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Xiao B, Xiang Q, Deng Z, Chen D, Wu S, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Wei S, Luo G, Li L. KCNN1 promotes proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer via ERLIN2-mediated stabilization and K63-dependent ubiquitination of Cyclin B1. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:809-823. [PMID: 37831636 PMCID: PMC10818095 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium Calcium-Activated Channel Subfamily N1 (KCNN1), an integral membrane protein, is thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic after hyperpolarization. However, the role of KCNN1 in tumorigenesis has been rarely reported, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that KCNN1 functions as an oncogene in promoting breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. KCNN1 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and cells. The pro-proliferative and pro-metastatic effects of KCNN1 were demonstrated by CCK8, clone formation, Edu assay, wound healing assay and transwell experiments. Transcriptomic analysis using KCNN1 overexpressing cells revealed that KCNN1 could regulate key signaling pathways affecting the survival of breast cancer cells. KCNN1 interacts with ERLIN2 and enhances the effect of ERLIN2 on Cyclin B1 stability. Overexpression of KCNN1 promoted the protein expression of Cyclin B1, enhanced its stability and promoted its K63 dependent ubiquitination, while knockdown of KCNN1 had the opposite effects on Cyclin B1. Knockdown (or overexpression) ERLNI2 partially restored Cyclin B1 stability and K63 dependent ubiquitination induced by overexpression (or knockdown) of KCNN1. Knockdown (or overexpression) ERLIN2 also partially neutralizes the effects of overexpression (or knockdown) KCNN1-induced breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In paired breast cancer clinical samples, we found a positive expression correlations between KCNN1 and ERLIN2, KCNN1 and Cyclin B1, as well as ERLIN2 and Cyclin B1. In conclusion, this study reveals, for the first time, the role of KCNN1 in tumorigenesis and emphasizes the importance of KCNN1/ERLIN2/Cyclin B1 axis in the development and metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Zihua Deng
- Department of General Surgery Section 5, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Daxiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Shunhong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Yaru Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Department of General Surgery Section 5, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
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2
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Wang J, Su W, Zhang T, Zhang S, Lei H, Ma F, Shi M, Shi W, Xie X, Di C. Aberrant Cyclin D1 splicing in cancer: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic modulation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:244. [PMID: 37024471 PMCID: PMC10079974 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (CCND1), a crucial mediator of cell cycle progression, possesses many mutation types with different mutation frequencies in human cancers. The G870A mutation is the most common mutation in CCND1, which produces two isoforms: full-length CCND1a and divergent C-terminal CCND1b. The dysregulation of the CCND1 isoforms is associated with multiple human cancers. Exploring the molecular mechanism of CCND1 isoforms has offer new insight for cancer treatment. On this basis, the alterations of CCND1 gene are described, including amplification, overexpression, and mutation, especially the G870A mutation. Subsequently, we review the characteristics of CCND1 isoforms caused by G870A mutation. Additionally, we summarize cis-regulatory elements, trans-acting factors, and the splice mutation involved in splicing regulation of CCND1. Furthermore, we highlight the function of CCND1 isoforms in cell cycle, invasion, and metastasis in cancers. Importantly, the clinical role of CCND1 isoforms is also discussed, particularly concerning prognosis, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Last, emphasis is given to the corrective strategies that modulate the cancerous CCND1 isoforms. Thus, it is highlighting significance of aberrant isoforms of CCND1 as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Su
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huiwen Lei
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Fengdie Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Maoning Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Cuixia Di
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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Habiburrahman M, Sutopo S, Wardoyo MP. Role of DEK in carcinogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome of breast cancer: An evidence-based clinical review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 181:103897. [PMID: 36535490 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significantly burdening women's cancer with limited diagnostic modalities. DEK is a novel biomarker overexpressed in breast cancers, currently exhaustively researched for its diagnosis and prognosis. Search for relevant meta-analyses, cohorts, and experimental studies in the last fifteen years was done in five large scientific databases. Non-English, non-full text articles or unrelated studies were excluded. Thirteen articles discussed the potential of DEK to estimate breast cancer characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognosis. This proto-oncogene plays a role in breast carcinogenesis, increasing tumour proliferation and invasion, preventing apoptosis, and creating an immunodeficient tumour milieu with M2 tumour-associated macrophages. DEK is also associated with worse clinicopathological features and survival in breast cancer patients. Using a Kaplan-Meier plotter data analysis, DEK expression predicts worse overall survival (HR 1.24, 95%CI: 1.01-1.52, p = 0.039), comparable to other biomarkers. DEK is a promising novel biomarker requiring further research to determine its bedside applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Habiburrahman
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia; Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Stefanus Sutopo
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Prasetio Wardoyo
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia; Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
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4
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Kaszak I, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Domrazek K, Jurka P. The Novel Diagnostic Techniques and Biomarkers of Canine Mammary Tumors. Vet Sci 2022; 9:526. [PMID: 36288138 PMCID: PMC9610006 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are considered a serious clinical problem in older bitches. Due to the high malignancy rate and poor prognosis, an early diagnosis is essential. This article is a summary of novel diagnostic techniques as well as the main biomarkers of CMTs. So far, CMTs are detected only when changes in mammary glands are clinically visible and surgical removal of the mass is the only recommended treatment. Proper diagnostics of CMT is especially important as they represent a very diverse group of tumors and therefore different treatment approaches may be required. Recently, new diagnostic options appeared, like a new cytological grading system of CMTs or B-mode ultrasound, the Doppler technique, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and real-time elastography, which may be useful in pre-surgical evaluation. However, in order to detect malignancies before macroscopic changes are visible, evaluation of serum and tissue biomarkers should be considered. Among them, we distinguish markers of the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, metastatic potential and prognosis, hormone receptors, inflammatory and more recent: metabolomic, gene expression, miRNA, and transcriptome sequencing markers. The use of a couple of the above-mentioned markers together seems to be the most useful for the early diagnosis of neoplastic diseases as well as to evaluate response to treatment, presence of tumor progression, or further prognosis. Molecular aspects of tumors seem to be crucial for proper understanding of tumorigenesis and the application of individual treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kaszak
- Laboratory of Small Animal Reproduction, Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Domrazek
- Laboratory of Small Animal Reproduction, Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Jurka
- Laboratory of Small Animal Reproduction, Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Bi JT, Bai RJ, Zhan HL, Qian ZH, Gong LH, Liu YQ, Zheng ZX, Cai X. Excessive proliferation and apoptosis of parathyroid cells contribute to primary hyperparathyroidism in rabbit model. J Investig Med 2022; 70:1392-1398. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To explore the molecular pathogenesis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), we investigated the proliferation and apoptosis of parathyroid cells in a rabbit model of diet-induced PHPT. A total of 120 adult Chinese rabbits were randomly divided into normal diet (Ca:P, 1:0.7) group (control group) or a high-phosphate diet (Ca:P, 1:7) group (experimental group). The thyroid and parathyroid complexes were harvested for 1-month interval from month 1 to month 6. The expression of proliferation markers, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin-D1, and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in thyroid and parathyroid tissues. Apoptosis was quantified by DNA-fragment terminal labeling. Our results demonstrated that parathyroid cells in the experimental group started proliferating from the end of the 2nd month, the expression of PCNA, Bcl-2, and cyclin-D1 were significantly higher in the PHPT group than those of the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the apoptosis index (AI) was positively correlated with the glandular cell count and expression of PCNA in the 6th month in the PHPT group. Overall, our results suggested that excessive proliferation and apoptosis of parathyroid cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of PHPT through PCNA-related, Bcl-2-related, and cyclin-D1-related pathways.
