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Wang M, Song X, Wen Y, Zhong M, Zhang W, Luo C, Zhang Q. The wavelength dependence of oxygen-evolving complex inactivation in Zosteramarina. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108739. [PMID: 38772168 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Zostera marina, a critical keystone marine angiosperm species in coastal seagrass meadows, possesses a photosensitive oxygen evolving complex (OEC). In harsh environments, the photoinactivation of the Z. marina OEC may lead to population declines. However, the factors underlying this photosensitivity remain unclear. Therefore, this study was undertaken to elucidate the elements contributing to Z. marina OEC photosensitivity. Our results demonstrated a gradual decrease in photosystem II performance towards shorter wavelengths, especially blue light and ultraviolet radiation. This phenomenon was characterized by a reduction in Fv/Fm and the rate of O2 evolution, as well as increased fluorescence at 0.3 ms on the OJIP curve. Furthermore, exposure to shorter light wavelengths and longer exposure durations significantly reduced the relative abundance of the OEC peripheral proteins, indicating OEC inactivation. Analyses of light-screening substances revealed that carotenoids, which increased most notably under 420 nm light, might primarily serve as thermal dissipators instead of efficient light filters. In contrast, anthocyanins reacted least to short-wavelength light, in terms of changes to both their content and the expression of genes related to their biosynthesis. Additionally, the levels of aromatically acylated anthocyanins remained consistent across blue-, white-, and red-light treatments. These findings suggest that OEC photoinactivation in Z. marina may be linked to inadequate protection against short-wavelength light, a consequence of insufficient synthesis and aromatic acylation modification of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Wang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - XiuKai Song
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Yun Wen
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Mingyu Zhong
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Chengying Luo
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
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Liu X, Xie Z, Xin J, Yuan S, Liu S, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Jin C. OsbZIP18 Is a Positive Regulator of Phenylpropanoid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis under UV-B Radiation in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:498. [PMID: 38502046 PMCID: PMC10893026 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In plants exposed to ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B; 280-315 nm), metabolic responses are activated, which reduce the damage caused by UV-B. Although several metabolites responding to UV-B stress have been identified in plants, the accumulation of these metabolites at different time points under UV-B stress remains largely unclear, and the transcription factors regulating these metabolites have not been well characterized. Here, we explored the changes in metabolites in rice after UV-B treatment for 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h and identified six patterns of metabolic change. We show that the rice transcription factor OsbZIP18 plays an important role in regulating phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis under UV-B stress in rice. Metabolic profiling revealed that the contents of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid were significantly reduced in osbzip18 mutants compared with the wild-type plants (WT) under UV-B stress. Further analysis showed that the expression of many genes involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways was lower in osbzip18 mutants than in WT plants, including OsPAL5, OsC4H, Os4CL, OsCHS, OsCHIL2, and OsF3H. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) revealed that OsbZIP18 bind to the promoters of these genes, suggesting that OsbZIP18 function is an important positive regulator of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis under UV-B stress. In conclusion, our findings revealed that OsbZIP18 is an essential regulator for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis and plays a crucial role in regulating UV-B stress responses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ziyang Xie
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiajun Xin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shiqing Yuan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Ashikhmin A, Bolshakov M, Pashkovskiy P, Vereshchagin M, Khudyakova A, Shirshikova G, Kozhevnikova A, Kosobryukhov A, Kreslavski V, Kuznetsov V, Allakhverdiev SI. The Adaptive Role of Carotenoids and Anthocyanins in Solanum lycopersicum Pigment Mutants under High Irradiance. Cells 2023; 12:2569. [PMID: 37947647 PMCID: PMC10650732 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of high-intensity light on the pigment content, photosynthetic rate, and fluorescence parameters of photosystem II in high-pigment tomato mutants (hp 3005) and low-pigment mutants (lp 3617) were investigated. This study also evaluated the dry weight percentage of low molecular weight antioxidant capacity, expression patterns of some photoreceptor-regulated genes, and structural aspects of leaf mesophyll cells. The 3005 mutant displayed increased levels of photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins, whereas the 3617 mutant demonstrated a heightened content of ultraviolet-absorbing pigments. The photosynthetic rate, photosystem II activity, antioxidant capacity, and carotenoid content were most pronounced in the high-pigment mutant after 72 h exposure to intense light. This mutant also exhibited an increase in leaf thickness and water content when exposed to high-intensity light, suggesting superior physiological adaptability and reduced photoinhibition. Our findings indicate that the enhanced adaptability of the high-pigment mutant might be attributed to increased flavonoid and carotenoid contents, leading to augmented expression of key genes associated with pigment synthesis and light regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ashikhmin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Maksim Bolshakov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Mikhail Vereshchagin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Alexandra Khudyakova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Galina Shirshikova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Anna Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Anatoliy Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimir Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimir Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
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Milić Komić S, Živanović B, Dumanović J, Kolarž P, Sedlarević Zorić A, Morina F, Vidović M, Veljović Jovanović S. Differential Antioxidant Response to Supplemental UV-B Irradiation and Sunlight in Three Basil Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15350. [PMID: 37895033 PMCID: PMC10607338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three basil plant varieties (Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese, Ocimum × citriodorum, and Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens) were grown under moderate light (about 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1) in a glasshouse or growth chamber and then either transferred to an open field (average daily dose: 29.2 kJ m-2 d-1) or additionally exposed to UV-B irradiation in a growth chamber (29.16 kJ m-2 d-1), to reveal the variety-specific and light-specific acclimation responses. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), phenolic profile, ascorbate content, and class III peroxidase (POD) activity were used to determine the antioxidant status of leaves under all four light regimes. Exposure to high solar irradiation at the open field resulted in an increase in TAC, total hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs, especially caffeic acid), flavonoids, and epidermal UV-absorbing substances in all three varieties, as well as a two-fold increase in the leaf dry/fresh weight ratio. The supplemental UV-B irradiation induced preferential accumulation of HCAs (rosmarinic acid) over flavonoids, increased TAC and POD activity, but decreased the ascorbate content in the leaves, and inhibited the accumulation of epidermal flavonoids in all basil varieties. Furthermore, characteristic leaf curling and UV-B-induced inhibition of plant growth were observed in all basil varieties, while a pro-oxidant effect of UV-B was indicated with H2O2 accumulation in the leaves and spotty leaf browning. The extent of these morphological changes, and oxidative damage depended on the basil cultivar, implies a genotype-specific tolerance mechanism to high doses of UV-B irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Milić Komić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Science, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.M.K.); (B.Ž.); (A.S.Z.)
| | - Bojana Živanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Science, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.M.K.); (B.Ž.); (A.S.Z.)
| | - Jelena Dumanović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Predrag Kolarž
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ana Sedlarević Zorić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Science, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.M.K.); (B.Ž.); (A.S.Z.)
| | - Filis Morina
- Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovska 31/1160, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Marija Vidović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Laboratory for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sonja Veljović Jovanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Science, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.M.K.); (B.Ž.); (A.S.Z.)
