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Harvati K, Reyes-Centeno H. Evolution of Homo in the Middle and Late Pleistocene. J Hum Evol 2022; 173:103279. [PMID: 36375244 PMCID: PMC9703123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Middle and Late Pleistocene is arguably the most interesting period in human evolution. This broad period witnessed the evolution of our own lineage, as well as that of our sister taxon, the Neanderthals, and related Denisovans. It is exceptionally rich in both fossil and archaeological remains, and uniquely benefits from insights gained through molecular approaches, such as paleogenetics and paleoproteomics, that are currently not widely applicable in earlier contexts. This wealth of information paints a highly complex picture, often described as 'the Muddle in the Middle,' defying the common adage that 'more evidence is needed' to resolve it. Here we review competing phylogenetic scenarios and the historical and theoretical developments that shaped our approaches to the fossil record, as well as some of the many remaining open questions associated with this period. We propose that advancing our understanding of this critical time requires more than the addition of data and will necessitate a major shift in our conceptual and theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Harvati
- Paleoanthropology, Institute for Archaeological Sciences and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, Tübingen 72070, Germany; DFG Centre for Advanced Studies 'Words, Bones, Genes, Tools: Tracking Linguistic, Cultural and Biological Trajectories of the Human Past', Rümelinstrasse 19-23, Tübingen 72070, Germany.
| | - Hugo Reyes-Centeno
- Department of Anthropology, University of Kentucky, 211 Lafferty Hall, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; William S. Webb Museum of Anthropology, University of Kentucky, 1020 Export St, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
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Wells T, Carruthers T, Muñoz-Rodríguez P, Sumadijaya A, Wood JRI, Scotland RW. Species as a heuristic: reconciling theory and practice. Syst Biol 2021; 71:1233-1243. [PMID: 34672346 PMCID: PMC9366457 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Species are crucial to most branches of biological research, yet remain controversial in terms of definition, delimitation, and reality. The difficulty of resolving the “species problem” stems from the tension between their theoretical concept as groups of evolving and highly variable organisms and the practical need for a stable and comparable unit of biology. Here, we suggest that treating species as a heuristic can be consistent with a theoretical definition of what species are and with the practical means by which they are identified and delimited. Specifically, we suggest that theoretically species are heuristic since they comprise clusters of closely related individuals responding in a similar manner to comparable sets of evolutionary and ecological forces, whilst they are practically heuristic because they are identifiable by the congruence of contingent properties indicative of those forces. This reconciliation of the theoretical basis of species with their practical applications in biological research allows for a loose but relatively consistent definition of species based on the strategic analysis and integration of genotypic, phenotypic, and ecotypic data. [Cohesion; heuristic; homeostasis; lineage; species problem.]
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wells
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Alex Sumadijaya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Indonesia
| | - John R I Wood
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
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Bangs MR, Douglas MR, Chafin TK, Douglas ME. Gene flow and species delimitation in fishes of Western North America: Flannelmouth ( Catostomus latipinnis) and Bluehead sucker ( C. Pantosteus discobolus). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6477-6493. [PMID: 32724527 PMCID: PMC7381754 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The delimitation of species boundaries, particularly those obscured by reticulation, is a critical step in contemporary biodiversity assessment. It is especially relevant for conservation and management of indigenous fishes in western North America, represented herein by two species with dissimilar life histories codistributed in the highly modified Colorado River (i.e., flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus latipinnis; bluehead sucker, C. (Pantosteus) discobolus). To quantify phylogenomic patterns and examine proposed taxonomic revisions, we first employed