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Yang D, Zhang X, Li Z, Chu R, Shah S, Wang X, Zhang X. Antagonistic effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas combinations against Fusarium oxysporum and their effect on disease resistance and growth promotion in watermelon. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae074. [PMID: 38632051 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to develop an effective bacterial combination that can combat Fusarium oxysporum infection in watermelon using in vitro and pot experiments. METHODS AND RESULTS In total, 53 strains of Bacillus and 4 strains of Pseudomonas were screened. Pseudomonas strains P3 and P4 and Bacillus strains XY-2-3, XY-13, and GJ-1-15 exhibited good antagonistic effects against F. oxysporum. P3 and P4 were identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively. XY-2-3 and GJ-1-15 were identified as B. velezensis, and XY-13 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The three Bacillus strains were antifungal, promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings and had genes to synthesize antagonistic metabolites such as bacilysin, surfactin, yndj, fengycin, iturin, and bacillomycin D. Combinations of Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains, namely, XY-2-3 + P4, GJ-1-15 + P4, XY-13 + P3, and XY-13 + P4, exhibited a good compatibility. These four combinations exhibited antagonistic effects against 11 pathogenic fungi, including various strains of F. oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Rhizoctonia. Inoculation of these bacterial combinations significantly reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt in watermelon, promoted plant growth, and improved soil nutrient availability. XY-13 + P4 was the most effective combination against Fusarium wilt in watermelon with the inhibition rate of 78.17%. The number of leaves; aboveground fresh and dry weights; chlorophyll, soil total nitrogen, and soil available phosphorus content increased by 26.8%, 72.12%, 60.47%, 16.97%, 20.16%, and 16.50%, respectively, after XY-13 + P4 inoculation compared with the uninoculated control. Moreover, total root length, root surface area, and root volume of watermelon seedlings were the highest after XY-13 + P3 inoculation, exhibiting increases by 265.83%, 316.79%, and 390.99%, respectively, compared with the uninoculated control. CONCLUSIONS XY-13 + P4 was the best bacterial combination for controlling Fusarium wilt in watermelon, promoting the growth of watermelon seedlings, and improving soil nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Yang
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Li
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Rui Chu
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Sadiq Shah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Xiaozhuo Wang
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Moreno-Fenoll C, Ardré M, Rainey PB. Polar accumulation of pyoverdin and exit from stationary phase. MICROLIFE 2024; 5:uqae001. [PMID: 38370141 PMCID: PMC10873284 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Pyoverdin is a water-soluble metal-chelator synthesized by members of the genus Pseudomonas and used for the acquisition of insoluble ferric iron. Although freely diffusible in aqueous environments, preferential dissemination of pyoverdin among adjacent cells, fine-tuning of intracellular siderophore concentrations, and fitness advantages to pyoverdin-producing versus nonproducing cells, indicate control of location and release. Here, using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to track single cells in growing microcolonies of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25, we show accumulation of pyoverdin at cell poles. Accumulation occurs on cessation of cell growth, is achieved by cross-feeding in pyoverdin-nonproducing mutants and is reversible. Moreover, accumulation coincides with localization of a fluorescent periplasmic reporter, suggesting that pyoverdin accumulation at cell poles is part of the general cellular response to starvation. Compatible with this conclusion is absence of non-accumulating phenotypes in a range of pyoverdin mutants. Analysis of the performance of pyoverdin-producing and nonproducing cells under conditions promoting polar accumulation shows an advantage to accumulation on resumption of growth after stress. Examination of pyoverdin polar accumulation in a multispecies community and in a range of laboratory and natural species of Pseudomonas, including P. aeruginosa PAO1 and P. putida KT2440, confirms that the phenotype is characteristic of Pseudomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Moreno-Fenoll
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Evolution, CBI, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Microbial Population Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Maxime Ardré
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Evolution, CBI, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Paul B Rainey
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Evolution, CBI, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Microbial Population Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
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3
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Jafra S, Jabłońska M, Maciąg T, Matuszewska M, Borowicz M, Prusiński M, Żmudzińska W, Thiel M, Czaplewska P, Krzyżanowska DM, Czajkowski R. An iron fist in a velvet glove: The cooperation of a novel pyoverdine from Pseudomonas donghuensis P482 with 7-hydroxytropolone is pivotal for its antibacterial activity. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16559. [PMID: 38151794 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas donghuensis P482 exhibits broad antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens, including the soft rot bacteria of the Dickeya genus. Here, we report that under limited nutrient availability, the antibacterial activity of P. donghuensis P482 against Dickeya solani requires the reciprocal action of two iron scavengers: 7-hydroxytropolone (7-HT) and a newly characterized pyoverdine (PVDP482 ) and is quenched in the iron-augmented environment. Further, we show that the biosynthesis of pyoverdine and 7-HT is metabolically coordinated, and the functional BV82_4709 gene involved in 7-HT synthesis is pivotal for expressing the BV82_3755 gene, essential for pyoverdine biosynthesis and vice versa. The synthesis of both scavengers is under the control of Gac/Rsm, but only PVD is controlled by Fur. The isoelectric focusing profile of the P482 siderophore differs from that of the other Pseudomonas spp. tested. This finding led to the unveiling of the chemical structure of the new pyoverdine PVDP482 . To summarize, the antibacterial activity of P. donghuensis P482 is attributed to 7-HT and PVDP482 varies depending on the nutrient and iron availability, highlighting the importance of these factors in the competition between P482 and D. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Jafra
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jabłońska
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Maciąg
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Matuszewska
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Borowicz
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Prusiński
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wioletta Żmudzińska
- Laboratory of Biopolymers Structure, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcel Thiel
- Laboratory of Biopolymers Structure, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Czaplewska
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota M Krzyżanowska
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert Czajkowski
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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4
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Pavia MJ, Finn D, Macedo-Tafur F, Tello-Espinoza R, Penaccio C, Bouskill N, Cadillo-Quiroz H. Genes and genome-resolved metagenomics reveal the microbial functional make up of Amazon peatlands under geochemical gradients. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2388-2403. [PMID: 37501535 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The Pastaza-Marañón Foreland Basin (PMFB) holds the most extensive tropical peatland area in South America. PMFB peatlands store ~7.07 Gt of organic carbon interacting with multiple microbial heterotrophic, methanogenic, and other aerobic/anaerobic respirations. Little is understood about the contribution of distinct microbial community members inhabiting tropical peatlands. Here, we studied the metagenomes of three geochemically distinct peatlands spanning minerotrophic, mixed, and ombrotrophic conditions. Using gene- and genome-centric approaches, we evaluate the functional potential of the underlying microbial communities. Abundance analyses show significant differences in C, N, P, and S acquisition genes. Furthermore, community interactions mediated by toxin-antitoxin and CRISPR-Cas systems were enriched in oligotrophic soils, suggesting that non-metabolic interactions may exert additional controls in low-nutrient environments. Additionally, we reconstructed 519 metagenome-assembled genomes spanning 28 phyla. Our analyses detail key differences across the geochemical gradient in the predicted microbial populations involved in degradation of organic matter, and the cycling of N and S. Notably, we observed differences in the nitric oxide (NO) reduction strategies between sites with high and low N2 O fluxes and found phyla putatively capable of both NO and sulfate reduction. Our findings detail how gene abundances and microbial populations are influenced by geochemical differences in tropical peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Pavia
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Damien Finn
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Franco Macedo-Tafur
- Laboratory of Soil Research, Research Institute of Amazonia's Natural Resources, National University of the Peruvian Amazon, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Rodil Tello-Espinoza
- Laboratory of Soil Research, Research Institute of Amazonia's Natural Resources, National University of the Peruvian Amazon, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
- School of Forestry, National University of the Peruvian Amazon, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Christa Penaccio
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Bouskill
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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5
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Shao J, Rong N, Wu Z, Gu S, Liu B, Shen N, Li Z. Siderophore-mediated iron partition promotes dynamical coexistence between cooperators and cheaters. iScience 2023; 26:107396. [PMID: 37701813 PMCID: PMC10494312 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes shape their habitats by consuming resources and producing a diverse array of chemicals that can serve as public goods. Despite the risk of exploitation by cheaters, genes encoding sharable molecules like siderophores are widely found in nature, prompting investigations into the mechanisms that allow producers to resist invasion by cheaters. In this work, we presented the chemostat-typed "resource partition model" to demonstrate that dividing the iron resource between private and public siderophores can promote stable or dynamic coexistence between producers and cheaters in a well-mixed environment. Moreover, our analysis shows that when microbes not only consume but also produce resources, chemical innovation leads to stability criteria that differ from those of classical consumer resource models, resulting in more complex dynamics. Our work sheds light on the role of chemical innovations in microbial communities and the potential for resource partition to facilitate dynamical coexistence between cooperative and cheating organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqi Shao
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nan Rong
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenchao Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaohua Gu
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Jiang L, Zhao Y, Yao Y, Lou J, Zhao Y, Hu B. Adding siderophores: A new strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129319. [PMID: 37315620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community is the primary driver causing the greenhouse gas emissions in composting. Thus, regulating the microbial communities is a strategy to reduce them. Here, two different siderophores (enterobactin and putrebactin) were added, which could bind and translocate iron by specific microbes, to regulate the composting communities. The results showed that adding enterobactin enriched Acinetobacter and Bacillus with specific receptors by 6.84-fold and 6.78-fold. It promoted carbohydrate degradation and amino acid metabolism. This resulted in a 1.28-fold increase in humic acid content, as well as a 14.02% and 18.27% decrease in CO2 and CH4 emissions, respectively. Meanwhile, adding putrebactin boosted the microbial diversity by 1.21-fold and enhanced potential microbial interactions by 1.76-fold. The attenuated denitrification process led to a 1.51-fold increase in the total nitrogen content and a 27.47% reduction in N2O emissions. Overall, adding siderophores is an efficient strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote the compost quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Jiang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuqing Yao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingxuan Lou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China.
