1
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Ono J, Okada Y, Kanri Y, Sano H, Hasegawa H. Immunohistochemical Study of Differential Expressions of CAR, E-Cadherin, CK-13, -17, p53 and Ki-67 in Oral Lichen Planus, Lichenoid Lesion and Lichenoid Epithelial Dysplasia. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.30.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ono
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Yasuo Okada
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Yoriaki Kanri
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Hiroto Sano
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Hitoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
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2
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Nagao Y. The role of dentists in controlling hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:113. [PMID: 33335576 PMCID: PMC7739865 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, the method of treatment for hepatitis is well established due to the high rates of hepatitis C. However, the identification of patients with hepatitis who do not receive appropriate treatment poses a major problem. Some patients with this disease may need to consult with a dentist due to the development of extrahepatic manifestations, such as lichen planus, in the oral cavity. Alternatively, the dentist might discover patients with untreated hepatitis C and hepatitis B during routine dental examination. In such cases, the patient should be referred to a hepatologist for further examinations and treatment. Thus, dentists are required to act as 'gatekeepers of hepatitis'. Furthermore, Japanese dentists need to increase hepatitis B vaccine coverage for infection control. By acting as a 'care coordinator of hepatitis', the dentist will be able to contribute to the eradication of liver cancer in Japan, thereby eliminating the discrimination and prejudice against patients with hepatitis. Dentists need to have a deep understanding of liver disease from the viewpoints of both nosocomial infection control and treatment of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Nagao
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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3
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Georgescu SR, Tampa M, Mitran MI, Mitran CI, Sarbu MI, Nicolae I, Matei C, Caruntu C, Neagu M, Popa MI. Potential pathogenic mechanisms involved in the association between lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1045-1051. [PMID: 30679972 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that particularly affects the skin and mucous membranes. Its etiology remains elusive, however some trigger factors, including viral or bacterial antigens, drugs and metals, have been postulated. There is a higher prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients with LP, with some geographical variations. HCV is an enveloped RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family and in most instances causes chronic liver infections. It has been hypothesized that HCV may contribute to LP development, but the link between the two disorders is not fully understood. It is still debatable whether HCV leads to the occurrence of LP lesions directly by replication inside the infected cells or indirectly by activating immunological pathways. Molecular studies have revealed HCV RNA in specimens collected from patients with LP. The autoimmune theory was also suggested given that several studies have revealed viral replication and immune response activation associated with autoantibody synthesis. The aim of this review is to summarize the main potential mechanisms involved in the association between LP and HCV infection. Understanding the link between the two disorders may shed some light on the pathogenesis of LP, which is a challenging issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, 'Victor Babes' Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, 'Victor Babes' Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- Department of Dermatology, 'Victor Babes' Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Microbiology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- Department of Dermatology, 'Victor Babes' Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Microbiology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Isabela Sarbu
- Department of Dermatology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Department of Dermatology, 'Victor Babes' Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Dermatology, 'Prof. N. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Physiology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Immunology, 'Victor Babes' National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Biology University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Ioan Popa
- Department of Microbiology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,'Cantacuzino' National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Nagao Y, Kawahigashi Y, Kimura K, Sata M. Effect of Oral Care Gel for Burning Mouth Syndrome in a Patient with Hepatitis C: A Case Report. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2017; 11:480-487. [PMID: 29033766 PMCID: PMC5624280 DOI: 10.1159/000479495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a burning sensation in the mouth with no underlying dental or medical cause. To date, there is no satisfactory treatment for BMS. Herein, we present the case of a 42-year-old female presenting with hepatitis C virus infection along with BMS. Despite two interferon therapies and a sustained virologic response, the discomfort in her oral mucosa persisted. At the age of 51, the patient complained of burning sensation and tingling pain in the tongue; a thin layer of REFRECARE-H®, an oral care gel (therapeutic dentifrice), was applied on the oral membrane after each meal for 60 days. Application of REFRECARE-H® decreased the various symptoms including tingling pain, oral discomfort, breath odor, sleep disorder, depressive mood, and jitteriness. The improvement in quality of life continued for 30 days after application of the gel. These findings indicate that REFRECARE-H® may be effective in reducing the symptoms associated with BMS. Long-term follow-up studies with larger number of patients are required to elucidate the therapeutic effects of this gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Nagao
