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Mehrotra S, Kalyan BG P, Nayak PG, Joseph A, Manikkath J. Recent Progress in the Oral Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins: Overview of Pharmaceutical Strategies to Overcome Absorption Hurdles. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:11-33. [PMID: 38585454 PMCID: PMC10997937 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proteins and peptides have secured a place as excellent therapeutic moieties on account of their high selectivity and efficacy. However due to oral absorption limitations, current formulations are mostly delivered parenterally. Oral delivery of peptides and proteins (PPs) can be considered the need of the hour due to the immense benefits of this route. This review aims to critically examine and summarize the innovations and mechanisms involved in oral delivery of peptide and protein drugs. Methods Comprehensive literature search was undertaken, spanning the early development to the current state of the art, using online search tools (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Scopus). Results Research in oral delivery of proteins and peptides has a rich history and the development of biologics has encouraged additional research effort in recent decades. Enzyme hydrolysis and inadequate permeation into intestinal mucosa are the major causes that result in limited oral absorption of biologics. Pharmaceutical and technological strategies including use of absorption enhancers, enzyme inhibition, chemical modification (PEGylation, pro-drug approach, peptidomimetics, glycosylation), particulate delivery (polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, microspheres), site-specific delivery in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), membrane transporters, novel approaches (self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, Eligen technology, Peptelligence, self-assembling bubble carrier approach, luminal unfolding microneedle injector, microneedles) and lymphatic targeting, are discussed. Limitations of these strategies and possible innovations for improving oral bioavailability of protein and peptide drugs are discussed. Conclusion This review underlines the application of oral route for peptide and protein delivery, which can direct the formulation scientist for better exploitation of this route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mehrotra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Pavan Kalyan BG
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Pawan Ganesh Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology,Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | | | - Jyothsna Manikkath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
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2
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Abd-Alhussain GK, Alatrakji MQYMA, Ahmed SJ, Fawzi HA. Efficacy of oral insulin nanoparticles for the management of hyperglycemia in a rat model of diabetes induced with streptozotocin. J Med Life 2024; 17:217-225. [PMID: 38813352 PMCID: PMC11131628 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin is the cornerstone of treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, because of its protein structure, insulin has to be administered via injection, and many attempts have been made to create oral formulations, especially using nanoparticles (NPs). The aim of this study was to compare the hypoglycemic effect of insulin-loaded NPs to that of subcutaneous insulin in an in vivo rat model of diabetes. We used biodegradable D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate-emulsified, chitosan-capped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs loaded with soluble human insulin in a dose of 20 IU/kg body weight, and examined the physical characteristics of NPs in vivo and in vitro. Serum glucose levels were reduced after 6 h, but the difference was not significant compared to subcutaneous insulin; at 12 h and 24 h, insulin levels were significantly higher in rats treated with NPs than in rats treated with subcutaneous insulin. There was no significant difference in serum insulin levels at 12 h and 24 h compared to non-diabetic rats. Our findings suggest that chitosan-based NPs are able to maintain good glycemic control for up to 24 h and can be considered a potential carrier for oral insulin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasak Kais Abd-Alhussain
- College of Pharmacy, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq
- College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
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3
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Spoorthi Shetty S, Halagali P, Johnson AP, Spandana KMA, Gangadharappa HV. Oral insulin delivery: Barriers, strategies, and formulation approaches: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125114. [PMID: 37263330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by a hyperglycemic condition which can either be caused by the destruction of the beta cells or by the resistance developed against insulin in the cells. Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus needs the use of Insulin for efficient management. However invasive methods of administration may lead to reduced adherence by the patients. Hence there is a need for a non-invasive method of administration. Oral Insulin has several merits over the conventional method including patient compliance, and reduced cost, and it also mimics endogenous insulin and hence reaches the liver by the portal vein at a higher concentration and thereby showing improved efficiency. However oral Insulin must pass through several barriers in the gastrointestinal tract. Some strategies that could be utilized to bypass these barriers include the use of permeation enhancers, absorption enhancers, use of suitable polymers, use of suitable carriers, and other agents. Several formulation types have been explored for the oral delivery of Insulin like hydrogels, capsules, tablets, and patches which have been described briefly by the article. A lot of attempts have been made for developing oral insulin delivery however none of them have been commercialized due to numerous shortcomings. Currently, there are several formulations from the companies that are still in the clinical phase, the success or failure of some is yet to be seen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Spoorthi Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Halagali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha P Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - K M Asha Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - H V Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
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4
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Kommineni N, Sainaga Jyothi VGS, Butreddy A, Raju S, Shapira T, Khan W, Angsantikul P, Domb AJ. SNAC for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability: An Updated Review. Pharm Res 2023; 40:633-650. [PMID: 36539668 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of proteins and peptides via an oral route poses numerous challenges to improve the oral bioavailability and patient compliance. To overcome these challenges, as well as to improve the permeation of proteins and peptides via intestinal mucosa, several chemicals have been studied such as surfactants, fatty acids, bile salts, pH modifiers, and chelating agents, amongst these medium chain fatty acid like C10 (sodium caprate) and Sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC) and its derivatives that have been well studied from a clinical perspective. This current review enumerates the challenges involved in protein and peptide delivery via the oral route, i.e., non-invasive routes of protein and peptide administration. This review also covers the chemistry behind SNAC and toxicity as well as mechanisms to enhance the oral delivery of clinically proven molecules like simaglutide and other small molecules under clinical development, as well as other permeation enhancers for efficient delivery of proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagavendra Kommineni
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Vaskuri G S Sainaga Jyothi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arun Butreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Saka Raju
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tovi Shapira
- School of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem Campus, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Natco Research Centre, NATCO Pharma Limited, Hyderabad, 500018, India
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Abraham J Domb
- School of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem Campus, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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5
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Li G, Liu D, Zuo YY. Nano-bio Interactions in the Lung. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Thirunavukkarasu A, Nithya R, Jeyanthi J. Transdermal drug delivery systems for the effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 194:109996. [PMID: 35850300 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by either insufficient insulin production or the inability to take it up for the glycemic regulation in the human body. According to WHO reports, T2DM will be the seventh-largest syndrome resulting in mortality by 2030. To tackle this chronic metabolic disorder, the person with diabetes population depends on subcutaneous administration (Sub-Q) of insulin and certain oral hypoglycemic drugs. However, these current invasive practices suffered from painful injections, needle phobia, multiple doses, risk of infection and poor-patient compliance. Hence, the search for a non-invasive and patient-friendly insulin administration system was high in the past decades leading to the development of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS). These can offer rapid and sustained release of therapeutic compounds at controlled rates with no pain during the administration. In recent years, the usage of such TDDS has been increasing at an exponential rate in Type 2 diabetes management. In the present review, the scholarly works on the different modes of TDDS were comprehensively reported chronlogically to appreciate their developments. Conclusively, this review critically identified prevailing research gaps in the current TDDS research and presented potential research hotspots for the prospect development in T2DM management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajarathinam Nithya
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore 641013, India.