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7
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Sánchez-Jiménez A, Marcos-Torres FJ, Llamas MA. Mechanisms of iron homeostasis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and emerging therapeutics directed to disrupt this vital process. Microb Biotechnol 2023. [PMID: 36857468 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen able to infect any human tissue. One of the reasons for its high adaptability and colonization of host tissues is its capacity of maintaining iron homeostasis through a wide array of iron acquisition and removal mechanisms. Due to their ability to cause life-threatening acute and chronic infections, especially among cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients, and their propensity to acquire resistance to many antibiotics, the World Health Organization (WHO) has encouraged the scientific community to find new strategies to eradicate this pathogen. Several recent strategies to battle P. aeruginosa focus on targeting iron homeostasis mechanisms, turning its greatest advantage into an exploitable weak point. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms used by P. aeruginosa to maintain iron homeostasis and the strategies being developed to fight this pathogen by blocking these mechanisms. Among others, the use of iron chelators and mimics, as well as disruption of siderophore production and uptake, have shown promising results in reducing viability and/or virulence of this pathogen. The so-called 'Trojan-horse' strategy taking advantage of the siderophore uptake systems is emerging as an efficient method to improve delivery of antibiotics into the bacterial cells. Moreover, siderophore transporters are considered promising targets for the developing of P. aeruginosa vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Marcos-Torres
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - María A Llamas
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
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Potysz A. Microbial influence and dynamics of metallurgical waste dissolution in a landfill and recovery context: A multi-phase experimental approach and geochemical model. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136964. [PMID: 36419268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of abiotic and biotic dissolution on metallurgical wastes (slag and matte) were examined combining a multi-phase experimental approach with a solution renewal and geochemical model. The conditions studied included the exposure of solid wastes to water, a growth medium, and heterotrophic siderophore-producing bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Quantification of the dissolution was performed by tracking the element release, whereas immobilization processes were predicted by applying a geochemical model and scanning electron microscopic observations. The results demonstrated that the phase composition of these wastes subjected to (bio)dissolution was linked to the behavior of Pseudomonas fluorescens, with the deteriorative dissolution effects varying between slag and matte. The contribution level of the bacteria to the mobilization of the elements exhibited the following order: Cu > Pb > Zn; however, the entrapment of these elements in biomass affected the amount of metals released. Copper-bearing sulfides and metallic lead-bearing phases were specifically found to be highly susceptible to (bio)dissolution. Moreover, the bacteria contribution to the Zn release from sphalerite played less of an important role compared to its abiotic mobilization. Overall, this study underlines the important role of bacteria at the interface where wastes are exposed to weathering, resulting in accelerated dissolution. The application of bacteria to Co and Mo recovery is an important approach to the detoxification of landfilled wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Potysz
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Geological Sciences, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205, Wrocław, Poland.
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Grosse C, Brandt N, Van Antwerpen P, Wintjens R, Matthijs S. Two new siderophores produced by Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB 10586: The anti-oomycete non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-dependent mupirochelin and the NRPS-independent triabactin. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1143861. [PMID: 37032897 PMCID: PMC10080011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1143861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Globisporangium ultimum is an oomycetal pathogen causing damping-off on over 300 different plant hosts. Currently, as for many phytopathogens, its control relies in the use of chemicals with negative impact on health and ecosystems. Therefore, many biocontrol strategies are under investigation to reduce the use of fungicides. Results In this study, the soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB 10586 demonstrates a strong iron-repressed in vitro antagonism against G. ultimum MUCL 38045. This antagonism does not depend on the secretion of the broad-range antibiotic mupirocin or of the siderophore pyoverdine by the bacterial strain. The inhibitor molecule was identified as a novel non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) siderophore named mupirochelin. Its putative structure bears similarities to other siderophores and bioactive compounds. The transcription of its gene cluster is affected by the biosynthesis of pyoverdine, the major known siderophore of the strain. Besides mupirochelin, we observed the production of a third and novel NRPS-independent siderophore (NIS), here termed triabactin. The iron-responsive transcriptional repression of the two newly identified siderophore gene clusters corroborates their role as iron scavengers. However, their respective contributions to the strain fitness are dissimilar. Bacterial growth in iron-deprived conditions is greatly supported by pyoverdine production and, to a lesser extent, by triabactin. On the contrary, mupirochelin does not contribute to the strain fitness under the studied conditions. Conclusion Altogether, we have demonstrated here that besides pyoverdine, Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB 10586 produces two newly identified siderophores, namely mupirochelin, a weak siderophore with strong antagonism activity against G. ultimum, and the potent siderophore triabactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Grosse
- Unité de Recherche NaturaMonas, Institut de Recherche LABIRIS, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Brandt
- Unité de Recherche NaturaMonas, Institut de Recherche LABIRIS, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3 – Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - René Wintjens
- Unité Microbiologie, Chimie Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Matthijs
- Unité de Recherche NaturaMonas, Institut de Recherche LABIRIS, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sandra Matthijs,
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Iron acquisition strategies in pseudomonads: mechanisms, ecology, and evolution. Biometals 2022:10.1007/s10534-022-00480-8. [PMID: 36508064 PMCID: PMC10393863 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIron is important for bacterial growth and survival, as it is a common co-factor in essential enzymes. Although iron is very abundant in the earth crust, its bioavailability is low in most habitats because ferric iron is largely insoluble under aerobic conditions and at neutral pH. Consequently, bacteria have evolved a plethora of mechanisms to solubilize and acquire iron from environmental and host stocks. In this review, I focus on Pseudomonas spp. and first present the main iron uptake mechanisms of this taxa, which involve the direct uptake of ferrous iron via importers, the production of iron-chelating siderophores, the exploitation of siderophores produced by other microbial species, and the use of iron-chelating compounds produced by plants and animals. In the second part of this review, I elaborate on how these mechanisms affect interactions between bacteria in microbial communities, and between bacteria and their hosts. This is important because Pseudomonas spp. live in diverse communities and certain iron-uptake strategies might have evolved not only to acquire this essential nutrient, but also to gain relative advantages over competitors in the race for iron. Thus, an integrative understanding of the mechanisms of iron acquisition and the eco-evolutionary dynamics they drive at the community level might prove most useful to understand why Pseudomonas spp., in particular, and many other bacterial species, in general, have evolved such diverse iron uptake repertoires.
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Siderophore Synthesis Ability of the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium (NFB) GXGL-4A is Regulated at the Transcriptional Level by a Transcriptional Factor (trX) and an Aminomethyltransferase-Encoding Gene (amt). Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:369. [PMID: 36253498 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Kosakonia radicincitans GXGL-4A, a gram-negative nitrogen-fixing (NF) bacterial strain is coated with a thick capsulatus on the surface of cell wall, which becomes a physical barrier for exogenous DNA to enter the cell, so the operation of genetic transformation is difficult. In this study, an optimized Tn5 transposon mutagenesis system was established by using a high osmotic HO-1 medium combined with the electroporation transformation. Eventually, a mutant library containing a total of 1633 Tn5 insertional mutants were established. Of these mutants, the mutants M81 and M107 were found to have an enhanced capability to synthesize siderophore through the CAS agar plate assay and the spectrophotometric determination. The bacterial cells of two mutants were applied in cucumber growth-promoting experiment. Cucumber seedlings treated with M81 and M107 cells had a significant increase in biomass including seedling height, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, and root length. The whole genome sequencing of the mutants M81 and M107 showed that the integration sites of Tn5 transposon element were located in MmyB-like helix-turn-helix transcription regulator (locus tag: A3780_19720, trX) and aminomethyltransferase-encoding genes (locus tag: A3780_01680, amt) in the genome of GXGL-4A, respectively. The ability of siderophore synthesis of the target mutants was improved by Tn5 insertion mutagenesis, and the mutants obtained showed a good plant growth-promoting effect when applied to the cucumber seedlings. The results suggest that the identified functional genes regulates the biosynthesis of siderophore in azotobacter GXGL-4A, and the specific mechanism needs to be further investigated.