- Department of Organ System Interactions and Information, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuji Kawahigashi
- Department of Organ System Interactions and Information, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kanae Kimura
- Department of Organ System Interactions and Information, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Michio Sata
- Nishinihon Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.,Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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5
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Tang L, Marcell L, Kottilil S. Systemic manifestations of hepatitis C infection. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:29. [PMID: 27222662 PMCID: PMC4878040 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is a common infection affecting 185 million people worldwide. The most common manifestation of chronic HCV is progressive liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, several systemic manifestations of HCV have been recognized and reported in the literature. The purpose of this review is to assimilate published literature based on evidence to categorize these extrahepatic manifestations with the likelihood of a causal association with HCV. Exciting recent developments have resulted in simple all oral interferon-free highly effective therapy for HCV. However, this treatment is also expensive and less accessible to most affected individuals as treatment recommendations are based on stage of liver fibrosis. Expanding the scope of HCV therapy to those with extrahepatic manifestations beyond what is currently recommended will significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality in this aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Tang
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W Lombard St, Room S222, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lauren Marcell
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W Lombard St, Room S222, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W Lombard St, Room S222, Baltimore, MD USA
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6
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Sherman AC, Sherman KE. Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C infection: navigating CHASM. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2016. [PMID: 26208812 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-015-0274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the importance of extrahepatic systemic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. While most HCV literature focuses on liver injury and fibrosis progression, a spectrum of systemic disease processes, collectively called C hepatitis-associated systemic manifestations (CHASMs), are present in a high proportion of infected persons. These include thyroid disease (Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves disease, and thyroid cancer), cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis, carotid artery disease, and coronary artery disease), renal disease (MPGN and glomerulosclerosis), eye disease (Mooren's ulcers and sicca syndrome), skin disease (PCT, vasculitis, and lichen planus), lymphomas (NHL and splenic T-cell), and diabetes. Mechanistic understanding of how HCV leads to CHASM processes could lead to development of new interventions. The role of early HCV treatment and cure may result in preventive strategies for a variety of complex disease states. Key Points • Systemic extrahepatic complications of HCV comprise a spectrum of disease states in many organs and systems.• Effective treatment of HCV may reduce or eliminate some but not all of these systemic complications.• Further research into early treatment intervention as a prevention strategy for systemic disease is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Sherman
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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7
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Gerayli S, Meshkat Z, Pasdar A, Mosannen Mozafari P, Banihashemi E, Khajavi MA, Rasekhi J. The association between oral lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection; a report from northeast of iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e16741. [PMID: 26034540 PMCID: PMC4449850 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8(4)2015.16741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and oral lichen planus (OLP)
has been the focus of many studies. Fifteen percent of HCV infections lead to sets of
extrahepatic manifestations including lichen planus (LP). The prevalence of HCV is
heavily influenced by geographical location. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between OLP and HCV infection in Mashhad,
northeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were taken from 134 OLP patients and 134 healthy controls (without OLP)
to screen for anti-HCV by ELISA (third generation) and reverse transcription polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) for HCV-RNA. Results: Of the 134 OLP patients only three (2.23 %) had HCV infection where both anti-HCV and
HCV-RNA were positive. All controls were negative for both anti-HCV and HCV-RNA (P =
0.082). Conclusions: Our investigation illustrated that the prevalence of hepatitis C was higher among OLP
patients compared to the control group. These findings are in line with previous results
that reported a hepatitis C prevalence of 0.19% among the general population of
Mashhad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gerayli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi
University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad
University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of
Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of
Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Pegah Mosannen Mozafari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, School of
Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Pegah Mosannen Mozafari, Oral
and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of
Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5138829501, Fax: +98-5138829500, E-mail:
| | - Elham Banihashemi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, School of
Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khajavi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, School of
Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Javid Rasekhi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, School of
Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
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8
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Ferri C, Sebastiani M, Giuggioli D, Colaci M, Fallahi P, Piluso A, Antonelli A, Zignego AL. Hepatitis C virus syndrome: A constellation of organ- and non-organ specific autoimmune disorders, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancer. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:327-43. [PMID: 25848462 PMCID: PMC4381161 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical course of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by possible development of both liver and extrahepatic disorders. The tropism of HCV for the lymphoid tissue is responsible for several immune-mediated disorders; a poly-oligoclonal B-lymphocyte expansion, commonly observed in a high proportion of patients with HCV infection, are responsible for the production of different autoantibodies and immune-complexes, such as mixed cryoglobulins. These serological alterations may characterize a variety of autoimmune or neoplastic diseases. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis due to small-vessel deposition of circulating mixed cryoglobulins is the prototype of HCV-driven immune-mediated and lymphoproliferative disorders; interestingly, in some cases the disease may evolve to frank malignant lymphoma. In addition, HCV shows an oncogenic potential as suggested by several clinico-epidemiological and laboratory studies; in addition to hepatocellular carcinoma that represents the most frequent HCV-related malignancy, a causative role of HCV has been largely demonstrated in a significant percentage of patients with isolated B-cells non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The same virus may be also involved in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid cancer, a rare neoplastic condition that may complicate HCV-related thyroid involvement. Patients with HCV infection are frequently asymptomatic or may develop only hepatic alteration, while a limited but clinically relevant number can develop one or more autoimmune and/or neoplastic disorders. Given the large variability of their prevalence among patients' populations from different countries, it is possible to hypothesize a potential role of other co-factors, i.e., genetic and/or environmental, in the pathogenesis of HCV-related extra-hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodoveo Ferri
- Clodoveo Ferri, Marco Sebastiani, Dilia Giuggioli, Michele Colaci, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Sebastiani
- Clodoveo Ferri, Marco Sebastiani, Dilia Giuggioli, Michele Colaci, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Clodoveo Ferri, Marco Sebastiani, Dilia Giuggioli, Michele Colaci, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Colaci
- Clodoveo Ferri, Marco Sebastiani, Dilia Giuggioli, Michele Colaci, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Clodoveo Ferri, Marco Sebastiani, Dilia Giuggioli, Michele Colaci, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Piluso
- Clodoveo Ferri, Marco Sebastiani, Dilia Giuggioli, Michele Colaci, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Clodoveo Ferri, Marco Sebastiani, Dilia Giuggioli, Michele Colaci, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- Clodoveo Ferri, Marco Sebastiani, Dilia Giuggioli, Michele Colaci, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
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9
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Lichen planus induced by pegylated interferon alfa-2a therapy in a patient monitored for delta hepatitis. Case Rep Infect Dis 2015; 2015:389131. [PMID: 25821612 PMCID: PMC4363583 DOI: 10.1155/2015/389131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons are used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. They can induce or exacerbate some skin disorders, such as lichen planus. In this study, as we know, we presented the first case developing lichen planus while receiving interferon treatment due to delta hepatitis. A 31-year-old male patient presented to our outpatient clinic with HBsAg positivity. With his analyses, HBV DNA was negative, anti-delta total was positive, ALT was 72 U/L (upper limit 41 U/L), and platelet was 119 000/mm3. He was therefore started on subcutaneous pegylated interferon alfa-2a therapy at 180 mcg/week for delta hepatitis. At month 4 of therapy, the patient developed diffuse eroded lace-like lesions in oral mucosa, white plaques on lips, and itchy papular lesions in the hands and feet. Lichen planus was considered by the dermatology clinic and topical treatment (mometasone furoate) was given. The lesions persisted at month 5 of therapy and biopsy samples were obtained from oral mucosal lesions and interferon dose was reduced to 135 mcg/week. Biopsy demonstrated nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium; epithelial acanthosis, spongiosis, and apoptotic bodies were observed in the epidermis and therefore lichen planus was considered. At month 6 of therapy, lesions did not improve and even progressed and interferon treatment was therefore discontinued.
