of disability worldwide. Although commonly referred to as a disease of the joint cartilage, osteoarthritis affects all joint tissues equally. The pathogenesis of this degenerative process is not completely understood; however, a low-grade inflammation leading to an imbalance between anabolic and katabolic processes is a well-established factor. The complex network of cytokines regulating these processes and cell communication has a central role in the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Concentrations of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were found to be altered depending on the osteoarthritis stage and activity. In this review, we analyzed individual cytokines involved in the immune processes with an emphasis on their function in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilim Molnar
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vid Matišić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kodvanj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Roko Bjelica
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Jeleč
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Nursing, University North, 48000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Damir Hudetz
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eduard Rod
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fabijan Čukelj
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Hospital “Sisters of Mercy”, Clinic for Traumatology, Draškovićeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Traumatology, Medical University Merkur Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Trpimir Vrdoljak
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Vidović
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Hospital “Sisters of Mercy”, Clinic for Traumatology, Draškovićeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Srećko Sabalić
- University Hospital “Sisters of Mercy”, Clinic for Traumatology, Draškovićeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Borut Dobričić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tadija Petrović
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Antičević
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Igor Borić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Traumatology, Medical University Merkur Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Medical School, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Rok Košir
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, BIA Separations CRO, Labena Ltd., 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.K.); (U.P.Z.)
| | - Uršula Prosenc Zmrzljak
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, BIA Separations CRO, Labena Ltd., 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.K.); (U.P.Z.)
| | - Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School REGIOMED, 96450 Coburg, Germany
- Eberly College of Science, State College, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Oh JS, Cho IA, Kang KR, You JS, Yu SJ, Lee GJ, Seo YS, Kim CS, Kim DK, Kim SG, Seo YW, Im HJ, Kim JS. Biochanin-A antagonizes the interleukin-1β-induced catabolic inflammation through the modulation of NFκB cellular signaling in primary rat chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:723-730. [PMID: 27363337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biochanin-A, a phytoestrogen derived from herbal plants, protected from the IL-1β-induced loss of proteoglycans through the suppression of matrix degrading enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, MMP-3, MMP-1, and ADAMTS-5 in primary rat chondrocytes and the knee articular cartilage. It also suppressed the expression of IL-1β-induced catabolic factors such as nitric oxide synthase 2, cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2, and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, biochanin-A suppressed the IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of NFκB, and inhibited its nuclear translocation in primary rat chondrocytes. These results indicate that biochanin-A antagonizes the IL-1β-induced catabolic effects through its anti-inflammatory activity that involves the modulation of NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - In-A Cho
- Department of Dental Bioengineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Rok Kang
- Department of Dental Bioengineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seek You
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joun Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Je Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Seob Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Sung Kim
- Pre-Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Pre-Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Gwan Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Seo
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Pre-Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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Adhesion of monocytes to periodontal fibroblasts requires activation of NOD1/2- and TLR4-mediated LFA-1 and VLA-4. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 60:834-44. [PMID: 25791323 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1/2 (NOD1/2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in mediating the adhesion of monocytes to periodontal fibroblasts through leucocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4). DESIGN The expression of NOD1, NOD2, and TLR4 was detected in the gingival tissue of patients with chronic periodontitis by immunohistochemistry. Then the adhesion of cells of human monocytic cell line U937 to human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) was investigated after U937 cells were treated with the agonists of NOD1, NOD2, and TLR4 for 24 h, or transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting NOD1, NOD2, and TLR4 for 48 h. Meanwhile, the expression of LFA-1 and VLA-4 was examined in U937 cells through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and flow cytometry. To confirm the roles of LFA-1 and VLA-4 involved in the process of adhesion, the adhesion blockade assay was performed using the corresponding blocking antibodies against these adhesion molecules. RESULTS The immunostaining results showed that NOD1, NOD2, and TLR4 were highly expressed in the gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis, especially in the monocyte-infiltrated area. The activation of these receptors by agonists upregulated the expression of LFA-1 and VLA-4 in U937 cells, and it increased the affinity of U937 cells to hGFs or hPDLCs. On the other hand, knockdown of these receptors by specific siRNAs resulted in the opposite results. In addition, blocking either LFA-1 or VLA-4 in U937 cells significantly attenuated the agonist-triggered adhesion of U937 to periodontal fibroblasts (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that NOD1/2 and TLR4 mediated monocyte-periodontal fibroblast adhesion via the modulation of LFA-1 and VLA-4.
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Synovial inflammation, immune cells and their cytokines in osteoarthritis: a review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1484-99. [PMID: 22960092 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a non-inflammatory condition, it is widely accepted that synovial inflammation is a feature of OA. However, the role of immune cells and their cytokines in OA is largely unknown. This narrative systematic review summarizes the knowledge of inflammatory properties, immune cells and their cytokines in synovial tissues (STs) of OA patients. DESIGN Broad literature search in different databases was performed which resulted in 100 articles. RESULTS Of 100 articles 33 solely investigated inflammation in OA ST with or without comparison with normal samples; the remaining primarily focussed on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ST. Studies investigating different severity stages or cellular source of cytokines were sparse. OA ST displayed mild/moderate grade inflammation when investigated by means of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Most frequently found cells types were macrophages, T cells and mast cells (MCs). Overall the number of cells was lower than in RA, although the number of MCs was as high as or sometimes even higher than in RA ST. Cytokines related to T cell or macrophage function were found in OA ST. Their expression was overall higher than in normal ST, but lower than in RA ST. Their cellular source remains largely unknown in OA ST. CONCLUSION Inflammation is common in OA ST and characterized by immune cell infiltration and cytokine secretion. This inflammation seems quantitatively and qualitatively different from inflammation in RA. Further research is needed to clarify the role of inflammation, immune cells and their cytokines in the pathogenesis of OA.
