1
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Silva S, Costa EM, Machado M, Morais R, Calhau C, Pintado M. Antiadhesive and Antibiofilm Effect of Malvidin-3-Glucoside and Malvidin-3-Glucoside/Neochlorogenic Acid Mixtures upon Staphylococcus. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111062. [PMID: 36355145 PMCID: PMC9694786 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports on the biological activity of anthocyanin-rich extracts have been made. However, despite the association of said activity with their anthocyanin content, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous works regarding the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and/or antiadhesive properties of anthocyanins alone. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine the effects of malvidin-3-glucoside, a major component of a previously reported extract, and the impact of its association with neochlorogenic acid (the only non-anthocyanin phenolic present in said extract), upon several Staphylococcus strains with varying resistance profiles. Results show that, while malvidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside/neochlorogenic acid mixtures were unable to considerably inhibit bacterial growth after 24 h, they still possessed an interesting antibiofilm activity (with reductions of biofilm entrapped cells up to 2.5 log cycles, metabolic inhibition rates up to 81% and up to 51% of biomass inhibition). When considering the bacteria’s capacity to adhere to plain polystyrene surfaces, the inhibition ranges were considerably lower (21% maximum value). However, when considering polystyrene surfaces coated with plasmatic proteins this value was considerably higher (45% for adhesion in the presence of extract and 39% for adhesion after the surface was exposed to extract). Overall, the studied anthocyanins showed potential as future alternatives to traditional antimicrobials in adhesion and biofilm formation prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.P.); Tel.: +351-22-558-00-00 (S.S. & M.P.)
| | - Eduardo M. Costa
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Machado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Morais
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.P.); Tel.: +351-22-558-00-00 (S.S. & M.P.)
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2
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Le MNT, Kawada-Matsuo M, Komatsuzawa H. Efficiency of Antimicrobial Peptides Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcal Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:930629. [PMID: 35756032 PMCID: PMC9218695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.930629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics play a vital role in saving millions of lives from fatal infections; however, the inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence and propagation of drug resistance worldwide. Multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a significant challenge to treating infections due to the limitation of available antibiotics, necessitating the investigation of alternative treatments for combating these superbugs. Under such circumstances, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including human-derived AMPs and bacteria-derived AMPs (so-called bacteriocins), are considered potential therapeutic drugs owing to their high efficacy against infectious bacteria and the poor ability of these microorganisms to develop resistance to them. Several staphylococcal species including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are commensal bacteria and known to cause many opportunistic infectious diseases. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), are of particular concern among the critical multidrug-resistant infectious Gram-positive pathogens. Within the past decade, studies have reported promising AMPs that are effective against MRSA and other methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. This review discusses the sources and mechanisms of AMPs against staphylococcal species, as well as their potential to become chemotherapies for clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Nguyen-Tra Le
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miki Kawada-Matsuo
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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3
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Røken M, Iakhno S, Haaland AH, Wasteson Y, Bjelland AM. Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. from Infected Dogs to the Home Environment and Owners. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050637. [PMID: 35625281 PMCID: PMC9137922 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) infections often undergo treatment in their homes, interacting with their owners and surroundings. This close contact between dogs and owners may facilitate the interspecies transmission of MRS. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the transmission of MRS from infected dogs to their owners and home environments. Seven households with dogs that had been diagnosed with methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and one household with a dog with methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) participated in the study. Dogs, owners, and the home environments were screened for the presence of clinical MRS. A selection of 36 staphylococcal isolates were whole-genome sequenced and screened for resistance genes and virulence genes. Clinical MRS were primarily identified from the dogs and their immediate surroundings, but these were also detected in locations that were out of reach for the dogs, indicating indirect transmission. Two of eight owners carried clinical MRS in their nostrils, while one owner carried methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP). All clinical MRS were multi-resistant, and several possessed resistance genes that were not expressed phenotypically. Clinical MRSP persisted in the home environment for a prolonged period, despite infection recovery and one dog being euthanized. Regardless of the stable presence of MRSP in the surroundings, the owners in these homes remained negative, but tested positive for MSSP on three occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Røken
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway; (Y.W.); (A.M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-97-066-921
| | | | - Anita Haug Haaland
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway; (Y.W.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Ane Mohn Bjelland
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway; (Y.W.); (A.M.B.)