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Bardia A, Su F, Solovieff N, Im SA, Sohn J, Lee KS, Campos-Gomez S, Jung KH, Colleoni M, Vázquez RV, Franke F, Hurvitz S, Harbeck N, Chow L, Taran T, Rodriguez Lorenc K, Babbar N, Tripathy D, Lu YS. Genomic Profiling of Premenopausal HR+ and HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer by Circulating Tumor DNA and Association of Genetic Alterations With Therapeutic Response to Endocrine Therapy and Ribociclib. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00445. [PMID: 34504990 PMCID: PMC8423397 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This analysis evaluated the genomic landscape of premenopausal patients with hormone receptor–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer and the association of genetic alterations with response to ribociclib in the phase III MONALEESA-7 trial. METHODS Premenopausal patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive endocrine therapy plus ribociclib or placebo. Plasma collected at baseline was sequenced using targeted next-generation sequencing for approximately 600 relevant cancer genes. The association of circulating tumor DNA alterations with progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated to identify biomarkers of response and resistance to ribociclib. RESULTS Baseline circulating tumor DNA was sequenced in 565 patients; 489 had evidence of ≥ 1 alteration. The most frequent alterations included PIK3CA (28%), TP53 (19%), CCND1 (10%), MYC (8%), GATA3 (8%), receptor tyrosine kinases (17%), and the Chr8p11.23 locus (12%). A treatment benefit of ribociclib was seen with wild-type (hazard ratio [HR] 0.45 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.62]) and altered (HR 0.57 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.9]) PIK3CA. Overall, patients with altered CCND1 had shorter PFS regardless of treatment, suggesting CCND1 as a potential prognostic biomarker. Benefit with ribociclib was seen in patients with altered (HR 0.21 [95% CI, 0.08 to 0.54]) or wild-type (HR 0.52 [95% CI, 0.39 to 0.68]) CCND1, but greater benefit was observed with altered, suggesting predictive potential of CCND1. Alterations in TP53, MYC, Chr8p11.23 locus, and receptor tyrosine kinases were associated with worse PFS, but ribociclib benefit was independent of alteration status. CONCLUSION In this study—to our knowledge, the first large study of premenopausal patients with hormone receptor–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer—multiple genomic alterations were associated with poor outcome. A PFS benefit of ribociclib was observed regardless of gene alteration status, although in this exploratory analysis, a magnitude of benefits varied by alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Fei Su
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | - Seock-Ah Im
- Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joohyuk Sohn
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun Seok Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Saul Campos-Gomez
- Centro Oncológico Estatal, Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Kyung Hae Jung
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marco Colleoni
- Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Franke
- Hospital de Caridade de Ijuí, CACON, Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Sara Hurvitz
- University of California, Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Louis Chow
- Organisation for Oncology and Translational Research, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tetiana Taran
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | | | - Debu Tripathy
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Siraj AK, Parvathareddy SK, Annaiyappanaidu P, Ahmed SO, Siraj N, Tulbah A, Al-Dayel F, Ajarim D, Al-Kuraya KS. High Expression of Cyclin D1 is an Independent Marker for Favorable Prognosis in Middle Eastern Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3309-3318. [PMID: 34040395 PMCID: PMC8141388 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s309091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The cyclin D1 protein regulates cell cycle progression which is mediated by its interactions with cyclin-dependent kinases. Over-expression of cyclin D1 has been observed in several human cancers. This study was conducted to evaluate cyclin D1 expression in a large cohort of Middle Eastern breast cancers and determine its prognostic significance. Patients and Methods Cyclin D1 expression was assessed immunohistochemically and its association with clinico-pathological parameters was analyzed in 1003 breast cancer patients. Results Cyclin D1 was over-expressed in 59.4% (596/1003) of cases and significantly associated with a subset of breast cancers having favorable prognostic features, such as low grade (p < 0.0001), low stage (p = 0.0276), estrogen receptor (p < 0.0001) and progesterone receptor positive (p < 0.0001) tumors. An inverse association was found with triple negative breast cancers (p < 0.0001). More importantly, cyclin D1 expression was an independent predictor of favorable overall survival in our cohort (hazard ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval = 0.50–0.98; p = 0.0395). Also, tumors that highly expressed cyclin D1 had a longer recurrence-free survival. However, this significant association was seen only in univariate analysis. We also found cyclin D1 to be associated with phospho-Rb in luminal subtype of breast cancer and co-expression of both these markers was an independent predictor of luminal A breast cancer. Conclusion Our results reinforced the role of cyclin D1 in breast cancer pathology and revealed its expression as a valuable independent prognostic indicator for breast cancer from Middle Eastern ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Padmanaban Annaiyappanaidu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeeda O Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Moradi Binabaj M, Bahrami A, Khazaei M, Ryzhikov M, Ferns GA, Avan A, Mahdi Hassanian S. The prognostic value of cyclin D1 expression in the survival of cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Gene 2019; 728:144283. [PMID: 31838249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the expression of cyclin D1 and cancer prognosis and outcomes in different malignancies has not been fully elucidated. AIMS In the presented meta-analysis, we assessed the association between the expression level of cyclin D1 with overall survival (OS) in several cancers. METHODS Eligible studies were identified using PubMed, EMBase, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library databases. For the prognostic meta-analysis, study-specific hazard ratios (HRs) of tissue cyclin D1 for survival were obtained. Finally we pooled data derived from one hundred and eight studies comprising 19,224 patients with 10 different cancer types. RESULTS In the pooled analysis, high expression of cyclin D1 was significantly related to a poor OS with a pooled HR of 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02-1.20, P = 0.015; random-effects). Sub-group analysis revealed that high expression of cyclin D1 was related to worse OS of head and neck cancers (HR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.75-2.47; P < 0.001), but not in breast (HR = 1.033, 95% CI: 0.873-1.223, P = 0.702), gastrointestinal (HR = 1.025, 95% CI:0.824-1.275; P = 0.825), bladder (HR = 0.937, CI: 0.844-1.041; P = 0.225) and in lung cancer patients (HR = 1.092, CI: 0.819-1.455; P = 0.549). CONCLUSION Further large, prospective, and well-designed trials are warranted to elucidate the precise clinical importance of cyclin D1 overexpression in the prognosis of cancer patients receiving different treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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9
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Holah NS, Hemida AS. Cyclin D1 and PSA act as good prognostic and clinicopathological indicators for breast cancer. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2019; 41:28-44. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2019.1677706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanis Shawky Holah
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Aiat Shaban Hemida
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
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10
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Lundberg A, Lindström LS, Li J, Harrell JC, Darai-Ramqvist E, Sifakis EG, Foukakis T, Perou CM, Czene K, Bergh J, Tobin NP. The long-term prognostic and predictive capacity of cyclin D1 gene amplification in 2305 breast tumours. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:34. [PMID: 30819233 PMCID: PMC6394106 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene amplification as a breast cancer biomarker has been hampered by conflicting assessments of the relationship between cyclin D1 protein levels and patient survival. Here, we aimed to clarify its prognostic and treatment predictive potential through comprehensive long-term survival analyses. METHODS CCND1 amplification was assessed using SNP arrays from two cohorts of 1965 and 340 patients with matching gene expression array and clinical follow-up data of over 15 years. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to determine survival differences between CCND1 amplified vs. non-amplified tumours in clinically relevant patient sets, within PAM50 subtypes and within treatment-specific subgroups. Boxplots and differential gene expression analyses were performed to assess differences between amplified vs. non-amplified tumours within PAM50 subtypes. RESULTS When combining both cohorts, worse survival was found for patients with CCND1-amplified tumours in luminal A (HR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.15-2.46), luminal B (1.37; 1.01-1.86) and ER+/LN-/HER2- (1.66; 1.14-2.41) subgroups. In gene expression analysis, CCND1-amplified luminal A tumours showed increased proliferation (P < 0.001) and decreased progesterone (P = 0.002) levels along with a large overlap in differentially expressed genes when comparing luminal A and B-amplified vs. non-amplified tumours. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CCND1 amplification is associated with worse 15-year survival in ER+/LN-/HER2-, luminal A and luminal B patients. Moreover, luminal A CCND1-amplified tumours display gene expression changes consistent with a more aggressive phenotype. These novel findings highlight the potential of CCND1 to identify patients that could benefit from long-term treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Lundberg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda S Lindström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Eva Darai-Ramqvist
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanouil G Sifakis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas P Tobin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death among woman, worldwide, despite advances in identifying novel targeted therapies and the development of treating strategies. Classification of clinical subtypes (ER+, PR+, HER2+, and TNBC (Triple-negative)) increases the complexity of breast cancers, which thus necessitates further investigation. Mouse models used in breast cancer research provide an essential approach to examine the mechanisms and genetic pathway in cancer progression and metastasis and to develop and evaluate clinical therapeutics. In this review, we summarize tumor transplantation models and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of breast cancer and their applications in the field of human breast cancer research and anti-cancer drug development. These models may help to improve the knowledge of underlying mechanisms and genetic pathways, as well as creating approaches for modeling clinical tumor subtypes, and developing innovative cancer therapy.
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Prognostic Utility of Cyclin D1 in Invasive Breast Carcinoma. Indian J Surg Oncol 2018; 10:167-173. [PMID: 30948894 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-018-0839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive breast carcinoma is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Increase in early detection of breast carcinoma by different diagnostic modalities led to decrease in cancer-related mortality and morbidity. Multiple factors and genes are implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis. Cyclin D1 is an important cell cycle regulatory protein involved in carcinogenesis of various human cancers including breast cancer. Aims of the present study were to evaluate the prognostic importance of cyclin D1 expression in invasive breast carcinoma and its correlation with other prognostic and predictive factors. Patients undergoing mastectomy for breast carcinoma were selected from January 2016 to June 2017 in a tertiary care hospital. Clinical history including demographic parameters was collected in the study pro forma. Immunohistochemical staining for ER, PgR, HER2 and cyclin D1 was performed on all cases. The clinicopathological parameters like age, tumour size, histologic grade, histological type, lymphovascular invasion, axillary lymph node metastasis, ER, PgR and HER2 status were compared and correlated with cyclin D1 expression. Cyclin D1 expression found in 60% cases of breast carcinoma. Expression of cyclin D1 showed a highly significant correlation with histological grade (p = 0.000). Cyclin D1 expression showed significant correlation (p = 0.000) with molecular subtypes. There was also significant correlation between cyclin D1 expression and ER (p = 0.000) and PgR (p = 0.010) status. This study revealed significant cyclin D1 expression in low grade, well-differentiated breast cancer. Therefore, we found cyclin D1 as a favourable prognostic marker in breast carcinoma.
