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Zhu C, Lu X, Cai T, Zhu K, Shi L, Chen Y, Wang T, Yang Y, Tu D, Fu Q, Huang J, Zhen Y. Firefly toxin lucibufagins evolved after the origin of bioluminescence. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae215. [PMID: 38919269 PMCID: PMC11197309 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Fireflies were believed to originally evolve their novel bioluminescence as warning signals to advertise their toxicity to predators, which was later adopted in adult mating. Although the evolution of bioluminescence has been investigated extensively, the warning signal hypothesis of its origin has not been tested. In this study, we test this hypothesis by systematically determining the presence or absence of firefly toxin lucibufagins (LBGs) across firefly species and inferring the time of origin of LBGs. We confirm the presence of LBGs in the subfamily Lampyrinae, but more importantly, we reveal the absence of LBGs in other lineages, including the subfamilies of Luciolinae, Ototretinae, and Psilocladinae, two incertae sedis lineages, and the Rhagophthalmidae family. Ancestral state reconstructions for LBGs based on firefly phylogeny constructed using genomic data suggest that the presence of LBGs in the common ancestor of the Lampyrinae subfamily is highly supported but unsupported in more ancient nodes, including firefly common ancestors. Our results suggest that firefly LBGs probably evolved much later than the evolution of bioluminescence. We thus conclude that firefly bioluminescence did not originally evolve as direct warning signals for toxic LBGs and advise that future studies should focus on other hypotheses. Moreover, LBG toxins are known to directly target and inhibit the α subunit of Na+, K+-ATPase (ATPα). We further examine the effects of amino acid substitutions in firefly ATPα on its interactions with LBGs. We find that ATPα in LBG-containing fireflies is relatively insensitive to LBGs, which suggests that target-site insensitivity contributes to LBG-containing fireflies' ability to deal with their own toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Zhu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Xiaoli Lu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Tianlong Cai
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Kangli Zhu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Lina Shi
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yinjuan Chen
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yaoming Yang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Dandan Tu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Ying Zhen
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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Blaustein MP, Hamlyn JM. Sensational site: the sodium pump ouabain-binding site and its ligands. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1120-C1177. [PMID: 38223926 PMCID: PMC11193536 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00273.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), used by certain insects, toads, and rats for protection from predators, became, thanks to Withering's trailblazing 1785 monograph, the mainstay of heart failure (HF) therapy. In the 1950s and 1960s, we learned that the CTS receptor was part of the sodium pump (NKA) and that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger was critical for the acute cardiotonic effect of digoxin- and ouabain-related CTS. This "settled" view was upended by seven revolutionary observations. First, subnanomolar ouabain sometimes stimulates NKA while higher concentrations are invariably inhibitory. Second, endogenous ouabain (EO) was discovered in the human circulation. Third, in the DIG clinical trial, digoxin only marginally improved outcomes in patients with HF. Fourth, cloning of NKA in 1985 revealed multiple NKA α and β subunit isoforms that, in the rodent, differ in their sensitivities to CTS. Fifth, the NKA is a cation pump and a hormone receptor/signal transducer. EO binding to NKA activates, in a ligand- and cell-specific manner, several protein kinase and Ca2+-dependent signaling cascades that have widespread physiological effects and can contribute to hypertension and HF pathogenesis. Sixth, all CTS are not equivalent, e.g., ouabain induces hypertension in rodents while digoxin is antihypertensinogenic ("biased signaling"). Seventh, most common rodent hypertension models require a highly ouabain-sensitive α2 NKA and the elevated blood pressure is alleviated by EO immunoneutralization. These numerous phenomena are enabled by NKA's intricate structure. We have just begun to understand the endocrine role of the endogenous ligands and the broad impact of the ouabain-binding site on physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordecai P Blaustein
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - John M Hamlyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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McKenna MJ, Renaud JM, Ørtenblad N, Overgaard K. A century of exercise physiology: effects of muscle contraction and exercise on skeletal muscle Na +,K +-ATPase, Na + and K + ions, and on plasma K + concentration-historical developments. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:681-751. [PMID: 38206444 PMCID: PMC10879387 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This historical review traces key discoveries regarding K+ and Na+ ions in skeletal muscle at rest and with exercise, including contents and concentrations, Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) and exercise effects on plasma [K+] in humans. Following initial measures in 1896 of muscle contents in various species, including humans, electrical stimulation of animal muscle showed K+ loss and gains in Na+, Cl- and H20, then subsequently bidirectional muscle K+ and Na+ fluxes. After NKA discovery in 1957, methods were developed to quantify muscle NKA activity via rates of ATP hydrolysis, Na+/K+ radioisotope fluxes, [3H]-ouabain binding and phosphatase activity. Since then, it became clear that NKA plays a central role in Na+/K+ homeostasis and that NKA content and activity are regulated by muscle contractions and numerous hormones. During intense exercise in humans, muscle intracellular [K+] falls by 21 mM (range - 13 to - 39 mM), interstitial [K+] increases to 12-13 mM, and plasma [K+] rises to 6-8 mM, whilst post-exercise plasma [K+] falls rapidly, reflecting increased muscle NKA activity. Contractions were shown to increase NKA activity in proportion to activation frequency in animal intact muscle preparations. In human muscle, [3H]-ouabain-binding content fully quantifies NKA content, whilst the method mainly detects α2 isoforms in rats. Acute or chronic exercise affects human muscle K+, NKA content, activity, isoforms and phospholemman (FXYD1). Numerous hormones, pharmacological and dietary interventions, altered acid-base or redox states, exercise training and physical inactivity modulate plasma [K+] during exercise. Finally, historical research approaches largely excluded female participants and typically used very small sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McKenna
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- College of Sport Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Jean-Marc Renaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian Overgaard
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Markov AG, Livanova AA, Fedorova AA, Kravtsova VV, Krivoi II. Chronic Ouabain Targets Pore-Forming Claudin-2 and Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Damage to the Rat Intestinal Tissue Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:278. [PMID: 38203449 PMCID: PMC10778734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) causes disturbances in the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Given the therapeutic potential of ouabain, a specific ligand of the Na,K-ATPase, we tested its ability to protect against IR-induced disturbances in the barrier and transport properties of the jejunum and colon of rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 6-day intraperitoneal injections of vehicle or ouabain (1 µg/kg/day). On the fourth day of injections, rats were exposed to total-body X-ray irradiation (10 Gy) or a sham irradiation. Isolated tissues were examined 72 h post-irradiation. Electrophysiological characteristics and paracellular permeability for sodium fluorescein were measured in an Ussing chamber. Histological analysis and Western blotting were also performed. In the jejunum tissue, ouabain exposure did not prevent disturbances in transepithelial resistance, paracellular permeability, histological characteristics, as well as changes in the expression of claudin-1, -3, -4, tricellulin, and caspase-3 induced by IR. However, ouabain prevented overexpression of occludin and the pore-forming claudin-2. In the colon tissue, ouabain prevented electrophysiological disturbances and claudin-2 overexpression. These observations may reveal a mechanism by which circulating ouabain maintains tight junction integrity under IR-induced intestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.L.); (A.A.F.); (V.V.K.); (I.I.K.)
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Trant J, Sanchez G, McDermott JP, Blanco G. Ouabain enhances renal cyst growth in a slowly progressive mouse model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F857-F869. [PMID: 37823195 PMCID: PMC10874652 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00056.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cyst progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is highly dependent on agents circulating in blood. We have previously shown, using different in vitro models, that one of these agents is the hormone ouabain. By binding to Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA), ouabain triggers a cascade of signal transduction events that enhance ADPKD cyst progression by stimulating cell proliferation, fluid secretion, and dedifferentiation of the renal tubular epithelial cells. Here, we determined the effects of ouabain in vivo. We show that daily administration of ouabain to Pkd1RC/RC ADPKD mice for 1-5 mo, at physiological levels, augmented kidney cyst area and number compared with saline-injected controls. Also, ouabain favored renal fibrosis; however, renal function was not significantly altered as determined by blood urea nitrogen levels. Ouabain did not have a sex preferential effect, with male and female mice being affected equally. By contrast, ouabain had no significant effect on wild-type mice. In addition, the actions of ouabain on Pkd1RC/RC mice were exacerbated when another mutation that increased the affinity of NKA for ouabain was introduced to the mice (Pkd1RC/RCNKAα1OS/OS mice). Altogether, this work highlights the role of ouabain as a procystogenic factor in the development of ADPKD in vivo, that the ouabain affinity site on NKA is critical for this effect, and that circulating ouabain is an epigenetic factor that worsens the ADPKD phenotype.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work shows that the hormone ouabain enhances the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in vivo. Ouabain augments the size and number of renal cysts, the kidney weight to body weight ratio, and kidney fibrosis in an ADPKD mouse model. The Na+-K+-ATPase affinity for ouabain plays a critical role in these effects. In addition, these outcomes are independent of the sex of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Trant
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, The Kidney Institute, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Gladis Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, The Kidney Institute, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Jeffrey P McDermott
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, The Kidney Institute, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Gustavo Blanco
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, The Kidney Institute, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
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Ponce A, Larre I, Jimenez L, Roldán ML, Shoshani L, Cereijido M. Ouabain's Influence on TRPV4 Channels of Epithelial Cells: An Exploration of TRPV4 Activity, Expression, and Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16687. [PMID: 38069012 PMCID: PMC10705919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ouabain, a substance originally obtained from plants, is now classified as a hormone because it is produced endogenously in certain animals, including humans. However, its precise effects on the body remain largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that ouabain can influence the phenotype of epithelial cells by affecting the expression of cell-cell molecular components and voltage-gated potassium channels. In this study, we conducted whole-cell clamp assays to determine whether ouabain affects the activity and/or expression of TRPV4 channels. Our findings indicate that ouabain has a statistically significant effect on the density of TRPV4 currents (dITRPV4), with an EC50 of 1.89 nM. Regarding treatment duration, dITRPV4 reaches its peak at around 1 h, followed by a subsequent decline and then a resurgence after 6 h, suggesting a short-term modulatory effect related to on TRPV4 channel activity and a long-term effect related to the promotion of synthesis of new TRPV4 channel units. The enhancement of dITRPV4 induced by ouabain was significantly lower in cells seeded at low density than in cells in a confluent monolayer, indicating that the action of ouabain depends on intercellular contacts. Furthermore, the fact that U73122 and neomycin suppress the effect caused by ouabain in the short term suggests that the short-term induced enhancement of dITRPV4 is due to the depletion of PIP2 stores. In contrast, the fact that the long-term effect is inhibited by PP2, wortmannin, PD, FR18, and IKK16 suggests that cSrc, PI3K, Erk1/2, and NF-kB are among the components included in the signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Ponce
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (L.J.); (M.L.R.); (L.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Isabel Larre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Lidia Jimenez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (L.J.); (M.L.R.); (L.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Luisa Roldán
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (L.J.); (M.L.R.); (L.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Liora Shoshani
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (L.J.); (M.L.R.); (L.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcelino Cereijido
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (L.J.); (M.L.R.); (L.S.); (M.C.)