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of post-PCI restenosis involves neointimal formation that consists of three phases: thrombosis (within 24 h), recruitment (3-8 days), and proliferation, which starts on day 8 of PCI. Various factors suggested to be predictors/risks for restenosis include C-reactive protein (CRP), inflammatory mediators (cytokines and adhesion molecules), oxygen radicals, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors (RAGE), and soluble RAGE (sRAGE). The earlier noted factors produce thrombogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix formation. Statins have pleiotropic effects. Besides lowering serum cholesterol, they have various other biological effects including antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, CRP-lowering, antioxidant, antimitotic, and inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation. They inhibit matrix metalloproteinase and cyclooxygenase-2, lower AGEs, decrease expression of RAGE and increase levels of serum sRAGE. They also increase the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by increasing endothelial NO synthase expression and activity. Preprocedural statin therapy is known to reduce peri- and post-PCI myonecrosis and reduce the need for repeat revascularization. There is evidence that statin-eluting stents inhibit in-stent restenosis in animal models. It is concluded that because of the above attributes of statins, they are suitable candidates for reduction of post-PCI restenosis and post-PCI myonecrosis. The future directions for the use of statins in reduction of post-PCI restenosis and myonecrosis have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common rheumatic disorders, is characterized by cartilage breakdown and by synovial inflammation that is directly linked to clinical symptoms such as joint swelling, synovitis and inflammatory pain. The gold-standard method for detecting synovitis is histological analysis of samples obtained by biopsy, but the noninvasive imaging techniques MRI and ultrasonography might also perform well. The inflammation of the synovial membrane that occurs in both the early and late phases of OA is associated with alterations in the adjacent cartilage that are similar to those seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Catabolic and proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2) and neuropeptides are produced by the inflamed synovium and alter the balance of cartilage matrix degradation and repair, leading to excess production of the proteolytic enzymes responsible for cartilage breakdown. Cartilage alteration in turn amplifies synovial inflammation, creating a vicious circle. As synovitis is associated with clinical symptoms and also reflects joint degradation in OA, synovium-targeted therapy could help alleviate the symptoms of the disease and perhaps also prevent structural progression.
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Anti-inflammatory treatment of uveitis with biologicals: new treatment options that reflect pathogenetic knowledge of the disease. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010; 248:1531-51. [PMID: 20737162 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-010-1485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous uveitis is a sight-threatening disease. In addition to corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents are commonly used to treat patients with severe course. Immunosuppressive drugs act nonspecifically, rather than providing a specific interaction with the critical pathogenetic pathways of uveitis. Better knowledge of the basic mechanisms underlying uveitis and of the molecules that are important for regulating inflammation has helped to create new and more specific treatment approaches. Biological therapy for inflammatory diseases employs substances that interfere with specific molecules or pathways induced in the body during the inflammatory process. METHODS This review gives an overview on molecules that play a critical role in the pathogenetic process of uveitis, as has been observed in patients or the respective animal models, and summarizes the current experience with biologicals for the treatment of uveitis refractive to conventional immunosuppressives.
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Yang CM, Luo SF, Hsieh HL, Chi PL, Lin CC, Wu CC, Hsiao LD. Interleukin-1beta induces ICAM-1 expression enhancing leukocyte adhesion in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts: involvement of ERK, JNK, AP-1, and NF-kappaB. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:516-26. [PMID: 20432452 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) has been shown to induce the expression of adhesion molecules on various cell types and contributes to inflammatory responses. However, the molecular mechanisms by which IL-1beta induced intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression remain unclear in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Here, we demonstrated that IL-1beta induces ICAM-1 gene expression via the de novo protein synthesis through transcription and translation, which is attenuated by pretreatment with actinomycin D and cycloheximide, respectively. IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1 expression, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, AP-1 activation, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) p65 translocation were attenuated by the inhibitors of MEK1/2 (U0126), JNK (SP600125), AP-1 (tanshinone IIA), and NF-kappaB (helenalin) or transfection with respective short hairpin RNA plasmids. Moreover, IL-1beta-stimulated NF-kappaB p65 translocation was blocked by helenalin, but not by U0126 or SP600125, revealing that MAPKs and NF-kappaB pathways were independent on these responses. IL-1beta-stimulated AP-1 activation was blocked by U0126 or SP600125, revealing that ERK and JNK linked to AP-1 on these responses. IL-1beta-stimulated ICAM-1 gene expression was attenuated by pretreatment with U0126, SP600125, tanshinone IIA, or helenalin, revealed by ICAM-1 promoter assay and real-time RT-PCR analysis. Finally, up-regulation of ICAM-1 enhanced the adhesion of leukocytes to RASFs exposed to IL-1beta. These results suggest that in human RASFs, activation of ERK, JNK, AP-1, and NF-kappaB are essential for IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1 expression and leukocyte adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Use of p38 MAPK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Werner Syndrome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1842-1872. [PMID: 27713332 PMCID: PMC4033955 DOI: 10.3390/ph3061842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome provides a convincing model for aspects of the normal ageing phenotype and may provide a suitable model for therapeutic interventions designed to combat the ageing process. Cultured primary fibroblast cells from Werner syndrome patients provide a powerful model system to study the link between replicative senescence in vitro and in vivo pathophysiology. Genome instability, together with an increased pro-oxidant state, and frequent replication fork stalling, all provide plausible triggers for intracellular stress in Werner syndrome cells, and implicates p38 MAPK signaling in their shortened replicative lifespan. A number of different p38 MAPK inhibitor chemotypes have been prepared rapidly and efficiently using microwave heating techniques for biological study in Werner syndrome cells, including SB203580, VX-745, RO3201195, UR-13756 and BIRB 796, and their selectivity and potency evaluated in this cellular context. Werner syndrome fibroblasts treated with a p38 MAPK inhibitor reveal an unexpected reversal of the accelerated ageing phenotype. Thus the study of p38 inhibition and its effect upon Werner pathophysiology is likely to provide new revelations into the biological mechanisms operating in cellular senescence and human ageing in the future.
