1
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Zhu T, Zhao J, Liu J, Tian S, Li S, Yuan H. Advances in the role of ion channels in leukemia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33452. [PMID: 39027429 PMCID: PMC11254732 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are widely present in cell membranes, serving as crucial pathways for the movement of ions enter and exit cells. Variations in the expression of ion channels are crucial for regulating cellular functions. Among the genes associated with leukemia, certain genes encode ion channels. When these ion channels experience dysfunction or changes in expression, they can impact the physiological functions and signal transduction of hematopoietic cells, thereby regulating leukemia cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion/migration, and apoptosis. This article will provide a comprehensive review of the research progress on the expression and function of various ion channels in leukemia, thoroughly exploring their roles and mechanisms in the onset and progression of the disease, providing new insights and ideas for identifying potential biomarkers and developing new treatment methods for leukemia, thereby promoting innovations in future leukemia diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjie Zhu
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jinnan Liu
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Siyu Tian
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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2
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Capitani C, Chioccioli Altadonna G, Santillo M, Lastraioli E. Ion channels in lung cancer: biological and clinical relevance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1283623. [PMID: 37942486 PMCID: PMC10627838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1283623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in treatment, lung cancer is still a major health problem worldwide. Among lung cancer subtypes, the most frequent is represented by adenocarcinoma (belonging to the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer class) although the most challenging and harder to treat is represented by Small Cell Lung Cancer, that occurs at lower frequency but has the worst prognosis. For these reasons, the standard of care for these patients is represented by a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. In this view, searching for novel biomarkers that might help both in diagnosis and therapy is mandatory. In the last 30 years it was demonstrated that different families of ion channels are overexpressed in both lung cancer cell lines and primary tumours. The altered ion channel profile may be advantageous for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes since most of them are localised on the plasma membrane thus their detection is quite easy, as well as their block with specific drugs and antibodies. This review focuses on ion channels (Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Chloride, Anion and Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors) in lung cancer (both Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Small Cell Lung Cancer) and recapitulate the up-to-date knowledge about their role and clinical relevance for a potential use in the clinical setting, for lung cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Capitani
- General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ginevra Chioccioli Altadonna
- General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Santillo
- General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Lastraioli
- General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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3
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El Harchi A, Hancox JC. hERG agonists pose challenges to web-based machine learning methods for prediction of drug-hERG channel interaction. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 123:107293. [PMID: 37468081 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological blockade of the IKr channel (hERG) by diverse drugs in clinical use is associated with the Long QT Syndrome that can lead to life threatening arrhythmia. Various computational tools including machine learning models (MLM) for the prediction of hERG inhibition have been developed to facilitate the throughput screening of drugs in development and optimise thus the prediction of hERG liabilities. The use of MLM relies on large libraries of training compounds for the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modelling of hERG inhibition. The focus on inhibition omits potential effects of hERG channel agonist molecules and their associated QT shortening risk. It is instructive, therefore, to consider how known hERG agonists are handled by MLM. Here, two highly developed online computational tools for the prediction of hERG liability, Pred-hERG and HergSPred were probed for their ability to detect hERG activator drug molecules as hERG interactors. In total, 73 hERG blockers were tested with both computational tools giving overall good predictions for hERG blockers with reported IC50s below Pred-hERG and HergSPred cut-off threshold for hERG inhibition. However, for compounds with reported IC50s above this threshold such as disopyramide or sotalol discrepancies were observed. HergSPred identified all 20 hERG agonists selected as interacting with the hERG channel. Further studies are warranted to improve online MLM prediction of hERG related cardiotoxicity, by explicitly taking into account channel agonism as well as inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza El Harchi
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, The University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Jules C Hancox
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, The University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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4
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Wei M, Wang P, Zhu X, Morishima M, Liu Y, Zheng M, Liu G, Osanai H, Yoshimura K, Kume S, Kurokawa T, Ono K. Electrophysiological evaluation of an anticancer drug gemcitabine on cardiotoxicity revealing down-regulation and modification of the activation gating properties in the human rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280656. [PMID: 36730356 PMCID: PMC9894456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is an antineoplastic drug commonly used in the treatment of several types of cancers including pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Although gemcitabine-induced cardiotoxicity is widely recognized, the exact mechanism of cardiac dysfunction causing arrhythmias remains unclear. The objective of this study was to electrophysiologically evaluate the proarrhythmic cardiotoxicity of gemcitabine focusing on the human rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel, hERG channel. In heterologous hERG expressing HEK293 cells (hERG-HEK cells), hERG channel current (IhERG) was reduced by gemcitabine when applied for 24 h but not immediately after the application. Gemcitabine modified the activation gating properties of the hERG channel toward the hyperpolarization direction, while inactivation, deactivation or reactivation gating properties were unaffected by gemcitabine. When gemcitabine was applied to hERG-HEK cells in combined with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase, gemcitabine was unable to reduce IhERG or shift the activation properties toward the hyperpolarization direction. While a mannosidase I inhibitor kifunensine alone reduced IhERG and the reduction was even larger in combined with gemcitabine, kifunensine was without effect on IhERG when hERG-HEK cells were pretreated with gemcitabine for 24 h. In addition, gemcitabine down-regulated fluorescence intensity for hERG potassium channel protein in rat neonatal cardiomyocyte, although hERG mRNA was unchanged. Our results suggest the possible mechanism of arrhythmias caused by gemcitabine revealing a down-regulation of IhERG through the post-translational glycosylation disruption possibly at the early phase of hERG channel glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum that alters the electrical excitability of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Xiufang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Masaki Morishima
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yangong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hiroki Osanai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kenshi Yoshimura
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kume
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kurokawa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Katsushige Ono
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- * E-mail:
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5
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Veldhuizen J, Mann HF, Karamanova N, Van Horn WD, Migrino RQ, Brafman D, Nikkhah M. Modeling long QT syndrome type 2 on-a-chip via in-depth assessment of isogenic gene-edited 3D cardiac tissues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq6720. [PMID: 36525500 PMCID: PMC9757749 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiovascular disease characterized by QT interval prolongation that can lead to sudden cardiac death. Many mutations with heterogeneous mechanisms have been identified in KCNH2, the gene that encodes for hERG (Kv11.1), which lead to onset of LQTS type 2 (LQTS2). In this work, we developed a LQTS2-diseased tissue-on-a-chip model, using 3D coculture of isogenic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) within an organotypic microfluidic chip technology. Primarily, we created a hiPSC line with R531W mutation in KCNH2 using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technique and characterized the resultant differentiated CMs and CFs. A deficiency in hERG trafficking was identified in KCNH2-edited hiPSC-CMs, revealing a possible mechanism of R531W mutation in LQTS2 pathophysiology. Following creation of a 3D LQTS2 tissue-on-a-chip, the tissues were extensively characterized, through analysis of calcium handling and response to β-agonist. Furthermore, attempted phenotypic rescue via pharmacological intervention of LQTS2 on a chip was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimeson Veldhuizen
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Helen F. Mann
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Nina Karamanova
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
| | - Wade D. Van Horn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Raymond Q. Migrino
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - David Brafman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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6
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Borowicz-Reutt K, Banach M. Ranolazine Interacts Antagonistically with Some Classical Antiepileptic Drugs-An Isobolographic Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248955. [PMID: 36558088 PMCID: PMC9784994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ranolazine, an antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug blocking slow inactivating persistent sodium currents, is described as a compound with anticonvulsant potential. Since arrhythmia often accompanies seizures, patients suffering from epilepsy are frequently co-treated with antiepileptic and antiarrhythmic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ranolazine on maximal-electroshock (MES)-induced seizures in mice as well as interactions between ranolazine and classical antiepileptic drugs in this model of epilepsy. Types of pharmacodynamic interactions were established by isobolographic analysis of obtained data. The main findings of the study were that ranolazine behaves like an antiseizure drug in the MES test. Moreover, ranolazine interacted antagonistically with carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbital in the proportions of 1:3 and 1:1. These interactions occurred pharmacodynamic, since ranolazine did not change the brain levels of antiepileptic drugs measured in the fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Ranolazine and its combinations with carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbital did not impair motor coordination evaluated in the chimney test. Unfortunately, an attempt to conduct a passive avoidance task (evaluating long-term memory) resulted in ranolazine-induced delayed lethality. In conclusion, ranolazine exhibits clear-cut anticonvulsant properties in the MES test but interacts antagonistically with some antiepileptic drugs. The obtained results need confirmation in clinical studies. The mechanisms of ranolazine-induced toxicity require specific explanation.
