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Celik D, Campisi M, Cannella L, Pavanello S. The effect of low birth weight as an intrauterine exposure on the early onset of sarcopenia through possible molecular pathways. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:770-780. [PMID: 38553412 PMCID: PMC11154781 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a musculoskeletal disease characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, presents significant challenges to global public health due to its adverse effects on mobility, morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This comprehensive review explores the intricate connections between sarcopenia and low birth weight (LBW), emphasizing the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, inflammatory processes (inflammaging), mitochondrial dysfunction, circadian rhythm disruptions, epigenetic mechanisms, and genetic variations revealed through genome-wide studies (GWAS). A systematic search strategy was developed using PubMed to identify relevant English-language publications on sarcopenia, LBW, DOHaD, inflammaging, mitochondrial dysfunction, circadian disruption, epigenetic mechanisms, and GWAS. The publications consist of 46.2% reviews, 21.2% cohort studies, 4.8% systematic reviews, 1.9% cross-sectional studies, 13.4% animal studies, 4.8% genome-wide studies, 5.8% epigenome-wide studies, and 1.9% book chapters. The review identified key factors contributing to sarcopenia development, including the DOHaD hypothesis, LBW impact on muscle mass, inflammaging, mitochondrial dysfunction, the influence of clock genes, the role of epigenetic mechanisms, and genetic variations revealed through GWAS. The DOHaD theory suggests that LBW induces epigenetic alterations during foetal development, impacting long-term health outcomes, including the early onset of sarcopenia. LBW correlates with reduced muscle mass, grip strength, and lean body mass in adulthood, increasing the risk of sarcopenia. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to sarcopenia, with LBW linked to increased oxidative stress and dysfunction. Disrupted circadian rhythms, regulated by genes such as BMAL1 and CLOCK, are associated with both LBW and sarcopenia, impacting lipid metabolism, muscle mass, and the ageing process. Early-life exposures, including LBW, induce epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation (DNAm) and histone changes, playing a pivotal role in sarcopenia development. Genome-wide studies have identified candidate genes and variants associated with lean body mass, muscle weakness, and sarcopenia, providing insights into genetic factors contributing to the disorder. LBW emerges as a potential early predictor of sarcopenia development, reflecting the impact of intrauterine exposures on long-term health outcomes. Understanding the complex interplay between LBW with inflammaging, mitochondrial dysfunction, circadian disruption, and epigenetic factors is essential for elucidating the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and developing targeted interventions. Future research on GWAS and the underlying mechanisms of LBW-associated sarcopenia is warranted to inform preventive strategies and improve public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Celik
- Department of Pharmceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Manuela Campisi
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Luana Cannella
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- University Hospital of PadovaPaduaItaly
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Granic A, Suetterlin K, Shavlakadze T, Grounds M, Sayer A. Hallmarks of ageing in human skeletal muscle and implications for understanding the pathophysiology of sarcopenia in women and men. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1721-1751. [PMID: 37986616 PMCID: PMC10665130 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex biological process associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Nine classic, interdependent hallmarks of ageing have been proposed involving genetic and biochemical pathways that collectively influence ageing trajectories and susceptibility to pathology in humans. Ageing skeletal muscle undergoes profound morphological and physiological changes associated with loss of strength, mass, and function, a condition known as sarcopenia. The aetiology of sarcopenia is complex and whilst research in this area is growing rapidly, there is a relative paucity of human studies, particularly in older women. Here, we evaluate how the nine classic hallmarks of ageing: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication contribute to skeletal muscle ageing and the pathophysiology of sarcopenia. We also highlight five novel hallmarks of particular significance to skeletal muscle ageing: inflammation, neural dysfunction, extracellular matrix dysfunction, reduced vascular perfusion, and ionic dyshomeostasis, and discuss how the classic and novel hallmarks are interconnected. Their clinical relevance and translational potential are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Karen Suetterlin
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Tea Shavlakadze
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
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Fang Z, Chen X, Liu M, Zuo L, Zhou B, Zheng G, Chen H, Hao G. Associations of pyrethroid exposure with skeletal muscle strength and mass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89651-89660. [PMID: 37454383 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the associations of pyrethroid exposure with handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass and potential modification effects in US adults. The data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Handgrip strength was determined with a handgrip dynamometer, and we quantified muscle mass by using the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI). Urinary 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid (3-PBA), a validated biomarker for pyrethroid exposure, was used in the primary analysis. After adjusting for other covariates, participants exposed to the highest tertile of 3-PBA exposure had significantly lower handgrip strength (β = -1.88, 95% CI: -3.29, -0.23, P = 0.026) than those exposed to the lowest tertile of 3-PBA. Similarly, the 3-PBA exposure was marginally significantly associated with ASMI (Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1: β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.14, -0.01, P = 0.056). Significant interactions were found between 3-PBA and body mass index (BMI) on handgrip strength and ASMI (P interaction < 0.05), which indicated a potential moderation effect of BMI on the associations. In conclusion, pyrethroid exposure was adversely associated with handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass, especially in overweight and obese populations. Further studies are warranted to confirm our results and to explore the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenger Fang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biying Zhou
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjun Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Chen X, Ji Y, Liu R, Zhu X, Wang K, Yang X, Liu B, Gao Z, Huang Y, Shen Y, Liu H, Sun H. Mitochondrial dysfunction: roles in skeletal muscle atrophy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:503. [PMID: 37495991 PMCID: PMC10373380 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and skeletal muscle health, and damage to mitochondria can lead to a series of pathophysiological changes. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy, and its molecular mechanism leading to skeletal muscle atrophy is complex. Understanding the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction is useful for the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy, and finding drugs and methods to target and modulate mitochondrial function are urgent tasks in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we first discussed the roles of normal mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Importantly, we described the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on skeletal muscle atrophy and the molecular mechanisms involved. Furthermore, the regulatory roles of different signaling pathways (AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α, IGF-1-PI3K-Akt-mTOR, FoxOs, JAK-STAT3, TGF-β-Smad2/3 and NF-κB pathways, etc.) and the roles of mitochondrial factors were investigated in mitochondrial dysfunction. Next, we analyzed the manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle atrophy caused by different diseases. Finally, we summarized the preventive and therapeutic effects of targeted regulation of mitochondrial function on skeletal muscle atrophy, including drug therapy, exercise and diet, gene therapy, stem cell therapy and physical therapy. This review is of great significance for the holistic understanding of the important role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle, which is helpful for researchers to further understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy, and has an important inspiring role for the development of therapeutic strategies for muscle atrophy targeting mitochondria in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xucheng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Boya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 55 Ninghai Middle Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Q, Zhao J, Chen H, Zhou J, Chen A, Zhang J, Wang Y, Mao Z, Wang J, Qiu X, Chen Y, Wang R, Zhang Y, Miao D, Jin J. Bmi-1 Overexpression Improves Sarcopenia Induced by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 Deficiency and Downregulates GATA4-Dependent Rela Transcription. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:427-442. [PMID: 36625422 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia increases with age, and an underlying mechanism needs to be determined to help with designing more effective treatments. This study aimed to determine whether 1,25(OH)2 D3 deficiency could cause cellular senescence and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in skeletal muscle cells to induce sarcopenia, whether GATA4 could be upregulated by 1,25(OH)2 D3 deficiency to promote SASP, and whether Bmi-1 reduces the expression of GATA4 and GATA4-dependent SASP induced by 1,25(OH)2 D3 deficiency in skeletal muscle cells. Bioinformatics analyses with RNA sequencing data in skeletal muscle from physiologically aged and young mice were conducted. Skeletal muscles from 2-month-old young and 2-year-old physiologically aged wild-type (WT) mice and 8-week-old WT, Bmi-1 mesenchymal transgene (Bmi-1Tg ), Cyp27b1 homozygous (Cyp27b1-/- ), and Bmi-1Tg Cyp27b1-/- mice were observed for grip strength, cell senescence, DNA damage, and NF-κB-mediated SASP signaling of skeletal muscle. We found that muscle-derived Bmi-1 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) decreased with physiological aging, and DNA damage and GATA4-dependent SASP activation led to sarcopenia. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2 D3 deficiency promoted DNA damage-induced GATA4 accumulation in muscles. GATA4 upregulated Rela at the region from -1448 to -1412 bp at the transcriptional level to cause NF-κB-dependent SASP for aggravating cell senescence and muscular dysfunction and sarcopenia. Bmi-1 overexpression promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of GATA4 by binding RING1B, which prevented cell senescence, SASP, and dysfunctional muscle, and improved sarcopenia induced by 1,25(OH)2 D3 deficiency. Thus, Bmi-1 overexpression improves sarcopenia induced by 1,25(OH)2 D3 deficiency, downregulates GATA4-dependent Rela transcription, and sequentially inhibits GATA4-dependent SASP in muscle cells. Therefore, Bmi-1 overexpression could be used for translational gene therapy for the ubiquitination of GATA4 and prevention of sarcopenia. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawen Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin'ge Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuehan Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Research Center for Aging, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianliang Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Murphy CH, Duggan E, Davis J, O'Halloran AM, Knight SP, Kenny RA, McCarthy SN, Romero-Ortuno R. Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations associated with musculoskeletal health and incident frailty in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112013. [PMID: 36336250 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lutein and zeaxanthin are diet-derived carotenoids that are proposed to help mitigate frailty risk and age-related declines in musculoskeletal health via their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between lutein and zeaxanthin status and indices of musculoskeletal health and incident frailty among community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). METHODS Cross-sectional analyses (n = 4513) of plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations and grip strength, usual gait speed, timed up-and-go (TUG), probable sarcopenia (defined as grip strength <27 kg in men, <16 kg in women), and bone mass (assessed using calcaneal broadband ultrasound stiffness index) were performed at Wave 1 (2009-2011; baseline). In the longitudinal analyses (n = 1425-3100), changes in usual gait speed (at Wave 3, 2014-2015), grip strength (Wave 4, 2016) and TUG (at Wave 5, 2018), incident probable sarcopenia (at Wave 4) and incident frailty (Fried's phenotype, Frailty Index, FRAIL Scale, Clinical Frailty Scale-classification tree, at Wave 5) were determined. Data were analysed using linear and ordinal logistic regression, adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were positively associated with usual gait speed (B [95 % CI] per 100-nmol/L higher concentration: Lutein 0.59 [0.18, 1.00], Zeaxanthin 1.46 [0.37, 2.55] cm/s) and inversely associated with TUG time (Lutein -0.07 [-0.11, -0.03], Zeaxanthin -0.14 [-0.25, -0.04] s; all p < 0.01), but not with grip strength or probable sarcopenia (p > 0.05). Plasma lutein concentration was positively associated with bone stiffness index (0.54 [0.15, 0.93], p < 0.01). Longitudinally, among participants who were non-frail at Wave 1, higher plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were associated lower odds of progressing to a higher frailty category (e.g. prefrailty or frailty) by Wave 5 (ORs 0.57-0.89, p < 0.05) based on the Fried's phenotype, FRAIL Scale and the Clinical Frailty Scale, and in the case of zeaxanthin, Frailty Index. Neither plasma lutein nor zeaxanthin concentrations were associated with changes in musculoskeletal indices or incident probable sarcopenia (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Higher plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations at baseline were associated with a reduced likelihood of incident frailty after ~8 years of follow up. Baseline plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were also positively associated with several indices of musculoskeletal health cross-sectionally but were not predictive of longitudinal changes in these outcomes over 4-8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoileann H Murphy
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Eoin Duggan
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Davis
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling M O'Halloran
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvin P Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Roman Romero-Ortuno
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Muscle Delivery of Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs for the Treatment of Sarcopenia: Rationale and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122588. [PMID: 36559079 PMCID: PMC9782427 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An impairment in mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in the process of aging and contributes to the incidence of age-related diseases, including sarcopenia, which is defined as an age-dependent loss of muscle mass and strength. Mitochondrial dysfunction exerts a negative impact on several cellular activities, including bioenergetics, metabolism, and apoptosis. In sarcopenia, mitochondria homeostasis is disrupted because of reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation, the enhanced production of reactive species, and impaired antioxidant defense. This review re-establishes the most recent evidence on mitochondrial defects that are thought to be relevant in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and that may represent promising therapeutic targets for its prevention/treatment. Furthermore, we describe mechanisms of action and translational potential of promising mitochondria-targeted drug delivery systems, including molecules able to boost the metabolism and bioenergetics, counteract apoptosis, antioxidants to scavenge reactive species and decrease oxidative stress, and target mitophagy. Even though these mitochondria-delivered strategies demonstrate to be promising in preclinical models, their use needs to be promoted for clinical studies. Therefore, there is a compelling demand to further understand the mechanisms modulating mitochondrial homeostasis, to characterize powerful compounds that target muscle mitochondria to prevent sarcopenia in aged people.
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Hintze S, Baber L, Hofmeister F, Jarmusch S, Todorow V, Mehaffey S, Tanganelli F, Ferrari U, Neuerburg C, Teupser D, Bidlingmaier M, Marques JG, Koletzko B, Schoser B, Drey M, Meinke P. Exploration of mitochondrial defects in sarcopenic hip fracture patients. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11143. [PMID: 36303924 PMCID: PMC9593198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe cases of age-related loss of muscle function and mass are clinically unique to sarcopenia. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with aging and sarcopenia, but the causal connection in this context is not well eluded. Here we investigated different aspects of mitochondrial respiration in sarcopenia. Open muscle biopsies were taken from a total of 31 hip fracture patients, older than 70 years. Patients were assigned a sarcopenia Z-score based on EWGSOP2 criteria. Primary myoblast cultures were generated from the muscle tissue samples and used for real time metabolic measurement. Muscle and serum samples showed correlation of high Z-scores with reduced mitochondrial complex I activity, increased tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolites, reduced vitamin D3 levels, and signs of an altered iron metabolism. Primary myoblast cultures gained from the same muscle biopsies did not show significant mitochondrial defects. We hypothesize that a sum of external consequences, including vitamin D3 deficiency and iron deficiency caused by disturbances in the iron metabolism, result in complex I deficiency, which in turn affects the TCA and contributes to muscle weakness and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hintze
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Baber
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Hofmeister
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jarmusch
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Todorow
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Mehaffey
- Department of General-, Trauma- and Reconstructive Surgery, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Fabiana Tanganelli
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Ferrari
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Carl Neuerburg
- Department of General-, Trauma- and Reconstructive Surgery, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jair Gonzalez Marques
- Department Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Department Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Drey
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Meinke
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Oudbier SJ, Goh J, Looijaard SMLM, Reijnierse EM, Meskers CGM, Maier AB. Pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the association between low skeletal muscle mass and cognitive function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1959-1968. [PMID: 35661882 PMCID: PMC9536455 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. This review describes the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms: systemic inflammation, insulin metabolism, protein metabolism, and mitochondrial function. We hypothesize that the central tenet in this pathophysiology is the dysfunctional myokine secretion consequent to minimal physical activity. Myokines, such as fibronectin type III domain containing 5/irisin and cathepsin B, are released by physically active muscle and cross the blood–brain barrier. These myokines upregulate local neurotrophin expression such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain microenvironment. BDNF exerts anti-inflammatory effects that may be responsible for neuroprotection. Altered myokine secretion due to physical inactivity exacerbates inflammation and impairs muscle glucose metabolism, potentially affecting the transport of insulin across the blood–brain barrier. Our working model also suggests other underlying mechanisms. A negative systemic protein balance, commonly observed in older adults, contributes to low skeletal muscle mass and may also reflect deficient protein metabolism in brain tissues. As a result of age-related loss in skeletal muscle mass, decrease in the abundance of mitochondria and detriments in their function lead to a decrease in tissue oxidative capacity. Dysfunctional mitochondria in skeletal muscle and brain result in the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, which drives tissue oxidative stress and further perpetuates the dysfunction in mitochondria. Both oxidative stress and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations due to aging drive cellular senescence. A targeted approach in the pathophysiology of low muscle mass and cognition could be to restore myokine balance by physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Janette Oudbier
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Outpatient Clinics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorming Goh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Esmee Mariëlle Reijnierse
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Rehabilitation Medicine, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolus Gerardus Maria Meskers
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Rehabilitation Medicine, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Britta Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Bagheri A, Hashemi R, Heshmat R, Motlagh AD, Esmaillzadeh A. Patterns of Nutrient Intake in Relation to Sarcopenia and Its Components. Front Nutr 2021; 8:645072. [PMID: 33987198 PMCID: PMC8110707 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.645072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the associations between individual nutrients and sarcopenia, we are aware of no information about the link between patterns of nutrient intake and odds of sarcopenia and its components. The present study aimed to examine the association between nutrient-based dietary patterns and sarcopenia and its components among the Iranian adult population. Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional study, we enrolled 300 elderly adults (150 men and 150 women) aged ≥55 years by using a cluster random sampling method. Dietary intakes of the study population were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was conducted to derive nutrient patterns based on a daily intake of 33 nutrients. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and gait speed were measured according to standard methods. Sarcopenia and its components were defined based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia. Results: Three major nutrient-based dietary patterns were identified: (1) the "pro-vit pattern" that was high in pantothenic (B5), cobalamin (B12), calcium, protein, phosphor, riboflavin (B2), zinc, cholesterol, saturated fat, folate, niacin (B3), selenium, vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin A; (2) the "anti-inflammatory" pattern, which was rich in polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, copper, vitamin E, omega-3, magnesium, iron, pyridoxine (B6), sodium, and caffeine; and (3) the "carbo-vit" patternm which is characterized by high intake of fructose, glucose, dietary fiber, biotin, potassium, thiamin (B1), vitamin C, and chromium. After adjusting for confounders, subjects in the top tertile of the anti-inflammatory pattern had lower odds of sarcopenia (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.10-0.63) and low muscle strength (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.22-0.96) than those in the bottom tertile. Greater adherence to the carbo-vit pattern was inversely associated with the odds of low gait speed (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.235-0.93). Conclusion: Major nutrient-based dietary patterns were significantly associated with sarcopenia and its components. Further studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bagheri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Hashemi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CDRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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11