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4
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Boucherabine S, Nassar R, Zaher S, Mohamed L, Olsen M, Alqutami F, Hachim M, Alkhaja A, Campos M, Jones P, McKirdy S, Alghafri R, Tajouri L, Senok A. Metagenomic Sequencing and Reverse Transcriptase PCR Reveal That Mobile Phones and Environmental Surfaces Are Reservoirs of Multidrug-Resistant Superbugs and SARS-CoV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:806077. [PMID: 35372113 PMCID: PMC8964345 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.806077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile phones of healthcare workers (HCWs) can act as fomites in the dissemination of microbes. This study was carried out to investigate microbial contamination of mobile phones of HCWs and environmental samples from the hospital unit using a combination of phenotypic and molecular methods. Methods This point prevalence survey was carried out at the Emergency unit of a tertiary care facility. The emergency unit has two zones, a general zone for non-COVID-19 patients and a dedicated COVID-19 zone for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients. Swabs were obtained from the mobile phones of HCWs in both zones for bacterial culture and shotgun metagenomic analysis. Metagenomic sequencing of pooled environmental swabs was conducted. RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection was carried out. Results Bacteria contamination on culture was detected from 33 (94.2%) mobile phones with a preponderance of Staphylococcus epidermidis (n/N = 18/35), Staphylococcus hominis (n/N = 13/35), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n/N = 7/35). Two methicillin-sensitive and three methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and one pan-drug-resistant carbapenemase producer Acinetobacter baumannii were detected. Shotgun metagenomic analysis showed high signature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mobile phone and environmental samples with preponderance of P. aeruginosa bacteriophages. Malassezia and Aspergillus spp. were the predominant fungi detected. Fourteen mobile phones and one environmental sample harbored protists. P. aeruginosa antimicrobial resistance genes mostly encoding for efflux pump systems were detected. The P. aeruginosa virulent factor genes detected were related to motility, adherence, aggregation, and biofilms. One mobile phone from the COVID-19 zone (n/N = 1/5; 20%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 detection while all other phone and environmental samples were negative. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that mobile phones of HCWs are fomites for potentially pathogenic and highly drug-resistant microbes. The presence of these microbes on the mobile phones and hospital environmental surfaces is a concern as it poses a risk of pathogen transfer to patients and dissemination into the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Boucherabine
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania Nassar
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Shroque Zaher
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lobna Mohamed
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthew Olsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Fatma Alqutami
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulmajeed Alkhaja
- Medical Education & Research Department, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariana Campos
- CSIRO Land and Water, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Floreat, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Jones
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon McKirdy
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Rashed Alghafri
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.,Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,General Department of Forensic Sciences and Criminology, Dubai Police, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Dubai Future Council on Community Security and Dubai Police Scientists Council, Duba, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lotti Tajouri
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.,General Department of Forensic Sciences and Criminology, Dubai Police, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Dubai Future Council on Community Security and Dubai Police Scientists Council, Duba, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Jędrzejczyk M, Stępczyńska N, Klejborowska G, Podsiad M, Stefańska J, Steverding D, Huczyński A. Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and trypanocidal activity of derivatives of monensin A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 58:128521. [PMID: 34968675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of eleven derivatives of the natural polyether ionophore monensin A (MON), modified at the C-26 position, is presented. Eight urethane and three ester derivatives were tested for their antimicrobial activity against different strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, their antiparasitic activity was also evaluated with bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. The majority of the modified ionophores were active against a variety of Gram-positive bacterial strains, including methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, and showed better antibacterial activity than the unmodified MON. The phenyl urethane derivative of MON exhibited the most promising antibacterial activity of all tested compounds, with minimal inhibitory concentration values of 0.25-0.50 μg/ml. In contrast, none of the MON derivatives displayed higher antitrypanosomal activity than the unmodified ionophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jędrzejczyk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Stępczyńska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Greta Klejborowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Podsiad