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10
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Adinolfi LE, Nevola R, Lus G, Restivo L, Guerrera B, Romano C, Zampino R, Rinaldi L, Sellitto A, Giordano M, Marrone A. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and neurological and psychiatric disorders: An overview. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2269-2280. [PMID: 25741133 PMCID: PMC4342902 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i8.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered a systemic disease because of involvement of other organs and tissues concomitantly with liver disease. Among the extrahepatic manifestations, neuropsychiatric disorders have been reported in up to 50% of chronic HCV infected patients. Both the central and peripheral nervous system may be involved with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Main HCV-associated neurological conditions include cerebrovascular events, encephalopathy, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, and cognitive impairment, whereas “brain fog”, depression, anxiety, and fatigue are at the top of the list of psychiatric disorders. Moreover, HCV infection is known to cause both motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy in the context of mixed cryoglobulinemia, and has also been recently recognized as an independent risk factor for stroke. These extrahepatic manifestations are independent of severity of the underlying chronic liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy. The brain is a suitable site for HCV replication, where the virus may directly exert neurotoxicity; other mechanisms proposed to explain the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic HCV infection include derangement of metabolic pathways of infected cells, alterations in neurotransmitter circuits, autoimmune disorders, and cerebral or systemic inflammation. A pathogenic role for HCV is also suggested by improvement of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in patients achieving a sustained virologic response following interferon treatment; however, further ad hoc trials are needed to fully assess the impact of HCV infection and specific antiviral treatments on associated neuropsychiatric disorders.
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11
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Hepatitis C vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0090-5.00051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Alavian SM, Mahboobi N, Mahboobi N, Karayiannis P. Oral conditions associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:245-51. [PMID: 24195977 PMCID: PMC3958971 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.121032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in more than 170 million chronically infected patients with no developed preventive vaccine is a globally important issue. In addition to expected hepatic manifestations, a number of extrahepatic manifestations, such as mixed cryoglobulinemia, glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, rashes, renal disease, neuropathy, and lymphoma, have been reported following HCV infection, which are believed to be influenced by the virus or the host immune response. HCV combination therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin might be associated with side effects as well. The association of HCV with special oral conditions has also been reported recurrently; the mechanism of most of which remains unclear. This article reviews the association of HCV infection with some of the oral conditions such as oral health, Sjogren's syndrome, lichen planus and oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Moayed Alavian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Prof. Seyed-Moayed Alavian, Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Ground Floor of Baqiyatallah Hospital, Mollasadra Avenue, Vanak Square, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Nastaran Mahboobi
- Department of Neurology, Marien Hospital Euskirchen, Lehrkrankenhaus der Uni-Bonn, Germany
| | - Nima Mahboobi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Karayiannis
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Variety Wing Floor D, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, England
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13
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Fornaini C, Raybaud H, Augros C, Rocca JP. New Clinical Approach for Use of Er:YAG Laser in the Surgical Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: A Report of Two Cases. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:234-8. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Fornaini
- Dental Department, St. Roch University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Hélène Raybaud
- Dental Department, St. Roch University Hospital, Nice, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Rocca
- Dental Department, St. Roch University Hospital, Nice, France
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14
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Hepatitis C virus in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in Iran: is there any relation? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 269:2571-3. [PMID: 22331258 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-1953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, some studies have noticed a large number of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), who are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of HCV in these patients in our population. Patients with SCCHN in four tertiary centers in different regions of Iran were checked for HCV. The prevalence of HCV in 107 patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was 0.9%, which has no significant difference with its prevalence in normal population. It seems that HCV at least in Iran could not be considered as a risk factor for SCCHN.
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15
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Nico MMS, Fernandes JD, Lourenço SV. Oral lichen planus. An Bras Dermatol 2012; 86:633-41; quiz 642-3. [PMID: 21987126 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962011000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common mucosal disease that can present isolated or associated with cutaneous lichen planus. Contrarily to its cutaneous counterpart, though, OLP tends to be chronic, relapsing, and difficult to treat. Severe morbidity is related to erosive forms, and more aggressive presentations have been described, such as the "gingivo-vulvar syndrome". This article reviews the current knowledge about the pathogenesis, clinical picture, differential and laboratorial diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OLP.