double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD), yielding 39,755 unlinked SNPs across 139 samples. These were subsequently evaluated with multiple analytical approaches and by contrasting life history data. Three phylogenetic methods and a Bayesian assignment test highlighted similar phylogenomic patterns in each, but with considerable difference in presumed times of divergence. Three lineages were detected in bluehead sucker, supporting elevation of C. (P.) virescens to species status and recognizing C. (P.) discobolus yarrowi (Zuni bluehead sucker) as a discrete entity. Admixture in the latter necessitated a reevaluation of its contemporary and historic distributions, underscoring how biodiversity identification can be confounded by complex evolutionary histories. In addition, we defined three separate flannelmouth sucker lineages as ESUs (evolutionarily significant units), given limited phenotypic and genetic differentiation, contemporary isolation, and lack of concordance (per the genealogical concordance component of the phylogenetic species concept). Introgression was diagnosed in both species, with the Little Colorado and Virgin rivers in particular. Our diagnostic methods, and the agreement of our SNPs with previous morphological, enzymatic, and mitochondrial work, allowed us to partition complex evolutionary histories into requisite components, such as isolation versus secondary contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R. Bangs
- Department of Biological SciencesFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
| | - Marlis R. Douglas
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
| | - Tyler K. Chafin
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
| | - Michael E. Douglas
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
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Moving Speciation Genetics Forward: Modern Techniques Build on Foundational Studies in Drosophila. Genetics 2018; 207:825-842. [PMID: 29097397 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.187120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of how new species evolve has been examined at every level, from macroevolutionary patterns of diversification to molecular population genetic analyses of specific genomic regions between species pairs. Drosophila has been at the center of many of these research efforts. Though our understanding of the speciation process has grown considerably over the past few decades, very few genes have been identified that contribute to barriers to reproduction. The development of advanced molecular genetic and genomic methods provides promising avenues for the rapid discovery of more genes that contribute to speciation, particularly those involving prezygotic isolation. The continued expansion of tools and resources, especially for species other than Drosophila melanogaster, will be most effective when coupled with comparative approaches that reveal the genetic basis of reproductive isolation across a range of divergence times. Future research programs in Drosophila have high potential to answer long-standing questions in speciation. These include identifying the selective forces that contribute to divergence between populations and the genetic basis of traits that cause reproductive isolation. The latter can be expanded upon to understand how the genetic basis of reproductive isolation changes over time and whether certain pathways and genes are more commonly involved.
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Tanghe KB. A Historical Taxonomy of Origin of Species Problems and Its Relevance to the Historiography of Evolutionary Thought. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 2017; 50:927-987. [PMID: 27822903 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-016-9453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Historians tend to speak of the problem of the origin of species or the species question, as if it were a monolithic problem. In reality, the phrase (or similar variants) refers to a, historically, surprisingly fluid and pluriform scientific issue. It has, in the course of the past five centuries, been used in no less than ten different ways or contexts. A clear taxonomy of these separate problems is useful or relevant in two ways. It certainly helps to disentangle confusions that have inevitably emerged in the literature in its absence. It may, secondly, also help us to gain a more thorough understanding, or sharper view, of the (pre)history of evolutionary thought. A consequent problem-centric look at that (pre)history through the lens of various origin of species problems certainly yields intriguing results, including and particularly for our understanding of the genesis of the Wallace-Darwin theory of evolution through natural selection.