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7
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Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Anti-Hyperglycemic Evaluation of Quinazoline-Sulfonylurea Hybrids as Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) and Sulfonylurea Receptor (SUR) Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179605. [PMID: 36077003 PMCID: PMC9455857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New quinazoline-sulfonylurea hybrids were prepared and examined for their in vivo anti-hyperglycemic activities in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats using glibenclamide as a reference drug. Compounds VI-6-a, V, IV-4, VI-4-c, IV-6, VI-2-a, IV-1, and IV-2 were more potent than the reference glibenclamide. They induced significant reduction in the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats: 78.2, 73.9, 71.4, 67.3, 62, 60.7, 58.4, and 55.9%, respectively, while the reference glibenclamide had 55.4%. Compounds IV-1, VI-2-a, IV-2, V, and IV-6 showed more prolonged antidiabetic activity than glibenclamide. Moreover, molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies were performed to examine binding modes of the prepared compounds against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). The highest active compounds exhibited good binding affinity with high free energy of binding against PPARγ. In silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADMET) studies were performed to investigate pharmacokinetics and safety of the synthesized compounds. They showed considerable human intestinal absorption with low toxicity profile.
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8
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van Schaik PEM, Zuhorn IS, Baron W. Targeting Fibronectin to Overcome Remyelination Failure in Multiple Sclerosis: The Need for Brain- and Lesion-Targeted Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158418. [PMID: 35955549 PMCID: PMC9368816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology that can be characterized by the presence of demyelinated lesions. Prevailing treatment protocols in MS rely on the modulation of the inflammatory process but do not impact disease progression. Remyelination is an essential factor for both axonal survival and functional neurological recovery but is often insufficient. The extracellular matrix protein fibronectin contributes to the inhibitory environment created in MS lesions and likely plays a causative role in remyelination failure. The presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) hinders the delivery of remyelination therapeutics to lesions. Therefore, therapeutic interventions to normalize the pathogenic MS lesion environment need to be able to cross the BBB. In this review, we outline the multifaceted roles of fibronectin in MS pathogenesis and discuss promising therapeutic targets and agents to overcome fibronectin-mediated inhibition of remyelination. In addition, to pave the way for clinical use, we reflect on opportunities to deliver MS therapeutics to lesions through the utilization of nanomedicine and discuss strategies to deliver fibronectin-directed therapeutics across the BBB. The use of well-designed nanocarriers with appropriate surface functionalization to cross the BBB and target the lesion sites is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E. M. van Schaik
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Inge S. Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (I.S.Z.); (W.B.); Tel.: +31-50-3616178 (I.S.Z.); +31-503611652 (W.B.); Fax: +31-503616190 (W.B.)
| | - Wia Baron
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (I.S.Z.); (W.B.); Tel.: +31-50-3616178 (I.S.Z.); +31-503611652 (W.B.); Fax: +31-503616190 (W.B.)
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9
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Nano-Bio Interactions in the Lung. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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10
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Tari K, Khamoushian S, Madrakian T, Afkhami A, Łos MJ, Ghoorchian A, Samarghandi MR, Ghavami S. Controlled Transdermal Iontophoresis of Insulin from Water-Soluble Polypyrrole Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212479. [PMID: 34830361 PMCID: PMC8621898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The iontophoresis delivery of insulin (INS) remains a serious challenge due to the low permeability of the drug through the skin. This work aims to investigate the potential of water-soluble polypyrrole nanoparticles (WS-PPyNPs) as a drug donor matrix for controlled transdermal iontophoresis of INS. WS-PPyNPs have been prepared via a simple chemical polymerization in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as both dopant and the stabilizing agent. The synthesis of the soluble polymer was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy. The loading mechanism of INS onto the WS-PPyNPs is based on the fact that the drug molecules can be replaced with doped dodecyl sulfate. A two-compartment Franz-type diffusion cell was employed to study the effect of current density, formulation pH, INS concentration, and sodium chloride concentration on anodal iontophoresis (AIP) and cathodal iontophoresis (CIP) of INS across the rat skin. Both AIP and CIP delivery of INS using WS-PPyNPs were significantly increased compared to passive delivery. Furthermore, while the AIP experiment (60 min at 0.13 mA cm–2) show low cumulative drug permeation for INS (about 20.48 µg cm−2); the CIP stimulation exhibited a cumulative drug permeation of 68.29 µg cm−2. This improvement is due to the separation of positively charged WS-PPyNPs and negatively charged INS that has occurred in the presence of cathodal stimulation. The obtained results confirm the potential applicability of WS-PPyNPs as an effective approach in the development of controlled transdermal iontophoresis of INS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Tari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838636, Iran;
| | - Soroush Khamoushian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6516738695, Iran; (S.K.); (A.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6516738695, Iran; (S.K.); (A.A.); (A.G.)
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7135646141, Iran
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (M.J.Ł.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6516738695, Iran; (S.K.); (A.A.); (A.G.)
- D-8 International University, Hamedan 65178-38695, Iran
| | - Marek Jan Łos
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7135646141, Iran
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 8 Krzywousty St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (M.J.Ł.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Arash Ghoorchian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6516738695, Iran; (S.K.); (A.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Samarghandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838636, Iran;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (M.J.Ł.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
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Abstract
Insulin therapy has a long history at the cutting edge of technological development through purification, extended-action, molecular chemistry, and devices, and in support technologies including self-measurement and patient education. But unmet needs remain large. Today's therapy cannot deliver minute-to-minute control of glucose levels, and cannot imitate the reflex/incretin driven physiological insulin delivery at mealtimes. Further it depends on a raft of devices for administration several times a day, devices liked for their functionality, but disliked as an intrusive reminder of the condition, several times a day. Approaches to overcoming these barriers include closed-loop systems and further modification of insulin formulations, but are limited by fundamental underlying difficulties. While clinical studies of oral insulin are in progress, the barriers to success look daunting. Development of small-molecule approaches (insulin-mimetic tablets) appears to have stalled, while concepts for glucose-responsive insulin as yet fail to deliver the necessary insulin-to-glucose gradient. Gene therapy, feasible in animals in preliminary studies, is not capable of providing feedback control. Transplantation of cultured islets and islet B-cells from stem cells thus looks to the be the best long-term prospect for insulin delivery in terms of overcoming the above barriers, but is a true biotechnological tour-de-force which will take time to mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Home
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK.
