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Holzinger JM, Toelge M, Werner M, Ederer KU, Siegmund HI, Peterhoff D, Blaas SH, Gisch N, Brochhausen C, Gessner A, Bülow S. Scorpionfish BPI is highly active against multiple drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from people with cystic fibrosis. eLife 2023; 12:e86369. [PMID: 37461324 PMCID: PMC10353861 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary infection is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) and requires continuous antibiotic treatment. In this context, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is of special concern since colonizing strains frequently acquire multiple drug resistance (MDR). Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is a neutrophil-derived, endogenous protein with high bactericidal potency against Gram-negative bacteria. However, a significant range of people with CF (PwCF) produce anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies against BPI (BPI-ANCA), thereby neutralizing its bactericidal function. In accordance with literature, we describe that 51.0% of a total of 39 PwCF expressed BPI-ANCA. Importantly, an orthologous protein to human BPI (huBPI) derived from the scorpionfish Sebastes schlegelii (scoBPI) completely escaped recognition by these autoantibodies. Moreover, scoBPI exhibited high anti-inflammatory potency towards Pa LPS and was bactericidal against MDR Pa derived from PwCF at nanomolar concentrations. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential of highly active orthologous proteins of huBPI in treatment of MDR Pa infections, especially in the presence of BPI-ANCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Maurice Holzinger
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Toelge
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maren Werner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Ursula Ederer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Bülow
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Del Bino L, Østerlid KE, Wu DY, Nonne F, Romano MR, Codée J, Adamo R. Synthetic Glycans to Improve Current Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Fight Antimicrobial Resistance. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15672-15716. [PMID: 35608633 PMCID: PMC9614730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is emerging as the next potential pandemic. Different microorganisms, including the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungus Candida auris, have been identified by the WHO and CDC as urgent or serious AMR threats. Others, such as group A and B Streptococci, are classified as concerning threats. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been demonstrated to be an efficacious and cost-effective measure to combat infections against Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and, more recently, Salmonella typhi. Recent times have seen enormous progress in methodologies for the assembly of complex glycans and glycoconjugates, with developments in synthetic, chemoenzymatic, and glycoengineering methodologies. This review analyzes the advancement of glycoconjugate vaccines based on synthetic carbohydrates to improve existing vaccines and identify novel candidates to combat AMR. Through this literature survey we built an overview of structure-immunogenicity relationships from available data and identify gaps and areas for further research to better exploit the peculiar role of carbohydrates as vaccine targets and create the next generation of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kitt Emilie Østerlid
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dung-Yeh Wu
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeroen Codée
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Si A, Sucheck SJ. Synthesis of Aminooxy Glycoside Derivatives of the Outer Core Domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:750502. [PMID: 34820424 PMCID: PMC8606414 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.750502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly prevalent gram-negative bacterium that is becoming more difficult to treat because of increasing antibiotic resistance. As chemotherapeutic treatment options diminish, there is an increased need for vaccines. However, the creation of an effective P. aeruginosa vaccine has been elusive despite intensive efforts. Thus, new paradigms for vaccine antigens should be explored to develop effective vaccines. In these studies, we have focused on the synthesis of two L-rhamnose-bearing epitopes common to glycoforms I and II of the outer core domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide, α-L-Rha-(1→6)-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-GalN-(Ala)-α-aminooxy (3) and α-L-Rha-(1→3)-β-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-D-GalN-(Ala)-α-aminooxy (4), respectively. The target trisaccharides were both prepared starting from a suitably protected galactosamine glycoside, followed by successive deprotection and glycosylation with suitably protected D-glucose and L-rhamnose thioglycosides. Global deprotection resulted in the formation of targets 3 and 4 in 22 and 35% yield each. Care was required to modify basic reaction conditions to avoid early deprotection of the N-oxysuccinamido group. In summary, trisaccharides related to the L-rhamnose-bearing epitopes common to glycoforms I and II of the outer core domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide have been prepared as their aminooxy glycosides. The latter are expected to be useful in chemoselective oxime-based bioconjugation reactions to form Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J. Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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4
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Analysis of the Structure and Biosynthesis of the Lipopolysaccharide Core Oligosaccharide of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063250. [PMID: 33806795 PMCID: PMC8005017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is important for bacterial viability in general and host-pathogen interactions in particular. Negative charges at its core oligosaccharide (core-OS) contribute to membrane integrity through bridging interactions with divalent cations. The molecular structure and synthesis of the core-OS have been resolved in various bacteria including the mammalian pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A few core-OS structures of plant-associated Pseudomonas strains have been solved to date, but the genetic components of the underlying biosynthesis remained unclear. We conducted a comparative genome analysis of the core-OS gene cluster in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, a widely used model pathogen in plant-microbe interactions, within the P. syringae species complex and to other plant-associated Pseudomonas strains. Our results suggest a genetic and structural conservation of the inner core-OS but variation in outer core-OS composition within the P. syringae species complex. Structural analysis of the core-OS of Pst DC3000 shows an uncommonly high phosphorylation and presence of an O-acetylated sugar. Finally, we combined the results of our genomic survey with available structure information to estimate the core-OS composition of other Pseudomonas species.