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7
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Molecular Determinants for the High-Affinity Blockade of Human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene K + Channel by Tolterodine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:679-689. [PMID: 35881423 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tolterodine is a first-line antimuscarinic drug used to treat overactive bladder. Adverse cardiac effects including tachycardia and palpitations have been observed, presumably because of its inhibition of the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) K + channel. However, the molecular mechanism of hERG channel inhibition by tolterodine is largely unclear. In this study, we performed molecular docking to identify potential binding sites of tolterodine in hERG channel, and two-microelectrode voltage-clamp to record the currents of hERG and its mutants expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The results of computational modeling demonstrated that phenylalanine at position 656 (F656) and tyrosine at position 652 (Y652) on the S6 helix of hERG channel are the most favorable binding residues of tolterodine, which was validated by electrophysiological recordings on Y652A and F656A hERG mutants. The Y652A and F656A mutations decreased inhibitory potency of tolterodine 345-fold and 126-fold, respectively. The Y652A mutation significantly altered the voltage dependence of channel inhibition by tolterodine. For both the wild-type and the mutant channels, tolterodine reduced the currents in a time-dependent manner, and the blockade occurred with the channel activated. Tolterodine did not interfere with hERG channel deactivation, whereas channel inactivation greatly impaired its blocking effect. The inhibition of hERG channel by tolterodine is independent of its action on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. In conclusion, tolterodine is an open-state blocker of hERG K + channel with nanomolar potency. Y652 and F656, 2 aromatic residues on the inner S6 helix, are responsible for the high-affinity binding of tolterodine to hERG channel.
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8
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El Harchi A, Brincourt O. Pharmacological activation of the
hERG
K
+
channel for the management of the long
QT
syndrome: A review. J Arrhythm 2022; 38:554-569. [PMID: 35936037 PMCID: PMC9347208 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human heart, the rapid delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr) contributes significantly to ventricular action potential (AP) repolarization and to set the duration of the QT interval of the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). The pore‐forming (α) subunit of the IKr channel is encoded by KCNH2 or human ether‐à‐go‐go‐related gene 1 (hERG1). Impairment of hERG function through either gene mutation (congenital) or pharmacological blockade by diverse drugs in clinical use (acquired) can cause a prolongation of the AP duration (APD) reflected onto the surface ECG as a prolonged QT interval or Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). LQTS can increase the risk of triggered activity of ventricular cardiomyocytes and associated life‐threatening arrhythmia. Current treatments all focus on reducing the incidence of arrhythmia or terminating it after its onset but there is to date no prophylactic treatment for the pharmacological management of LQTS. A new class of hERG modulators (agonists) have been suggested through direct interaction with the hERG channel to shorten the action potential duration (APD) and/or increase the postrepolarisation refractoriness period (PRRP) of ventricular cardiomyocytes protecting thereby against triggered activity and associated arrhythmia. Although promising drug candidates, there remain major obstacles to their clinical development. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest advances as well as the limitations of this proposed pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza El Harchi
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building University of Bristol, University Walk Bristol UK
| | - Oriane Brincourt
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building University of Bristol, University Walk Bristol UK
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9
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Wang M, Ma Y, Shen Z, Jiang L, Zhang X, Wei X, Han Z, Liu H, Yang T. Mapping the Knowledge of Antipsychotics-Induced Sudden Cardiac Death: A Scientometric Analysis in CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:925583. [PMID: 35873271 PMCID: PMC9300900 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.925583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The drugs on the market for schizophrenia are first-generation and second-generation antipsychotics. Some of the first-generation drugs have more side effects than the other drugs, so they are gradually no longer being applied clinically. Years of research have shown that the risk of sudden cardiac death in psychotic patients is associated with drug use, and antipsychotic drugs have certain cardiotoxicity and can induce arrhythmias. The mechanism of antipsychotic-induced sudden cardiac death is complicated. Highly cited papers are among the most commonly used indicators for measuring scientific excellence. This article presents a high-level analysis of highly cited papers using Web of Science core collection databases, scientometrics methods, and thematic clusters. Temporal dynamics of focus topics are identified using a collaborative network (author, institution, thematic clusters, and temporal dynamics of focus topics are identified), keyword co-occurrence analysis, co-citation clustering, and keyword evolution. The primary purpose of this study is to discuss the visual results, summarize the research progress, and predict the future research trends by bibliometric methods of CiteSpace and VOSviewer. This study showed that a research hotspot is that the mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, the safety monitoring, and the assessment of the risk-benefit during clinical use of some newer antipsychotics, clozapine and olanzapine. We discussed relevant key articles briefly and provided ideas for future research directions for more researchers to conduct related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Yixun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Zefang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Lufang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqi Han
- Institute for Digital Technology and Law, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China.,The CUPL Scientometrics and Evaluation Center of Rule of Law, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Institute for Digital Technology and Law, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China.,The CUPL Scientometrics and Evaluation Center of Rule of Law, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
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10
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Ishida A, Okabe Y, Matsushita T, Sekiguchi T, Nishio T, Komagata T, Iwaki M, Miyata H, Katagi J, Naganawa A, Maruyama T, Imagawa A. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel somatostatin receptor subtype-2 agonists: Optimization for potency and risk mitigation of hERG and phospholipidosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 49:116424. [PMID: 34626901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin receptors are members of G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. Receptors can be classified into five subtypes, SSTR1 to 5. The highly potent and orally active SSTR2 agonist 7, which had been identified by our group, was found out to have toxicological liabilities such as hERG inhibition and phospholipidosis (PLD). We investigated the relationship between in silico physicochemical properties and hERG and PLD, and explored well-balanced agonists to identify amide 19 and benzimidazole 30. As a result of this exploration, we found out that the value of (cLogP) [2] + (pKa) [2] needs to be less than 110 to mitigate the liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiharu Ishida
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Okabe
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsushita
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sekiguchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Nishio
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Komagata
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwaki
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Hidenori Miyata
- Safety Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Katagi
- Safety Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Naganawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Imagawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
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11
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Zequn Z, Jiangfang L. Molecular Insights Into the Gating Kinetics of the Cardiac hERG Channel, Illuminated by Structure and Molecular Dynamics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:687007. [PMID: 34168566 PMCID: PMC8217747 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.687007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current generated by the cardiac hERG potassium channel encoded by KCNH2 is the most important reserve current for cardiac repolarization. The unique inward rectification characteristics of the hERG channel depend on the gating regulation, which involves crucial structural domains and key single amino acid residues in the full-length hERG channel. Identifying critical molecules involved in the regulation of gating kinetics for the hERG channel requires high-resolution structures and molecular dynamics simulation models. Based on the latest progress in hERG structure and molecular dynamics simulation research, summarizing the molecules involved in the changes in the channel state helps to elucidate the unique gating characteristics of the channel and the reason for its high affinity to cardiotoxic drugs. In this review, we aim to summarize the significant advances in understanding the voltage gating regulation of the hERG channel based on its structure obtained from cryo-electron microscopy and computer simulations, which reveal the critical roles of several specific structural domains and amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zequn