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Pereira‐Acácio A, Veloso‐Santos JPM, Alves‐Bezerra D, Costa‐Sarmento G, Muzi‐Filho H, Vieyra A. Different antihypertensive and metabolic responses to rostafuroxin in undernourished and normonourished male rats: Outcomes on bodily Na + handling. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15820. [PMID: 37667414 PMCID: PMC10477346 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a pandemic nowadays. We aimed to investigate whether chronic undernutrition modifies the response to the antihypertensive drug rostafuroxin in juvenile hypertensive rats. Chronic undernutrition was induced in male rats using a multideficient diet known as the Regional Basic Diet (RBD), mimicking alimentary habits in impoverished regions worldwide. Animals were given RBD-or a control/CTRL normal diet for rodents-from weaning to 90 days, and rostafuroxin (1 mg/kg body mass) was orally administered from day 60 onwards. For the last 2 days, the rats were hosted in metabolic cages to measure food/energy, water, Na+ ingestion, and urinary volume. Rostafuroxin increased food/energy/Na+ intake in CTRL and RBD rats but had opposite effects on Na+ balance (intake minus urinary excretion). The drug normalized the decreased plasma Na+ concentration in RBD rats, increased urinary volume in RBD but not in CTRL, and decreased and increased urinary Na+ concentration in the RBD and CTRL groups, respectively. Rostafuroxin decreased the ouabain-sensitive (Na+ +K+ )ATPase and increased the ouabain-resistant Na+ -ATPase from proximal tubule cells in both groups and normalized the systolic blood pressure in RBD without effect in CTRL rats. We conclude that chronic undernutrition modifies the response of blood pressure and metabolic responses to rostafuroxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Pereira‐Acácio
- Graduate Program of Translational Biomedicine/BIOTRANSUniversity of Grande RioDuque de CaxiasBrazil
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIOFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine/REGENERARio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - João P. M. Veloso‐Santos
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIOFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine/REGENERARio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Danilo Alves‐Bezerra
- Graduate Program of Translational Biomedicine/BIOTRANSUniversity of Grande RioDuque de CaxiasBrazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIOFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine/REGENERARio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Glória Costa‐Sarmento
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIOFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine/REGENERARio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Humberto Muzi‐Filho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIOFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine/REGENERARio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Graduate Program of Translational Biomedicine/BIOTRANSUniversity of Grande RioDuque de CaxiasBrazil
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIOFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine/REGENERARio de JaneiroBrazil
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Bolignano D, Greco M, D’Agostino M, Cianfrone P, Tripodi L, Misiti R, Zicarelli M, Ganino L, Foti DP, Andreucci M, Coppolino G. Urinary Marinobufagenin in Patients with Non-Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1392. [PMID: 37629682 PMCID: PMC10456778 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the rise, posing important challenges for healthcare systems. Thus, the search for new factors potentially involved in the pathogenesis, progression and complications of early CKD remains urgent. Marinobufagenin (MBG) is a natriuretic endogenous cardiotonic steroid, and increased circulating levels of it may accelerate kidney damage. In this study, we explored the possible clinical significance of measuring urinary marinobufagenin (uMBG) in patients with non-advanced CKD. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eight adult CKD patients (mean age 71.6 ± 10 years, 70.4% male; mean eGFR 40.54 ± 17 mL/min/1.73 m2) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. uMBG was measured together with a series of clinical, anthropometric, laboratory and instrumental analyses. Twenty-five healthy matched subjects served as controls for the uMBG measurement. Results: The uMBG values were lower in the patients with CKD as compared to those of the controls (0.37 [IQR: 0.25-0.45] vs. 0.64 [0.46-0.78] nmol/L. p = 0.004), and a significant trend in eGFR levels was noticed across the decreasing uMBG tertiles (p = 0.03). Regarding the correlation analyses, the uMBG values remained robustly associated with the eGFR in multivariate models employing either uMBG or eGFR as the dependent variable (β = 0.248; p = 0.01 and β = 0.139; p = 0.04, respectively). Besides the eGFR, the independent predictors of uMBG values in this population were the use of statins (β = -0.326; p = 0.001), the presence of diabetes (β = 0.243; p = 0.009) and urine sodium (β = 0.204; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Reduced uMBG excretion may reflect impaired renal clearance, which may contribute to the detrimental effects attributed to this hormone due to systemic accumulation. Future studies are needed to clarify the biological mechanisms placing uMBG at the crossroad of sodium intake and the presence of diabetes in CKD-suffering individuals and to verify whether a statin treatment may somewhat limit the detrimental effects of MBG in the presence of impaired renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bolignano
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Greco
- Clinical Pathology Lab., Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mario D’Agostino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
| | - Paola Cianfrone
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
| | - Loredana Tripodi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
| | - Roberta Misiti
- Clinical Pathology Lab., Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Zicarelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ganino
- Clinical Pathology Lab., Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- Clinical Pathology Lab., Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Carullo N, Fabiano G, D'Agostino M, Zicarelli MT, Musolino M, Presta P, Michael A, Andreucci M, Bolignano D, Coppolino G. New Insights on the Role of Marinobufagenin from Bench to Bedside in Cardiovascular and Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11186. [PMID: 37446363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marinobufagenin (MBG) is a member of the bufadienolide family of compounds, which are natural cardiac glycosides found in a variety of animal species, including man, which have different physiological and biochemical functions but have a common action on the inhibition of the adenosine triphosphatase sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase). MBG acts as an endogenous cardiotonic steroid, and in the last decade, its role as a pathogenic factor in various human diseases has emerged. In this paper, we have collated major evidence regarding the biological characteristics and functions of MBG and its implications in human pathology. This review focused on MBG involvement in chronic kidney disease, including end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular diseases, sex and gender medicine, and its actions on the nervous and immune systems. The role of MBG in pathogenesis and the development of a wide range of pathological conditions indicate that this endogenous peptide could be used in the future as a diagnostic biomarker and/or therapeutic target, opening important avenues of scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno Carullo
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fabiano
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mario D'Agostino
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Michela Musolino
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierangela Presta
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ashour Michael
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Davide Bolignano
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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10
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Bolignano D, Greco M, Presta P, Caglioti A, Carullo N, Zicarelli M, Foti DP, Dragone F, Andreucci M, Coppolino G. Marinobufagenin, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Residual Renal Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093072. [PMID: 37176512 PMCID: PMC10179363 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is a pervasive complication of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), persists in some uremic individuals even after kidney transplantation (Ktx), contributing to worsening CV outcomes. Marinobufagenin (MBG), an endogenous steroid cardiotonic hormone endowed with natriuretic and vasoconstrictive properties, is an acknowledged trigger of uremic cardiomyopathy. However, its clinical significance in the setting of Ktx remains undefined. METHODS In a cohort of chronic Ktx recipients (n = 40), we assessed circulating MBG together with a thorough clinical and echocardiographic examination. Forty matched haemodialysis (HD) patients and thirty healthy subjects served as controls for MBG measurements. Patients were then prospectively followed up to 12 months and the occurrence of an established cardio-renal endpoint (death, CV events, renal events, graft rejection) was recorded. RESULTS Median MBG plasma levels were lower in Ktx as compared with HD patients (p = 0.02), but higher as compared with healthy controls (p = 0.0005). Urinary sodium (β = 0.423; p = 0.01) and eGFR (β = -0.324; p = 0.02) were the sole independent predictors of MBG in this cohort, while a strong correlation with left ventricular mass index (LVMi), found in univariate analyses (R = 0.543; p = 0.0007), gained significance only in multivariate models not including eGFR. Logistic regression analyses indicated MBG as a significant predictor of the combined endpoint (OR 2.38 [1.10-5.12] per each 1 nmoL/L increase; p = 0.01), as well as eGFR, LVMi, serum phosphate and proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS Ktx recipients display altered MBG levels which are influenced by sodium balance, renal impairment and the severity of LVH. Thus, MBG might represent an important missing link between reduced graft function and pathological cardiac remodelling and may hold important prognostic value for improving cardio-renal risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bolignano
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Greco
- Clinical Pathology Lab, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierangela Presta
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caglioti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nazareno Carullo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Zicarelli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- Clinical Pathology Lab, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Dragone
- Clinical Pathology Lab, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna-Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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11