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Micoli F, Costantino P, Adamo R. Potential targets for next generation antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:388-423. [PMID: 29547971 PMCID: PMC5995208 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates have been proven optimal targets for vaccine development. Conjugation of polysaccharides to a carrier protein triggers a T-cell-dependent immune response to the glycan moiety. Licensed glycoconjugate vaccines are produced by chemical conjugation of capsular polysaccharides to prevent meningitis caused by meningococcus, pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae type b. However, other classes of carbohydrates (O-antigens, exopolysaccharides, wall/teichoic acids) represent attractive targets for developing vaccines. Recent analysis from WHO/CHO underpins alarming concern toward antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as the so called ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) and additional pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Group A Streptococcus. Fungal infections are also becoming increasingly invasive for immunocompromised patients or hospitalized individuals. Other emergencies could derive from bacteria which spread during environmental calamities (Vibrio cholerae) or with potential as bioterrorism weapons (Burkholderia pseudomallei and mallei, Francisella tularensis). Vaccination could aid reducing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and provide protection by herd immunity also to individuals who are not vaccinated. This review analyzes structural and functional differences of the polysaccharides exposed on the surface of emerging pathogenic bacteria, combined with medical need and technological feasibility of corresponding glycoconjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena
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6
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Latino L, Caroff M, Pourcel C. Fine structure analysis of lipopolysaccharides in bacteriophage-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 mutants. Microbiology (Reading) 2017; 163:848-855. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Libera Latino
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Martine Caroff
- LPS-BioSciences, Bât 409, I2BC, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Christine Pourcel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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7
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Review: Conserved and variable structural features in the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519060120060201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The review is devoted to recent progress in the structural elucidation of the lipopolysaccharide of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including O-antigen biological repeats, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Data on biosynthesis, genetics and serology of the lipopolysaccharide isolated from various P. aeruginosa O-serogroups are discussed in relation to the chemical structures.
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Korneev KV, Arbatsky NP, Molinaro A, Palmigiano A, Shaikhutdinova RZ, Shneider MM, Pier GB, Kondakova AN, Sviriaeva EN, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA, Drutskaya MS, Knirel YA, Kuprash DV. Structural Relationship of the Lipid A Acyl Groups to Activation of Murine Toll-Like Receptor 4 by Lipopolysaccharides from Pathogenic Strains of Burkholderia mallei, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Immunol 2015; 6:595. [PMID: 26635809 PMCID: PMC4655328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is required for activation of innate immunity upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. The ability of TLR4 to respond to a particular LPS species is important since insufficient activation may not prevent bacterial growth while excessive immune reaction may lead to immunopathology associated with sepsis. Here, we investigated the biological activity of LPS from Burkholderia mallei that causes glanders, and from the two well-known opportunistic pathogens Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (causative agents of nosocomial infections). For each bacterial strain, R-form LPS preparations were purified by hydrophobic chromatography and the chemical structure of lipid A, an LPS structural component, was elucidated by HR-MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The biological activity of LPS samples was evaluated by their ability to induce production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF, by bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our results demonstrate direct correlation between the biological activity of LPS from these pathogenic bacteria and the extent of their lipid A acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Korneev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Nikolay P Arbatsky
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Angelo Palmigiano
- CNR Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials , Catania , Italy
| | | | - Mikhail M Shneider
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Gerald B Pier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Anna N Kondakova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Sviriaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials , Catania , Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials , Catania , Italy
| | - Andrey A Kruglov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia ; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kuprash
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
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Di Lorenzo F, Silipo A, Bianconi I, Lore' NI, Scamporrino A, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Bragonzi A, Molinaro A. Persistent cystic fibrosis isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain RP73 exhibits an under-acylated LPS structure responsible of its low inflammatory activity. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:166-75. [PMID: 24856407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the major pathogen involved in lethal infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) population, is able to cause permanent chronic infections that can persist over the years. This ability to chronic colonize CF airways is related to a series of adaptive bacterial changes involving the immunostimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule. The structure of LPSs isolated from several P. aeruginosa strains showed conserved features that can undergo chemical changes during the establishment of the chronic infection. In the present paper, we report the elucidation of the structure and the biological activity of the R-LPS (lipooligosaccharide, LOS) isolated from the persistent CF isolate P. aeruginosa strain RP73, in order to give further insights in the adaptation mechanism of the pathogen in the CF environment. The complete structural analysis of P. aeruginosa RP73 LOS was achieved by chemical analyses, NMR spectroscopy and MALDI MS spectrometry, while the assessment of the biological activity was attained testing the in vivo pro-inflammatory capacity of the isolated LOS molecule. While a typical CF LPS is able to trigger a high immune response and production of pro-inflammatory molecules, this P. aeruginosa RP73 LOS showed to possess a low pro-inflammatory capacity. This was possible due to a singular chemical structure possessing an under-acylated lipid A very similar to the LPS of P. aeruginosa found in chronic lung diseases such as bronchiectstasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Irene Bianconi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Ivan Lore'
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Scamporrino