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Foster W, Carruthers D, Lip GYH, Blann AD. Inflammatory cytokines, endothelial markers and adhesion molecules in rheumatoid arthritis: effect of intensive anti-inflammatory treatment. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2009; 29:437-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-009-0370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Muñoz-Chablé OA, Barrios-Payán J, Hernández-Pando R. Effect of polymerized-type I collagen in knee osteoarthritis. I. In vitro study. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:591-7. [PMID: 19453649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymerized-type I collagen (polymerized-collagen) is a down-regulator of inflammation and a tissue regenerator biodrug. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effect in co-cultures of cartilage and synovial tissue from patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cartilage and synovial tissue from five patients with OA were co-cultured for 7 days in the presence or absence of 1% polymerized-collagen. To determine proteoglycans content, tissues were stained with alcian blue technique. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interferon (IFN)-gamma] and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were measured in supernatants by ELISA and results were normalized by total protein concentration. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), type II collagen, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and Ki-67 expression were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Polymerized-type I collagen induced an increase of 3- to 6fold cell proliferation (Ki-67), proteoglycans content, and COMP and type II collagen expression, whereas it inhibited IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production. IL-10 levels were up-regulated in treated vs. untreated cultures. No differences were found on IL-8 or TIMP-1 levels in supernatants from polymerized-collagen-treated co-cultures when compared with untreated cultures. IL-12 and IFN-gamma were undetectable. CONCLUSION The addition of polymerized-type I collagen to cartilage and synovial tissue co-cultures induced up-regulation of chondrocytes proliferation and cartilage extracellular matrix proteins production (COMP, type II collagen and proteoglycans) as well as an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and the down-modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and TNF-alpha). It is possible that this mechanism might contribute to induce tissue regeneration and down-regulation of inflammation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Doom M, de Bruin T, de Rooster H, van Bree H, Cox E. Immunopathological mechanisms in dogs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 125:143-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Maccoux LJ, Salway F, Day PJR, Clements DN. Expression profiling of select cytokines in canine osteoarthritis tissues. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 118:59-67. [PMID: 17524496 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the level of expression of five cytokines in four different articular tissues from the joints of dogs with and without osteoarthritis (OA). Articular tissues were harvested from the stifle (fat, cranial cruciate ligament, synovial membrane) or hip (articular cartilage) from eight dogs with OA secondary to cranial cruciate ligament disease (stifle) or hip dysplasia (hip), undergoing routine surgical treatment for the condition, and from five dogs euthanatized without orthopaedic disease. The mRNA transcript numbers for interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Increased expression of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 in OA synovial membrane, increased expression of IL-1beta and IL-6 in ruptured (OA) ligament, and reduced expression of IL-8 in OA synovial membrane were identified. Cytokine expression was detected in multiple tissues within the articular joint, but differential expression in OA was detected primarily in the synovial membrane and cranial cruciate ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey J Maccoux
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, The Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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Davis T, Kipling D. Werner Syndrome as an Example of Inflamm-aging: Possible Therapeutic Opportunities for a Progeroid Syndrome? Rejuvenation Res 2006; 9:402-7. [PMID: 16859481 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2006.9.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder that is widely used as a model for some aspects of the normal human aging process. Individuals with WS have several of the characteristics of normal aging, such as cataracts, hair graying, and skin aging, but manifest these at an early age. In addition, WS is associated with high levels of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and type II diabetes. Recent data have indicated that fibroblasts derived from individuals with WS have activated a major molecular pathway involved in inflammation. This observation ties in with the presence of high plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines in individuals with WS. In this paper, the authors discuss the possibility that WS is an example of "inflamm-aging," in that many of the phenotypic manifestations may result from an increased inflammatory state. Moreover, drugs that specifically block this inflammation pathway may be possible candidates for therapeutic intervention in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Davis
- Department of Pathology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales, United Kingdom.
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Lee SD, Chen LM, Kuo WW, Shu WT, Kuo WH, Huang EJ, Tsai CC, Li PC, Liu JY, Chen TH, Huang CY. Serum insulin-like growth factor-axis and matrix metalloproteinases in patients with rheumatic arthritis or rheumatic heart disease. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 367:62-8. [PMID: 16406300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2005] [Revised: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I plays an important role for maintaining cardiac functions. We clarified the unknown role of IGF-axis in rheumatic heart disease (RHD). METHOD Interleukin (IL)-10, growth hormone (GH), IGF, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) were measured by ELISA and zymography in 30 age range-matched normal subjects (control), 36 patients with acute phase of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and in 43 patients with RHD with negative RF and CRP. RESULT Compared with normal subjects, increased IL-10 level and decreased GH were found in RA group whereas unchanged IL-10 and decreased GH were found in RHD group. Compared with age range-matched normal subjects, decreased IGFBP-3, MMP-9 levels, unchanged IGF-I were found in RA group whereas decreased IGF-I levels, unchanged IGFBP3 and increased MMP-9 at age>30 years were found in RHD group. IGF-II was not changed in RA and RHD groups. CONCLUSION These findings may imply that during inflammatory phase, the levels of anti-inflammation was high and total IGF-I and IGF bioavailability were maintained in patients with RA. Our findings in RHD may speculate that the long-term reduction of GH and IGF-I as well as the compensating effects of upregulated MMP-9 activity may be partially involved in the long-term pathogenesis from RHD to heart failure. Decreased GH, decreased IGF-I and increased MMP-9 activities may be possible diagnostic markers in RHD for developing heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Da Lee
