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Srividya N, Kim H, Simone R, Lange BM. Chemical diversity in angiosperms - monoterpene synthases control complex reactions that provide the precursors for ecologically and commercially important monoterpenoids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:28-55. [PMID: 38565299 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpene synthases (MTSs) catalyze the first committed step in the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids, a class of specialized metabolites with particularly high chemical diversity in angiosperms. In addition to accomplishing a rate enhancement, these enzymes manage the formation and turnover of highly reactive carbocation intermediates formed from a prenyl diphosphate substrate. At each step along the reaction path, a cationic intermediate can be subject to cyclization, migration of a proton, hydride, or alkyl group, or quenching to terminate the sequence. However, enzymatic control of ligand folding, stabilization of specific intermediates, and defined quenching chemistry can maintain the specificity for forming a signature product. This review article will discuss our current understanding of how angiosperm MTSs control the reaction environment. Such knowledge allows inferences about the origin and regulation of chemical diversity, which is pertinent for appreciating the role of monoterpenoids in plant ecology but also for aiding commercial efforts that harness the accumulation of these specialized metabolites for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Srividya
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
| | - Hoshin Kim
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Raugei Simone
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Bernd Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
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2
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Hou J, Wu Y, Lei L, Wang Y, Ling Q, Zhang J, Zhao J, Jin Z, Zhang H. Identification and functional analysis of a deduced geraniol synthase from Camphora officinarum. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:867-876. [PMID: 38974359 PMCID: PMC11222368 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The market demand for essential oil containing citral is increasing. Our research group identified a rare chemotype of Camphora officinarum whose leaves are high in citral content by examining over 1000 wild trees across the entire native distribution area of C. officinarum in China. Because C. officinarum is suitable for large-scale cultivation, it is therefore seen as a promising source of natural citral. However, the molecular mechanism of citral biosynthesis in C. officinarum is poorly understood. In this study, transcriptomic analyses of C. officinarum with different citral contents revealed a strong positive correlation between the expression of a putative geraniol synthase gene (CoGES) and citral content. The CoGES cDNA was cloned, and the CoGES protein shared high similarity with other monoterpene synthases. Enzymatic assays of CoGES with geranyl diphosphate (GPP) as substrate yielded geraniol as the single product, which is the precursor of citral. Further transient expression of CoGES in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in a higher relative content of geranial and the appearance of a new substance, neral. These findings indicate that CoGES is a geraniol synthase-encoding gene, and the encoded protein can catalyze the transformation of GPP into geraniol, which is further converted into geranial and neral through an unknown mechanism in vivo. These findings expand our understanding of citral biosynthesis in Lauraceae plants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01463-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexi Hou
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingyan Ling
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhinong Jin
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
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Bureau JA, Oliva ME, Dong Y, Ignea C. Engineering yeast for the production of plant terpenoids using synthetic biology approaches. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1822-1848. [PMID: 37523210 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00005b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2011-2022The low amounts of terpenoids produced in plants and the difficulty in synthesizing these complex structures have stimulated the production of terpenoid compounds in microbial hosts by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches. Advances in engineering yeast for terpenoid production will be covered in this review focusing on four directions: (1) manipulation of host metabolism, (2) rewiring and reconstructing metabolic pathways, (3) engineering the catalytic activity, substrate selectivity and product specificity of biosynthetic enzymes, and (4) localizing terpenoid production via enzymatic fusions and scaffolds, or subcellular compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yueming Dong
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | - Codruta Ignea
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
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4
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Cucinotta L, De Grazia G, Donato P, Mondello M, Sciarrone D, Mondello L. Chiral isotopic fractionation in lemon essential oil: A tool for authenticity assessment? J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464409. [PMID: 37757528 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The present research aimed to retrieve key information about the genuineness of Sicilian lemon essential oils by evaluating simultaneously the chiral and isotopic data of target terpene components. With respect to previous literature references, where chiral recognition and isotope discrimination were performed by distinct gas chromatographic methods, this study aimed to develop a single analytical approach. To overcome limitations associated to monodimensional gas chromatographic approaches, an enantio‑selective multidimensional gas chromatographic approach coupled to isotopic ratio mass spectrometry and to parallel single quadrupole detection (Es-MDGC-C-IRMS/qMS) was developed. Thanks to the features of this system, enantiomeric excesses and target δ13C of the chiral and achiral components were evaluated in a single gas chromatographic run, allowing to reduce total time analysis, as well the consumption of electricity, solvents and samples. Moreover, due to the capability to baseline separate the enantiomeric couples, further considerations were done about the specific δ13C value of the target separated enantiomers. Dealing with the genuine lemon oils analysed, a different δ13C value was found between the enantiomers of the same chiral component, namely (-) and (+) of α and β-pinene, suggesting a different isotopic fractionation related to a specific biosynthetic pathway. This research aimed to evaluate the reasons behind this behaviour, paving the way to newer considerations in the field of authenticity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Gemma De Grazia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Monica Mondello
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
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Whitehead J, Leferink NGH, Johannissen LO, Hay S, Scrutton NS. Decoding Catalysis by Terpene Synthases. ACS Catal 2023; 13:12774-12802. [PMID: 37822860 PMCID: PMC10563020 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The review by Christianson, published in 2017 on the twentieth anniversary of the emergence of the field, summarizes the foundational discoveries and key advances in terpene synthase/cyclase (TS) biocatalysis (Christianson, D. W. Chem Rev2017, 117 (17), 11570-11648. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00287). Here, we review the TS literature published since then, bringing the field up to date and looking forward to what could be the near future of TS rational design. Many revealing discoveries have been made in recent years, building on the knowledge and fundamental principles uncovered during those initial two decades of study. We use these to explore TS reaction chemistry and see how a combined experimental and computational approach helps to decipher the complexities of TS catalysis. Revealed are a suite of catalytic motifs which control product outcome in TSs, some obvious, some more subtle. We examine each in detail, using the most recent papers and insights to illustrate how exactly this fascinating class of enzymes takes a single acyclic substrate and turns it into the many thousands of complex terpenoids found in Nature. We then explore some of the recent strategies for TS engineering, including machine learning and other data-driven approaches. From this, rational and predictive engineering of TSs, "designer terpene synthases", will begin to emerge as a realistic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
N. Whitehead
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole G. H. Leferink
- Future
Biomanufacturing Research Hub (FBRH), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
Department of Chemistry, The University
of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United
Kingdom
| | - Linus O. Johannissen
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Future
Biomanufacturing Research Hub (FBRH), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
Department of Chemistry, The University
of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United
Kingdom
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6
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Ferrer V, Costantino G, Paymal N, Quinton C, Perdomo EC, Paoli M, Mournet P, Ollitrault P, Tomi F, Luro F. Inheritance and Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Aromatic Compounds from Clementine ( Citrus × clementina Hort. ex Tan.) and Sweet Orange ( C. × sinensis (L.) Osb.) Fruit Essential Oils. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1800. [PMID: 37761942 PMCID: PMC10531275 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance in food processing, perfumery and cosmetics, the inheritance of sweet orange aromatic compounds, as well as their yield in the fruit peel, has been little analyzed. In the present study, the segregation of aromatic compounds was studied in an F1 population of 77 hybrids resulting from crosses between clementine and blood sweet orange. Fruit-peel essential oils (PEOs) extracted by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection. Genotyping by sequencing was performed on the parents and the hybrids. The resulting "clementine × sweet blood orange" genetic map consists of 710 SNP markers distributed in nine linkage groups (LGs), representing the nine citrus chromosomes, and spanning 1054 centimorgans. Twenty quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified, explaining between 20.5 and 55.0% of the variance of the major aromatic compounds and PEO yield. The QTLs for monoterpenes and aliphatic aldehydes predominantly colocalized on LGs 5 and 8, as did the two QTLs for PEO yield. The sesquiterpene QTLs were located on LGs 1, 3, 6 and 8. The detection of major QTLs associated with the synthesis of aliphatic aldehydes, known for their strong aromatic properties, open the way for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ferrer
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
- Rémy Cointreau—Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France; (N.P.); (C.Q.)
| | - Gilles Costantino
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
| | - Noémie Paymal
- Rémy Cointreau—Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France; (N.P.); (C.Q.)
| | - Carole Quinton
- Rémy Cointreau—Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France; (N.P.); (C.Q.)