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Pasatetskaya NA, Klimshin SI, Lopatina EV. Role of Na +,K +-ATPase in Bone Remodeling. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 174:678-680. [PMID: 37046115 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cardiotonic steroids (ouabain and digoxin) on the bone formation were studied using the organotypic tissue culture in combination with confocal microscopy. The expression of α1- and α3-isoforms of Na+,K+-ATPase was detected in cells of the bone tissue of 12-day-old chicken embryos. Ouabain in a concentrations 10-10 M (comparable with its endogenous concentration) can modulate transducer function of Na+,K+-ATPase and control the growth and proliferation bone tissue cells. Unlike ouabain, digoxin is not involved in the regulation of bone tissue growth in a 12-day-old chicken embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Pasatetskaya
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - S I Klimshin
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E V Lopatina
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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12
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Takada Y, Kaneko K, Kawakami Y. Interaction of Odoroside A, A Known Natural Cardiac Glycoside, with Na +/K +-ATPase. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:229-241. [PMID: 36840763 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The nature of odoroside A, a cardiac glycoside (CG) extracted from Nerium oleander, as well as its chemical structure is quite similar to a well-known CG, ouabain possessing a steroid skeleton, a five-membered unsaturated lactone ring, and a sugar moiety as a common structure. Like ouabain, odoroside A inhibits the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and shows significant anticancer activity, however its inhibitory mechanism remains unknown. CGs show various physiological activities, including cardiotonic and anticancer activities, through the inhibition of NKA by direct interaction. Additionally, X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the inhibitory mechanism of ouabain and digoxin in relation to NKA. By using different molecular modeling techniques, docking simulation of odoroside A and NKA was conducted based on the results of these X-ray crystallographic analyses. Furthermore, a comparison of the results with the binding characteristics of three known CGs (ouabain, digoxin, and digitoxin) was also conducted. Odoroside A fitted into the CG binding pocket on the α-subunit of NKA revealed by X-ray crystallography. It had key interactions with Thr797 and Phe783. Also, three known CGs showed similar interactions with Thr797 and Phe783. Interaction modes of odoroside A were quite similar to those of ouabain, digoxin, and digitoxin. Docking simulations indicated that the sugar moiety enhanced the interaction between NKA and CGs, but did not show enhanced NKA inhibitory activity because the sugar moiety was placed outside the entrance of active site. Thus, these results suggest that the inhibitory mechanism of odoroside A to NKA is the same as the known CGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takada
- Corporate Planning Department, Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd, Shinagawa Grand Central Tower 2-16-4 Konan, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8241, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Kaneko
- Headquarters of Clinical Development, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shinagawa Grand Central Tower 2-16-4 Konan, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8241, Japan
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13
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Wells M, Fossépré M, Hambye S, Surin M, Blankert B. Uncovering the antimalarial potential of toad venoms through a bioassay-guided fractionation process. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 20:97-107. [PMID: 36343571 PMCID: PMC9772263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains to date one of the most devastating parasitic diseases worldwide. The fight against this disease is rendered more difficult by the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains. The need for new therapeutic candidates is now greater than ever. In this study, we investigated the antiplasmodial potential of toad venoms. The wide array of bioactive compounds present in Bufonidae venoms has allowed researchers to consider many potential therapeutic applications, especially for cancers and infectious diseases. We focused on small molecules, namely bufadienolides, found in the venom of Rhinella marina (L.). The developed bio-guided fractionation process includes a four solvent-system extraction followed by fractionation using flash chromatography. Sub-fractions were obtained through preparative TLC. All samples were characterized using chromatographic and spectrometric techniques and then underwent testing on in vitro Plasmodium falciparum cultures. Two strains were considered: 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine-resistant). This strategy highlighted a promising activity for one compound named resibufogenin. With IC50 values of (29 ± 8) μg/mL and (23 ± 1) μg/mL for 3D7 and W2 respectively, this makes it an interesting candidate for further investigation. A molecular modelling approach proposed a potential binding mode of resibufogenin to Plasmodium falciparum adenine-triphosphate 4 pump as antimalarial drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Wells
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Fossépré
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Faculty of Sciences, Research Institute for Biosciences and Research Institute for Materials, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Hambye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Faculty of Sciences, Research Institute for Biosciences and Research Institute for Materials, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Blankert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
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14
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The role of autophagic cell death in cardiac disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 173:16-24. [PMID: 36084743 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes undergo various forms of cell death during heart disease such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Understanding the mechanisms of cell death in cardiomyocytes is one of the most fundamental issues in the treatment of heart failure. Among the several kinds of cell death mechanisms, this review will focus on autophagy-related cardiomyocyte cell death. Although autophagy plays an essential role in mediating cellular quality control mechanisms for cell survival, dysregulation of autophagy can cause cell death, referred to as autophagy-dependent cell death or type II programmed cell death. The recent discovery of autosis as a modality of autophagy-dependent cell death with unique morphological and biochemical features has allowed us to broaden our understanding of the mechanistic role of autophagy in cell death. Here, we discuss autophagy-dependent cardiomyocyte cell death, including autosis, in pathophysiological conditions of the heart.
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15
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Ameer OZ. Hypertension in chronic kidney disease: What lies behind the scene. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949260. [PMID: 36304157 PMCID: PMC9592701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a frequent condition encountered during kidney disease development and a leading cause in its progression. Hallmark factors contributing to hypertension constitute a complexity of events that progress chronic kidney disease (CKD) into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Multiple crosstalk mechanisms are involved in sustaining the inevitable high blood pressure (BP) state in CKD, and these play an important role in the pathogenesis of increased cardiovascular (CV) events associated with CKD. The present review discusses relevant contributory mechanisms underpinning the promotion of hypertension and their consequent eventuation to renal damage and CV disease. In particular, salt and volume expansion, sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity, upregulated renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), oxidative stress, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and a range of mediators and signaling molecules which are thought to play a role in this concert of events are emphasized. As the control of high BP via therapeutic interventions can represent the key strategy to not only reduce BP but also the CV burden in kidney disease, evidence for major strategic pathways that can alleviate the progression of hypertensive kidney disease are highlighted. This review provides a particular focus on the impact of RAAS antagonists, renal nerve denervation, baroreflex stimulation, and other modalities affecting BP in the context of CKD, to provide interesting perspectives on the management of hypertensive nephropathy and associated CV comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Z. Ameer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Omar Z. Ameer,
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16
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Chemistry and the Potential Antiviral, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cardiotonic Steroids Derived from Toads. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196586. [PMID: 36235123 PMCID: PMC9571018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) were first documented by ancient Egyptians more than 3000 years ago. Cardiotonic steroids are a group of steroid hormones that circulate in the blood of amphibians and toads and can also be extracted from natural products such as plants, herbs, and marines. It is well known that cardiotonic steroids reveal effects against congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation; therefore, the term "cardiotonic" has been coined. Cardiotonic steroids are divided into two distinct groups: cardenolides (plant-derived) and bufadienolides (mainly of animal origin). Cardenolides have an unsaturated five-membered lactone ring attached to the steroid nucleus at position 17; bufadienolides have a doubly unsaturated six-membered lactone ring. Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in humans all over the world. In 2040, the global cancer load is expected to be 28.4 million cases, which would be a 47% increase from 2020. Moreover, viruses and inflammations also have a very nebative impact on human health and lead to mortality. In the current review, we focus on the chemistry, antiviral and anti-cancer activities of cardiotonic steroids from the naturally derived (toads) venom to combat these chronic devastating health problems. The databases of different research engines (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Sci-Finder) were screened using different combinations of the following terms: “cardiotonic steroids”, “anti-inflammatory”, “antiviral”, “anticancer”, “toad venom”, “bufadienolides”, and “poison chemical composition”. Various cardiotonic steroids were isolated from diverse toad species and exhibited superior anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities in in vivo and in vitro models such as marinobufagenin, gammabufotalin, resibufogenin, and bufalin. These steroids are especially difficult to identify. However, several compounds and their bioactivities were identified by using different molecular and biotechnological techniques. Biotechnology is a new tool to fully or partially generate upscaled quantities of natural products, which are otherwise only available at trace amounts in organisms.