- School of Physical Therapy, Chung-Shan Medical University, and Division of Medical Technology, Armed-Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wakamatsu K, Nanki T, Miyasaka N, Umezawa K, Kubota T. Effect of a small molecule inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear translocation in a murine model of arthritis and cultured human synovial cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R1348-59. [PMID: 16277688 PMCID: PMC1297584 DOI: 10.1186/ar1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A small cell-permeable compound, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), does not inhibit phosphorylation and degradation of IκB (inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB]) but selectively inhibits nuclear translocation of activated NF-κB. This study aimed to demonstrate the antiarthritic effect of this novel inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway in vivo in a murine arthritis model and in vitro in human synovial cells. Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in mice, and after onset of arthritis the mice were treated with DHMEQ (5 mg/kg body weight per day). Using fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) cell lines established from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), NF-κB activity was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The expression of molecules involved in RA pathogenesis was determined by RT-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. The proliferative activity of the cells was estimated with tritiated thymidine incorporation. After 14 days of treatment with DHMEQ, mice with collagen-induced arthritis exhibited decreased severity of arthritis, based on the degree of paw swelling, the number of swollen joints, and radiographic and histopathologic scores, compared with the control mice treated with vehicle alone. In RA FLS stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α, activities of NF-κB components p65 and p50 were inhibited by DHMEQ, leading to suppressed expression of the key inflammatory cytokine IL-6, CC chemokine ligand-2 and -5, matrix metalloproteinase-3, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. The proliferative activity of the cells was also suppressed. This is the first demonstration of an inhibitor of NF-κB nuclear translocation exhibiting a therapeutic effect on established murine arthritis, and suppression of inflammatory mediators in FLS was thought to be among the mechanisms underlying such an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Wakamatsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kubota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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de Bruin T, de Rooster H, van Bree H, Cox E. Interleukin-8 mRNA expression in synovial fluid of canine stifle joints with osteoarthritis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 108:387-97. [PMID: 16102844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine and compare the presence of interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA in canine stifle osteoarthritis (OA) differing in etiopathogenesis. Synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected from 24 clinically normal stifle joints and 46 diseased stifle joints (32 stifle joints with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR), 2 joints with CCLR and patella luxation (PL), 7 joints with medial PL and 5 joints with primary OA). The samples were centrifuged to collect synovial fluid cells for RNA extraction. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to obtain cDNA from all samples. Canine IL-8 mRNA expression was determined using real time PCR. Synovial fluid glass smears were made of all samples and coloured with H&E for differential cell counts. All stifle joints were radiographed and graded for the severity of OA. Sixty-one percent (28/46) of the samples from canine stifle OA had IL-8 mRNA expression in contrast to 4% (1/24) in the control stifle joints. This difference in prevalence is highly significant. There were no statistically significant pairwise differences among the mean ranks of the various OA groups for the absolute amount of IL-8 mRNA expression. Neither was there a link between the severity of OA (determined by radiographic evaluation) and the presence of IL-8 in the SF nor any significant difference in the absolute amount of IL-8 between the different OA grades. No statistical difference was found in differential cell counts between IL-8-positive and -negative SF samples. IL-8 cannot be used as a specific joint disease marker since IL-8 expression is found in OA differing in etiopathogenesis. It might, however, relate to the ongoing inflammation within the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- T de Bruin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Xu G, Nie H, Li N, Zheng W, Zhang D, Feng G, Ni L, Xu R, Hong J, Zhang JZ. Role of osteopontin in amplification and perpetuation of rheumatoid synovitis. J Clin Invest 2005. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200523273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Xu G, Nie H, Li N, Zheng W, Zhang D, Feng G, Ni L, Xu R, Hong J, Zhang JZ. Role of osteopontin in amplification and perpetuation of rheumatoid synovitis. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:1060-7. [PMID: 15761492 PMCID: PMC1059449 DOI: 10.1172/jci23273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein of pleiotropic properties and has been recently recognized as a potential inflammatory cytokine. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that overexpression of OPN in synovial T cells is associated with local inflammatory milieu and that OPN acts as an important mediator in amplification and perpetuation of rheumatoid synovitis. The study revealed that mRNA expression of OPN was highly elevated in CD4(+) synovial T cells derived from patients with RA, which correlated with increased OPN concentrations in synovial fluid (SF). The pattern of OPN overexpression was confined to rheumatoid synovium and correlated with coexpression of selected OPN receptors in synovial T cells, including integrins alphav and beta1 and CD44. RA-derived SF stimulated the expression of OPN in T cells, which was attributable to IL-10 present in SF and abrogated by anti-IL-10 antibody. Among the more than 300 autoimmune and inflammatory response genes examined, OPN selectively induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines known to promote migration and recruitment of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, it was evident that OPN activated transcription factor NF-kappaB in mononuclear cells. The study has important implications for understanding the role of OPN in rheumatoid synovitis and other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Xu