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Stefańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dietmar Steverding
- Bob Champion Research and Education Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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6
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Paruch K, Popiołek Ł, Biernasiuk A, Hordyjewska A, Malm A, Wujec M. Novel 3-Acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazolines: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E5844. [PMID: 33322054 PMCID: PMC7763531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was the two-stage synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. The first step was the synthesis of hydrazide-hydrazones from 3-methyl-4-nitrobenzhydrazide and the corresponding substituted aromatic aldehydes. Then, the synthesized hydrazide-hydrazones were cyclized with acetic anhydride to obtain new 3-acetyl-2,3-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazolines. All of obtained compounds were tested in in vitro assays to establish their potential antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Our results indicated that few of the newly synthesized compounds had some antimicrobial activity, mainly compounds 20 and 37 towards all used reference bacterial strains (except Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi. These substances showed a strong or powerful bactericidal effect, especially against Staphylococcus spp. belonging to Gram-positive bacteria. Compound 37 was active against Staphylococcus epidermidis at minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.48 µg/mL and was characterized by low cytotoxicity. This compound possessed quinolin-4-yl substituent in the second position of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl in position 5. High effectiveness and safety of these derivatives make them promising candidates as antimicrobial agents. Whereas the compound 20 with the 5-iodofurane substituent in position 2 of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring showed the greatest activity against S. epidermidis at MIC = 1.95 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Paruch
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Łukasz Popiołek
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Anna Biernasiuk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Hordyjewska
- Chair and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Malm
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Monika Wujec
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.P.); (M.W.)
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7
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Preparation of nature inspired indicator based agar for detection and identification of MRSA and MRSE. Talanta 2020; 219:121292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Alfei S, Signorello MG, Schito A, Catena S, Turrini F. Reshaped as polyester-based nanoparticles, gallic acid inhibits platelet aggregation, reactive oxygen species production and multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria with an efficiency never obtained. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4148-4157. [PMID: 36132112 PMCID: PMC9419547 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00441f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural polyphenols such as Gallic Acid (GA) form an important class of bioactive chemical entities that, having innumerable biological properties, could represent a safer alternative to common drugs against several disorders, including platelet aggregation, radical oxygen species (ROS) hyperproduction, oxidative stress (OS) and bacterial infections. Unfortunately, their clinical uses are limited by pharmacokinetics drawbacks and high sensitivity to environmental factors. In order to overcome these problems and to exploit the GA curative potentials, it has been linked to a biodegradable nanospherical dendrimer matrix, capable of protecting it, thus obtaining a GA-enriched nanosized dendrimer (GAD) endowed with a strong antioxidant capacity. GAD activity as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and ROS accumulation and its antibacterial efficiency are evaluated here and compared to those of free GA, obtaining outcomes never achieved. Regarding platelet aggregation induced by thrombin and collagen, the GAD proved to be stronger by 7.1 and 7.3 times, respectively. Furthermore, the GAD showed a ROS inhibitory activity higher than that of GA by 8.1 (thrombin) and 6.9 (collagen) times. Concerning the antibacterial activities, evaluated on eleven multi-resistant Gram-positive strains of clinical relevance, the GAD is far more potent than GA, by exerting a growth inhibitory activity at MIC (μM) concentrations lower by factors in the range 12-50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa Viale Cembrano 4 I-16148 Genova Italy
| | | | - Anna Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa Viale Benedetto XV, 6 I-16132 Genova Italy
| | - Silvia Catena
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa Viale Cembrano 4 I-16148 Genova Italy
| | - Federica Turrini
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa Viale Cembrano 4 I-16148 Genova Italy
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9
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Kumar A, Kamal A, Singh S, Padalia RC, Tandon S, Chauhan A, Saikia D, Verma RS. Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, kinetics and mechanism of action of Himalayan-thyme (Thymus linearis Benth.). JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1662337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Aditi Kamal
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Research Centre Pantnagar, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Process Chemistry & Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Rajendra Chandra Padalia
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Research Centre Pantnagar, India