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Sun L, Fan J, Song G, Cai S, Fan C, Zhong Y, Li Y. Exposure to phthalates is associated with grip strength in US adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111787. [PMID: 33333342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential association of exposure to phthalates with muscle strength was reported in previous animal experiments. However, their association was rarely directly investigated in general populations. Thus, we aimed to ascertain the association of exposure to phthalates with grip strength using cross-sectional analysis which included 2436 individuals aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2011-2014. The multivariable linear regression models were performed with the adjustment of related covariates. The results suggested that a one-unit increase in log-transformed phthalate metabolites (μg/g creatinine) was inversely associated with grip strength, including Mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate (β: -2.727 kg, 95% CI: -3.452, -2.002), Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (β: -3.721 kg, 95% CI: -4.836, -2.607), Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexl) phthalate (β: -4.669 kg, 95% CI: -5.761, -3.577), Mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (β: -4.756 kg, 95% CI: -5.957, -3.554), Mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (β: -1.324 kg, 95% CI: -2.412, -0.235), Mono-carboxynonyl phthalate (β: -2.036 kg, 95% CI: -3.185, -0.886), Mono-benzyl phthalate (β: -2.940 kg, 95% CI: -3.853, -2.026), Mono-n-butyl phthalate (β: -2.100 kg, 95% CI: -3.474, -0.726), Mono-isobutyl phthalate (β: -2.982 kg, 95% CI: -4.331, -1.633), and Mono-ethyl phthalate (β: -1.709 kg, 95% CI: -2.368, -1.050). In subgroup analyses, the associations remained largely unchanged when the samples were stratified by gender and age; However they became ambiguous among underweight subjects when the samples were stratified by BMI status. Overall, exposure to phthalates was inversely associated with grip strength among US adults, regardless of their genders and ages. The suggestive potential BMI status-specific effects of phthalates on grip strength were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayao Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhong Song
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofang Cai
- Department of Science and Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunhong Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaohong Zhong
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Mitochondrial Impairment in Sarcopenia. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010031. [PMID: 33418869 PMCID: PMC7825073 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the age-related loss of skeletal muscle quality, which relies on mitochondrial homeostasis. During aging, several mitochondrial features such as bioenergetics, dynamics, biogenesis, and selective autophagy (mitophagy) are altered and impinge on protein homeostasis, resulting in loss of muscle mass and function. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction contributes significantly to the complex pathogenesis of sarcopenia, and mitochondria are indicated as potential targets to prevent and treat this age-related condition. After a concise presentation of the age-related modifications in skeletal muscle quality and mitochondrial homeostasis, the present review summarizes the most relevant findings related to mitochondrial alterations in sarcopenia.
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13
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Wiedmer P, Jung T, Castro JP, Pomatto LC, Sun PY, Davies KJ, Grune T. Sarcopenia - Molecular mechanisms and open questions. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101200. [PMID: 33130247 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia represents a muscle-wasting syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength occurring during normal aging. Sarcopenia patients are mainly suffering from the loss in muscle strength and are faced with mobility disorders reducing their quality of life and are, therefore, at higher risk for morbidity (falls, bone fracture, metabolic diseases) and mortality. Several molecular mechanisms have been described as causes for sarcopenia that refer to very different levels of muscle physiology. These mechanisms cover e. g. function of hormones (e. g. IGF-1 and Insulin), muscle fiber composition and neuromuscular drive, myo-satellite cell potential to differentiate and proliferate, inflammatory pathways as well as intracellular mechanisms in the processes of proteostasis and mitochondrial function. In this review, we describe sarcopenia as a muscle-wasting syndrome distinct from other atrophic diseases and summarize the current view on molecular causes of sarcopenia development as well as open questions provoking further research efforts for establishing efficient lifestyle and therapeutic interventions.
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14
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Castora FJ, Conyers BL, Gershon BS, Kerns KA, Campbell R, Simsek-Duran F. The T9861C Mutation in the mtDNA-Encoded Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit III Gene Occurs in High Frequency but with Unequal Distribution in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:257-269. [PMID: 31561357 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as a critical component in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Deficits in oxidative capacity and, specifically, cytochrome c oxidase (CO) activity have been reported in AD brains and platelets. We previously identified a point mutation at np 9861 in AD brain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that alters amino acid 219 of subunit III of CO from phenylalanine to leucine. We rapidly screened and quantitated levels of T9861C in samples using mismatched PCR-RFLP and nucleotide extension assays. Six of 40 AD brains possessed the T9861C mutation (designated AD+) compared to zero of 40 age-matched control brains. The 15% frequency of T9861C in AD brain is 115-fold higher than the frequency (0.13%) reported in 9,986 human mtDNA samples queried in world-wide databases. T9861C is heteroplasmic, with mutant load varying from 11% to >95%. Detected initially in parietal cortex, T9861C is not localized to that region but is also found in temporal cortex and caudate but not in hippocampus. The mutant load is unequally distributed throughout these brain regions with the highest load occurring in the parietal or temporal cortex. CO activity normalized to citrate synthase (CS) is reduced an average of 48.5% in AD+ brains. CO/CS ratios amongst controls and the two AD populations (AD and AD+) were significantly different (p = 0.001). Post hoc differences were also significant between controls and AD+ (p = 0.001) and controls and AD (p = 0.019). There was no significant difference between AD and AD+ (p = 0.317).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Castora
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Barbara L Conyers
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Blake S Gershon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kerns
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Robert Campbell
- School of Health Professions, MPH Program, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Fatma Simsek-Duran
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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15
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Lo JHT, U KP, Yiu T, Ong MTY, Lee WYW. Sarcopenia: Current treatments and new regenerative therapeutic approaches. J Orthop Translat 2020; 23:38-52. [PMID: 32489859 PMCID: PMC7256062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by loss of muscle and reduction in muscle strength that contributes to higher mortality rate and increased incidence of fall and hospitalization in the elderly. Mitochondria dysfunction and age-associated inflammation in muscle are two of the main attributors to sarcopenia progression. Recent clinical trials on sarcopenia therapies such as physical exercise, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical interventions have revealed that exercise is the only effective strategy shown to alleviate sarcopenia. Unlike nutraceutical and pharmaceutical interventions that showed controversial results in sarcopenia alleviation, exercise was found to restore mitochondria homeostasis and dampen inflammatory responses via a complex exchange of myokines and osteokines signalling between muscle and bone. However, as exercise have limited benefit to immobile patients, the use of stem cells and their secretome are being suggested to be novel therapeutics that can be catered to a larger patient population owing to their mitochondria restoration effects and immune modulatory abilities. As such, we reviewed the potential pros and cons associated with various stem cell types/secretome in sarcopenia treatment and the regulatory and production barriers that need to be overcome to translate such novel therapeutic agents into bedside application. Translational potential: This review summarizes the causes underlying sarcopenia from the perspective of mitochondria dysfunction and age-associated inflammation, and the progress of clinical trials for the treatment of sarcopenia. We also propose therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy and bioactive secretome for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hiu-Tung Lo
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kin Pong U
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Tszlam Yiu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Michael Tim-Yun Ong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
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16
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Sánchez-Castellano C, Martín-Aragón S, Bermejo-Bescós P, Vaquero-Pinto N, Miret-Corchado C, Merello de Miguel A, Cruz-Jentoft AJ. Biomarkers of sarcopenia in very old patients with hip fracture. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:478-486. [PMID: 31912666 PMCID: PMC7113494 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip fracture is both a cause and a consequence of sarcopenia. Older persons with sarcopenia have an increased risk of falling, and the prevalence of sarcopenia may be increased in those who suffer a hip fracture. The aim of this study was to explore potential biomarkers (neuromuscular and peripheral pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers) that may be associated with sarcopenia in very old persons with hip fracture. METHODS We recruited 150 consecutive patients ≥80 years old admitted to an orthogeriatric unit for an osteoporotic hip fracture. Muscle mass was assessed pre-operatively using bioelectrical impedance analysis; Janssen's (J) and Masanés' (M) reference cut-off points were used to define low muscle mass. Muscle strength was assessed with handgrip strength (Jamar's dynamometer). Sarcopenia was defined by having both low muscle mass and strength and using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 definition of probable sarcopenia (low grip strength). Peripheral markers-pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters-were determined either in the plasma or in the erythrocyte fraction obtained from peripheral whole blood of every patient pre-operatively. RESULTS Mean age was 87.6 ± 4.9 years, and 78.7% were women. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 11.5% with Janssen's, 34.9% with Masanés' cut-offs, and 93.3% with the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 definition of probable sarcopenia. Among the four pro-inflammatory cytokines tested in plasma, only tumour necrosis factor-α was different (lower) in sarcopenic than in non-sarcopenic participants using both muscle mass cut-offs (J 7.9 ± 6.2 vs. 8.3 ± 5.8, M 6.8 ± 4.7 vs. 9.1 ± 6.2). Erythrocyte glutathione system showed a non-significant tendency to lower glutathione levels and glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratios in sarcopenic participants compared with non-sarcopenic subjects. Catalase activity was also lower in sarcopenic participants (J 2904 ± 1429 vs. 3329 ± 1483, M 3037 ± 1430 vs. 3431 ± 1498). No significant differences were found between groups in chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and butyrylcholinesterase activity, C-terminal agrin fragment, interferon-γ, or interleukin-1β. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with hip fracture varies according to the definition and the muscle mass reference cut-off points used. We did not find differences in most neuromuscular, pro-inflammatory, or oxidative stress markers, except for lower peripheral tumour necrosis factor-α levels and catalase activity in sarcopenic participants, which may be markers of an early inflammatory reaction that is hampered in sarcopenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagrario Martín-Aragón
- Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.Departamento de Farmacología Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Bermejo-Bescós
- Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.Departamento de Farmacología Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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17