- Joint Immunology Laboratory of Health Science Center and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Second Medical University and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Boehme MWJ, Gao IK, Norden C, Lemmel EM. Decrease in circulating endothelial cell adhesion molecule and thrombomodulin levels during oral iloprost treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients: preliminary results. Rheumatol Int 2005; 26:340-7. [PMID: 15700117 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-004-0563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with proinflammatory cytokines involved in its pathogenesis. Recently in vitro as well as in vivo studies have shown that iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, can reduce the release of these cytokines. This study was performed to further investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of iloprost by determining plasma adhesion molecules as markers of endothelial cell activation, and plasma thrombomodulin as a parameter of endothelial cell injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving oral iloprost therapy. METHODS Plasma thrombomodulin levels and the values of the plasma adhesion molecules VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), E-selectin (CD62E), and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1, CD 54) were measured by ELISA during a 7-day period of treatment with orally-administered iloprost in 14 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, the same parameters were determined at the end of the observation period (1 week after the end of therapy). In addition, the disease activity was measured using the DAS (disease activity score) as well as the patients' self-assessed pain severity, and correlated with the changes of plasma adhesion molecule and thrombomodulin levels. RESULTS The plasma levels of all three adhesion molecules as well as of thrombomodulin significantly decreased under therapy with oral iloprost. After 1 week (day 7 of therapy), the mean percent changes from day 0 were -20.1% for VCAM-1 (p = 0.008), -21.2 for ICAM-1 (p = 0.003), -24.6% for E-selectin (p = 0.001), and -21.7% for thrombomodulin (p = 0.003). This decrease lasted up to 1 week after the end of therapy in the case of VCAM-1 (p = 0.023) and ICAM-1 (p = 0.001). Further analysis of the results revealed additional significant correlations between different parameters of clinical disease activity, thrombomodulin and adhesion molecules. CONCLUSION This study showed hints towards clinical effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving oral iloprost therapy. Pathophysiologically, the decrease of adhesion molecules points at an immunomodulating effect of iloprost. The observed thrombomodulin-lowering effect of iloprost may indicate stabilisation of endothelial cell function by diminishing endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W J Boehme
- Dep. of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str. 58, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Chen DY, Lan JL, Lin FJ, Hsieh TY. Association of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 with clinical manifestations and interleukin-18 in patients with active, untreated adult-onset Still's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 53:320-7. [PMID: 15934126 DOI: 10.1002/art.21164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) with clinical manifestations and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels in patients with active untreated adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). METHODS We determined serum soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 50 patients with active untreated AOSD, 20 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 20 healthy controls. The levels of ICAM-1 messenger RNA expression in IL-18-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in biopsy specimens obtained from AOSD patients with Still's rash or synovitis were investigated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Significantly higher serum levels of sICAM-1 were observed in patients with active untreated AOSD compared with those with active RA and healthy controls. Serum sICAM-1 levels were significantly correlated with the clinical activity score (r = 0.565, P < 0.001), ferritin values (r = 0.462, P < 0.005), and IL-18 levels (r = 0.462, P < 0.005) in patients with AOSD. The serum sICAM-1 level was identified as a predictor of hepatic dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] 1.016, P = 0.011) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (OR 1.013, P = 0.023). Up-regulation of ICAM-1 gene expression was demonstrated in IL-18-stimulated PBMCs from patients with AOSD. Increased levels of ICAM-1 transcripts were observed in the biopsy specimens obtained from AOSD patients with Still's rash or synovitis compared with healthy skin and patients with osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION The serum sICAM-1 level may be used as a clinical marker to assess disease activity and may predict the occurrence of hepatic dysfunction and DIC in AOSD. IL-18-up-regulated gene expression of ICAM-1 may contribute to the inflammatory response in AOSD.
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Lavigne P, Benderdour M, Lajeunesse D, Shi Q, Fernandes JC. Expression of ICAM-1 by osteoblasts in healthy individuals and in patients suffering from osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Bone 2004; 35:463-70. [PMID: 15268898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2003.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2003] [Revised: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 12/24/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the pattern of expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) at the surface of human osteoblasts (Ob) recovered from normal (control), osteoporotic (OP), and osteoarthritic (OA) bone. To relate ICAM-1 expression in OA Ob with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trabecular bone specimens were taken from patients suffering from OA of the hip (n = 19) or knee (n = 19) or from hip fracture caused by osteoporosis (n = 10). Control bone specimens came from the posterosuperior iliac crest (n = 5) and from the femoral condyle of organ donors (n = 6). Bone explants were digested with collagenase and cultured. Ob were obtained after 6 weeks. ICAM-1 expression was studied by immunocytology. IL-6 and PGE2 were evaluated by standard ELISA. RESULTS Average ICAM-1 expression was different between control and OP bone (P < 0.02). Separation of specimens into high and low ICAM-1 expression showed a significant difference between high and low ICAM-1 expressors. The distribution of specimens after subclassification into high or low ICAM-1 expression groups revealed only 18.2% of patients in the high expression group for the controls, compared to 70% for OP bone (P < 0.03), 52.6% for hip OA and 47.4% for knee OA. IL-6 and PGE2 levels in OA Ob from both groups were found to be significantly elevated with high ICAM-1 expression compared to low ICAM-1 expression. CONCLUSION The results show that ICAM-1 expression in human bone seems to be pathology-dependent and correlates with IL-6 and PGE2 production, at least in OA individuals. This implies that ICAM-1 could discriminate functionally different populations of Ob and possibly alter the clinical evolution of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lavigne
- Orthopaedics Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Centre hospitalier Sacré-Coeur, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Stasiak M, Mehlin C, Boni E, Vaisar T, Little T, Kim HO, Qabar M. Sulphonamide-based small molecule VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:3875-8. [PMID: 14552799 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a sulphonamide by-product with VLA-4 antagonistic activity led to a series of potent, small molecule VLA-4 antagonists. Synthesis, SAR and in vivo evaluation of the selected compound will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stasiak
- Molecumetics, 2023 120th Avenue N E., Bellevue, WA 98005, USA