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Do TMH, Choi M, Kim JK, Kim YJ, Park C, Park CH, Park NI, Kim C, Sathasivam R, Park SU. Impact of Light and Dark Treatment on Phenylpropanoid Pathway Genes, Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Agastache rugosa Transgenic Hairy Root Cultures by Overexpressing Arabidopsis Transcription Factor AtMYB12. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041042. [PMID: 37109572 PMCID: PMC10142052 DOI: 10.3390/life13041042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Agastache rugosa, otherwise called Korean mint, has a wide range of medicinal benefits. In addition, it is a rich source of several medicinally valuable compounds such as acacetin, tilianin, and some phenolic compounds. The present study aimed to investigate how the Tartary buckwheat transcription factor AtMYB12 increased the primary and secondary metabolites in Korean mint hairy roots cultured under light and dark conditions. A total of 50 metabolites were detected by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that the AtMYB12 transcription factor upregulated the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway genes, which leads to the highest accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in the AtMYB12-overexpressing hairy root lines (transgenic) than that of the GUS-overexpressing hairy root line (control) when grown under the light and dark conditions. However, when the transgenic hairy root lines were grown under dark conditions, the phenolic and flavone content was not significantly different from that of the control hairy root lines. Similarly, the heat map and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) result showed that most of the metabolites were significantly abundant in the transgenic hairy root cultures grown under light conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the identified metabolites were separated far based on the primary and secondary metabolite contents present in the control and transgenic hairy root lines grown under light and dark conditions. Metabolic pathway analysis of the detected metabolites showed 54 pathways were identified, among these 30 were found to be affected. From these results, the AtMYB12 transcription factor activity might be light-responsive in the transgenic hairy root cultures, triggering the activation of the primary and secondary metabolic pathways in Korean mint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Minh Hanh Do
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsol Choi
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanung Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, Dalgubeol-daero 1095, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Il Park
- Division of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Chen H, Liu C, Li Y, Wang X, Pan X, Wang F, Zhang Q. Developmental dynamic transcriptome and systematic analysis reveal the major genes underlying isoflavone accumulation in soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1014349. [PMID: 36959940 PMCID: PMC10027745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1014349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soy isoflavone, a class of polyphenolic compounds exclusively occurred in legumes, is an important bioactive compound for both plants and human beings. The outline of isoflavones biosynthesis pathway has been drawn up basically in the previous research. However, research on the subject has been mostly restricted to investigate the static regulation of isoflavone content in soybean, rather than characterize its dynamic variation and modulation network in developing seeds. METHODS In this study, by using eight recombinant inbred lines (RIL), the contents of six isoflavone components in the different stages of developing soybean seeds were determined to characterize the dynamic variation of isoflavones, and the isoflavones accumulation pattern at physiological level was investigated. Meanwhile, we integrated and analyzed the whole genome expression profile of four lines and 42 meta-transcriptome data, based on the multiple algorithms. RESULTS This study: 1) obtained 4 molecular modules strongly correlated with isoflavone accumulation; 2) identified 28 novel major genes that could affect the accumulation of isoflavones in developing seeds free from the limitation of environments; 3) discussed the dynamic molecular patterns regulating isoflavones accumulation in developing seed; 4) expanded the isoflavone biosynthesis pathway. DISCUSSION The results not only promote the understandings on the biosynthesis and regulation of isoflavones at physiological and molecular level, but also facilitate to breed elite soybean cultivars with high isoflavone contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design and Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design and Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design and Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design and Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design and Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design and Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design and Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
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Harbart V, Frede K, Fitzner M, Baldermann S. Regulation of carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in Lactuca sativa var capitate L. in protected cultivation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1124750. [PMID: 36866364 PMCID: PMC9971571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the face of a growing world population and limited land, there is an urgent demand for higher productivity of food crops, and cultivation systems must be adapted to future needs. Sustainable crop production should aim for not only high yields, but also high nutritional values. In particular, the consumption of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and flavonoids is associated with a reduced incidence of non-transmissible diseases. Modulating environmental conditions by improving cultivation systems can lead to the adaption of plant metabolisms and the accumulation of bioactive compounds. The present study investigates the regulation of carotenoid and flavonoid metabolisms in lettuce (Lactuca sativa var capitate L.) grown in a protected environment (polytunnels) compared to plants grown without polytunnels. Carotenoid, flavonoid and phytohormone (ABA) contents were determined using HPLC-MS and transcript levels of key metabolic genes were analyzed by RT-qPCR. In this study, we observed inverse contents of flavonoids and carotenoids in lettuce grown without or under polytunnels. Flavonoid contents on a total and individual level were significantly lower, while total carotenoid content was higher in lettuce plants grown under polytunnels compared to without. However, the adaptation was specific to the level of individual carotenoids. For instance, the accumulation of the main carotenoids lutein and neoxanthin was induced while the β-carotene content remained unchanged. In addition, our findings suggest that the flavonoid content of lettuce depends on transcript levels of the key biosynthetic enzyme, which is modulated by UV light. A regulatory influence can be assumed based on the relation between the concentration of the phytohormone ABA and the flavonoid content in lettuce. In contrast, the carotenoid content is not reflected in transcript levels of the key enzyme of either the biosynthetic or the degradation pathway. Nevertheless, the carotenoid metabolic flux determined using norflurazon was higher in lettuce grown under polytunnels, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation of carotenoid accumulation, which should be an integral part of future studies. Therefore, a balance needs to be found between the individual environmental factors, including light and temperature, in order to optimize the carotenoid or flavonoid contents and to obtain nutritionally highly valuable crops in protected cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Harbart
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
- Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Katja Frede
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Maria Fitzner
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
- Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, Food Metabolome, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany
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Vrábl D, Nezval J, Pech R, Volná A, Mašková P, Pleva J, Kuzniciusová N, Provazová M, Štroch M, Špunda V. Light Drives and Temperature Modulates: Variation of Phenolic Compounds Profile in Relation to Photosynthesis in Spring Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032427. [PMID: 36768753 PMCID: PMC9916737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation and metabolic profile of phenolic compounds (PheCs; serving as UV-screening pigments and antioxidants) as well as carbon fixation rate (An) and plant growth are sensitive to irradiance and temperature. Since these factors are naturally co-acting in the environment, it is worthy to study the combined effects of these environmental factors to assess their possible physiological consequences. We investigated how low and high irradiance in combination with different temperatures modify the metabolic profile of PheCs and expression of genes involved in the antioxidative enzyme and PheCs biosynthesis, in relation to photosynthetic activity and availability of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in spring barley seedlings. High irradiance positively affected An, NSC, PheCs content, and antioxidant activity (AOX). High temperature led to decreased An, NSC, and increased dark respiration, whilst low temperature was accompanied by reduction of UV-A shielding but increase of PheCs content and AOX. Besides that, irradiance and temperature caused changes in the metabolic profile of PheCs, particularly alteration in homoorientin/isovitexin derivatives ratio, possibly related to demands on AOX-based protection. Moreover, we also observed changes in the ratio of sinapoyl-/feruloyl- acylated flavonoids, the function of which is not yet known. The data also strongly suggested that the NSC content may support the PheCs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vrábl
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Nezval
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (V.Š.)
| | - Radomír Pech
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Volná
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Mašková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pleva
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Kuzniciusová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Provazová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Štroch
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (V.Š.)
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Hussain Q, Zheng M, Hänninen H, Bhalerao RP, Riaz MW, Sajjad M, Zhang R, Wu J. Effect of the photoperiod on bud dormancy in Liriodendron chinense. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153835. [PMID: 36257086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy and its release are complex physiological phenomena in plants. The molecular mechanisms of bud dormancy in Liriodendron chinense are mainly unknown. Here, we studied bud dormancy and the related physiological and molecular phenomena in Liriodendron under long-day (LD) and short-day (SD). Bud burst was released faster under LD than under SD. Abscisic acid (ABA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were increased significantly under LD in Liriodendron buds. In contrast, the contents of gibberellic acid (GA3), ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity decreased under LD but increased under SD. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated under LD and down-regulated under SD and these changes correspondingly promoted (LD) or repressed (SD) cell division and the number and/or size of cells in the bud. Transcriptomic analysis of Liriodendron buds under different photoperiods identified 187 DEGs enriched in several pathways such as flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone and signal transduction, etc. that are associated with antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and subsequently promote the growth of the buds. Our findings provide novel insights into regulating bud dormancy via flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone and signal transduction pathways, and ABA content. These physiological and biochemical traits would help detect bud dormancy in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Silvicultural Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Manjia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Silvicultural Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Heikki Hänninen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Silvicultural Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | | | - Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Silvicultural Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Silvicultural Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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10
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Kabange NR, Mun BG, Lee SM, Kwon Y, Lee D, Lee GM, Yun BW, Lee JH. Nitric oxide: A core signaling molecule under elevated GHGs (CO 2, CH 4, N 2O, O 3)-mediated abiotic stress in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994149. [PMID: 36407609 PMCID: PMC9667792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an ancient molecule with multiple roles in plants, has gained momentum and continues to govern plant biosciences-related research. NO, known to be involved in diverse physiological and biological processes, is a central molecule mediating cellular redox homeostasis under abiotic and biotic stresses. NO signaling interacts with various signaling networks to govern the adaptive response mechanism towards stress tolerance. Although diverging views question the role of plants in the current greenhouse gases (GHGs) budget, it is widely accepted that plants contribute, in one way or another, to the release of GHGs (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ozone (O3)) to the atmosphere, with CH4 and N2O being the most abundant, and occur simultaneously. Studies support that elevated concentrations of GHGs trigger similar signaling pathways to that observed in commonly studied abiotic stresses. In the process, NO plays a forefront role, in which the nitrogen metabolism is tightly related. Regardless of their beneficial roles in plants at a certain level of accumulation, high concentrations of CO2, CH4, and N2O-mediating stress in plants exacerbate the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. This review assesses and discusses the current knowledge of NO signaling and its interaction with other signaling pathways, here focusing on the reported calcium (Ca2+) and hormonal signaling, under elevated GHGs along with the associated mechanisms underlying GHGs-induced stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkulu Rolly Kabange
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science Rural Development Administration (RDA), Miryang, South Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Plant Functional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - So-Myeong Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science Rural Development Administration (RDA), Miryang, South Korea
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science Rural Development Administration (RDA), Miryang, South Korea
| | - Dasol Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Plant Functional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Geun-Mo Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Plant Functional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Plant Functional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science Rural Development Administration (RDA), Miryang, South Korea
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11
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Lee JH, Tanaka S, Goto E. Growth and Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds of Canola ( Brassica napus L.) to Different Ultraviolet (UV)-B Wavelengths in a Plant Factory with Artificial Light. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1732. [PMID: 35807684 PMCID: PMC9268760 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation to supplement visible light as an elicitor to increase bioactive compounds under controlled conditions is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of UV-B dose and wavelength region (280−300 and 300−320 nm) on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of canola plants (Brassica napus L.). Canola plants (17 days after sowing) were subjected to various UV-B intensities (i.e., 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 W m−2) and were divided into cut and non-cut treatments for each UV treatment. Plant growth parameters exhibited different trends based on the treated UV irradiation intensity. Plant growth gradually decreased as the UV irradiation intensity and exposure time increased. Despite the same UV irradiation intensity, plant response varied significantly depending on the presence or absence of a short-wavelength cut filter (<300 nm). Canola plants suffered more leaf damage in nonfilter treatments containing shorter wavelengths (280−300 nm). UV treatment effectively activates the expression of secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes, differing depending on the UV irradiation intensity. Our results suggest that both UV irradiation intensity and wavelength should be considered when enhancing antioxidant phytochemicals without inhibiting plant growth in a plant factory with artificial light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Lee
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Chiba 271-8510, Japan; (J.-H.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Saki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Chiba 271-8510, Japan; (J.-H.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Eiji Goto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Chiba 271-8510, Japan; (J.-H.L.); (S.T.)