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Massanella M, Karris MY, Pérez-Santiago J, Yek C, Vitomirov A, Mehta SR. Analyses of Mitochondrial DNA and Immune Phenotyping Suggest Accelerated T-Cell Turnover in Treated HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 79:399-406. [PMID: 30312276 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV infection is associated with premature aging, and mitochondrial integrity is compromised during the aging process. Because mitochondrial toxicity is a consequence of antiretroviral therapies (ARTs), we hypothesized HIV and long-term ART would correlate with immunosenescence and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) pathology. SETTING Thirteen older HIV-infected individuals (aged >40 years) with virologic suppression (stratified by duration of ART) were compared with 10 uninfected controls well-matched for age. METHODS Peripheral blood T-cells were immunophenotyped to measure immune activation, proliferation, and immunosenescence in subsets. mtDNA copies per cell and the relative abundance of mtDNA carrying the "common deletion" (RACD) were quantified by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Immune activation was higher in HIV-infected individuals than HIV-uninfected individuals in mature CD4 T-cell subsets (CD4TTM P = 0.025, CD4TEM P = 0.0020) regardless of ART duration. Cell populations from uninfected individuals were more likely to be more senescent populations in mature CD4 T-cell subsets (TTM P = 0.017), and CD8 (CD8TEMRA+ P = 0.0026). No differences were observed in mtDNA or RACD levels in any CD4 T-cell subsets, while CD8TSCM of infected individuals trended to have more mtDNA (P = 0.057) and reduced RACD (P = 0.0025). CONCLUSIONS HIV-infected individuals demonstrated increased immune activation, but reduced senescence in more mature T-cell subsets. Increased mtDNA content and lower RACD in CD8TSCM suggest immune activation driven turnover of these cells in HIV-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Massanella
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Universite[Combining Acute Accent] de Montre[Combining Acute Accent]al, Montre[Combining Acute Accent]al, QC, Canada
| | - Maile Y Karris
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Josué Pérez-Santiago
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR
| | - Christina Yek
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Sanjay R Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, CA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA
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18
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Mohamed AA. Can Proprioceptive Training Reduce Muscle Fatigue in Patients With Motor Neuron Diseases? A New Direction of Treatment. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1243. [PMID: 31632290 PMCID: PMC6779805 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a serious problem in patients with motor neuron diseases (MNDs). It commonly disturbs both daily life activity and rehabilitation tolerance. A particular concern should be taken when MNDs occur in older ages. Older patients with MNDs usually have a worse clinical presentation and a lower survival rate. This could increase the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue occurs due to a dysfunction in either motor or sensory systems. Current exercise interventions performed to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue focused only on treating motor causes of muscle fatigue. It has been demonstrated that these interventions have a high debate in their effectiveness on decreasing the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Also, these exercise interventions ignored training the affected sensory part of muscle fatigue, however, the important role of the sensory system in driving the motor system. Thus, this review aimed to develop a novel exercise intervention by using proprioceptive training as an intervention to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue in patients with MNDs particularly, older ones. The physiological effects of proprioceptive training to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue could include two effects. The first effect includes the ability of the proprioceptive training to increase the sensitivity of muscle spindles as an attempt to normalize the firing rate of α-motoneurons, which their abnormalities have major roles in the occurrence of muscle fatigue. The second effect includes its ability to correct the abnormal movement-compensations, which develop due to the biomechanical constraints imposed on patients with MNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A. Mohamed
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Delic V, Noble K, Zivkovic S, Phan TA, Reynes C, Zhang Y, Phillips O, Claybaker C, Ta Y, Dinh VB, Cruz J, Prolla TA, Bradshaw PC. The effects of AICAR and rapamycin on mitochondrial function in immortalized mitochondrial DNA mutator murine embryonic fibroblasts. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.033852. [PMID: 30177551 PMCID: PMC6262855 DOI: 10.1242/bio.033852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA mutations accumulate with age and may play a role in stem cell aging as suggested by the premature aging phenotype of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) exonuclease-deficient mice. Therefore, E1A immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from POLG exonuclease-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice were constructed. Surprisingly, when some E1A immortalized MEF lines were cultured in pyruvate-containing media they slowly became addicted to the pyruvate. The POLG exonuclease-deficient MEFs were more sensitive to several mitochondrial inhibitors and showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under standard conditions. When cultured in pyruvate-containing media, POLG exonuclease-deficient MEFs showed decreased oxygen consumption compared to controls. Increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling delayed aging and influenced mitochondrial function. Therefore, the effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an AMPK activator, or rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, on measures of mitochondrial function were determined. Rapamycin treatment transiently increased respiration only in WT MEFs and, under most conditions, increased ATP levels. Short term AICAR treatment transiently increased ROS production and, under most conditions, decreased ATP levels. Chronic AICAR treatment decreased respiration and ROS production in WT MEFs. These results demonstrate the context-dependent effects of AICAR and rapamycin on mitochondrial function. Summary: A novel mitochondrial DNA mutator murine embryonic fibroblast cell line was created and the effects of the anti-aging compounds rapamycin and AICAR on energy metabolism in these cells was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedad Delic
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Kenyaria Noble
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Sandra Zivkovic
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Tam-Anh Phan
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Christian Reynes
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Oluwakemi Phillips
- University of South Florida College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Charles Claybaker
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Yen Ta
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Vinh B Dinh
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Josean Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Tomas A Prolla
- Department of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Patrick C Bradshaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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20
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Rebelo-Marques A, De Sousa Lages A, Andrade R, Ribeiro CF, Mota-Pinto A, Carrilho F, Espregueira-Mendes J. Aging Hallmarks: The Benefits of Physical Exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 29887832 PMCID: PMC5980968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
World population has been continuously increasing and progressively aging. Aging is characterized by a complex and intraindividual process associated with nine major cellular and molecular hallmarks, namely, genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, a loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. This review exposes the positive antiaging impact of physical exercise at the cellular level, highlighting its specific role in attenuating the aging effects of each hallmark. Exercise should be seen as a polypill, which improves the health-related quality of life and functional capabilities while mitigating physiological changes and comorbidities associated with aging. To achieve a framework of effective physical exercise interventions on aging, further research on its benefits and the most effective strategies is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rebelo-Marques
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana De Sousa Lages
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Francisco Carrilho
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- 3B’s Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
- Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Minho, Portugal
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21
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Maxwell N, Castro RW, Sutherland NM, Vaughan KL, Szarowicz MD, de Cabo R, Mattison JA, Valdez G. α-Motor neurons are spared from aging while their synaptic inputs degenerate in monkeys and mice. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29397579 PMCID: PMC5847869 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor function deteriorates with advancing age, increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes. While it is well established that skeletal muscles and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) degenerate with increasing age, the effect of aging on α‐motor neurons and their innervating synaptic inputs remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the soma of α‐motor neurons and innervating synaptic inputs in the spinal cord of aged rhesus monkeys and mice, two species with vastly different lifespans. We found that, in both species, α‐motor neurons retain their soma size despite an accumulation of large amounts of cellular waste or lipofuscin. Interestingly, the lipofuscin profile varied considerably, indicating that α‐motor neurons age at different rates. Although the rate of aging varies, α‐motor neurons do not atrophy in old age. In fact, there is no difference in the number of motor axons populating ventral roots in old mice compared to adult mice. Moreover, the transcripts and proteins associated with α‐motor neurons do not decrease in the spinal cord of old mice. However, in aged rhesus monkeys and mice, there were fewer cholinergic and glutamatergic synaptic inputs directly abutting α‐motor neurons, evidence that aging causes α‐motor neurons to shed synaptic inputs. Thus, the loss of synaptic inputs may contribute to age‐related dysfunction of α‐motor neurons. These findings broaden our understanding of the degeneration of the somatic motor system that precipitates motor dysfunction with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Maxwell
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute; Virginia Tech; Roanoke VA USA
| | - Ryan W. Castro
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute; Virginia Tech; Roanoke VA USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA USA
| | | | - Kelli L. Vaughan
- Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; NIH; Baltimore MD USA
- SoBran, Inc.; Burtonsville MD USA
| | - Mark D. Szarowicz
- Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; NIH; Baltimore MD USA
- SoBran, Inc.; Burtonsville MD USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; NIH; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Julie A. Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; NIH; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute; Virginia Tech; Roanoke VA USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA USA
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22
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Resolving the Enigma of the Clonal Expansion of mtDNA Deletions. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030126. [PMID: 29495484 PMCID: PMC5867847 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cell organelles that are special since they contain their own genetic material in the form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Damage and mutations of mtDNA are not only involved in several inherited human diseases but are also widely thought to play an important role during aging. In both cases, point mutations or large deletions accumulate inside cells, leading to functional impairment once a certain threshold has been surpassed. In most cases, it is a single type of mutant that clonally expands and out-competes the wild type mtDNA, with different mutant molecules being amplified in different cells. The challenge is to explain where the selection advantage for the accumulation comes from, why such a large range of different deletions seem to possess this advantage, and how this process can scale to species with different lifespans such as those of rats and man. From this perspective, we provide an overview of current ideas, present an update of our own proposal, and discuss the wider relevance of the phenomenon for aging.