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12
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Perrin EM, Thorn RMS, Sargeant SL, Attridge JW, Reynolds DM. The in situ Production of Aquatic Fluorescent Organic Matter in a Simulated Freshwater Laboratory Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:817976. [PMID: 35283853 PMCID: PMC8912988 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.817976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous throughout aquatic systems. Fluorescence techniques can be used to characterize the fluorescing proportion of DOM, aquatic fluorescent organic matter (AFOM). AFOM is conventionally named in association with specific fluorescence “peaks,” which fluoresce in similar optical regions as microbially-derived proteinaceous material (Peak T), and terrestrially-derived humic-like compounds (Peaks C/C+), with Peak T previously being investigated as a tool for bacterial enumeration within freshwaters. The impact of anthropogenic nutrient loading on the processing of DOM by microbial communities is largely unknown. Previous laboratory studies utilizing environmental freshwater have employed growth media with complex background fluorescence, or very high nutrient concentrations, preventing the investigation of AFOM production under a range of more representative nutrient concentrations within a matrix exhibiting very low background fluorescence. We describe a laboratory-based model with Pseudomonas aeruginosa that incorporates a low fluorescence growth matrix consisting of a simulated freshwater (SFW), representative of low-hardness freshwater systems allowing controlled nutrient conditions to be studied. The effects of microbial processing of DOM as a function of available nitrogen, phosphorous, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the form of glucose were investigated over 48 h at highly resolved time increments. The model system demonstrates the production of a range of complex AFOM peaks in the presence and absence of DOC, revealing no linear relationship between cell numbers and any of the peaks for the bacterial species studied, with AFOM peaks increasing with microbial cell number, ranging from 55.2 quinine sulfate units (QSU) per 106 cells to 155 QSU per 106 cells (p < 0.05) for Peak T during the exponential growth phase of P. aeruginosa under high nutrient conditions with 5 mg L−1 DOC. Nutrient and DOC concentration was found to cause differential production of autochthonous- or allochthonous-like AFOM, with lower DOC concentrations resulting in higher Peak T production relative to Peaks C/C+ upon the addition of nutrients, and high DOC concentrations resulting in higher Peak C/C+ production relative to Peak T. Our results show the production of allochthonous-like AFOM from a simple and non-fluorescent carbon source, and provide uncertainty in the use of Peak T as a reliable surrogate for specific bacterial enumeration, particularly in dynamic or nutrient-impacted environments, pointing toward the use of fluorescence as an indicator for microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Perrin
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M S Thorn
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie L Sargeant
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Darren M Reynolds
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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13
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Iron Homeostasis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Targeting Iron Acquisition and Storage as an Antimicrobial Strategy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:29-68. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Kutsuna R, Mashima I, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Muramatsu Y, Tomida J, Kawamura Y. Chryseobacterium lecithinasegens sp. nov., a siderophore-producing bacterium isolated from soil at the bottom of a pond. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34878376 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial strain PAGU 2197T, which was isolated from soil collected from the bottom of a pond in Japan, is characterized in this study. Cells of strain PAGU 2197T were aerobic, Gram-negative, short rod-shaped, non-motile, flexirubin-producing, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and lecithinase-negative. A phylogenetic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and multilocus sequence analysis (gyrB, rpoB and rpoD) indicated that strain PAGU 2197T belongs to the genus Chryseobacterium and is a member of an independent lineage including Chryseobacterium tructae CCUG 60111T (sequence similarity, 95.9 %), Chryseobacterium lactis CCUG 60566T (93.4 %) and Chryseobacterium viscerum CCUG 60103T (91.6 %). The average nucleotide identity values were 80.83-85.04 %. Because average nucleotide identity values of 95-96 % exceed the 70 % DNA-DNA hybridization cutoff value for species discrimination, strain PAGU 2197T represents a novel species in the genus Chryseobacterium. The genome of strain PAGU 2197T was 4 967 738 bp with a G+C content of 35.5 mol%. The sole respiratory quinone of strain PAGU 2197T was MK-6; the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl); and the major polar lipids were phosphoglycolipids and phosphatidylethanolamine. These results indicate that strain PAGU 2197T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium lecithinasegens sp. nov. is proposed, with strain PAGU 2197T (=NBRC 114264T=CCUG 75150T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kutsuna
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Izumi Mashima
- Department of Oral Medical Science, School of Dentistry, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Muramatsu
- Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junko Tomida
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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15
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Brinkman FSL, Winsor GL, Done RE, Filloux A, Francis VI, Goldberg JB, Greenberg EP, Han K, Hancock REW, Haney CH, Häußler S, Klockgether J, Lamont IL, Levesque RC, Lory S, Nikel PI, Porter SL, Scurlock MW, Schweizer HP, Tümmler B, Wang M, Welch M. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa whole genome sequence: A 20th anniversary celebration. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 79:25-88. [PMID: 34836612 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Toward the end of August 2000, the 6.3 Mbp whole genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 was published. With 5570 open reading frames (ORFs), PAO1 had the largest microbial genome sequenced up to that point in time-including a large proportion of metabolic, transport and antimicrobial resistance genes supporting its ability to colonize diverse environments. A remarkable 9% of its ORFs were predicted to encode proteins with regulatory functions, providing new insight into bacterial network complexity as a function of network size. In this celebratory article, we fast forward 20 years, and examine how access to this resource has transformed our understanding of P. aeruginosa. What follows is more than a simple review or commentary; we have specifically asked some of the leaders in the field to provide personal reflections on how the PAO1 genome sequence, along with the Pseudomonas Community Annotation Project (PseudoCAP) and Pseudomonas Genome Database (pseudomonas.com), have contributed to the many exciting discoveries in this field. In addition to bringing us all up to date with the latest developments, we also ask our contributors to speculate on how the next 20 years of Pseudomonas research might pan out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona S L Brinkman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Geoffrey L Winsor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel E Done
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alain Filloux
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa I Francis
- Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna B Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - E Peter Greenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kook Han
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Cara H Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susanne Häußler
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Klockgether
- Klinik für Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Allergologie und Neonatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iain L Lamont
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Roger C Levesque
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Faculté of Médicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen Lory
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steven L Porter
- Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Herbert P Schweizer
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Klinik für Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Allergologie und Neonatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry (Hopkins Building), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry (Hopkins Building), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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16
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Figueiredo ART, Özkaya Ö, Kümmerli R, Kramer J. Siderophores drive invasion dynamics in bacterial communities through their dual role as public good versus public bad. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:138-150. [PMID: 34753204 PMCID: PMC9299690 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial invasions can compromise ecosystem services and spur dysbiosis and disease in hosts. Nevertheless, the mechanisms determining invasion outcomes often remain unclear. Here, we examine the role of iron‐scavenging siderophores in driving invasions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into resident communities of environmental pseudomonads. Siderophores can be ‘public goods’ by delivering iron to individuals possessing matching receptors; but they can also be ‘public bads’ by withholding iron from competitors lacking these receptors. Accordingly, siderophores should either promote or impede invasion, depending on their effects on invader and resident growth. Using supernatant feeding and invasion assays, we show that invasion success indeed increased when the invader could use its siderophores to inhibit (public bad) rather than stimulate (public good) resident growth. Conversely, invasion success decreased the more the invader was inhibited by the residents’ siderophores. Our findings identify siderophores as a major driver of invasion dynamics in bacterial communities under iron‐limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre R T Figueiredo
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Özhan Özkaya
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Kümmerli
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jos Kramer
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Shrestha HK, Appidi MR, Villalobos Solis MI, Wang J, Carper DL, Burdick L, Pelletier DA, Doktycz MJ, Hettich RL, Abraham PE. Metaproteomics reveals insights into microbial structure, interactions, and dynamic regulation in defined communities as they respond to environmental disturbance. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:308. [PMID: 34749649 PMCID: PMC8574000 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microbe-microbe interactions between members of the plant rhizosphere are important but remain poorly understood. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms used by microbes to cooperate, compete, and persist has been challenging because of the complexity of natural ecosystems and the limited control over environmental factors. One strategy to address this challenge relies on studying complexity in a progressive manner, by first building a detailed understanding of relatively simple subsets of the community and then achieving high predictive power through combining different building blocks (e.g., hosts, community members) for different environments. Herein, we coupled this reductionist approach with high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metaproteomics to study molecular mechanisms driving community assembly, adaptation, and functionality for a defined community of ten taxonomically diverse bacterial members of Populus deltoides rhizosphere co-cultured either in a complex or defined medium. Results Metaproteomics showed this defined community assembled into distinct microbiomes based on growth media that eventually exhibit composition and functional stability over time. The community grown in two different media showed variation in composition, yet both were dominated by only a few microbial strains. Proteome-wide interrogation provided detailed insights into the functional behavior of each dominant member as they adjust to changing community compositions and environments. The emergence and persistence of select microbes in these communities were driven by specialization in strategies including motility, antibiotic production, altered metabolism, and dormancy. Protein-level interrogation identified post-translational modifications that provided additional insights into regulatory mechanisms influencing microbial adaptation in the changing environments. Conclusions This study provides high-resolution proteome-level insights into our understanding of microbe-microbe interactions and highlights specialized biological processes carried out by specific members of assembled microbiomes to compete and persist in changing environmental conditions. Emergent properties observed in these lower complexity communities can then be re-evaluated as more complex systems are studied and, when a particular property becomes less relevant, higher-order interactions can be identified. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02370-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Him K Shrestha
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 37996, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Manasa R Appidi
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 37996, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | | | - Jia Wang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dana L Carper
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Leah Burdick
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dale A Pelletier
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Mitchel J Doktycz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Paul E Abraham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.