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17
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Mohammadi S, Yang L, Bulbert M, Rowland HM. Defence mitigation by predators of chemically defended prey integrated over the predation sequence and across biological levels with a focus on cardiotonic steroids. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220363. [PMID: 36133149 PMCID: PMC9449480 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions have long served as models for the investigation of adaptation and fitness in natural environments. Anti-predator defences such as mimicry and camouflage provide some of the best examples of evolution. Predators, in turn, have evolved sensory systems, cognitive abilities and physiological resistance to prey defences. In contrast to prey defences which have been reviewed extensively, the evolution of predator counter-strategies has received less attention. To gain a comprehensive view of how prey defences can influence the evolution of predator counter-strategies, it is essential to investigate how and when selection can operate. In this review we evaluate how predators overcome prey defences during (i) encounter, (ii) detection, (iii) identification, (iv) approach, (v) subjugation, and (vi) consumption. We focus on prey that are protected by cardiotonic steroids (CTS)-defensive compounds that are found in a wide range of taxa, and that have a specific physiological target. In this system, coevolution is well characterized between specialist insect herbivores and their host plants but evidence for coevolution between CTS-defended prey and their predators has received less attention. Using the predation sequence framework, we organize 574 studies reporting predators overcoming CTS defences, integrate these counter-strategies across biological levels of organization, and discuss the costs and benefits of attacking CTS-defended prey. We show that distinct lineages of predators have evolved dissecting behaviour, changes in perception of risk and of taste perception, and target-site insensitivity. We draw attention to biochemical, hormonal and microbiological strategies that have yet to be investigated as predator counter-adaptations to CTS defences. We show that the predation sequence framework will be useful for organizing future studies of chemically mediated systems and coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Mohammadi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Institut für Zell- und Systembiologie der Tiere, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Lu Yang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Bulbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Oxford Brookes, Oxford, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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18
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Mohammadi S, Yang L, Bulbert M, Rowland HM. Defence mitigation by predators of chemically defended prey integrated over the predation sequence and across biological levels with a focus on cardiotonic steroids. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220363. [PMID: 36133149 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6168216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions have long served as models for the investigation of adaptation and fitness in natural environments. Anti-predator defences such as mimicry and camouflage provide some of the best examples of evolution. Predators, in turn, have evolved sensory systems, cognitive abilities and physiological resistance to prey defences. In contrast to prey defences which have been reviewed extensively, the evolution of predator counter-strategies has received less attention. To gain a comprehensive view of how prey defences can influence the evolution of predator counter-strategies, it is essential to investigate how and when selection can operate. In this review we evaluate how predators overcome prey defences during (i) encounter, (ii) detection, (iii) identification, (iv) approach, (v) subjugation, and (vi) consumption. We focus on prey that are protected by cardiotonic steroids (CTS)-defensive compounds that are found in a wide range of taxa, and that have a specific physiological target. In this system, coevolution is well characterized between specialist insect herbivores and their host plants but evidence for coevolution between CTS-defended prey and their predators has received less attention. Using the predation sequence framework, we organize 574 studies reporting predators overcoming CTS defences, integrate these counter-strategies across biological levels of organization, and discuss the costs and benefits of attacking CTS-defended prey. We show that distinct lineages of predators have evolved dissecting behaviour, changes in perception of risk and of taste perception, and target-site insensitivity. We draw attention to biochemical, hormonal and microbiological strategies that have yet to be investigated as predator counter-adaptations to CTS defences. We show that the predation sequence framework will be useful for organizing future studies of chemically mediated systems and coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Mohammadi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Institut für Zell- und Systembiologie der Tiere, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Lu Yang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Bulbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Oxford Brookes, Oxford, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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19
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van Thiel J, Khan MA, Wouters RM, Harris RJ, Casewell NR, Fry BG, Kini RM, Mackessy SP, Vonk FJ, Wüster W, Richardson MK. Convergent evolution of toxin resistance in animals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1823-1843. [PMID: 35580905 PMCID: PMC9543476 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Convergence is the phenomenon whereby similar phenotypes evolve independently in different lineages. One example is resistance to toxins in animals. Toxins have evolved many times throughout the tree of life. They disrupt molecular and physiological pathways in target species, thereby incapacitating prey or deterring a predator. In response, molecular resistance has evolved in many species exposed to toxins to counteract their harmful effects. Here, we review current knowledge on the convergence of toxin resistance using examples from a wide range of toxin families. We explore the evolutionary processes and molecular adaptations driving toxin resistance. However, resistance adaptations may carry a fitness cost if they disrupt the normal physiology of the resistant animal. Therefore, there is a trade‐off between maintaining a functional molecular target and reducing toxin susceptibility. There are relatively few solutions that satisfy this trade‐off. As a result, we see a small set of molecular adaptations appearing repeatedly in diverse animal lineages, a phenomenon that is consistent with models of deterministic evolution. Convergence may also explain what has been called ‘autoresistance’. This is often thought to have evolved for self‐protection, but we argue instead that it may be a consequence of poisonous animals feeding on toxic prey. Toxin resistance provides a unique and compelling model system for studying the interplay between trophic interactions, selection pressures and the molecular mechanisms underlying evolutionary novelties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jory van Thiel
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Muzaffar A Khan
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roel M Wouters
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Harris
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas R Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, U.K
| | - Bryan G Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - R Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, U.S.A
| | - Stephen P Mackessy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639-0017, U.S.A
| | - Freek J Vonk
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Wüster
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Michael K Richardson
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Heger T, Zatloukal M, Kubala M, Strnad M, Gruz J. Procyanidin C1 from Viola odorata L. inhibits Na +,K +-ATPase. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7011. [PMID: 35487935 PMCID: PMC9055044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Viola genus play important roles in traditional Asian herbal medicine. This study investigates the ability of Viola odorata L. extracts to inhibit Na+,K+-ATPase, an essential animal enzyme responsible for membrane potential maintenance. The root extract of V. odorata strongly inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase, while leaf and seeds extracts were basically inactive. A UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolomic approach was used to identify the chemical principle of the root extract’s activity, resulting in the detection of 35,292 features. Candidate active compounds were selected by correlating feature area with inhibitory activity in 14 isolated fractions. This yielded a set of 15 candidate compounds, of which 14 were preliminarily identified as procyanidins. Commercially available procyanidins (B1, B2, B3 and C1) were therefore purchased and their ability to inhibit Na+,K+-ATPase was investigated. Dimeric procyanidins B1, B2 and B3 were found to be inactive, but the trimeric procyanidin C1 strongly inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase with an IC50 of 4.5 µM. This newly discovered inhibitor was docked into crystal structures mimicking the Na3E1∼P·ADP and K2E2·Pi states to identify potential interaction sites within Na+,K+-ATPase. Possible binding mechanisms and the principle responsible for the observed root extract activity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Heger
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Zatloukal
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kubala
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Gruz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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21
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Mohammed CJ, Lamichhane S, Connolly JA, Soehnlen SM, Khalaf FK, Malhotra D, Haller ST, Isailovic D, Kennedy DJ. A PON for All Seasons: Comparing Paraoxonase Enzyme Substrates, Activity and Action including the Role of PON3 in Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030590. [PMID: 35326240 PMCID: PMC8945423 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonases (PONs) are a family of hydrolytic enzymes consisting of three members, PON1, PON2, and PON3, located on human chromosome 7. Identifying the physiological substrates of these enzymes is necessary for the elucidation of their biological roles and to establish their applications in the biomedical field. PON substrates are classified as organophosphates, aryl esters, and lactones based on their structure. While the established native physiological activity of PONs is its lactonase activity, the enzymes’ exact physiological substrates continue to be elucidated. All three PONs have antioxidant potential and play an important anti-atherosclerotic role in several diseases including cardiovascular diseases. PON3 is the last member of the family to be discovered and is also the least studied of the three genes. Unlike the other isoforms that have been reviewed extensively, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding PON3. Thus, the current review focuses on PON3 and summarizes the PON substrates, specific activities, kinetic parameters, and their association with cardiovascular as well as other diseases such as HIV and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysan J. Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Sabitri Lamichhane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (S.L.); (D.I.)
| | - Jacob A. Connolly
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Sophia M. Soehnlen
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 61001, Iraq
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Dragan Isailovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (S.L.); (D.I.)
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-383-6822
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22
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Tverskoi AM, Poluektov YM, Klimanova EA, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Orlov SN, Petrushanko IY, Lopina OD. Depth of the Steroid Core Location Determines the Mode of Na,K-ATPase Inhibition by Cardiotonic Steroids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413268. [PMID: 34948068 PMCID: PMC8708600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTSs) are specific inhibitors of Na,K-ATPase (NKA). They induce diverse physiological effects and were investigated as potential drugs in heart diseases, hypertension, neuroinflammation, antiviral and cancer therapy. Here, we compared the inhibition mode and binding of CTSs, such as ouabain, digoxin and marinobufagenin to NKA from pig and rat kidneys, containing CTSs-sensitive (α1S) and -resistant (α1R) α1-subunit, respectively. Marinobufagenin in contrast to ouabain and digoxin interacted with α1S-NKA reversibly, and its binding constant was reduced due to the decrease in the deepening in the CTSs-binding site and a lower number of contacts between the site and the inhibitor. The formation of a hydrogen bond between Arg111 and Asp122 in α1R-NKA induced the reduction in CTSs’ steroid core deepening that led to the reversible inhibition of α1R-NKA by ouabain and digoxin and the absence of marinobufagenin’s effect on α1R-NKA activity. Our results elucidate that the difference in signaling, and cytotoxic effects of CTSs may be due to the distinction in the deepening of CTSs into the binding side that, in turn, is a result of a bent-in inhibitor steroid core (marinobufagenin in α1S-NKA) or the change of the width of CTSs-binding cavity (all CTSs in α1R-NKA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem M. Tverskoi
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.M.P.); (V.A.M.); (A.A.M.); (I.Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.T.); (O.D.L.)
| | - Yuri M. Poluektov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.M.P.); (V.A.M.); (A.A.M.); (I.Y.P.)
| | - Elizaveta A. Klimanova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leniskie Gory Street, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.M.P.); (V.A.M.); (A.A.M.); (I.Y.P.)
| | - Alexander A. Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.M.P.); (V.A.M.); (A.A.M.); (I.Y.P.)
| | - Sergei N. Orlov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leniskie Gory Street, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Irina Yu. Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.M.P.); (V.A.M.); (A.A.M.); (I.Y.P.)
| | - Olga D. Lopina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leniskie Gory Street, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.M.T.); (O.D.L.)