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23
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The Combination of Physical Exercise with Muscle-Directed Antioxidants to Counteract Sarcopenia: A Biomedical Rationale for Pleiotropic Treatment with Creatine and Coenzyme Q10. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7083049. [PMID: 29123615 PMCID: PMC5632475 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7083049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia represents an increasing public health risk due to the rapid aging of the world's population. It is characterized by both low muscle mass and function and is associated with mobility disorders, increased risk of falls and fractures, loss of independence, disabilities, and increased risk of death. Despite the urgency of the problem, the development of treatments for sarcopenia has lagged. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased antioxidant (AO) defences seem to be important factors contributing to muscle impairment. Studies have been conducted to verify whether physical exercise and/or AOs could prevent and/or delay sarcopenia through a normalization of the etiologically relevant ROS imbalance. Despite the strong rationale, the results obtained were contradictory, particularly with regard to the effects of the tested AOs. A possible explanation might be that not all the agents included in the general heading of "AOs" could fulfill the requisites to counteract the complex series of events causing/accelerating sarcopenia: the combination of the muscle-directed antioxidants creatine and coenzyme Q10 with physical exercise as a biomedical rationale for pleiotropic prevention and/or treatment of sarcopenia is discussed.
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24
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Vaughan SK, Stanley OL, Valdez G. Impact of Aging on Proprioceptive Sensory Neurons and Intrafusal Muscle Fibers in Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:771-779. [PMID: 27688482 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of aging on proprioceptive sensory neurons and intrafusal muscle fibers (IMFs) remains largely unexplored despite the central function these cells play in modulating voluntary movements. Here, we show that proprioceptive sensory neurons undergo deleterious morphological changes in middle age (11- to 13-month-old) and old (15- to 21-month-old) mice. In the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of middle age and old mice, there is a significant increase in the number of Ia afferents with large swellings that fail to properly wrap around IMFs compared with young adult (2- to 4-month-old) mice. Fewer II afferents were also found in the same muscles of middle age and old mice. Although these age-related changes in peripheral nerve endings were accompanied by degeneration of proprioceptive sensory neuron cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), the morphology and number of IMFs remained unchanged. Our analysis also revealed normal levels of neurotrophin 3 (NT3) but dysregulated expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor C (TrkC) in aged muscles and DRGs, respectively. These results show that proprioceptive sensory neurons degenerate prior to atrophy of IMFs during aging, and in the presence of the NT3/TrkC signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney K Vaughan
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health and
| | - Olivia L Stanley
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg
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25
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Abstract
We present the hypothesis that an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria initiates a signaling cascade leading to motor neuron and muscle fiber death and culminating in sarcopenia. Interactions between neural and muscle cells that contain dysfunctional mitochondria exacerbate sarcopenia. Preventing sarcopenia will require identifying mitochondrial sources of dysfunction that are reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Alway
- 1Division of Exercise Physiology; 2Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, and Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics; and 3Centers for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
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26
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Kim KN, Lee MR, Choi YH, Hwang H, Oh SY, Park C, Hong YC. Association between phthalate exposure and lower handgrip strength in an elderly population: a repeated-measures study. Environ Health 2016; 15:93. [PMID: 27581612 PMCID: PMC5006265 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased muscle strength can lead to adverse health outcomes in the elderly. A potential association between phthalate exposure and muscle strength was suggested previously, but has not been investigated directly. We hypothesized that phthalate exposure is associated with lower handgrip strength and that the association is modified by the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 ratio. METHODS We analyzed 1,228 participants (≥60 years of age) recruited in Seoul and Asan, Republic of Korea. The study participants were surveyed up to three times between 2012 and 2015. At every survey, we collected urine samples and measured handgrip strength twice for each hand. The associations between urine phthalate metabolite concentrations and handgrip strength were evaluated using linear mixed models. Based on dietary information from 391 individuals who participated in the first survey in Seoul, we evaluated the heterogeneity of the association for those with high and low omega-6 to omega-3 ratios, using 8.81 (the 75th quantile) as a cutoff value. RESULTS Log-transformed creatinine-adjusted concentrations of mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) were inversely associated with all measured handgrip strengths (β = -0.69 to -0.42, all p-values < 0.05). Associations between phthalate biomarkers and handgrip strength did not differ by sex. When the dietary subgroup was stratified by the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, the associations were stronger among participants with high ratios. CONCLUSIONS We found inverse associations between phthalate biomarkers and handgrip strength in the elderly; this association was modified by the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Public Health Medical Service, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Ri Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Center for Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Center for Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - ChoongHee Park
- Environmental Health Research Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Vincent AE, Grady JP, Rocha MC, Alston CL, Rygiel KA, Barresi R, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in myofibrillar myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:691-701. [PMID: 27618136 PMCID: PMC5066370 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clonally expanded mtDNA deletions were found in a small number of patient fibres. Complex I and IV deficiency is higher than in control muscle. Mitochondrial mass is significantly reduced in patients relative to controls. No relationship between MFM protein aggregates and reduced mitochondrial mass. Negative correlations was detected between mitochondrial mass and muscle fibre area.
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are characterised by focal myofibrillar destruction and accumulation of myofibrillar elements as protein aggregates. They are caused by mutations in the DES, MYOT, CRYAB, FLNC, BAG3, DNAJB6 and ZASP genes as well as other as yet unidentified genes. Previous studies have reported changes in mitochondrial morphology and cellular positioning, as well as clonally-expanded, large-scale mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions and focal respiratory chain deficiency in muscle of MFM patients. Here we examine skeletal muscle from patients with desmin (n = 6), ZASP (n = 1) and myotilin (n = 2) mutations and MFM protein aggregates, to understand how mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the underlying mechanisms causing disease pathology. We have used a validated quantitative immunofluorescent assay to study respiratory chain protein levels, together with oxidative enzyme histochemistry and single cell mitochondrial DNA analysis, to examine mitochondrial changes. Results demonstrate a small number of clonally-expanded mitochondrial DNA deletions, which we conclude are due to both ageing and disease pathology. Further to this we report higher levels of respiratory chain complex I and IV deficiency compared to age matched controls, although overall levels of respiratory deficient muscle fibres in patient biopsies are low. More strikingly, a significantly higher percentage of myofibrillar myopathy patient muscle fibres have a low mitochondrial mass compared to controls. We concluded this is mechanistically unrelated to desmin and myotilin protein aggregates; however, correlation between mitochondrial mass and muscle fibre area is found. We suggest this may be due to reduced mitochondrial biogenesis in combination with muscle fibre hypertrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cohort Studies
- Connectin/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial
- Desmin/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- LIM Domain Proteins/genetics
- Male
- Microfilament Proteins
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Mutation
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/metabolism
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/pathology
- Ribonucleotide Reductases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John P Grady
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rita Barresi
- Rare Diseases Advisory Group Service for Neuromuscular Diseases, Muscle Immunoanalysis Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AZ, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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28
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Garatachea N, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Santos-Lozano A, Fiuza-Luces C, Morán M, Emanuele E, Joyner MJ, Lucia A. Exercise attenuates the major hallmarks of aging. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:57-89. [PMID: 25431878 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has multi-system anti-aging effects. Here we summarize how exercise impacts the major hallmarks of aging. We propose that, besides searching for novel pharmaceutical targets of the aging process, more research efforts should be devoted to gaining insights into the molecular mediators of the benefits of exercise and to implement effective exercise interventions for elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garatachea
- 1 Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza , Huesca, Spain
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29
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Ninomiya H, Hirata A, Kozawa J, Nakata S, Kimura T, Kitamura T, Yasuda T, Otsuki M, Imagawa A, Kaneto H, Funahashi T, Shimomura I. Treatment of Mitochondrial Diabetes with a Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)-gamma Agonist. Intern Med 2016; 55:1143-7. [PMID: 27150869 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3243 A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA is the most common cause of monogenic diabetes mellitus in Japan. A 45-year-old woman with mitochondrial diabetes and significant insulin resistance presented with hypoadiponectinemia despite a normal amount of visceral fat. Three months of treatment with pioglitazone (PIO) improved her blood glucose profile and response to the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. These changes were accompanied by the amelioration of her insulin resistance and the impairment of early-phase insulin secretion. Her serum adiponectin levels increased to the normal range. In this case of mitochondrial diabetes, PIO was effective for glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyo Ninomiya
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
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30
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Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Peroni G, Moncaglieri F, Infantino V, Naso M, Perna S. Focus on Pivotal Role of Dietary Intake (Diet and Supplement) and Blood Levels of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Obtaining Successful Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23227-49. [PMID: 26404241 PMCID: PMC4632695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous specific age-related morbidities have been correlated with low intake and serum levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols. We performed a review in order to evaluate the extant evidence regarding: (1) the association between intake and serum levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols and age-related pathologies (osteoporosis, sarcopenia and cognitive impairment); and (2) the optimum diet therapy or supplementation with tocopherols and tocotrienols for the treatment of these abnormalities. This review included 51 eligible studies. The recent literature underlines that, given the detrimental effect of low intake and serum levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols on bone, muscle mass, and cognitive function, a change in the lifestyle must be the cornerstone in the prevention of these specific age-related pathologies related to vitamin E-deficient status. The optimum diet therapy in the elderly for avoiding vitamin E deficiency and its negative correlates, such as high inflammation and oxidation, must aim at achieving specific nutritional goals. These goals must be reached through: accession of the elderly subjects to specific personalized dietary programs aimed at achieving and/or maintaining body weight (avoid malnutrition); increase their intake of food rich in vitamin E, such as derivatives of oily seeds (in particular wheat germ oil), olive oil, hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, and cereals rich in vitamin E (such as specific rice cultivar rich in tocotrienols) or take vitamin E supplements. In this case, vitamin E can be correctly used in a personalized way either for the outcome from the pathology or to achieve healthy aging and longevity without any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Moncaglieri
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Naso
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milan 20100, Italy.