| | - Sudeep Tandon
- Process Chemistry & Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Chauhan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Research Centre Pantnagar, India
| | - Dharmendra Saikia
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Ram Swaroop Verma
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Research Centre Pantnagar, India
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10
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Kemal KE, Tesfaye S, Ashanafi S, Muhammadhussien AF. Prevalence, risk factors and multidrug resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in selected dairy farms in and around Asella town, Arsi Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2017.8529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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Felicetti T, Cannalire R, Burali MS, Massari S, Manfroni G, Barreca ML, Tabarrini O, Schindler BD, Sabatini S, Kaatz GW, Cecchetti V. Searching for Novel Inhibitors of the S. aureus NorA Efflux Pump: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the 3-Phenyl-1,4-benzothiazine Analogues. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1293-1302. [PMID: 28598572 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has become an increasingly serious health problem in recent years. Among the strategies by which resistance can be achieved, overexpression of efflux pumps such as NorA of Staphylococcus aureus leads to a sub-lethal concentration of the antibacterial agent at the active site that in turn may predispose the organism to the development of high-level target-based resistance. With an aim to improve both the chemical stability and potency of our previously reported 3-phenyl-1,4-benzothiazine NorA inhibitors, we replaced the benzothiazine core with different nuclei. None of the new synthesized compounds showed any appreciable intrinsic antibacterial activity, and, in particular, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)quinoline (6 c) was able to decrease, in a concentration-dependent manner, the ciprofloxacin MIC against the norA-overexpressing strains S. aureus SA-K2378 (norA++) and SA-1199B (norA+/A116E GrlA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Burali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bryan D Schindler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and the, John D. Dingell Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Glenn W Kaatz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and the, John D. Dingell Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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12
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Costa EM, Silva S, Vicente S, Neto C, Castro PM, Veiga M, Madureira R, Tavaria F, Pintado MM. Chitosan nanoparticles as alternative anti-staphylococci agents: Bactericidal, antibiofilm and antiadhesive effects. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [PMID: 28629011 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biocompatible, bioactive, non-toxic polymer that due to these characteristics has been widely used as a carrier for targeted delivery of bioactive molecules. In recent years, and considering that chitosan has a strong antimicrobial potential, the scientific community's focus has shifted onto the possible antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanoparticles. With this in mind, the aim of this work was to produce low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles, through the ionic gelation method and characterize their potential biological activity against three staphylococci (MSSA, MRSA and MRSE) in planktonic and sessile environments. The chitosan nanoparticles produced had an average size of 244±12nm, an average charge of 17.3±1.4mV and had a MIC of 1.25mg/mL for all tested microorganisms. Bactericidal activity was only registered for MSSA and MRSA with the time-inhibition curves showing bactericidal activity within 1h. Assays regarding chitosan nanoparticles' impact upon sessile populations showed that they were effective in preventing MRSE adhesion and highly effective in reducing MRSA and MSSA biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Vicente
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Neto
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - P M Castro
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Veiga
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - R Madureira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - F Tavaria
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - M M Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Detection of Antiseptic Resistance Genes among Staphylococcus aureus Colonising Nurses and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Clinical Specimens at Teaching Hospitals in Southwest of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.39285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Tintino SR, Oliveira-Tintino CD, Campina FF, Silva RL, Costa MDS, Menezes IR, Calixto-Júnior JT, Siqueira-Junior JP, Coutinho HD, Leal-Balbino TC, Balbino VQ. Evaluation of the tannic acid inhibitory effect against the NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2016; 97:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Park S, Chung HS, Lee M. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of six Staphylococcus pettenkoferi isolates from blood samples. Ann Lab Med 2015; 35:250-3. [PMID: 25729730 PMCID: PMC4330178 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2015.35.2.