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23
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Vasquez CG, Vachharajani VT, Garzon-Coral C, Dunn AR. Physical basis for the determination of lumen shape in a simple epithelium. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5608. [PMID: 34556639 PMCID: PMC8460836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a hollow lumen in a formerly solid mass of cells is a key developmental process whose dysregulation leads to diseases of the kidney and other organs. Hydrostatic pressure has been proposed to drive lumen expansion, a view that is supported by experiments in the mouse blastocyst. However, lumens formed in other tissues adopt irregular shapes with cell apical faces that are bowed inward, suggesting that pressure may not be the dominant contributor to lumen shape in all cases. Here we use live-cell imaging to study the physical mechanism of lumen formation in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cell spheroids, a canonical cell-culture model for lumenogenesis. We find that in this system, lumen shape reflects basic geometrical considerations tied to the establishment of apico-basal polarity. A physical model incorporating both cell geometry and intraluminal pressure can account for our observations as well as cases in which pressure plays a dominant role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander R Dunn
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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24
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Huntington G. Classification of the mechanisms by which cardiotoxic plant poisons exert their effects. Postgrad Med J 2021; 99:postgradmedj-2021-140406. [PMID: 34348987 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Episodes of poisoning due to plant-based toxins are an unusual presentation to the emergency department. Plant poisons may be ingested if the source plant is misidentified as benign (eg, Lily of the Valley being mistaken for wild garlic and water hemlock being mistaken for wild celery), or taken as part of a complementary medicine regime or otherwise for psychotropic effect. Numerous plant poisons demonstrate cardiotoxic effects resulting from action against cardiac myocyte ion channels, or other cardiac receptor targets. These mechanisms will produce stereotyped symptoms and including electrocardiogram (ECG) changes dependent on which ion channels or receptors are targeted. These mechanisms are stereotyped and may be grouped by toxidromic effect. This article proposes a novel classification of cardiotoxic plant poisons based on these actions. Given that these mechanisms mirror the Vaughan Williams classification used to categorise therapeutic antiarrhythmic agents, it is felt that this will serve as a mnemonic and diagnostic aid in clinical situations of cardiotoxic plant ingestion.
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25
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Liu J, Tian J, Sodhi K, Shapiro JI. The Na/K-ATPase Signaling and SGLT2 Inhibitor-Mediated Cardiorenal Protection: A Crossed Road? J Membr Biol 2021; 254:513-529. [PMID: 34297135 PMCID: PMC8595165 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In different large-scale clinic outcome trials, sodium (Na+)/glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors showed profound cardiac- and renal-protective effects, making them revolutionary treatments for heart failure and kidney disease. Different theories are proposed according to the emerging protective effects other than the original purpose of glucose-lowering in diabetic patients. As the ATP-dependent primary ion transporter providing the Na+ gradient to drive other Na+-dependent transporters, the possible role of the sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) as the primary ion transporter and its signaling function is not explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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26
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Silva CID, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Moraes BPTD, Garcia DG, Burth P. Na/K-ATPase: Their role in cell adhesion and migration in cancer. Biochimie 2021; 185:1-8. [PMID: 33713729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Na/K-ATPase (NKA) is a p-type transmembrane enzyme formed by three different subunits (α, β, and γ gamma). Primarily responsible for transporting sodium and potassium through the cell membrane, it also plays a critical role in intracellular signaling. The activation of diverse intracellular pathways may trigger cell death, survival, or even cell proliferation. Changes in the NKA functions or expression in isoforms subunits impact pathological conditions, such as cancer. The NKA function affects cell adhesion, motility, and migration, which are different in the physiological and pathological states. All enzyme subunits take part in the cell adhesion process, with the β subunit being the most studied. Thus, herein we aim to highlight NKA' central role in cell adhesion, motility, and migration in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ignácio da Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Sinalização Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratorio de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Portugal Tavares de Moraes
- Laboratorio de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo Gomes Garcia
- Laboratório de Neurociências Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Burth
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Sinalização Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
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27
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Maxwell KD, Chuang J, Chaudhry M, Nie Y, Bai F, Sodhi K, Liu J, Shapiro JI. The potential role of Na-K-ATPase and its signaling in the development of anemia in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 320:F234-F242. [PMID: 33356956 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00244.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most prominent diseases affecting our population today. According to the Factsheet published by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it effects approximately 15% of the total population in the United States in some way, shape, or form. Within the myriad of symptomatology associated with CKD, one of the most prevalent factors in terms of affecting quality of life is anemia. Anemia of CKD cannot be completely attributed to one mechanism or cause, but rather has a multifactorial origin in the pathophysiology of CKD. While briefly summarizing well-documented risk factors, this review, as a hypothesis, aims to explore the possible role of Na-K-ATPase and its signaling function [especially recent identified reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification function] in the interwoven mechanisms of development of the anemia of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Maxwell
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Justin Chuang
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Muhammad Chaudhry
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Fang Bai
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia.,Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
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28
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Pirkmajer S, Bezjak K, Matkovič U, Dolinar K, Jiang LQ, Miš K, Gros K, Milovanova K, Pirkmajer KP, Marš T, Kapilevich L, Chibalin AV. Ouabain Suppresses IL-6/STAT3 Signaling and Promotes Cytokine Secretion in Cultured Skeletal Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:566584. [PMID: 33101052 PMCID: PMC7544989 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.566584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiotonic steroids (CTS), such as ouabain and marinobufagenin, are thought to be adrenocortical hormones secreted during exercise and the stress response. The catalytic α-subunit of Na,K-ATPase (NKA) is a CTS receptor, whose largest pool is located in skeletal muscles, indicating that muscles are a major target for CTS. Skeletal muscles contribute to adaptations to exercise by secreting interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plethora of other cytokines, which exert paracrine and endocrine effects in muscles and non-muscle tissues. Here, we determined whether ouabain, a prototypical CTS, modulates IL-6 signaling and secretion in the cultured human skeletal muscle cells. Ouabain (2.5–50 nM) suppressed the abundance of STAT3, a key transcription factor downstream of the IL-6 receptor, as well as its basal and IL-6-stimulated phosphorylation. Conversely, ouabain (50 nM) increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt, p70S6K, and S6 ribosomal protein, indicating activation of the ERK1/2 and the Akt-mTOR pathways. Proteasome inhibitor MG-132 blocked the ouabain-induced suppression of the total STAT3, but did not prevent the dephosphorylation of STAT3. Ouabain (50 nM) suppressed hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a modulator of STAT3 signaling, but gene silencing of HIF-1α and/or its partner protein HIF-1β did not mimic effects of ouabain on the phosphorylation of STAT3. Ouabain (50 nM) failed to suppress the phosphorylation of STAT3 and HIF-1α in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells, which express the ouabain-resistant α1-subunit of NKA. We also found that ouabain (100 nM) promoted the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, and TNF-α from the skeletal muscle cells of healthy subjects, and the secretion of GM-CSF from cells of subjects with the type 2 diabetes. Marinobufagenin (10 nM), another important CTS, did not alter the secretion of these cytokines. In conclusion, our study shows that ouabain suppresses the IL-6 signaling via STAT3, but promotes the secretion of IL-6 and other cytokines, which might represent a negative feedback in the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Collectively, our results implicate a role for CTS and NKA in regulation of the IL-6 signaling and secretion in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Pirkmajer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Bezjak
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Matkovič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Dolinar
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lake Q Jiang
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Miš
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Gros
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kseniya Milovanova
- Department of Sports and Health Tourism, Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Katja Perdan Pirkmajer
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Marš
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leonid Kapilevich
- Department of Sports and Health Tourism, Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Central Scientific Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Lopina OD, Tverskoi AM, Klimanova EA, Sidorenko SV, Orlov SN. Ouabain-Induced Cell Death and Survival. Role of α1-Na,K-ATPase-Mediated Signaling and [Na +] i/[K +] i-Dependent Gene Expression. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1060. [PMID: 33013454 PMCID: PMC7498651 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ouabain is of cardiotonic steroids (CTS) family that is plant-derived compounds and is known for many years as therapeutic and cytotoxic agents. They are specific inhibitors of Na,K-ATPase, the enzyme, which pumps Na+ and K+ across plasma membrane of animal cells. Treatment of cells by CTS affects various cellular functions connected with the maintenance of the transmembrane gradient of Na+ and K+. Numerous studies demonstrated that binding of CTS to Na,K-ATPase not only suppresses its activity but also induces some signal pathways. This review is focused on different mechanisms of two ouabain effects: their ability (1) to protect rodent cells from apoptosis through the expression of [Na+]i-sensitive genes and (2) to trigger death of non-rodents cells (so-called «oncosis»), possessing combined markers of «classic» necrosis and «classic» apoptosis. Detailed study of oncosis demonstrated that the elevation of the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio is not a sufficient for its triggering. Non-rodent cell death is determined by the characteristic property of "sensitive" to ouabain α1-subunit of Na,K-ATPase. In this case, ouabain binding leads to enzyme conformational changes triggering the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling. The survival of rodent cells with ouabain-«resistant» α1-subunit is connected with another conformational transition induced by ouabain binding that results in the activation of ERK 1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dmitrievna Lopina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Mikhaylovich Tverskoi
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Biological Membranes, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergei Nikolaevich Orlov
- Laboratory of Biological Membranes, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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30
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da Silva JMC, Campos MLA, Teixeira MP, da Silva Faustino R, Aleixo RC, Cavalcante FJP, Gomes LRO, de Albuquerque LZ, das Neves Azevedo A, Cabral VR, Paiva LSD. Ouabain pre-treatment modulates B and T lymphocytes and improves survival of melanoma-bearing animals. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106772. [PMID: 32674049 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ouabain (OUA) is a glycoside shown to modulate B and T lymphocytes. Nevertheless, ouabain effects on B16F10 melanoma immune response, a mouse lineage that mimics human melanoma, are still unknown. Our aim was to study how OUA in vivo treatment modulates lymphocytes and if it improves the response against B16F10 cells. C57BL/6 mice were pre-treated with intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of OUA (0.56 mg/Kg) for three consecutive days. On the 4th day, 106 B16F10 cells or vehicle were i.p. injected. Animals were euthanized on days 4th and 21st for organs removal and subsequent lymphocyte analyses by flow cytometry. In vivo ouabain-treatment reduced regulatory T cells in the spleen in both melanoma and non-melanoma groups. Ouabain preserved the number and percentage of B lymphocytes in peripheral organs of melanoma-injected mice. Melanoma-injected mice pre-treated with OUA also survive longer. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of OUA immunological effects in a melanoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyle Moreira Carvalho da Silva
- Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Pires Teixeira
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renan da Silva Faustino
- Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Raul Correia Aleixo
- Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Augusto das Neves Azevedo
- Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Ribeiro Cabral
- Faculdade de Educação, Departamento de Fundamentos Pedagógicos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souza de Paiva
- Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
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31
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The Na/K-ATPase α1 and c-Src form signaling complex under native condition: A crosslinking approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6006. [PMID: 32265464 PMCID: PMC7138855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein-protein interactions amongst the Na/K-ATPase α1 subunit, c-Src, and caveolin-1 (cav-1) are essential for the Na/K-ATPase signaling functions. However, there are arguments concerning the interaction model. The present study aims to clarify the interactions amongst the endogenous native proteins in live cells under native resting condition. Under native condition, Blue Native-PAGE and Blue Native-PAGE/SDS-PAGE 2D analyses demonstrated co-existence of the α1 subunit and c-Src in same protein complex, as well as a direct interaction between the α1 subunit and c-Src. By comparison of cleavable and non-cleavable cysteine-cysteine crosslinked samples, capillary immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that depletion of Src kinase family members (c-Src, Yes, and Fyn) or cav-1 clearly reduced the interactions of the α1 subunit with proteins, but depletion of cav-1 did not affect the interaction of c-Src with the α1 subunit. The data indicated that there are direct interactions between the α1 subunit and c-Src as well as between the α1 subunit and cav-1, but argued about the interaction between c-Src and cav-1 under the condition. Furthermore, the data also indicated the existence of different protein complexes containing the α1 subunit and c-Src, which might have different signaling functions.