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Bami MS, Raeisi Estabragh MA, Khazaeli P, Ohadi M, Dehghannoudeh G. pH-responsive drug delivery systems as intelligent carriers for targeted drug therapy: Brief history, properties, synthesis, mechanism and application. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lee SH, Yoon KH. A Century of Progress in Diabetes Care with Insulin: A History of Innovations and Foundation for the Future. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:629-640. [PMID: 34610718 PMCID: PMC8497924 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin, which has greatly changed the lives of people with diabetes and become a cornerstone of advances in medical science. A rapid bench-to-bedside application of the lifesaving pancreatic extract and its immediate commercialization was the result of a promising idea, positive drive, perseverance, and collaboration of Banting and colleagues. As one of the very few proteins isolated in a pure form at that time, insulin also played a key role in the development of important methodologies and in the beginning of various fields of modern science. Since its discovery, insulin has evolved continuously to optimize the care of people with diabetes. Since the 1980s, recombinant DNA technology has been employed to engineer insulin analogs by modifying their amino acid sequence, which has resulted in the production of insulins with various profiles that are currently used. However, unmet needs in insulin treatment still exist, and several forms of future insulins are under development. In this review, we discuss the past, present, and future of insulin, including a history of ceaseless innovations and collective intelligence. We believe that this story will be a solid foundation and an unerring guide for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kun-Ho Yoon, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9109-2208, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea E-mail:
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Sharma S, Sudhakara P, Omran AAB, Singh J, Ilyas RA. Recent Trends and Developments in Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2898. [PMID: 34502938 PMCID: PMC8434364 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrically-conducting polymers (CPs) were first developed as a revolutionary class of organic compounds that possess optical and electrical properties comparable to that of metals as well as inorganic semiconductors and display the commendable properties correlated with traditional polymers, like the ease of manufacture along with resilience in processing. Polymer nanocomposites are designed and manufactured to ensure excellent promising properties for anti-static (electrically conducting), anti-corrosion, actuators, sensors, shape memory alloys, biomedical, flexible electronics, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs, and adhesive applications with desired-appealing and cost-effective, functional surface coatings. The distinctive properties of nanocomposite materials involve significantly improved mechanical characteristics, barrier-properties, weight-reduction, and increased, long-lasting performance in terms of heat, wear, and scratch-resistant. Constraint in availability of power due to continuous depletion in the reservoirs of fossil fuels has affected the performance and functioning of electronic and energy storage appliances. For such reasons, efforts to modify the performance of such appliances are under way through blending design engineering with organic electronics. Unlike conventional inorganic semiconductors, organic electronic materials are developed from conducting polymers (CPs), dyes and charge transfer complexes. However, the conductive polymers are perhaps more bio-compatible rather than conventional metals or semi-conductive materials. Such characteristics make it more fascinating for bio-engineering investigators to conduct research on polymers possessing antistatic properties for various applications. An extensive overview of different techniques of synthesis and the applications of polymer bio-nanocomposites in various fields of sensors, actuators, shape memory polymers, flexible electronics, optical limiting, electrical properties (batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs), corrosion-protection and biomedical application are well-summarized from the findings all across the world in more than 150 references, exclusively from the past four years. This paper also presents recent advancements in composites of rare-earth oxides based on conducting polymer composites. Across a variety of biological and medical applications, the fact that numerous tissues were receptive to electric fields and stimuli made CPs more enticing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Sharma
- Regional Centre for Extension and Development, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Leather Complex, Kapurthala Road, Jalandhar 144021, Punjab, India
- PhD Research Scholar, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Kapurthala, Highway, VPO, Ibban 144603, Punjab, India
| | - P. Sudhakara
- Regional Centre for Extension and Development, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Leather Complex, Kapurthala Road, Jalandhar 144021, Punjab, India
| | - Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Science & Technology, Sebha University, Sabha 00218, Libya
| | - Jujhar Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Kapurthala, Highway, VPO, Ibban 144603, Punjab, India;
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
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15
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Beran D, Lazo-Porras M, Mba CM, Mbanya JC. A global perspective on the issue of access to insulin. Diabetologia 2021; 64:954-962. [PMID: 33483763 PMCID: PMC8012321 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of insulin in 1921 changed the prognosis for people with type 1 diabetes. A century later, availability and affordability of insulin remain a challenge in many parts of the globe. Using the WHO's framework on understanding the life cycle of medicines, this review details the global and national challenges that affect patients' abilities to access and afford insulin. Current research and development in diabetes has seen some innovations, but none of these have truly been game-changing. Currently, three multinational companies control over 95% of global insulin supply. The inclusion of insulin on the WHO's Prequalification Programme is an opportunity to facilitate entry of new companies into the market. Many governments lack policies on the selection, procurement, supply, pricing and reimbursement of insulin. Moreover, mark-ups in the supply chain also affect the final price to the consumer. Whilst expenses related to diabetes are mostly covered by insurance in high-income countries, many patients from low- and middle-income countries have to pay out of their own pockets. The organisation of diabetes management within the healthcare system also affects patient access to insulin. The challenges affecting access to insulin are complex and require a wide range of solutions. Given that 2021 marks the centenary of the discovery of insulin, there is need for global advocacy to ensure that the benefits of insulin and innovations in diabetes care reach all individuals living with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beran
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Lazo-Porras
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Camille M Mba
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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16
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Zhang Y, Xiong M, Ni X, Wang J, Rong H, Su Y, Yu S, Mohammad IS, Leung SSY, Hu H. Virus-Mimicking Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with an Electrically Neutral and Hydrophilic Surface to Improve the Oral Absorption of Insulin by Breaking Through Dual Barriers of the Mucus Layer and the Intestinal Epithelium. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18077-18088. [PMID: 33830730 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein and peptide drugs orally suffer from extremely low bioavailability principally for the complicated gastrointestinal environment along with the difficulty of passing through the mucus layer and the underlying epithelium. In our work, we fabricated mesoporous silica nanoparticles with modification groups (MSN-NH2@COOH/CPP5) that effectively penetrated the mucus layer and passed through the intestinal epithelium by mimicking the virus surface. Naked nanoparticles were prepared with inner pores of 6 nm diameter to allow efficient insulin loading and coated with the cationic cell-penetrating KLPVM peptide and the anionic glutaric anhydride to yield hydrophilic MSN-NH2@COOH/CPP5 with a ζ-potential of -0.49 mV. The apparent permeability coefficient of virus-mimicking nanoparticles was 14.61 × 10-5 cm/s. The virus-mimicking nanoparticles showed dramatically lower binding to mucin and faster penetration of the mucus layer than positively charged nanoparticles (MSN@NH2) with a ζ-potential of +35.00 mV. The KLPVM peptide enhanced the uptake of MSN-NH2@COOH/CPP5 by coculturing Caco-2 and E12 cells as an intestinal epithelium model. MSN-NH2@COOH/CPP5 enhanced apical-to-basal transcytosis for being internalized primarily through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Indeed, for MSN-NH2@COOH/CPP5, the transepithelial transport of the Caco-2 cell monolayer was 2.4-fold higher than MSN@NH2 and 2.0-fold higher than MSN-NH2@COOH. In vitro, loading insulin into nanoparticles maintained the bioactivity of the protein under simulated intestinal conditions. Insulin loaded into MSN-NH2@COOH/CPP5 reduced the diabetic rats' blood glucose level by nearly 50%. The bioavailability of insulin encapsulated in the MSN-NH2@COOH/CPP5 nanoparticles was 2.1-fold more than insulin when administered directly into the jejunum. Nanoparticles with modifications indicated no significant toxicity in in vitro or in vivo preliminary studies. The obstacles of the mucus layer and intestinal epithelium may be effectively conquered by these virus-mimicking nanoparticles for oral delivery of protein and peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Xiong
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Ni
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jingrou Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hehui Rong
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Su
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shihui Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Imran Shair Mohammad