- Plant Molecular Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
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12
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Gai QY, Fu JX, Lu Y, Yao L, Cao RZ, He XJ, Feng X, Fu YJ, Jiao J. Health-Promoting Phenolic Compound Accumulation, Antioxidant Response, Endogenous Salicylic Acid Generation, and Biosynthesis Gene Expression in Germinated Pigeon Pea Seeds Treated with UV-B Radiation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5680-5690. [PMID: 35475338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Germinated pigeon pea seeds (GPPSs) are good dietary supplements with satisfactory nutritional and medicinal values. In this study, UV-B treatment was used to promote the accumulation of health-promoting phenolic compounds (10 flavonoids and 1 stilbene) in GPPS. The total yield of 11 phenolic compounds (235 839.76 ± 17 118.24 ng/g DW) significantly improved (2.53-fold increase) in GPPSs exposed to UV-B radiation (3 W/m2) for 8 h, whereas free amino acid and reducing sugar contents exhibited a decreasing tendency during UV-B exposure. Meanwhile, the positive response in the antioxidant activities of enzymes and nonenzymatic extracts was noticed in UV-B-treated GPPSs. Moreover, UV-B radiation could cause tissue damages in hypocotyls and cotyledons of the GPPSs and enhance the generation of endogenous salicylic acid, thus activating the expression of biosynthesis genes (especially CHS and STS1). Overall, the simple UV-B supplementation strategy makes GPPSs more attractive as functional foods/nutraceuticals in diet for promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yan Gai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Ze Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jia He
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
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13
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Drought and UV Radiation Stress Tolerance in Rice Is Improved by Overaccumulation of Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050917. [PMID: 35624781 PMCID: PMC9137601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought and ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation) are the coexisting environmental factors that negatively affect plant growth and development via oxidative damage. Flavonoids are reactive, scavenging oxygen species (ROS) and UV radiation-absorbing compounds generated under stress conditions. We investigated the biosynthesis of kaempferol and quercetin in wild and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) overexpresser rice plants when drought and UV radiation stress were imposed individually and together. Phenotypic variation indicated that both kinds of stress highly reduced rice plant growth parameters in wild plants as compared to transgenic plants. When combined, the stressors adversely affected rice plant growth parameters more than when they were imposed individually. Overaccumulation of kaempferol and quercetin in transgenic plants demonstrated that both flavonoids were crucial for enhanced tolerance to such stresses. Oxidative activity assays showed that kaempferol and quercetin overaccumulation with strong non-enzymatic antioxidant activity mitigated the accumulation of ROS under drought and UV radiation stress. Lower contents of salicylic acid (SA) in transgenic plants indicated that flavonoid accumulation reduced stress, which led to the accumulation of low levels of SA. Transcriptional regulation of the dehydrin (DHN) and ultraviolet-B resistance 8 (UVR8) genes showed significant increases in transgenic plants compared to wild plants under stress. Taken together, these results confirm the usefulness of kaempferol and quercetin in enhancing tolerance to both drought and UV radiation stress.
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14
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Larsen DH, Li H, Shrestha S, Verdonk JC, Nicole CCS, Marcelis LFM, Woltering EJ. Lack of Blue Light Regulation of Antioxidants and Chilling Tolerance in Basil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:852654. [PMID: 35463427 PMCID: PMC9021895 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.852654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blue light, measuring from 400 to 500 nm, is generally assumed to increase the content of antioxidants in plants independent of the species. Blue light stimulates the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and their subclass anthocyanins from the phenylpropanoid pathway. Flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids are strong reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and may lessen the symptoms of abiotic stresses such as chilling. We tested the hypothesis that a high percentage of blue light induces the accumulation of antioxidants and that this effect depends on the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, 400-700 nm). The effect may be more pronounced at a lower PPFD. We investigated the changes in primary and secondary metabolites of basil in response to the percentage of blue light (9, 33, 65, and 100%) applied either as a 5-day End-Of-Production (EOP) treatment or continuous throughout the growth cycle in the green cv. Dolly. We also studied if the response to the percentage of blue light (9 or 90%) was dependent on the total PPFD (100 or 300 μmol m-2 s-1 PPFD) when applied as a 5-day EOP treatment in the green cv. Dolly and the purple cv. Rosie. For both green and purple basil, it was found that the percentage of blue light had little effect on the levels of antioxidants (rosmarinic acid, total ascorbic acid, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanins) at harvest and no interactive effect with PPFD was found. Antioxidants generally decreased during postharvest storage, wherein the decrease was more pronounced at 4 than at 12°C. Chilling injury, as judged from a decrease in F v /F m values and from the occurrence of black necrotic areas, was not affected by the percentage of blue light. Particularly, chilling tolerance in the purple cultivar was increased in plants grown under higher PPFD. This may be related to the increased levels of soluble sugar and starch in leaves from high PPFD treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe H. Larsen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hua Li
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Samikshya Shrestha
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Julian C. Verdonk
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Woltering
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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15
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Wang QW, Liu C, Robson TM, Hikosaka K, Kurokawa H. Leaf density and chemical composition explain variation in leaf mass area with spectral composition among 11 widespread forbs in a common garden. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:698-708. [PMID: 34309027 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf mass per area (LMA) is a key leaf functional trait correlated with plant strategies dictating morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. Although sunlight is generally accepted as a dominant factor driving LMA, the contribution of each spectral region of sunlight in shaping LMA is poorly understood. In the present study, we grew 11 widespread forb species in a common garden and dissected the traits underpinning differences in LMA, such as its morphological components (leaf density [LD] and leaf thickness [LT]), macroelement, and metabolite composition under five spectral-attenuation treatments: (1) transmitting c. 95% of the whole solar spectrum (> 280 nm), (2) attenuating ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), (3) attenuating both UV-A and UV-B radiation, (4) attenuating UV radiation and blue light, (5) attenuating UV radiation, blue, and green light. We found that LMA, LD, and chemical traits varied significantly across species depending on spectral treatments. LMA was significantly increased by UV-B radiation and green light, while LD was increased by UV-A but decreased by blue light. LMA positively correlated with LD across treatments but was only weakly related to LT, suggesting that LD was a better determinate of LMA for this specific treatment. Regarding leaf elemental and metabolite composition, carbon, nitrogen, and total phenolics were all positively correlated with LMA, whereas lignin, non-structural carbohydrates, and soluble sugars had negative relationships with LMA. These trends imply a tradeoff between biomass allocation to structural and metabolically functional components. In conclusion, sunlight can spectrally drive LMA mainly through modifying functional and structural support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Department of Forest Vegetation, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chenggang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China
| | - Thomas Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kurokawa
- Department of Forest Vegetation, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
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16
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Reimer JJ, Thiele B, Biermann RT, Junker-Frohn LV, Wiese-Klinkenberg A, Usadel B, Wormit A. Tomato leaves under stress: a comparison of stress response to mild abiotic stress between a cultivated and a wild tomato species. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:177-206. [PMID: 34677706 PMCID: PMC8553704 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most produced crop plants on earth and growing in the fields and greenhouses all over the world. Breeding with known traits of wild species can enhance stress tolerance of cultivated crops. In this study, we investigated responses of the transcriptome as well as primary and secondary metabolites in leaves of a cultivated and a wild tomato to several abiotic stresses such as nitrogen deficiency, chilling or warmer temperatures, elevated light intensities and combinations thereof. The wild species responded different to varied temperature conditions compared to the cultivated tomato. Nitrogen deficiency caused the strongest responses and induced in particular the secondary metabolism in both species but to much higher extent in the cultivated tomato. Our study supports the potential of a targeted induction of valuable secondary metabolites in green residues of horticultural production, that will otherwise only be composted after fruit harvest. In particular, the cultivated tomato showed a strong induction in the group of mono caffeoylquinic acids in response to nitrogen deficiency. In addition, the observed differences in stress responses between cultivated and wild tomato can lead to new breeding targets for better stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Reimer
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, PtJ, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Thiele
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robin T Biermann
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Laura V Junker-Frohn
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Bioinformatics (IBG-4), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Bioinformatics (IBG-4), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Chair of Biological Data Science, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wormit
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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17