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32
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Cardiac glycosides with target at direct and indirect interactions with nuclear receptors. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110106. [PMID: 32248001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are compounds isolated from plants and animals and have been known since ancient times. These compounds inhibit the activity of the sodium potassium pump in eukaryotic cells. Cardiac glycosides were used as drugs in heart ailments to increase myocardial contraction force and, at the same time, to lower frequency of this contraction. An increasing number of studies have indicated that the biological effects of these compounds are not limited to inhibition of sodium-potassium pump activity. Furthermore, an increasing number of data have shown that they are synthesized in tissues of mammals, where they may act as a new class of steroid hormones or other hormones by mimicry to modulate various signaling pathways and influence whole organisms. Thus, we discuss the interactions of cardiac glycosides with the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors activated by low-weight molecular ligands (including hormones) that regulate many functions of cells and organisms. Cardiac glycosides of endogenous and exogenous origin by interacting with nuclear receptors can affect the processes regulated by these transcription factors, including hormonal management, immune system, body defense, and carcinogenesis. They can also be treated as initial structures for combinatorial chemistry to produce new compounds (including drugs) with the desired properties.
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33
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Liu J, Nie Y, Chaudhry M, Bai F, Chuang J, Sodhi K, Shapiro JI. The Redox-Sensitive Na/K-ATPase Signaling in Uremic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041256. [PMID: 32069992 PMCID: PMC7072896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Na/K-ATPase signaling has been implicated in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including cardiac hypertrophy and uremic cardiomyopathy. Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), specific ligands of Na/K-ATPase, regulate its enzymatic activity (at higher concentrations) and signaling function (at lower concentrations without significantly affecting its enzymatic activity) and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. On the other hand, an increase in ROS alone also regulates the Na/K-ATPase enzymatic activity and signaling function. We termed this phenomenon the Na/K-ATPase-mediated oxidant-amplification loop, in which oxidative stress regulates both the Na/K-ATPase activity and signaling. Most recently, we also demonstrated that this amplification loop is involved in the development of uremic cardiomyopathy. This review aims to evaluate the redox-sensitive Na/K-ATPase-mediated oxidant amplification loop and uremic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Y.N.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Y.N.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Muhammad Chaudhry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Y.N.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Fang Bai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Y.N.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Justin Chuang
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (J.C.); (K.S.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (J.C.); (K.S.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (J.C.); (K.S.); (J.I.S.)
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34
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Fernández ÁF, Liu Y, Ginet V, Shi M, Nah J, Zou Z, Zhou A, Posner BA, Xiao G, Tanguy M, Paradis V, Sadoshima J, Rautou PE, Puyal J, Hu MC, Levine B. Interaction between the autophagy protein Beclin 1 and Na+,K+-ATPase during starvation, exercise, and ischemia. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133282. [PMID: 31941841 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosis is a distinct form of cell death that requires both autophagy genes and the Na+,K+-ATPase pump. However, the relationship between the autophagy machinery and Na+,K+-ATPase is unknown. We explored the hypothesis that Na+,K+-ATPase interacts with the autophagy protein Beclin 1 during stress and autosis-inducing conditions. Starvation increased the Beclin 1/Na+,K+-ATPase interaction in cultured cells, and this was blocked by cardiac glycosides, inhibitors of Na+,K+-ATPase. Increases in Beclin 1/Na+,K+-ATPase interaction were also observed in tissues from starved mice, livers of patients with anorexia nervosa, brains of neonatal rats subjected to cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI), and kidneys of mice subjected to renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Cardiac glycosides blocked the increased Beclin 1/Na+,K+-ATPase interaction during cerebral HI injury and renal IRI. In the mouse renal IRI model, cardiac glycosides reduced numbers of autotic cells in the kidney and improved clinical outcome. Moreover, blockade of endogenous cardiac glycosides increased Beclin 1/Na+,K+-ATPase interaction and autotic cell death in mouse hearts during exercise. Thus, Beclin 1/Na+,K+-ATPase interaction is increased in stress conditions, and cardiac glycosides decrease this interaction and autosis in both pathophysiological and physiological settings. This crosstalk between cellular machinery that generates and consumes energy during stress may represent a fundamental homeostatic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro F Fernández
- Center for Autophagy Research.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Autophagy Research.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Vanessa Ginet
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jihoon Nah
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhongju Zou
- Center for Autophagy Research.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | | | | | - Guanghua Xiao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marion Tanguy
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Unity, and
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Hôpitaux Publique de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Unity, and
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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35
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Influence of Endogenous Cardiac Glycosides, Digoxin, and Marinobufagenin in the Physiology of Epithelial Cells. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:8646787. [PMID: 32089875 PMCID: PMC7024086 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8646787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are a group of compounds widely known for their action in cardiac tissue, some of which have been found to be endogenously produced (ECG). We have previously studied the effect of ouabain, an endogenous cardiac glycoside, on the physiology of epithelial cells, and we have shown that in concentrations in the nanomolar range, it affects key properties of epithelial cells, such as tight junction, apical basolateral polarization, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and adherent junctions. In this work, we study the influence of digoxin and marinobufagenin, two other endogenously expressed cardiac glycosides, on GJIC as well as the degree of transepithelial tightness due to tight junction integrity (TJ). We evaluated GJIC by dye transfer assays and tight junction integrity by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) measurements, as well as immunohistochemistry and western blot assays of expression of claudins 2 and 4. We found that both digoxin and marinobufagenin improve GJIC and significantly enhance the tightness of the tight junctions, as evaluated from TER measurements. Immunofluorescence assays show that both compounds promote enhanced basolateral localization of claudin-4 but not claudin 2, while densitometric analysis of western blot assays indicate a significantly increased expression of claudin 4. These changes, induced by digoxin and marinobufagenin on GJIC and TER, were not observed on MDCK-R, a modified MDCK cell line that has a genetically induced insensitive α1 subunit, indicating that Na-K-ATPase acts as a receptor mediating the actions of both ECG. Plus, the fact that the effect of both cardiac glycosides was suppressed by incubation with PP2, an inhibitor of c-Src kinase, PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen extracellular kinase-1 and Y-27632, a selective inhibitor of ROCK, and a Rho-associated protein kinase, indicate altogether that the signaling pathways involved include c-Src and ERK1/2, as well as Rho-ROCK. These results widen and strengthen our general hypothesis that a very important physiological role of ECG is the control of the epithelial phenotype and the regulation of cell-cell contacts.