- Istituto di Chimica e Tecnologia dei Polimeri - ICTP - CNR, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- Istituto di Chimica e Tecnologia dei Polimeri - ICTP - CNR, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- Istituto di Chimica e Tecnologia dei Polimeri - ICTP - CNR, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Parrilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Gopal J, Abdelhamid HN, Hua PY, Wu HF. Chitosan nanomagnets for effective extraction and sensitive mass spectrometric detection of pathogenic bacterial endotoxin from human urine. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2463-2475. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20079e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kocincova D, Lam JS. Structural diversity of the core oligosaccharide domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:755-60. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911070054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Evidence that WapB is a 1,2-glucosyltransferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa involved in Lipopolysaccharide outer core biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:2708-16. [PMID: 21441506 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00032-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen infecting debilitated individuals. One of the major virulence factors expressed by P. aeruginosa is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is composed of lipid A, core oligosaccharide (OS), and O-antigen polysaccharide. The core OS is divided into inner and outer regions. Although the structure of the outer core OS has been elucidated, the functions and mechanisms of the glycosyltransferases involved in core OS biogenesis are currently unknown. Here, we show that a previously uncharacterized gene, pa1014, is involved in outer core biosynthesis, and we propose to rename this gene wapB. We constructed a chromosomal mutant, wapB::Gm, in a PAO1 (O5 serotype) strain background. Characterization of the LPS from the mutant by Western immunoblotting showed a lack of reactivity to PAO1 outer core-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5c-101. The chemical structure of the core OS of the wapB mutant was elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques and revealed that the core OS of the wapB mutant lacked the terminal β-1,2-linked-d-glucose residue. Complementation of the mutant with wapB in trans restored the core structure to one that is identical to that of the wild type. Eleven of the 20 P. aeruginosa International Antigenic Typing Scheme (IATS) serotypes produce LPSs that lack the terminal d-glucose residue (Glc(IV)). Interestingly, expressing wapB in each of these 11 serotypes modifies each of their outer core OS structures, which became reactive to MAb 5c-101 in Western immunoblotting, suggesting the presence of a terminal d-glucose in these core OS structures. Our results strongly suggested that wapB encodes a 1,2-glucosyltransferase.
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Mucosal vaccination with a multivalent, live-attenuated vaccine induces multifactorial immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa acute lung infection. Infect Immun 2010; 79:1289-99. [PMID: 21149583 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01139-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animal studies investigating adaptive immune effectors important for protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa have implicated opsonic antibody to the antigenically variable lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigens as a primary effector. However, active and passive vaccination of humans against these antigens has not shown clinical efficacy. We hypothesized that optimal immunity would require inducing multiple immune effectors targeting multiple bacterial antigens. Therefore, we evaluated a multivalent live-attenuated mucosal vaccination strategy in a murine model of acute P. aeruginosa pneumonia to assess the contributions to protective efficacy of various bacterial antigens and host immune effectors. Vaccines combining 3 or 4 attenuated strains having different LPS serogroups were associated with the highest protective efficacy compared to vaccines with fewer components. Levels of opsonophagocytic antibodies, which were directed not only to the LPS O antigens but also to the LPS core and surface proteins, correlated with protective immunity. The multivalent live-attenuated vaccines overcame prior problems involving immunologic interference in the development of O-antigen-specific antibody responses when closely related O antigens were combined in multivalent vaccines. Antibodies to the LPS core were associated with in vitro killing and in vivo protection against strains with O antigens not expressed by the vaccine strains, whereas antibodies to the LPS core and surface proteins augmented the contribution of O-antigen-specific antibodies elicited by vaccine strains containing a homologous O antigen. Local CD4 T cells in the lung also contributed to vaccine-based protection when opsonophagocytic antibodies to the challenge strain were absent. Thus, multivalent live-attenuated vaccines elicit multifactorial protective immunity to P. aeruginosa lung infections.
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Kabanov DS, Prokhorenko IR. Structural analysis of lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 75:383-404. [PMID: 20618127 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910040012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This review covers data on composition and structure of lipid A, core, and O-polysaccharide of the known lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria. The relationship between the structure and biological activity of lipid A is discussed. The data on roles of core and O-polysaccharide in biological activities of lipopolysaccharides are presented. The structural homology of some oligosaccharide sequences of lipopolysaccharides to gangliosides of human cell membranes is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kabanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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15
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Kamei A, Koh AY, Gadjeva M, Priebe GP, Lory S, Pier GB. Analysis of acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa gastrointestinal mucosal colonization and horizontal transmission in a murine model. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:71-80. [PMID: 19938976 DOI: 10.1086/648616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory systems to study bacterial transmission and mucosal colonization leading to infection have not been utilized. METHODS We determined whether transmission of various strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among individual mice could occur and investigated the properties of such strains in establishing gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal colonization as well as in disseminating systemically after induction of neutropenia. RESULTS P. aeruginosa isolates associated with epidemic spread among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) readily established GI colonization at higher levels than did strains associated with acute infections in patients without CF, and they outcompeted these strains. Colonization was associated with resistance to bile salts. However, epidemic CF isolates did not disseminate after induction of neutropenia and did not induce as much mucosal pathology as did strains that were capable of disseminating. CONCLUSION Murine models can be used to study P. aeruginosa transmission and early colonization, and the properties of these strains associated with their known clinical behaviors are mimicked in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Kamei
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Monoclonal antibody S60-4-14 reveals diagnostic potential in the identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in lung tissues of cystic fibrosis patients. Eur J Cell Biol 2009; 89:25-33. [PMID: 20022136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been identified to contain an inner-core structure expressing a Pseudomonas-specific epitope. This target structure is characterized by a highly phosphorylated and 7-O-carbamoyl-l-glycero-alpha-d-manno-heptopyranose (CmHep) and was found to be present in all human-pathogenic Pseudomonas species of the Palleroni (RNA)-classification I scheme. We raised and selected the monoclonal antibody S60-4-14 (mAb S60-4-14, subtype IgG1) from mice immunized with heat-killed Pseudomonas bacteria. The epitope of this mAb was found to reside in the inner-core structure of P. aeruginosa and, hence, successfully evaluated for the immunohistochemical detection of P. aeruginosa in formalin- or HOPE-fixed (Hepes-glutamic acid buffer-mediated organic solvent protection effect) and paraffin-embedded human lung tissue slices. Lung specimens, mainly from explanted lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, as well as P. aeruginosa isolates from patients suffering from CF and patients with extrapulmonar Pseudomonas infections were investigated by PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis with mAb S60-4-14. The results revealed an unequivocal coincidence of PCR and immunohistochemistry. Together with the Western blot results mAb S60-4-14 displays a potential diagnostic tool for the specific identification of P. aeruginosa in infected lungs of CF.