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Sng BJR, Mun B, Mohanty B, Kim M, Phua ZW, Yang H, Lee DY, Jang IC. Combination of red and blue light induces anthocyanin and other secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways in an age-dependent manner in Batavia lettuce. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110977. [PMID: 34315593 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce is commonly consumed around the world, spurring the cultivation of green- and red-leaf varieties in indoor farms. One common consideration for indoor cultivation is the light wavelengths/spectrum, which is an important factor for regulating growth, development, and the accumulation of metabolites. Here, we show that Batavia lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. "Batavia") grown under a combination of red (R) and blue (B) light (RB, R:B = 3:1) displayed better growth and accumulated more anthocyanin than lettuce grown under fluorescent light (FL). Anthocyanin concentration was also higher in mature stage than early stage lettuce. By performing a comparative transcriptome analysis of early and mature stage lettuce grown under RB or FL (RB or FL-lettuce), we found that RB induced the expression of genes related to oxidation-reduction reaction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Furthermore, plant age affected the transcriptome response to RB, as mature RB-lettuce had six times more differentially expressed genes than early RB-lettuce. Also, genes related to the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and anthocyanins were more induced in mature RB-lettuce. A detailed analysis of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway revealed key genes that were up-regulated in mature RB-lettuce. Concurrently, branching pathways for flavonol and lignin precursors were down-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Jian Rong Sng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Bonggyu Mun
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Bijayalaxmi Mohanty
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Mijung Kim
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Zhi Wei Phua
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Hyunsoo Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Herrera-Vásquez A, Fonseca A, Ugalde JM, Lamig L, Seguel A, Moyano TC, Gutiérrez RA, Salinas P, Vidal EA, Holuigue L. TGA class II transcription factors are essential to restrict oxidative stress in response to UV-B stress in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1891-1905. [PMID: 33188435 PMCID: PMC7921300 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a robust metabolic network for sensing and controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels upon stress conditions. Evidence shown here supports a role for TGA class II transcription factors as critical regulators of genes controlling ROS levels in the tolerance response to UV-B stress in Arabidopsis. First, tga256 mutant plants showed reduced capacity to scavenge H2O2 and restrict oxidative damage in response to UV-B, and also to methylviologen-induced photooxidative stress. The TGA2 transgene (tga256/TGA2 plants) complemented these phenotypes. Second, RNAseq followed by clustering and Gene Ontology term analyses indicate that TGA2/5/6 positively control the UV-B-induced expression of a group of genes with oxidoreductase, glutathione transferase, and glucosyltransferase activities, such as members of the glutathione S-transferase Tau subfamily (GSTU), which encodes peroxide-scavenging enzymes. Accordingly, increased glutathione peroxidase activity triggered by UV-B was impaired in tga256 mutants. Third, the function of TGA2/5/6 as transcriptional activators of GSTU genes in the UV-B response was confirmed for GSTU7, GSTU8, and GSTU25, using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and ChIP analyses. Fourth, expression of the GSTU7 transgene complemented the UV-B-susceptible phenotype of tga256 mutant plants. Together, this evidence indicates that TGA2/5/6 factors are key regulators of the antioxidant/detoxifying response to an abiotic stress such as UV-B light overexposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Herrera-Vásquez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Fonseca
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Manuel Ugalde
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liliana Lamig
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Seguel
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás C Moyano
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Salinas
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena A Vidal
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Holuigue
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Vanhaelewyn L, Van Der Straeten D, De Coninck B, Vandenbussche F. Ultraviolet Radiation From a Plant Perspective: The Plant-Microorganism Context. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:597642. [PMID: 33384704 PMCID: PMC7769811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.597642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation directly affects plants and microorganisms, but also alters the species-specific interactions between them. The distinct bands of UV radiation, UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C have different effects on plants and their associated microorganisms. While UV-A and UV-B mainly affect morphogenesis and phototropism, UV-B and UV-C strongly trigger secondary metabolite production. Short wave (<350 nm) UV radiation negatively affects plant pathogens in direct and indirect ways. Direct effects can be ascribed to DNA damage, protein polymerization, enzyme inactivation and increased cell membrane permeability. UV-C is the most energetic radiation and is thus more effective at lower doses to kill microorganisms, but by consequence also often causes plant damage. Indirect effects can be ascribed to UV-B specific pathways such as the UVR8-dependent upregulated defense responses in plants, UV-B and UV-C upregulated ROS accumulation, and secondary metabolite production such as phenolic compounds. In this review, we summarize the physiological and molecular effects of UV radiation on plants, microorganisms and their interactions. Considerations for the use of UV radiation to control microorganisms, pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic, are listed. Effects can be indirect by increasing specialized metabolites with plant pre-treatment, or by directly affecting microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Vanhaelewyn
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Barbara De Coninck
- Plant Health and Protection Laboratory, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Vandenbussche
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Wimmer MA, Abreu I, Bell RW, Bienert MD, Brown PH, Dell B, Fujiwara T, Goldbach HE, Lehto T, Mock HP, von Wirén N, Bassil E, Bienert GP. Boron: an essential element for vascular plants: A comment on Lewis (2019) 'Boron: the essential element for vascular plants that never was'. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1232-1237. [PMID: 31674046 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Wimmer
- Department Quality of Plant Products, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Isidro Abreu
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard W Bell
- Agriculture Discipline, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Manuela D Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Patrick H Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bernard Dell
- Agriculture Discipline, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Heiner E Goldbach
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tarja Lehto
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80110, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Elias Bassil
- Horticultural Sciences Department and Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Gerd P Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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21
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Kyriacou MC, El-Nakhel C, Pannico A, Graziani G, Soteriou GA, Giordano M, Zarrelli A, Ritieni A, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Genotype-Specific Modulatory Effects of Select Spectral Bandwidths on the Nutritive and Phytochemical Composition of Microgreens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1501. [PMID: 31850015 PMCID: PMC6896982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced analytical data on microgreens' response to different light spectra constitutes a valuable resource for designing future crop-specific spectral management systems. The current study defined variation in productivity, nutritive and functional quality (mineral-carotenoid-polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity) of novel microgreens (amaranth, cress, mizuna, purslane) in response to select spectral bandwidths (red, blue, blue-red), and appraised clustering patterns configured by the genotype-light-spectrum nexus. Growth parameters dependent on primary metabolism were most favored by blue-red light's efficiency in activating the photosynthetic apparatus. Nitrate accumulation was higher under monochromatic light owing to the dependency of nitrite reductase on the light-driven activity of PSI, most efficiently promoted by blue-red light. Although mineral composition was mostly genotype-dependent, monochromatic red and blue lights tended to increase K and Na and decrease Ca and Mg concentrations. Lutein, β-carotene, and lipophilic antioxidant capacity were generally increased by blue-red light putatively due to the coupling of heightened photosynthetic activity to increased demand for protection against oxidative stress; the disparate response however of purslane highlights the importance of genotype specificity in these responses and calls for additional investigation. Analysis of polyphenols by Orbitrap LC-MS/MS revealed substantial genotypic differences. Most abundant phenolics were chlorogenic acid (x ¯ = 5503 µg g-1 dw), feruloylquinic acid (x ¯ = 974.1 µg g-1 dw), and caffeoyl feruloyl tartaric acid (x ¯ = 993 µg g-1 dw). Hydroxycinnamic acids accounted for 79.0% of the mean total phenolic content across species, flavonol glycosides for 20.7%, and flavone glycosides for 0.3%. The general response across species was a decrease in individual polyphenolic constituents, particularly flavonol glycosides, and total polyphenols under blue-red light. The pronounced effectiveness of monochromatic blue light in eliciting synthesis of flavonoids could be linked to their capacity for absorbing shorter wavelengths thereby quenching generated photo-oxidation potential. The light-induced stimulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway by monochromatic blue light through epigenetic mechanisms or redox signaling in the photosynthetic apparatus warrants further investigation. The current work highlights how optimized genetic background combined with effective light management might facilitate the production of superior functional quality microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Giordano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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22