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Ozbalkan Z, Aslar AK, Yildiz Y, Aksaray S. Investigation of the course of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines after burn sepsis. Int J Clin Pract 2004; 58:125-9. [PMID: 15055859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2004.0106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines have been considered as important participants in the post-burn pathophysiological process. The aim of this study was to investigate the course of a proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in burned patients and whether there was a correlation between mortality and serum levels of these cytokines. Thirty-six acutely burned patients, admitted to Ankara Numune hospital burn unit, entered into the study. A series of serum samples were collected, and serum levels of IL-8 and IL-10 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. According to definition utilised, 21 patients developed septic shock and nine of them died. There was no mortality among the 17 non-septic patients. In all 36 patients, there was an increase in serum IL-8 levels, and a peak level was detected shortly after burn injury. The peak IL-8 value of the non-survivors was greater when compared with that of the others. On admission, a significant difference in serum IL-8 values was found between survivors and those who died. In all patients, a peak level of IL-10 was detected between 5 and 9 days of injury. In non-septic survivors, this peak level was less when compared with that of the others. After this peak level, in all patients, serum IL-10 levels showed a decrease, but in non-survivors, a second peak level was detected. A greater understanding of the pathology of the burn sepsis allows rationale use and assessment of current therapies. The results obtained in this study provide useful information on the formulation approaches to this task. Also, IL-8 and IL-10 are prognostic factors in burn sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ozbalkan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Lisignoli G, Toneguzzi S, Piacentini A, Cristino S, Cattini L, Grassi F, Facchini A. Recruitment and proliferation of T lymphocytes is supported by IFN?- and TNF?-activated human osteoblasts: Involvement of CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD106 (VCAM-1) adhesion molecules and CXCR3 chemokine receptor. J Cell Physiol 2004; 198:388-98. [PMID: 14755544 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which osteoblasts (OB) interact and modulate the phenotype and proliferation of T lymphocytes during inflammation is not well known. The effects of two regulatory cytokines, TNFalpha and IFNgamma, on the expression of CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD106 (VCAM-1) adhesion molecules and the CXCR3 ligands (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11), were assessed in a primary culture of human OB by real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, we functionally evaluated the recruitment and proliferation of T lymphocytes grown with resting or stimulated OB. According to the present data IFNgamma, either alone or in combination with TNFalpha, significantly up-regulates the expression of CD54 and CD106 and induces the expression and release of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 in OB. The supernatant of TNFalpha- and IFNgamma-activated OB induces the recruitment of T lymphocytes more significantly than stimulation by CXCR3 ligands. T lymphocyte proliferation is significantly enhanced by direct contact with TNFalpha- and IFNgamma-activated OB or by incubation with the supernatant of TNFalpha- and IFNgamma-activated OB. Blocking experiments with anti-CD11a, anti-CD49d, anti-CXCR3, and Bordetella pertussis toxin demonstrate that adhesion molecules and the CXCR3 chemokine receptor play a key role in the proliferation of T lymphocytes. The present study demonstrates the involvement of adhesion molecules (CD11a and CD49d) and chemokine receptor (CXCR3) in the mechanism by which OB recruit, interact, and modulate T lymphocyte proliferation under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Lisignoli
- Laboratorio di Immunologia e Genetica, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Zhu K, Amin MA, Kim MJ, Katschke KJ, Park CC, Koch AE. A novel function for a glucose analog of blood group H antigen as a mediator of leukocyte-endothelial adhesion via intracellular adhesion molecule 1. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:21869-77. [PMID: 12672794 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m213052200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 4A11 antigen is a unique cytokine-inducible antigen up-regulated on rheumatoid arthritis synovial endothelium compared with normal endothelium. In soluble form, this antigen, Lewisy-6/H-5-2 (Ley/H), or its glucose analog, 2-fucosyllactose (H-2g), mediates angiogenesis. The Ley/H antigen is structurally related to the soluble E-selectin ligand, sialyl Lewisx, and is selectively expressed in skin, lymphoid organs, thymus, and synovium, suggesting that it may be important in leukocyte homing or adhesion. In the present study, we used H-2g as a functional substitute to demonstrate a novel property for Ley/H antigen in inducing leukocyte-endothelial adhesion. H-2g significantly enhanced the expression of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), but not vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting showed glycolipids Ley-6, H-5-2, or the glucose analog H-2g quickly activated human microvascular endothelial cell line-1 (HMEC-1) Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and that the JAK2 inhibitor, AG-490, completely inhibited HMVEC ICAM-1 expression and HL-60 adhesion to HMEC-1s. Use of a JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) profiling system confirmed that H-2g selectively activated STAT3 but not STAT1 and STAT2. AG-490 inhibited H-2g-induced Erk1/2 and PI3K-Akt activation, suggesting that JAK2 is upstream of the Erk1/2 and PI3K-Akt pathways. Furthermore, the JAK2 inhibitor AG-490, the Erk1/2 inhibitor PD98059, or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against JAK2, Erk1/2, or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase blocked H-2g-induced HMVEC ICAM-1 expression and HL-60 adhesion to HMEC-1s. Hence, H-2g signals through JAK2 and its downstream signal transducers STAT3, Erk1/2, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase result in ICAM-1 expression and cell adhesion. Potential treatment strategies through the inhibition of JAK-dependent pathways to target H-2g signals may provide a useful approach in inflammation-driven diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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28
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Neeck G, Renkawitz R, Eggert M. Molecular aspects of glucocorticoid hormone action in rheumatoid arthritis. CYTOKINES, CELLULAR & MOLECULAR THERAPY 2002; 7:61-9. [PMID: 12607796 DOI: 10.1080/13684730412331302081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are the most powerful anti-inflammatory drugs used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, endogenous GC are involved in numerous physiological processes. Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) via activation or repression of gene expression. Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor, repression is mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors. In particular, most immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects are exerted by an interaction of GR with the activating protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) families of transcription factors without DNA binding. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) activate the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, whereas GC inhibit IL-1 and TNF-alpha forming a cytokine-HPA axis feedback circuit. The high effectiveness of cytokine-antagonists blocking TNF-alpha or IL-1 in RA and the understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms of GC function will enhance our understanding of autoimmune diseases, such as RA, and could suggest new beneficial therapeutic approaches with fewer side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Neeck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Rheumatology, Rostock Clinic South, Rostock, Germany.