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lian Jiangfang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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12
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Ríos-Pérez EB, Liu F, Stevens-Sostre WA, Eichel CA, Silignavong J, Robertson GA. A stable cell line inducibly expressing hERG1a/1b heteromeric channels. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 110:107081. [PMID: 34058320 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterologously expressed hERG channels represent a mainstay of in vitro drug safety screens intended to mitigate risk of cardiac IKr block and sudden cardiac death. This is true even as more channel types are adopted as part of the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) intended to elevate specificity and thus enhance throughput of promising lead drugs. Until now, hERG1a homomeric channels have been used as a proxy for IKr despite a wealth of evidence showing that hERG1a/1b heteromers better represent native channels in terms of protein abundance and channel biophysical and pharmacological properties. Past efforts to create a stable hERG1a/1b cell line were met with unpredictable silencing of hERG1b expression despite stable integration of the gene into the HEK293 cell genome. Here we report a new cell line stably expressing hERG1a, with hERG1b reliably controlled by an inducible promoter sensitive to doxycycline. Co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot analysis and patch-clamp electrophysiology confirm the heteromeric composition of the expressed channels. Association with hERG1b was found to promote hERG1a protein levels and enhance membrane current levels. Optimal conditions for drug screening and experimental investigation were achieved at 24 h exposure to 100 ng/ml doxycycline. Differences in pharmacological sensitivity between homomeric and heteromeric channels were observed for dofetilide and ebastine, but not fluoxetine, as evaluated by their IC50 values. Using these values in the O'Hara-Rudy-CiPA in silico model revealed discrepancies in pro-arrhythmia risk, implying the hERG1a homomeric platform overestimates risk for these two drugs. Dofetilide block was use-dependent and faster for hERG1a/1b than hERG1a channels, whereas ebastine showed considerable block at rest and had a slower progression for hERG1a/1b channels. The hERG1a/1b cell line thus represents an advanced model for contemporary drug safety screening assays such as CiPA that employ IC50 values to estimate risk of proarrhythmia in computational models of ventricular cardiomyocytes. This novel technology fulfills an unmet need to enhance specificity and foster a safe yet expanded drug development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick B Ríos-Pérez
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave. #5505, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Fang Liu
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave. #5505, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Whitney A Stevens-Sostre
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave. #5505, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Catherine A Eichel
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave. #5505, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Silignavong
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave. #5505, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Gail A Robertson
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave. #5505, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America.
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Naglah AM, Moustafa GO, Elhenawy AA, Mounier MM, El-Sayed H, Al-Omar MA, Almehizia AA, Bhat MA. N α-1, 3-Benzenedicarbonyl-Bis-(Amino Acid) and Dipeptide Candidates: Synthesis, Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Molecular Docking Investigation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1315-1332. [PMID: 33790542 PMCID: PMC8006965 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s276504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of our work was to prepare a potent and safe antimicrobial and anticancer agents, through synthesis of several peptides and examine their biological activities, namely as, cytotoxically potent and antimicrobial and antifungal agents. Introduction Multidrug-resistant microbial strains have arisen against all antibiotics in clinical use. Infections caused by these bacteria threaten global public health and are associated with high mortality rates. Methods The main backbone structure for the novel synthesized linear peptide is Nα-1, 3-benzenedicarbonyl-bis-(Amino acids)-X, (3–11). A computational docking study against DNA gyrase was performed to formulate a mode of action of the small compounds as antimicrobial agents. Results The peptide-bearing methionine-ester (4) exhibited potent antimicrobial activity compared to the other synthesized compounds, while, peptide (8), which had methionine-hydrazide fragment was the most potent as antifungal agent against Aspergillus niger with 100% inhibition percent. Compounds (6 and 7) showed the highest potency against breast human tumor cell line “MCF-7” with 95.1% and 79.8% of cell inhibition, respectively. The nine compounds possessed weak to moderate antiproliferative effect over colon tumor cell line. The docking results suggest good fitting through different hydrogen bond interactions with the protein residues. In silico ADMET study also evaluated and suggested that these compounds had promising oral bioavailability features. Conclusion The tested compounds need further modification to have significant antimicrobial and antitumor efficacy compared to the reference drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gaber O Moustafa
- Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elhenawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys'Branch), Cairo, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa M Mounier
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba El-Sayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashooq A Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Pensel MC, Nass RD, Taubøll E, Aurlien D, Surges R. Prevention of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: current status and future perspectives. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:497-508. [PMID: 32270723 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1754195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) affects about 1 in 1000 people with epilepsy, and even more in medically refractory epilepsy. As most people are between 20 and 40 years when dying suddenly, SUDEP leads to a considerable loss of potential life years. The most important risk factors are nocturnal and tonic-clonic seizures, underscoring that supervision and effective seizure control are key elements for SUDEP prevention. The question of whether specific antiepileptic drugs are linked to SUDEP is still controversially discussed. Knowledge and education about SUDEP among health-care professionals, patients, and relatives are of outstanding importance for preventive measures to be taken, but still poor and widely neglected.Areas covered: This article reviews epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, assessment of individual SUDEP risk and available measures for SUDEP prevention. Literature search was done using Medline and Pubmed in October 2019.Expert opinion: Significant advances in the understanding of SUDEP were made in the last decade which allow testing of novel strategies to prevent SUDEP. Promising current strategies target neuronal mechanisms of brain stem dysfunction, cardiac susceptibility for fatal arrhythmias, and reliable detection of tonic-clonic seizures using mobile health technologies.Abbreviations: AED, antiepileptic drug; CBZ, carbamazepine; cLQTS, congenital long QT syndrome; EMU, epilepsy monitoring unit; FBTCS, focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures; GTCS, generalized tonic-clonic seizures; ICA, ictal central apnea; LTG, lamotrigine; PCCA, postconvulsive central apnea; PGES, postictal generalized EEG suppression; SRI, serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SUDEP, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy; TCS, tonic-clonic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik Taubøll
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Aurlien
- Neuroscience Research Group and Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Rainer Surges
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Negami T, Araki M, Okuno Y, Terada T. Calculation of absolute binding free energies between the hERG channel and structurally diverse drugs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16586. [PMID: 31719645 PMCID: PMC6851376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes a voltage-gated potassium channel that plays an essential role in the repolarization of action potentials in cardiac muscle. However, various drugs can block the ion current by binding to the hERG channel, resulting in potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia. Accordingly, in silico studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms of how these drugs bind to the hERG channel. Here, we used the experimental structure of the hERG channel, determined by cryo-electron microscopy, to perform docking simulations to predict the complex structures that occur between the hERG channel and structurally diverse drugs. The absolute binding free energies for the models were calculated using the MP-CAFEE method; calculated values were well correlated with experimental ones. By applying the regression equation obtained here, the affinity of a drug for the hERG channel can be accurately predicted from the calculated value of the absolute binding free energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Negami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Araki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tohru Terada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. .,Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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16