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are reported to be the leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Staphylococcus pettenkoferi is a novel member of CoNS that was first isolated from the human blood and bursitis wound in 2002. We have reported cases of 6 S. pettenkoferi strains isolated from blood specimens, including one pathogen and 5 contaminants and catheter colonizers. Brucker Biotyper (Brucker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) and molecular typing with 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the 6 isolates as S. pettenkoferi. The conventional phenotypic identification of these isolates is not reliable owing to their inconsistent biochemical characteristics. Five of the 6 isolates were found to be resistant to oxacillin, and all isolates showed susceptibility to vancomycin and linezolid. For accurate identification of this novel species, advanced methods by using Brucker Biotyper or molecular methods such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholhui Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Sun Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Pérez-Ayala M, Oliver P, Rodríguez Cantalejo F. Prevalence of bacterial contamination of glucose test strips in individual single-use packets versus multiple-use vials. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2013; 7:854-62. [PMID: 23911166 PMCID: PMC3879749 DOI: 10.1177/193229681300700407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose measurement is the cornerstone of diabetes control. In the hospital setting, the same device and package of test strips (50 or 100 strips) can be used to monitor glucose in several patients, which can increase cross contamination. The objective of our study is to measure bacterial contamination in glucose test strips, comparing results in individual single-use packets (one hospital) versus multi-use vials (two hospitals) in Spain. METHODS Test strips were collected from five different wards. Each hospital also collected two unopened vials from a single ward as controls. They were sent to a reference laboratory for microbiologic study. A number equal or higher than two colony forming units per strip was considered as a positive result. RESULTS Out of 423 glucose test strips collected and cultured, 146 were contaminated (34%); only 7% of individually packed strips were contaminated versus 45% of strips packed in multi-use vials, with a high statistical significance (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS In the strips from multi-use vials, a high contamination rate was found and highly pathogenic organisms were identified, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus hemolyticus. In contrast, in strips packed individually, there was a much lower contamination rate and no such pathogen organisms were found. Therefore, in the hospital setting, the use of blood glucose test strips in individual packages would be more advantageous (mainly from a clinical point of view, but also from a financial one) than those packed in multi-use vials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millán Pérez-Ayala
- Department of Analisis Clinicos, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
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17
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Sabatini S, Gosetto F, Iraci N, Barreca ML, Massari S, Sancineto L, Manfroni G, Tabarrini O, Dimovska M, Kaatz GW, Cecchetti V. Re-evolution of the 2-Phenylquinolines: Ligand-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Potent New Class of Staphylococcus aureus NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4975-89. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Gosetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Sancineto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mirjana Dimovska
- John D. Dingell Department of
Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Internal Medicine,
Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United
States
| | - Glenn W. Kaatz
- John D. Dingell Department of
Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Internal Medicine,
Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United
States
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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18
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Blanco AR, Sudano Roccaro A, Spoto CG, Papa V. Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci clinical isolates to netilmicin and other antibiotics commonly used in ophthalmic therapy. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:811-6. [PMID: 23534928 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.780624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test the activity of selected antimicrobial agents commonly used in the treatment of ocular infections against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) isolates. METHODS A total of 43 staphylococci from respiratory tract and ocular infections were characterized for methicillin resistance using the Epsilometer test (E-test), the polymerase chain reaction for mecA gene detection and the PBP2' latex agglutination test. A perfect agreement among them was observed in 20 isolates (8 MRSA and 12 MRSE) which were then employed in the susceptibility test by using the agar disk diffusion test (NCCLS). The antibiotics tested were: netilmicin (NET), tobramycin (TOB), azithromycin (AZM), levofloxacin (LEV), moxifloxacin (MXF), chloramphenicol (C) and vancomycin (VA). RESULTS All MRSE and most (87.5%) of MRSA isolates tested were NET and VA sensitive. The majority of MRSA were found to be resistant to all the other antibiotics, with the exception of C. In particular, 75%, 87% and 100% of the isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones (LEV and MXF), AZM and TOB, respectively. As for the MRSE group, 25% of the strains tested were resistant to C and MXF while 33%, 42% and 58% of the strains were resistant to LEV, AZM and TOB, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Together with VA, NET was the most effective antibiotic tested against both MRSA and MRSE clinical isolates. The exclusive topical use of NET for the treatment of ocular infections may curtail the emergence, spreading and persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Blanco
- Research & Development, S.I.F.I. SpA, Aci S. Antonio (CT), Italy.