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King JD, Kocíncová D, Westman EL, Lam JS. Review: Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Innate Immun 2009; 15:261-312. [PMID: 19710102 DOI: 10.1177/1753425909106436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes serious nosocomial infections, and an important virulence factor produced by this organism is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This review summarizes knowledge about biosynthesis of all three structural domains of LPS - lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O polysaccharides. In addition, based on similarities with other bacterial species, this review proposes new hypothetical pathways for unstudied steps in the biosynthesis of P. aeruginosa LPS. Lipid A biosynthesis is discussed in relation to Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and the biosyntheses of core sugar precursors and core oligosaccharide are summarised. Pseudomonas aeruginosa attaches a Common Polysaccharide Antigen and O-Specific Antigen polysaccharides to lipid A-core. Both forms of O polysaccharide are discussed with respect to their independent synthesis mechanisms. Recent advances in understanding O-polysaccharide biosynthesis since the last major review on this subject, published nearly a decade ago, are highlighted. Since P. aeruginosa O polysaccharides contain unusual sugars, sugar-nucleotide biosynthesis pathways are reviewed in detail. Knowledge derived from detailed studies in the O5, O6 and O11 serotypes is applied to predict biosynthesis pathways of sugars in poorly-studied serotypes, especially O1, O4, and O13/O14. Although further work is required, a full understanding of LPS biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa is almost within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D King
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Altman E, Wang Z, Aaron SD, Liu X, Vandemheen KL, Ferris W, Giesbrecht T, Li J. Epidemiological investigation and glycotyping of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis by mass spectrometry: Association with multiple drug resistance. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 76:204-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update covering the period 2001-2002. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:125-201. [PMID: 18247413 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review is the second update of the original review on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates that was published in 1999. It covers fundamental aspects of the technique as applied to carbohydrates, fragmentation of carbohydrates, studies of specific carbohydrate types such as those from plant cell walls and those attached to proteins and lipids, studies of glycosyl-transferases and glycosidases, and studies where MALDI has been used to monitor products of chemical synthesis. Use of the technique shows a steady annual increase at the expense of older techniques such as FAB. There is an increasing emphasis on its use for examination of biological systems rather than on studies of fundamental aspects and method development and this is reflected by much of the work on applications appearing in tabular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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20
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Functional characterization of MigA and WapR: putative rhamnosyltransferases involved in outer core oligosaccharide biosynthesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:1857-65. [PMID: 18178733 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01546-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contains two glycoforms of core oligosaccharide (OS); one form is capped with O antigen through an alpha-1,3-linked L-rhamnose (L-Rha), while the other is uncapped and contains an alpha-1,6-linked L-Rha. Two genes in strain PAO1, wapR (PA5000) and migA (PA0705), encode putative glycosyltransferases associated with core biosynthesis. We propose that WapR and MigA are the rhamnosyltransferases responsible for the two linkages of L-Rha to the core. Knockout mutants with mutations in both genes were generated. The wapR mutant produced LPS lacking O antigen, and addition of wapR in trans complemented this defect. The migA mutant produced LPS with a truncated outer core and showed no reactivity to outer core-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5C101. Complementation of this mutant with migA restored reactivity of the LPS to MAb 5C101. Interestingly, LPS from the complemented migA strain was not reactive to MAb 18-19 (specific for the core-plus-one O repeat). This was due to overexpression of MigA in the complemented strain that caused an increase in the proportion of the uncapped core OS, thereby decreasing the amount of the core-plus-one O repeat, indicating that MigA has a regulatory role. The structures of LPS from both mutants were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The capped core of the wapR mutant was found to be truncated and lacked alpha-1,3-L-Rha. In contrast, uncapped core OS from the migA mutant lacked alpha-1,6-L-Rha. These results provide evidence that WapR is the alpha-1,3-rhamnosyltransferase, while MigA is the alpha-1,6-rhamnosyltransferase.