| | - Estefania Carrillo Perdomo
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
| | - Mathieu Paoli
- UMR SPE 6134—Université de Corse—CNRS, 20000 Ajaccio, France; (M.P.); (F.T.)
| | - Pierre Mournet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Félix Tomi
- UMR SPE 6134—Université de Corse—CNRS, 20000 Ajaccio, France; (M.P.); (F.T.)
| | - François Luro
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
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Kong X, Wu Y, Yu W, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Lv X, Liu L. Efficient Synthesis of Limonene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Combinatorial Metabolic Engineering Strategies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7752-7764. [PMID: 37189018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Limonene is a volatile monoterpene compound that is widely used in food additives, pharmaceutical products, fragrances, and toiletries. We herein attempted to perform efficient biosynthesis of limonene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using systematic metabolic engineering strategies. First, we conducted de novo synthesis of limonene in S. cerevisiae and achieved a titer of 46.96 mg/L. Next, by dynamic inhibition of the competitive bypass of key metabolic branches regulated by ERG20 and optimization of the copy number of tLimS, a greater proportion of the metabolic flow was directed toward limonene synthesis, achieving a titer of 640.87 mg/L. Subsequently, we enhanced the acetyl-CoA and NADPH supply, which increased the limonene titer to 1097.43 mg/L. Then, we reconstructed the limonene synthesis pathway in the mitochondria. Dual regulation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolism further increased the limonene titer to 1586 mg/L. After optimization of the process of fed-batch fermentation, the limonene titer reached 2.63 g/L, the highest ever reported in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Kong
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaokang Wu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Liu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Su J, Wang Y, Bai M, Peng T, Li H, Xu HJ, Guo G, Bai H, Rong N, Sahu SK, He H, Liang X, Jin C, Liu W, Strube ML, Gram L, Li Y, Wang E, Liu H, Wu H. Soil conditions and the plant microbiome boost the accumulation of monoterpenes in the fruit of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi'. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:61. [PMID: 36973820 PMCID: PMC10044787 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medicinal material quality of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' differs depending on the bioactive components influenced by the planting area. Environmental factors, such as soil nutrients, the plant-associated microbiome and climatic conditions, play important roles in the accumulation of bioactive components in citrus. However, how these environmental factors mediate the production of bioactive components of medicinal plants remains understudied. RESULTS Here, a multi-omics approach was used to clarify the role of environmental factors such as soil nutrients and the root-associated microbiome on the accumulation of monoterpenes in the peel of C. reticulata 'Chachi' procured from core (geo-authentic product region) and non-core (non-geo-authentic product region) geographical regions. The soil environment (high salinity, Mg, Mn and K) enhanced the monoterpene content by promoting the expression of salt stress-responsive genes and terpene backbone synthase in the host plants from the core region. The microbial effects on the monoterpene accumulation of citrus from the core region were further verified by synthetic community (SynCom) experiments. Rhizosphere microorganisms activated terpene synthesis and promoted monoterpene accumulation through interactions with the host immune system. Endophyte microorganisms derived from soil with the potential for terpene synthesis might enhance monoterpene accumulation in citrus by providing precursors of monoterpenes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrated that both soil properties and the soil microbiome impacted monoterpene production in citrus peel, thus providing an essential basis for increasing fruit quality via reasonable fertilization and precision microbiota management. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mei Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tianhua Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huisi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui-Juan Xu
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guifang Guo
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haiyi Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ning Rong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hanjun He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Canzhi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mikael Lenz Strube
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yongtao Li
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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9
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Takekana M, Yoshida T, Yoshida E, Ono S, Horie S, Vavricka CJ, Hiratani M, Tsuge K, Ishii J, Hayakawa Y, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. Online SFE-SFC-MS/MS colony screening: A high-throughput approach for optimizing (-)-limonene production. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1215:123588. [PMID: 36587464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Conventional analysis of microbial bioproducers requires the extraction of metabolites from liquid cultures, where the culturing steps are time consuming and greatly limit throughput. To break through this barrier, the current study aims to directly evaluate microbial bioproduction colonies by way of supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (SFE-SFC-MS/MS). The online SFE-SFC-MS/MS system offers great potential for high-throughput analysis due to automated metabolite extraction without any need for pretreatment. This is the first report of SFE-SFC-MS/MS as a method for direct colony screening, as demonstrated in the high-throughput screening of (-)-limonene bioproducers. Compared with conventional analysis, the SFE-SFC-MS/MS system enables faster and more convenient screening of highly productive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musashi Takekana
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Erika Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals. Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sumika Ono
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Christopher J Vavricka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Hiratani
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals. Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuge
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Ishii
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
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10
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Oku H, Mutanda I, Inafuku M. Molecular characteristics of isoprene synthase and its control effects on isoprene emissions from tropical trees. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:63-82. [PMID: 36367585 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The isoprene emission rate from plants is simulated by a function of light intensity and leaf temperature, and the G-93 formula is the most extensively applied algorithm for this purpose. Isoprene is biosynthesized by the enzyme isoprene synthase (IspS), and instantly emitted from the leaf. Enzyme kinetics of IspS and substrate availability are important factors involved in the short-term leaf-level control of isoprene emissions. It is thus assumed that the parameters of G-93 may correlate with the kinetics of IspSs, however, at present there is no data available on the relationship between these two parameters. In this investigation, six IspS genes from tropical trees were cloned, their properties characterized, and the relationship between the enzyme kinetics of IspSs and the parameters of G-93 examined. There was a negative correlation between the enzyme kinetics of IspS Km and parameter CT1 of G93, which is used to define the temperature dependency of isoprene emissions. However, performance constant of IspS (kcat/Km) only showed slight positive correlation with CT1.suggesting that the enzyme kinetics of IspS has limited significance in controlling the temperature response of isoprene emissions. The molecular structure of IspS was further elucidated using a molecular dynamics simulation with a focus on the active site in the 6 α-helices bundle. The simulation of the enzyme-substrate complex of IspS from B. variegata predicted a new metal binding domain in helix F (E383) and catalytic motif FXRDRLXE in the A-C loop that could involve the deprotonation of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP) to form a carbocation. Notably, after the binding of a metal ion and DMADP, the active-site closure mechanism was found to involve conformational alterations in the helix H-α1 and transition from a loose to tight enclosure of the 6 α-helices bundles to tune the active pocket size. The characteristics identified for the IspSs from tropical trees could help to explain regional isoprene emissions in tropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirosuke Oku
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Ishmael Mutanda
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Masashi Inafuku
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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Manchanda P, Kaur H, Mankoo RK, Kaur A, Kaur J, Kaur S, Sidhu GS. Optimization of extraction of bioactive phenolics and their antioxidant potential from callus and leaf extracts of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, C. reticulata Blanco and C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Wang S, Zhan C, Chen R, Li W, Song H, Zhao G, Wen M, Liang D, Qiao J. Achievements and perspectives of synthetic biology in botanical insecticides. J Cell Physiol 2022. [PMID: 36183373 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Botanical insecticides are the origin of all insecticidal compounds. They have been widely used to control pests in crops for a long time. Currently, the commercial production of botanical insecticides extracted from plants is limited because of insufficient raw material supply. Synthetic biology is a promising and effective approach for addressing the current problems of the production of botanical insecticides. It is an emerging biological research hotspot in the field of botanical insecticides. However, the biosynthetic pathways of many botanical insecticides are not completely elucidated. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity of botanical pesticides and low efficiency of these biosynthetic enzymes in new hosts make it still challenging for their heterologous production. In the present review, we summarized the recent developments in the heterologous production of botanical insecticides, analyzed the current challenges, and discussed the feasible production strategies, focusing on elucidating biosynthetic pathways, enzyme engineering, host engineering, and cytotoxicity engineering. Looking to the future, synthetic biology promises to further advance heterologous production of more botanical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chuanling Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Hongjian Song
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhang Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
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13
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Identification of Novel Inhibitor of Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (InhA) Enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Plant-Derived Metabolites: An In Silico Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081038. [PMID: 36009907 PMCID: PMC9405319 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (InhA) is validated as a useful target for tuberculosis therapy and is considered an attractive enzyme to drug discovery. This study aimed to identify the novel inhibitor of the InhA enzyme, a potential target of M.tb. involved in the type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway that controls mycobacterial cell envelope synthesis. We compiled 80 active compounds from Ruta graveolens and citrus plants belonging to the Rutaceae family for pharmacokinetics and molecular docking analyses. The chemical structures of the 80 phytochemicals and the 3D structure of the target protein were retrieved from the PubChem database and RCSB Protein Data Bank, respectively. The evaluation of druglikeness was performed based on Lipinski’s Rule of Five, while the computed phytochemical properties and molecular descriptors were used to predict the ADMET of the compounds. Amongst these, 11 pharmacokinetically-screened compounds were further examined by performing molecular docking analysis with an InhA target using AutoDock 4.2. The docking results showed that gravacridonediol, a major glycosylated natural alkaloid from Ruta graveolens, might possess a promising inhibitory potential against InhA, with a binding energy (B.E.) of −10.80 kcal/mole and inhibition constant (Ki) of 600.24 nM. These contrast those of the known inhibitor triclosan, which has a B.E. of −6.69 kcal/mole and Ki of 12.43 µM. The binding efficiency of gravacridonediol was higher than that of the well-known inhibitor triclosan against the InhA target. The present study shows that the identified natural compound gravacridonediol possesses drug-like properties and also holds promise in inhibiting InhA, a key target enzyme of M.tb.