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19
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White S, Topping A, Humphreys P, Rout S, Williamson H. The cross-contamination potential of mobile telephones. J Res Nurs 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1744987112458670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mobile devices for professional, business, educational, personal and social purposes has accelerated exponentially over the last decade. Staff working in healthcare organisations, and patients and visitors using healthcare settings, understandably want to use mobile technology. Concerns have been raised about safety in terms of interference with equipment, and threats to privacy and dignity, yet less policy attention has been paid to infection risks. Healthcare professional students were supplied with smartphones as part of a larger educational project. Devices collected from a sub-sample of students working in operating theatre contexts were sampled to estimate the cross-contamination potential of the technology. A longitudinal multiple measures design was used. Under laboratory conditions, samples were taken from surfaces using swabbing techniques followed by contact plating. The devices were subsequently cleaned with 70% isopropyl alcohol and returned to the students. All devices demonstrated microbial contamination and over three quarters (86%) polymicrobial contamination. The technique and sites used to sample for microbial contamination influenced the levels of contamination identified. Swabbing alone was less likely to isolate polymicrobial contamination than contact plating, and some microorganisms were isolated only by contact plates and not by swabbing of the same area. The findings from this study demonstrate further research is urgently needed to inform evidence-based infection control policy on the use of personal equipment such as mobile devices in the healthcare settings where contamination may have adverse effects on patients, staff and visitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen White
- Senior Lecturer in Operating Department Practice, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Annie Topping
- Professor of Nursing and Director of the Centre for Health & Social Care Research, University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Paul Humphreys
- Reader in Applied Microbiology, Hygiene and Disinfection Centre, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Simon Rout
- Microbiologist, Hygiene and Disinfection Centre, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Hanna Williamson
- Microbiologist, Hygiene and Disinfection Centre, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK
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20
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Vandecandelaere I, Matthijs N, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Vosters P, De Bus L, Nelis HJ, Depuydt P, Coenye T. Assessment of microbial diversity in biofilms recovered from endotracheal tubes using culture dependent and independent approaches. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38401. [PMID: 22693635 PMCID: PMC3367921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection in mechanically ventilated patients. Biofilm formation is one of the mechanisms through which the endotracheal tube (ET) facilitates bacterial contamination of the lower airways. In the present study, we analyzed the composition of the ET biofilm flora by means of culture dependent and culture independent (16 S rRNA gene clone libraries and pyrosequencing) approaches. Overall, the microbial diversity was high and members of different phylogenetic lineages were detected (Actinobacteria, beta-Proteobacteria, Candida spp., Clostridia, epsilon-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and gamma-Proteobacteria). Culture dependent analysis, based on the use of selective growth media and conventional microbiological tests, resulted in the identification of typical aerobic nosocomial pathogens which are known to play a role in the development of VAP, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other opportunistic pathogens were also identified, including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Kocuria varians. In general, there was little correlation between the results obtained by sequencing 16 S rRNA gene clone libraries and by cultivation. Pyrosequencing of PCR amplified 16 S rRNA genes of four selected samples resulted in the identification of a much wider variety of bacteria. The results from the pyrosequencing analysis suggest that these four samples were dominated by members of the normal oral flora such as Prevotella spp., Peptostreptococcus spp. and lactic acid bacteria. A combination of methods is recommended to obtain a complete picture of the microbial diversity of the ET biofilm.