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Elhenawy AA, Al-Harbi LM, El-Gazzar MA, Khowdiary MM, Moustfa A. Synthesis, molecular properties and comparative docking and QSAR of new 2-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetic acid derivatives as possible anticancer agents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 218:248-262. [PMID: 31003050 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel coumarin amino acid derivatives were synthesized. The structure of synthesized compounds has established on basis of different spectral data. The optimization geometry, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), thermodynamic parameters and chemical reactivity, were discussed using DFT\B3LYP by 6-311G* basis set, to identify a clear view for inter and intramolecular interaction of tested compounds. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) has plotted to investigate a recognition manner of synthesized compounds upon COX-2 receptor. All tested compounds showed a promising (NLOs) nonlinear optical properties. Bond dissociation energy (BDE) has studied to investigate a potency of these molecules against autoxidation mechanism Polynomial molecular docking logarithms have performed into the COX-2 active site for tested compounds. The docking protocol that has low RMSD has selected for discussion the binding affinity. The compounds with a high docking score 3,4,6-8,10 and 11 were selected for additional study against ADMET insilico, which showed that these compounds are a good oral bioavailability without observed carcinogenesis affect. The compounds (3,4,6-8,10 and 11) which that passed through docking and ADMET profile have examined their potency against (MCF-7) breast cancer cell in vitro. The compound 7 showed a highest potency against MCF-7 with IC50 value 0.39 μM. The QSAR model has created to discover the structural necessity inhibition of MCF-7. The derived QSAR model has a statistically significant with a good predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Elhenawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys Branch), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - L M Al-Harbi
- King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A El-Gazzar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys Branch), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M Khowdiary
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Applied Surfactant Laboratory, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Um El Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Moustfa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys Branch), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Elhenawy AA, Al-Harbi LM, Moustafa GO, El-Gazzar MA, Abdel-Rahman RF, Salim AE. Synthesis, comparative docking, and pharmacological activity of naproxen amino acid derivatives as possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:1773-1790. [PMID: 31213767 PMCID: PMC6540076 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s196276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Naproxen is a member of the Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This work aimed to synthesize a safe NSAID agent based on a peptide derivative. Methods: The structure of compounds 5–20 was established on the basis of spectral data. Frontier molecular orbitals and chemical reactivity were discussed to clarify inter- and intramolecular interactions among tested compounds. We applied competitive molecular docking using polynomial logarithms to identify the most accurate algorithm for pharmacological activity prediction for the tested compounds. The docking protocol with the lowest RMSD was selected for analyzing binding affinity. Results: Docking results illustrated that the binding interaction increased after introduction of an acidic fragment to the parent compound. These compounds were selected for additional study against adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) in silico. The compounds tested had good oral bioavailability without any carcinogenesis effect; no marked health effects were observed via rodent toxicity. Compounds passed through docking and ADMET profiles for them (5–16) were examined as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Compounds 8 and 16 showed higher anti-inflammatory potency than the reference drug and tested compounds. Compounds 8, 10, and 14 exhibited the highest analgesic potency compared to the other tested compounds. Conclusion: The tested compounds have shown negligible ulcerogenic effects, and may be considered safer drugs than naproxen for treating inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Elhenawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys' Branch), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - L M Al-Harbi
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber O Moustafa
- Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - M A El-Gazzar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys' Branch), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Abd Elhamid Salim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys' Branch), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Kumar T, Jha K, Sharan A, Sakshi P, Kumar S, Kumari A. Study of the effect of obesity on QT-interval among adults. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:1626-1629. [PMID: 31198727 PMCID: PMC6559070 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_168_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity affects the different organ systems of human body and has been recognized as a risk factor for the development of many diseases. Most of the cardiovascular diseases develop due to obesity which reflects alterations in either cardiac morphology or conduction defects. These abnormalities are reflected in ECG as prolongation of various intervals. Prolongation of QT-interval has been found to be associated with ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of obesity on QT-interval to assess the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in early stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 cases and 80 controls, which included adults of 18-40 years age groups from both sexes. The cases were obese [body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2] and the controls were nonobese (BMI < 25 kg/m2). ECG of the cases and controls was recorded and their QT-intervals were calculated and analyzed with BMI by independent samples test. RESULTS We found significantly higher QT-intervals in obese group in comparison to that of nonobese group (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Obesity was found to be associated with prolongation of QT-interval among young obese adults. This prolongation of QT-interval duration increases the possibility of left ventricular enlargement and ventricular fibrillation. Hence the present study helps in creating awareness among obese people so that they can change their lifestyle in order to prevent the onset of the deleterious effects of obesity on their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kamlesh Jha
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ashok Sharan
- Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Pooja Sakshi
- Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shishir Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Amita Kumari
- Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Vesely P, Stracina T, Hlavacova M, Halamek J, Kolarova J, Olejnickova V, Mrkvicova V, Paulova H, Novakova M. Haloperidol affects coupling between QT and RR intervals in guinea pig isolated heart. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 139:23-28. [PMID: 30528680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged QT interval is an independent risk factor for development of ventricular arrhythmias. Haloperidol is one of the drugs inducing QT prolongation. Previous studies showed that haloperidol affects not only QT duration but also heart rate (RR interval). The present work focused on relationship between QT and RR and its changes under acute and chronic haloperidol administration. The study included 14 male guinea pigs divided into control and haloperidol-treated group. After 21-days administration of haloperidol or vehiculum, electrograms in isolated hearts were recorded. QT/RR and dQT/dRR coupling were calculated. Chronic haloperidol administration significantly decreases the coupling between QT and RR. Acute haloperidol exposure significantly decreases the dQT/dRR coupling in both treated and untreated guinea pig hearts. Flatter QT/RR relationship reveals a lack of QT adaptation to increased heart rate. It should be emphasized that in such situation ECG recording will not show significant QT prolongation evaluated according to clinical rules. However, if QT interval does not adapt to increased heart rate sufficiently, the risk of ventricular arrhythmias may be increased despite practically normal QT interval length. The results are supported by findings in biochemical analyses, which proved eligibility of the used model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vesely
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor Stracina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslava Hlavacova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Halamek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kolarova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Olejnickova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Mrkvicova
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation (KFDR), St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Paulova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Novakova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Abdelmawla N, Mitchell AJ. Sudden cardiac death and antipsychotics. Part 1: Risk factors and mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/apt.12.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mortality from causes other than suicide is higher than expected in schizophrenia. Cardiovascular causes are most common, accounting for the majority of the 5% of sudden and unexpected deaths. Most cases have no clear explanation on post-mortem examination (‘sudden unexplained deaths’) and are thought to result from fatal arrhythmias. Prospective studies show that people with prolongation of the QT interval beyond 500 ms are at increased risk of serious arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia and torsade de pointes. In about 1 in 10 cases, the torsade is fatal. Most antipsychotics prolong the QTc interval in overdose but some prolong it even at therapeutic doses. Droperidol, sertindole and ziprasidone extend the QT interval by an average of 15–35 ms; quetiapine, haloperidol and olanzapine by 5 ms, to 15 ms. There is only an approximate relationship between QT prolongation and risk of sudden death, and the risk related to antipsychotics is thought to increase in people with pre-existing cardiac disease, those taking multiple QT-acting drugs and those taking antipsychotics at high dose for long periods. There is little evidence of an association with route of administration. More data are required to clarify to what extent people with mental health difficulties who die suddenly have pre-existing cardiac disease.