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16
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Autofluorescence and Early Detection of Mucosal Lesions in Patients at Risk for Oral Cancer. J Craniofac Surg 2010; 21:1899-903. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3181f4afb4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Clinical evaluation of oral lesions associated with dermatologic diseases. An Bras Dermatol 2010; 85:150-6. [PMID: 20520929 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962010000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatologic diseases are not only represented by lesions affecting the skin but also by manifestations that may involve the mucous membranes, including oral mucosa. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the frequency of oral manifestations associated with dermatologic diseases considering location and clinical characteristics of the lesions found and also gender, age and race of patients. METHOD It was an observational, cross-sectional study of patients who sought for treatment at the Dermatology Service of the University Hospital (Hospital Presidente Dutra-HUPD); UFMA, between October 2007 and October 2008 (n=88). RESULTS Age varied from 5 to 88 and there was predominance of female patients. 35% of the cases studied were diagnosed as lichen planus; 33% as lupus erythematosus; 24% as erythema multiforme; 7% as pemphigus vulgaris and 1% as pemphigoid group. Oral manifestations were more common among patients suffering from lichen pplanus (51%) and lupus erythematosus (20%). The most common clinical presentation found was reticular lichen planus located most predominantly in the buccal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS It is essential that dentists know these pathologies to be able to diagnose them in an early stage of the disease and to direct patients to adequate treatment. Furthermore, intraoral examination should be included as a routine practice in dermatological services.
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Lin LH, Lu SY, Lu SN. Seroprevalence of anti-HCV among patients with oral lichen planus in Southern Taiwan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:408-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lu SY, Lin LH, Lu SN, Wang JH, Hung CH. Increased oral lichen planus in a chronic hepatitis patient associated with elevated transaminase levels before and after interferon/ribavirin therapy. J Dent Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1991-7902(09)60026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Stojanovič L, Lunder T, Poljak M, Marš T, Mlakar B, Matičič M. Lack of evidence for hepatitis C virus infection in association with lichen planus. Int J Dermatol 2008; 47:1250-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Merino Rodríguez B, Díaz Sánchez A, Núñez Martínez O. [Lichen planus and antiviral therapy in a patient with hepatitis C]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2008; 31:472. [PMID: 18783700 DOI: 10.1157/13125600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Maticic M, Poljak M, Lunder T, Rener-Sitar K, Stojanovic L. Lichen planus and other cutaneous manifestations in chronic hepatitis C: pre- and post-interferon-based treatment prevalence vary in a cohort of patients from low hepatitis C virus endemic area. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:779-88. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Eichbaum MHR, Harms W, Bolz S, Gebauer G, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C. Extensive genital and gluteal epitheliolyses caused by locoregional lichen ruber two years after primary treatment of vulvar cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 31:332-4. [PMID: 18547976 DOI: 10.1159/000127401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen ruber is a rare inflammatory mucocutaneous dermatosis with unknown etiology. Paraneoplastic manifestations of the disease are rare. Eruptions of lichen ruber subsequent to traumas such as surgery or radiotherapy are described as Köbner's phenomenon. PATIENTS AND METHODS A 72-year-old woman presented at our institution because of increasing, extensive erosive epitheliolyses of the genital and gluteal area two years after surgery and radiotherapy because of vulvar cancer. RESULTS Thorough clinical as well as histological examination revealed a localized lichen ruber reaction. All epitheliolyses healed well within weeks under topic treatment with steroids. CONCLUSION Lichen ruber is a rare dermatologic reaction that can occur several months after surgery and radiotherapy and has to be taken into account on examination of patients with late-onset skin reactions after local cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H R Eichbaum
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sousa FACGD, Rosa LEB. Oral lichen planus: clinical and histopathological considerations. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 74:284-92. [PMID: 18568210 PMCID: PMC9442095 DOI: 10.1016/s1808-8694(15)31102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oral lichen planus is one of the most common dermatological diseases presenting in the oral cavity; the prevalence in the general population is 1% to 2%. Although relatively frequent, oral lichen planus is the target of much controversy, especially in relation to its potential for malignancy. AIM This study aimed to make clinical and histopathological considerations regarding oral lichen planus to increase the level of knowledge about this condition among health professionals, underlining the importance of long-term follow-up of these patients. CONCLUSION The possibility of this lesion to turn malignant justifies the importance of long term follow up for patients with such disease.