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Muñoz-Fernández G, Martínez-Buey R, Revuelta JL, Jiménez A. Metabolic engineering of Ashbya gossypii for limonene production from xylose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:79. [PMID: 35841062 PMCID: PMC9284773 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limonene is a cyclic monoterpene that has applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The industrial production of limonene and its derivatives through plant extraction presents important drawbacks such as seasonal and climate issues, feedstock limitations, low efficiency and environmental concerns. Consequently, the implementation of efficient and eco-friendly bioprocesses for the production of limonene and other terpenes constitutes an attractive goal for microbial biotechnology. In this context, novel biocatalysts with the ability to produce limonene from alternative carbon sources will help to meet the industrial demands of limonene. RESULTS Engineered strains of the industrial fungus Ashbya gossypii have been developed to produce limonene from xylose. The limonene synthase (LS) from Citrus limon was initially overexpressed together with the native HMG1 gene (coding for HMG-CoA reductase) to establish a limonene-producing platform from a xylose-utilizing A. gossypii strain. In addition, several strategies were designed to increase the production of limonene. Hence, the effect of mutant alleles of ERG20 (erg20F95W and erg20F126W) were evaluated together with a synthetic orthogonal pathway using a heterologous neryl diphosphate synthase. The lethality of the A. gossypii double mutant erg20F95W-F126W highlights the indispensability of farnesyl diphosphate for the synthesis of essential sterols. In addition, the utilization of the orthogonal pathway, bypassing the Erg20 activity through neryl diphosphate, triggered a substantial increase in limonene titer (33.6 mg/L), without critically altering the fitness of the engineered strain. Finally, the overexpression of the native ERG12 gene further enhanced limonene production, which reached 336.4 mg/L after 96 h in flask cultures using xylose as the carbon source. CONCLUSIONS The microbial production of limonene can be carried out using engineered strains of A. gossypii from xylose-based carbon sources. The utilization of a synthetic orthogonal pathway together with the overexpression of ERG12 is a highly beneficial strategy for the production of limonene in A. gossypii. The strains presented in this work constitute a proof of principle for the production of limonene and other terpenes from agro-industrial wastes such as xylose-rich hydrolysates in A. gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Muñoz-Fernández
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rubén Martínez-Buey
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Revuelta
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Jiménez
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Ali M, Nishawy E, Ramadan WA, Ewas M, Rizk MS, Sief-Eldein AGM, El-Zayat MAS, Hassan AHM, Guo M, Hu GW, Wang S, Ahmed FA, Amar MH, Wang QF. Molecular characterization of a Novel NAD+-dependent farnesol dehydrogenase SoFLDH gene involved in sesquiterpenoid synthases from Salvia officinalis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269045. [PMID: 35657794 PMCID: PMC9165828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants in terms of nutritional and medicinal value because it contains a variety of vital active ingredients. Terpenoid compounds, particularly monoterpenes (C10) and sesquiterpenes, are the most important and abundant among these active substances (C15). Terpenes play a variety of roles and have beneficial biological properties in plants. With these considerations, the current study sought to clone theNAD+-dependent farnesol dehydrogenase (SoFLDH, EC: 1.1.1.354) gene from S. officinalis. Functional analysis revealed that, SoFLDH has an open reading frame of 2,580 base pairs that encodes 860 amino acids.SoFLDH has two conserved domains and four types of highly conserved motifs: YxxxK, RXR, RR (X8) W, TGxxGhaG. However, SoFLDH was cloned from Salvia officinalis leaves and functionally overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate its role in sesquiterpenoid synthases. In comparison to the transgenic plants, the wild-type plants showed a slight delay in growth and flowering formation. To this end, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that SoFLDH transgenic plants were responsible for numerous forms of terpene synthesis, particularly sesquiterpene. These results provide a base for further investigation on SoFLDH gene role and elucidating the regulatory mechanisms for sesquiterpene synthesis in S. offcinalis. And our study paves the way for the future metabolic engineering of the biosynthesis of useful terpene compounds in S. offcinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A. Ramadan
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Biotechnology Research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ewas
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Said Rizk
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Fatma A. Ahmed
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamdy Amar
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
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16
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Kim H, Srividya N, Lange I, Huchala EW, Ginovska B, Lange BM, Raugei S. Determinants of Selectivity for the Formation of Monocyclic and Bicyclic Products in Monoterpene Synthases. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoshin Kim
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Narayanan Srividya
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7411, United States
| | - Iris Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7411, United States
| | - Eden W. Huchala
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bojana Ginovska
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - B. Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7411, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7411, United States
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17
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Stimulation of Secondary Metabolites and γ-Terpinene Synthase by Silver Nanoparticles in Callus Cultures of Carum carvi. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3228-3241. [PMID: 35349082 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnology and nanotechnology are important tools for understanding biochemical pathways. They can be used efficiently for stimulating and increasing the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The present study aimed to identify the γ-terpinene synthase gene (CcTPS2) as an effective contributor to the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpenes. The effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs; 50 and 100 mg l- 1) and time (24 and 48 h) were examined on secondary metabolites in cell suspension cultures of Carum carvi. This involved the identification, isolation, and sequencing of a partial sequence in the CcTPS2 gene of C. carvi. The genomic sequence of CcTPS2 comprised 292 bp which were organized into two exons (110 and 82 bp) and one intron (100 bp), while the cDNA was 192 bp. In the scale of nucleotides, the CcTPS2 gene showed 96% similarity with the TPS2 gene of Oliveria decumbens. We generated sequence data of the CcTPS2 gene for the first time in this species, thereby enabling further developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for terpene biosynthesis and other chemical derivatives in C. carvi. The results of GC/MS and GC/FID showed that AgNPs strongly affected the secondary metabolites in cell suspension cultures of C. carvi. According to the results, the AgNPs (50 mg l- 1) increased p-cymene and carvone contents in comparison with the control. The exposure of plants to 100 mg l- 1 AgNPs induced the production of thymol and carvacrol. The results of real-time PCR revealed that the exposure of plants to 100 mg l- 1 AgNPs caused a significant upregulation of CcTPS2 expression for 24 h. These cell suspension cultures were elicited by AgNPs, the application of which proved as an effective method to improve the production of secondary metabolites in vitro.
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18
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Non-enzymatic formation of isoprene and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (2-MBO) by manganese. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2465. [PMID: 35165356 PMCID: PMC8844067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that isoprene synthesis by isoprene synthase (IspS) proceeds via a substrate-assisted mechanism. The authors observed a non-enzymatic isoprene formation by Mn2+, which represents the basis of IspS enzyme reaction. Because IspS and many other terpene synthases require Mn2+ metal ions as cofactor, this study characterized the formation reaction for the first time. Metal ions including Mn2+ non-enzymatically produced both isoprene and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (2-MBO) from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMADP). Isoprene formation was most enhanced by Fe2+ and, to a lesser extent, by Mn2+ or Cu2+. Ni2+, Co2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+ exhibited a low activity to generate both isoprene and 2-MBO. The proportion of isoprene and 2-MBO varied with the Mn2+ concentration: isoprene predominated over 2-MBO at a higher Mn2+ concentration. Similarly, isoprene formation by Mn2+ increased exponentially as temperature increased with predominance of isoprene over 2-MBO at higher temperature. Both isoprene and 2-MBO formation was enhanced by acidic and neutral pH compared to alkaline conditions. Molecular dynamic simulation of DMADP suggested that the formation reaction is initiated by deprotonation of hydrogen on allyl terminal carbon by phosphate oxygen and generates carbocation and allyl anion intermediates. This is followed by quenching to produce isoprene or by hydroxyl addition to form 2-MBO. Thus, this study provided an insight into reaction mechanism of isoprene and 2-MBO biosynthesis and highlighted some parts of isoprene emission from terrestrial plants, which could be formed by non-enzymatic mechanism.