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21
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Lai MC, Hung TY, Lin KM, Sung PS, Wu SJ, Yang CS, Wu YJ, Tsai JJ, Wu SN, Huang CW. Sodium Metabisulfite: Effects on Ionic Currents and Excitotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2017; 34:1-15. [PMID: 29188487 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
How sodium metabisulfite (SMB; Na2S2O5), a popular food preservative and antioxidant, interacts with excitable membrane and induces excitotoxicity is incompletely understood. In this study, the patch-clamp technique was used to investigate and record the electrophysiological effect of SMB on electrically excitable HL-1 cardiomyocytes and NSC-34 neurons, as well as its relationship to pilocarpine-induced seizures and neuronal excitotoxicity in rats. We used Western blotting, to analyze sodium channel expression on hippocampi after chronic SMB treatment. It was found that voltage-gated Na+ current (I Na) was stimulated, and current inactivation and deactivation were slowed in SMB-treated (30 μM) HL-1 cardiomyocytes. SMB-induced increases of I Na were attenuated in cells treated with ranolazine (10 μM) or eugenol (30 μM). The current-voltage relationship of I Na shifted to slightly more negative potentials in SMB-treated cells, the peak I Na with an EC50 value of 18 μM increased, and the steady-state inactivation curve of I Na shifted to a more positive potential. However, the tail component of the rapidly activating delayed-rectifier K+ current (I Kr) was dose-dependently inhibited. Cell-attached voltage-clamp recordings in SMB-treated cells showed that the frequency of action currents and prolonged action potential were higher. In SMB-treated NSC-34 neurons, the peak I Na was higher; however, neither the time to peak nor the inactivation time constant (I Na) changed. Pilocarpine-induced seizures were exacerbated, and acute neuronal damage and chronic mossy fiber sprouting increased in SMB-treated rats. Western blotting showed higher expression of the sodium channel in cells after chronic SMB treatment. We conclude that SMB contributes to the sodium channel-activating mechanism through which it alters cellular excitability and excitotoxicity in wide-spectrum excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chi Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yu Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Min Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Shan Sung
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jong Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jane Tsai
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Khan AM, Shawon J, Halim MA. Multiple receptor conformers based molecular docking study of fluorine enhanced ethionamide with mycobacterium enoyl ACP reductase (InhA). J Mol Graph Model 2017; 77:386-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Song T, Zhang Y, Song Q, Han X, Guan S, Zhang X, Chu X, Zhang F, Zhang J, Chu L. Bufalin, a bufanolide steroid from the parotoid glands of the Chinese toad, suppresses hERG K + currents expressed in HEK293 cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 31:695-700. [PMID: 28755515 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of bufalin on the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) K+ channels using the perforated patch recording technique. We measured a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 24.83 μM and maximal inhibitory effect of 39.45 ± 1.14% with bufalin. These findings suggest that bufalin is a potent hERG K+ channel blocker and may provide a new way for understanding Chan Su-induced arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Qiongtao Song
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Han
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Li Chu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
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Harmer SC, Tinker A. The impact of recent advances in genetics in understanding disease mechanisms underlying the long QT syndromes. Biol Chem 2017; 397:679-93. [PMID: 26910742 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Long QT syndrome refers to a characteristic abnormality of the electrocardiogram and it is associated with a form of ventricular tachycardia known as torsade-de-pointes and sudden arrhythmic death. It can occur as part of a hereditary syndrome or can be acquired usually because of drug administration. Here we review recent genetic, molecular and cellular discoveries and outline how they have furthered our understanding of this disease. Specifically we focus on compound mutations, genome wide association studies of QT interval, modifier genes and the therapeutic implications of this recent work.
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Akinrinde AS, Omobowale O, Oyagbemi A, Asenuga E, Ajibade T. Protective effects of kolaviron and gallic acid against cobalt-chloride-induced cardiorenal dysfunction via suppression of oxidative stress and activation of the ERK signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1276-1284. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt (Co) toxicity is a potential public health problem due to recent renewed use of Co in orthopedic implants, dietary supplements, and blood doping in athletes and horses. We investigated the protective roles of kolaviron (KV), a bi-flavonoid of Garcinia kola, and gallic acid (GA) on cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced cardiorenal damage in rats. CoCl2 caused significant increases (p < 0.05) in serum creatine kinase–myocardial band (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), xanthine oxidase (XO), urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde, H2O2, nitric oxide, as well as C-reactive protein expression, along with significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cardiac and renal expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. KV and GA prevented the toxic effects of CoCl2 by stimulating ERK expression and reversing Co-induced biochemical changes. Administration of CoCl2 alone did not significantly alter ECG patterns in the rats, although co-treatment with KV (200 mg/kg) produced QT-segment prolongation and also appeared to potentiate Co hypotension. Histopathology of the heart and kidneys of rats treated with KV and GA confirmed the biochemical data. KV and GA thus protected against cardiac and renal damage in Co intoxication via antioxidant and (or) cell survival mechanisms, possibly involving ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria
| | - Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria
| | - Ademola Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa Asenuga
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria
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Aurlien D, Gjerstad L, Taubøll E. The role of antiepileptic drugs in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Seizure 2016; 43:56-60. [PMID: 27886630 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) primarily affects young adults and is the leading cause of death related directly to seizures. High frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures is the most important risk factor, and effective seizure protection is probably the most important measure to prevent these tragic deaths. For several years a potential role of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has been discussed, but at present there is wide agreement that choice of AED therapy does not influence the risk. However, although it is well known that the efficacy and safety profiles of AEDs may differ significantly when used in the treatment of genetic epilepsy compared to symptomatic or cryptogenic epilepsy, this has generally been overlooked in epidemiologic studies of possible relationships between AEDs and SUDEP. Consequently important information about drug safety may have been lost. This review challenges the current view that no AED can increase the risk of SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag Aurlien
- Neuroscience Research Group and Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Leif Gjerstad
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Taubøll
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Cubeddu LX. Drug-induced Inhibition and Trafficking Disruption of ion Channels: Pathogenesis of QT Abnormalities and Drug-induced Fatal Arrhythmias. Curr Cardiol Rev 2016; 12:141-54. [PMID: 26926294 PMCID: PMC4861943 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160301120217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk of severe and fatal ventricular arrhythmias, presenting as Torsade de Pointes (TdP), is increased in congenital and acquired forms of long QT syndromes (LQTS). Drug-induced inhibition of K+ currents, IKs, IKr, IK1, and/or Ito, delay repolarization, prolong QT, and increase the risk of TdP. Drug-induced interference with IKr is the most common cause of acquired LQTS/TdP. Multiple drugs bind to KNCH2-hERG-K+ channels affecting IKr, including antiarrythmics, antibiotics, antivirals, azole-antifungals, antimalarials, anticancer, antiemetics, prokinetics, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Azithromycin has been recently added to this list. In addition to direct channel inhibition, some drugs interfere with the traffic of channels from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane, decreasing mature channel membrane density; e.g., pentamidine, geldalamicin, arsenic trioxide, digoxin, and probucol. Other drugs, such as ketoconazole, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, donepezil, tamoxifen, endoxifen, atazanavir, and roxitromycin, induce both direct channel inhibition and impaired channel trafficking. Although many drugs prolong the QT interval, TdP is a rare event. The following conditions increase the risk of drug-induced TdP: a) Disease states/electrolyte levels (heart failure, structural cardiac disease, bradycardia, hypokalemia); b) Pharmacogenomic variables (presence of congenital LQTS, subclinical ion-channel mutations, history of or having a relative with history of drug-induced long QT/TdP); c) Pharmacodynamic and kinetic factors (high doses, women, elderly, metabolism inhibitors, combining two or more QT prolonging drugs, drugs that prolong the QT and increase QT dispersion, and drugs with multiple actions on ion channels). Because most of these conditions are preventable, careful evaluation of risk factors and increased knowledge of drug use associated with repolarization abnormalities are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi X Cubeddu
- Division of Cardio-Metabolic Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S. University Dr., Davie, FL, 333218, USA.