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36
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Chang YM, Shih YL, Chen CP, Liu KL, Lee MH, Lee MZ, Hou HT, Huang HC, Lu HF, Peng SF, Chen KW, Yeh MY, Chung JG. Ouabain induces apoptotic cell death in human prostate DU 145 cancer cells through DNA damage and TRAIL pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1329-1339. [PMID: 31436044 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ouabain, a cardiotonic steroid and specific Na+ /K+ -ATPase inhibitor, has a potential to induce cancer cell apoptosis but the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by ouabain are not fully understand. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of ouabain on human prostate cancer DU 145 cells in vitro. Cell morphological changes were examined by phase contrast microscopy. Cell viability, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis, DNA damage, the production of ROS and Ca2+ , and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) were measured by flow cytometry assay. Results indicated that ouabain induced cell morphological changes, decreased total cell viability, induced G0/G1 phase arrest, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis, increased ROS and Ca2+ production, but decreased the levels of ΔΨm in DU 145 cells. Ouabain also increased the activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Western blotting was used for measuring the alterations of apoptosis-associated protein expressions in DU 145 cells and results indicated that ouabain increased the expression of DNA damage associated proteins (pATMSer1981 , p-H2A.XSer139 , and p-p53Ser15 ) and ER-stress-associated proteins (Grp78, ATF6β, p-PERKThr981 , PERK, eIF2A, GADD153, CaMKIIβ, and caspase-4) in time-dependently. Furthermore, ouabain increased apoptosis-associated proteins (DR4, DR5, Fas, Fas Ligand, and FADD), TRAIL pathway, which related to extrinsic pathway, promoted the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, increased apoptotic-associated proteins, such as cytochrome c, AIF, Endo G, caspase-3, -8, and -9, but reduced anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bcl-x in DU 145 cells. In conclusion, we may suggest that ouabain decreased cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death may via caspase-dependent and mitochondria-dependent pathways in human prostate cancer DU 145 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Chang
- Department of Pathology, Tri-service General Hospital and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Lin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Lee
- Department of Genetic Counseling Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Zhe Lee
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tu Hou
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chou Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Yeh
- Department of Education and Research, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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37
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Biological Functions of Autophagy Genes: A Disease Perspective. Cell 2019; 176:11-42. [PMID: 30633901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1672] [Impact Index Per Article: 334.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy plays a fundamental role in cellular, tissue, and organismal homeostasis and is mediated by evolutionarily conserved autophagy-related (ATG) genes. Definitive etiological links exist between mutations in genes that control autophagy and human disease, especially neurodegenerative, inflammatory disorders and cancer. Autophagy selectively targets dysfunctional organelles, intracellular microbes, and pathogenic proteins, and deficiencies in these processes may lead to disease. Moreover, ATG genes have diverse physiologically important roles in other membrane-trafficking and signaling pathways. This Review discusses the biological functions of autophagy genes from the perspective of understanding-and potentially reversing-the pathophysiology of human disease and aging.
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38
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Intracerebroventricular injection of ouabain causes mania-like behavior in mice through D2 receptor activation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15627. [PMID: 31666560 PMCID: PMC6821712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na, K-ATPase, is an approach used to study the physiological functions of the Na, K-ATPase and cardiotonic steroids in the central nervous system, known to cause mania-like hyperactivity in rats. We describe a mouse model of ouabain-induced mania-like behavior. ICV administration of 0.5 µl of 50 µM (25 pmol, 14.6 ng) ouabain into each lateral brain ventricle results in increased locomotor activity, stereotypical behavior, and decreased anxiety level an hour at minimum. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry showed that administration of 50 µM ouabain causes a drastic drop in dopamine uptake rate, confirmed by elevated concentrations of dopamine metabolites detected in the striatum 1 h after administration. Ouabain administration also caused activation of Akt, deactivation of GSK3β and activation of ERK1/2 in the striatum of ouabain-treated mice. All of the abovementioned effects are attenuated by haloperidol (70 µg/kg intraperitoneally). Observed effects were not associated with neurotoxicity, since no dystrophic neuron changes in brain structures were demonstrated by histological analysis. This newly developed mouse model of ouabain-induced mania-like behavior could provide a perspective tool for studying the interactions between the Na,K-ATPase and the dopaminergic system.
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39
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Potent nonopioid antinociceptive activity of telocinobufagin in models of acute pain in mice. Pain Rep 2019; 4:e791. [PMID: 31984296 PMCID: PMC6903372 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In recent decades, several researches have been conducted in search of new analgesics that do not present the side effects of opioids. In this context, animal venoms contain natural painkillers that have been used for the development of new analgesics. Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of telocinobufagin (TCB), a bufadienolide isolated from Rhinella jimi venom, in murine acute pain models, and to verify the participation of the opioid system in these effects. Methods: TCB was purified from R. jimi venom by high-performance liquid chromatography, and its structure was confirmed by spectrometric techniques. TCB was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) (0.062, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg·kg−1) and orally (p.o.) (0.625, 1.125, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg·kg−1) in mice, which were then subjected to pain tests: acetic acid–induced writhing, formalin, tail-flick, and hot-plate. Involvement of the opioid system in TCB action was evaluated by naloxone i.p. injected (2.5 mg·kg−1) 20 minutes before TCB administration. In addition, the TCB action on the μ, δ, and κ opioid receptors was performed by radioligand binding assays. Results: In all the tests used, TCB showed dose-dependent antinociceptive activity with more than 90% inhibition of the nociceptive responses at the doses of 1 mg·kg−1 (i.p.) and 10 mg·kg−1 (p.o.). Naloxone did not alter the effect of TCB. In addition, TCB did not act on the μ, δ, and κ opioid receptors. Conclusion: The results suggest that TCB may represent a novel potential nonopioid therapeutic analgesic for treatment of acute pains.
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40
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Taverner AM, Yang L, Barile ZJ, Lin B, Peng J, Pinharanda AP, Rao AS, Roland BP, Talsma AD, Wei D, Petschenka G, Palladino MJ, Andolfatto P. Adaptive substitutions underlying cardiac glycoside insensitivity in insects exhibit epistasis in vivo. eLife 2019; 8:48224. [PMID: 31453806 PMCID: PMC6733596 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting how species will respond to selection pressures requires understanding the factors that constrain their evolution. We use genome engineering of Drosophila to investigate constraints on the repeated evolution of unrelated herbivorous insects to toxic cardiac glycosides, which primarily occurs via a small subset of possible functionally-relevant substitutions to Na+,K+-ATPase. Surprisingly, we find that frequently observed adaptive substitutions at two sites, 111 and 122, are lethal when homozygous and adult heterozygotes exhibit dominant neural dysfunction. We identify a phylogenetically correlated substitution, A119S, that partially ameliorates the deleterious effects of substitutions at 111 and 122. Despite contributing little to cardiac glycoside-insensitivity in vitro, A119S, like substitutions at 111 and 122, substantially increases adult survivorship upon cardiac glycoside exposure. Our results demonstrate the importance of epistasis in constraining adaptive paths. Moreover, by revealing distinct effects of substitutions in vitro and in vivo, our results underscore the importance of evaluating the fitness of adaptive substitutions and their interactions in whole organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Taverner
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Zachary J Barile
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Becky Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Julie Peng
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Ana P Pinharanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Arya S Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Bartholomew P Roland
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Aaron D Talsma
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Daniel Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Georg Petschenka
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Michael J Palladino
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Peter Andolfatto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
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41
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Yang L, Ravikanthachari N, Mariño-Pérez R, Deshmukh R, Wu M, Rosenstein A, Kunte K, Song H, Andolfatto P. Predictability in the evolution of Orthopteran cardenolide insensitivity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180246. [PMID: 31154978 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The repeated evolutionary specialization of distantly related insects to cardenolide-containing host plants provides a stunning example of parallel adaptation. Hundreds of herbivorous insect species have independently evolved insensitivity to cardenolides, which are potent inhibitors of the alpha-subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase (ATPα). Previous studies investigating ATPα-mediated cardenolide insensitivity in five insect orders have revealed remarkably high levels of parallelism in the evolution of this trait, including the frequent occurrence of parallel amino acid substitutions at two sites and recurrent episodes of duplication followed by neo-functionalization. Here we add data for a sixth insect order, Orthoptera, which includes an ancient group of highly aposematic cardenolide-sequestering grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae. We find that Orthopterans exhibit largely predictable patterns of evolution of insensitivity established by sampling other insect orders. Taken together the data lend further support to the proposal that negative pleiotropic constraints are a key determinant in the evolution of cardenolide insensitivity in insects. Furthermore, analysis of our expanded taxonomic survey implicates positive selection acting on site 111 of cardenolide-sequestering species with a single-copy of ATPα, and sites 115, 118 and 122 in lineages with neo-functionalized duplicate copies, all of which are sites of frequent parallel amino acid substitution. This article is part of the theme issue 'Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544 , USA
| | - Nitin Ravikanthachari
- 2 National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Bengaluru , India
| | - Ricardo Mariño-Pérez
- 3 Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843 , USA
| | - Riddhi Deshmukh
- 2 National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Bengaluru , India
| | - Mariana Wu
- 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544 , USA
| | - Adam Rosenstein
- 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544 , USA
| | - Krushnamegh Kunte
- 2 National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Bengaluru , India
| | - Hojun Song
- 3 Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843 , USA
| | - Peter Andolfatto
- 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University , New York, NY 10027 , USA
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Marinobufagenin Inhibits Neutrophil Migration and Proinflammatory Cytokines. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1094520. [PMID: 31236418 PMCID: PMC6545758 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1094520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids, such as ouabain and digoxin, are known to bind to Na+/K+-ATPase and to promote several biological activities, including anti-inflammatory activity. However, there are still no reports in the literature about inflammation and marinobufagenin, a cardiotonic steroid from the bufadienolide family endogenously found in mammals. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze, in vivo and in vitro, the role of marinobufagenin in acute inflammation. Swiss mice were treated with 0.56 mg/kg of marinobufagenin intraperitoneally (i.p.) and zymosan (2 mg/mL, i.p.) was used to induce peritoneal inflammation. Peritoneal fluid was collected and used for counting cells by optical microscopy and proinflammatory cytokine quantification (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Zymosan stimulation, as expected, induced increased cell migration and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the peritoneum. Marinobufagenin treatment reduced polymorphonuclear cell migration and IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the peritoneal cavity, without interfering in TNF-α levels. In addition, the effect of marinobufagenin was evaluated using peritoneal macrophages stimulated by zymosan (0.2 mg/mL) in vitro. Marinobufagenin treatment at different concentrations (10, 100, 1000, and 10000 nM) showed no cytotoxic effect on peritoneal macrophages. Interestingly, the lowest concentration, which did not inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase activity, attenuated proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. To investigate the putative mechanism of action of marinobufagenin, the expression of surface molecules (TLR2 and CD69) and P-p38 MAPK were also evaluated, but no significant effect was observed. Thus, our results suggest that marinobufagenin has an anti-inflammatory role in vivo and in vitro and reveals a novel possible endogenous function of this steroid in mammals.