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Ortiz AB, Garcia D, Vicente Y, Palka M, Bellas C, Martin P. Prognostic significance of cyclin D1 protein expression and gene amplification in invasive breast carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188068. [PMID: 29140993 PMCID: PMC5687747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic capacity of cyclin D1 has long been established in breast cancer. CCND1 amplification has been identified in a subset of patients with poor prognosis, but there are conflicting data regarding the predictive value of cyclin D1 protein overexpression. This study was designed to analyze the expression of cyclin D1 and its correlation with CCND1 amplification and their prognostic implications in invasive breast cancer. By using the tissue microarray technique, we performed an immunohistochemical study of ER, PR, HER2, p53, cyclin D1, Ki67 and p16 in 179 invasive breast carcinoma cases. The FISH method was performed to detect HER2/Neu and CCND1 amplification. High cyclin D1 expression was identified in 94/179 (52%) of invasive breast cancers. Cyclin D1 overexpression and CCND1 amplification were significantly associated (p = 0.010). Overexpression of cyclin D1 correlated with ER expression, PR expression and Luminal subtypes (p<0.001), with a favorable impact on overall survival in the whole series. However, in the Luminal A group, high expression of cyclin D1 correlated with shorter disease-free survival, suggesting that the prognostic role of cyclin D1 depends on the molecular subtype. CCND1 gene amplification was detected in 17 cases (9%) and correlated significantly with high tumor grade (p = 0.038), high Ki-67 protein expression (p = 0.002), and the Luminal B subtype (p = 0.002). Patients with tumors with high amplification of CCND1 had an increased risk of recurrence (HR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-4.9, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that CCND1 amplification could be useful for predicting recurrence in invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B. Ortiz
- Pathology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (IDIPHIM) Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Garcia
- Pathology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (IDIPHIM) Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Vicente
- Pathology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (IDIPHIM) Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magda Palka
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (IDIPHIM) Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Bellas
- Pathology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (IDIPHIM) Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martin
- Pathology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (IDIPHIM) Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Fredholm H, Magnusson K, Lindström LS, Tobin NP, Lindman H, Bergh J, Holmberg L, Pontén F, Frisell J, Fredriksson I. Breast cancer in young women and prognosis: How important are proliferation markers? Eur J Cancer 2017; 84:278-289. [PMID: 28844016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Compared to middle-aged women, young women with breast cancer have a higher risk of systemic disease. We studied expression of proliferation markers in relation to age and subtype and their association with long-term prognosis. METHODS Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was studied in 504 women aged <40 years and 383 women aged ≥40 years from a population-based cohort. Information on patient characteristics, treatment and follow-up was collected from medical records. Tissue microarrays were produced for analysis of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor (PR), Her2, Ki-67 and cyclins. RESULTS Young women with luminal tumours had significantly higher expression of Ki-67 and cyclins. Proliferation markers were prognostic only within this subtype. Ki-67 was a prognostic indicator only in young women with luminal PR+ tumours. The optimal cut-off for Ki-67 varied by age. High expression of cyclin E1 conferred a better DDFS in women aged <40 years with luminal PR- tumours (hazard ratio [HR] 0.47 [0.24-0.92]). Age <40 years was an independent risk factor of DDFS exclusively in women with luminal B PR+ tumours (HR 2.35 [1.22-4.50]). Young women with luminal B PR- tumours expressing low cyclin E1 had a six-fold risk of distant disease compared with luminal A (HR 6.21 [2.17-17.6]). CONCLUSIONS The higher expression of proliferation markers in young women does not have a strong impact on prognosis. Ki-67 is only prognostic in the subgroup of young women with luminal PR+ tumours. The only cyclin adding prognostic value beyond subtype is cyclin E1. Age is an independent prognostic factor only in women with luminal B PR+ tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Fredholm
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Magnusson
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda S Lindström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Tobin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Lindman
- Uppsala University, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmberg
- Uppsala University, Department of Surgical Sciences, Regional Cancer Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, London, UK
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Frisell
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irma Fredriksson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ou QJ, Wu XJ, Peng JH, Zhang RX, Lu ZH, Jiang W, Zhang L, Pan ZZ, Wan DS, Fang YJ. Endocrine therapy inhibits proliferation and migration, promotes apoptosis and suppresses survivin protein expression in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5769-5778. [PMID: 28849238 PMCID: PMC5865723 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are hormone‑dependent. Thus, endocrine therapy has become an attractive strategy to treat CRC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of combined tamoxifen (TAM) plus β‑estradiol (E2) treatment on human DLD‑1 CRC cells. The human DLD‑1 CRC cell line was treated with different concentrations of TAM, β‑estradiol, or a combination of these two agents. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay, while apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry analysis. Alterations in the RNA and protein levels of the apoptosis‑associated factors cyclin D1 and survivin were measured in the treated DLD‑1 cells using semi‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (sqPCR) and western blot analyses. Alterations in cellular migration ability were monitored using a Transwell migration assay. Treatment with TAM, β‑estradiol and TAM plus β‑estradiol inhibited DLD‑1 cell viability. The flow cytometry results revealed that these drugs promoted cell apoptosis, and the Transwell migration assay results indicated that the reduction in cell migration was greater in the TAM+E2 treatment group when compared with each treatment alone. sqPCR and western blot analysis results demonstrated that TAM, E2 and a combination of the two affected survivin expression based on the drug concentration and the treatment duration; however, they demonstrated no significant effect on cyclin D1 expression. In conclusion, treatment of DLD‑1 cells with TAM, β‑estradiol, or a combination of these two drugs, inhibited cell viability and migration, promoted cell apoptosis, and reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of survivin in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. These results provide novel experimental basis for hormonal adjuvant therapy for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Jian Ou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Xin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Hai Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wu Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - De-Sen Wan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jing Fang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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16
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High expression of cyclin D1 is associated to high proliferation rate and increased risk of mortality in women with ER-positive but not in ER-negative breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 164:667-678. [PMID: 28528450 PMCID: PMC5495873 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cyclin D1 has a central role in cell cycle control and is an important component of estrogen regulation of cell cycle progression. We have previously shown that high cyclin D expression is related to aggressive features of ER-positive but not ER-negative breast cancer. The aims of the present study were to validate this differential ER-related effect and furthermore explore the relationship between cyclin D overexpression and CCND1 gene amplification status in a node-negative breast cancer case–control study. Methods Immunohistochemical nuclear expression of cyclin D1 (n = 364) and amplification of the gene CCND1 by fluorescent in situ hybridization (n = 255) was performed on tissue microarray sections from patients with T1-2N0M0 breast cancer. Patients given adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. The primary event was defined as breast cancer death. Breast cancer-specific survival was analyzed in univariate and multivariable models using conditional logistic regression. Results Expression of cyclin D1 above the median (61.7%) in ER breast cancer was associated with an increased risk for breast cancer death (OR 3.2 95% CI 1.5–6.8) also when adjusted for tumor size and grade (OR 3.1). No significant prognostic impact of cyclin D1 expression was found among ER-negative cases. Cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly associated to high expression of the proliferation markers cyclins A (ρ 0.19, p = 0.006) and B (ρ 0.18, p = 0.003) in ER-positive tumors, but not in ER-negative cases. There was a significant association between CCND1 amplification and cyclin D1 expression (p = 0.003), but CCND1 amplification was not statistically significantly prognostic (HR 1.4, 95% CI 0.4–4.4). Conclusion We confirmed our previous observation that high cyclin D1 expression is associated to high proliferation and a threefold higher risk of death from breast cancer in ER-positive breast cancer.