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Mainolfi N, Powers J, Meredith E, Elliott J, Gunderson KG, Poor S, Liu F, Anderson K. Core Replacements in a Potent Series of VEGFR-2 Inhibitors and Their Impact on Potency, Solubility, and hERG. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:357-62. [PMID: 27096041 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-VEGF therapy has been a clinically validated treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We have recently reported the discovery of indole based oral VEGFR-2 inhibitors that provide sustained ocular retention and efficacy in models of wet-AMD. We disclose herein the synthesis and the biological evaluation of a series of novel core replacements as an expansion of the reported indole based VEGFR-2 inhibitor series. Addition of heteroatoms to the existing core and/or rearranging the heteroatoms around the 6-5 bicyclic ring structure produced a series of compounds that generally retained good on-target potency and an improved solubility profile. The hERG affinity was proven not be dependent on the change in lipophilicity through alteration of the core structure. A serendipitous discovery led to the identification of a new indole-pyrimidine connectivity: from 5-hydroxy to 6-hydroxyindole with potentially vast implication on the in vitro/in vivo properties of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nello Mainolfi
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Powers
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erik Meredith
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason Elliott
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Karl G. Gunderson
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen Poor
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Karen Anderson
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Aurlien D, Olsen TR, Taubøll E, Gjerstad L, Lossius MI, Nakken KO. Plutselig, uventet epilepsirelatert død. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2016; 136:131-5. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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30
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Gualdani R, Tadini-Buoninsegni F, Roselli M, Defrenza I, Contino M, Colabufo NA, Lentini G. Inhibition of hERG potassium channel by the antiarrhythmic agent mexiletine and its metabolite m-hydroxymexiletine. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00160. [PMID: 26516576 PMCID: PMC4618635 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mexiletine is a sodium channel blocker, primarily used in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated its therapeutic value to treat myotonic syndromes and to relieve neuropathic pain. The present study aims at investigating the direct blockade of hERG potassium channel by mexiletine and its metabolite m-hydroxymexiletine (MHM). Our data show that mexiletine inhibits hERG in a time- and voltage-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 3.7 ± 0.7 μmol/L. Analysis of the initial onset of current inhibition during a depolarizing test pulse indicates mexiletine binds preferentially to the open state of the hERG channel. Looking for a possible mexiletine alternative, we show that m-hydroxymexiletine (MHM), a minor mexiletine metabolite recently reported to be as active as the parent compound in an arrhythmia animal model, is a weaker hERG channel blocker, compared to mexiletine (IC50 = 22.4 ± 1.2 μmol/L). The hERG aromatic residues located in the S6 helix (Tyr652 and Phe656) are crucial in the binding of mexiletine and the different affinities of mexiletine and MHM with hERG channel are interpreted by modeling their corresponding binding interactions through ab initio calculations. The simulations demonstrate that the introduction of a hydroxyl group on the meta-position of the aromatic portion of mexiletine weakens the interaction of the drug xylyloxy moiety with Tyr652. These results provide further insights into the molecular basis of drug/hERG interactions and, in agreement with previously reported results on clofilium and ibutilide analogs, support the possibility of reducing hERG potency and related toxicity by modifying the aromatic pattern of substitution of clinically relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Gualdani
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, 50019, Italy
| | - Francesco Tadini-Buoninsegni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, 50019, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Roselli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro" via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Ivana Defrenza
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro" via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro" via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro" via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro" via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
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Stracina T, Slaninova I, Polanska H, Axmanova M, Olejnickova V, Konecny P, Masarik M, Krizanova O, Novakova M. Long-Term Haloperidol Treatment Prolongs QT Interval and Increases Expression of Sigma 1 and IP3 Receptors in Guinea Pig Hearts. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 236:199-207. [PMID: 26094568 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.236.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Haloperidol is a neuroleptic drug used for a medication of various psychoses and deliria. Its administration is frequently accompanied by cardiovascular side effects, expressed as QT interval prolongation and occurrence of even lethal arrhythmias. Despite these side effects, haloperidol is still prescribed in Europe in clinical practice. Haloperidol binds to sigma receptors that are coupled with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors. Sigma receptors are expressed in various tissues, including heart muscle, and they modulate potassium channels. Together with IP3 receptors, sigma receptors are also involved in calcium handling in various tissues. Therefore, the present work aimed to study the effects of long-term haloperidol administration on the cardiac function. Haloperidol (2 mg/kg once a day) or vehiculum was administered by intraperitoneal injection to guinea pigs for 21 consecutive days. We measured the responsiveness of the hearts isolated from the haloperidol-treated animals to additional application of haloperidol. Expression of the sigma 1 receptor and IP3 receptors was studied by real time-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. Haloperidol treatment caused the significant decrease in the relative heart rate and the prolongation of QT interval of the isolated hearts from the haloperidol-treated animals, compared to the hearts isolated from control animals. The expression of sigma 1 and IP3 type 1 and type 2 receptors was increased in both atria of the haloperidol-treated animals but not in ventricles. The modulation of sigma 1 and IP3 receptors may lead to altered calcium handling in cardiomyocytes and thus contribute to changed sensitivity of cardiac cells to arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Stracina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University
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Placing ion channels into a signaling network of T cells: from maturing thymocytes to healthy T lymphocytes or leukemic T lymphoblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:750203. [PMID: 25866806 PMCID: PMC4383400 DOI: 10.1155/2015/750203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T leukemogenesis is a multistep process, where the genetic errors during T cell maturation cause the healthy progenitor to convert into the leukemic precursor that lost its ability to differentiate but possesses high potential for proliferation, self-renewal, and migration. A new misdirecting "leukemogenic" signaling network appears, composed by three types of participants which are encoded by (1) genes implicated in determined stages of T cell development but deregulated by translocations or mutations, (2) genes which normally do not participate in T cell development but are upregulated, and (3) nondifferentially expressed genes which become highly interconnected with genes expressed differentially. It appears that each of three groups may contain genes coding ion channels. In T cells, ion channels are implicated in regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, activation, migration, and cell death. In the present review we are going to reveal a relationship between different genetic defects, which drive the T cell neoplasias, with calcium signaling and ion channels. We suggest that changes in regulation of various ion channels in different types of the T leukemias may provide the intracellular ion microenvironment favorable to maintain self-renewal capacity, arrest differentiation, induce proliferation, and enhance motility.
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Mitcheson J, Arcangeli A. The Therapeutic Potential of hERG1 K+ Channels for Treating Cancer and Cardiac Arrhythmias. ION CHANNEL DRUG DISCOVERY 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735087-00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
hERG potassium channels present pharmacologists and medicinal chemists with a dilemma. On the one hand hERG is a major reason for drugs being withdrawn from the market because of drug induced long QT syndrome and the associated risk of inducing sudden cardiac death, and yet hERG blockers are still widely used in the clinic to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Moreover, in the last decade overwhelming evidence has been provided that hERG channels are aberrantly expressed in cancer cells and that they contribute to tumour cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and neoangiogenesis. Here we provide an overview of the properties of hERG channels and their role in excitable cells of the heart and nervous system as well as in cancer. We consider the therapeutic potential of hERG, not only with regard to the negative impact due to drug induced long QT syndrome, but also its future potential as a treatment in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mitcheson
- University of Leicester, Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building University Road Leicester LE1 9HN UK
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence Viale GB Morgagni, 50 50134 Firenze Italy
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Oransay K, Hocaoglu N, Buyukdeligoz M, Tuncok Y, Kalkan S. The role of adenosine receptors and endogenous adenosine in citalopram-induced cardiovascular toxicity. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 46:378-85. [PMID: 25097274 PMCID: PMC4118529 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.135948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated the role of adenosine in citalopram-induced cardiotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Protocol 1: Rats were randomized into four groups. Sodium cromoglycate was administered to rats. Citalopram was infused after the 5% dextrose, 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; A1 receptor antagonist), 8-(-3-chlorostyryl)-caffeine (CSC; A2a receptor antagonist), or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) administrations. Protocol 2: First group received 5% dextrose intraperitoneally 1 hour prior to citalopram. Other rats were pretreated with erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA; inhibitor of adenosine deaminase) and S-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI; inhibitor of facilitated adenosine transport). After pretreatment, group 2 received 5% dextrose and group 3 received citalopram. Adenosine concentrations, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), QRS duration and QT interval were evaluated. Results: In the dextrose group, citalopram infusion caused a significant decrease in MAP and HR and caused a significant prolongation in QRS and QT. DPCPX infusion significantly prevented the prolongation of the QT interval when compared to control. In the second protocol, citalopram infusion did not cause a significant change in plasma adenosine concentrations, but a significant increase observed in EHNA/NBTI groups. In EHNA/NBTI groups, citalopram-induced MAP and HR reductions, QRS and QT prolongations were more significant than the dextrose group. Conclusions: Citalopram may lead to QT prolongation by stimulating adenosine A1 receptors without affecting the release of adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Oransay