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Radenković S, Šašić Zorić L, Djan M, Obreht Vidaković D, Ačanski J, Ståhls G, Veličković N, Markov Z, Petanidou T, Kočiš Tubić N, Vujić A. Cryptic speciation in theMerodon luteomaculatuscomplex (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the eastern Mediterranean. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Radenković
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Šašić Zorić
- BioSense Institute - Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Mihajla Djan
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Dragana Obreht Vidaković
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jelena Ačanski
- BioSense Institute - Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit; Finnish Museum of Natural History; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Nevena Veličković
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Zlata Markov
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology; Department of Geography; University of the Aegean; Mytilene Greece
| | - Nataša Kočiš Tubić
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
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Montanari SR, Hobbs JPA, Pratchett MS, Bay LK, van Herwerden L. Naturally occurring hybrids of coral reef butterflyfishes have similar fitness compared to parental species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173212. [PMID: 28257492 PMCID: PMC5336293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridisation can produce evolutionary novelty by increasing fitness and adaptive capacity. Heterosis, or hybrid vigour, has been documented in many plant and animal taxa, and is a notable consequence of hybridisation that has been exploited for decades in agriculture and aquaculture. On the contrary, loss of fitness in naturally occurring hybrid taxa has been observed in many cases. This can have negative consequences for the parental species involved (wasted reproductive effort), and has raised concerns for species conservation. This study evaluates the relative fitness of previously documented butterflyfish hybrids of the genus Chaetodon from the Indo-Pacific suture zone at Christmas Island. Histological examination confirmed the reproductive viability of Chaetodon hybrids. Examination of liver lipid content showed that hybrid body condition was not significantly different from parent species body condition. Lastly, size at age data revealed no difference in growth rates and asymptotic length between hybrids and parent species. Based on the traits measured in this study, naturally occurring hybrids of Chaetodon butterflyfishes have similar fitness to their parental species, and are unlikely to supplant parental species under current environmental conditions at the suture zone. However, given sufficient fitness and ongoing genetic exchange between the respective parental species, hybrids are likely to persist within the suture zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano R. Montanari
- AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jean-Paul A. Hobbs
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Morgan S. Pratchett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Line K. Bay
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Lynne van Herwerden
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Davis MA, Douglas MR, Collyer ML, Douglas ME. Deconstructing a Species-Complex: Geometric Morphometric and Molecular Analyses Define Species in the Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146166. [PMID: 26816132 PMCID: PMC4731396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological data are a conduit for the recognition and description of species, and their acquisition has recently been broadened by geometric morphometric (GM) approaches that co-join the collection of digital data with exploratory 'big data' analytics. We employed this approach to dissect the Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) species-complex in North America, currently partitioned by mitochondrial (mt)DNA analyses into eastern and western lineages (two and seven subspecies, respectively). The GM data (i.e., 33 dorsal and 50 lateral head landmarks) were gleaned from 2,824 individuals located in 10 museum collections. We also downloaded and concatenated sequences for six mtDNA genes from the NCBI GenBank database. GM analyses revealed significant head shape differences attributable to size and subspecies-designation (but not their interactions). Pairwise shape distances among subspecies were significantly greater than those derived from ancestral character states via squared-change parsimony, with the greatest differences separating those most closely related. This, in turn, suggests the potential for historic character displacement as a diversifying force in the complex. All subspecies, save one, were significantly differentiated in a Bayesian discriminant function analysis (DFA), regardless of whether our priors were uniform or informative (i.e., mtDNA data). Finally, shape differences among sister-clades were significantly greater than expected by chance alone under a Brownian model of evolution, promoting the hypothesis that selection rather than drift was the driving force in the evolution of the complex. Lastly, we combine head shape and mtDNA data so as to derived an integrative taxonomy that produced robust boundaries for six OTUs (operational taxonomic units) of the C. viridis complex. We suggest these boundaries are concomitant with species-status and subsequently provide a relevant nomenclature for its recognition and representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Davis
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, United States of America
| | - Marlis R. Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Collyer
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, United States of America
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Lukhtanov VA, Dantchenko AV, Vishnevskaya MS, Saifitdinova AF. Detecting cryptic species in sympatry and allopatry: analysis of hidden diversity inPolyommatus(Agrodiaetus) butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics; Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences; Universitetskaya nab. 1 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Entomology; St Petersburg State University; Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexander V. Dantchenko
- Department of Entomology; St Petersburg State University; Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Maria S. Vishnevskaya
- Department of Entomology; St Petersburg State University; Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alsu F. Saifitdinova