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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31
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Novel insights on nutrient management of sarcopenia in elderly. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:524948. [PMID: 25705670 PMCID: PMC4326274 DOI: 10.1155/2015/524948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and strength. The more rationale approach to delay the progression of sarcopenia is based on the combination of proper nutrition, possibly associated with the use of dietary supplements and a regular exercise program. We performed a narrative literature review to evaluate the till-now evidence regarding (1) the metabolic and nutritional correlates of sarcopenia; (2) the optimum diet therapy for the treatment of these abnormalities. This review included 67 eligible studies. In addition to the well recognized link between adequate intake of proteins/amino acids and sarcopenia, the recent literature underlines that in sarcopenic elderly subjects there is an unbalance in vitamin D synthesis and in omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio. Given the detrimental effect of these metabolic abnormalities, a change in the lifestyle must be the cornerstone in the treatment of sarcopenia. The optimum diet therapy for the sarcopenia treatment must aim at achieving specific metabolic goals, which must be reached through accession of the elderly to specific personalized dietary program aimed at achieving and/or maintaining muscle mass; increasing their intake of fish (4 times/week) or taking omega-3 PUFA supplements; taking vitamin D supplementation, if there are low serum levels.
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Ferrucci L, Baroni M, Ranchelli A, Lauretani F, Maggio M, Mecocci P, Ruggiero C. Interaction between bone and muscle in older persons with mobility limitations. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:3178-97. [PMID: 24050165 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113196660690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive loss of bone-muscle mass and strength. When the decline in mass and strength reaches critical thresholds associated with adverse health outcomes, they are operationally considered geriatric conditions and named, respectively, osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia share many of the same risk factors and both directly or indirectly cause higher risk of mobility limitations, falls, fractures and disability in activities of daily living. This is not surprising since bones adapt their morphology and strength to the long-term loads exerted by muscle during anti-gravitational and physical activities. Non-mechanical systemic and local factors also modulate the mechanostat effect of muscle on bone by affecting the bidirectional osteocyte-muscle crosstalk, but the specific pathways that regulate these homeostatic mechanisms are not fully understood. More research is required to reach a consensus on cut points in bone and muscle parameters that identify individuals at high risk for adverse health outcomes, including falls, fractures and disability. A better understanding of the muscle-bone physiological interaction may help to develop preventive strategies that reduce the burden of musculoskeletal diseases, the consequent disability in older persons and to limit the financial burden associated with such conditions. In this review, we summarize age-related bone-muscle changes focusing on the biomechanical and homeostatic mechanisms that explain bone-muscle interaction and we speculate about possible pathological events that occur when these mechanisms become impaired. We also report some recent definitions of osteoporosis and sarcopenia that have emerged in the literature and their implications in clinical practice. Finally, we outline the current evidence for the efficacy of available anti-osteoporotic and proposed antisarcopenic interventions in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C Ruggiero
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06100, Perugia, Italy.
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Exercise improves mitochondrial and redox-regulated stress responses in the elderly: better late than never! Biogerontology 2014; 16:249-64. [PMID: 25537184 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with several physiological declines to both the cardiovascular (e.g. reduced aerobic capacity) and musculoskeletal system (muscle function and mass). Ageing may also impair the adaptive response of skeletal muscle mitochondria and redox-regulated stress responses to an acute exercise bout, at least in mice and rodents. This is a functionally important phenomenon, since (1) aberrant mitochondrial and redox homeostasis are implicated in the pathophysiology of musculoskeletal ageing and (2) the response to repeated exercise bouts promotes exercise adaptations and some of these adaptations (e.g. improved aerobic capacity and exercise-induced mitochondrial remodelling) offset age-related physiological decline. Exercise-induced mitochondrial remodelling is mediated by upstream signalling events that converge on downstream transcriptional co-factors and factors that orchestrate a co-ordinated nuclear and mitochondrial transcriptional response associated with mitochondrial remodelling. Recent translational human investigations have demonstrated similar exercise-induced mitochondrial signalling responses in older compared with younger skeletal muscle, regardless of training status. This is consistent with data indicating normative mitochondrial remodelling responses to long-term exercise training in the elderly. Thus, human ageing is not accompanied by diminished mitochondrial plasticity to acute and chronic exercise stimuli, at least for the signalling pathways measured to date. Exercise-induced increases in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species promote an acute redox-regulated stress response that manifests as increased heat shock protein and antioxidant enzyme content. In accordance with previous reports in rodents and mice, it appears that sedentary ageing is associated with a severely attenuated exercise-induced redox stress response that might be related to an absent redox signal. In this regard, regular exercise training affords some protection but does not completely override age-related defects. Despite some failed redox-regulated stress responses, it seems mitochondrial responses to exercise training are intact in skeletal muscle with age and this might underpin the protective effect of exercise training on age-related musculoskeletal decline. Whilst further investigation is required, recent data suggest that it is never too late to begin exercise training and that lifelong training provides protection against several age-related declines at both the molecular (e.g. reduced mitochondrial function) and whole-body level (e.g. aerobic capacity).
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Nakashima Y, Ohsawa I, Nishimaki K, Kumamoto S, Maruyama I, Suzuki Y, Ohta S. Preventive effects of Chlorella on skeletal muscle atrophy in muscle-specific mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity-deficient mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:390. [PMID: 25305781 PMCID: PMC4200191 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is involved in age-related muscle atrophy, such as sarcopenia. Since Chlorella, a unicellular green alga, contains various antioxidant substances, we used a mouse model of enhanced oxidative stress to investigate whether Chlorella could prevent muscle atrophy. Methods Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an anti-oxidative enzyme that detoxifies reactive aldehydes derived from lipid peroxides such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). We therefore used transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative form of ALDH2 (ALDH2*2 Tg mice) to selectively decrease ALDH2 activity in the muscles. To evaluate the effect of Chlorella, the mice were fed a Chlorella-supplemented diet (CSD) for 6 months. Results ALDH2*2 Tg mice exhibited small body size, muscle atrophy, decreased fat content, osteopenia, and kyphosis, accompanied by increased muscular 4-HNE levels. The CSD helped in recovery of body weight, enhanced oxidative stress, and increased levels of a muscle impairment marker, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) induced by ALDH2*2. Furthermore, histological and histochemical analyses revealed that the consumption of the CSD improved skeletal muscle atrophy and the activity of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. Conclusions This study suggests that long-term consumption of Chlorella has the potential to prevent age-related muscle atrophy.