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Sharon Shui Yee Leung
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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17
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Maikawa CL, d'Aquino AI, Lal RA, Buckingham BA, Appel EA. Engineering biopharmaceutical formulations to improve diabetes management. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd6726. [PMID: 33504649 PMCID: PMC8004356 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd6726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin was first isolated almost a century ago, yet commercial formulations of insulin and its analogs for hormone replacement therapy still fall short of appropriately mimicking endogenous glycemic control. Moreover, the controlled delivery of complementary hormones (such as amylin or glucagon) is complicated by instability of the pharmacologic agents and complexity of maintaining multiple infusions. In this review, we highlight the advantages and limitations of recent advances in drug formulation that improve protein stability and pharmacokinetics, prolong drug delivery, or enable alternative dosage forms for the management of diabetes. With controlled delivery, these formulations could improve closed-loop glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin L Maikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrea I d'Aquino
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rayhan A Lal
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bruce A Buckingham
- Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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18
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Fuchs S, Ernst AU, Wang LH, Shariati K, Wang X, Liu Q, Ma M. Hydrogels in Emerging Technologies for Type 1 Diabetes. Chem Rev 2020; 121:11458-11526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fuchs
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander U. Ernst
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xi Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Minglin Ma
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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19
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Hadiya S, Radwan R, Zakaria M, El-Sherif T, Hamad MA, Elsabahy M. Nanoparticles integrating natural and synthetic polymers for in vivo insulin delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 26:30-40. [PMID: 33019826 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1832117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to develop insulin-loaded nanoparticles comprised of various polymers at different compositions, and to evaluate their ability to lower blood glucose levels in diabetic rats following subcutaneous and oral administrations. Several combinations of natural and synthetic polymers have been utilized for preparation of nanoparticles including, chitosan, alginate, albumin and Pluronic. Nanosized (170 nm-800 nm) spherical particles of high encapsulation efficiency (15-52%) have been prepared. Composition and ratios between the integrated polymers played a pivotal role in determining size, zeta potential, and in vivo hypoglycemic activity of particles. After subcutaneous and oral administration in diabetic rats, some of the insulin-loaded nanoparticles were able to induce much higher hypoglycemic effect as compared to the unloaded free insulin. For instance, subcutaneous injection of nanoparticles comprised of chitosan combined with sodium tripolyphosphate, Pluronic or alginate/calcium chloride, resulted in comparable hypoglycemic effects to free insulin, at two-fold lower dose. Nanoparticles were well-tolerated after oral administration in rats, as evidenced by by measuring levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferases, albumin, creatinine and urea. This study indicates that characteristics and delivery efficiency of nanomaterials can be controlled via utilizing several natural/synthetic polymers and by fine-tuning of combination ratio between polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safy Hadiya
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Radwa Radwan
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Menna Zakaria
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tahra El-Sherif
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Hamad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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20
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Mitani R, Ohsaki S, Nakamura H, Watano S. Numerical Study on Particle Adhesion in Dry Powder Inhaler Device. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:726-736. [PMID: 32741913 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the particle adhesion mechanism in a capsule of dry powder inhaler (DPI) based on a combined computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) approach. In this study, the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory was selected as the adhesion force model. The simulation results corroborated the experimental results-numerous particles remained on the outlet side of the capsule, while a few particles remained on the inlet side. In the computer simulation, the modeled particles were placed in a capsule. They were quickly dispersed to both sides of the capsule, by air fed from one side of the capsule, and delivered from the air inlet side to the outlet side of the capsule. It was confirmed that vortex flows were seen at the outlet side of the capsule, which, however, were not seen at the inlet side. Numerous collisions were observed at the outlet side, while very few collisions were observed at the inlet side. These results suggested that the vortex flows were crucial to reduce the amount of residual particles in the capsule. The original capsule was then modified to enhance the vortex flow in the area, where many particles were found remaining. The modified capsule reduced the number of residual particles compared to the original capsule. This investigation suggests that the CFD-DEM approach can be a great tool for understanding the particle adhesion mechanism and improving the delivery efficiency of DPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Mitani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shuji Ohsaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Hideya Nakamura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Satoru Watano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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21
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Gupta R, Kumar A. Transfersomes: The Ultra-Deformable Carrier System for Non-Invasive Delivery of Drug. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:408-420. [PMID: 32753015 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200804105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular systems have many advantages like prolonging the existence of the drug in the systemic circulation, minimizing the undesirable side-effects and helping the active moieties to reach their target sites using the carriers. However, the main drawback related to transdermal delivery is to cross stratum corneum, which can be overcome by the utilization of novel carrier systems e.g., transfersomes, which are ultra-deformable carrier systems composed of phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine) and edge activators (surfactants). Edge activators are responsible for the flexibility of the bilayer membranes of transfersomes. Different edge activators used in transfersomes include tween, span, bile salts (sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate) and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate. These activators decrease the interfacial tension, thereby, increasing the deformability of the carrier system. Transfersomes can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs into a vesicular structure, which consists of one or more concentric bilayers. Due to the elastic nature of transfersomes, they can easily cross the natural physiological barriers i.e., skin and deliver the drug to its active site. The main benefit of using transfersomes as a carrier is the delivery of macromolecules through the skin by non-invasive route thereby increasing the patient's compliance. The transfersomal formulations can be used in the treatment of ocular diseases, alopecia, vulvovaginal candidiasis, osteoporosis, atopic dermatitis, tumor, leishmaniasis. It is also used in the delivery of growth hormones, anaesthesia, insulin, proteins, and herbal drugs. This review also focuses on the patents and clinical studies for various transfersomal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Amrish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
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22
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Malhotra P, Akku R, Jayaprakash TP, Ogbue OD, Khan S. A Review of the Impact of Smoking on Inhaled Insulin: Would You Stop Smoking if Insulin Can Be Inhaled? Cureus 2020; 12:e9364. [PMID: 32850233 PMCID: PMC7445000 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence of diabetes and the need for tight glycemic control have been well established. With the invention of inhaled insulin, an alternate route has been explored and shows great promise. Inhaled insulin shows a similar physiologic response to subcutaneous insulin, with a faster onset of action, making it suitable for post-prandial hyperglycemia. This comes as a great relief, especially to those who are hesitant to use multiple injections in a day. Many factors affect insulin absorption, including device, particle size, airway patency. Another essential factor is smoking, which is prevalent among people with diabetes, as is in the non-diabetic population. Smoking increases the absorption of inhaled insulin, but it is not a straight fact, since acute smoking, passive smoking, chronic smoking - all have different effects on inhaled insulin. Furthermore, inhaled insulin is also affected by lung diseases. Most studies that have been conducted have included limited populations, thus questioning their generalisability. The studies from inception till 2020 have shown increased permeability of epithelial with acute smoking, change of epithelial layer back to normal after few weeks of smoking cessation, and reverting to chronic smoker levels with just one to two days of start in smoking. Data also suggests that smoking causes a reduction in insulin sensitivity, which could compensate for its increased absorption. Nicotine causes a decrease in the absorption of subcutaneous insulin, but its effect has not been seen on inhaled insulin. More studies, including diabetic smoker patients, need to be performed to give a specific set of variables. This would also add another reason to encourage smokers to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Malhotra