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18
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De León ME, Wilson HS, Jospin G, Eisen JA. Draft Genome Sequences and Genomic Analysis for Pigment Production in Bacteria Isolated from Blue Discolored Soymilk and Tofu. J Genomics 2021; 9:55-67. [PMID: 34646396 PMCID: PMC8490086 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.65500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-tolerant bacteria are known to contaminate and cause defects in refrigerated foods. Defects in food products can be observed as changes in appearance, texture, and/or flavor that detract from the product's intended look, feel, or taste. Two distinct organisms were cultured from blue pigmented soymilk and tofu that had been left opened and expired in a home refrigerator. The blue coloration was reproduced when isolates were cultured in fresh, sterile soymilk. These strains also produced a variety of colony color morphologies when cultured on different media types. We report two draft genome sequences of the potential causative agents of blue discoloration of soy foods, Pseudomonas carnis strains UCD_MED3 and UCD_MED7 as well as the 16S rRNA gene sequences of co-occurring strains isolated from the defective soy samples but that did not cause blue discoloration when cultured in fresh soymilk; Serratia liquefaciens strains UCD_MED2 and UCD_MED5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E De León
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA.,UC Davis Genome Center, 451 Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Harriet S Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sierra College, 5100 Sierra College Blvd, Rocklin, CA 95677 USA
| | - Guillaume Jospin
- UC Davis Genome Center, 451 Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616 USA.,AnimalBiome, Oakland, CA 94609 USA
| | - Jonathan A Eisen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA.,UC Davis Genome Center, 451 Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616 USA.,Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA
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19
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Nandre V, Kumbhar N, Battu S, Kale Y, Bagade A, Haram S, Kodam K. Siderophore mediated mineralization of struvite: A novel greener route of sustainable phosphate management. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117511. [PMID: 34375932 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and sustainable removal of phosphate ions from an aqueous solution is of great challenge. Herein we demonstrated a greener route for phosphate recovery through struvite formation by using bacterial siderophore. This method was efficient for removal of phosphate as low as 1.3 mM with 99% recovery efficiency. The siderophore produced by Pseudomonas taiwanensis R-12-2 act as template for the nucleation of struvite crystals and was found sustainable for recycling the phosphorous efficiently after twenty cycles. The formation of struvite crystals is driven by surrounding pH (9.0) and presence of Mg2+ and NH4+ ions along with PO43- and siderophore which was further validated by computational studies. The morphology of struvite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, followed by elemental analysis. Furthermore, our results revealed that the siderophore plays an important role in struvite biomineralization. We have successfully demonstrated the phosphate sequestration by using industrial waste samples, as possible application for environmental sustainability and phosphate conservation. For the first time electrochemical super-capacitance performance of the struvite was studied. The specific capacitance value for the struvite was found to be 320 F g-1 at 1.87 A g-1 and retained 92 % capacitance after 250 cycles. The study revealed the potential implications of siderophore for the phosphate recycling and the new mechanism for biomineralization by sequestering into struvite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Nandre
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Navanath Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shateesh Battu
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Yuvraj Kale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Aditi Bagade
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Santosh Haram
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Kisan Kodam
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
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20
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Bach E, Passaglia LMP, Jiao J, Gross H. Burkholderia in the genomic era: from taxonomy to the discovery of new antimicrobial secondary metabolites. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:121-160. [PMID: 34346791 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1946009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Species of Burkholderia are highly versatile being found not only abundantly in soil, but also as plants and animals' commensals or pathogens. Their complex multireplicon genomes harbour an impressive number of polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide-synthetase (NRPS) genes coding for the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites (SMs), which have been successfully deciphered by genome-guided tools. Moreover, genome metrics supported the split of this genus into Burkholderia sensu stricto (s.s.) and five new other genera. Here, we show that the successful antimicrobial SMs producers belong to Burkholderia s.s. Additionally, we reviewed the occurrence, bioactivities, modes of action, structural, and biosynthetic information of thirty-eight Burkholderia antimicrobial SMs shedding light on their diversity, complexity, and uniqueness as well as the importance of genome-guided strategies to facilitate their discovery. Several Burkholderia NRPS and PKS display unusual features, which are reflected in their structural diversity, important bioactivities, and varied modes of action. Up to now, it is possible to observe a general tendency of Burkholderia SMs being more active against fungi. Although the modes of action and biosynthetic gene clusters of many SMs remain unknown, we highlight the potential of Burkholderia SMs as alternatives to fight against new diseases and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelise Bach
- Departamento de Genética and Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Pereira Passaglia
- Departamento de Genética and Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Junjing Jiao
- Department for Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Department for Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Mahajan SG, Nandre VS, Kodam KM, Kulkarni MV. Desferrioxamine E produced by an indigenous salt tolerant Pseudomonas stutzeri stimulates iron uptake of Triticum aestivum L. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Sohn SI, Ahn JH, Pandian S, Oh YJ, Shin EK, Kang HJ, Cho WS, Cho YS, Shin KS. Dynamics of Bacterial Community Structure in the Rhizosphere and Root Nodule of Soybean: Impacts of Growth Stages and Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5577. [PMID: 34070397 PMCID: PMC8197538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities in rhizosphere and root nodules have significant contributions to the growth and productivity of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In this report, we analyzed the physiological properties and dynamics of bacterial community structure in rhizosphere and root nodules at different growth stages using BioLog EcoPlate and high-throughput sequencing technology, respectively. The BioLog assay found that the metabolic capability of rhizosphere is in increasing trend in the growth of soybeans as compared to the bulk soil. As a result of the Illumina sequencing analysis, the microbial community structure of rhizosphere and root nodules was found to be influenced by the variety and growth stage of the soybean. At the phylum level, Actinobacteria were the most abundant in rhizosphere at all growth stages, followed by Alphaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria, and the phylum Bacteroidetes showed the greatest change. But, in the root nodules Alphaproteobacteria were dominant. The results of the OTU analysis exhibited the dominance of Bradyrhizobium during the entire stage of growth, but the ratio of non-rhizobial bacteria showed an increasing trend as the soybean growth progressed. These findings revealed that bacterial community in the rhizosphere and root nodules changed according to both the variety and growth stages of soybean in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-In Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (E.-K.S.); (H.-J.K.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Jae-Hyung Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 55365, Korea;
| | - Subramani Pandian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (E.-K.S.); (H.-J.K.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Young-Ju Oh
- Institute for Future Environmental Ecology Co., Ltd., Jeonju 54883, Korea;
| | - Eun-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (E.-K.S.); (H.-J.K.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Hyeon-Jung Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (E.-K.S.); (H.-J.K.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Woo-Suk Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (E.-K.S.); (H.-J.K.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Youn-Sung Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (E.-K.S.); (H.-J.K.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Kong-Sik Shin
- Audit and Inspection Office, Rural Development of Administration, Jeonju 54875, Korea;
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23
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Subramoni S, Muzaki MZBM, Booth SCM, Kjelleberg S, Rice SA. N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Mediated Quorum Sensing Regulates Species Interactions in Multispecies Biofilm Communities. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:646991. [PMID: 33869078 PMCID: PMC8044998 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.646991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are important medically, environmentally and industrially and there is a need to understand the processes that govern functional synergy and dynamics of species within biofilm communities. Here, we have used a model, mixed-species biofilm community comprised of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 and Klebsiella pneumoniae KP1. This biofilm community displays higher biomass and increased resilience to antimicrobial stress conditions such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and tobramycin, compared to monospecies biofilm populations. P. aeruginosa is present at low proportions in the community and yet, it plays a critical role in community function, suggesting it acts as a keystone species in this community. To determine the factors that regulate community composition, we focused on P. aeruginosa because of its pronounced impact on community structure and function. Specifically, we evaluated the role of the N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) dependent quorum sensing (QS) system of P. aeruginosa PAO1, which regulates group behaviors including biofilm formation and the production of effector molecules. We found that mixed species biofilms containing P. aeruginosa QS mutants had significantly altered proportions of K. pneumoniae and P. protegens populations compared to mixed species biofilms with the wild type P. aeruginosa. Similarly, inactivation of QS effector genes, e.g. rhlA and pvdR, also governed the relative species proportions. While the absence of QS did not alter the proportions of the two species in dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, it resulted in significantly lower proportions of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens. These observations suggest that QS plays an important role in modulating community biofilm structure and physiology and affects interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Subramoni
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Zulfadhly Bin Mohammad Muzaki
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean C M Booth
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,ithree Institute, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Houshmandyar S, Eggleston IM, Bolhuis A. Biofilm-specific uptake of a 4-pyridone-based iron chelator by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biometals 2021; 34:315-328. [PMID: 33428087 PMCID: PMC7940164 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for virtually all microbes and limiting the concentration of available iron is a potential strategy to be used as an alternative to antibiotic treatment. In this study we analysed the antimicrobial activity of two chelators, specifically 3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4(1H)-pyridone (deferiprone, DFP), which is clinically approved for the treatment of iron overload disorders, and its 1,2-diethyl homologue, CP94. Both compounds showed moderate activity towards planktonically growing P. aeruginosa cells, and the mechanism of action of these chelators was indeed by limiting the amount of free iron. Surprisingly, the compounds behaved very differently when the cells were grown in biofilms. DFP also showed inhibitory effects on biofilm formation but in contrast, CP94 stimulated this process, in particular at high concentrations. We hypothesised that CP94 behaves as an iron carrier, which was confirmed by our observation that it had antimicrobial synergy with the toxic metals, gallium and copper. This suggests that P. aeruginosa produces a biofilm-specific transport protein that recognises CP94 but not the closely related compound DFP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian M Eggleston
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Albert Bolhuis
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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25
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Pahlavan Yali M, Hajmalek M. Interactions Between Brassicae napus and Pseudomonas putida (Strain ATCC12633) and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by the Bacterium. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:679-687. [PMID: 33403487 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brassica napus L. is a main oilseed crop cultivated around the world. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are generally applied to a wide range of agricultural crops for the growth enhancement. In this study, an I-plate technique was used to investigate the plant growth-promoting activity of Pseudomonas putida (strain ATCC12633) on B. napus plants. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by P. putida were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. Furthermore, P. putida were evaluated for its efficacy to induce resistance-related enzymes like peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), and other biochemical compounds such as proline (Pro) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in B. napus plants. According to the results, P. putida significantly increased the growth of B. napus compared to control. The major VOCs released by P. putida were 2-Butynedioic acid, dimethyl ester, Dimethyl ester of 4,7-dimethylnaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, N-[3-Methylaminopropyl]aziridine, Cyclododecane, and Hexadecanoic acid. B. napus seeds treatment with P. putida caused enhanced activities of POD, PAL, CAT, Pro, and H2O2 compared to control. So, the results of the present study showed that inoculation of B. napus with P. putida could serve as a useful tool for promoting the plant growth and inducing systemic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pahlavan Yali
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maryam Hajmalek
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Pseudomonas orientalis F9 Pyoverdine, Safracin, and Phenazine Mutants Remain Effective Antagonists against Erwinia amylovora in Apple Flowers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02620-19. [PMID: 32033956 PMCID: PMC7117935 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02620-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas orientalis F9 is an antagonist of the economically important phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in pomme fruit. On King’s B medium, P. orientalis F9 produces a pyoverdine siderophore and the antibiotic safracin. P. orientalis F9 transposon mutants lacking these factors fail to antagonize E. amylovora, depending on the in vitro assay. On isolated flowers and in soil microcosms, however, pyoverdine, safracin, and phenazine mutants control phytopathogens as clearly as their parental strains. The recently characterized strain Pseudomonas orientalis F9, an isolate from apple flowers in a Swiss orchard, exhibits antagonistic traits against phytopathogens. At high colonization densities, it exhibits phytotoxicity against apple flowers. P. orientalis F9 harbors biosynthesis genes for the siderophore pyoverdine as well as for the antibiotics safracin and phenazine. To elucidate the role of the three compounds in biocontrol, we screened a large random knockout library of P. orientalis F9 strains for lack of pyoverdine production or in vitro antagonism. Transposon mutants that lacked the ability for fluorescence carried transposons in pyoverdine production genes. Mutants unable to antagonize Erwinia amylovora in an in vitro double-layer assay carried transposon insertions in the safracin gene cluster. As no phenazine transposon mutant could be identified using the chosen selection criteria, we constructed a site-directed deletion mutant. Pyoverdine-, safracin-, and phenazine mutants were tested for their abilities to counteract the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovoraex vivo on apple flowers or the soilborne pathogen Pythium ultimumin vivo in a soil microcosm. In contrast to some in vitro assays, ex vivo and in vivo assays did not reveal significant differences between parental and mutant strains in their antagonistic activities. This suggests that, ex vivo and in vivo, other factors, such as competition for resources or space, are more important than the tested antibiotics or pyoverdine for successful antagonism of P. orientalis F9 against phytopathogens in the performed assays. IMPORTANCEPseudomonas orientalis F9 is an antagonist of the economically important phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in pomme fruit. On King’s B medium, P. orientalis F9 produces a pyoverdine siderophore and the antibiotic safracin. P. orientalis F9 transposon mutants lacking these factors fail to antagonize E. amylovora, depending on the in vitro assay. On isolated flowers and in soil microcosms, however, pyoverdine, safracin, and phenazine mutants control phytopathogens as clearly as their parental strains.