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Hindi SM, Mishra V, Bhatnagar S, Tajrishi MM, Ogura Y, Yan Z, Burkly LC, Zheng TS, Kumar A. Regulatory circuitry of TWEAK-Fn14 system and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle atrophy program. FASEB J 2013; 28:1398-411. [PMID: 24327607 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-242123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting attributed to inactivity has significant adverse functional consequences. Accumulating evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)-Fn14 system are key regulators of skeletal muscle mass in various catabolic states. While the activation of TWEAK-Fn14 signaling causes muscle wasting, PGC-1α preserves muscle mass in several conditions, including functional denervation and aging. However, it remains unknown whether there is any regulatory interaction between PGC-1α and TWEAK-Fn14 system during muscle atrophy. Here we demonstrate that TWEAK significantly reduces the levels of PGC-1α and mitochondrial content (∼50%) in skeletal muscle. Levels of PGC-1α are significantly increased in skeletal muscle of TWEAK-knockout (KO) and Fn14-KO mice compared to wild-type mice on denervation. Transgenic (Tg) overexpression of PGC-1α inhibited progressive muscle wasting in TWEAK-Tg mice. PGC-1α inhibited the TWEAK-induced activation of NF-κB (∼50%) and dramatically reduced (∼90%) the expression of atrogenes such as MAFbx and MuRF1. Intriguingly, muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α also prevented the inducible expression of Fn14 in denervated skeletal muscle. Collectively, our study demonstrates that TWEAK induces muscle atrophy through repressing the levels of PGC-1α. Overexpression of PGC-1α not only blocks the TWEAK-induced atrophy program but also diminishes the expression of Fn14 in denervated skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedah M Hindi
- 2Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 500 South Preston St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Demontis F, Piccirillo R, Goldberg AL, Perrimon N. Mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging: insights from Drosophila and mammalian models. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:1339-52. [PMID: 24092876 PMCID: PMC3820258 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.012559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A characteristic feature of aged humans and other mammals is the debilitating, progressive loss of skeletal muscle function and mass that is known as sarcopenia. Age-related muscle dysfunction occurs to an even greater extent during the relatively short lifespan of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Studies in model organisms indicate that sarcopenia is driven by a combination of muscle tissue extrinsic and intrinsic factors, and that it fundamentally differs from the rapid atrophy of muscles observed following disuse and fasting. Extrinsic changes in innervation, stem cell function and endocrine regulation of muscle homeostasis contribute to muscle aging. In addition, organelle dysfunction and compromised protein homeostasis are among the primary intrinsic causes. Some of these age-related changes can in turn contribute to the induction of compensatory stress responses that have a protective role during muscle aging. In this Review, we outline how studies in Drosophila and mammalian model organisms can each provide distinct advantages to facilitate the understanding of this complex multifactorial condition and how they can be used to identify suitable therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Demontis
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Short-term caloric restriction, resveratrol, or combined treatment regimens initiated in late-life alter mitochondrial protein expression profiles in a fiber-type specific manner in aged animals. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:858-68. [PMID: 23747682 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a loss in muscle known as sarcopenia that is partially attributed to apoptosis. In aging rodents, caloric restriction (CR) increases health and longevity by improving mitochondrial function and the polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) has been reported to have similar benefits. In the present study, we investigated the potential efficacy of using short-term (6 weeks) CR (20%), RSV (50 mg/kg/day), or combined CR+ RSV (20% CR and 50 mg/kg/day RSV), initiated at late-life (27 months) to protect muscle against sarcopenia by altering mitochondrial function, biogenesis, content, and apoptotic signaling in both glycolytic white and oxidative red gastrocnemius muscle (WG and RG, respectively) of male Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats. CR but not RSV attenuated the age-associated loss of muscle mass in both mixed gastrocnemius and soleus muscle, while combined treatment (CR + RSV) paradigms showed a protective effect in the soleus and plantaris muscle (P < 0.05). Sirt1 protein content was increased by 2.6-fold (P < 0.05) in WG but not RG muscle with RSV treatment, while CR or CR + RSV had no effect. PGC-1α levels were higher (2-fold) in the WG from CR-treated animals (P < 0.05) when compared to ad-libitum (AL) animals but no differences were observed in the RG with any treatment. Levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were significantly higher (1.6-fold) in the WG muscle of RSV and CR + RSV groups compared to AL (P < 0.05) but tended to occur coincident with elevations in the pro-apoptotic protein Bax so that the apoptotic susceptibility as indicated by the Bax to Bcl-2 ratio was unchanged. There were no alterations in DNA fragmentation with any treatment in muscle from older animals. Additionally, mitochondrial respiration measured in permeabilized muscle fibers was unchanged in any treatment group and this paralleled the lack of change in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. These data suggest that short-term moderate CR, RSV, or CR + RSV tended to modestly alter key mitochondrial regulatory and apoptotic signaling pathways in glycolytic muscle and this might contribute to the moderate protective effects against aging-induced muscle loss observed in this study.
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Ahuja P, Wanagat J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Liem DA, Ping P, Antoshechkin IA, Margulies KB, Maclellan WR. Divergent mitochondrial biogenesis responses in human cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2013; 127:1957-67. [PMID: 23589024 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.001219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are key players in the development and progression of heart failure (HF). Mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction leads to diminished energy production and increased cell death contributing to the progression of left ventricular failure. The fundamental mechanisms that underlie mt dysfunction in HF have not been fully elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS To characterize mt morphology, biogenesis, and genomic integrity in human HF, we investigated left ventricular tissue from nonfailing hearts and end-stage ischemic (ICM) or dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathic hearts. Although mt dysfunction was present in both types of cardiomyopathy, mt were smaller and increased in number in DCM compared with ICM or nonfailing hearts. mt volume density and mtDNA copy number was increased by ≈2-fold (P<0.001) in DCM hearts in comparison with ICM hearts. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the expression of mtDNA-encoded genes in DCM versus no change in ICM. mtDNA repair and antioxidant genes were reduced in failing hearts, suggestive of a defective repair and protection system, which may account for the 4.1-fold increase in mtDNA deletion mutations in DCM (P<0.05 versus nonfailing hearts, P<0.05 versus ICM). CONCLUSIONS In DCM, mt dysfunction is associated with mtDNA damage and deletions, which could be a consequence of mutating stress coupled with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α-dependent stimulus for mt biogenesis. However, this maladaptive compensatory response contributes to additional oxidative damage. Thus, our findings support further investigations into novel mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for mt dysfunction in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ahuja
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, BH-569 CHS, BOX 957115, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Salahi E, Salehi Z, Zahiri Z, Sadri S, Rad NK. Mitochondrial DNA 4977-bp deletion in endometriosis. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cobley JN, Bartlett JD, Kayani A, Murray SW, Louhelainen J, Donovan T, Waldron S, Gregson W, Burniston JG, Morton JP, Close GL. PGC-1α transcriptional response and mitochondrial adaptation to acute exercise is maintained in skeletal muscle of sedentary elderly males. Biogerontology 2012. [PMID: 23187721 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-012-9408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of ageing and training status on (1) markers of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and (2) the ability to activate the acute signalling pathways associated with regulating exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of young untrained (24 ± 4 years, n = 6; YU), young trained (22 ± 3 years, n = 6; YT), old untrained (65 ± 6 years, n = 6; OU) and old trained (64 ± 3 years, n = 6; OT) healthy males before and after (3 h and 3 days post-exercise) completion of high-intensity interval cycling exercise. In resting muscle, lifelong training preserved mtDNA, PGC-1α and COXIV protein content such that muscles from OT individuals were comparable to muscles from both YU and YT individuals, whereas lifelong sedentary behaviour reduced such markers of mitochondrial content. Regardless of age or training status, acute exercise induced comparable increases in p38MAPK phosphorylation immediately post-exercise, PGC-1α and COXIV mRNA expression at 3 h post-exercise and COXIV protein at 3 days post-exercise. Data demonstrate that lifelong endurance training preserves skeletal muscle PGC-1α content and that despite the mitochondrial dysfunction typically observed with sedentary ageing, muscles from sedentary elderly individuals retain the capacity to activate the acute signalling pathways associated with regulating the early processes of mitochondrial biogenesis. We consider our data to have immediate translational potential as they highlight the potential therapeutic effects of exercise to induce skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis persist late in adulthood, even after a lifetime of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Cobley
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom St Campus, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Skeletal muscle mitochondria and aging: a review. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:194821. [PMID: 22888430 PMCID: PMC3408651 DOI: 10.1155/2012/194821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and muscle strength. Declines in skeletal muscle mitochondria are thought to play a primary role in this process. Mitochondria are the major producers of reactive oxygen species, which damage DNA, proteins, and lipids if not rapidly quenched. Animal and human studies typically show that skeletal muscle mitochondria are altered with aging, including increased mutations in mitochondrial DNA, decreased activity of some mitochondrial enzymes, altered respiration with reduced maximal capacity at least in sedentary individuals, and reduced total mitochondrial content with increased morphological changes. However, there has been much controversy over measurements of mitochondrial energy production, which may largely be explained by differences in approach and by whether physical activity is controlled for. These changes may in turn alter mitochondrial dynamics, such as fusion and fission rates, and mitochondrially induced apoptosis, which may also lead to net muscle fiber loss and age-related sarcopenia. Fortunately, strategies such as exercise and caloric restriction that reduce oxidative damage also improve mitochondrial function. While these strategies may not completely prevent the primary effects of aging, they may help to attenuate the rate of decline.