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29
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Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Rodríquez-Calderón R, Díaz de León L, Alcocer-Varela J. Mediators of inflammation are down-regulated while apoptosis is up-regulated in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue by polymerized collagen. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 130:140-9. [PMID: 12296865 PMCID: PMC1906486 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone (collagen-PVP) modifies some proinflammatory responses in synovium cultures from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Synovium from 10 RA patients were cultured with or without 1% collagen-PVP. Tissues on the 3rd, 5th and 7th culture day were sectioned and stained by the Herovici technique. Total collagen and type I/III collagen ratios were evaluated by the Woessner micromethod and by interrupted gel electrophoresis, respectively. Collagenolytic activity was assessed by degradation of [3H]-collagen in supernatants. TIMP-1, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were determined in supernatants by ELISA, and the results were normalized by DNA concentration. IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, TIMP-1, Cox-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and Fas/APO95 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL technique. The histological analysis and electrophoresis revealed a 1.7-fold increase of type III collagen in a time-dependent fashion in collagen-PVP-treated cultures. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta: 58 +/- 9 versus 22 +/- 10; TNF-alpha: 41 +/- 6 versus 11 +/- 3; IL-8: 59 +/- 12 versus 29 +/- 9; treated versus untreated), adhesion molecule (ICAM-1: 57 +/- 11 versus 29 +/- 15; VCAM-1: 49 +/- 7 versus 21 +/- 13; treated versus untreated) as well as Cox-1 (59 +/- 10 versus 20 +/- 3) expression was down-regulated in RA synovium treated. Meanwhile, TIMP-1 (36 +/- 7 versus 57 +/- 11) and Fas expression (20 +/- 10 versus 55 +/- 13) and apoptosis (14 +/- 3 versus 55 +/- 5) were up-regulated in treated cultures compared with controls. In supernatants, the collagenolytic activity, as well as IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, levels were all down-regulated in treated cultures (two, three, fourfold, respectively). The addition of collagen-PVP to synovium-induced down-modulation of some inflammatory parameters and an increase in apoptosis of synovial cells. Perhaps this mechanism could contribute to inhibit outgrowth of pannus formation and to down-regulate inflammation of joints in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Department of Cellular Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
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30
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Volin MV, Campbell PL, Connors MA, Woodruff DC, Koch AE. The effect of sulfasalazine on rheumatoid arthritic synovial tissue chemokine production. Exp Mol Pathol 2002; 73:84-92. [PMID: 12231210 DOI: 10.1006/exmp.2002.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an aggressive inflammatory disease in which chemokines are thought to recruit leukocytes and induce angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) and its metabolites, sulfapyridine (SP), and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA) on chemokine production by RA synovial tissue explants and interleukin (IL)-1beta-stimulated RA synovial tissue fibroblasts using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry. Synovial tissue explants from RA patients secreted a decreased amount of the chemokines IL-8 and growth-related gene product alpha (GROalpha) when treated with SASP over a broad range of concentrations based on the typical clinical dosage of 2 g/day. SP had a significant effect in that it decreased RA synovial tissue explant secretion of IL-8 (22%), GROalpha (55%), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) (42%) (P < 0.05). 5ASA had no effect on RA synovial tissue explant production of IL-8 and MCP-1, while increasing GROalpha production. In IL-1beta-stimulated RA synovial tissue fibroblasts, SASP significantly increased chemokine secretion, while SP significantly decreased IL-8 (24%) and GROalpha (21%) secretion (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the number of IL-8 expressing RA synovial tissue fibroblasts did not significantly change following SP treatment. These data suggest that SASP may function to reduce inflammation in RA through the effects of its metabolite SP to reduce the secretion of the inflammatory chemokines IL-8, GROalpha, and MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Volin
- Department of Medicine, Nortwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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31
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Scallon B, Cai A, Solowski N, Rosenberg A, Song XY, Shealy D, Wagner C. Binding and functional comparisons of two types of tumor necrosis factor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 301:418-26. [PMID: 11961039 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.301.2.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists infliximab (a chimeric monoclonal antibody) and etanercept (a p75 TNF receptor/Fc fusion protein) have been approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, these agents have shown different degrees of clinical benefit in controlled clinical trials in other TNF-mediated diseases such as Crohn's disease (CD) and psoriasis. We investigated whether structural differences between these two antagonists translate into different binding and functional characteristics. To study the binding of infliximab and etanercept to both the soluble and cell-surface transmembrane forms of TNF, a variety of in vitro binding and cell-based assays were performed. Binding assays using (125)I-labeled TNF showed that infliximab binds to both monomer and trimer forms of soluble TNF (sTNF), whereas etanercept binding is restricted to the trimer form. Infliximab formed stable complexes with sTNF, whereas etanercept formed relatively unstable complexes, resulting in release of dissociated TNF. KYM-1D4 cell killing assays and human umbilical vein endothelial cell activation assays demonstrated that TNF that had dissociated from etanercept was bioactive. Infliximab also formed more stable complexes with the transmembrane form of TNF expressed on transfected cells relative to analogous complexes formed with etanercept. Additionally, more infliximab molecules bound to the transmembrane TNF with higher avidity than etanercept. Although both infliximab and etanercept inhibited transmembrane TNF-mediated activation of human endothelial cells, infliximab was significantly more effective. The differences between infliximab and etanercept in their TNF binding characteristics may help explain their differential efficacy in CD and psoriasis clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Scallon
- Research and Development, Centocor, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355-1307, USA.