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Brelsford CC, Morales LO, Nezval J, Kotilainen TK, Hartikainen SM, Aphalo PJ, Robson TM. Do UV-A radiation and blue light during growth prime leaves to cope with acute high light in photoreceptor mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:537-554. [PMID: 29704249 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We studied how plants acclimated to growing conditions that included combinations of blue light (BL) and ultraviolet (UV)-A radiation, and whether their growing environment affected their photosynthetic capacity during and after a brief period of acute high light (as might happen during an under-canopy sunfleck). Arabidopsis thaliana Landsberg erecta wild-type were compared with mutants lacking functional blue light and UV photoreceptors: phototropin 1, cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) and UV RESISTANT LOCUS 8 (uvr8). This was achieved using light-emitting-diode (LED) lamps in a controlled environment to create treatments with or without BL, in a split-plot design with or without UV-A radiation. We compared the accumulation of phenolic compounds under growth conditions and after exposure to 30 min of high light at the end of the experiment (46 days), and likewise measured the operational efficiency of photosystem II (ϕPSII, a proxy for photosynthetic performance) and dark-adapted maximum quantum yield (Fv /Fm to assess PSII damage). Our results indicate that cryptochromes are the main photoreceptors regulating phenolic compound accumulation in response to BL and UV-A radiation, and a lack of functional cryptochromes impairs photosynthetic performance under high light. Our findings also reveal a role for UVR8 in accumulating flavonoids in response to a low UV-A dose. Interestingly, phototropin 1 partially mediated constitutive accumulation of phenolic compounds in the absence of BL. Low-irradiance BL and UV-A did not improve ϕPSII and Fv /Fm upon our acute high-light treatment; however, CRYs played an important role in ameliorating high-light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C Brelsford
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis O Morales
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jakub Nezval
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Titta K Kotilainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara M Hartikainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedro J Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Deng B, Li Y, Xu D, Ye Q, Liu G. Nitrogen availability alters flavonoid accumulation in Cyclocarya paliurus via the effects on the internal carbon/nitrogen balance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2370. [PMID: 30787347 PMCID: PMC6382939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus has traditionally been used in medicines and nutraceutical foods. The aims of this study were to determine whether flavonoid accumulation in C. paliurus is dependent on nitrogen (N) availability and to investigate the internal C (carbon)/N balance under controlled conditions. One-year-old seedlings were grown under five increasing available N level treatments (N1-5) and were harvested throughout the 15-d experimental period. The greatest total chlorophyll amount and photosynthetic rate were achieved during the intermediate N treatments (N3 and N4). The greatest starch level was detected in N3. The total C level was relatively stable, but the total N and free amino acid levels increased, which resulted in a decreased C:N ratio. The flavonoid contents in roots and stalks decreased, while leaves showed a different pattern (peaking in N3). The flavonoid level was closely correlated with flavanone-3-hydroxylase activity, which displayed a similar variation pattern, and their levels were significantly positively correlated with those of total C and starch. Thus, the partitioning of C among primary and secondary metabolisms could be responsible for flavonoid biosynthesis and provide the basis for maintaining high yields, which increases the nutritional values of crops and medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Deng
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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24
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Innes SN, Arve LE, Zimmermann B, Nybakken L, Melby TI, Solhaug KA, Olsen JE, Torre S. Elevated air humidity increases UV mediated leaf and DNA damage in pea (Pisum sativum) due to reduced flavonoid content and antioxidant power. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:387-399. [PMID: 30480699 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00401c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth in high relative air humidity (RH, >85%) affects plant morphology and causes diminished response to stomatal closing signals. Many greenhouses are prone to high RH conditions, which may negatively affect production and post-harvest quality. UV radiation induces stomatal closure in several species, and facilitates disease control. We hypothesised that UV exposure may trigger stomatal closure in pea plants (Pisum sativum) grown in high RH, thereby restoring stomatal function. The effects of UV exposure were tested on plants grown in moderate (60%) or high (90%) RH. UV exposure occurred at night, according to a disease control protocol. Lower stomatal conductance rates were found in UV-exposed plants, though UV exposure did not improve the rate of response to closing stimuli or desiccation tolerance. UV-exposed plants showed leaf curling, chlorosis, necrosis, and DNA damage measured by the presence of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), all of which were significantly greater in high RH plants. These plants also had lower total flavonoid content than moderate RH plants, and UV-exposed plants had less than controls. Plants exposed to UV had a higher content of cuticular layer uronic compounds than control plants. However, high RH plants had a higher relative amount of cuticular waxes, but decreased proteins and uronic compounds. Plants grown in high RH had reduced foliar antioxidant power compared to moderate RH. These results indicate that high RH plants were more susceptible to UV-induced damage than moderate RH plants due to reduced flavonoid content and oxidative stress defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheona N Innes
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
- CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
| | - Louise E Arve
- The Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Brumundal, 2831, Norway
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
| | - Line Nybakken
- CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
| | - Tone I Melby
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
| | - Jorunn E Olsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
- CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
| | - Sissel Torre
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway.
- CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway.
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25
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Deng B, Li Y, Lei G, Liu G. Effects of nitrogen availability on mineral nutrient balance and flavonoid accumulation in Cyclocarya paliurus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:111-118. [PMID: 30529170 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus has traditionally been used as medicine or nutraceutical foods. This study aims at investigating flavonoid accumulation in C. paliurus dependent on nitrogen availability and the following internal mineral nutrient balance under controlled condition. The 1-year-old seedlings of C. paliurus were grown in five different nitrogen levels. Along with the N gradient, C/N was significantly decreased, and the concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were changed within plant. In the leaves, the main accumulation organ in C. paliurus, the highest flavonoid accumulation was achieved in intermediate N level (N3), which was closely related to flavanone-3-hydroxylase (FHT) activity as they had the similar variation patterns. Correlation analysis suggested that internal mineral nutrient balance can significantly affect flavonoid accumulation, especially for Mg within plant. These data revealed that nitrogen availability and the following altered internal mineral balance can significantly affect flavonoid accumulation. This study can provide the basis for developing new agricultural practices to maintain high yield while still keeping the nutritional value of crop or medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Deng
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Gang Lei
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China; Test Center of Anhui Taiping, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Taiping, 245700, PR China
| | - Guihua Liu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
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26
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Tuan PA, Kim YS, Kim Y, Thwe AA, Li X, Park CH, Lee SY, Park SU. Molecular characterization of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and accumulation of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin in plant and hairy root of Scutellaria lateriflora. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1639-1647. [PMID: 30591781 PMCID: PMC6303135 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria lateriflora is well known for its medical applications because of the presence of flavanoids and alkaloids. The present study aimed to explore the molecular aspects and regulations of flavanoids. Five partial cDNAs encoding genes that are involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway: phenylalanine ammonia lyase (SlPAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (SlC4H), 4-coumaroyl CoA ligase (Sl4CL), chalcone synthase (SlCHS), and chalcone isomerase (SlCHI) were isolated from S. lateriflora. Organ expression analysis showed that these genes were expressed in all organs analyzed with the highest levels correlating with the richest accumulation of wogonin in the roots. Baicalin and baicalein differentially accumulated in S. lateriflora plants, with the highest concentration of baicalin and baicalein detected in the leaves and stems, respectively. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) significantly enhanced the expression of SlCHS and SlCHI, and accumulation of baicalin (22.54 mg/g), baicalein (1.24 mg/g), and wogonin (5.39 mg/g) in S. lateriflora hairy roots. In addition, maximum production of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin in hairy roots treated with MeJA was approximately 7.44-, 2.38-, and 2.12-fold, respectively. Light condition increased the expression level of SlCHS, the first committed step in flavonoid biosynthesis in hairy roots of S. lateriflora after 3 and 4 weeks of development compared to the dark condition. Dark-grown hairy roots contained a higher content of baicalin and baicalein than light-grown hairy roots, while light-grown hairy roots accumulated more wogonin than dark-grown hairy roots. These results may helpful for the metabolic engineering of flavonoids biosynthesis in S. lateriflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Young Seon Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Yeji Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Aye Aye Thwe
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science & Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
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27