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17
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Haddad AQ, Luo JH, Krabbe LM, Darwish O, Gayed B, Youssef R, Kapur P, Rakheja D, Lotan Y, Sagalowsky A, Margulis V. Prognostic value of tissue-based biomarker signature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2017; 119:741-747. [PMID: 28075543 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve risk stratification for recurrence prognostication in patients with localised clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 367 patients with non-metastatic ccRCC were included. The cohort was divided into a training and validation set. Using tissue microarrays, immunostaining was performed for 24 biomarkers representative of key pathways in ccRCC. Using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression, we identified several markers that were used to construct a risk classifier for risk of disease recurrence. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 63.5 (24.0-85.3) months. Five out of 24 markers were selected by LASSO Cox regression for the risk classifier: N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Ki67, cyclin D1 and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein-1 (p-4EBP1). Patients were classified as either low, intermediate or high risk of disease recurrence by tertiles of risk score. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 93.8%, 87.7% and 70% for patients with low-, intermediate- and high-risk scores, respectively (P < 0.001). Patients with a high marker score had worse RFS on multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, race and the Mayo Clinic Stage, Size, Grade, and Necrosis (SSIGN) score (hazard ratio 3.66, 95% confidence interval 1.58-8.49, P = 0.003 for high vs low marker score in the overall cohort). The five-marker classifier increased the concordance index of the clinical model in both the training and validation sets. CONCLUSION We developed a five-marker-based prognostic tool that can effectively classify patients with ccRCC according to risk of disease recurrence after surgery. This tool, if prospectively validated, could provide individualised risk estimation for patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Q Haddad
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Hang Luo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Oussama Darwish
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irivine, CA, USA
| | - Bishoy Gayed
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irivine, CA, USA
| | - Ramy Youssef
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irivine, CA, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irivine, CA, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irivine, CA, USA
| | | | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irivine, CA, USA
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18
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Wysokinski D, Blasiak J, Pawlowska E. Role of RUNX2 in Breast Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20969-93. [PMID: 26404249 PMCID: PMC4613236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX2 is a transcription factor playing the major role in osteogenesis, but it can be involved in DNA damage response, which is crucial for cancer transformation. RUNX2 can interact with cell cycle regulators: cyclin-dependent kinases, pRB and p21Cip1 proteins, as well as the master regulator of the cell cycle, the p53 tumor suppressor. RUNX2 is involved in many signaling pathways, including those important for estrogen signaling, which, in turn, are significant for breast carcinogenesis. RUNX2 can promote breast cancer development through Wnt and Tgfβ signaling pathways, especially in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative cases. ERα interacts directly with RUNX2 and regulates its activity. Moreover, the ERα gene has a RUNX2 binding site within its promoter. RUNX2 stimulates the expression of aromatase, an estrogen producing enzyme, increasing the level of estrogens, which in turn stimulate cell proliferation and replication errors, which can be turned into carcinogenic mutations. Exploring the role of RUNX2 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer can lead to revealing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wysokinski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
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Li J, Yin LL, Su KL, Zhang GF, Wang J. Concomitant depletion of PTEN and p27 and overexpression of cyclin D1 may predict a worse prognosis for patients with post-operative stage II and III colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1543-1550. [PMID: 25202365 PMCID: PMC4156215 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognostic markers for colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been fully investigated. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), p27 and Cyclin D1 play significant roles in tumorigenesis and cell cycle regulation, and therefore require evaluation for their prognostic value in this disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of the single and combined expression of PTEN, p27 and Cyclin D1 in CRC patients. Protein expression levels of PTEN, p27 and Cyclin D1 were examined by immunohistochemistry from 61 patients with CRC in either stage II or III. In the CRC tissues, the frequencies of PTEN(−), p27(−) and Cyclin D1(+) expression were 42.62% (26/61), 32.79% (20/61) and 45.90% (28/61), respectively. Depletion of PTEN and p27 was more common with respect to stage III, low grade and lymph node metastasis compared with stage II, moderate grade and no lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Cyclin D1-positive expression was frequently detected in CRC of stage III, with lymph node metastasis and deeper invasion (P<0.05). The depletion of PTEN was significantly correlated with the loss of p27 (P<0.001) and with the increased expression of Cyclin D1 (P<0.001). PTEN(−) and/or p27(−) expression was significantly correlated with Cyclin D1(+) expression (P<0.05). Combined PTEN(−)/p27(−)/Cyclin D1(+) expression was correlated with a significant decrease in overall survival time (P<0.05). Combined p27(−) and Cyclin D1(+) expression indicated a worse overall survival time than other combined expression patterns. These findings indicate that the single expression of PTEN(−), p27(−) and Cyclin D1(+) and the combined detection of p27(−) and Cyclin D1(+) may be used as prognostic markers for overall survival time in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Yin
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Li Su
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Gang-Feng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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Chung J, Noh H, Park KH, Choi E, Han A. Longer survival in patients with breast cancer with cyclin d1 over-expression after tumor recurrence: longer, but occupied with disease. J Breast Cancer 2014; 17:47-53. [PMID: 24744797 PMCID: PMC3988342 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2014.17.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The effect of cyclin D1 overexpression on breast cancer outcomes and prognosis is controversial, even though amplification of the cyclin D1 gene, CCND1, has been shown to be associated with early relapse and poor prognosis. In this study, we examined the relationship between cyclin D1 overexpression and disease-specific survival (DSS). We also analyzed survival in patients who experienced recurrence. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma between April 2005 and December 2010. We examined clinicopathologic factors associated with cyclin D1 overexpression and analyzed the influence of cyclin D1 on recurrence-free survival and DSS. Results We identified 236 patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer who completed all phases of their primary treatment. Cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly associated with longer DSS (5-year DSS, 89.9% in patients without cyclin D1 overexpression vs. 98.9% in patients with cyclin D1 overexpression; p=0.008). Multivariate analysis also found that patients with cyclin D1 overexpressing tumors had significantly longer disease-specific survival than patients whose tumors did not overexpress cyclin D1, with a hazard ratio for disease-specific mortality of 7.97 (1.17-54.22, p=0.034). However, in the group of patients who experienced recurrence, cyclin D1 overexpression was not significantly associated with recurrence-free survival. Cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly associated with increased survival after disease recurrence, indicating that cyclin D1 overexpression might be indicative of more indolent disease progression after metastasis. Conclusion Cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with longer DSS, but not recurrence-free survival, in patients with breast cancer. Longer postrecurrence survival could explain the apparent inconsistency between DSS and recurrence-free survival. Patients with cyclin D1-overexpressing tumors survive longer, but with metastatic disease after recurrence. This information should spark the urgent development of tailored therapies to cure these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesik Chung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hany Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kwang Hwa Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Airi Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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The impact of cyclin D1 overexpression on the prognosis of ER-positive breast cancers: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:329-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Assessment of proliferation is important in female breast cancer and individual treatment decisions are based upon its results, especially in the luminal subgroups. Gene expression analyses fail to group male breast cancer into the intrinsic subgroups previously established in female breast cancer. Even though proliferation has been shown to divide male breast cancer into molecular subgroups with different prognoses, the clinical importance of proliferation markers has not yet been elucidated. Previous studies in male breast cancer have demonstrated contradictory results regarding the prognostic impact of histological grade and Ki-67, parameters strongly associated with proliferation. The aim of the present project was to study proliferation in male breast cancer by assessing other proliferation-related markers viz. cyclins A, B, D1 and mitotic count. A total of 197 male breast cancer cases with accessible paraffin-embedded material and outcome data were investigated. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed on tissue microarrays. Kaplan-Meier estimates and the Cox proportional regression models were used for survival analyses with breast cancer death as the event. The subset of patients with high expression of cyclin A (hazard ratio (HR) 3.7; P=0.001) and B (HR 2.7; P=0.02) demonstrated a poorer survival. Furthermore, high mitotic count was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer death (HR 2.5; P=0.01). In contrast, cyclin D1 overexpression was predictive of better breast cancer survival (HR 0.3; P=0.001). In conclusion, high levels of cyclin A and B expression and an elevated mitotic count result in a two to threefold higher risk for breast cancer death, whereas cyclin D1 overexpression halves the risk. The clinical utility of these proliferation markers needs further elucidation.