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Quality Evaluation of Lemon Cordial Stored at Different Times with Microwave Heating (Pasteurization). SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14041953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Consumer interest in food quality and safety has shifted over time, as consumers increasingly prefer minimally processed items. As a result, numerous non-thermal approaches have been implemented due to their potential to preserve the nutritional profile of products along with lengthening their storability. Microwaving, a green processing technique, volumetrically heats the product because of the interactions developed between charged ions, polar water molecules of foodstuff and the incoming electromagnetic waves. The study was mapped out to investigate the effect of microwave exposure time (60, 90 and 120 s) at fixed power (1000 W) and frequency (2450 MHz) on physicochemical properties, phytochemical constituents, antioxidant potential and microbial counts of lemon cordial stored at refrigerated temperature (4 ± 2 °C). The mentioned parameters were analyzed after an interval of 30–90 days. Statistical findings illustrated a highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) impact of microwave treatment and storage on titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, total phenolic contents, total flavonoids contents, antioxidant potential and total plate count. Sample microwaved for 120 s showed the highest pH values (2.45 ± 0.050), total soluble solids (56.68 ± 2.612 °B) and antioxidant activity (1212.03 ± 716.5 µg—equivalent of ascorbic acid per 100 mL of cordial); meanwhile, it exhibited the lowest total plate counts (1.75 ± 0.144 Log 10 CFU/mL). Therefore, microwaving can be suggested as a suitable alternate to traditional pasteurization techniques as well as to chemical preservatives.
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20
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Park S, Mani V, Kim JA, Lee SI, Lee K. Combinatorial transient gene expression strategies to enhance terpenoid production in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1034893. [PMID: 36582649 PMCID: PMC9793405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The monoterpenoid linalool and sesquiterpenoid costunolide are ubiquitous plant components that have been economically exploited for their respective essential oils and pharmaceutical benefits. In general, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are produced by the plastid 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathways, respectively. Herein, we investigated the individual and combinatorial potential of MEP and MVA pathway genes in increasing linalool and costunolide production in Nicotiana benthamiana. METHODS First, six genes from the MEP (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase, geranyl pyrophosphate synthase, and linalool synthase) and MVA (acetoacetyl-CoA-thiolase, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, germacrene A synthase, germacrene A oxidase, and costunolide synthase) pathways were separately cloned into the modular cloning (MoClo) golden gateway cassette. Second, the cassettes were transformed individually or in combination into the leaves of N. benthamiana by agroinfiltration. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Five days post infiltration (DPI), all selected genes were transiently 5- to 94-fold overexpressed. Quantification using gas chromatography-Q-orbitrap-mass spectrometry (GC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) determined that the individual and combinatorial expression of MEP genes increased linalool production up to 50-90ng.mg-1 fresh leaf weight. Likewise, MVA genes increased costunolide production up to 70-90ng.mg-1 fresh leaf weight. Our findings highlight that the transient expression of MEP and MVA pathway genes (individually or in combination) enhances linalool and costunolide production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kijong Lee
- *Correspondence: Kijong Lee, ; Vimalraj Mani,
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21
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Liu L, Yin M, Lin G, Wang Q, Zhou P, Dai S, Sang M, Liu C, Wu Q. Integrating RNA-seq with functional expression to analyze the regulation and characterization of genes involved in monoterpenoid biosynthesis in Nepeta tenuifolia Briq. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:31-41. [PMID: 34329843 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Nepeta tenuifolia Briq. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant historically used in the East Asia region to treat cold and fever, and it is currently used as a clinically effective treatment for respiratory diseases. We previously found that monoterpenoids are the dominant volatile secondary metabolites in N. tenuifolia and their biosynthesis occurs in peltate glandular trichomes. To gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying monoterpenoid biosynthesis in N. tenuifolia, we conducted transcriptome sequencing and examined the expression differences in monoterpene molecular pathway-related genes in different tissues and growth stages by qRT-RCR. In total, six p-menthane monoterpene biosynthetic genes in the (+)-menthone pathway were identified and cloned successfully based on transcriptome data. Moreover, the major constituents, including (+)-limonene, (-)-pulegone and (+)-menthone showed greater accumulation in the spikes than in other organs, such as the expression levels of related key enzyme genes. Additionally, the relative expression of pulegone reductase was the highest at 84 days, showing an inverse trend from (-)-pulegone relative content and leading to (+)-menthone accumulation in peltate glandular trichomes. Finished cloning of the gene for limonene 3-hydroxylase in N. tenuifolia (NtL3OH), heterologous expression in yeast, and in vitro assays were performed for functional characterization. Our study provides an important resource for further research of secondary metabolism of monoterpenes in peltate glandular trichomes of N. tenuifolia and other homologous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengjiao Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guyin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peina Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shilin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengru Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chanchan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qinan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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22
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Collins JH, Keating KW, Jones TR, Balaji S, Marsan CB, Çomo M, Newlon ZJ, Mitchell T, Bartley B, Adler A, Roehner N, Young EM. Engineered yeast genomes accurately assembled from pure and mixed samples. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1485. [PMID: 33674578 PMCID: PMC7935868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast whole genome sequencing (WGS) lacks end-to-end workflows that identify genetic engineering. Here we present Prymetime, a tool that assembles yeast plasmids and chromosomes and annotates genetic engineering sequences. It is a hybrid workflow-it uses short and long reads as inputs to perform separate linear and circular assembly steps. This structure is necessary to accurately resolve genetic engineering sequences in plasmids and the genome. We show this by assembling diverse engineered yeasts, in some cases revealing unintended deletions and integrations. Furthermore, the resulting whole genomes are high quality, although the underlying assembly software does not consistently resolve highly repetitive genome features. Finally, we assemble plasmids and genome integrations from metagenomic sequencing, even with 1 engineered cell in 1000. This work is a blueprint for building WGS workflows and establishes WGS-based identification of yeast genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Collins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kevin W Keating
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Trent R Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shravani Balaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Celeste B Marsan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marina Çomo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zachary J Newlon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tom Mitchell
- Synthetic Biology, Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bryan Bartley
- Synthetic Biology, Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Adler
- Synthetic Biology, Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas Roehner
- Synthetic Biology, Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
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23
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Sun C, Dong X, Zhang R, Xie C. Effectiveness of recombinant Escherichia coli on the production of (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:3. [PMID: 33419424 PMCID: PMC7791655 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol is a naturally oxygenated monoterpene widely used as the natural flavor additives, insecticides, jet fuels and anti-cancer therapies. It was also readily available monoterpene precursors. However, this natural product is present at low concentrations from plant sources which are not economically viable. Therefore, alternative microbial production methods are rapidly emerging as an attractive alternative to make (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol production more sustainable and environmentally friendly. Results We engineered Escherichia coli to possess a heterologous mevalonate (MVA) pathway, including limonene synthase, P-cymene monoxygenase hydroxylase and P-cymene monoxygenase reductase for the production of (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol. The concentration of (R)-(+)-limonene (the monoterpene precursor to (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol) reached 45 mg/L from glucose. Enhanced (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol production was therefore achieved. The strain produced (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol at a titer of 87 mg/L and a yield of 1.5 mg/g glucose in a 5 L bioreactor fed batch system. Conclusions These datas highlight the efficient production of (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol through the mevalonate pathway from glucose. This method serves as a platform for the future production of other monoterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- A State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Rd., Qingdao, 266042, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Rd., Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xianjuan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Rd., Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Rubing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Rd., Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Congxia Xie
- A State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Rd., Qingdao, 266042, China.