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Internal Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Ludhiana, IND
| | - Radhika Akku
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Olisaemeka D Ogbue
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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23
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Sakata O, Onishi H. Preparation of orally fast-dissolving tablets of etilefrine hydrochloride to achieve efficient absorption. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:1162-1167. [PMID: 32644855 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1794000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Etilefrine hydrochloride (ET) is commonly used in the treatment of hypotension in dosage forms of oral tablets and parenteral injections. However, oral tablets only temporarily achieve high plasma levels and have low bioavailability (BA), while intravenous injections may cause pain and necrosis around administration sites. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, the buccal delivery of ET using oral droplets has been investigated. In this study, a buccal tablet as an alternative dosage form was developed for practical use. Buccal tablets were prepared by the direct compression method with sodium alginate (AL) and mannitol (MA) as excipients. Their disintegration and in vitro drug release were rapid (more than 50% being released after 3 min). Furthermore, effective plasma levels (> 5-7 ng/mL) were reached within 0.5 h of buccal administration in rats. The systemic absorption of these tablets was similar to that of buccal droplets. Therefore, the ET buccal tablets developed herein have potential as an alternative dosage form for hypotension therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Sakata
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Onishi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Chen BZ, Zhang LQ, Xia YY, Zhang XP, Guo XD. A basal-bolus insulin regimen integrated microneedle patch for intraday postprandial glucose control. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba7260. [PMID: 32832606 PMCID: PMC7439566 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple daily insulin injections have been a common regimen worldwide for the management of diabetes mellitus but involved potential safety and compliance problems. In this context, a single integrated microneedle patch (IMP) with multiple release kinetics is demonstrated to provide better physiologic insulin coverage for postprandial glycemic excursion in a convenient and pain-free manner. The combination of rapid separating technique and multiple individual microneedle arrays provides the combined ability to efficiently deliver insulin into the skin within seconds and to independently control insulin release kinetics. In addition, the diabetic rats with a traditional breakfast-lunch-dinner lifestyle exhibit obvious intraday glucose fluctuations, while the hypoglycemic experiments indicate that the IMP is capable of simultaneous bolus and sustained insulin delivery to closely match the glucose rise that occurs in response to meals and efficiently minimize excessive fluctuations, suggesting the potential of this new transdermal insulin delivery system as substitutes for multiple daily injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhi Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Li Qin Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yun Xia
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Peng Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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25
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Arciniegas SM, Saavedra SA, Balderas D, del Carmen Caballero S, Bernad MJ, Sánchez JC, Gracia MI, Rico HA, Vargas D. Comparison in the Glucose Response of Flexible Liposomes Loaded with Insulin with the Addition of Different Surfactants in an Experimental Diabetes Model. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666191024102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Insulin has been included in a variety of dosage forms; nevertheless, liposomes
have shown protection to degradation and better absorption. The addition of surfactant to liposomes
could give the ability to deform and pass through intact membranes, and could increase the
stability and the release of the drug.
Introduction:
Due to the limitations of the current treatment of insulin in diabetic patients, investigation
in alternatives routes has increased. The oral route is the most convenient because of the
similarity with the natural secretion of this hormone. The aim was to evaluate the in-vivo effect of
fourteen formulations of Insulin-loaded flexible liposomes with different surfactants by oral and
subcutaneous routes.
Methods:
Fourteen formulations of insulin were obtained with the addition of different surfactants.
Size distribution, polydispersion index and Z potential were obtained for all formulations. In-vivo
tests were performed in rats induced with experimental diabetes with streptozotocin, and glucose
curves were obtained during 480 minutes.
Results:
All formulations by the subcutaneous route caused an optimal reduction in glucose levels.
However, the addition of Brij L23 produced a better reduction, lasting for 420 minutes. By the oral
route, the reduction of glucose did not reach the normal levels, but the addition of Poloxamer 407
and Brij S10 showed the best reduction in the glucose levels by this route.
Conclusion:
The addition of surfactants to the lipid structure can modify the release of the insulin
by different routes of administration, but this behavior depends on the characteristics of the surfactant,
such as the melting phase transition temperature of the lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Melisa Arciniegas
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Veterinary Medicine School, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sergio Andres Saavedra
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Veterinary Medicine School, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Danaé Balderas
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Veterinary Medicine School, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sara del Carmen Caballero
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Veterinary Medicine School, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - María Josefa Bernad
- Pharmaceutical Technology. Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Sánchez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Inspection of the Veterinary Medicine School, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Gracia
- Animal Experiment Unit. Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Héctor Ariel Rico
- Animal Experiment Unit. Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Dinorah Vargas
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Veterinary Medicine School, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
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26
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Xu Y, Zhang X, Wang N, Pei X, Guo Y, Wang J, Barth S, Yu F, Lee SJ, He H, Yang VC. Cell-penetrating peptide enhanced insulin buccal absorption. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119469. [PMID: 32470482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-injectable delivery of peptides and proteins is not feasible due to the limitations of large molecular mass, high hydrophilic properties, and gastrointestinal degradation. Therefore, proposing a new method to solve this problem is a burning issue. The objective of this study was to propose a novel protein delivery strategy to overcome the poor efficacy and irritation of buccal insulin delivery. In this study, we applied a conjugate of cell-penetrating peptides (LMWP) and insulin (INS-PEG-LMWP) for buccal delivery. INS-PEG-LMWP was prepared using insulin solution and mixture as references. The transport behaviour, in vivo bioactivity, hypoglycaemic effect, and safety of INS-PEG-LMWP were systematically characterised. An in vitro study demonstrated that the uptake and transportation of INS-PEG-LMWP across buccal mucosal multilayers significantly increased. By comparing the effects of different endocytic inhibitors on INS-PEG-LMWP uptake, the conjugate might be delivered via an energy independent, electrostatically adsorbed pathway. INS-PEG-LMWP's relative pharmacological bioavailability was high and its relative bioavailability was up to 26.86%, demonstrating no visible mucosal irritation. Cell-penetrating peptides are likely to become a reliable and safe tool for overcoming insulin's low permeability through the epithelial multilayers, the major barrier to buccal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xing Pei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yiyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Stefan Barth
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Fei Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Seung Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Huining He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Victor C Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