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Mylona E, Tzelepis K, Theohari I, Giannopoulou I, Papadimitriou C, Nakopoulou L. Cyclin D1 in invasive breast carcinoma: favourable prognostic significance in unselected patients and within subgroups with an aggressive phenotype. Histopathology 2012; 62:472-80. [PMID: 23163571 DOI: 10.1111/his.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the clinicopathological and prognostic value of cyclin D1 overexpression in patients with breast carcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 290 invasive breast carcinomas to detect the proteins cyclin D1, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53, c-erbB2, and topoisomerase IIα (topoIIα). Cyclin D1 staining was quantified using a computerized image analysis method. Cyclin D1 overexpression characterized smaller, ER-positive and PR-positive tumours (P = 0.017, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively), of a lower histological and nuclear grade (P = 0.011 and P < 0.0001, respectively), and with reduced expression of topoIIα (P = 0.001) and p53 (P < 0.001). Cyclin D1 was found to have an independent favourable impact on the overall survival of both the unselected cohort of patients (P = 0.011) and of patients with ER-negative and lymph node-positive tumours (P = 0.034 and P = 0.015, respectively). In triple-negative tumours, cyclin D1 overexpression was found to have independent favourable impacts on both overall and relapse-free survival (P = 0.002 for both). CONCLUSIONS This is the first immunohistochemical study to dissociate the advantageous prognostic effect of cyclin D1 overexpression from its association with ER expression, and to provide evidence that cyclin D1 overexpression may be a marker of prolonged survival in patient subgroups with aggressive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mylona
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Evagelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Lundgren K, Brown M, Pineda S, Cuzick J, Salter J, Zabaglo L, Howell A, Dowsett M, Landberg G. Effects of cyclin D1 gene amplification and protein expression on time to recurrence in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with anastrozole or tamoxifen: a TransATAC study. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R57. [PMID: 22475046 PMCID: PMC3446392 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gene amplification of CCND1 is observed in a subgroup of breast cancers with poor prognosis, whereas overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 has been linked to both worse and better clinical outcome. CCND1 amplification and protein overexpression have also been associated with resistance to treatment with tamoxifen or even to a potentially detrimental effect of tamoxifen. METHODS To clarify these challenging and partly contrasting treatment predictive and prognostic links for cyclin D1 we analysed a large cohort of postmenopausal breast cancer patients randomised to receive either adjuvant anastrozole or tamoxifen, as part of the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial. The CCND1 amplification status and protein expression of cyclin D1 were assessed by chromogenic in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in 1,155 postmenopausal, oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer patients included in the TransATAC substudy. RESULTS Amplification of CCND1 was observed in 8.7% of the tumours and was associated with increased risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio = 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 2.41) after adjustment for other clinicopathological parameters. In contrast, nuclear expression of cyclin D1 protein was associated with decreased recurrence rate (hazard ratio = 0.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.39 to 0.92). The intensity of nuclear or cytoplasmic expression was not of prognostic value. There was no significant interaction between cyclin D1 status and treatment efficacy, ruling out any major detrimental effect of tamoxifen in CCND1-amplified postmenopausal breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS In summary, CCND1 amplification and low nuclear expression of cyclin D1 predicted poor clinical outcome in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with either anastrozole or tamoxifen. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN18233230.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Lundgren
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, School of Cancer, Enabling Sciences and Technology, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Matthew Brown
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, School of Cancer, Enabling Sciences and Technology, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Silvia Pineda
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Queen Mary University of London, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Queen Mary University of London, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Janine Salter
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Lila Zabaglo
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Anthony Howell
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, School of Cancer, Enabling Sciences and Technology, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Royal Marsden Hospital, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Göran Landberg
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, School of Cancer, Enabling Sciences and Technology, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Association of double-positive FOXA1 and FOXP1 immunoreactivities with favorable prognosis of tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients. Discov Oncol 2012; 3:147-59. [PMID: 22476979 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-012-0111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is primarily a hormone-dependent tumor that can be regulated by the status of the steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone. Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) is a member of the forkhead box transcription factor family and functions as a pioneer factor of the estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cancer. In the present study, we demonstrate that FOXA1 mRNA was upregulated by estrogen and that estrogen receptor-α (ERα) recruitment to ER-binding sites in the vicinity of the FOXA1 gene was increased by estrogen in ERα-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The estrogen-induced FOXA1 upregulation was repressed by 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment. We also demonstrated that the proliferation and the migration of MCF-7 cells were decreased by FOXA1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA; siFOXA1). Furthermore, siFOXA1 decreased the estrogen response element-driven transcription and the estrogen-dependent upregulation of ERα target genes in MCF-7 cells. Next, the immunohistochemical analyses of FOXA1 were performed using two groups of breast cancer specimens. The nuclear immunoreactivity of FOXA1 was detected in 80 (74%) of 108 human invasive breast cancers and was negatively correlated with tumor grade and positively correlated with hormone receptor status, including ERα and progesterone receptor, pathological tumor size, and immunoreactivity of FOXP1, another FOX family transcription factor. FOXA1 immunoreactivity was significantly elevated in the relapse-free breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Notably, the double-positive immunoreactivities of FOXA1 and FOXP1 were significantly associated with a favorable prognosis for the relapse-free and overall survival of patients with tamoxifen-treated breast cancer, with lower P values compared with FOXA1 or FOXP1 immunoreactivity alone. These results suggest that FOXA1 plays an important role in the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by modulating estrogen signaling and that the double-positive immunoreactivities of FOXA1 and FOXP1 are associated with a favorable prognosis of tamoxifen-treated breast cancer.
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Miermont AM, Cabrera MC, Frech SM, Nakles RE, Diaz-Cruz ES, Shiffert MT, Furth PA. Association of Over-Expressed Estrogen Receptor Alpha with Development of Tamoxifen Resistant Hyperplasia and Adenocarcinomas in Genetically Engineered Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Suppl 12. [PMID: 24575359 PMCID: PMC3932557 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0940.s12-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and cyclin D1 are frequently co-expressed in human breast cancer. Some, but not all, studies link tamoxifen resistance to co-expression of cyclin D1 and ERα. In mice over-expression of either cyclin D1 or ERα in mammary epithelial cells is sufficient to induce mammary hyperplasia. Cyclin D1 over-expression in mice leads to mammary adenocarcinoma associated with activated estrogen signaling pathways. ERα over-expression in mice leads to mammary hyperplasia and cancer. Significantly, disease development in these mice is abrogated by loss of cyclin D1. METHODS Genetically engineered mouse models were used to determine whether or not ERα over-expression demonstrated cooperativity with cyclin D1 over-expression in cancer development, reaction to the chemical carcinogen DMBA, or tamoxifen response. RESULTS Adding ERα over-expression to cyclin D1 over-expression increased the prevalence of hyperplasia but not cancer. Single dose DMBA exposure did not increase cancer prevalence in any of the genotypes although cyclin D1 over-expressing mice demonstrated a significant increase in hyperplasia. Tamoxifen treatment was initiated at both young and older ages to test for genotype-specific differences in response. Although normal ductal structures regressed in all genotypes at both younger and older ages, tamoxifen did not significantly reduce the prevalence of either hyperplasia or cancer in any of the genotypes. All of the cancers that developed were hormone receptor positive, including those that developed on tamoxifen, and all showed expression of nuclear-localized cyclin D1. In summary, development of tamoxifen resistant hyperplasia and cancer was associated with expression of ERα and cyclin D1. CONCLUSION These preclinical models will be useful to test strategies for overcoming tamoxifen resistance, perhaps by simultaneously targeting cell cycle regulatory pathways associated with cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Miermont
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Marina Carla Cabrera
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Silvina M Frech
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Rebecca E Nakles
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Edgar S Diaz-Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Maddalena Tilli Shiffert
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA ; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Priscilla A Furth
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA ; Department of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Chungnam 330-714, Korea
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Tobin NP, Sims AH, Lundgren KL, Lehn S, Landberg G. Cyclin D1, Id1 and EMT in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:417. [PMID: 21955753 PMCID: PMC3192789 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin D1 is a well-characterised cell cycle regulator with established oncogenic capabilities. Despite these properties, studies report contrasting links to tumour aggressiveness. It has previously been shown that silencing cyclin D1 increases the migratory capacity of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with concomitant increase in 'inhibitor of differentiation 1' (ID1) gene expression. Id1 is known to be associated with more invasive features of cancer and with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we sought to determine if the increase in cell motility following cyclin D1 silencing was mediated by Id1 and enhanced EMT-features. To further substantiate these findings we aimed to delineate the link between CCND1, ID1 and EMT, as well as clinical properties in primary breast cancer. Methods Protein and gene expression of ID1, CCND1 and EMT markers were determined in MDA-MB-231 and ZR75 cells by western blot and qPCR. Cell migration and promoter occupancy were monitored by transwell and ChIP assays, respectively. Gene expression was analysed from publicly available datasets. Results The increase in cell migration following cyclin D1 silencing in MDA-MB-231 cells was abolished by Id1 siRNA treatment and we observed cyclin D1 occupancy of the Id1 promoter region. Moreover, ID1 and SNAI2 gene expression was increased following cyclin D1 knock-down, an effect reversed with Id1 siRNA treatment. Similar migratory and SNAI2 increases were noted for the ER-positive ZR75-1 cell line, but in an Id1-independent manner. In a meta-analysis of 1107 breast cancer samples, CCND1low/ID1high tumours displayed increased expression of EMT markers and were associated with reduced recurrence free survival. Finally, a greater percentage of CCND1low/ID1high tumours were found in the EMT-like 'claudin-low' subtype of breast cancer than in other subtypes. Conclusions These results indicate that increased migration of MDA-MB-231 cells following cyclin D1 silencing can be mediated by Id1 and is linked to an increase in EMT markers. Moreover, we have confirmed a relationship between cyclin D1, Id1 and EMT in primary breast cancer, supporting our in vitro findings that low cyclin D1 expression can be linked to aggressive features in subgroups of breast cancer.
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Salimi M, Mozdarani H, Majidzadeh K. Expression pattern of ATM and cyclin D1 in ductal carcinoma, normal adjacent and normal breast tissues of Iranian breast cancer patients. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1502-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Taneja P, Maglic D, Kai F, Zhu S, Kendig RD, Fry EA, Inoue K. Classical and Novel Prognostic Markers for Breast Cancer and their Clinical Significance. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2010; 4:15-34. [PMID: 20567632 PMCID: PMC2883240 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers ensures breast cancer patients receive optimal treatment. Established biomarkers such as estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) have been playing significant roles in the selection and management of patients for endocrine therapy. HER2 is a strong predictor of response to trastuzumab. Recently, the roles of ER as a negative and HER2 as a positive indicator for chemotherapy have been established. Ki67 has traditionally been recognized as a poor prognostic factor, but recent studies suggest that measurement of Ki67-positive cells during treatment will more effectively predict treatment efficacy for both anti-hormonal and chemotherapy. p53 mutations are found in 20–35% of human breast cancers and are associated with aggressive disease with poor clinical outcome when the DNA-binding domain is mutated. The utility of cyclin D1 as a predictor of breast cancer prognosis is controversial, but cyclin D1b overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. Likewise, overexpression of the low molecular weight form of cyclin E1 protein predicts poor prognosis. Breast cancers from BRCA1/2 carriers often show high nuclear grades, negativity to ER/PR/HER2, and p53 mutations, and thus, are associated with poor prognosis. The prognostic values of other molecular markers, such as p14ARF, TBX2/3, VEGF in breast cancer are also discussed. Careful evaluation of these biomarkers with current treatment modality is required to determine whether their measurement or monitoring offer significant clinical benefits.