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24
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Pirintsos SA, Bariotakis M, Kampa M, Sourvinos G, Lionis C, Castanas E. The Therapeutic Potential of the Essential Oil of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav., Origanum dictamnus L. and Salvia fruticosa Mill. And a Case of Plant-Based Pharmaceutical Development. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:522213. [PMID: 33390932 PMCID: PMC7774523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.522213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review performs a comprehensive assessment of the therapeutic potential of three native herbs of Crete (Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav., Salvia fruticosa Mill. and Origanum dictamnus L.), their phytochemical constituents, health benefits and issues relevant to their safety, within a translational context. Issues discussed comprise: 1) Ethnopharmacological uses of the three herbs, reviewed through an extensive search of the literature; 2) Systematic analysis of the major phytochemical constituents of each plant, and their medicinal properties; 3) To what extent could the existing medicinal properties be combined and produce an additive or synergistic effect; 4) Possible safety issues. We conclude with a specific example of the use of a combination of the essential oils of these plants as an effective anti-viral product and the experience gained in a case of a plant-based pharmaceutical development, by presenting the major steps and the continuum of the translational chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Pirintsos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Botanical Garden, University of Crete, Rethymnon, Greece
| | - M Bariotakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Botanical Garden, University of Crete, Rethymnon, Greece
| | - M Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - G Sourvinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - C Lionis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - E Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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25
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Microbial production of limonene and its derivatives: Achievements and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Jongedijk E, Müller S, van Dijk ADJ, Schijlen E, Champagne A, Boutry M, Levisson M, van der Krol S, Bouwmeester H, Beekwilder J. Novel routes towards bioplastics from plants: elucidation of the methylperillate biosynthesis pathway from Salvia dorisiana trichomes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3052-3065. [PMID: 32090266 PMCID: PMC7260718 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a large variety of highly functionalized terpenoids. Functional groups such as partially unsaturated rings and carboxyl groups provide handles to use these compounds as feedstock for biobased commodity chemicals. For instance, methylperillate, a monoterpenoid found in Salvia dorisiana, may be used for this purpose, as it carries both an unsaturated ring and a methylated carboxyl group. The biosynthetic pathway of methylperillate in plants is still unclear. In this work, we identified glandular trichomes from S. dorisiana as the location of biosynthesis and storage of methylperillate. mRNA from purified trichomes was used to identify four genes that can encode the pathway from geranyl diphosphate towards methylperillate. This pathway includes a (-)-limonene synthase (SdLS), a limonene 7-hydroxylase (SdL7H, CYP71A76), and a perillyl alcohol dehydrogenase (SdPOHDH). We also identified a terpene acid methyltransferase, perillic acid O-methyltransferase (SdPAOMT), with homology to salicylic acid OMTs. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana of these four genes, in combination with a geranyl diphosphate synthase to boost precursor formation, resulted in production of methylperillate. This demonstrates the potential of these enzymes for metabolic engineering of a feedstock for biobased commodity chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmer Jongedijk
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt D J van Dijk
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Biometris, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elio Schijlen
- Wageningen Plant Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Champagne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Arrhenius laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc Boutry
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mark Levisson
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander van der Krol
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UVA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Srividya N, Lange I, Lange BM. Determinants of Enantiospecificity in Limonene Synthases. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1661-1664. [PMID: 32293167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpene synthases catalyze the first committed step in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes and are in part responsible for the enormous structural diversity among this class of metabolites. Here, we explore the structure-function relationships underlying the formation of limonene enantiomers in limonene synthases that bind geranyl diphosphate as a common substrate. On the basis of analyses that consider both crystal structure data and amino acid sequence divergence, we identified candidate active site residues with potential roles in catalyzing reactions that involve accommodating reaction intermediates of opposite enantiomeric series. We demonstrate that spearmint (-)-limonene synthase [which generates >99% (-)-limonene over (+)-limonene] can be converted into a mutant enzyme, by exchanging four residues (C321S, N345I, I453V, and M458V), which produces (+)-limonene with reversed enantiospecificity [80% (+)-limonene and 3% (-)-limonene; the remainder are mostly bicyclic monoterpenes]. This study provides the foundation for a more in-depth understanding of the formation of enantiomeric series of monoterpenes, which can have vastly different olfactory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Srividya
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, United States
| | - Iris Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, United States
| | - B Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, United States
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28
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Liu M, Liu X, Hu J, Xue Y, Zhao X. Genetic diversity of limonene synthase genes in Rongan kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:425-439. [PMID: 32248892 DOI: 10.1071/fp19051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
D-limonene is the main component of citrus essential oils. In the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway, geranyl diphosphate reacts with monoterpenes to form the prenyl-carbocation intermediate to produce d-limonene. In this study, d-limonene synthase (FcLS) genes were first isolated from Rongan kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle). Sequencing analysis revealed that the open reading frames of 18 FcLS genes contain 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms, which resulted in the variation of FcLS proteins, indicating that the limonene synthase genes are a large family in F. crassifolia. This phenomenon has not been reported in Citrus. The predicted FcLS proteins showed a high amino acid sequence identity with other Citrus limonene synthases and also had the typical structures of limonene synthase protein. FcLS1 was validated to be a functional d-limonene synthase by prokaryotic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Junhua Hu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Yang Xue
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and Corresponding author.
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29
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Pang Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhao Y, Li J, Hu Z, Zhang C, Xiao D, Yu A. Engineering the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce limonene from waste cooking oil. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:241. [PMID: 31624503 PMCID: PMC6781337 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limonene is an important biologically active natural product widely used in the food, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. However, the low abundance of limonene in plants renders their isolation from plant sources non-economically viable. Therefore, engineering microbes into microbial factories for producing limonene is fast becoming an attractive alternative approach that can overcome the aforementioned bottleneck to meet the needs of industries and make limonene production more sustainable and environmentally friendly. RESULTS In this proof-of-principle study, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was successfully engineered to produce both d-limonene and l-limonene by introducing the heterologous d-limonene synthase from Citrus limon and l-limonene synthase from Mentha spicata, respectively. However, only 0.124 mg/L d-limonene and 0.126 mg/L l-limonene were produced. To improve the limonene production by the engineered yeast Y. lipolytica strain, ten genes involved in the mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid pathway were overexpressed individually to investigate their effects on limonene titer. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) was found to be the key rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway for the improving limonene synthesis in Y. lipolytica. Through the overexpression of HMGR gene, the titers of d-limonene and l-limonene were increased to 0.256 mg/L and 0.316 mg/L, respectively. Subsequently, the fermentation conditions were optimized to maximize limonene production by the engineered Y. lipolytica strains from glucose, and the final titers of d-limonene and l-limonene were improved to 2.369 mg/L and 2.471 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, fed-batch fermentation of the engineered strains Po1g KdHR and Po1g KlHR was used to enhance limonene production in shake flasks and the titers achieved for d-limonene and l-limonene were 11.705 mg/L (0.443 mg/g) and 11.088 mg/L (0.385 mg/g), respectively. Finally, the potential of using waste cooking oil as a carbon source for limonene biosynthesis from the engineered Y. lipolytica strains was investigated. We showed that d-limonene and l-limonene were successfully produced at the respective titers of 2.514 mg/L and 2.723 mg/L under the optimal cultivation condition, where 70% of waste cooking oil was added as the carbon source, representing a 20-fold increase in limonene titer compared to that before strain and fermentation optimization. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first report on the development of a new and efficient process to convert waste cooking oil into d-limonene and l-limonene by exploiting metabolically engineered Y. lipolytica strains for fermentation. The results obtained in this study lay the foundation for more future applications of Y. lipolytica in converting waste cooking oil into various industrially valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yakun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiqun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
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Orthogonal monoterpenoid biosynthesis in yeast constructed on an isomeric substrate. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3799. [PMID: 31444322 PMCID: PMC6707142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology efforts for the production of valuable chemicals are frequently hindered by the structure and regulation of the native metabolic pathways of the chassis. This is particularly evident in the case of monoterpenoid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where the canonical terpene precursor geranyl diphosphate is tightly coupled to the biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds essential for yeast viability. Here, we establish a synthetic orthogonal monoterpenoid pathway based on an alternative precursor, neryl diphosphate. We identify structural determinants of isomeric substrate selectivity in monoterpene synthases and engineer five different enzymes to accept the alternative substrate with improved efficiency and specificity. We combine the engineered enzymes with dynamic regulation of metabolic flux to harness the potential of the orthogonal substrate and improve the production of industrially-relevant monoterpenes by several-fold compared to the canonical pathway. This approach highlights the introduction of synthetic metabolism as an effective strategy for high-value compound production.