- Department of Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nil Hocaoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mujgan Buyukdeligoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yesim Tuncok
- Department of Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sule Kalkan
- Department of Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
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Muscatello MRA, Bruno A, Micali Bellinghieri P, Pandolfo G, Zoccali RA. Sertindole in schizophrenia: efficacy and safety issues. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:1943-53. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.947960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Shin DS, Park MJ, Lee HA, Lee JY, Chung HC, Yoo DS, Chae CH, Park SJ, Kim KS, Bae MA. A novel assessment of nefazodone-induced hERG inhibition by electrophysiological and stereochemical method. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 274:361-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Du C, El Harchi A, Zhang H, Hancox JC. Modification by KCNE1 variants of the hERG potassium channel response to premature stimulation and to pharmacological inhibition. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00175. [PMID: 24400172 PMCID: PMC3871485 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of cardiac rapid delayed rectifier K(+) current (I Kr) channels, which play important roles in ventricular repolarization, in protecting the myocardium from unwanted premature stimuli, and in drug-induced Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). KCNE1, a small transmembrane protein, can coassemble with hERG. However, it is not known how KCNE1 variants influence the channel's response to premature stimuli or if they influence the sensitivity of hERG to pharmacological inhibition. Accordingly, whole-cell patch-clamp measurements of hERG current (I hERG) were made at 37°C from hERG channels coexpressed with either wild-type (WT) KCNE1 or with one of three KCNE1 variants (A8V, D76N, and D85N). Under both conventional voltage clamp and ventricular action potential (AP) clamp, the amplitude of I hERG was smaller for A8V, D76N, and D85N KCNE1 + hERG than for WT KCNE1 + hERG. Using paired AP commands, with the second AP waveform applied at varying time intervals following the first to mimic premature ventricular excitation, the response of I hERG carried by each KCNE1 variant was reduced compared to that with WT KCNE1 + hERG. The I hERG blocking potency of the antiarrhythmic drug quinidine was similar between WT KCNE1 and the three KCNE1 variants. However, the I hERG inhibitory potency of the antibiotic clarithromycin and of the prokinetic drug cisapride was altered by KCNE1 variants. These results demonstrate that naturally occurring KCNE1 variants can reduce the response of hERG channels to premature excitation and also alter the sensitivity of hERG channels to inhibition by some drugs linked to acquired LQTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Du
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K
| | - Aziza El Harchi
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jules C Hancox
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol Bristol, BS8 1TD, U.K
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Abstract
Ion channels and transporters are expressed in every living cell, where they participate in controlling a plethora of biological processes and physiological functions, such as excitation of cells in response to stimulation, electrical activities of cells, excitation-contraction coupling, cellular osmolarity, and even cell growth and death. Alterations of ion channels/transporters can have profound impacts on the cellular physiology associated with these proteins. Expression of ion channels/transporters is tightly regulated and expression deregulation can trigger abnormal processes, leading to pathogenesis, the channelopathies. While transcription factors play a critical role in controlling the transcriptome of ion channels/transporters at the transcriptional level by acting on the 5'-flanking region of the genes, microribonucleic acids (miRNAs), a newly discovered class of regulators in the gene network, are also crucial for expression regulation at the posttranscriptional level through binding to the 3'untranslated region of the genes. These small noncoding RNAs fine tune expression of genes involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. Recent studies revealed the role of miRNAs in regulating expression of ion channels/transporters and the associated physiological functions. miRNAs can target ion channel genes to alter cardiac excitability (conduction, repolarization, and automaticity) and affect arrhythmogenic potential of heart. They can modulate circadian rhythm, pain threshold, neuroadaptation to alcohol, brain edema, etc., through targeting ion channel genes in the neuronal systems. miRNAs can also control cell growth and tumorigenesis by acting on the relevant ion channel genes. Future studies are expected to rapidly increase to unravel a new repertoire of ion channels/transporters for miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Wang
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Vieweg WVR, Hasnain M, Howland RH, Clausen T, Koneru JN, Kogut C, Crouse ELB, Hancox JC, Fernandez A, Pandurangi AK. Methadone, QTc interval prolongation and torsade de pointes: Case reports offer the best understanding of this problem. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2013; 3:219-32. [PMID: 24167694 PMCID: PMC3805428 DOI: 10.1177/2045125312469982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the literature and found 31 adult cases and 1 newborn case of methadone-associated QTc interval prolongation and/or torsade de pointes (TdP). Parametric statistics may not be useful in studying this issue because methadone-associated TdP is a very rare event and, hence, "an extreme outlier" consistent with scalable randomness. We may have to rely upon narrative medicine in the form of case reports with all its limitations and hazards to provide our best understanding. We report risk factors for methadone-associated QTc interval prolongation and TdP based on review of published case reports. We believe both drug manufacturers and the FDA would better serve our patients and inform clinicians if they more readily reported drug-induced outliers such as methadone-associated TdP using a case report format.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Victor R Vieweg
- Departments of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Moore PW, Donovan JW, Burkhart KK, Haggerty D. A case series of patients with lamotrigine toxicity at one center from 2003 to 2012. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2013; 51:545-9. [PMID: 23869656 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2013.818685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lamotrigine is a phenyltriazine compound that inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, decreasing release of glutamate and aspartate, and inhibits serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake. Reports of toxicity in the literature are limited to case reports and primarily involve coingestants. This case series is intended to report the clinical manifestations of lamotrigine toxicity. METHODS This retrospective case series from 2003 to 2012 studies the effects of lamotrigine toxicity when not confounded by coingestants. Admission records at an inpatient toxicology center were reviewed for lamotrigine-only exposure based on history with supporting laboratory data when available. After identification, these charts were reviewed again to characterize vital signs, neurological examination findings, specific laboratory and electrocardiography parameters, and complications. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were identified with possible lamotrigine toxicity. Nine patients, including three toddlers, had lamotrigine-only ingestions. Three of these patients had seizures, four were hypertensive, five were tachycardic, and four experienced tachypnea. Mental status was altered in all nine (depressed (n = 4), agitated (n = 5) or both (n = 3)). Five patients were hyperreflexic and experienced intermittent myoclonus, and two had inducible clonus. On electrocardiogram, two patients experienced QRS prolongation (114-116 ms), and four had QTc prolongation (463-586 ms). No patient had life-threatening symptoms or signs. Serum levels of lamotrigine were available in seven patients, and averaged 35.4 mg/L (17-90 mg/L). The therapeutic range for sLTG is 3-14 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS Lamotrigine toxicity manifested with minor-moderate neurologic and/or electrocardiographic effects. Toxicity reflects the known pharmacologic actions of lamotrigine: serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibition, and sodium channel blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Moore
- PinnacleHealth Toxicology Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Harrisburg, PA 17101, USA.
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Moskovitz JB, Hayes BD, Martinez JP, Mattu A, Brady WJ. Electrocardiographic implications of the prolonged QT interval. Am J Emerg Med 2013; 31:866-71. [PMID: 23602761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The QT interval measures the time from the start of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave. Prolongation of the QT interval may lead to malignant ventricular tachydysrhythmias, including torsades de pointes. Causes of QT prolongation include congenital abnormalities of the sodium or potassium channel, electrolyte abnormalities, and medications; idiopathic causes have also been identified. Patients can be asymptomatic or present with syncope, palpitations, seizure-like activity, or sudden cardiac death. Management involves looking for and treating reversible causes. For patients with congenital or idiopathic QT interval prolongation, the use of beta-blockers can be considered. Certain subsets of patients benefit from implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator. Clinicians must remain vigilant for QT interval prolongation when interpreting electrocardiograms, especially in patients presenting with syncope or ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Moskovitz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Feldman AE, Gidal BE. QTc prolongation by antiepileptic drugs and the risk of torsade de pointes in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 26:421-6. [PMID: 23218812 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most common epilepsy-related cause of death. While the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SUDEP are still uncertain, impaired cardiac function including seizure-induced arrhythmias has received increased attention. In addition, the potential role of antiepileptic drugs has been suggested. While the preponderance of clinical data would suggest that use of most antiepileptic drugs does not pose excessive additional risk of QT prolongation, available data also do not provide sufficient evidence that these drugs are entirely free of risk in all patients. In particular, the potential for these medications, either alone or in combination, to prolong the QT interval should be considered. This review will discuss mechanisms for drug-induced QT prolongation and its relationship to potentially fatal arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Feldman
- Abbott Northwestern Hospital, part of Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA.