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Finn RS, Dering J, Conklin D, Kalous O, Cohen DJ, Desai AJ, Ginther C, Atefi M, Chen I, Fowst C, Los G, Slamon DJ. PD 0332991, a selective cyclin D kinase 4/6 inhibitor, preferentially inhibits proliferation of luminal estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 11:R77. [PMID: 19874578 PMCID: PMC2790859 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1027] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alterations in cell cycle regulators have been implicated in human malignancies including breast cancer. PD 0332991 is an orally active, highly selective inhibitor of the cyclin D kinases (CDK)4 and CDK6 with ability to block retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation in the low nanomolar range. To identify predictors of response, we determined the in vitro sensitivity to PD 0332991 across a panel of molecularly characterized human breast cancer cell lines. Methods Forty-seven human breast cancer and immortalized cell lines representing the known molecular subgroups of breast cancer were treated with PD 0332991 to determine IC50 values. These data were analyzed against baseline gene expression data to identify genes associated with PD 0332991 response. Results Cell lines representing luminal estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subtype (including those that are HER2 amplified) were most sensitive to growth inhibition by PD 0332991 while nonluminal/basal subtypes were most resistant. Analysis of variance identified 450 differentially expressed genes between sensitive and resistant cells. pRb and cyclin D1 were elevated and CDKN2A (p16) was decreased in the most sensitive lines. Cell cycle analysis showed G0/G1 arrest in sensitive cell lines and Western blot analysis demonstrated that Rb phosphorylation is blocked in sensitive lines but not resistant lines. PD 0332991 was synergistic with tamoxifen and trastuzumab in ER+ and HER2-amplified cell lines, respectively. PD 0332991 enhanced sensitivity to tamoxifen in cell lines with conditioned resistance to ER blockade. Conclusions These studies suggest a role for CDK4/6 inhibition in some breast cancers and identify criteria for patient selection in clinical studies of PD 0332991.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Finn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, 11-934 Factor Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Finn RS, Dering J, Conklin D, Kalous O, Cohen DJ, Desai AJ, Ginther C, Atefi M, Chen I, Fowst C, Los G, Slamon DJ. PD 0332991, a selective cyclin D kinase 4/6 inhibitor, preferentially inhibits proliferation of luminal estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 15:238-46. [PMID: 19874578 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alterations in cell cycle regulators have been implicated in human malignancies including breast cancer. PD 0332991 is an orally active, highly selective inhibitor of the cyclin D kinases (CDK)4 and CDK6 with ability to block retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation in the low nanomolar range. To identify predictors of response, we determined the in vitro sensitivity to PD 0332991 across a panel of molecularly characterized human breast cancer cell lines. METHODS Forty-seven human breast cancer and immortalized cell lines representing the known molecular subgroups of breast cancer were treated with PD 0332991 to determine IC50 values. These data were analyzed against baseline gene expression data to identify genes associated with PD 0332991 response. RESULTS Cell lines representing luminal estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subtype (including those that are HER2 amplified) were most sensitive to growth inhibition by PD 0332991 while nonluminal/basal subtypes were most resistant. Analysis of variance identified 450 differentially expressed genes between sensitive and resistant cells. pRb and cyclin D1 were elevated and CDKN2A (p16) was decreased in the most sensitive lines. Cell cycle analysis showed G0/G1 arrest in sensitive cell lines and Western blot analysis demonstrated that Rb phosphorylation is blocked in sensitive lines but not resistant lines. PD 0332991 was synergistic with tamoxifen and trastuzumab in ER+ and HER2-amplified cell lines, respectively. PD 0332991 enhanced sensitivity to tamoxifen in cell lines with conditioned resistance to ER blockade. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest a role for CDK4/6 inhibition in some breast cancers and identify criteria for patient selection in clinical studies of PD 0332991
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Finn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, 11-934 Factor Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Hadzisejdić I, Mustać E, Jonjić N, Petković M, Grahovac B. Nuclear EGFR in ductal invasive breast cancer: correlation with cyclin-D1 and prognosis. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:392-403. [PMID: 20062009 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2009.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-family and cyclin-D1 have been extensively studied in breast cancer; however systematic studies that examine protein expression and gene status in the same cohort of patients are lacking. Also emerging evidences suggest existence of a direct EGFR-signaling pathway, which involves cellular transport of EGFR from cell membrane to the nucleus, and transcriptional regulation of the target genes. Thus, we examined the protein expression of membrane EGFR, nuclear EGFR, cyclin-D1 and the corresponding gene status in 113 breast carcinomas by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization using tissue microarrays. Membrane EGFR overexpression and EGFR gene amplification were detected in 2% cases, while nuclear EGFR was detected in 40% of cases, with 12% having high nuclear EGFR staining. Nuclear EGFR correlated with tumor size (P=0.0005), lymph node metastasis (P=0.0288), Nottingham prognostic index (P=0.0011) and estrogen receptor (ER) expression (P=0.0258) but the letter correlation was observed only in premenopausal group of patients. Strong cyclin-D1 expression and cyclin-D1 gene (CCND1) amplification were found in 64 and 13% of the cases, respectively. Cyclin-D1 expression showed positive correlation with ER (P=0.0113) and inverse correlation with Nottingham prognostic index (P=0.0309) and membrane EGFR (P=0.0201). CCND1 amplification also showed inverse correlation with membrane EGFR (P=0.0420). A strong correlation between membrane EGFR expression and gene amplification (P=0.0035), as well as cyclin-D1 overexpression and gene amplification (P=0.0362), was demonstrated. On univariate analysis cyclin-D1 expression showed a correlation with longer overall survival in the premenopausal group and nuclear EGFR correlated with shorter overall survival in whole cohort as well in the premenopausal group of patients. Multivariate analysis revealed nuclear EGFR to be an independent prognostic factor and showed 3.4 times greater mortality risk for nuclear EGFR+++ patients as compared with nuclear EGFR negative patients (hazard ratio =3.402; P=0.0026).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ita Hadzisejdić
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Dancau AM, Wuth L, Waschow M, Holst F, Krohn A, Choschzick M, Terracciano L, Politis S, Kurtz S, Lebeau A, Friedrichs K, Wencke K, Monni O, Simon R. PPFIA1andCCND1are frequently coamplified in breast cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:1-8. [PMID: 19787783 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Dancau
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Taneja P, Frazier DP, Kendig RD, Maglic D, Sugiyama T, Kai F, Taneja NK, Inoue K. MMTV mouse models and the diagnostic values of MMTV-like sequences in human breast cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009; 9:423-40. [PMID: 19580428 DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transgenic mice are excellent models for breast cancer as they allow for the targeted expression of various oncogenes and growth factors in neoplastic transformation of mammary glands. Numerous MMTV-LTR-driven transgenic mouse models of breast cancer have been created in the past three decades, including MMTV-neu/ErbB2, cyclin D1, cyclin E, Ras, Myc, int-1 and c-rel. These transgenic mice develop mammary tumors with different latency, histology and invasiveness, reflecting the oncogenic pathways activated by the transgene. Recently, homologous sequences of the env gene of MMTV have been identified in approximately 40% of human breast cancers, but not in normal breast or other types of cancers, suggesting possible involvement of mammary tumor virus in human breast carcinogenesis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the association of MMTV provirus with progesterone receptor, p53 mutations and advanced-stage breast cancer. Thus, the detection of MMTV-like sequences may have diagnostic value to predict the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Taneja
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Boström P, Söderström M, Palokangas T, Vahlberg T, Collan Y, Carpen O, Hirsimäki P. Analysis of cyclins A, B1, D1 and E in breast cancer in relation to tumour grade and other prognostic factors. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:140. [PMID: 19615042 PMCID: PMC2716358 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cell cycle is promoted by activation of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks), which are regulated positively by cyclins and negatively by Cdk inhibitors. Proliferation of carcinoma is associated with altered regulation of the cell cycle. Little is known on the combined alterations of cyclins A, B1, D1 and E in breast cancer in relation to the tumour grade and other prognostic factors. Findings Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclins A, B1, D1 and E, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki-67, Her-2/neu and CK5/6 was performed on 53 breast carcinomas. mRNA levels of the cyclins were analysed of 12 samples by RT-PCR. The expression of cyclins A, B1 and E correlated with each other, while cyclin D1 correlated with none of these cyclins. Cyclins A, B1 and E showed association with tumour grade, Her-2/neu and Ki-67. Cyclin E had a negative correlation with hormone receptors and a positive correlation with triple negative carcinomas. Cyclin D1 had a positive correlation with ER, PR and non-basal breast carcinomas. Conclusion Cyclin A, B1 and E overexpression correlates to grade, Ki-67 and Her2/neu expression. Overexpression of cyclin D1 has a positive correlation with receptor status and non-basal carcinomas suggesting that cyclin D1 expression might be a marker of good prognosis. Combined analysis of cyclins indicates that cyclin A, B and E expression is similarly regulated, while other factors regulate cyclin D1 expression. The results suggest that the combined immunoreactivity of cyclins A, B1, D and E might be a useful prognostic factor in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Boström