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Xu Y, Zhu C, Xu C, Sun J, Grierson D, Zhang B, Chen K. Integration of Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Related to Volatile Terpenoid Metabolism in Finger Citron ( C. medica var. sarcodactylis). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142564. [PMID: 31311090 PMCID: PMC6680504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Finger citron (Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis) is a popular ornamental tree and an important source of essential oils rich in terpenoids, but the mechanisms behind volatile formation are poorly understood. We investigated gene expression changes combined with volatile profiling of ten samples from three developing organs: flower, leaf, and fruit. A total of 62 volatiles were identified with limonene and γ-terpinene being the most abundant ones. Six volatiles were identified using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) that could be used as markers for distinguishing finger citron from other citrus species. RNA-Seq revealed 1,611,966,118 high quality clean reads that were assembled into 32,579 unigenes. From these a total of 58 terpene synthase (TPS) gene family members were identified and the spatial and temporal distribution of their transcripts was measured in developing organs. Transcript levels of transcription factor genes AP2/ERF (251), bHLH (169), bZIP (76), MYB (155), NAC (184), and WRKY (66) during finger citron development were also analyzed. From extracted subnetworks of three modules constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), thirteen TPS genes and fifteen transcription factors were suggested to be related to volatile terpenoid formation. These results provide a framework for future investigations into the identification and regulatory network of terpenoids in finger citron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaying Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changjie Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Bo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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32
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Guo Y, Zhu C, Zhao S, Zhang S, Wang W, Fu H, Li X, Zhou C, Chen L, Lin Y, Lai Z. De novo transcriptome and phytochemical analyses reveal differentially expressed genes and characteristic secondary metabolites in the original oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivar 'Tieguanyin' compared with cultivar 'Benshan'. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:265. [PMID: 30943892 PMCID: PMC6446291 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The two original plants of the oolong tea cultivar (‘Tieguanyin’) are “Wei shuo” ‘Tieguanyin’—TGY (Wei) and “Wang shuo” ‘Tieguanyin’—TGY (Wang). Another cultivar, ‘Benshan’ (BS), is similar to TGY in its aroma, taste, and genetic make-up, but it lacks the “Yin Rhyme” flavor. We aimed to identify differences in biochemical characteristics and gene expression among these tea plants. Results The results of spectrophotometric, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed that TGY (Wei) and TGY (Wang) had deeper purple-colored leaves and higher contents of anthocyanin, catechins, caffeine, and limonene compared with BS. Analyses of transcriptome data revealed 12,420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the cultivars. According to a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the flavonoid, caffeine, and limonene metabolic pathways were highly enriched. The transcript levels of the genes involved in these three metabolic pathways were not significantly different between TGY (Wei) and TGY (Wang), except for two unigenes encoding IMPDH and SAMS, which are involved in caffeine metabolism. The comparison of TGY vs. BS revealed eight up-regulated genes (PAL, C4H, CHS, F3’H, F3H, DFR, ANS, and ANR) and two down-regulated genes (FLS and CCR) in flavonoid metabolism, four up-regulated genes (AMPD, IMPDH, SAMS, and 5′-Nase) and one down-regulated XDH gene in caffeine metabolism; and two down-regulated genes (ALDH and HIBADH) in limonene degradation. In addition, the expression levels of the transcription factor (TF) PAP1 were significantly higher in TGY than in BS. Therefore, high accumulation of flavonoids, caffeine, and limonene metabolites and the expression patterns of their related genes in TGY might be beneficial for the formation of the “Yin Rhyme” flavor. Conclusions Transcriptomic, HPLC, and GC-MS analyses of TGY (Wei), TGY (Wang), and BS indicated that the expression levels of genes related to secondary metabolism and high contents of catechins, anthocyanin, caffeine, and limonene may contribute to the formation of the “Yin Rhyme” flavor in TGY. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between the accumulation of secondary metabolites and sensory quality, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of the unique flavor “Yin Rhyme” in TGY. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5643-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Anxi Tea Research Institute, Anxi, 362400, China
| | - Haifeng Fu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chengzhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Günnewich N, Page JE, Köllner TG, Degenhardt J, Kutchan TM. Functional Expression and Characterization of Trichome-Specific (-)-Limonene Synthase and (+)-α-Pinene Synthase from Cannabis sativa. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two recombinant, stereospecific monoterpene synthases, a (-)-limonene synthase (CsTPS1) and a (+)-α-pinene synthase (CsTPS2), encoded by Cannabis sativa L. cv. ‘Skunk’ trichome mRNA, have been isolated and characterized. Recombinant CsTPS1 showed a Km value of 6.8 μM, a Vmax of 1.1 × 10−4 μmol/min and Vmax/Km of 0.016; the pH optimum was determined at pH 6.5, and a temperature optimum at 40°C. Recombinant CsTPS2 showed a Km value of 10.5 μM, a Vmax of 2.2 × 10−4 μmol/min and Vmax/Km of 0.021; the pH optimum was determined at pH 7.0, and a temperature optimum at 30°C. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both CsTPSs group within the angiosperms and belong to the Tpsb subgroup of monoterpene synthases. The enzymatic products (-)-limonene and (+)-α-pinene were detected as natural products in C. sativa trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Günnewich
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonathan E. Page
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tobias G. Köllner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Degenhardt
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Toni M. Kutchan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Abbas F, Ke Y, Yu R, Fan Y. Functional characterization and expression analysis of two terpene synthases involved in floral scent formation in Lilium 'Siberia'. PLANTA 2019; 249:71-93. [PMID: 30218384 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Floral scent formation in Lilium 'Siberia' is mainly due to monoterpene presence in the floral profile. LoTPS1 and LoTPS3 are responsible for the formation of (±)-linalool and β-ocimene in Lilium 'Siberia'. Lilium 'Siberia' is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to Liliaceae family, cultivated both as a cut flower and garden plant. The snowy white flower emits a pleasant aroma which is mainly caused by monoterpenes present in the floral volatile profile. Previously terpene synthase (TPS) genes have been isolated and characterized from various plant species but less have been identified from Liliaceae family. Here, two terpene synthase genes (LoTPS1 and LoTPS3), which are highly expressed in sepals and petals of Lilium 'Siberia' flower were functionally characterized recombinant LoTPS1 specifically catalyzes the formation of (Z)-β-ocimene and (±)-linalool as its main volatile compounds from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), whereas LoTPS3 is a promiscuous monoterpene synthase which utilizes both GPP and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) as a substrate to generate (±)-linalool and cis-nerolidol, respectively. Transcript levels of both genes were prominent in flowering parts, especially in sepals and petals which are the main source of floral scent production. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the compounds were emitted throughout the day, prominently during the daytime and lower levels at night following a strong circadian rhythm in their emission pattern. Regarding mechanical wounding, both genes showed considerable involvement in floral defense by inducing the emission of (Z)-β-ocimene and (±)-linalool, elevating the transcript accumulation of LoTPS1 and LoTPS3. Furthermore, the subcellular localization experiment revealed that LoTPS1 was localized in plastids, whilst LoTPS3 in mitochondria. Our findings on these two TPSs characterized from Lilium 'Siberia' provide new insights into molecular mechanisms of terpene biosynthesis in this species and also provide an opportunity for biotechnological modification of floral scent profile of Lilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Yanguo Ke
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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35
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Lin PC, Pakrasi HB. Engineering cyanobacteria for production of terpenoids. PLANTA 2019; 249:145-154. [PMID: 30465115 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in cyanobacterial terpenoid production. The challenges and opportunities of improving terpenoid production by cyanobacteria are discussed. Terpenoids are a diverse group of natural products with a variety of commercial applications. With recent advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, microbial terpenoid synthesis is being viewed as a feasible approach for industrial production. Among different microbial hosts, cyanobacteria have the potential of sustainable production of terpenoids using light and CO2. Terpene synthases and the precursor pathways have been expressed in cyanobacteria for enhanced production of various terpene hydrocarbons, including isoprene, limonene, β-phellandrene, and farnesene. However, the productivities need to be further improved for commercial production. Many barriers remain to be overcome in order to efficiently convert CO2 to terpenoids. In this review, we will summarize recent efforts on photosynthetic production of terpenoids and discuss the challenges and opportunities of engineering cyanobacteria for terpenoid bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Cheng Lin
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Himadri B Pakrasi
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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36
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Phytochemical Benefits of Agroresidues as Alternative Nutritive Dietary Resource for Pig and Poultry Farming. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/1035071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing world population is challenging the animal products supply system, particularly in developing countries, where demand for meat and milk in 2050 is estimated to increase to 109% and 116%, respectively, amidst deteriorating livestock feed sources. Globally, adequate production and availability of animal feed products to subsistence farmers has been declining due to factors such as global warming, growth in population, and low economic growth. This paper seeks to examine the existing scientific literature on the utilization of some unconventional feed resources, to abate the challenge of feed deficit and thus improve animal nutrition. The use of fruit waste and agricultural farm residues affords alternative, nutritive livestock dietary supplements; it has been proven they contain a spectrum of vital bioactive phytochemicals essential for sustainable growth and development of animals. The biochemical composition of the plant wastes and residues include carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and fatty acids, while the common bioactive phytochemicals are polyphenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, and flavonoids, along with tannins, terpenes, and saponins, which play vital roles in reducing disease-causing agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and free radical-associated diseases. The phytochemicals exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory, as well as anti-parasitic and antiprotozoal properties. However, it is important to guard against antinutritive and toxicity levels in animal feed products. The paper concludes that agroresidues’/wastes’ nutritive and therapeutic potential could serve as alternative livestock feed resource, while also acting as additional job and income generator for communities.