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21
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Veron W, Lesouhaitier O, Pennanec X, Rehel K, Leroux P, Orange N, Feuilloley MGJ. Natriuretic peptides affect Pseudomonas aeruginosa and specifically modify lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. FEBS J 2007; 274:5852-64. [PMID: 17944935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides of various forms are present in animals and plants, and display structural similarities to cyclic antibacterial peptides. Pretreatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) increases bacterium-induced glial cell necrosis. In eukaryotes, natriuretic peptides act through receptors coupled to cyclases. We observed that stable analogs of cAMP (dibutyryl cAMP) and cGMP (8-bromo-cGMP) mimicked the effect of brain natriuretic peptide and CNP on bacteria. Further evidence for the involvement of bacterial cyclases in the regulation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 cytotoxicity by natriuretic peptides is provided by the observed doubling of intrabacterial cAMP concentration after exposure to CNP. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from P. aeruginosa PAO1 treated with both dibutyryl cAMP and 8-bromo-cGMP induces higher levels of necrosis than LPS extracted from untreated bacteria. Capillary electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS analysis have shown that differences in LPS toxicity are due to specific differences in the structure of the macromolecule. Using a strain deleted in the vfr gene, we showed that the Vfr protein is essential for the effect of natriuretic peptides on P. aeruginosa PAO1 virulence. These data support the hypothesis that P. aeruginosa has a cyclic nucleotide-dependent natriuretic peptide sensor system that may affect virulence by activating the expression of Vfr and LPS biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Veron
- Laboratory of Cold Microbiology, UPRES 2123, University of Rouen, Evreux, France
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22
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Ma L, Lu H, Sprinkle A, Parsek MR, Wozniak DJ. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Psl is a galactose- and mannose-rich exopolysaccharide. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:8353-6. [PMID: 17631634 PMCID: PMC2168683 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00620-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa polysaccharide synthesis locus (psl) is predicted to encode an exopolysaccharide which is critical for biofilm formation. Here we used chemical composition analyses and mannose- or galactose-specific lectin staining, followed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy, to show that Psl is a galactose-rich and mannose-rich exopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1064, USA
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23
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Pier GB. Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide: a major virulence factor, initiator of inflammation and target for effective immunity. Int J Med Microbiol 2007; 297:277-95. [PMID: 17466590 PMCID: PMC1994162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important bacterial pathogens encountered by immunocompromised hosts and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elaborated by this organism is a key factor in virulence as well as both innate and acquired host responses to infection. The molecule has a fair degree of heterogeneity in its lipid A and O-antigen structure, and elaborates two different outer-core glycoforms, of which only one is ligated to the O-antigen. A close relatedness between the chemical structures and genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes has been established, with 11 major O-antigen groups identified. The lipid A can be variably penta-, hexa- or hepta-acylated, and these isoforms have differing potencies when activating host innate immunity via binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The O-antigen is a major target for protective immunity as evidenced by numerous animal studies, but attempts, to date, to produce a human vaccine targeting these epitopes have not been successful. Newer strategies employing live attenuated P. aeruginosa, or heterologous attenuated bacteria expressing P. aeruginosa O-antigens are potential means to solve some of the existing problems related to making a P. aeruginosa LPS-specific vaccine. Overall, there is now a large amount of information available about the genes and enzymes needed to produce the P. aeruginosa LPS, detailed chemical structures have been determined for the major O-antigens, and significant biologic and immunologic studies have been conducted to define the role of this molecule in virulence and immunity to P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald B Pier
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Bystrova OV, Knirel YA, Lindner B, Kocharova NA, Kondakova AN, Zähringer U, Pier GB. Structures of the core oligosaccharide and O-units in the R- and SR-type lipopolysaccharides of reference strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O-serogroups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 46:85-99. [PMID: 16420601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2005.00004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Highly phosphorylated core oligosaccharides and those substituted with one O-antigen repeating unit were obtained by mild acid degradation or strong alkaline hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide samples from 23 reference strains representing all Pseudomonas aeruginosa O-serogroups. Studies by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy revealed both conserved and variable structural features of the lipopolysaccharides of various O-serogroups. The upstream terminal saccharide of the O-antigen, which contributes most to the immunospecificity of the bacteria, was defined in 11 from a total of 13 O-serogroups. The data obtained link together the known biosynthesis pathways, genetics and serology of the P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Bystrova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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25