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Shen D, Yu H, Wang L, Khan A, Haq F, Chen X, Huang Q, Teng L. Recent progress in design and preparation of glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems. J Control Release 2020; 321:236-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chatterjee S, Bhushan Sharma C, Lavie CJ, Adhikari A, Deedwania P, O'keefe JH. Oral insulin: an update. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2020; 45:49-60. [DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.19.03055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Mumuni MA, Kenechukwu FC, Ofokansi KC, Attama AA, Díaz DD. Insulin-loaded mucoadhesive nanoparticles based on mucin-chitosan complexes for oral delivery and diabetes treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ohsaki S, Mitani R, Fujiwara S, Nakamura H, Watano S. Effect of Particle-Wall Interaction and Particle Shape on Particle Deposition Behavior in Human Respiratory System. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 67:1328-1336. [PMID: 31787659 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalation (DPI) has attracted much attention as a treatment for respiratory diseases owing to the large effective absorption area in a human respiratory system. Understanding the drug particle motion in the respiratory system and the deposition behavior is necessary to improve the efficiency of DPI. We conducted computer simulations using a model coupling a discrete element method and a computational fluid dynamics method (DEM-CFD) to evaluate the particle deposition in human respiratory system. A simple artificial respiratory model was developed, which numerically investigated the effect of particle properties and inhalation patterns on the particle deposition behavior. The DEM-CFD simulations demonstrated that the smaller- and lower-density particles showed higher reachability into the simple respiratory model, and the particle arrival ratio to the deep region strongly depended on the aerodynamic diameter. The particle arrival ratio can be described as an exponential function of the aerodynamic diameter. Furthermore, the exponential relationship between the particle reachability into the depth of the simple respiratory model and the aerodynamic diameter predicted the particle aerodynamic diameter based on the required reachability. The particle shape also had an impact on the particle deposition behavior. The rod-like particles with a larger aspect ratio indicated higher reachability into the depth of the simple respiratory model. This was attributed to the high velocity motion of the particles whose long axis was in the direction of the deep region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ohsaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Ryosuke Mitani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Saki Fujiwara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Hideya Nakamura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Satoru Watano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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31
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Zuberi Z, Sauli E, Cun L, Deng J, Li WJ, He XL, Li W. Insulin-delivery methods for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820906016. [PMID: 32944212 PMCID: PMC7466897 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820906016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts directed toward restoring normal metabolic levels by mimicking the physiological insulin secretion, thereby ensuring safety, efficacy, minimal invasiveness and conveniences, are of great significance in the management of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents. Regardless of the various technologies being discovered in addressing invasiveness and enhancing medication adherence in the management of type 1 diabetes, yet limited success had been observed among children and adolescents. The multiple daily subcutaneous insulin injections route using vial and syringe, and occasionally insulin pens, remain the most predictable route for insulin administration among children and adolescents. However, this route has been associated with compromised patient compliance, fear of injections and unacceptability, resulting in poor glycemic control, which promote the demand for alternative routes of insulin administration. Alternative routes for delivering insulin are being investigated in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes; these include the hybrid closed-loop 'artificial pancreas' system, oral, inhalation, intranasal routes, and others. This review article explores the current advances in insulin-delivery methods that address the needs of children and adolescents in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zavuga Zuberi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biological Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan, PR China
- Department of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Elingarami Sauli
- Department of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Liu Cun
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biological Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jing Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biological Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Zhuzhou City People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Changsha Medical College, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xu-Liang He
- Zhuzhou City People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Changsha Medical College, Hunan, PR China
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Bae HD, Lee JS, Pyun H, Kim M, Lee K. Optimization of formulation for enhanced intranasal delivery of insulin with translationally controlled tumor protein-derived protein transduction domain. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:622-628. [PMID: 31210056 PMCID: PMC6586149 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1628119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal delivery of insulin is an alternative approach to treat diabetes, as it enables higher patient compliance than conventional therapy with subcutaneously injected insulin. However, the use of intranasal delivery of insulin is limited for insulin’s hydrophilicity and vulnerability to enzymatic degradation. This limitation makes optimization of formulation intranasal insulin for commercial purpose indispensable. This study evaluated bioavailability (BA) of various formulations of insulin intranasally delivered with protein transduction domain (PTD) derived from translationally controlled tumor protein. The therapeutic efficacy of newly formulated intranasal insulin + PTD was compared in vivo studies with normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats, to those of free insulin and subcutaneously injected insulin. BA of insulin in two new formulations was, respectively, 60.71% and 45.81% of subcutaneously injected insulin, while the BA of free insulin was only 3.34%. Histological analysis of tissues, lactate dehydrogenase activity in nasal fluid, and biochemical analysis of sera revealed no detectable topical or systemic toxicity in rats and mice. Furthermore, stability analysis of newly formulated insulin + PTD to determine the optimal conditions for storage revealed that when stored at 4 °C, the delivery capacity of insulin was maintained up to 7 d. These results suggest that the new formulations of intranasal insulin are suitable for use in diabetes therapy and are easier to administer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Duck Bae
- a Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Ewha Woman's University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Lee
- a Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Ewha Woman's University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Haejun Pyun
- a Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Ewha Woman's University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Moonhee Kim
- a Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Ewha Woman's University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kyunglim Lee
- a Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Ewha Woman's University , Seoul , Korea
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33
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Fabrication of low-cost composite polymer-based micro needle patch for transdermal drug delivery. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Bioinspired oral insulin delivery system using yeast microcapsules. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Doostmohammadi M, Ameri A, Mohammadinejad R, Dehghannoudeh N, Banat IM, Ohadi M, Dehghannoudeh G. Hydrogels For Peptide Hormones Delivery: Therapeutic And Tissue Engineering Applications. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:3405-3418. [PMID: 31579238 PMCID: PMC6770672 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s217211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are the most abundant biological compounds in the cells that act as enzymes, hormones, structural element, and antibodies. Mostly, peptides have problems to move across the cells because of their size and poor cellular penetration. Therefore, a carrier that could transfer peptides into cells is ideal and would be effective for disease treatment. Until now, plenty of polymers, e.g., polysaccharides, polypeptides, and lipids were used in drug delivery. Hydrogels made from polysaccharides showed significant development in targeted delivery of peptide hormones because of their natural characteristics such as networks, pore sizes, sustainability, and response to external stimuli. The main aim of the present review was therefore, to gather the important usages of the hydrogels as a carrier in peptide hormone delivery and their application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Doostmohammadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ameri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Negar Dehghannoudeh
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, TorontoM5S3G3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, University of Ulster, ColeraineBT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mandana Ohadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghannoudeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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36
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Ruiz SMA, Bernad Bernad MJ, Arellano RL, Torres RD, Del Carmen Caballero Chacón S, Estrada DV. In Vitro and In Vivo Profiles and Characterization of Insulin Nanocarriers Based in Flexible Liposomes Designed for Oral Administration. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190110112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Alternatives routes of delivery for Insulin have been evaluated to improve
treatment for Diabetes Mellitus. The oral route is the most convenient physiologically; it releases in a
similar way to endogenous secretion. Flexible liposomes have deformable abilities to pass through
membranes with adequate therapeutic effects, but they have been tested only dermally.
Objective:
Our aim was to develop an oral nanocarrier based on flexible liposomes for insulin with
polymer addition to reduce gastrointestinal degradation.
Methods:
Different percentages of polyethylene glycol were added to a conventional formulation of
flexible liposomes. The manufacturing procedure was the heating method. Z potential, size particle,
polydispersity index and encapsulation percentage were evaluated. A release profile was performed
in the stomach and intestinal pH mediums by two-stage reverse dialysis method. The in-vivo test was
performed in experimental diabetic rats by oral, transdermal and subcutaneous routes.