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21
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Zhang M, O’Donoghue M, Ito T, Hiramatsu K, Boost M. Prevalence of antiseptic-resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci colonising nurses and the general population in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 2011; 78:113-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Galkowska H, Podbielska A, Olszewski WL, Stelmach E, Luczak M, Rosinski G, Karnafel W. Epidemiology and prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: focus on the differences between species isolated from individuals with ischemic vs. neuropathic foot ulcers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 84:187-93. [PMID: 19269053 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether foot ischemia or neuropathy with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) promote selection of staphylococci species, evaluated frequency of MRSA and MRSE among strains yielded from patients with DFU and assessed multidrug resistance of isolates. Patients with DFU and foot osteomyelitis were divided into ischemic foot ulcer (IFU, n=21) and neuropathic foot ulcer (NFU, n=29) groups. Frequency of Staphylococcus epidermidis yielded from curettage of IFU was higher compared with NFU (P<0.05). S. epidermidis was also more frequently isolated from the toe web surface of patients with IFU compared with NFU (55% vs. 17.9%, respectively) and healthy volunteers (HV, n=20) (17.6%, P<0.05). These mostly MRSE strains (83.3-100%) originating from DFU patients were multidrug resistant (88.8%). Also, most of MRSA isolates were multidrug resistant (70.3%). Higher rates of MSSA from DFU patients than HV showed resistance to antimicrobials. This is the first report indicating that diabetic patients with IFU differ with NFU patients in higher frequency of S. epidermidis skin colonization and ulcer infection. We suggest that IFU should be defined as separate disease state of DFU and S. epidermidis should be appreciated as a nosocomial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Galkowska
- Department of Surgical Research & Transplantology, Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, 5 Pawinskiego str, Poland.
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23
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Bourgeois I, Pestel-Caron M, Lemeland JF, Pons JL, Caron F. Tolerance to the glycopeptides vancomycin and teicoplanin in coagulase-negative staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:740-3. [PMID: 17116684 PMCID: PMC1797755 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00719-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in 90 clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) was investigated by time-kill curve methodology. Only six strains, belonging to the Staphylococcus lugdunensis species, exhibited tolerance. The seven other S. lugdunensis strains tested displayed weak susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of glycopeptides compared to the other CoNS. These phenomena are of concern, since S. lugdunensis is recognized as one of the most pathogenic CoNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Bourgeois
- Groupe de Recherce sur les Antimicrobiens et les Microorganismes, U.P.R.E.S. EA 2656, I.F.R. 23, Université de Rouen, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rouen, France
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24
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Squires RA, Postier RG. Tigecycline for the treatment of infections due to resistant Gram-positive organisms. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 15:155-62. [PMID: 16433594 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tigecycline is a novel compound in the antimicrobial class known as the glycylcyclines. In vitro studies have shown it to have activity against the vast majority of Gram-positive pathogens, including multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Tigecycline has also shown excellent in vitro activity against a broad range of Gram-negative enteric organisms including strains resistant to other antimicrobials as well as anaerobes. Tigecycline is not affected by the ribosomal protection and efflux mechanisms transmitted by the known tetracycline resistance genes. Tigecycline represents an exciting new class of glycylcycline antimicrobial agents for the treatment of multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Although its broad spectrum of activity, which also includes Gram-negative enterics, makes it a candidate for empiric therapy for intra-abdominal infections, its spectrum against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive organisms makes it a very attractive choice for empiric treatment of Gram-positive infections in patients at risk for resistant strains. The two pivotal Phase II clinical trials involving complicated skin and soft tissue infections and intra-abdominal infections have shown the drug to be safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Squires
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Surgery, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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25