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Choudhury B, Carlson RW, Goldberg JB. The structure of the lipopolysaccharide from a galU mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serogroup-O11. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2761-72. [PMID: 16229827 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of a galU mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA103, a serogroup O11 strain, was sequentially extracted with phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether (PCP) followed by hot phenol-water extraction of the bacterial pellet remaining after PCP extraction. LPS was found in both the PCP extract as well as in the water phase of the hot phenol-water extract. Analysis of the carbohydrate portion released by mild acid hydrolysis of both LPS preparations, both before and after removal of all phosphate groups by treatment with aqueous HF, was performed by glycosyl composition and linkage analyses as well as by NMR and mass spectrometric analyses. The results showed that the carbohydrate portion of these two LPS extracts contained the same structure: namely, alpha-GalN(Ala)-(1-->3)-alpha-(7-Cm)HepII-(1-->3)-alpha-HepI-(1-->5)-alpha-Kdo-(2-->. The oligosaccharide preparation from PCP-extracted LPS consisted of a variety of structures containing up to six phosphate groups present as mono-, pyro-, and possibly triphosphate, primarily located on the HepI residue with some molecules having a monophosphate on HepII. The oligosaccharide preparation from the hot phenol-water-extracted LPS contained a similar variety of structures, but with an additional structure in which HepI contained a PPEA group at O-2. In addition, PAGE immunoblot analysis of the crude cellular extract with anti-A-antibodies revealed the presence of A-band material in both PA103 and the galU mutant. The A-band material was purified and characterized by glycosyl composition and linkage analyses, as well as by NMR spectroscopy, which confirmed that the A-band rhamnan polysaccharide was present but not as typical LPS since lipid-A or LPS core oligosaccharide components were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswa Choudhury
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, 315 Riverbend Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
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26
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Zdorovenko EL, Vinogradov E, Zdorovenko GM, Lindner B, Bystrova OV, Shashkov AS, Rudolph K, Zähringer U, Knirel YA. Structure of the core oligosaccharide of a rough-type lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 271:4968-77. [PMID: 15606785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The core structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from a rough strain of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, GSPB 711, was investigated by sugar and methylation analyses, Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance ESI MS, and one- and two-dimensional 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Strong alkaline deacylation of the LPS resulted in two core-lipid A backbone undecasaccharide pentakisphosphates in the ratio approximately 2.5 : 1, which corresponded to outer core glycoforms 1 and 2 terminated with either L-rhamnose or 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), respectively. Mild acid degradation of the LPS gave the major glycoform 1 core octasaccharide and a minor truncated glycoform 2 core heptasaccharide, which resulted from the cleavage of the terminal Kdo residues. The inner core of P. syringae is distinguished by a high degree of phosphorylation of L-glycero-D-manno-heptose residues with phosphate, diphosphate and ethanolamine diphosphate groups. The glycoform 1 core is structurally similar but not identical to one of the core glycoforms of the human pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The outer core composition and structure may be useful as a chemotaxonomic marker for the P. syringae group of bacteria, whereas a more conserved inner core structure appears to be representative for the whole genus Pseudomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina L Zdorovenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia.
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27
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Bystrova OV, Lindner B, Moll H, Kocharova NA, Knirel YA, Zahringer U, Pier GB. Full structure of the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 5. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2005; 69:170-5. [PMID: 15000683 PMCID: PMC1317305 DOI: 10.1023/b:biry.0000018947.60328.8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 5 was delipidated by mild acid hydrolysis, and the products were separated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and analyzed by ESI MS and NMR spectroscopy. LPS species of three types were found, including those with an unsubstituted core and the core substituted with one O-polysaccharide repeating unit or with an O-polysaccharide of a variable number of repeating units. The core region is highly phosphorylated, the major species containing two monophosphate groups and one ethanolamine diphosphate group. Based on these and published data on the O-polysaccharide structure, the full structure of the LPS of P. aeruginosa immunotype 5 was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. V. Bystrova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; fax: (7-095) 135-5328; E-mail:
- Research Center Borstel, Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel, D-23845, Germany
| | - B. Lindner
- Research Center Borstel, Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel, D-23845, Germany
| | - H. Moll
- Research Center Borstel, Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel, D-23845, Germany
| | - N. A. Kocharova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; fax: (7-095) 135-5328; E-mail:
| | - Y. A. Knirel
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; fax: (7-095) 135-5328; E-mail:
- Research Center Borstel, Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel, D-23845, Germany
| | - U. Zahringer
- Research Center Borstel, Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel, D-23845, Germany
| | - G. B. Pier
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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28
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Emerson RJ, Camesano TA. Nanoscale investigation of pathogenic microbial adhesion to a biomaterial. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:6012-22. [PMID: 15466545 PMCID: PMC522071 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.10.6012-6022.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections of medical implants occur in more than 2 million surgical cases each year in the United States alone. These increase patient morbidity and mortality, as well as patient cost and recovery time. Many treatments are available, but none are guaranteed to remove the infection. In many cases, the device infections are caused by the adhesion of microbes to the implant, ensuing growth, pathogenesis, and dissemination. The purpose of this work is to examine the initial events in microbial adhesion by simulating the approach and contact between a planktonic cell, immobilized on an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever, and a biomaterial or biofilm substrate. The two model microbes used in this study, Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 90018) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), were chosen for both their clinical relevance and their ease of acquisition and handling in the laboratory setting. Attractive interactions exist between C. parapsilosis and both unmodified silicone rubber and P. aeruginosa biofilms. Using C. parapsilosis cells immobilized on AFM cantilevers with a silicone substrate, we have measured attractive forces of 4.3 +/- 0.25 nN in the approach portion of the force cycle. On P. aeruginosa biofilms, the magnitude of the attractive force decreases to 2.0 +/- 0.40 nN and is preceded by a 2.0-nN repulsion at approximately 75 nm from the cell surface. These data suggest that C. parapsilosis may adhere to both silicone rubber and P. aeruginosa