- Department of Cytology and Histology; St Petersburg State University; Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
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Sullivan BK, Douglas MR, Walker JM, Cordes JE, Davis MA, Anthonysamy WJB, Sullivan KO, Douglas ME. Conservation and Management of Polytypic Species: The Little Striped Whiptail Complex (Aspidoscelis inornata) as a Case Study. COPEIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-13-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Sullivan BK, Walker JM, Taylor HL, Cordes JE, Kwiatkowski MA, Sullivan KO, Sullivan JR, Douglas MR, Douglas ME. Morphological Diagnosability ofAspidoscelis arizonae(Squamata: Teiidae) as an Indication of Evolutionary Divergence in theAspidoscelis inornataComplex. COPEIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1643/ch-12-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pruvost NBM, Hoffmann A, Reyer HU. Gamete production patterns, ploidy, and population genetics reveal evolutionary significant units in hybrid water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus). Ecol Evol 2013; 3:2933-46. [PMID: 24101984 PMCID: PMC3790541 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The European water frog Pelophylax esculentus is a natural hybrid between P. lessonae (genotype LL) and P. ridibundus (RR). It reproduces through hybridogenesis, eliminating one parental genome from its germline and producing gametes containing the genome of the other parental species. According to previous studies, this elimination and transmission pattern is very diverse. In mixed populations, where only diploid hybrids (LR) live in sympatry and mate with one or both parental species, the excluded genome varies among regions, and the remaining genome is transmitted clonally to haploid gametes. In all-hybrid populations consisting of diploid (LR) and triploid (LLR and/or LRR) frogs, diploid individuals also produce gametes clonally (1n in males, 2n in females), whereas triploids eliminate the genome they have in single copy and produce haploid gametes containing the recombined other genome. However, here, too, regional differences seem to exist, and some triploids have been reported to produce diploid gametes. In order to systematically study such regional and genotype differences in gamete production, their potential origin, and their consequences for the breeding system, we sampled frogs from five populations in three European countries, performed crossing experiments, and investigated the genetic variation through microsatellite analysis. For four populations, one in Poland, two in Germany, and one in Slovakia, our results confirmed the elimination and transmission pattern described above. In one Slovakian population, however, we found a totally different pattern. Here, triploid males (LLR) produce sperm with a clonally transmitted diploid LL genome, rather than a haploid recombined L genome, and LR females clonally produce haploid R eggs, rather than diploid LR eggs. These differences among the populations in gamete production go along with differences in genomotype composition, breeding system (i.e., the way triploids are produced), and genetic variation. These differences are strong evidence for a polyphyletic origin of triploids. Moreover, our findings shed light on the evolutionary potential inherent to the P. esculentus complex, where rare events due to untypical gametogenetic processes can lead to the raise, the perpetuation, and the dispersion of new evolutionary significant lineages which may also deserve special conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas B M Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Carmel J, Rashkovetsky E, Nevo E, Korol A. Differential Expression of Small Heat Shock Protein Genes Hsp23 and Hsp40, and heat shock gene Hsr-omega in Fruit Flies (Drosophila melanogaster) along a Microclimatic Gradient. J Hered 2011; 102:593-603. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esr027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Puillandre N, Sysoev AV, Olivera BM, Couloux A, Bouchet P. Loss of planktotrophy and speciation: geographical fragmentation in the deep-water gastropod genusBathytoma(Gastropoda, Conoidea) in the western Pacific. SYST BIODIVERS 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14772001003748709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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COCROFT REGINALDB, RODRÍGUEZ RAFAELL, HUNT RANDYE. Host shifts and signal divergence: mating signals covary with host use in a complex of specialized plant-feeding insects. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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PUILLANDRE NICOLAS, BAYLAC MICHEL, BOISSELIER MARIECATHERINE, CRUAUD CORINNE, SAMADI SARAH. An integrative approach to species delimitation in Benthomangelia (Mollusca: Conoidea). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Herder F, Pfaender J, Schliewen UK. ADAPTIVE SYMPATRIC SPECIATION OF POLYCHROMATIC “ROUNDFIN” SAILFIN SILVERSIDE FISH IN LAKE MATANO (SULAWESI). Evolution 2008; 62:2178-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Calcagno V, Thomas Y, Bourguet D. Sympatric host races of the European corn borer: adaptation to host plants and hybrid performance. J Evol Biol 2007; 20:1720-9. [PMID: 17714289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, is a major pest of maize crops. In Europe, two sympatric host races are found: one feeds on maize (Zea mays) and the other mainly on mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris). The two host races are genetically differentiated, seldom crossing in the laboratory or in the field, and females preferentially lay eggs on their native host species. We conducted two independent experiments, in field and greenhouse conditions, to determine whether the two host races are locally adapted to their host species. The effect of larval density and the performance of hybrids were also investigated. Despite some differences in overall larval feeding performance, both experiments revealed consistent patterns of local adaptation for survival and for larval weight in males. In females the same trend was observed but with weaker statistical support. F1 hybrids did not seem to be disadvantaged compared with the two parental races. Overall, our results showed that both host races are physiologically adapted to their native host. The fitness trade-off between the two host plants provides a potential driving force for ecological speciation in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Calcagno
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR CBGP (INRA-IRD-CIRAD-Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-Sur-Lez, France.