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32
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Yusuf-Makagiansar H, Anderson ME, Yakovleva TV, Murray JS, Siahaan TJ. Inhibition of LFA-1/ICAM-1 and VLA-4/VCAM-1 as a therapeutic approach to inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Med Res Rev 2002; 22:146-67. [PMID: 11857637 DOI: 10.1002/med.10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on providing insights into the structural basis and clinical relevance of LFA-1 and VLA-4 inhibition by peptides and small molecules as adhesion-based therapeutic strategies for inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Interactions of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) play central roles in mediating immune and inflammatory responses. Leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1, alpha(L)beta(2), and CD11a/CD18) and very late antigen (VLA-4, alpha(4)beta(1), and CD49d/CD29) are members of integrin-type CAM that are predominantly involved in leukocyte trafficking and extravasation. LFA-1 is exclusively expressed on leukocytes and interacts with its ligands ICAM-1, -2, and -3 to promote a variety of homotypic and heterotypic cell adhesion events required for normal and pathologic functions of the immune systems. VLA-4 is expressed mainly on lymphocyte, monocytes, and eosinophils, but is not found on neutrophils. VLA-4 interacts with its ligands VCAM-1 and fibronectin (FN) CS1 during chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, transplant-rejection, and allergy. Blockade of LFA-1 and VLA-4 interactions with their ligands is a potential target for immunosuppression. LFA-1 and VLA-4 antagonists (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) are being developed for controlling inflammation and autoimmune diseases. The therapeutic intervention of mostly mAb-based has been extensively studied. However, due to the challenging relative efficacy/safety ratio of mAb-based therapy application, especially in terms of systemic administration and immunogenic potential, strategic alternatives in the forms of peptide, peptide mimetic inhibitors, and small molecule non-peptide antagonists are being sought. Linear and cyclic peptides derived from the sequences of LFA-1, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, VCAM-1, and FN C1 have been shown to have inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. Finally, understanding the mechanism of LFA-1 and VLA-4 binding to their ligands has become a fundamental basis in developing therapeutic agents for inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Yusuf-Makagiansar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Simons Research Laboratory, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Guthrie L, Henson PM. Differential Effects of Apoptotic Versus Lysed Cells on Macrophage Production of Cytokines: Role of Proteases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2001; 166:6847-54. [PMID: 11359844 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.11.6847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Granulocytes undergoing apoptosis are recognized and removed by phagocytes before their lysis. The release of their formidable arsenal of proteases and other toxic intracellular contents into tissues can create significant damage, prolonging the inflammatory response. Binding and/or uptake of apoptotic cells by macrophages inhibits release of proinflammatory cytokines by mechanisms that involve anti-inflammatory mediators, including TGF-beta. To model the direct effects of necrotic cells on macrophage cytokine production, we added lysed or apoptotic neutrophils and lymphocytes to mouse and human macrophages in the absence of serum to avoid complement activation. The results confirmed the ability of lysed neutrophils, but not lymphocytes, to significantly stimulate production of macrophage-inflammatory protein 2 or IL-8, TNF-alpha, and IL-10. Concomitantly, induction of TGF-beta1 by lysed neutrophils was significantly lower than that observed for apoptotic cells. The addition of selected serine protease inhibitors and anti-human elastase Ab markedly reduced the proinflammatory effects, the lysed neutrophils then behaving as an anti-inflammatory stimulus similar to intact apoptotic cells. Separation of lysed neutrophils into membrane and soluble fractions showed that the neutrophil membranes behaved like apoptotic cells. Thus, the cytokine response seen when macrophages were exposed to lysed neutrophils was largely due to liberated proteases. Therefore, we suggest that anti-inflammatory signals can be given by PtdSer-containing cell membranes, whether from early apoptotic, late apoptotic, or lysed cells, but can be overcome by proteases liberated during lysis. Therefore, the outcome of an inflammatory reaction and the potential immunogenicity of Ags within the damaged cell will be determined by which signals predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Fadok
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Gibson AW, Edberg JC, Wu J, Westendorp RG, Huizinga TW, Kimberly RP. Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the distal IL-10 promoter affect IL-10 production and enhance the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:3915-22. [PMID: 11238636 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.6.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Family studies of first-degree relatives and analysis of twins indicate that as much as 75% of the differences in quantitative IL-10 production in man derive from heritable genetic factors. Studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the proximal 1.0 kb of the IL-10 promoter have yielded inconsistent association with IL-10 production and variable results in promoter-reporter studies. However, in normal donors, an association of quantitative production with certain alleles of the IL-10.R short tandem repeat polymorphism at -4.0 kb suggested that SNPs in the more distal promoter might be informative. We have identified seven novel SNP sites in the genomic sequence of the first 4 kb of the IL-10 promoter region 5' to the ATG start site from Caucasian individuals with either a high or a low IL-10 production phenotype. We have also identified eight SNP haplotypes in the distal promoter that segregate with significant differences in quantitative IL-10 production in normal donors. These SNPs are significantly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in African-Americans and may define one component of the genetic susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Gibson
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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35
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Jüsten HP, Grünewald E, Totzke G, Gouni-Berthold I, Sachinidis A, Wessinghage D, Vetter H, Schulze-Osthoff K, Ko Y. Differential gene expression in synovium of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS : MCBRC 2000; 3:165-72. [PMID: 10860865 DOI: 10.1006/mcbr.2000.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are the major types of arthritis. Although both diseases are characterized by joint destruction, their etiologies are different. To get insights into pathophysiological pathways, we used the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method to identify differentially expressed genes in RA. DNA sequencing identified 12 gene products including cytoskeletal gamma-actin and extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin, collagen III alpha(1), and superficial zone protein. Interferon gamma-inducible genes such as a novel thiol reductase, two genes of unknown function (HSIFNIN4, RING3), and annexin II were also found. Two genes encoded proteins involved in proliferation such as elongation factor 1 alpha and the granulin precursor. Furthermore, the protease cathepsin B and synovial phospholipase A2 group IIA were detected by SSH. To confirm the differential expression of the genes, we performed RT-PCR analyses of RA and OA synovial tissues. Compared to OA patients, 9 of the 12 genes were overexpressed in RA, suggesting that SSH is a powerful tool for the detection of differential gene expression in synovial tissues. Further characterization of the gene products may help to identify pathophysiological mechanisms in arthritic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Jüsten
- Clinic of Orthopedics, University of Regensburg, Bad Abbach, Germany
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