Results:
All the formulations showed polydispersity but adequate Z potential. The 10% PEG
formulation obtained the best insulin enclosure with 81.9%. The insulin integrity after preparation
was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PEG and non-PEG formulations showed
similar behavior in acid release profile but the release and stability of lipid structures were better and
longer in intestinal pH conditions. In vivo tests showed a reduction to normal glucose levels only in
subcutaneous route.
Conclusion:
The polymer inclusion in flexible liposomes generates an adequate nanocarrier for
proteins in terms of stability and composition; although its in-vivo use reduces glucose levels in
subcutaneous route, the effect was not adequate in oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Melisa Arciniegas Ruiz
- Physiology and Pharmacology department, Veterinary Medicine School, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N Delegacion Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Ciudad Universitaria. CD.MX, Mexico
| | - María Josefa Bernad Bernad
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N Delegacion Coyoacan, C.P. 04510. Ciudad Universitaria. CD.MX, Mexico
| | - Raquel Lopez Arellano
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Assays, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico Campo Cuatro, Carretera Cuautitlan-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, Col. San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Estado de Mexico, CP. 54714, Mexico
| | - Roberto Diaz Torres
- Multidisciplinary Research Department, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico Campo Cuatro, Carretera Cuautitlan-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, Col. San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Estado de Mexico, CP. 54714, Mexico
| | - Sara Del Carmen Caballero Chacón
- Physiology and Pharmacology department, Veterinary Medicine School, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N Delegacion Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Ciudad Universitaria. CD.MX, Mexico
| | - Dinorah Vargas Estrada
- Physiology and Pharmacology department, Veterinary Medicine School, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N Delegacion Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Ciudad Universitaria. CD.MX, Mexico
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37
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Sigfridsson K, Rydberg H, Strimfors M. Nano- and microcrystals of griseofulvin subcutaneously administered to rats resulted in improved bioavailability and sustained release. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1477-1486. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1628769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Sigfridsson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Science, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Rydberg
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Science, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Strimfors
- Bioscience, CVRM, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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38
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Lin X, Kankala RK, Tang N, Xu P, Hao L, Yang D, Wang S, Zhang YS, Chen A. Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Porous Microspheres for Efficient Delivery of Insulin and Inhalation Therapy of Diabetes. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1800910. [PMID: 30284409 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of drugs has attracted increasing attention in healthcare, as the lungs are an easily accessible site for noninvasive systemic delivery of drugs. Although pulmonary inhalation of porous microparticles has been shown to sustain drug delivery, there are limited reports on efficient delivery of insulin and inhalation therapy of diabetes based on supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) technology. Herein, this study reports the fabrication of insulin-loaded poly-l-lactide porous microspheres (INS-PLLA PMs) by using the SC-CO2 technology, and their use as an inhalation delivery system potentially for diabetes therapy. Biocompatibility and delivery efficiency of the PLLA PMs in the lungs are investigated. The PLLA PMs show negligible toxicity to lung-derived cells, resulting in no significant reduction in cell viability, as well as levels of various inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α, compared with the negative control group. INS-PLLA PMs are further efficiently deposited in the trachea and the bronchi of superior lobes of the lungs, which exhibit pronounced hypoglycemic activity in induced diabetic rats. Together, the results demonstrate that the INS-PLLA PMs have a strong potential as an effective strategy for inhalation treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Fen Lin
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringHuaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringHuaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University) Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Na Tang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringHuaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Pei‐Yao Xu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringHuaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Liu‐Zhi Hao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringHuaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Da‐Yun Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative DiseasesInstitute for Translational MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringHuaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University) Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Ai‐Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringHuaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University) Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
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39
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Hu XB, Tang TT, Li YJ, Wu JY, Wang JM, Liu XY, Xiang DX. Phospholipid complex based nanoemulsion system for oral insulin delivery: preparation, in vitro, and in vivo evaluations. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3055-3067. [PMID: 31118622 PMCID: PMC6505468 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s198108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this research was to develop a phospholipid complex based nanoemulsion system for oral insulin delivery. Methods: Insulin-phospholipid complex (IPC) was firstly prepared by an anhydrous co-solvent lyophilization method, and then encapsulated into the oil phase of nanoemulsion to obtain the IPC-based nanoemulsion (IPC-NE). Both water-in-oil (W/O) IPC-NE and oil-in-water (O/W) IPC-NE were formulated and evaluated for comparison. Results: The obtained W/O IPC-NE and O/W IPC-NE were both spherical in shape with a mean particle size of 18.6±0.79 nm and 27.3±1.25 nm, respectively. While both IPC-NEs exhibited enhanced Caco-2 cell monolayers permeability than IPC and insulin solution, W/O IPC-NE showed relatively greater protective effects against enzymatic degradation than O/W IPC-NE. Moreover, oral administration of W/O IPC-NE exhibited significant hypoglycemic effects, with 12.4-fold and 1.5-fold higher oral bioavailability compared with insulin solution and O/W IPC-NE, respectively. Conclusion: IPC-NEs, especially the W/O IPC-NE showed promising efficiency in vitro and in vivo, thus could be a potential strategy for oral insulin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tian Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
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40
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Vishali D, Monisha J, Sivakamasundari S, Moses J, Anandharamakrishnan C. Spray freeze drying: Emerging applications in drug delivery. J Control Release 2019; 300:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Kahkoska AR, Wang J, Buse JB, Gu Z. Advances in transdermal insulin delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:51-70. [PMID: 30528729 PMCID: PMC6556146 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin therapy is necessary to regulate blood glucose levels for people with type 1 diabetes and commonly used in advanced type 2 diabetes. Although subcutaneous insulin administration via hypodermic injection or pump-mediated infusion is the standard route of insulin delivery, it may be associated with pain, needle phobia, and decreased adherence, as well as the risk of infection. Therefore, transdermal insulin delivery has been widely investigated as an attractive alternative to subcutaneous approaches for diabetes management in recent years. Transdermal systems designed to prevent insulin degradation and offer controlled, sustained release of insulin may be desirable for patients and lead to increased adherence and glycemic outcomes. A challenge for transdermal insulin delivery is the inefficient passive insulin absorption through the skin due to the large molecular weight of the protein drug. In this review, we focus on the different transdermal insulin delivery techniques and their respective advantages and limitations, including chemical enhancers-promoted, electrically enhanced, mechanical force-triggered, and microneedle-assisted methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Anna R Kahkoska
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - John B Buse
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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42
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Vasconcelos Silva EDL, Oliveira ACDJ, Patriota YBG, Ribeiro AJ, Veiga F, Hallwass F, Silva-Filho EC, da Silva DA, Soares MFDLR, Wanderley AG, Soares-Sobrinho JL. Solvent-free synthesis of acetylated cashew gum for oral delivery system of insulin. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 207:601-608. [PMID: 30600045 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cashew gum (CG) is a biopolymer that presents a favorable chemical environment for structural modifications, which leads to more stable and resistant colloidal systems. The gum was subjected to an acetylation reaction using a fast, simple, solvent-free and low cost methodology. The derivative was characterized by infrared and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, coefficient of solubility and zeta potential. The modified biopolymer was used as a platform for drug delivery systems using insulin as a model drug. Nanoparticles were developed through the technique of polyelectrolytic complexation and were characterized by size, surface charge, entrapment efficiency and gastrointestinal release profile. The nanoparticles presented size of 460 nm with a 52.5% efficiency of entrapment of insulin and the electrostatic stabilization was suggested by the zeta potential of + 30.6 mV. Sustained release of insulin was observed for up to 24 h. The results showed that acetylated cashew gum (ACG) presented potential as a vehicle for sustained oral insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - António José Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Hallwass