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Jiao J, Gai QY, Yao LP, Niu LL, Zang YP, Fu YJ. Ultraviolet radiation for flavonoid augmentation in Isatis tinctoria L. hairy root cultures mediated by oxidative stress and biosynthetic gene expression. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2018; 118:347-354. [PMID: 32288266 PMCID: PMC7127274 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Search of cost-effective strategies that can enhance the accumulation of phytochemicals of pharmaceutical interest in plant in vitro cultures is an essential task. For the first time, Isatis tinctoria L. hairy root cultures were exposed to ultraviolet radiation (ultraviolet-A, ultraviolet-B, and ultraviolet-C) in an attempt to promote the production of pharmacologically active flavonoids. Results showed that the maximum flavonoid accumulation (7259.12 ± 198.19 μg/g DW) in I. tinctoria hairy root cultures treated by 108 kJ/m2 dose of UV-B radiation increased 16.51-fold as compared with that in control (439.68 ± 8.27 μg/g DW). Additionally, antioxidant activity enhancement and cell wall reinforcement were found in the treated I. tinctoria hairy root cultures, indicating the positive-feedback responses to oxidative stress mediated by ultraviolet-B radiation. Moreover, the expression of chalcone synthase gene was tremendously up-regulated (up to 405.84-fold) in I. tinctoria hairy root cultures following ultraviolet-B radiation, which suggested chalcone synthase gene might play a crucial role in flavonoid augmentation. Overall, the present work provides a feasible approach for the enhanced production of biologically active flavonoids in I. tinctoria hairy root cultures via the simple supplementation of ultraviolet-B radiation, which is useful for the biotechnological production of these high-added value compounds to fulfil the ever-increasing demand in pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Qing-Yan Gai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Li-Li Niu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Zang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Kitazaki K, Fukushima A, Nakabayashi R, Okazaki Y, Kobayashi M, Mori T, Nishizawa T, Reyes-Chin-Wo S, Michelmore RW, Saito K, Shoji K, Kusano M. Metabolic Reprogramming in Leaf Lettuce Grown Under Different Light Quality and Intensity Conditions Using Narrow-Band LEDs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7914. [PMID: 29784957 PMCID: PMC5962576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an artificial light source used in closed-type plant factories and provide a promising solution for a year-round supply of green leafy vegetables, such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Obtaining high-quality seedlings using controlled irradiation from LEDs is critical, as the seedling health affects the growth and yield of leaf lettuce after transplantation. Because key molecular pathways underlying plant responses to a specific light quality and intensity remain poorly characterised, we used a multi-omics-based approach to evaluate the metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming of leaf lettuce seedlings grown under narrow-band LED lighting. Four types of monochromatic LEDs (one blue, two green and one red) and white fluorescent light (control) were used at low and high intensities (100 and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively). Multi-platform mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and RNA-Seq were used to determine changes in the metabolome and transcriptome of lettuce plants in response to different light qualities and intensities. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed distinct regulatory mechanisms involved in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways under blue and green wavelengths. Taken together, these data suggest that the energy transmitted by green light is effective in creating a balance between biomass production and the production of secondary metabolites involved in plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kitazaki
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shoji
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan.
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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Teixeira RT, Fortes AM, Bai H, Pinheiro C, Pereira H. Transcriptional profiling of cork oak phellogenic cells isolated by laser microdissection. PLANTA 2018; 247:317-338. [PMID: 28988391 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid pathway impacts the cork quality development. In cork of bad quality, the flavonoid route is favored, whereas in good quality, cork lignin and suberin production prevails. Cork oaks develop a thick cork tissue as a protective shield that results of the continuous activity of a secondary meristem, the cork cambium, or phellogen. Most studies applied to developmental processes do not consider the cell types from which the samples were extracted. Here, laser microdissection (LM) coupled with transcript profiling using RNA sequencing (454 pyrosequencing) was applied to phellogen cells of trees producing low- and good quality cork. Functional annotation and functional enrichment analyses showed that stress-related genes are enriched in samples extracted from trees producing good quality cork (GQC). This process is under tight transcriptional (transcription factors, kinases) regulation and also hormonal control involving ABA, ethylene, and auxins. The phellogen cells collected from trees producing bad quality cork (BQC) show a consistent up-regulation of genes belonging to the flavonoid pathway as a response to stress. They also display a different modulation of cell wall genes resulting into a thinner cork layer, i.e., less meristematic activity. Based on the analysis of the phenylpropanoid pathway regulating genes, in GQC, the synthesis of lignin and suberin is promoted, whereas in BQC, the same pathway favors the biosynthesis of free phenolic compounds. This study provided new insights of how cell-specific gene expression can determine tissue and organ morphology and physiology and identified robust candidate genes that can be used in breeding programs aiming at improving cork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Teresa Teixeira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- BIOISI, Science Faculty, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Carla Pinheiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Pereira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
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Kim SH, Kim H, Chung S, Lee JH. DHU1 negatively regulates UV-B signaling via its direct interaction with COP1 and RUP1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:285-290. [PMID: 28735869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although DWD HYPERSENSITIVE TO UV-B 1 (DHU1) is reported to be a negative regulator in UV-B mediated cellular responses, its detailed role in UV-B signaling is still elusive. To further understand the action mechanism of DHU1 in UV-B response, physical and genetic interactions of DHU1 with various UV-B signaling components were investigated. Yeast two hybrid assay results suggested that DHU1 directly interacts with COP1 and RUP1, implying a functional connection with both COP1 and RUP1. In spite of the physical association between DHU1 and COP1, loss of DHU1 did not affect protein stability of COP1. Epistatic analysis showed that the functional loss of both DHU1 and UVR8 leads to alleviation of UV-B hypersensitivity displayed in dhu1-1. Moreover, phenotypic studies with dhu1-1 cop1-6 and dhu1-1 hy5-215 revealed that COP1 and HY5 are epistatic to DHU1, indicating that UV-B hypersensitivity of dhu1-1 requires both COP1 and HY5. In the case of dhu1-1 rup1-1, UV-B responsiveness was similar to that of both dhu1-1 and rup1-1, implying that DHU1 and RUP1 are required for each other's function. Collectively, these results show that the role of DHU1 as a negative regulator in UV-B response may be derived from its direct interaction with COP1 by sequestering COP1 from the active UVR8-COP1 complex, resulting in a decrease in the COP1 population that positively participates in UV-B signaling together with UVR8. Furthermore, this inhibitory role of DHU1 in UV-B signaling is likely to be functionally connected to RUP1. This study will serve as a platform to further understand more detailed action mechanism of DHU1 in UV-B response and DHU1-mediated core UV-B signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hani Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sunglan Chung
- Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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Sivakumar D, Jifon J, Soundy P. Spectral quality of photo-selective shade nettings improves antioxidants and overall quality in selected fresh produce after postharvest storage. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1298124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johan Jifon
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University System, Weslaco, Texas, USA
| | - Puffy Soundy
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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Ma X, Ou YB, Gao YF, Lutts S, Li TT, Wang Y, Chen YF, Sun YF, Yao YA. Moderate salt treatment alleviates ultraviolet-B radiation caused impairment in poplar plants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32890. [PMID: 27597726 PMCID: PMC5011775 DOI: 10.1038/srep32890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of moderate salinity on the responses of woody plants to UV-B radiation were investigated using two Populus species (Populus alba and Populus russkii). Under UV-B radiation, moderate salinity reduced the oxidation pressure in both species, as indicated by lower levels of cellular H2O2 and membrane peroxidation, and weakened the inhibition of photochemical efficiency expressed by O-J-I-P changes. UV-B-induced DNA lesions in chloroplast and nucleus were alleviated by salinity, which could be explained by the higher expression levels of DNA repair system genes under UV-B&salt condition, such as the PHR, DDB2, and MutSα genes. The salt-induced increase in organic osmolytes proline and glycine betaine, afforded more efficient protection against UV-B radiation. Therefore moderate salinity induced cross-tolerance to UV-B stress in poplar plants. It is thus suggested that woody plants growing in moderate salted condition would be less affected by enhanced UV-B radiation than plants growing in the absence of salt. Our results also showed that UV-B signal genes in poplar plants PaCOP1, PaSTO and PaSTH2 were quickly responding to UV-B radiation, but not to salt. The transcripts of PaHY5 and its downstream pathway genes (PaCHS1, PaCHS4, PaFLS1 and PaFLS2) were differently up-regulated by these treatments, but the flavonoid compounds were not involved in the cross-tolerance since their concentration increased to the same extent in both UV-B and combined stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yong-Bin Ou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yong-Feng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute–Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Tao-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yong-Fu Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yu-Fang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yin-An Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi 830011, China