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Lenaerts C, Wells M, Hambÿe S, Blankert B. Marinobufagenin extraction from Rhinella marina toad glands: Alternative approaches for a systematized strategy. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1384-1392. [PMID: 30667156 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Marinobufagenin is a bufadienolide compound detected mainly in skin and parotoid gland secretions of Rhinella marina (L.) toad. Bufadienolides regulate the Na+ /K+ -ATPase pump by inhibiting the cardiotonic steroid dependent-site and act as cardiac inotropes with vasoconstrictive properties. Marinobufagenin and other bufadienolides, such as telocinobufagin and bufalin, are thought to be found endogenously in mammals in salt-sensitive hypertensive states such as essential hypertension, congestive heart-failure, and preeclampsia. The role of marinobufagenin as antimicrobial agent and its cytotoxic potential have also been recognized. The particular interest around marinobufagenin prompts us to consider the Rhinella marina toad venom as a possible source for molecules with pharmacological and/or diagnostic potential. In this article, two different approaches of extraction and purification of marinobufagenin from Rhinella marina (L.) venom are studied: (i) Preparative thin-layer chromatography combined to mass spectrometry and/or ultraviolet detection and (ii) solid-phase extraction coupled with fractionation on high-performance liquid chromatography. Different chromatographic conditions are tested for each approach. The solid-phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation approach was preferred as it offered a greater yield, was less time-consuming and allowed us to selectively isolate marinobufagenin. Both protocols aim to provide efficient and convenient methods for toad venom extraction, based on an easily automatable and systematized strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Lenaerts
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Wells
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Hambÿe
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Blankert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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Fan JH, Hu YJ, Guo Q, Li S, Zhao J, Li CC. Asymmetric synthesis of the tetracyclic core of bufogargarizin C by an intramolecular [5 + 2] cycloaddition. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A concise asymmetric synthesis of the synthetically challenging 7/5/6/5-tetracyclic core of bufogargarizin C by a unique intramolecular [5 + 2] cycloaddition was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Fan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
| | - Ya-Jian Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
| | - Qiang Guo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Shaoping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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Abstract
The history of digitalis is rich and interesting, with the first use usually attributed to William Withering and his study on the foxglove published in 1785. However, some knowledge of plants with digitalis-like effects used for congestive heart failure (CHF) was in evidence as early as Roman times. The active components of the foxglove (Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lanata) are classified as cardiac glycosides or cardiotonic steroids and include the well-known digitalis leaf, digitoxin, and digoxin; ouabain is a rapid-acting glycoside usually obtained from Strophanthus gratus. These drugs are potent inhibitors of cellular membrane sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase). For most of the twentieth century, digitalis and its derivatives, especially digoxin, were the available standard of care for CHF. However, as the century closed, many doubts, especially regarding safety, were raised about their use as other treatments for CHF, such as decreasing the preload of the left ventricle, were developed. Careful attention is needed to maintain the serum digoxin level at ≤ 1.0 ng/ml because of the very narrow therapeutic window of the medication. Evidence for benefit exists for CHF with reduced ejection fraction (EF), also referred to as heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF), especially when considering the combination of mortality, morbidity, and decreased hospitalizations. However, the major support for using digoxin is in atrial fibrillation (AF) with a rapid ventricular response when a rate control approach is planned. The strongest support of all for digoxin is for its use in rate control in AF in the presence of a marginal blood pressure, since all other rate control medications contribute to additional hypotension. In summary, these days, digoxin appears to be of most use in HFrEF and in AF with rapid ventricular response for rate control, especially when associated with hypotension. The valuable history of the foxglove continues; it has been modified but not relegated to the garden or the medical history book, as some would advocate.
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Na +/K +-pump and neurotransmitter membrane receptors. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 19:1. [PMID: 30488358 PMCID: PMC6267510 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-018-0221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Na+/K+-pump is an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase located in the outer plasma membrane of cells. The Na+/K+-ATPase pumps 3 sodium ions out of cells while pumping 2 potassium ions into cells. Both cations move against their concentration gradients. This enzyme's electrogenic nature means that it has a chronic role in stabilizing the resting membrane potential of the cell, in regulating the cell volume and in the signal transduction of the cell. This review will mainly consider the role of the Na+/K+-pump in neurons, with an emphasis on its role in modulating neurotransmitter receptor. Most of the literature on the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors refers to the situation in the mammalian nervous system, but the position is likely to be similar in most, if not all, invertebrate nervous systems.
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Endogenous Ouabain and Related Genes in the Translation from Hypertension to Renal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071948. [PMID: 29970843 PMCID: PMC6073363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The endogenous ouabain (EO) is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal gland with cardio-tonic effects. In this article, we have reviewed and summarized the most recent reports about EO, particularly with regard to how it may interact with specific genetic backgrounds. We have focused our attention on the EO’s potential pathogenic role in several diseases, including renal failure, essential hypertension and heart failure. Notably, these reports have demonstrated that EO acts as a pro-hypertrophic and growth-promoting hormone, which might lead to a cardiac remodeling affecting cardiovascular functions and structures. In addition, a possible role of EO in the development of acute kidney injury has been hypothesized. During the last decays, many important improvements permitted a deeper understanding of EO’s metabolisms and functions, including the characteristics of its receptor and the effects of its activation. Such progresses indicated that EO has significant implications in the pathogenesis of many common diseases. The patho-physiological role of EO in the development of hypertension and other cardiac and renal complications have laid the basis for the development of a new selective compound that could selectively modulate the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in EO’s action. It is evident that the knowledge of EO has incredibly increased; however, many important areas remain to be further investigated.
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Lenaerts C, Bond L, Tuytten R, Blankert B. Revealing of endogenous Marinobufagin by an ultra-specific and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS assay in pregnant women. Talanta 2018; 187:193-199. [PMID: 29853035 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Marinobufagenin (MBG) is a bufadienolide cardiac inotrope implicated in volume expansion-mediated hypertensive states including essential hypertension and preeclampsia (PE). Endogenous MBG is an inhibitor of the α1-isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase with vasoconstrictive and cardiotonic properties, causing hypertension and natriuresis. Elevated endogenous MBG-like material levels have been described by immunoassays in salt-sensitive pregnant and preeclamptic rats as well as in preeclamptic human patients. The rise of endogenous MBG-like material appears prior the development of the main symptoms of PE, leading us to consider MBG as one of the potential biomarkers for PE. The weak specificity and the high variability of the published immunoassays gives no certification about endogenous MBG existence. This led us to set-up a highly specific and sensitive analytical method to detect MBG in plasma at low levels relying on liquid chromatography combined to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with recording of 7 highly specific MRM transitions for MBG. Pure MBG standard used in the method development was obtained by purification from the Bufo marinus toad venom. d3-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was used as internal standard. An increasing organic gradient with mobile phase A and B composed of 97:3 (v/v) H2O: MeOH and 50:45:5 (v/v/v) MeOH:IPA:H2O at pH 4.5 respectively was used on a Pursuit 3 PFP column (100 mm × 3 mm; 3 µm) to allow elution and separation of the plasmatic compounds. Chromatographic analyses of plasma samples were preceded by a precipitation of proteins pretreatment. The developed UHPLC-MS/MS assay has been applied to early-pregnant women plasma samples allowing us to investigate MBG plasma levels. Thanks to the high specificity of the assay we were able to authenticate and certify the presence of endogenous MBG in early-pregnant women plasma with the use of the 7 selected specific mass transitions. These pioneering preliminary results are giving a promising perspective for early preeclampsia risk assessment in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Lenaerts
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Liz Bond
- Metabolomic Diagnostics, Little Island, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robin Tuytten
- Metabolomic Diagnostics, Little Island, Cork, Ireland
| | - Bertrand Blankert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Lopachev AV, Abaimov DA, Fedorova TN, Lopacheva OM, Akkuratova NV, Akkuratov EE. Cardiotonic Steroids as Potential Endogenous Regulators in the Nervous System. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Lan YL, Wang X, Lou JC, Xing JS, Zou S, Yu ZL, Ma XC, Wang H, Zhang B. Marinobufagenin inhibits glioma growth through sodium pump α1 subunit and ERK signaling-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2034-2047. [PMID: 29582577 PMCID: PMC5943480 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is one of the most challenging central nervous system diseases to treat and has high rates of recurrence and mortality. Current therapies often fail to control tumor progression or improve patient survival. Marinobufagenin (MBG) is an endogenous mammalian cardiotonic steroid involved in sodium pump inhibition. Currently, various studies have indicated the potential of MBG in cancer treatments; however, the precise mechanisms are poorly understood. The functions of MBG were examined using colony formation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays in glioma cells. A mitochondrial membrane potential assay was performed to determine the mitochondrial transmembrane potential change, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria was assayed by fluorescence microscopy. An immunofluorescence assay was performed, and the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB in glioma cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Western blotting and RT‐qPCR were used to detect the protein and gene expression levels, respectively. In addition, transfection experiment of ATP1A1‐siRNA was further carried out to confirm the role of sodium pump α1 subunit in the anticancer effect of MBG in human glioma. The apoptosis‐promoting and anti‐inflammatory effects of MBG were further investigated, and the sodium pump α1 subunit and the ERK signaling pathway were found to be involved in the anticancer effect of MBG. The in vivo anticancer efficacy of MBG was also tested in xenografts in nude mice. Thus, therapies targeting the ERK signaling‐mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways regulated by MBG might represent potential treatments for human glioma, and this study could accelerate the finding of newer therapeutic approaches for malignant glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jin-Shan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hongjin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
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