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Sun X, Liao NK, Yu JJ. Prognostic value of a mitochondrial functional score in prostate cancer. J Int Med Res 2012; 40:371-6. [PMID: 22429378 DOI: 10.1177/147323001204000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of a mitochondrial functional score in predicting the progress of prostate cancer. METHODS This retrospective study included 72 patients (mean age 70.1 years) with prostate cancer who were treated by radical prostatectomy between October 2006 and March 2007. The epithelioglandular mitochondrial functional scores were assessed according to the Flameng grading. Patients were divided into six groups (groups 1-6) according to their Gleason score (Gleason score 2-7, respectively). The correlation between Gleason score and mitochondrial functional score was examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS The mean mitochondrial functional score was significantly lower in group 6 compared with group 1. An inverse correlation was found between the Gleason and mitochondrial functional scores. At 1 year, significantly fewer patients in group 1 had died (0/15 patients) than in group 6 (2/10 patients); the deaths were cancer-related. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial dysfunction exists in patients with prostate cancer, particularly in cases with a higher degree of malignancy. The mitochondrial functional score, combined with the Gleason score, is beneficial for predicting the progress of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Molecular mechanisms for age-associated mitochondrial deficiency in skeletal muscle. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:768304. [PMID: 22548174 PMCID: PMC3324903 DOI: 10.1155/2012/768304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundance, morphology, and functional properties of mitochondria decay in skeletal muscle during the process of ageing. Although the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated, these mechanisms include decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) repair and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondria possess their own protection system to repair mtDNA damage, which leads to defects of mtDNA-encoded gene expression and respiratory chain complex enzymes. However, mtDNA mutations have shown to be accumulated with age in skeletal muscle. When damaged mitochondria are eliminated by autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis plays an important role in sustaining energy production and physiological homeostasis. The capacity for mitochondrial biogenesis has shown to decrease with age in skeletal muscle, contributing to progressive mitochondrial deficiency. Understanding how these endogenous systems adapt to altered physiological conditions during the process of ageing will provide a valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms that regulate cellular homeostasis. Here we will summarize the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms responsible for age-associated mitochondrial deficiency in skeletal muscle. In particular, recent findings on the role of mtDNA repair and mitochondrial biogenesis in maintaining mitochondrial functionality in aged skeletal muscle will be highlighted.
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Khamseh ME, Malek M, Aghili R, Emami Z. Sarcopenia and diabetes: pathogenesis and consequences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1474651411413644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass with age, is considered as a major cause of frailty and decreased independence in the elderly population. On the other hand, ageing is associated with an increase in prevalence of diabetes. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological basis of sarcopenia and its relationship to oxidative stress and insulin resistance state, which contribute to development of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. We will also discuss some ideas on the consequences and treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad E Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center (Firoozgar), Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Malek
- Endocrine Research Center (Firoozgar), Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rokhsareh Aghili
- Endocrine Research Center (Firoozgar), Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Emami
- Endocrine Research Center (Firoozgar), Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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A common polymorphism in the UCP3 promoter influences hand grip strength in elderly people. Biogerontology 2011; 12:265-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-011-9321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Picard M, Ritchie D, Wright KJ, Romestaing C, Thomas MM, Rowan SL, Taivassalo T, Hepple RT. Mitochondrial functional impairment with aging is exaggerated in isolated mitochondria compared to permeabilized myofibers. Aging Cell 2010; 9:1032-46. [PMID: 20849523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate cellular bioenergetics and apoptosis and have been implicated in aging. However, it remains unclear whether age-related loss of muscle mass, known as sarcopenia, is associated with abnormal mitochondrial function. Two technically different approaches have mainly been used to measure mitochondrial function: isolated mitochondria and permeabilized myofiber bundles, but the reliability of these measures in the context of sarcopenia has not been systematically assessed before. A key difference between these approaches is that contrary to isolated mitochondria, permeabilized bundles contain the totality of fiber mitochondria where normal mitochondrial morphology and intracellular interactions are preserved. Using the gastrocnemius muscle from young adult and senescent rats, we show marked effects of aging on three primary indices of mitochondrial function (respiration, H(2) O(2) emission, sensitivity of permeability transition pore to Ca(2+) ) when measured in isolated mitochondria, but to a much lesser degree when measured in permeabilized bundles. Our results clearly demonstrate that mitochondrial isolation procedures typically employed to study aged muscles expose functional impairments not seen in situ. We conclude that aging is associated with more modest changes in mitochondrial function in sarcopenic muscle than suggested previously from isolated organelle studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Kinesiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H2W 1S4, Canada
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Safdar A, deBeer J, Tarnopolsky MA. Dysfunctional Nrf2-Keap1 redox signaling in skeletal muscle of the sedentary old. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1487-93. [PMID: 20708680 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) redox signaling has not been characterized in human skeletal muscle despite an extensive delineation of oxidative stress in the etiology of aging and sarcopenia. We assessed whether the age-associated decline in antioxidant response is due, at least in part, to dysfunction in Nrf2-Keap1 redox signaling. We also evaluated whether an active lifestyle can conserve skeletal muscle cellular redox status via activation of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling. Here we show that a recreationally active lifestyle is associated with the activation of upstream modulators that induce the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response cascade in skeletal muscle of the elderly. Conversely, a sedentary lifestyle is negatively associated with these adaptations mainly because of dysregulation of Nrf2-Keap1 redox signaling that renders the intracellular environment prone to reactive oxygen species-mediated toxicity. Our results indicate that an active lifestyle is an important determinant of cellular redox status. We propose that the metabolic induction of Nrf2-Keap1 redox signaling promises to be a viable therapy for attenuating oxidative stress-mediated damage in skeletal muscle associated with physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Safdar
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
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McKiernan SH, Colman RJ, Lopez M, Beasley TM, Aiken JM, Anderson RM, Weindruch R. Caloric restriction delays aging-induced cellular phenotypes in rhesus monkey skeletal muscle. Exp Gerontol 2010; 46:23-9. [PMID: 20883771 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function and is characterized by a reduction in muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area, alterations in muscle fiber type and mitochondrial functional changes. In rhesus monkeys, calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition improves survival and delays the onset of age-associated diseases and disorders including sarcopenia. We present a longitudinal study on the impact of CR on early stage sarcopenia in the upper leg of monkeys from ~16 years to ~22 years of age. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry we show that CR delayed the development of maximum muscle mass and, unlike Control animals, muscle mass of the upper leg was preserved in CR animals during early phase sarcopenia. Histochemical analyses of vastus lateralis muscle biopsies revealed that CR opposed age-related changes in the proportion of Type II muscle fibers and fiber cross-sectional area. In contrast the number of muscle fibers with mitochondrial electron transport system enzyme abnormalities (ETS(ab)) was not significantly affected by CR. Laser capture microdissection of ETS(ab) fibers and subsequent PCR analysis of the mitochondrial DNA revealed large deletion mutations in fibers with abnormal mitochondrial enzyme activities. CR did not prevent stochastic mitochondrial deletion mutations in muscle fibers but CR may have contributed to the maintenance of affected fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H McKiernan
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States.
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Evans WJ, Paolisso G, Abbatecola AM, Corsonello A, Bustacchini S, Strollo F, Lattanzio F. Frailty and muscle metabolism dysregulation in the elderly. Biogerontology 2010; 11:527-36. [PMID: 20683658 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The frailty syndrome is increasingly recognized by geriatricians to identify elders at an extreme risk of adverse health outcomes. The physiological changes that result in frailty are complex and up to now have been extremely difficult to characterize due to the frequent coexistence of acute and chronic illness. Frailty is characterized by an decline in the functional reserve with several alterations in diverse physiological systems, including lower energy metabolism, decreased skeletal muscle mass and quality, altered hormonal and inflammatory functions. This altered network leads to an extreme vulnerability for disease, functional dependency, hospitalization and death. One of the most important core components of the frailty syndrome is a decreased reserve in skeletal muscle functioning which is clinically characterized by a loss in muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), in walking performance and in endurance associated with a perception of exhaustion and fatigue. There are a number of physiological changes that occur in senescent muscle tissues that have a critical effect on body metabolism. The causes of sarcopenia are multi-factorial and can include disuse, changing hormonal function, chronic diseases, inflammation, insulin resistance, and nutritional deficiencies. In this review, we will explore the dysregulation of some biological mechanisms that may contribute to the pathophysiology of the frailty syndrome through age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Evans
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Fiser WM, Hays NP, Rogers SC, Kajkenova O, Williams AE, Evans CM, Evans WJ. Energetics of Walking in Elderly People: Factors Related to Gait Speed. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:1332-7. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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