- Turku University Central Hospital, Department of Pathology, Kiinamyllynkatu 4 - 8, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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Agarwal R, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Myhre S, Carey M, Lee JS, Overgaard J, Alsner J, Stemke-Hale K, Lluch A, Neve RM, Kuo WL, Sorlie T, Sahin A, Valero V, Keyomarsi K, Gray JW, Borresen-Dale AL, Mills GB, Hennessy BT. Integrative analysis of cyclin protein levels identifies cyclin b1 as a classifier and predictor of outcomes in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3654-62. [PMID: 19470724 PMCID: PMC2887710 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the expression levels of cyclins B1, D1, and E1 and the implications of cyclin overexpression for patient outcomes in distinct breast cancer subtypes defined by clinical variables and transcriptional profiling. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression levels of cyclins B1, D1, and E1 were quantified in 779 breast tumors and 53 cell lines using reverse phase protein arrays and/or transcriptional profiling. RESULTS Whereas cyclin E1 overexpression was a specific marker of triple-negative and basal-like tumors, cyclin B1 overexpression occurred in poor prognosis hormone receptor-positive, luminal B and basal-like breast cancers. Cyclin D1 overexpression occurred in luminal and normal-like cancers. Breast cancer subgroups defined by integrated expression of cyclins B1, D1, and E1 correlated significantly (P < 0.000001) with tumor subtypes defined by transcriptional profiling and clinical criteria. Across three hormone receptor-positive data sets, cyclin B1 was the dominant cyclin associated with poor prognosis in univariate and multivariate analyses. Although CCNE1 was present in significantly higher copy numbers in basal-like versus other subtypes (ANOVA P < 0.001), CCNB1 gene copy number did not show gain in breast cancer. Instead, cyclin B1 expression was increased in tumors with co-occurrence of TP53 mutations and MYC amplification, a combination that seems to characterize basal-like and luminal B tumors. CCNB1 gene expression was significantly correlated with PLK, CENPE, and AURKB gene expression. CONCLUSION Cyclins B1, D1, and E1 have distinct expressions in different breast cancer subtypes. Novel PLK, CENPE, and AURKB inhibitors should be assessed for therapeutic utility in poor prognosis cyclin B1-overexpressing breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Agarwal
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas,Department of Medical Oncology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simen Myhre
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Rikshospitalet University Hospital,Faculty Division, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Mark Carey
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ana Lluch
- Universidad de Valencia, Clinic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Wen Lin Kuo
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Therese Sorlie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Rikshospitalet University Hospital,Institute of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aysegul Sahin
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Vicente Valero
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Joe W. Gray
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Rikshospitalet University Hospital,Faculty Division, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Bryan T. Hennessy
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
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37
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Borgquist S, Jirström K, Anagnostaki L, Manjer J, Landberg G. Anthropometric factors in relation to different tumor biological subgroups of postmenopausal breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:402-11. [PMID: 18798278 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Borgquist
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, University Hospital MAS, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
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38
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Cho EY, Han JJ, Choi YL, Kim KM, Oh YL. Comparison of Her-2, EGFR and cyclin D1 in primary breast cancer and paired metastatic lymph nodes: an immunohistochemical and chromogenic in situ hybridization study. J Korean Med Sci 2008; 23:1053-61. [PMID: 19119452 PMCID: PMC2610643 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.6.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant advance in the development of molecular-targeting drugs has made an evaluation of Her-2, EGFR, and cyclin D1 an important clinical issue in breast cancer patients. This study compared the Her-2, EGFR, and cyclin D1 status of primary tumors as well as their matching lymph node metastases using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) in 73 breast cancer patients. Her-2, EGFR, and cyclin D1 protein showed a concordance between the primary lesion and the metastatic regional lymph nodes in 82%, 90%, and 63%, respectively. CISH also revealed 92%, 93%, and 85% concordance in the gene amplification status of Her-2, EGFR, and cyclin D1, showing a reasonable agreement between primary tumors and metastatic regional lymph nodes. Although a statistically significant agreement was found in Her-2 expression, a relatively high discordance rate (18%) raises a little concern. Our findings suggest that the Her-2 status can be reliably assessed on primary tumor but a possible difference can be found in Her-2, EGFR, and cyclin D1 status between the primary and the metastatic sites and this possibility should be concerned in patients considering molecular targeted therapy or patients with progress of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Joon Han
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lyun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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39
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Cyclin D1 expression is associated with poor prognostic features in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 113:75-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-9908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Hong YK, Baik SS, Chung MS, Yoon HS. Expression of Cyclin D1 and bcl-2 in Infiltrative Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: Their Correlations and Clinical implications. J Breast Cancer 2008. [DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2008.11.4.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ki Hong
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Sam Baik
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Sung Chung
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Sung Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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41
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Lee JS, Choi JH. Prognostic Significance COX-2, VEGF and Cyclin D1 in Distant Metastasis of Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2007. [DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2007.10.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Choi
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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42
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Arýkök AT, Onal BU, Han U. Expressions of cyclin D1, p53, bcl-2, and bax in infiltrative ductal carcinoma of the breast: correlations with clinicopathologic characteristics. Breast J 2006; 12:391-2. [PMID: 16848860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1075-122x.2006.00289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Reis-Filho JS, Savage K, Lambros MBK, James M, Steele D, Jones RL, Dowsett M. Cyclin D1 protein overexpression and CCND1 amplification in breast carcinomas: an immunohistochemical and chromogenic in situ hybridisation analysis. Mod Pathol 2006; 19:999-1009. [PMID: 16648863 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting results on the prevalence of cyclin D1 ovexpression and its correlation with CCND1 amplification and outcome of breast cancer patients have been reported. Owing to limited sensitivity and specificity of most antibodies against cyclin D1, evaluation of cyclin D1 immunoexpression is reported to be problematic. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of cyclin D1 expression in breast carcinomas using the SP4 rabbit monoclonal antibody; to correlate cyclin D1 expression with amplification, assessed using chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH); and to analyse the relationship between CCND1 amplification and overexpression with clinicopathological parameters and outcome in a tissue microarray containing replicate tumour samples from 245 breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry for cyclin D1 was performed using the SP4 and the results were scored according to the Allred scoring system. CISH was carried out using the Zymed CCND1 SpotLight probe. CISH signals were counted in 60 morphologically unequivocal neoplastic cells. Amplification was defined as >5 signals per nucleus in more than 50% of cancer cells, or when large gene copy clusters were seen. Strong cyclin D1 expression and CCND1 amplification were found in 67.4 and 14.5% of the cases, respectively. A strong correlation between cyclin D1 overexpression and CCND1 amplification was demonstrated (P<0.0001). Cyclin D1 expression showed a positive correlation with hormone receptor expression (both ER and PgR, P<0.0001). An inverse correlation was observed between an immunohistochemical panel of 'basal-like' markers and both cyclin D1 overexpression (P<0.0001) and CCND1 amplification (P<0.0001). On univariate analysis cyclin D1 expression showed a correlation with longer overall survival (OS). Neither cyclin D1 nor CCND1 were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival or OS. The results of this study confirm the association between cyclin D1 overexpression and positivity for hormone receptors and the lack of CCND1 amplification in basal-like breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Reis-Filho
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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44
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Roy PG, Thompson AM. Cyclin D1 and breast cancer. Breast 2006; 15:718-27. [PMID: 16675218 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2006.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is one of the frequently overexpressed proteins and one of the commonly amplified genes in breast cancer. This article reviews the roles of cyclin D1 in cell-cycle regulation (normal and abnormal), mammary gland development and carcinogenesis and the relationship to oestrogen in breast tissues. It concludes by presenting the clinical, prognostic and therapeutic implications of our current knowledge of cyclin D1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj G Roy
- Department of Surgery & Molecular Oncology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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45
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Hess-Wilson JK, Boldison J, Weaver KE, Knudsen KE. Xenoestrogen action in breast cancer: impact on ER-dependent transcription and mitogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 96:279-92. [PMID: 16328721 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-005-9082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several estrogen mimics (xenoestrogens) inappropriately activate the estrogen receptor (ER) in the absence of endogenous ligand. Given the importance of the ER in breast cancer growth and regulation, delineating the impact of these agents under conditions related to tumor treatment is of significant importance. We examined the effect of two prevalent xenoestrogens (bisphenol A and coumestrol) on ER activation and ER-dependent mitogenesis in breast cancer cells. We show that the ability of these agents to induce mitogenesis was restricted to conditions of estrogen depletion, and that these agents failed to cooperate with estradiol to induce MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth. These observations are consistent with the impact of each agent specifically on exogenous ER activation as monitored in HeLa cells, wherein the xenoestrogens activated the receptor in the absence of estradiol but failed to cooperate with estrogen. Tamoxifen blocked bisphenol A and coumestrol-mediated ER activation, indicating that exposure to these agents is unlikely to disrupt such therapeutic intervention. The response of tumor-derived ER alleles to these xenoestrogens was also examined. Although the xenoestrogens failed to alter ER-Y537S function, the ER-D351Y mutant demonstrated an enhanced response to bisphenol A. Moreover, tamoxifen enhanced the agonistic effects of xenoestrogens on ER-D351Y. Lastly, we examined the impact of ER co-activator overexpression on xenoestrogen response. Bisphenol A and coumestrol exhibited differential responses to co-activators with regard to ER activation. However, when using mitogenesis as an endpoint, these co-activators were insufficient to provide a significant growth advantage. Combined, these data demonstrate that bisphenol A and coumestrol can impact ER activity and ER-dependent proliferation in breast cancer cells, but the influence of these agents is restricted to conditions of estrogen depletion, selective mutation of the ER, and expression of specific co-activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Hess-Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0521, USA