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Changing scenario in plant UV-B research:UV-B from a generic stressor to a specific regulator. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:334-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bidel LPR, Chomicki G, Bonini F, Mondolot L, Soulé J, Coumans M, La Fisca P, Baissac Y, Petit V, Loiseau A, Cerovic ZG, Gould KS, Jay-Allemand C. Dynamics of flavonol accumulation in leaf tissues under different UV-B regimes in Centella asiatica (Apiaceae). PLANTA 2015; 242:545-59. [PMID: 25896373 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A cumulative effect of UV-B doses on epidermal flavonol accumulation was observed during the first week of a time course study in Centella asiatica (Apiaceae). However, once flavonol levels had peaked, additional accumulation was possible only if higher daily UV-B irradiances were applied. We aimed to understand the dynamics of flavonol accumulation in leaf tissues using non-destructive spectroscopy and HPLC-mass spectrometry. When leaves that had grown without UV-B were given brief daily exposures to low-irradiance UV-B, they accumulated flavonols, predominantly kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, in their exposed epidermis, reaching a plateau after 7 days. More prolonged UV-B exposures or higher doses eventually augmented flavonol concentrations even in non-exposed tissues. If UV-B irradiance was subsequently reduced, leaves appeared to lose their ability to accumulate further flavonols in their epidermis even if the duration of daily exposure was increased. A higher irradiance level was then necessary to further increase flavonol accumulation. When subsequently acclimated to higher UV-B irradiances, mature leaves accumulated less flavonols than did developing ones. Our study suggests that levels of epidermal flavonols in leaves are governed primarily by UV-B irradiance rather than by duration of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc P R Bidel
- INRA, UMR AGAP, Centre de Recherche de Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala-Bât. 21, 34060, Montpellier, France,
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OuYang F, Mao JF, Wang J, Zhang S, Li Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals that Red and Blue Light Regulate Growth and Phytohormone Metabolism in Norway Spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst]. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127896. [PMID: 26237749 PMCID: PMC4523189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which different light spectra regulate plant shoot elongation vary, and phytohormones respond differently to such spectrum-associated regulatory effects. Light supplementation can effectively control seedling growth in Norway spruce. However, knowledge of the effective spectrum for promoting growth and phytohormone metabolism in this species is lacking. In this study, 3-year-old Norway spruce clones were illuminated for 12 h after sunset under blue or red light-emitting diode (LED) light for 90 d, and stem increments and other growth traits were determined. Endogenous hormone levels and transcriptome differences in the current needles were assessed to identify genes related to the red and blue light regulatory responses. The results showed that the stem increment and gibberellin (GA) levels of the seedlings illuminated by red light were 8.6% and 29.0% higher, respectively, than those of the seedlings illuminated by blue light. The indoleacetic acid (IAA) level of the seedlings illuminated by red light was 54.6% lower than that of the seedlings illuminated by blue light, and there were no significant differences in abscisic acid (ABA) or zeatin riboside [ZR] between the two groups of seedlings. The transcriptome results revealed 58,736,166 and 60,555,192 clean reads for the blue-light- and red-light-illuminated samples, respectively. Illumina sequencing revealed 21,923 unigenes, and 2744 (approximately 93.8%) out of 2926 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be upregulated under blue light. The main KEGG classifications of the DEGs were metabolic pathway (29%), biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (20.49%) and hormone signal transduction (8.39%). With regard to hormone signal transduction, AUXIN-RESISTANT1 (AUX1), AUX/IAA genes, auxin-inducible genes, and early auxin-responsive genes [(auxin response factor (ARF) and small auxin-up RNA (SAUR)] were all upregulated under blue light compared with red light, which might have yielded the higher IAA level. DELLA and phytochrome-interacting factor 3 (PIF3), involved in negative GA signaling, were also upregulated under blue light, which may be related to the lower GA level. Light quality also affects endogenous hormones by influencing secondary metabolism. Blue light promoted phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, accompanied by upregulation of most of the genes in their pathways. In conclusion, red light may promote stem growth by regulating biosynthesis of GAs, and blue light may promote flavonoid, lignin, phenylpropanoid and some hormones (such as jasmonic acid) which were related to plant defense in Norway spruce, which might reduce the primary metabolites available for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqun OuYang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China
- National Engineering laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plant of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jian-Feng Mao
- National Engineering laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plant of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Shougong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- National Engineering laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plant of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Vidović M, Morina F, Milić S, Albert A, Zechmann B, Tosti T, Winkler JB, Jovanović SV. Carbon allocation from source to sink leaf tissue in relation to flavonoid biosynthesis in variegated Pelargonium zonale under UV-B radiation and high PAR intensity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 93:44-55. [PMID: 25661975 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the specific effects of high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm) and ecologically relevant UV-B radiation (0.90 W m(-2)) on antioxidative and phenolic metabolism by exploiting the green-white leaf variegation of Pelargonium zonale plants. This is a suitable model system for examining "source-sink" interactions within the same leaf. High PAR intensity (1350 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) and UV-B radiation induced different responses in green and white leaf sectors. High PAR intensity had a greater influence on green tissue, triggering the accumulation of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids with strong antioxidative function. Induced phenolics, together with ascorbate, ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) provided efficient defense against potential oxidative pressure. UV-B-induced up-regulation of non-phenolic H2O2 scavengers in green leaf sectors was greater than high PAR-induced changes, indicating a UV-B role in antioxidative defense under light excess; on the contrary, minimal effects were observed in white tissue. However, UV-B radiation had greater influence on phenolics in white leaf sections compared to green ones, inducing accumulation of phenolic glycosides whose function was UV-B screening rather than antioxidative. By stimulation of starch and sucrose breakdown and carbon allocation in the form of soluble sugars from "source" (green) tissue to "sink" (white) tissue, UV-B radiation compensated the absence of photosynthetic activity and phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in white sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Vidović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Filis Morina
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sonja Milić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Baylor University, Center for Microscopy and Imaging, One Bear Place #97046, Waco, TX 76798-7046, USA.
| | - Tomislav Tosti
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, PO Box 51, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Sonja Veljović Jovanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Siipola SM, Kotilainen T, Sipari N, Morales LO, Lindfors AV, Robson TM, Aphalo PJ. Epidermal UV-A absorbance and whole-leaf flavonoid composition in pea respond more to solar blue light than to solar UV radiation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:941-52. [PMID: 25040832 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize phenolic compounds in response to certain environmental signals or stresses. One large group of phenolics, flavonoids, is considered particularly responsive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, here we demonstrate that solar blue light stimulates flavonoid biosynthesis in the absence of UV-A and UV-B radiation. We grew pea plants (Pisum sativum cv. Meteor) outdoors, in Finland during the summer, under five types of filters differing in their spectral transmittance. These filters were used to (1) attenuate UV-B; (2) attenuate UV-B and UV-A < 370 nm; (3) attenuate UV-B and UV-A; (4) attenuate UV-B, UV-A and blue light; and (5) as a control not attenuating these wavebands. Attenuation of blue light significantly reduced the flavonoid content in leaf adaxial epidermis and reduced the whole-leaf concentrations of quercetin derivatives relative to kaempferol derivatives. In contrast, UV-B responses were not significant. These results show that pea plants regulate epidermal UV-A absorbance and accumulation of individual flavonoids by perceiving complex radiation signals that extend into the visible region of the solar spectrum. Furthermore, solar blue light instead of solar UV-B radiation can be the main regulator of phenolic compound accumulation in plants that germinate and develop outdoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari M Siipola
- Plant Biology Division, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Müller V, Lankes C, Albert A, Winkler JB, Zimmermann BF, Noga G, Hunsche M. Concentration of hinokinin, phenolic acids and flavonols in leaves and stems of Hydrocotyle leucocephala is differently influenced by PAR and ecologically relevant UV-B level. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 173:105-115. [PMID: 25462084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of ambient, non-stressing ultraviolet (UV)-B (280-315nm) level combined with different intensities of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, 400-700nm) on the accumulation of the lignan (-)-hinokinin, in leaves and stems of Hydrocotyle leucocephala. Plants were exposed in sun simulators under almost natural irradiance and climatic conditions to one of four light regimes, i.e. two PAR intensities (906 and 516μmolm(-2)s(-1)) including or excluding UV-B radiation (0 and 0.4Wm(-2)). Besides hinokinin, we identified three chlorogenic acid isomers, one other phenolic acid, 12 quercetin, and five kaempferol derivatives in the H. leucocephala extracts. Hinokinin was most abundant in the stems, and its accumulation was slightly enhanced under UV-B exposure. We therefore assume that hinokinin contributes to cell wall stabilization and consequently to a higher resistance of the plant to environmental factors. Quercetin derivatives increasingly accumulated under UV-B and high PAR exposure at the expense of kaempferols and chlorogenic acids, which was apparently related to its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. In general, the concentration of the constituents depended on the plant organ, the leaf age, the light regimes, and the duration of exposure. The distribution pattern of the compounds within the examined organs was not influenced by the treatments. Based on the chemical composition of the extracts a principal component analysis (PCA) enabled a clear separation of the plant organs and harvesting dates. Younger leaves mostly contained higher phenylpropanoid concentrations than older leaves. Nevertheless, more pronounced effects of the light regimes were detected in older leaves. As assessed, in many cases the individual compounds responded differently to the PAR/UV-B combinations, even within the same phenylpropanoid class. Since this is the first report on the influence of light conditions on the accumulation of lignans in herbaceous plants, it opens many perspectives for a more precise elucidation of all involved biochemical and molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Müller