biofilms, possibly contributing to patient morbidity and mortality. Characterization of cell-biomaterial and cell-cell interactions allows for a quantitative link between the physicomechanical and physicochemical properties of implant materials and the nanoscale interactions leading to microbial colonization and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray J Emerson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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Leone S, Izzo V, Silipo A, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Molinaro A, Di Donato A. A novel type of highly negatively charged lipooligosaccharide from Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1 possessing two 4,6-O-(1-carboxy)-ethylidene residues in the outer core region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:2691-704. [PMID: 15206934 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas stutzeri OXI is a Gram-negative microorganism able to grow in media containing aromatic hydrocarbons. A novel lipo-oligosaccharide from P. stutzeri OX1 was isolated and characterized. For the first time, the presence of two moieties of 4,6-O-(1-carboxy)-ethylidene residues (pyruvic acid) was identified in a core region; these two residues were found to possess different absolute configuration. The structure of the oligosaccharide backbone was determined using either alkaline or acid hydrolysis. Alkaline treatment, aimed at recovering the complete carbohydrate backbone, was carried out by mild hydrazinolysis (de-O-acylation) followed by de-N-acylation using hot KOH. The lipo-oligosaccharide was also analyzed after acid treatment, attained by mild hydrolysis with acetic acid, to obtain information on the nature of the phosphate and acyl groups. The two resulting oligosaccharides were isolated by gel permeation chromatography, and investigated by compositional and methylation analyses, by MALDI mass spectrometry, and by 1H-, 31P- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. These experiments led to the identification of the major oligosaccharide structure representative of core region-lipid A. All sugars are D-pyranoses and alpha-linked, if not stated otherwise. Based on the structure found, the hypothesis can be advanced that pyruvate residues are used to block elongation of the oligosaccharide chain. This would lead to a less hydrophilic cellular surface, indicating an adaptive response of P. sutzeri OX1 to a hydrocarbon-containing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Leone
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Sabra W, Lünsdorf H, Zeng AP. Alterations in the formation of lipopolysaccharide and membrane vesicles on the surface of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 under oxygen stress conditions. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2003; 149:2789-2795. [PMID: 14523112 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been postulated that phenotypic variation in the relative expression of two chemically distinct types of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a serotype-specific LPS (B-band) and a common antigen LPS (A-band) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important mechanism enabling this opportunistic pathogen to alter its surface characteristics to mediate adhesion and to survive under extreme conditions. To further investigate this, the relative expression levels of the two distinct types of LPS in P. aeruginosa PAO1 were investigated with cells grown in a chemostat at different dissolved oxygen tensions (pO(2)). The A-band LPS was constitutively expressed as pO(2) was increased from nearly zero to 350 % of air saturation. In contrast, the B-band LPS showed a remarkable increase with increased pO(2). Almost no B-band LPS was found in cells grown at a pO(2) of less than 3 % of air saturation. Electron microscopic examination of cells revealed increased formation of membrane vesicles (MVs) on the surface of P. aeruginosa PAO1 under oxygen stress conditions. The toxicity of the supernatant of P. aeruginosa cultures to the growth of a hybridoma cell line significantly increased in samples taken from oxygen-stressed steady-state cultures. Furthermore, studies of adhesion in a continuous-flow biofilm culture revealed an increased adhesiveness for hydrophilic surfaces in P. aeruginosa PAO1 grown at a higher pO(2). The oxygen-dependent alterations of cell-surface components and properties observed in this work provide a possible explanation for the emergence of P. aeruginosa lacking the B-band LPS in chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients. The results are also useful for understanding the processes involved in the formation of MVs in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sabra
- GBF-German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H Lünsdorf
- GBF-German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A-P Zeng
- GBF-German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Kooistra O, Bedoux G, Brecker L, Lindner B, Sánchez Carballo P, Haras D, Zähringer U. Structure of a highly phosphorylated lipopolysaccharide core in the ΔalgC mutants derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild-type strains PAO1 (serogroup O5) and PAC1R (serogroup O3). Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:2667-77. [PMID: 14670725 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were isolated from rough-type mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Delta algC) derived from wild-type strains PAO1 (serogroup O5) and PAC1R (serogroup O3). Structural studies of the LPS core region with a special focus on the phosphorylation pattern were performed by 2D NMR spectroscopy, including a 1H,(31)P HMQC-TOCSY experiment, MALDI-TOF MS, and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance ESIMS using the capillary skimmer dissociation technique. Both LPS were found to contain two residues each of 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) and L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (Hep), one residue of N-(L-alanyl)-D-galactosamine and one O-carbamoyl group (Cm) on the distal Hep residue. The following structures of a tetrasaccharide trisphosphate from strain PAC1R Delta algC and that carrying an additional ethanolamine phosphate group (PEtN) from strain PAO1 Delta algC were elucidated: [carbohydrate structre: see text] where R=P in PAC1R Delta algC and PPEtN in PAO1 Delta algC. To our knowledge, in this work the presence of ethanolamine diphosphate is unambiguously confirmed and its position established for the first time in the LPS core of a rough-type strain of P. aeruginosa. In addition, the structure of the complete LPS core of wild-type strain P. aeruginosa PAO1 was reinvestigated and the position of the phosphorylation sites was revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kooistra
- Division of Immunochemistry, Research Center, Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
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Abstract