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46
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Mulholland DJ, Dedhar S, Coetzee GA, Nelson CC. Interaction of nuclear receptors with the Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling axis: Wnt you like to know? Endocr Rev 2005; 26:898-915. [PMID: 16126938 DOI: 10.1210/er.2003-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cross-regulation of Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf ligands, kinases, and transcription factors with members of the nuclear receptor (NR) family has emerged as a clinically and developmentally important area of endocrine cell biology. Interactions between these signaling pathways result in a diverse array of cellular effects including altered cellular adhesion, tissue morphogenesis, and oncogenesis. Analyses of NR interactions with canonical Wnt signaling reveal two broad themes: Wnt/beta-catenin modulation of NRs (theme I), and ligand-dependent NR inhibition of the Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf cascade (theme II). Beta-catenin, a promiscuous Wnt signaling member, has been studied intensively in relation to the androgen receptor (AR). Beta-catenin acts as a coactivator of AR transcription and is also involved in co-trafficking, increasing cell proliferation, and prostate pathogenesis. T cell factor, a transcriptional mediator of beta-catenin and AR, engages in a dynamic reciprocity of nuclear beta-catenin, p300/CREB binding protein, and transcriptional initiation factor 2/GC receptor-interaction protein, thereby facilitating hormone-dependent coactivation and transrepression. Beta-catenin responds in an equally dynamic manner with other NRs, including the retinoic acid (RA) receptor (RAR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), progesterone receptor, thyroid receptor (TR), estrogen receptor (ER), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). The NR ligands, vitamin D(3), trans/cis RA, glucocorticoids, and thiazolidines, induce dramatic changes in the physiology of cells harboring high Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf activity. Wnt signaling regulates, directly or indirectly, developmental processes such as ductal branching and adipogenesis, two processes dependent on NR function. Beta-catenin has been intensively studied in colorectal cancer; however, it is now evident that beta-catenin may be important in cancers of the breast, prostate, and thyroid. This review will focus on the cross-regulation of AR and Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf but will also consider the dynamic manner in which RAR/RXR, GR, TR, VDR, ER, and PPAR modulate canonical Wnt signaling. Although many commonalities exist by which NRs interact with the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, striking cell line and tissue-specific differences require deciphering and application to endocrine pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Mulholland
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Center for Health Sciences 23-234, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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47
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Colozza M, Azambuja E, Cardoso F, Sotiriou C, Larsimont D, Piccart MJ. Proliferative markers as prognostic and predictive tools in early breast cancer: where are we now? Ann Oncol 2005; 16:1723-39. [PMID: 15980158 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, proliferative markers have been broadly evaluated as prognostic and predictive factors for early stage breast cancer patients. Several papers evaluating one or more markers have been published, often with contradictory results. As a consequence, there is still uncertainty about the role of these proliferative markers. The present paper critically reviews the current knowledge about the following markers: thymidine labeling index, S phase fraction/flow cytometry, Ki 67, thymidine kinase (TK), cyclins E, cyclin D, the cyclin inhibitors p27 and p21, and topoisomerase IIalpha. For each marker, the prognostic and predictive role was separately analyzed. Only papers published in English in peer-reviewed journals before June 2004 that include at least 100 evaluable patients were selected. In addition, the prognostic and predictive role of the proliferative markers had to be assessed through multivariate analyses. One hundred and thirty-two papers fulfilled these criteria and 159 516 patients were analyzed. Unfortunately, several methodological problems in the research to date prevent us from including any one of these proliferative markers among the standard prognostic and predictive factors. Early incorporation of translational research and new technologies with clinical trials are needed to prospectively validate biological markers and allow their use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Colozza
- S. C. Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera, San Sisto 06132 Perugia, Italy
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48
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Abstract
Cyclin D1 encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates the retinoblastoma protein and promotes progression through the G1-S phase of the cell cycle. Amplification or overexpression of cyclin D1 plays pivotal roles in the development of a subset of human cancers including parathyroid adenoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, and prostate cancer. Of the three D-type cyclins, each of which binds cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), it is cyclin D1 overexpression that is predominantly associated with human tumorigenesis and cellular metastases. In recent years accumulating evidence suggests that in addition to its original description as a CDK-dependent regulator of the cell cycle, cyclin D1 also conveys cell cycle or CDK-independent functions. Cyclin D1 associates with, and regulates activity of, transcription factors, coactivators and corepressors that govern histone acetylation and chromatin remodeling proteins. The recent findings that cyclin D1 regulates cellular metabolism, fat cell differentiation and cellular migration have refocused attention on novel functions of cyclin D1 and their possible role in tumorigenesis. In this review, both the classic and novel functions of cyclin D1 are discussed with emphasis on the CDK-independent functions of cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofu Fu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057-1468, USA
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49
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Stendahl M, Kronblad Å, Rydén L, Emdin S, Bengtsson NO, Landberg G. Cyclin D1 overexpression is a negative predictive factor for tamoxifen response in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:1942-8. [PMID: 15138475 PMCID: PMC2409465 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioestrogen treatment by tamoxifen is a well-established adjuvant therapy for oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) positive breast cancer. Despite ERα expression some tumours do not respond to tamoxifen and we therefore delineated the potential link between the cell cycle regulator and ERα co-factor, cyclin D1, and tamoxifen response in a material of 167 postmenopausal breast cancers arranged in a tissue array. The patients had been randomised to 2 years of tamoxifen treatment or no treatment and the median follow-up time was 18 years. Interestingly in the 55 strongly ERα positive samples with moderate or low cyclin D1 levels, patients responded to tamoxifen treatment whereas the 46 patients with highly ERα positive and cyclin D1 overexpressing tumours did not show any difference in survival between tamoxifen and no treatment. Survival in untreated patients with cyclin D1 high tumours was slightly better than for patients with cyclin D1 low/moderate tumours. However, there was a clearly increased risk of death in the cyclin D1 high group compared to an age-matched control population. Our results suggest that cyclin D1 overexpression predicts for tamoxifen treatment resistance in breast cancer, which is line with recent experimental data using breast cancer cell lines and overexpression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stendahl
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Å Kronblad
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Rydén
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Emdin
- Department of Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - N O Bengtsson
- Department of Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - G Landberg
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden. E-mail:
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50
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Jirström K, Ringberg A, Fernö M, Anagnostaki L, Landberg G. Tissue microarray analyses of G1/S-regulatory proteins in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast indicate that low cyclin D1 is associated with local recurrence. Br J Cancer 2004; 89:1920-6. [PMID: 14612904 PMCID: PMC2394433 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast constitutes about 10% of all diagnosed breast cancers and, despite surgical removal, it may recur, either as DCIS or invasive breast cancer. Nuclear grade and growth pattern according to Andersen et al as well as surgical margins are factors that have been used to predict local recurrence, but ideally a set of tumour-specific factors should be identified and used as prognostic markers. Many cell cycle regulatory gene products have been shown to be involved in the formation of tumours and are either oncogenes or suppressor genes and involved in key processes in the transformation. We therefore characterised the cell cycle regulators cyclin E, cyclin D1, p27 and p16 in a material of DCIS cases arranged in a tissue microarray. With a manual tissue arrayer, 52% of the initial 177 DCIS samples were successfully targeted allowing immunohistochemical analyses of all four proteins in 92 cases of DCIS. As also observed in invasive breast cancer, there was a trend indicating that DCIS cases with high cyclin D1 were cyclin E low and oestrogen receptor-positive, whereas cyclin E high DCIS cases were cyclin D1 low and oestrogen receptor-negative. For the 64 patients that did not receive postoperative radiotherapy, there were 16 local recurrences (eight DCIS and eight invasive breast cancer) during a mean follow-up time of 63 months. Cyclin E, p27 or p16 were not associated with local recurrence, but interestingly cyclin D1 was significantly and inversely associated with local recurrence, both using univariate and multivariate analyses. In summary, using a tissue array approach we have shown that cyclin D1, besides growth pattern, is a prognostic marker for local recurrence in DCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jirström
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Ringberg
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden
| | - M Fernö
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Lund, Sweden
| | - L Anagnostaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - G Landberg
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden. E-mail:
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