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Carrozzo M. Oral diseases associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Part 1. sialadenitis and salivary glands lymphoma. Oral Dis 2008; 14:123-30. [PMID: 18208477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Morbidity associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is due not only to the sequelae of chronic liver disease, but also to a variety of extraheaptic manifestations (EHM). Some of the most frequently reported EHM of HCV infection involves the oral region predominantly or exclusively and they are the topics of this 2-part review. The current part 1 discusses the evidences on the association of salivary glands disorders with HCV. HCV- infected patients may frequently have histological signs of Sjögren-like sialadenitis with mild or even absent clinical symptoms. However, the pathogenetic role of HCV in Sjogren Syndrome (SS) development and the characteristics distinguishing classic SS from HCV-related sialadenitis are still an issue. It is unclear if the virus may cause a disease mimicking primary SS or if HCV is directly responsible for the development of SS in a specific subset of patients. Notably, some patients may present a triple association between HCV, SS-like sialadenitis and salivary gland lymphoma and the virus may be involved in the lymphomagenesis. The risk of having a salivary gland lymphoma is particularly high in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Little attention has been paid to the effects of anti-HCV treatment on sialadenitis or lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carrozzo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Guidotti LG, Chisari FV. Immunobiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2007; 1:23-61. [PMID: 18039107 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 574] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the many viruses that are known to infect the human liver, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unique because of their prodigious capacity to cause persistent infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. HBV and HCV are noncytopathic viruses and, thus, immunologically mediated events play an important role in the pathogenesis and outcome of these infections. The adaptive immune response mediates virtually all of the liver disease associated with viral hepatitis. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that antigen-nonspecific inflammatory cells exacerbate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-induced immunopathology and that platelets enhance the accumulation of CTLs in the liver. Chronic hepatitis is characterized by an inefficient T cell response unable to completely clear HBV or HCV from the liver, which consequently sustains continuous cycles of low-level cell destruction. Over long periods of time, recurrent immune-mediated liver damage contributes to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca G Guidotti
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Okuse C, Yotsuyanagi H, Koike K. Hepatitis C as a systemic disease: virus and host immunologic responses underlie hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. J Gastroenterol 2007; 42:857-65. [PMID: 18008029 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-007-2097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Okuse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
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Ferri C, Antonelli A, Mascia MT, Sebastiani M, Fallahi P, Ferrari D, Pileri SA, Zignego AL. HCV-related autoimmune and neoplastic disorders: the HCV syndrome. Dig Liver Dis 2007; 39 Suppl 1:S13-21. [PMID: 17936215 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(07)80005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection may be associated with a great number of both hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. HCV lymphotropism is responsible for poly-oligoclonal B-lymphocyte expansion, which is the common underlying alteration in a significant percentage of HCV-infected individuals. The consequent production of different autoantibodies and immune-complexes, including cryoglobulins, may lead to organ- and non-organ-specific immunological alterations. Mixed cryoglobulinemia, a small-vessel systemic vasculitis, is characterized by the coexistence of autoimmune and lymphoproliferative alterations; therefore, it represents the prototype of HCV-associated disorders. Moreover, HCV shows an oncogenic potential; several studies support its pathogenetic link with some malignancies, mainly hepatocellular carcinoma and B-cell lymphomas. On the whole, HCV-related disorders present a heterogeneous geographical distribution, suggesting a role of other important genetic and/or environmental cofactors. While the majority of HCV-infected individuals is asymptomatic or may develop only liver manifestations, a significant percentage of them may develop a variable combination of autoimmune lymphoproliferative disorders. The resulting multiform clinico-pathological condition can be termed HCV syndrome. The natural history of HCV syndrome is the expression of multifactorial and multistep pathogenetic process, which usually proceeds from mild, often isolated manifestations to systemic immune-mediated disorders, and less frequently to overt malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ferri
- Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Medical Sehool, Modena, Italy
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