Antibodies directed to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigens have clearly shown to mediate the most effective immunity to infection caused by LPS-smooth strains. Such strains are major causes of disease in immunocompromised hosts such as burn or cancer patients, individuals in intensive care units, and those who utilize extended-wear contact lenses. Yet producing an effective vaccine composed of non-toxic, immunogenic polysaccharides has been challenging. The chemical diversity among the different O-antigens representative of the 20 major serotypes, plus additional diversity among some O-antigens representing variant subtype antigens, translates into a large degree of serologic variability that increases the complexity of O-antigen specific vaccines. Further complications come from the poor immunogenicity of the major protective epitope expressed by some O-antigens, and a large degree of diversity in animal responses that preclude predicting the optimal vaccine formulation from such studies. Nonetheless human trials over the years of vaccines eliciting O-antigen immunity have been encouraging, though no vaccine has yet been fully evaluated and found to be clinically efficacious. Newer vaccine approaches such as using polysaccharide-protein conjugates and passive therapy with monoclonal or polyclonal immune sera offer some additional means to try and produce an effective immunotherapeutic reagent for this problematic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald B Pier
- Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Bystrova OV, Lindner B, Moll H, Kocharova NA, Knirel YA, Zähringer U, Pier GB. Structure of the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O-12 with a randomly O-acetylated core region. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1895-905. [PMID: 12932374 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O-12 was studied by strong alkaline and mild acid degradations and dephosphorylation followed by fractionation of the products by GPC and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and analyses by ESI FT-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The structures of the lipopolysaccharide core and the O-polysaccharide repeating unit were elucidated and the site and the configuration of the linkage between the O-polysaccharide and the core established. The core was found to be randomly O-acetylated, most O-acetyl groups being located on the terminal rhamnose residue of the outer core region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Bystrova
- ND Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Bystrova OV, Lindner B, Moll H, Kocharova NA, Knirel YA, Zähringer U, Pier GB. Structure of the biological repeating unit of the O-antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 4 containing both 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose and 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1801-6. [PMID: 12892948 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A phosphorylated core-lipid A backbone oligosaccharide that carries a disaccharide remainder of the first O-antigen repeating unit was derived by strong alkaline degradation following mild hydrazinolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 4 (serogroup O-1). The structure of the oligosaccharide was determined using ESI MS and NMR spectroscopy and it was demonstrated that 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose is the first monosaccharide of the O-polysaccharide that is linked to the LPS core. These data define the structure of the biological repeating unit of the O-antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Bystrova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Frirdich E, Lindner B, Holst O, Whitfield C. Overexpression of the waaZ gene leads to modification of the structure of the inner core region of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, truncation of the outer core, and reduction of the amount of O polysaccharide on the cell surface. J Bacteriol 2003; 185:1659-71. [PMID: 12591884 PMCID: PMC148070 DOI: 10.1128/jb.185.5.1659-1671.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2002] [Accepted: 12/03/2002] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The waa gene cluster is responsible for the biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core region in Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Homologs of the waaZ gene product are encoded by the waa gene clusters of Salmonella enterica and E. coli strains with the K-12 and R2 core types. Overexpression of WaaZ in E. coli and S. enterica led to a modified LPS structure showing core truncations and (where relevant) to a reduction in the amount of O-polysaccharide side chains. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to determine the predominant LPS structures in an E. coli isolate with an R1 core (waaZ is lacking from the type R1 waa gene cluster) with a copy of the waaZ gene added on a plasmid. Novel truncated LPS structures, lacking up to 3 hexoses from the outer core, resulted from WaaZ overexpression. The truncated molecules also contained a KdoIII residue not normally found in the R1 core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilisa Frirdich
- Department of Microbiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Bystrova OV, Shashkov AS, Kocharova NA, Knirel YA, Lindner B, Zähringer U, Pier GB. Structural studies on the core and the O-polysaccharide repeating unit of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1 lipopolysaccharide. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:2194-203. [PMID: 11985598 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1 was studied after mild acid and strong alkaline degradations by MS and NMR spectroscopy. Three types of LPS molecules were found, including those with an unsubstituted glycoform 1 core (A) or an isomeric glycoform 2 core substituted with one O-polysaccharide repeating unit (B) or with a long-chain O-polysaccharide. Therefore, of two core glycoforms, only glycoform 2 accepts the O-polysaccharide. In the structures A and B, Kdo, Hep, Hep7Cm, GalNAcAN3Ac, GalNFoAN, QuiNAc, GalNAla represent 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, 7-O-carbamoyl-l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, 2-acetamido-3-O-acetyl-2-deoxygalacturonamide, 2-formamido-2-deoxygalacturonamide, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxyglucose and 2-(l-alanylamino)-2-deoxygalactose, respectively; all sugars are in the pyranose form and have the d configuration unless otherwise stated. One or more phosphorylation sites may be occupied by diphosphate groups. In a minority of the LPS molecules, an O-acetyl group is present in the outer core region at unknown position. The site and the configuration of the linkage between the O-polysaccharide and the core and the structure of the O-polysaccharide repeating unit were defined in P. aeruginosa immunotype 1. The QuiNAc residue linked to the Rha residue of the core was found to have the beta configuration, whereas in the interior repeating units of the O-polysaccharide this residue is in the alpha-configuration. The data obtained are in accordance with the initiation of biosynthesis of the O-polysaccharide of P. aeruginosa O6, which is closely related to immunotype 1, by transfer of d-QuiNAc-1-P to undecaprenyl phosphate followed by synthesis of the repeating O-antigen tetrasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Bystrova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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