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Bashir A, Tian T, Yu X, Meng C, Ali M, Li L. Pyoverdine-Mediated Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Pseudomonas syringae MB03 and the Role of Iron in Its Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062198. [PMID: 32235814 PMCID: PMC7139650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of the common phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae toward Caenorhabditis elegans has been recently demonstrated. However, the major virulence factors involved in this interaction remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the nematocidal activity of P. syringae against C. elegans under iron-sufficient/limited conditions, primarily focusing on the role of the ferric chelator pyoverdine in a P. syringae–C. elegans liquid-based pathogenicity model. Prediction-based analysis of pyoverdine-encoding genes in the genome of the wild-type P. syringae strain MB03 revealed that the genes are located in one large cluster. Two non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes (pvdD and pvdJ) were disrupted via a Rec/TE recombination system, resulting in mutant strains with abrogated pyoverdine production and attenuated virulence against C. elegans. When used alone, pure pyoverdine also showed nematocidal activity. The role of iron used alone or with pyoverdine was further investigated in mutant and MB03-based bioassays. The results indicated that pyoverdine in P. syringae MB03 is a robust virulence factor that promotes the killing of C. elegans. We speculate that pyoverdine functions as a virulence determinant by capturing environmentally available iron for host bacterial cells, by limiting its availability for C. elegans worms, and by regulating and/or activating other intracellular virulence factors that ultimately kills C. elegans worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Bashir
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.B.); (T.T.); (X.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.B.); (T.T.); (X.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Xun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.B.); (T.T.); (X.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Cui Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.B.); (T.T.); (X.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.B.); (T.T.); (X.Y.); (M.A.)
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.B.); (T.T.); (X.Y.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-6952
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Schalk IJ, Rigouin C, Godet J. An overview of siderophore biosynthesis among fluorescent Pseudomonads and new insights into their complex cellular organization. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:1447-1466. [PMID: 32011068 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores are iron-chelating molecules produced by bacteria to access iron, a key nutrient. These compounds have highly diverse chemical structures, with various chelating groups. They are released by bacteria into their environment to scavenge iron and bring it back into the cells. The biosynthesis of siderophores requires complex enzymatic processes and expression of the enzymes involved is very finely regulated by iron availability and diverse transcriptional regulators. Recent data have also highlighted the organization of the enzymes involved in siderophore biosynthesis into siderosomes, multi-enzymatic complexes involved in siderophore synthesis. An understanding of siderophore biosynthesis is of great importance, as these compounds have many potential biotechnological applications because of their metal-chelating properties and their key role in bacterial growth and virulence. This review focuses on the biosynthesis of siderophores produced by fluorescent Pseudomonads, bacteria capable of colonizing a large variety of ecological niches. They are characterized by the production of chromopeptide siderophores, called pyoverdines, which give the typical green colour characteristic of fluorescent pseudomonad cultures. Secondary siderophores are also produced by these strains and can have highly diverse structures (such as pyochelins, pseudomonine, yersiniabactin, corrugatin, achromobactin and quinolobactin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle J Schalk
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Coraline Rigouin
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Godet
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de BioImagerie et Pathologies, UMR CNRS, 7021, Illkirch, France
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30
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Peppoloni S, Pericolini E, Colombari B, Pinetti D, Cermelli C, Fini F, Prati F, Caselli E, Blasi E. The β-Lactamase Inhibitor Boronic Acid Derivative SM23 as a New Anti- Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:35. [PMID: 32117094 PMCID: PMC7018986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen, often causative agent of severe device-related infections, given its great capacity to form biofilm. P. aeruginosa finely regulates the expression of numerous virulence factors, including biofilm production, by Quorum Sensing (QS), a cell-to-cell communication mechanism used by many bacteria. Selective inhibition of QS-controlled pathogenicity without affecting bacterial growth may represent a novel promising strategy to overcome the well-known and widespread drug resistance of P. aeruginosa. In this study, we investigated the effects of SM23, a boronic acid derivate specifically designed as β-lactamase inhibitor, on biofilm formation and virulence factors production by P. aeruginosa. Our results indicated that SM23: (1) inhibited biofilm development and production of several virulence factors, such as pyoverdine, elastase, and pyocyanin, without affecting bacterial growth; (2) decreased the levels of 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL, two QS-related autoinducer molecules, in line with a dampened lasR/lasI system; (3) failed to bind to bacterial cells that had been preincubated with P. aeruginosa-conditioned medium; and (4) reduced both biofilm formation and pyoverdine production by P. aeruginosa onto endotracheal tubes, as assessed by a new in vitro model closely mimicking clinical settings. Taken together, our results indicate that, besides inhibiting β-lactamase, SM23 can also act as powerful inhibitor of P. aeruginosa biofilm, suggesting that it may have a potential application in the prevention and treatment of biofilm-associated P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Peppoloni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Bruna Colombari
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Diego Pinetti
- Centro Interdipartimentale "Grandi Strumenti" (CIGS), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Cermelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Fini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Prati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Emilia Caselli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Blasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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31
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Dauner M, Skerra A. Scavenging Bacterial Siderophores with Engineered Lipocalin Proteins as an Alternative Antimicrobial Strategy. Chembiochem 2019; 21:601-606. [PMID: 31613035 PMCID: PMC7079049 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron acquisition mediated by siderophores, high-affinity chelators for which bacteria have evolved specific synthesis and uptake mechanisms, plays a crucial role in microbiology and in host-pathogen interactions. In the ongoing fight against bacterial infections, this area has attracted biomedical interest. Beyond several approaches to interfere with siderophore-mediated iron uptake from medicinal and immunochemistry, the development of high-affinity protein scavengers that tightly complex the siderophores produced by pathogenic bacteria has appeared as a novel strategy. Such binding proteins have been engineered based on siderocalin-also known as lipocalin 2-an endogenous human scavenger of enterobactin and bacillibactin that controls the systemic spreading of commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli. By using combinatorial protein design, siderocalin was reshaped to bind several siderophores from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, in particular, petrobactin from Bacillus anthracis, none of which is recognized by the natural protein. Such engineered versions of siderocalin effectively suppress the growth of corresponding pathogenic bacteria by depriving them of their iron supply and offer the potential to complement antibiotic therapy in situations of acute or persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dauner
- Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3a, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Arne Skerra
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Magro M, Baratella D, Jakubec P, Corraducci V, Fasolato L, Cardazzo B, Novelli E, Zoppellaro G, Zboril R, Vianello F. H 2O 2Tolerance in Pseudomonas Fluorescens: Synergy between Pyoverdine‐Iron(III) Complex and a Blue Extracellular Product Revealed by a Nanotechnology‐Based Electrochemical Approach. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Magro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of Padua Legnaro 35026 Italy
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc Olomouc 77146 Czech Republic
| | - Davide Baratella
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of Padua Legnaro 35026 Italy
| | - Petr Jakubec
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc Olomouc 77146 Czech Republic
| | - Vittorino Corraducci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of Padua Legnaro 35026 Italy
| | - Luca Fasolato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of Padua Legnaro 35026 Italy
| | - Barbara Cardazzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of Padua Legnaro 35026 Italy
| | - Enrico Novelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of Padua Legnaro 35026 Italy
| | - Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc Olomouc 77146 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc Olomouc 77146 Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of Padua Legnaro 35026 Italy
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Meto A, Colombari B, Sala A, Pericolini E, Meto A, Peppoloni S, Blasi E. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of a copper/calcium hydroxide-based endodontic paste against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:591-603. [PMID: 31257304 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic biofilm is a microbial community, enclosed in a polymeric matrix of polysaccharide origin where are found pathogens, like bacteria and opportunistic fungi responsible for various endodontic pathologies. As clinical importance is the fact, that biofilm is extremely resistant to common intracanal irrigants, antimicrobial drugs and host immune responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of a Cu/CaOH2-based endodontic paste, against bacteria and fungi, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. We found that such compound significantly reduced microbial replication time and cell growth. Moreover, biofilm formation and persistence were also affected; treated biofilms showed both a reduced number of cells and levels of released pyoverdine. This study provides the first evidence on effectiveness of this endodontic compound against microbial biofilms. Given its wide range of action, its use in prevention and treatment of the main oral biofilm-associated infections will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Meto
- School of Doctorate in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
| | - Bruna Colombari
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
| | - Arianna Sala
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
| | - Agron Meto
- Department of Therapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Aldent University
| | - Samuele Peppoloni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
| | - Elisabetta Blasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.,School of Specialization in Microbiology and Virology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
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34
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Post SJ, Shapiro JA, Wuest WM. Connecting iron acquisition and biofilm formation in the ESKAPE pathogens as a strategy for combatting antibiotic resistance. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:505-512. [PMID: 31057729 PMCID: PMC6482887 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria has become a problem of global concern. Of particular interest are the ESKAPE pathogens, species with high rates of multi-drug resistant infections. Novel antibiotic mechanisms of action are necessary to compliment traditional therapeutics. Recent research has focused on targeting virulence factors as a method of combatting infection without creating selective pressure for resistance or damaging the host commensal microbiome. Some investigations into one such virulence behavior, iron acquisition, have displayed additional effects on another virulence behavior, biofilm formation. The use of exogenous iron-chelators, gallium as an iron mimic, and inhibition of siderophore-mediated iron acquisition are all strategies for disturbing iron-homeostasis that have implicated effects on biofilms. However, the exact nature of this connection remains ambiguous. Herein we summarize these findings and identify opportunities for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah J Post
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA .
| | - Justin A Shapiro
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA .
| | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA .
- Antibiotic Resistance Center , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA
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35
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Mozzi A, Forni D, Clerici M, Cagliani R, Sironi M. The Diversity of Mammalian Hemoproteins and Microbial Heme Scavengers Is Shaped by an Arms Race for Iron Piracy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2086. [PMID: 30271410 PMCID: PMC6142043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for most living species. In mammals, hemoglobin (Hb) stores more than two thirds of the body's iron content. In the bloodstream, haptoglobin (Hp) and hemopexin (Hpx) sequester free Hb or heme. Pathogenic microorganisms usually acquire iron from their hosts and have evolved complex systems of iron piracy to circumvent nutritional immunity. Herein, we performed an evolutionary analysis of genes coding for mammalian heme-binding proteins and heme-scavengers in pathogen species. The underlying hypothesis is that these molecules are engaged in a molecular arms race. We show that positive selection drove the evolution of mammalian Hb and Hpx. Positively selected sites in Hb are located at the interaction surface with Neisseria meningitidis heme scavenger HpuA and with Staphylococcus aureus iron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB). In turn, positively selected sites in HpuA and IsdB are located in the flexible protein regions that contact Hb. A residue in Hb (S45H) was also selected on the Caprinae branch. This site stabilizes the interaction with Trypanosoma brucei hemoglobin-haptoglobin (HbHp) receptor (TbHpHbR), a molecule that also mediates trypanosome lytic factor (TLF) entry. In TbHpHbR, positive selection drove the evolution of a variant (L210S) which allows evasion from TLF but reduces affinity for HbHp. Finally, selected sites in Hpx are located at the interaction surface with the Haemophilus influenzae hemophore HxuA, which in turn displays fast evolving sites at the Hpx-binding interface. These results shed light into host-pathogens conflicts and establish the importance of nutritional immunity as an evolutionary force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mozzi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bioinformatics, Lecco, Italy
| | - Diego Forni
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bioinformatics, Lecco, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bioinformatics, Lecco, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bioinformatics, Lecco, Italy
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Sánchez-Hevia DL, Yuste L, Moreno R, Rojo F. Influence of the Hfq and Crc global regulators on the control of iron homeostasis inPseudomonas putida. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3484-3503. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dione L. Sánchez-Hevia
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco; Madrid, 28049 Spain
| | - Luis Yuste
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco; Madrid, 28049 Spain
| | - Renata Moreno
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco; Madrid, 28049 Spain
| | - Fernando Rojo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco; Madrid, 28049 Spain
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Zengerer V, Schmid M, Bieri M, Müller DC, Remus-Emsermann MNP, Ahrens CH, Pelludat C. Pseudomonas orientalis F9: A Potent Antagonist against Phytopathogens with Phytotoxic Effect in the Apple Flower. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:145. [PMID: 29479340 PMCID: PMC5811506 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of public concerns over the use of pesticides and antibiotics in plant protection and the subsequent selection for spread of resistant bacteria in the environment, it is inevitable to broaden our knowledge about viable alternatives, such as natural antagonists and their mode of action. The genus Pseudomonas is known for its metabolic versatility and genetic plasticity, encompassing pathogens as well as antagonists. We characterized strain Pseudomonas orientalis F9, an isolate from apple flowers in a Swiss orchard, and determined its antagonistic activity against several phytopathogenic bacteria, in particular Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. P. orientalis F9 displayed antagonistic activity against a broad suite of phytopathogenic bacteria in the in vitro tests. The promising results from this analysis led to an ex vivo assay with E. amylovora CFBP1430Rif and P. orientalis F9 infected detached apple flowers. F9 diminished the fire blight pathogen in the flowers but also revealed phytotoxic traits. The experimental results were discussed in light of the complete genome sequence of F9, which revealed the strain to carry phenazine genes. Phenazines are known to contribute to antagonistic activity of bacterial strains against soil pathogens. When tested in the cress assay with Pythium ultimum as pathogen, F9 showed results comparable to the known antagonist P. protegens CHA0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Schmid
- Competence Division Methods Development, Analytics and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bieri
- Plant Protection Research Division, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denise C. Müller
- Plant Protection Research Division, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitja N. P. Remus-Emsermann
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christian H. Ahrens
- Competence Division Methods Development, Analytics and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cosima Pelludat
- Plant Protection Research Division, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
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Butt AT, Thomas MS. Iron Acquisition Mechanisms and Their Role in the Virulence of Burkholderia Species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:460. [PMID: 29164069 PMCID: PMC5681537 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia is a genus within the β-Proteobacteriaceae that contains at least 90 validly named species which can be found in a diverse range of environments. A number of pathogenic species occur within the genus. These include Burkholderia cenocepacia and Burkholderia multivorans, opportunistic pathogens that can infect the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis, and are members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). Burkholderia pseudomallei is also an opportunistic pathogen, but in contrast to Bcc species it causes the tropical human disease melioidosis, while its close relative Burkholderia mallei is the causative agent of glanders in horses. For these pathogens to survive within a host and cause disease they must be able to acquire iron. This chemical element is essential for nearly all living organisms due to its important role in many enzymes and metabolic processes. In the mammalian host, the amount of accessible free iron is negligible due to the low solubility of the metal ion in its higher oxidation state and the tight binding of this element by host proteins such as ferritin and lactoferrin. As with other pathogenic bacteria, Burkholderia species have evolved an array of iron acquisition mechanisms with which to capture iron from the host environment. These mechanisms include the production and utilization of siderophores and the possession of a haem uptake system. Here, we summarize the known mechanisms of iron acquisition in pathogenic Burkholderia species and discuss the evidence for their importance in the context of virulence and the establishment of infection in the host. We have also carried out an extensive bioinformatic analysis to identify which siderophores are produced by each Burkholderia species that is pathogenic to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Butt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Thomas
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Walitang DI, Kim K, Madhaiyan M, Kim YK, Kang Y, Sa T. Characterizing endophytic competence and plant growth promotion of bacterial endophytes inhabiting the seed endosphere of Rice. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:209. [PMID: 29073903 PMCID: PMC5658939 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) seeds as plant microbiome present both an opportunity and a challenge to colonizing bacterial community living in close association with plants. Nevertheless, the roles and activities of bacterial endophytes remain largely unexplored and insights into plant-microbe interaction are compounded by its complexity. In this study, putative functions or physiological properties associated with bacterial endophytic nature were assessed. Also, endophytic roles in plant growth and germination that may allow them to be selectively chosen by plants were also studied. Results The cultivable seed endophytes were dominated by Proteobacteria particularly class Gammaproteobacteria. Highly identical type strains were isolated from the seed endosphere regardless of the rice host’s physiological tolerance to salinity. Among the type strains, Flavobacterium sp., Microbacterium sp. and Xanthomonas sp. were isolated from the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars. PCA-Biplot ordination also showed that specific type strains isolated from different rice cultivars have distinguishing similar characteristics. Flavobacterium sp. strains are phosphate solubilizers and indole-3-acetic acid producers with high tolerance to salinity and osmotic stress. Pseudomonas strains are characterized as high siderophore producers while Microbacterium sp. and Xanthomonas sp. strains have very high pectinase and cellulase activity. Among the physiological traits of the seed endophytes, bacterial pectinase and cellulase activity are positively correlated as well as salt and osmotic tolerance. Overall characterization shows that majority of the isolates could survive in 4–8% salt concentration as well as in 0.6 M and 1.2 M sucrose solution. The activities of catalase, pectinase and cellulase were also observed in almost all of the isolates indicating the importance of these characteristics for survival and colonization into the seed endosphere. Seed bacterial endophytes also showed promising plant growth promoting activities including hormone modulation, nitrogen fixation, siderophore production and phosphate solubilization. Conclusion Though many of the isolates possess similar PGP and endophytic physiological traits, this study shows some prominent and distinguishing traits among bacterial groups indicating key determinants for their success as endophytes in the rice seed endosphere. Rice seeds are also inhabited by bacterial endophytes that promote growth during early seedling development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-017-1117-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver I Walitang