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Durcilene Alves da Silva
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
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Onishi H, Sakata O. Absorption behavior of etilefrine after buccal administration in rats. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hu Q, Luo Y. Recent advances of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:775-782. [PMID: 30170057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent metabolic and chronic disease affecting millions of people in the world. The most common route of insulin therapy is the subcutaneous injection due to its low bioavailability and enzymatic degradation. The search for effective and high patient compliance insulin delivery systems has been a major challenge over many decades. The polysaccharide-based nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for insulin oral administration have recently attracted substantial interests. The present review highlights the recent advances on the development of nanoparticles prepared from polysaccharides, including chitosan, alginate, dextran and glucan, for oral delivery of insulin, overcoming multiple barriers in gastrointestinal tract. The aims of this review are first to summarize the strategies that have been applied in the past 5 years to fabricate polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for insulin oral delivery, and then to provide in-depth understanding on the mechanisms by which such nanoparticles protect insulin against degradation in the digestive tract and provide sustained release to enhance mucus permeation and transepithelial transport of insulin administered via oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaobin Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yangchao Luo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Yu S, Yang Z, He C, Chen X. Dual Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticle-Incorporated Hydrogels as an Oral Insulin Carrier for Intestine-Targeted Delivery and Enhanced Paracellular Permeation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2889-2902. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shuangjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chaoliang He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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46
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Insulin delivery systems combined with microneedle technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 127:119-137. [PMID: 29604374 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, a metabolic disorder of glucose, is a serious chronic disease and an important public health problem. Insulin is one of the hormones for modulating blood glucose level and the products of which is indispensable for most diabetes patients. Introducing microneedles (MNs) to insulin delivery is promising to pave the way for modulating glucose level noninvasively of diabetes patients, as which born to be painless, easy to handle and no need of any power supply. In this work, we review the process of insulin delivery systems (IDSs) based on MN technology in terms of two categories: drug free MNs and drug loaded MNs. Drug free MNs include solid MNs ("poke and patch"), hollow MNs ("poke and flow") and reservoir-based swelling MNs ("poke and swell R-type"), and drug loaded MNs include coated MNs ("coat and poke"), dissolving MNs ("poke and release") and insulin incorporated swelling MNs ("poke and swell I-type"). Majority researches of MN-based IDSs have been conducted by using hollow MNs or dissolving MNs, and almost all clinical trials for MN-based IDSs have employed hollow MNs. "Poke and patch" approach dramatically increase skin permeability compared to traditional transdermal patch, but MNs fabricated from silicon or metal may leave sharp waste in the skin and cause a safety issue. "Poke and flow" approach, similar to transitional subcutaneous (SC) injection, is capable of producing faster insulin absorption and action than SC injection but may associate with blockage, leakage and low flow rate. Coated MNs are able of retaining the activity of drug, which loaded in a solid phase, for a long time, however have been relatively less studied for insulin application as the low drug dosing. "Poke and release" approach leaves no biohazardous sharp medical waste and is capable of rapid drug release. "Poke and swell R-type" can be seen as a combination of "poke and flow" and "poke and patch" approach, while "poke and swell I-type" is an approach between "coat and poke" and "poke and release" approach. Insulin MNs are promising for painless diabetes therapeutics, and additional efforts for addressing fundamental issues including the drug loading, the PK/PD profile, the storage and the safety of insulin MNs will accelerate the clinical transformation.
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Singh S, Kushwah V, Agrawal AK, Jain S. Insulin- and quercetin-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles: implications on oral bioavailability, antidiabetic and antioxidant efficacy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:521-537. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study reports insulin (INS)- and quercetin (QT)-lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) with improved bioavailability, antidiabetic and antioxidant efficacy following oral administration. Materials & methods: The developed INS-QT-LCNPs were evaluated for simulated gastric fluid stability. In vitro Caco-2 uptake studies were also performed. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of INS-QT-LCNPs were evaluated. Results & conclusion: INS entrapped within LCNPs demonstrated excellent stability in simulated gastric fluid. Higher uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate-INS-LCNPs were observed in Caco-2 cells. INS-LCNPs demonstrated approximately 20% relative bioavailability compared with subcutaneously administered INS. Significant decrease in oxidative stress was confirmed by reduction in malondialdehyde level. Overall, combination strategy not only overcomes poor oral bioavailability of INS and QT, but also prevents the generation of reactive oxygen species, responsible for diabetes-mediated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Singh
- Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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Guarino V, Caputo T, Calcagnile P, Altobelli R, Demitri C, Ambrosio L. Core/shell cellulose-based microspheres for oral administration of Ketoprofen Lysinate. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 106:2636-2644. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Guarino
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Materials Technology, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials; National Research Council of Italy; 80125 Naples Italy
| | - Tania Caputo
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Materials Technology, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials; National Research Council of Italy; 80125 Naples Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Altobelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Materials Technology, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials; National Research Council of Italy; 80125 Naples Italy
| | - Christian Demitri
- Department of Engineering for Innovation; University of Salento; Lecce Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Materials Technology, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials; National Research Council of Italy; 80125 Naples Italy
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Jamshidi M, Ziamajidi N, Khodadadi I, Dehghan A, Kalantarian G, Abbasalipourkabir R. The effect of insulin-loaded trimethylchitosan nanoparticles on rats with diabetes type I. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:729-735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Gedawy A, Martinez J, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. Oral insulin delivery: existing barriers and current counter-strategies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 70:197-213. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The chronic and progressive nature of diabetes is usually associated with micro- and macrovascular complications where failure of pancreatic β-cell function and a general condition of hyperglycaemia is created. One possible factor is failure of the patient to comply with and adhere to the prescribed insulin due to the inconvenient administration route. This review summarizes the rationale for oral insulin administration, existing barriers and some counter-strategies trialled.
Key findings
Oral insulin mimics the physiology of endogenous insulin secreted by pancreas. Following the intestinal absorption of oral insulin, it reaches the liver at high concentration via the portal vein. Oral insulin on the other hand has the potential to protect pancreatic β-cells from autoimmune destruction. Structural modification, targeting a particular tissue/receptor, and the use of innovative pharmaceutical formulations such as nanoparticles represent strategies introduced to improve oral insulin bioavailability. They showed promising results in overcoming the hurdles facing oral insulin delivery, although delivery is far from ideal.
Summary
The use of advanced pharmaceutical technologies and further research in particulate carrier system delivery predominantly nanoparticle utilization would offer useful tools in delivering insulin via the oral route which in turn would potentially improve diabetic patient compliance to insulin and the overall management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gedawy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Jorge Martinez
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia
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