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Ali M, Hussain RM, Rehman NU, She G, Li P, Wan X, Guo L, Zhao J. De novo transcriptome sequencing and metabolite profiling analyses reveal the complex metabolic genes involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis in Blue Anise Sage (Salvia guaranitica L.). DNA Res 2018; 25:597-617. [PMID: 30188980 PMCID: PMC6289780 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsy028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many terpenoid compounds have been extracted from different tissues of Salvia guaranitica. However, the molecular genetic basis of terpene biosynthesis pathways is virtually unknown. In this study, approximately 4 Gb of raw data were generated from the transcriptome of S. guaranitica leaves using Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing. After filtering and removing the adapter sequences from the raw data, the number of reads reached 32 million, comprising 186 million of high-quality nucleotide bases. A total of 61,400 unigenes were assembled de novo and annotated for establishing a valid database for studying terpenoid biosynthesis. We identified 267 unigenes that are putatively involved in terpenoid metabolism (including, 198 mevalonate and methyl-erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis genes and 69 terpene synthases genes). Moreover, three terpene synthase genes were studied for their functions in terpenoid biosynthesis by using transgenic Arabidopsis; most transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing these terpene synthetic genes produced increased amounts of terpenoids compared with wild-type control. The combined data analyses from the transcriptome and metabolome provide new insights into our understanding of the complex metabolic genes in terpenoid-rich blue anise sage, and our study paves the way for the future metabolic engineering of the biosynthesis of useful terpene compounds in S. guaranitica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, Department of Plant Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Egypt
| | - Reem M Hussain
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Naveed Ur Rehman
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangbiao She
- State Key Laboratories of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Penghui Li
- State Key Laboratories of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratories of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratories of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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38
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Ignea C, Pontini M, Motawia MS, Maffei ME, Makris AM, Kampranis SC. Synthesis of 11-carbon terpenoids in yeast using protein and metabolic engineering. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:1090-1098. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Linalool bioactive properties and potential applicability in drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:566-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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40
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Khayyat SA, Roselin LS. Recent progress in photochemical reaction on main components of some essential oils. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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He SM, Wang X, Yang SC, Dong Y, Zhao QM, Yang JL, Cong K, Zhang JJ, Zhang GH, Wang Y, Fan W. De novo Transcriptome Characterization of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Leaves and Identification of Genes Involved in α/β-Pinene and β-Caryophyllene Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1231. [PMID: 30197651 PMCID: PMC6117411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived terpenes are effective in treating chronic dysentery, rheumatism, hepatitis, and hyperlipemia. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of terpene biosynthesis in some terpene-abundant Chinese medicinal plants is of great importance. Abundant in mono- and sesqui-terpenes, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk, an evergreen shrub belonging to the family Myrtaceae, is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, (+)-α-pinene and β-caryophyllene were detected to be the two major components in the leaves of R. tomentosa, in which (+)-α-pinene is higher in the young leaves than in the mature leaves, whereas the distribution of β-caryophyllene is opposite. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of leaves identified 138 unigenes potentially involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. By integrating known biosynthetic pathways for terpenoids, 7 candidate genes encoding terpene synthase (RtTPS1-7) that potentially catalyze the last step in pinene and caryophyllene biosynthesis were further characterized. Sequence alignment analysis showed that RtTPS1, RtTPS3 and RtTPS4 do not contain typical N-terminal transit peptides (62-64aa), thus probably producing multiple isomers and enantiomers by terpenoid isomerization. Further enzyme activity in vitro confirmed that RtTPS1-4 mainly produce (+)-α-pinene and (+)-β-pinene, as well as small amounts of (-)-α-pinene and (-)-β-pinene with GPP, while RtTPS1 and RtTPS3 are also active with FPP, producing β-caryophyllene, along with a smaller amount of α-humulene. Our results deepen the understanding of molecular mechanisms of terpenes biosynthesis in Myrtaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Mei He
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Province Key Laboratory, Biological Big Data College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Tashiro M, Ono K, Kimura Y, Kawai-Noma S, Saito K, Umeno D. Tweezing the cofactor preference of gymnosperm pinene synthase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1058-1061. [PMID: 29793401 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1459465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The cellular activities of gymnosperms monoterpene synthases are largely compromised due to their requirement for manganese, which is deficient in microbial cells. Through site-saturation mutagenesis of the residue adjacent to metal-binding glutamate, we found that pinene synthase is highly mutable at this position yet drastically alter their metal binding preference, thereby quickly improving the cellular performance in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Tashiro
- a Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology , Chiba University Nishi-Chiba Campus (Administration Bureau) , Chiba-shi , Japan
| | - Koyo Ono
- a Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology , Chiba University Nishi-Chiba Campus (Administration Bureau) , Chiba-shi , Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- a Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology , Chiba University Nishi-Chiba Campus (Administration Bureau) , Chiba-shi , Japan
| | - Shigeko Kawai-Noma
- a Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology , Chiba University Nishi-Chiba Campus (Administration Bureau) , Chiba-shi , Japan
| | - Kyoichi Saito
- a Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology , Chiba University Nishi-Chiba Campus (Administration Bureau) , Chiba-shi , Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeno
- a Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology , Chiba University Nishi-Chiba Campus (Administration Bureau) , Chiba-shi , Japan
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Qi C, Zhao H, Li W, Li X, Xiang H, Zhang G, Liu H, Wang Q, Wang Y, Xian M, Zhang H. Production of γ-terpinene by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli using glycerol as feedstock. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30851-30859. [PMID: 35548758 PMCID: PMC9085526 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A sustainable technology for gamma (γ)-terpinene was constructed in an engineered Escherichia coli. In-depth analysis at translation level for the engineered strain and intermediate metabolites were analyzed. The fed-batch fermentation of γ-terpinene was 275.41 mg L−1.
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Metabolic engineering of the pentose phosphate pathway for enhanced limonene production in the cyanobacterium Synechocysti s sp. PCC 6803. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17503. [PMID: 29235513 PMCID: PMC5727528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenoids are diverse natural compounds, which have various applications as pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and solvents. The low yield of isoprenoids in plants makes them difficult for cost-effective production, and chemical synthesis of complex isoprenoids is impractical. Microbial production of isoprenoids has been considered as a promising approach to increase the yield. In this study, we engineered the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for sustainable production of a commercially valuable isoprenoid, limonene. Limonene synthases from the plants Mentha spicata and Citrus limon were expressed in cyanobacteria for limonene production. Production of limonene was two-fold higher with limonene synthase from M. spicata than that from C. limon. To enhance isoprenoid production, computational strain design was conducted by applying the OptForce strain design algorithm on Synechocystis 6803. Based on the metabolic interventions suggested by this algorithm, genes (ribose 5-phosphate isomerase and ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase) in the pentose phosphate pathway were overexpressed, and a geranyl diphosphate synthase from the plant Abies grandis was expressed to optimize the limonene biosynthetic pathway. The optimized strain produced 6.7 mg/L of limonene, a 2.3-fold improvement in productivity. Thus, this study presents a feasible strategy to engineer cyanobacteria for photosynthetic production of isoprenoids.