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Munusamy Madhaiyan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Biomaterials and Biocatalyst, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Young Kee Kim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongyeong Kang
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Tongmin Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Frank SA. Receptor uptake arrays for vitamin B 12, siderophores, and glycans shape bacterial communities. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10175-10195. [PMID: 29238546 PMCID: PMC5723603 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular variants of vitamin B12, siderophores, and glycans occur. To take up variant forms, bacteria may express an array of receptors. The gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron has three different receptors to take up variants of vitamin B12 and 88 receptors to take up various glycans. The design of receptor arrays reflects key processes that shape cellular evolution. Competition may focus each species on a subset of the available nutrient diversity. Some gut bacteria can take up only a narrow range of carbohydrates, whereas species such as B. thetaiotaomicron can digest many different complex glycans. Comparison of different nutrients, habitats, and genomes provides opportunity to test hypotheses about the breadth of receptor arrays. Another important process concerns fluctuations in nutrient availability. Such fluctuations enhance the value of cellular sensors, which gain information about environmental availability and adjust receptor deployment. Bacteria often adjust receptor expression in response to fluctuations of particular carbohydrate food sources. Some species may adjust expression of uptake receptors for specific siderophores. How do cells use sensor information to control the response to fluctuations? This question about regulatory wiring relates to problems that arise in control theory and artificial intelligence. Control theory clarifies how to analyze environmental fluctuations in relation to the design of sensors and response systems. Recent advances in deep learning studies of artificial intelligence focus on the architecture of regulatory wiring and the ways in which complex control networks represent and classify environmental states. I emphasize the similar design problems that arise in cellular evolution, control theory, and artificial intelligence. I connect those broad conceptual aspects to many testable hypotheses for bacterial uptake of vitamin B12, siderophores, and glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Frank
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
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41
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Bastiaansen KC, Civantos C, Bitter W, Llamas MA. New Insights into the Regulation of Cell-Surface Signaling Activity Acquired from a Mutagenesis Screen of the Pseudomonas putida IutY Sigma/Anti-Sigma Factor. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:747. [PMID: 28512454 PMCID: PMC5411451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface signaling (CSS) is a signal transfer system that allows Gram-negative bacteria to detect environmental signals and generate a cytosolic response. These systems are composed of an outer membrane receptor that senses the inducing signal, an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor (σECF) that targets the cytosolic response by modifying gene expression and a cytoplasmic membrane anti-sigma factor that keeps the σECF in an inactive state in the absence of the signal and transduces its presence from the outer membrane to the cytosol. Although CSS systems regulate bacterial processes as crucial as stress response, iron scavenging and virulence, the exact mechanisms that drive CSS are still not completely understood. Binding of the signal to the CSS receptor is known to trigger a signaling cascade that results in the regulated proteolysis of the anti-sigma factor and the activation of the σECF in the cytosol. This study was carried out to generate new insights in the proteolytic activation of CSS σECF. We performed a random mutagenesis screen of the unique IutY protein of Pseudomonas putida, a protein that combines a cytosolic σECF domain and a periplasmic anti-sigma factor domain in a single polypeptide. In response to the presence of an iron carrier, the siderophore aerobactin, in the extracellular medium, IutY is processed by two different proteases, Prc and RseP, which results in the release and activation of the σIutY domain. Our experiments show that all IutY mutant proteins that contain periplasmic residues depend on RseP for activation. In contrast, Prc is only required for mutant variants with a periplasmic domain longer than 50 amino acids, which indicates that the periplasmic region of IutY is trimmed down to ~50 amino acids creating the RseP substrate. Moreover, we have identified several conserved residues in the CSS anti-sigma factor family of which mutation leads to constitutive activation of their cognate σECF. These findings advance our knowledge on how CSS activity is regulated by the consecutive action of two proteases. Elucidation of the exact mechanism behind CSS activation will enable the development of strategies to block CSS in pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn C Bastiaansen
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)Granada, Spain.,Section of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cristina Civantos
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)Granada, Spain
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Section of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - María A Llamas
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)Granada, Spain
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42
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Niehus R, Picot A, Oliveira NM, Mitri S, Foster KR. The evolution of siderophore production as a competitive trait. Evolution 2017; 71:1443-1455. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Niehus
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; South Parks Road OX1 3PS Oxford United Kingdom
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU); 10400 Bangkok Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; University of Oxford; Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Aurore Picot
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; South Parks Road OX1 3PS Oxford United Kingdom
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, UPEC, Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, INRA, IRD; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences-Paris (iEES Paris); 7 quai Saint-Bernard 75 252 Paris France
| | - Nuno M. Oliveira
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; South Parks Road OX1 3PS Oxford United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP); Centre for Mathematical Sciences; Wilberforce Road Cambridge CB3 0WA United Kingdom
| | - Sara Mitri
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology; University of Lausanne; CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kevin R. Foster
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; South Parks Road OX1 3PS Oxford United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU United Kingdom
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A Natural Chimeric Pseudomonas Bacteriocin with Novel Pore-Forming Activity Parasitizes the Ferrichrome Transporter. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.01961-16. [PMID: 28223456 PMCID: PMC5358913 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01961-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modular bacteriocins represent a major group of secreted protein toxins with a narrow spectrum of activity, involved in interference competition between Gram-negative bacteria. These antibacterial proteins include a domain for binding to the target cell and a toxin module at the carboxy terminus. Self-inhibition of producers is provided by coexpression of linked immunity genes that transiently inhibit the toxin's activity through formation of bacteriocin-immunity complexes or by insertion in the inner membrane, depending on the type of toxin module. We demonstrate strain-specific inhibitory activity for PmnH, a Pseudomonas bacteriocin with an unprecedented dual-toxin architecture, hosting both a colicin M domain, potentially interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis, and a novel colicin N-type domain, a pore-forming module distinct from the colicin Ia-type domain in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyocin S5. A downstream-linked gene product confers PmnH immunity upon susceptible strains. This protein, ImnH, has a transmembrane topology similar to that of Pseudomonas colicin M-like and pore-forming immunity proteins, although homology with either of these is essentially absent. The enhanced killing activity of PmnH under iron-limited growth conditions reflects parasitism of the ferrichrome-type transporter for entry into target cells, a strategy shown here to be used as well by monodomain colicin M-like bacteriocins from pseudomonads. The integration of a second type of toxin module in a bacteriocin gene could offer a competitive advantage against bacteria displaying immunity against only one of both toxic activities.IMPORTANCE In their continuous struggle for ecological space, bacteria face a huge load of contenders, including phylogenetically related strains that compete for the same niche. One important group of secreted antibacterial proteins assisting in eliminating these rivals are modular bacteriocins of Gram-negative bacteria, comprising a domain for docking onto the cell envelope of a target cell, a translocation domain enabling subsequent cellular entry, and a toxin module that kills target cells via enzymatic or pore-forming activity. We here demonstrate the antagonistic function of a Pseudomonas bacteriocin with unique architecture that combines a putative enzymatic colicin M-like domain and a novel pore-forming toxin module. For target cell recognition and entry, this bacteriocin hybrid takes advantage of the ferrichrome transporter, also parasitized by enzymatic Pseudomonas bacteriocins devoid of the pore-forming module. Bacteriocins with an expanded toxin potential may represent an inventive bacterial strategy to alleviate immunity in target cells.