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Barnosky AD, Kraatz BP. The Role of Climatic Change in the Evolution of Mammals. Bioscience 2007. [DOI: 10.1641/b570615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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FROLOV ANDREIN, BOURGUET DENIS, PONSARD SERGINE. Reconsidering the taxomony of several Ostrinia species in the light of reproductive isolation: a tale for Ernst Mayr. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Korol A, Rashkovetsky E, Iliadi K, Nevo E. Drosophila flies in "Evolution Canyon" as a model for incipient sympatric speciation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:18184-9. [PMID: 17108081 PMCID: PMC1838727 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608777103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of population divergence leading to adaptive radiation and speciation is a major unresolved problem of evolutionary biology. Molecular elucidation of "speciation genes" advanced recently, yet it remains without clear identification of the gene complexes participating in reproductive isolation between natural populations, particularly, in sympatry. Genetic divergence was discovered between Drosophila melanogaster populations inhabiting ecologically contrasting, opposite slopes in "Evolution Canyon" (EC), Mt. Carmel, Israel. Interslope migration of flies is easy and verified. Nevertheless, significant interslope D. melanogaster population divergence was established at EC involving habitat choice, mate choice, thermal and drought tolerances, adaptive genes, and mobile elements. Parallel patterns of stress tolerance, habitat choice, and mate choice were demonstrated in Drosophila simulans at EC, although on a smaller scale. However, some tests for interslope genetic differentiation in Drosophila, derived from the opposite EC slopes, gave somewhat controversial results. Here we present new empirical data on interslope genetic divergence of Drosophila at EC, and summarize previous supporting and controversial results. We suggest that Drosophila populations at EC represent a rare example, demonstrating how selection overrides migration, and propose an ad hoc ecological model of incipient sympatric divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Korol
- *Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel; and
| | - Eugenia Rashkovetsky
- *Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel; and
| | - Konstantin Iliadi
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 6018 McMaster Building, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- *Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel; and
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Korol A, Rashkovetsky E, Nevo E. Enigmatic Flies: Is Drosophila in the "Evolution Canyon" A Model for Incipient Sympatric speciation? Isr J Ecol Evol 2006. [DOI: 10.1560/ijee_52_3-4_507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Extensive studies of biota at "Evolution Canyon" (EC) on Mount Carmel (Nahal Oren Canyon, Israel) includeDrosophilaas one of the main model organisms. The microtopography of the EC permits interslope mixing by easy migration of the flies. Nevertheless, we found strong interslope differentiation inDrosophilapopulations derived from the opposite slopes involving habitat choice, as well as various aspects of induced changes in viability and longevity caused by short-term and lifetime high-temperature treatments. The most exciting findings were related to sexual behavior: interslope differences in mating propensity, sexual discrimination, reproductive activity, peculiarities in courtship song patterns, and significant positive assortative mating. Some of the foregoing effects were also confirmed inD. simulans.The evidence suggests that these populations are examples of ongoing divergence taking place regardless of gene flow. However, tests for interslope genetic differentiation inDrosophila, carried out in a number of laboratories, gave somewhat conflicting results. A possible explanation could be that adaptive differentiation can withstand destructive effects of interslope migration, but it should not necessarily be accompanied by differentiation for selectively neutral markers, unless the latter will be in linkage disequilibrium with selected loci. The last condition can also be maintained despite migration, but only under tight linkage and strong selection. For someDrosophilagenes, linkage disequilibrium is known to decay within just a few kilobases. Thus, differentiation for adaptive trait complexes and relevant candidate genes seems to be much better evidence for interslope divergent selection than that displayed by genetic distances estimated using molecular markers.