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45
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Ali M, Li P, She G, Chen D, Wan X, Zhao J. Transcriptome and metabolite analyses reveal the complex metabolic genes involved in volatile terpenoid biosynthesis in garden sage (Salvia officinalis). Sci Rep 2017; 7:16074. [PMID: 29167468 PMCID: PMC5700130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of terpenoid compounds have been extracted from different tissues of S. officinalis. However, the molecular genetic basis of terpene biosynthesis pathways is virtually unknown. In this study, approximately 6.6 Gb of raw data were generated from the transcriptome of S. officinalis leaves using Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing. After filtering and removing the adapter sequences from the raw data, the number of reads reached 21 million, comprising 98 million of high-quality nucleotide bases. 48,671 unigenes were assembled de novo and annotated for establishing a valid database for studying terpenoid biosynthesis. We identified 135 unigenes that are putatively involved in terpenoid metabolism, including 70 mevalonate and methyl-erythritol phosphate pathways, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis genes, and 65 terpene synthase genes. Moreover, five terpene synthase genes were studied for their functions in terpenoid biosynthesis by using transgenic tobacco; most transgenic tobacco plants expressing these terpene synthetic genes produced increased amounts of terpenoids compared with wild-type control. The combined data analyses from the transcriptome and metabolome provide new insights into our understanding of the complex metabolic genes in terpenoid-rich sage, and our study paves the way for the future metabolic engineering of the biosynthesis of useful terpene compounds in S. officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Penghui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangbiao She
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Daofu Chen
- Wuhan Doublehelix Biology Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Morehouse BR, Kumar RP, Matos JO, Olsen SN, Entova S, Oprian DD. Functional and Structural Characterization of a (+)-Limonene Synthase from Citrus sinensis. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1706-1715. [PMID: 28272875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Terpenes make up the largest and most diverse class of natural compounds and have important commercial and medical applications. Limonene is a cyclic monoterpene (C10) present in nature as two enantiomers, (+) and (-), which are produced by different enzymes. The mechanism of production of the (-)-enantiomer has been studied in great detail, but to understand how enantiomeric selectivity is achieved in this class of enzymes, it is important to develop a thorough biochemical description of enzymes that generate (+)-limonene, as well. Here we report the first cloning and biochemical characterization of a (+)-limonene synthase from navel orange (Citrus sinensis). The enzyme obeys classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics and produces exclusively the (+)-enantiomer. We have determined the crystal structure of the apoprotein in an "open" conformation at 2.3 Å resolution. Comparison with the structure of (-)-limonene synthase (Mentha spicata), which is representative of a fully closed conformation (Protein Data Bank entry 2ONG ), reveals that the short H-α1 helix moves nearly 5 Å inward upon substrate binding, and a conserved Tyr flips to point its hydroxyl group into the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Morehouse
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Ramasamy P Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Jason O Matos
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Sarah Naomi Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Sonya Entova
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Daniel D Oprian
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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Fujita Y, Koeduka T, Aida M, Suzuki H, Iijima Y, Matsui K. Biosynthesis of volatile terpenes that accumulate in the secretory cavities of young leaves of Japanese pepper ( Zanthoxylum piperitum): Isolation and functional characterization of monoterpene and sesquiterpene synthase genes. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2017; 34:17-28. [PMID: 31275004 PMCID: PMC6543703 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.16.1231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Volatile terpenes are ones of the characteristic aromas of Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum). It has been hypothesized that the specialized epithelial cells surrounding the secretory cavities of Japanese pepper fruits and leaves are responsible for the synthesis of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which are generally produced by terpene synthases (TPSs); however, direct evidence for the formation of terpenes in Japanese pepper remains elusive. Here we report that monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes accumulate inside the secretory cavities of Japanese pepper leaves, but not in other parts of leaf tissues that do not include secretory cavities. We have obtained cDNAs for ZpTPS1 and ZpTPS2, which are responsible for biosynthesis of the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and germacrene D, respectively, in Japanese pepper. In addition, we also identified a cDNA for the monoterpene synthase ZpTPS3. Expression of ZpTPS3 in Escherichia coli in addition to Agrobacterium-mediated transient ZpTPS3 expression in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated the catalytic activity of ZpTPS3 to form β-phellandrene as the major product. In situ hybridization in Japanese pepper leaf tissue revealed that ZpTPS3 transcript specifically accumulated in the epithelial cells surrounding secretory cavities. Expression of ZpTPS3 in epithelial cells was only detectable during early stages of cavity development, whereas the formation of volatile terpenes occurred at a constant rate throughout the expansion of secretory cavities. Our studies have improved the understanding of the currently uncharacterized processes controlling volatile terpene biosynthesis in Japanese pepper leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Fujita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Division of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takao Koeduka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Division of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Aida
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yoko Iijima
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Division of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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48
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Alquézar B, Rodríguez A, de la Peña M, Peña L. Genomic Analysis of Terpene Synthase Family and Functional Characterization of Seven Sesquiterpene Synthases from Citrus sinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1481. [PMID: 28883829 PMCID: PMC5573811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Citrus aroma and flavor, chief traits of fruit quality, are derived from their high content in essential oils of most plant tissues, including leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. Accumulated in secretory cavities, most components of these oils are volatile terpenes. They contribute to defense against herbivores and pathogens, and perhaps also protect tissues against abiotic stress. In spite of their importance, our understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and genetic regulation of citrus terpene volatiles is still limited. The availability of the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) genome sequence allowed us to characterize for the first time the terpene synthase (TPS) family in a citrus type. CsTPS is one of the largest angiosperm TPS families characterized so far, formed by 95 loci from which just 55 encode for putative functional TPSs. All TPS angiosperm families, TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e/f, and TPS-g were represented in the sweet orange genome, with 28, 18, 2, 2, and 5 putative full length genes each. Additionally, sweet orange β-farnesene synthase, (Z)-β-cubebene/α-copaene synthase, two β-caryophyllene synthases, and three multiproduct enzymes yielding β-cadinene/α-copaene, β-elemene, and β-cadinene/ledene/allo-aromandendrene as major products were identified, and functionally characterized via in vivo recombinant Escherichia coli assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Alquézar
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Pesquisa y Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da CitriculturaAraraquara, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Pesquisa y Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da CitriculturaAraraquara, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Marcos de la Peña
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Leandro Peña
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Pesquisa y Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da CitriculturaAraraquara, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Leandro Peña
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49
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Tashiro M, Kiyota H, Kawai-Noma S, Saito K, Ikeuchi M, Iijima Y, Umeno D. Bacterial Production of Pinene by a Laboratory-Evolved Pinene-Synthase. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1011-20. [PMID: 27247193 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Successful feeding of the substrate geranylpyrophosphate (GPP) to monoterpene synthase is critical to the efficient microbial production of monoterpenes. Overexpression of GPP synthases, metabolic channeling from GPP synthase to terpene synthases, and down-tuning of endogenous competitors have been successfully used to increase the production of monoterpene. Nevertheless, the production of monoterpenes has remained considerably lower than that of hemi-/sesqui-terpenoids. We tested whether it is effective to improve the cellular activity of monoterpene synthases. To this end, we developed a high-throughput screening system to monitor for elevated GPP consumption. Through a single round of mutagenesis and screening, we isolated a pinene synthase variant that outperformed the wild-type (parent) enzyme in multiple contexts in Escherichia coli and cyanobacteria. The purified variant exhibited drastically altered metal dependency, enabling to keep the activity in the cytosol that is manganese-deficient. Coexpression of this variant with mevalonate pathway enzymes, isopentenylpyrophosphate isomerase, and GPP synthase yielded 140 mg/L pinene in a flask culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Tashiro
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cyo, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeko Kawai-Noma
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cyo, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cyo, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Life
Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Science, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yoko Iijima
- Department of Nutrition
and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-ogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeno
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cyo, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Precursory Research
for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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50
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Ma X, Guo J, Ma Y, Jin B, Zhan Z, Yuan Y, Huang L. Characterization of a monoterpene synthase from Paeonia lactiflora producing α-pinene as its single product. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1213-9. [PMID: 27053081 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify a terpene synthase that catalyzes the conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) to α-pinene and is involved in the biosynthesis of paeoniflorin. RESULTS Two new terpene synthase genes were isolated from the transcriptome data of Peaonia lactiflora. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence characterization revealed that one gene, named PlPIN, encoded a monoterpene synthase that might be involved in the biosynthesis of paeoniflorin. In vitro enzyme assay showed that, in contrast to most monoterpene synthases, PlPIN encoded an α-pinene synthase which converted GPP into α-pinene as a single product. CONCLUSIONS This newly identified α-pinene synthase could be used for improving paeoniflorin accumulation by metabolic engineering or for producing α-pinene via synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Protection and Application of Chinese Medicinal Resources, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilai Zhan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
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