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Hijazi S, Visca P, Frangipani E. Gallium-Protoporphyrin IX Inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa Growth by Targeting Cytochromes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:12. [PMID: 28184354 PMCID: PMC5266731 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a challenging pathogen due to both innate and acquired resistance to antibiotics. It is capable of causing a variety of infections, including chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Given the importance of iron in bacterial physiology and pathogenicity, iron-uptake and metabolism have become attractive targets for the development of new antibacterial compounds. P. aeruginosa can acquire iron from a variety of sources to fulfill its nutritional requirements both in the environment and in the infected host. The adaptation of P. aeruginosa to heme iron acquisition in the CF lung makes heme utilization pathways a promising target for the development of new anti-Pseudomonas drugs. Gallium [Ga(III)] is an iron mimetic metal which inhibits P. aeruginosa growth by interfering with iron-dependent metabolism. The Ga(III) complex of the heme precursor protoporphyrin IX (GaPPIX) showed enhanced antibacterial activity against several bacterial species, although no inhibitory effect has been reported on P. aeruginosa. Here, we demonstrate that GaPPIX is indeed capable of inhibiting the growth of clinical P. aeruginosa strains under iron-deplete conditions, as those encountered by bacteria during infection, and that GaPPIX inhibition is reversed by iron. Using P. aeruginosa PAO1 as model organism, we show that GaPPIX enters cells through both the heme-uptake systems has and phu, primarily via the PhuR receptor which plays a crucial role in P. aeruginosa adaptation to the CF lung. We also demonstrate that intracellular GaPPIX inhibits the aerobic growth of P. aeruginosa by targeting cytochromes, thus interfering with cellular respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hijazi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University Rome, Italy
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45
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Identification and genomic analysis of antifungal property of a tomato root endophyte Pseudomonas sp. p21. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 110:387-397. [PMID: 28000056 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas sp., which occupy a variety of ecological niches, have been widely studied for their versatile metabolic capacity to promote plant growth, suppress microbial pathogens, and induce systemic resistance in plants. In this study, a Pseudomonas sp. strain p21, which was isolated from tomato root endophytes, was identified as having antagonism against Aspergillus niger. Further analysis showed that this strain had the ability to biosynthesise siderophores and was less effective in inhibiting the growth of A. niger with the supplementation of Fe3+ in the agar medium. Genomic sequencing and the secondary metabolite cluster analysis demonstrated that Pseudomonas sp. p21 harboured 2 pyoverdine biosynthetic gene clusters, which encode compounds with predicted core structures and two variable tetra-peptide or eleven-peptide chains. The results indicated that siderophore-mediated competition for iron might be an important mechanism in Pseudomonas suppression of the fungal pathogen A. niger and in microbe-pathogen-plant interactions.
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46
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Jiang Z, Chen M, Yu X, Xie Z. 7-Hydroxytropolone produced and utilized as an iron-scavenger by Pseudomonas donghuensis. Biometals 2016; 29:817-26. [PMID: 27542164 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas donghuensis can excrete large quantities of iron chelating substances in iron-restricted environments. At least two kinds of iron-chelator can be found in the culture supernatant: fluorescent siderophores pyoverdins, and an ethyl acetate-extractable non-fluorescent substance. The non-fluorescent substance was the dominant contributor to the iron chelating activity of the culture supernatant of P. donghuensis. Electron ionization mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy identified the non-fluorescent iron-chelator as 7-hydroxytropolone. The stoichiometry of 7-hydroxytropolone ferric complex was determined to be 2:1 by the continuous variation method. The production of 7-hydroxytropolone was repressible by iron in the medium. Moreover, the inhibited growth of doubly siderophore-deficient strain of P. donghuensis under iron-limiting conditions could be partly restored by 7-hydroxytropolone. Thus, 7-hydroxytropolone was considered to play a previously undiscovered role as an iron-scavenger for P. donghuensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, 430072, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, 430072, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, 430072, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, 430072, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Deveau A, Gross H, Palin B, Mehnaz S, Schnepf M, Leblond P, Dorrestein PC, Aigle B. Role of secondary metabolites in the interaction between Pseudomonas fluorescens and soil microorganisms under iron-limited conditions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw107. [PMID: 27199346 PMCID: PMC5975829 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms can be versatile in their interactions with each other, being variously beneficial, neutral or antagonistic in their effect. Although this versatility has been observed among many microorganisms and in many environments, little is known regarding the mechanisms leading to these changes in behavior. In the present work, we analyzed the mechanism by which the soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens BBc6R8 shifts from stimulating the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N to killing the fungus. We show that among the three secondary metabolites produced by the bacterial strain-the siderophores enantio-pyochelin and pyoverdine, and the biosurfactant viscosin-the siderophores are mainly responsible for the antagonistic activity of the bacterium under iron-limited conditions. While the bacterial strain continues to produce beneficial factors, their effects are overridden by the action of their siderophores. This antagonistic activity of the strain P. fluorescens BBC6R8 in iron-depleted environments is not restricted to its influence on L. bicolor, since it was also seen to inhibit the growth of the actinomycete Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877. We show that the strain P. fluorescens BBc6R8 uses different strategies to acquire iron, depending on certain biotic and abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Deveau
- INRA, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, UMR1136, Université de Lorraine, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Harald Gross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Béatrice Palin
- INRA, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, UMR1136, Université de Lorraine, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Samina Mehnaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Max Schnepf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Leblond
- Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR1128, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies-Campus Aiguillettes, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bertrand Aigle
- Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne, UMR1128, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies-Campus Aiguillettes, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
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González-Guerrero M, Escudero V, Saéz Á, Tejada-Jiménez M. Transition Metal Transport in Plants and Associated Endosymbionts: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1088. [PMID: 27524990 PMCID: PMC4965479 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals such as iron, copper, zinc, or molybdenum are essential nutrients for plants. These elements are involved in almost every biological process, including photosynthesis, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, or symbiotic nitrogen fixation. However, plants often grow in soils with limiting metallic oligonutrient bioavailability. Consequently, to ensure the proper metal levels, plants have developed a complex metal uptake and distribution system, that not only involves the plant itself, but also its associated microorganisms. These microorganisms can simply increase metal solubility in soils and making them more accessible to the host plant, as well as induce the plant metal deficiency response, or directly deliver transition elements to cortical cells. Other, instead of providing metals, can act as metal sinks, such as endosymbiotic rhizobia in legume nodules that requires relatively large amounts to carry out nitrogen fixation. In this review, we propose to do an overview of metal transport mechanisms in the plant-microbe system, emphasizing the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and endosymbiotic rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)Madrid, Spain
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Role of Iron Uptake Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence and Airway Infection. Infect Immun 2016; 84:2324-2335. [PMID: 27271740 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00098-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia and chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Iron is essential for bacterial growth, and P. aeruginosa expresses multiple iron uptake systems, whose role in lung infection deserves further investigation. P. aeruginosa Fe(3+) uptake systems include the pyoverdine and pyochelin siderophores and two systems for heme uptake, all of which are dependent on the TonB energy transducer. P. aeruginosa also has the FeoB transporter for Fe(2+) acquisition. To assess the roles of individual iron uptake systems in P. aeruginosa lung infection, single and double deletion mutants were generated in P. aeruginosa PAO1 and characterized in vitro, using iron-poor media and human serum, and in vivo, using a mouse model of lung infection. The iron uptake-null mutant (tonB1 feoB) and the Fe(3+) transport mutant (tonB1) did not grow aerobically under low-iron conditions and were avirulent in the mouse model. Conversely, the wild type and the feoB, hasR phuR (heme uptake), and pchD (pyochelin) mutants grew in vitro and caused 60 to 90% mortality in mice. The pyoverdine mutant (pvdA) and the siderophore-null mutant (pvdA pchD) grew aerobically in iron-poor media but not in human serum, and they caused low mortality in mice (10 to 20%). To differentiate the roles of pyoverdine in iron uptake and virulence regulation, a pvdA fpvR double mutant defective in pyoverdine production but expressing wild-type levels of pyoverdine-regulated virulence factors was generated. Deletion of fpvR in the pvdA background partially restored the lethal phenotype, indicating that pyoverdine contributes to the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa lung infection by combining iron transport and virulence-inducing capabilities.
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Krzyżanowska DM, Ossowicki A, Rajewska M, Maciąg T, Jabłońska M, Obuchowski M, Heeb S, Jafra S. When Genome-Based Approach Meets the "Old but Good": Revealing Genes Involved in the Antibacterial Activity of Pseudomonas sp. P482 against Soft Rot Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:782. [PMID: 27303376 PMCID: PMC4880745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickeya solani and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense are recently established species of bacterial plant pathogens causing black leg and soft rot of many vegetables and ornamental plants. Pseudomonas sp. strain P482 inhibits the growth of these pathogens, a desired trait considering the limited measures to combat these diseases. In this study, we determined the genetic background of the antibacterial activity of P482, and established the phylogenetic position of this strain. Pseudomonas sp. P482 was classified as Pseudomonas donghuensis. Genome mining revealed that the P482 genome does not contain genes determining the synthesis of known antimicrobials. However, the ClusterFinder algorithm, designed to detect atypical or novel classes of secondary metabolite gene clusters, predicted 18 such clusters in the genome. Screening of a Tn5 mutant library yielded an antimicrobial negative transposon mutant. The transposon insertion was located in a gene encoding an HpcH/HpaI aldolase/citrate lyase family protein. This gene is located in a hypothetical cluster predicted by the ClusterFinder, together with the downstream homologs of four nfs genes, that confer production of a non-fluorescent siderophore by P. donghuensis HYST. Site-directed inactivation of the HpcH/HpaI aldolase gene, the adjacent short chain dehydrogenase gene, as well as a homolog of an essential nfs cluster gene, all abolished the antimicrobial activity of the P482, suggesting their involvement in a common biosynthesis pathway. However, none of the mutants showed a decreased siderophore yield, neither was the antimicrobial activity of the wild type P482 compromised by high iron bioavailability. A genomic region comprising the nfs cluster and three upstream genes is involved in the antibacterial activity of P. donghuensis P482 against D. solani and P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense. The genes studied are unique to the two known P. donghuensis strains. This study illustrates that mining of microbial genomes is a powerful approach for predictingthe presence of novel secondary-metabolite encoding genes especially when coupled with transposon mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota M Krzyżanowska
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Ossowicki
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rajewska
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Maciąg
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jabłońska
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Obuchowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stephan Heeb
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
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