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Woodman JD, Ash JE, Rowell DM. Population structure in a saproxylic funnelweb spider (Hexathelidae: Hadronyche) along a forested rainfall gradient. J Zool (1987) 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2005.00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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WHITEMAN HOWARDH, SEMLITSCH RAYMONDD. Asymmetric reproductive isolation among polymorphic salamanders. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bethenod MT, Thomas Y, Rousset F, Frérot B, Pélozuelo L, Genestier G, Bourguet D. Genetic isolation between two sympatric host plant races of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner. II: assortative mating and host-plant preferences for oviposition. Heredity (Edinb) 2005; 94:264-70. [PMID: 15562285 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, colonized maize (Zea mays L.) after its introduction into Europe about 500 years ago and is now considered one of the main pests of this crop. In northern France, two sympatric host races have been described: one feeding on maize and the other on mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) and hop (Humulus lupulus L.). In a previous study, we showed that mating between the two races may be impeded by differences in the timing of moth emergence and in the composition of the sex pheromone produced by the females. In this study, we further investigated the genetic isolation of these two races using strains from the maize (Z strain) and mugwort (E strain) races selected for diagnostic alleles at two allozyme loci. In a cage containing maize and mugwort plants and located in natural conditions, mating between individuals of the same strain occurred more often than mating between males and females of the E and Z strains. In particular, we obtained no evidence for crosses between Z females and E males. We also found that females of the Z strain laid their eggs almost exclusively on maize, whereas females of the E strain laid their eggs preferentially, but not exclusively, on mugwort. These results suggest that the genetic differentiation between the two host races may also be favored by host-plant preference, one of the first steps toward sympatric speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-T Bethenod
- Unité Génétique Microbienne et Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, La Minière, Guyancourt 78 285, France
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Doebeli M, Dieckmann U, Metz JAJ, Tautz D. WHAT WE HAVE ALSO LEARNED: ADAPTIVE SPECTIATION IS THEORETICALLY PLAUSIBLE. Evolution 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Doebeli M, Dieckmann U, Metz JAJ, Tautz D. WHAT WE HAVE ALSO LEARNED: ADAPTIVE SPECIATION IS THEORETICALLY PLAUSIBLE. Evolution 2005. [DOI: 10.1554/04-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Barnosky AD, Bell CJ. Evolution, climatic change and species boundaries: perspectives from tracing Lemmiscus curtatus populations through time and space. Proc Biol Sci 2004; 270:2585-90. [PMID: 14728781 PMCID: PMC1691544 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2003.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide empirical evidence of species boundaries and the role of climatic change in affecting evolution, we documented evolution of the sagebrush vole, Lemmiscus curtatus, through hundreds of thousands of years by following populations from the middle Pleistocene to the present. We found that: (i) extant representatives of the species culminate a morphological transition that was initiated within an unusually arid and warm interglacial period, perhaps related to the shift from glacial-interglacial cycles dominated by a 41,000 year periodicity to those dominated by a 100,000 year rhythm; and (ii) sympatry of extant and extinct morphotypes persisted for more than 800,000 years. This exceptionally detailed tracing of extinct populations into extant ones suggests that species such as the one we studied are real entities in space, that their boundaries become fuzzy (although potentially diagnosable) through time and that unusual climatic warming may initiate significant evolutionary change manifested at the morphological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Barnosky
- Museum of Paleontology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Lu J, Li WH, Wu CI. Comment on "Chromosomal Speciation and Molecular Divergence-Accelerated Evolution in Rearranged Chromosomes". Science 2003; 302:988-988. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1088277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chung-I Wu