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Waheed N, Butt M, Dayan C. Hypoglycaemia documented with real-time continuous glucose sensing in a case of ‘dead in bed’ syndrome. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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El Harchi A, Melgari D, Zhang YH, Zhang H, Hancox JC. Action potential clamp and pharmacology of the variant 1 Short QT Syndrome T618I hERG K⁺ channel. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52451. [PMID: 23300672 PMCID: PMC3530446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The familial Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. Gain-of-function mutations in the hERG K(+) channel protein have been linked to variant 1 of the SQTS. A hERG channel pore (T618I) mutation has recently been identified in families with heritable SQTS. This study aimed to determine effects of the T618I-hERG mutation on (i) hERG current (I(hERG)) elicited by ventricular action potentials; (ii) the sensitivity of I(hERG) to inhibition by four clinically used antiarrhythmic drugs. METHODS Electrophysiological recordings of I(hERG) were made at 37°C from HEK 293 cells expressing wild-type (WT) or T618I hERG. Whole-cell patch clamp recording was performed using both conventional voltage clamp and ventricular action potential (AP) clamp methods. RESULTS Under conventional voltage-clamp, WT I(hERG) peaked at 0-+10 mV, whilst for T618I I(hERG) maximal current was right-ward shifted to ∼ +40 mV. Voltage-dependent activation and inactivation of T618I I(hERG) were positively shifted (respectively by +15 and ∼ +25 mV) compared to WT I(hERG). The I(hERG) 'window' was increased for T618I compared to WT hERG. Under ventricular AP clamp, maximal repolarising WT I(hERG) occurred at ∼ -30 mV, whilst for T618I hERG peak I(hERG) occurred earlier during AP repolarisation, at ∼ +5 mV. Under conventional voltage clamp, half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) for inhibition of I(hERG) tails by quinidine, disopyramide, D-sotalol and flecainide for T618I hERG ranged between 1.4 and 3.2 fold that for WT hERG. Under action potential voltage clamp, T618I IC(50)s ranged from 1.2 to 2.0 fold the corresponding IC(50) values for WT hERG. CONCLUSIONS The T618I mutation produces a more modest effect on repolarising I(hERG) than reported previously for the N588K-hERG variant 1 SQTS mutation. All drugs studied here appear substantially to retain their ability to inhibit I(hERG) in the setting of the SQTS-linked T618I mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza El Harchi
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Melgari
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Hong Zhang
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jules C. Hancox
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Karamatskos E, Lambert M, Mulert C, Naber D. Drug safety and efficacy evaluation of sertindole for schizophrenia. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2012; 11:1047-62. [PMID: 22992213 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2012.726984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the progress in antipsychotic treatment, modern antipsychotic medication is still associated with side effects, reduced compliance, drug discontinuation and insufficient effects on negative and cognitive symptoms. Sertindole is an antipsychotic compound, with high affinity for dopamine D(2), serotonin 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2C) and α(1)-adrenergic receptors, which has been reintroduced in the market after extended re-evaluation of its safety and risk-benefit profile. AREAS COVERED Sertindole's pharmacological profile, pharmacokinetics, neuophysiological properties, efficacy on positive, negative and cognitive symptoms and safety issues are covered in this article, based on a literature review from 1990 to 2012. EXPERT OPINION Based on five double-blind, randomized, placebo-, haloperidol- or risperidone-controlled studies in patients with schizophrenia, sertindole shows a comparable efficacy with haloperidol and risperidone on positive symptoms, while the effect on negative symptoms seems to be superior. Sertindole is generally well tolerated, but is associated with a dose-related QTc interval prolongation (+22 ms). Risk factors for drug-induced arrhythmia, such as cardiac diseases, congenital long QT syndrome, prolongated QTc at baseline, etc. and drug interactions should be considered before prescribing sertindole. To minimize cardiovascular risk, regular ECG recording is required. Sertindole can be an important second-line option for the treatment of schizophrenia for patients intolerant to at least one other antipsychotic. Further comparison with other SGAs and investigations on subgroups (e.g., children, elderly, first-episode, treatment-refractory patients, etc.) are still needed for a precise understanding of the therapeutic benefits and its role in schizophrenia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karamatskos
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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The actions of mdivi-1, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, on rapidly activating delayed-rectifier K+ current and membrane potential in HL-1 murine atrial cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 683:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ramirez FD, Femenía F, Simpson CS, Redfearn DP, Michael KA, Baranchuk A. Electrocardiographic findings associated with cocaine use in humans: a systematic review. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2012; 10:105-27. [PMID: 22149529 DOI: 10.1586/erc.11.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine remains highly prevalent and accessible in the general population, continues to represent one of the most commonly reported substances in drug-related presentations to emergency departments, and is frequently implicated in drug-related deaths. Fatal cardiac arrhythmias are often suspected in the latter cases. In spite of this, its complex effects on the human cardiac conduction system remain poorly elucidated. In this article we sought to systematically review the medical literature to identify the electrocardiographic findings that have been linked to cocaine use in humans in an effort to highlight what physicians can expect to encounter when managing patients using the drug. The evidence is discussed, common findings are emphasized and clinical recommendations are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Daniel Ramirez
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Arrhythmia Service, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
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Mercuro G, Bassareo PP, Flore G, Fanos V, Dentamaro I, Scicchitano P, Laforgia N, Ciccone MM. Prematurity and low weight at birth as new conditions predisposing to an increased cardiovascular risk. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 20:357-67. [PMID: 22345683 DOI: 10.1177/2047487312437058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the survival rate for preterm subjects has improved considerably, due to the progress in the field of perinatal medicine, preterm birth is frequently the cause underlying a series of notorious complications: morphological, neurological, ophthalmological, and renal alterations. In addition, it has recently been demonstrated how low gestational age and reduced foetal growth contribute towards an increased cardiovascular risk in preterm neonates. In fact, cardiovascular mortality is higher among former preterm adults than those born at term. This condition is referred to as cardiovascular perinatal programming. In the light of the above, an early, constant, and prolonged cardiological followup programme should be implemented in former preterm individuals. The aim of this paper was to perform a comprehensive literature review about two new emerging conditions predisposing to an increased cardiovascular risk: prematurity and low weight at birth.
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Abstract
KCNE2, originally designated MinK-related peptide 1 (MiRP1), belongs to a five-strong family of potassium channel ancillary (β) subunits that, despite the diminutive size of the family and its members, has loomed large in the field of ion channel physiology. KCNE2 dictates K (+) channel gating, conductance, α subunit composition, trafficking and pharmacology, and also modifies functional properties of monovalent cation-nonselective HCN channels. The Kcne2 (-/-) mouse exhibits cardiac arrhythmia and hypertrophy, achlorhydria, gastric neoplasia, hypothyroidism, alopecia, stunted growth and choroid plexus epithelial dysfunction, illustrating the breadth and depth of the influence of KCNE2, mutations which are also associated with human cardiac arrhythmias. Here, the modus operandi and physiological roles of this potent regulator of membrane excitability and ion secretion are reviewed with particular emphasis on the ability of KCNE2 to shape the electrophysiological landscape of both excitable and non-excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Abbott
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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