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Guay DRP. Oritavancin and Tigecycline: Investigational Antimicrobials for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmacotherapy 2004; 24:58-68. [PMID: 14740788 DOI: 10.1592/phco.24.1.58.34808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of multidrug-resistant gram-positive aerobes such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the enterococci, which are resistant to beta-lactams, vancomycin, and a host of other commonly used antimicrobials, has complicated our approach to antibiotic therapy. Despite marketing of the first oxazolidinone, linezolid, and the streptogramin combination, quinupristin-dalfopristin, an urgent need exists for more agents to combat these pathogens. Two such agents, the glycopeptide oritavancin (LY333328) and the glycylcycline tigecycline (GAR-936), are in phase III clinical trials. These agents, which require parenteral administration, exhibit substantial in vitro activity against a variety of gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes, including the multidrug-resistant organisms listed previously. Only tigecycline demonstrates useful activity against gram-negative organisms. Combination therapy of these agents with ampicillin or aminoglycosides frequently leads to synergistic in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant staphylococci and streptococci. These agents are also active in a variety of animal models of systemic and localized infections. Few published efficacy and tolerability data are available in humans. If controlled clinical trial data verify these agents' efficacy and tolerability, both drugs should become welcome additions to the available antimicrobials. However, restricting their use to the treatment of infections caused by bacteria resistant to other antimicrobials, especially multidrug-resistant staphylococci and streptococci, may prolong their clinical utility by retarding the development of resistance. Careful surveillance of bacterial sensitivity to these agents should be undertaken to assist clinicians in the decision whether or not to use these agents empirically to treat infections caused by suspected multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R P Guay
- Institute for the Study of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci are mostly resistant not only to all beta-lactams but also to a wide range of other antibiotics, and have emerged as major nosocomial pathogens during the past two decades. Considerable variations in the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) exist between institutions and between geographic areas. In Europe, in general, a north-south gradient is observed, MRSA strains being rare in Scandinavian hospitals (<2%) and far more prevalent in Mediterranean hospitals (>40%). Whether low or high, the rates of MRSA prevalence in European countries have remained approximately the same during the last decade. Recent findings suggest that MRSA might also be emerging as a community-acquired pathogen. The first stage in the emergence of MRSA is its acquisition by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, and the integration into its chromosome, of the mecA gene, which, together with the other mec genes, is carried on a mobile genetic element, the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec). The origin of SCCmec elements as well as the mechanisms of their acquisition remain unknown. Molecular epidemiology studies using different techniques clearly indicate that the massive geographic spread of MRSA results from the dissemination of relatively few highly epidemic clones. Five major lineages (the so-called Iberian, Brazilian, Hungarian, New York/Japan and pediatric pandemic MRSA clones) have been defined. In Europe, the Iberian clone has been reported in several countries; the Brazilian, pediatric and Hungarian clones have also been detected, but less frequently. A unique Italian clone is predominant in Italy. As with S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) represent a serious concern in hospital-acquired infections. Despite marked geographic variations, in some areas of Europe high proportions (60-70%) of CNS are methicillin resistant. The formation of biofilm is a key virulence factor of S. epidermidis, the prominent CNS pathogen, which is the most common cause of bacteremia in device-related infections. Another emerging nosocomial pathogen, S. hemolyticus, is characterized by a tendency to develop multiple antibiotic resistances, with a unique predisposition to glycopeptide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stefani
- Department of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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27
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Höffken G. Is the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics too narrow-minded in the treatment of severe infections? Clin Microbiol Infect 2000; 6 Suppl 2:7-10. [PMID: 11523523 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Höffken
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustavus Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
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