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Björklund M. Speciation in birds - a complete picture? J Evol Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rieseberg LH, Widmer A, Arntz AM, Burke JM. Directional selection is the primary cause of phenotypic diversification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:12242-5. [PMID: 12221290 PMCID: PMC129429 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192360899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection is widely accepted as the principal force shaping phenotypic variation within populations. Its importance in speciation and macroevolution has been questioned, however, because phenotypic differences between species or higher taxa sometimes appear to be nonadaptive. Here, we use the quantitative trait locus (QTL) sign test to evaluate the importance of directional selection in phenotypic divergence. If a trait has a history of directional selection, QTL effects should be mostly in the same direction; otherwise QTLs with antagonistic effects should be common. Analysis of QTL effects for 572 traits from 86 studies revealed significantly fewer antagonistic QTLs than expected under neutrality, a result that validates Darwin's claim that phenotypic diversification is caused mainly by selection. Moreover, interspecific trait differences were more strongly or consistently selected than intraspecific differences, strengthening a growing consensus among students of speciation that directional selection is the primary cause of speciation. Contrary to studies of selection in contemporary populations, life history traits appear to be selected more strongly than morphological traits, but traits related to the timing of development are weakly selected relative to most other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-3700, USA.
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Drès M, Mallet J. Host races in plant-feeding insects and their importance in sympatric speciation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2002; 357:471-92. [PMID: 12028786 PMCID: PMC1692958 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a continuous array of sympatric biotypes - from polymorphisms, through ecological or host races with increasing reproductive isolation, to good species - can provide strong evidence for a continuous route to sympatric speciation via natural selection. Host races in plant-feeding insects, in particular, have often been used as evidence for the probability of sympatric speciation. Here, we provide verifiable criteria to distinguish host races from other biotypes: in brief, host races are genetically differentiated, sympatric populations of parasites that use different hosts and between which there is appreciable gene flow. We recognize host races as kinds of species that regularly exchange genes with other species at a rate of more than ca. 1% per generation, rather than as fundamentally distinct taxa. Host races provide a convenient, although admittedly somewhat arbitrary intermediate stage along the speciation continuum. They are a heuristic device to aid in evaluating the probability of speciation by natural selection, particularly in sympatry. Speciation is thereby envisaged as having two phases: (i) the evolution of host races from within polymorphic, panmictic populations; and (ii) further reduction of gene flow between host races until the diverging populations can become generally accepted as species. We apply this criterion to 21 putative host race systems. Of these, only three are unambiguously classified as host races, but a further eight are strong candidates that merely lack accurate information on rates of hybridization or gene flow. Thus, over one-half of the cases that we review are probably or certainly host races, under our definition. Our review of the data favours the idea of sympatric speciation via host shift for three major reasons: (i) the evolution of assortative mating as a pleiotropic by-product of adaptation to a new host seems likely, even in cases where mating occurs away from the host; (ii) stable genetic differences in half of the cases attest to the power of natural selection to maintain multilocus polymorphisms with substantial linkage disequilibrium, in spite of probable gene flow; and (iii) this linkage disequilibrium should permit additional host adaptation, leading to further reproductive isolation via pleiotropy, and also provides conditions suitable for adaptive evolution of mate choice (reinforcement) to cause still further reductions in gene flow. Current data are too sparse to rule out a cryptic discontinuity in the apparently stable sympatric route from host-associated polymorphism to host-associated species, but such a hiatus seems unlikely on present evidence. Finally, we discuss applications of an understanding of host races in conservation and in managing adaptation by pests to control strategies, including those involving biological control or transgenic parasite-resistant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Drès
- Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE UK
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