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa Lankes
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benno F Zimmermann
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Römerstraße 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany; Institut Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Eupener Str. 161, D-50933 Köln, Germany
| | - Georg Noga
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mauricio Hunsche
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Kim SH, Kim H, Seo KI, Kim SH, Chung S, Huang X, Yang P, Deng XW, Lee JH. DWD HYPERSENSITIVE TO UV-B 1 is negatively involved in UV-B mediated cellular responses in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 86:571-83. [PMID: 25193399 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Among T-DNA insertion mutants of various cullin4-RING ubiquitin E3 ligase (CRL4) substrate receptors, one mutant that exhibits enhanced sensitivity in response to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) illumination has been isolated and its corresponding gene has been named DWD HYPERSENSITIVE TO UV-B 1 (DHU1) in Arabidopsis. dhu1 lines showed much shorter hypocotyls than those in wild type under low doses of UV-B. Other light did not alter hypocotyl growth patterns in dhu1, indicating the hypersensitivity of dhu1 is restricted to UV-B. DHU1 was upregulated by more than two times in response to UV-B application of 1.5 μmol m(-2) s(-1), implying its possible involvement in UV-B signaling. DHU1 is able to bind to DDB1, an adaptor of CRL4; accordingly, DHU1 is thought to act as a substrate receptor of CRL4. Microarray data generated from wild-type and dhu1 under low doses of UV-B revealed that 209 or 124 genes were upregulated or downregulated by more than two times in dhu1 relative to wild type, respectively. About 23.4 % of the total upregulated genes in dhu1 were upregulated by more than five times in response to UV-B based on the AtGenExpress Visualization Tool data, while only about 1.4 % were downregulated to the same degree by UV-B, indicating that loss of DHU1 led to the overall enhancement of the upregulation of UV-B inducible genes. dhu1 also showed altered responsiveness under high doses of UV-B. Taken together, these findings indicate that DHU1 is a potent CRL4 substrate receptor that may function as a negative regulator of UV-B response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Sun M, Wang J, Kawabata S, Li Y. BrMYB4, a suppressor of genes for phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis, is down-regulated by UV-B but not by pigment-inducing sunlight in turnip cv. Tsuda. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:2092-101. [PMID: 25305244 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis in Brassica rapa subsp. rapa cv. Tsuda turnip was investigated using an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant R30 with light-independent pigmentation. TILLING (targeting induced local lesions in genomes) and subsequent analysis showed that a stop codon was inserted in the R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene BrMYB4 and that the encoded protein (BrMYB4mu) had lost its C-terminal region. In R30, anthocyanin accumulated in the below-ground portion of the storage root of 2-month-old plants. In 4-day-old seedlings and 2-month-old plants, expression of BrMYB4 was similar between R30 and the wild type (WT), but the expression of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase gene (BrC4H) was markedly enhanced in R30 in the dark. In turnip seedlings, BrMYB4 expression was suppressed by UV-B irradiation in the WT, but this negative regulation was absent in R30. Concomitantly, BrC4H was repressed by UV-B irradiation in the WT, but stayed at high levels in R30. A gel-shift assay revealed that BrMYB4 could directly bind to the promoter region of BrC4H, but BrMYB4mu could not. The BrMYB4-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) protein could enter the nucleus in the presence of BrSAD2 (an importin β-like protein) nuclear transporter, but BrMYB4mu-eGFP could not. These results showed that BrMYB4 functions as a negative transcriptional regulator of BrC4H and mediates UV-B-dependent phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, while BrMYB4mu has lost this function. In the storage roots, the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes was enhanced in R30 in the dark and in sunlight in both the WT and R30. However, in the WT, anthocyanin-inducing sunlight did not suppress BrMYB4 expression. Therefore, sunlight-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis does not seem to be regulated by BrMYB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mei Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8654 Japan
| | - Yuhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Müller-Xing R, Xing Q, Goodrich J. Footprints of the sun: memory of UV and light stress in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:474. [PMID: 25278950 PMCID: PMC4165212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight provides the necessary energy for plant growth via photosynthesis but high light and particular its integral ultraviolet (UV) part causes stress potentially leading to serious damage to DNA, proteins, and other cellular components. Plants show adaptation to environmental stresses, sometimes referred to as "plant memory." There is growing evidence that plants memorize exposure to biotic or abiotic stresses through epigenetic mechanisms at the cellular level. UV target genes such as CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) respond immediately to UV treatment and studies of the recently identified UV-B receptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) confirm the expedite nature of UV signaling. Considering these findings, an UV memory seems redundant. However, several lines of evidence suggest that plants may develop an epigenetic memory of UV and light stress, but in comparison to other abiotic stresses there has been relatively little investigation. Here we summarize the state of knowledge about acclimation and adaptation of plants to UV light and discuss the possibility of chromatin based epigenetic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Müller-Xing
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Qian Xing
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Justin Goodrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, UK
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Müller-Xing R, Xing Q, Goodrich J. Footprints of the sun: memory of UV and light stress in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014. [PMID: 25278950 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00474/abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight provides the necessary energy for plant growth via photosynthesis but high light and particular its integral ultraviolet (UV) part causes stress potentially leading to serious damage to DNA, proteins, and other cellular components. Plants show adaptation to environmental stresses, sometimes referred to as "plant memory." There is growing evidence that plants memorize exposure to biotic or abiotic stresses through epigenetic mechanisms at the cellular level. UV target genes such as CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) respond immediately to UV treatment and studies of the recently identified UV-B receptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) confirm the expedite nature of UV signaling. Considering these findings, an UV memory seems redundant. However, several lines of evidence suggest that plants may develop an epigenetic memory of UV and light stress, but in comparison to other abiotic stresses there has been relatively little investigation. Here we summarize the state of knowledge about acclimation and adaptation of plants to UV light and discuss the possibility of chromatin based epigenetic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Müller-Xing
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Qian Xing
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Justin Goodrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
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Wargent JJ, Jordan BR. From ozone depletion to agriculture: understanding the role of UV radiation in sustainable crop production. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 197:1058-1076. [PMID: 23363481 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Largely because of concerns regarding global climate change, there is a burgeoning interest in the application of fundamental scientific knowledge in order to better exploit environmental cues in the achievement of desirable endpoints in crop production. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an energetic driver of a diverse range of plant responses and, despite historical concerns regarding the damaging consequences of UV-B radiation for global plant productivity as related to stratospheric ozone depletion, current developments representative of a range of organizational scales suggest that key plant responses to UV-B radiation may be exploitable in the context of a sustainable contribution towards the strengthening of global crop production, including alterations in secondary metabolism, enhanced photoprotection, up-regulation of the antioxidative response and modified resistance to pest and disease attack. Here, we discuss the prospect of this paradigm shift in photobiology, and consider the linkages between fundamental plant biology and crop-level outcomes that can be applied to the plant UV-B response, in addition to the consequences for related biota and many other facets of agro-ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Wargent
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Brian R Jordan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Lv Z, Zhang X, Liu L, Guo Y, Fan Y, Yang X, Li Y, Zhang W. Comparing intraspecific responses of 12 winter wheat cultivars to different doses of ultraviolet-B radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 119:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Davey MP, Susanti NI, Wargent JJ, Findlay JE, Paul Quick W, Paul ND, Jenkins GI. The UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 promotes photosynthetic efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to elevated levels of UV-B. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 114:121-31. [PMID: 23161229 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 regulates expression of genes in response to UV-B, some encoding chloroplast proteins, but the importance of UVR8 in maintaining photosynthetic competence is unknown. The maximum quantum yield of PSII (F (v)/F(m)) and the operating efficiency of PSII (Φ(PSII)) were measured in wild-type and uvr8 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana. The importance of specific UVR8-regulated genes in maintaining photosynthetic competence was examined using mutants. Both F (v)/F(m) and Φ(PSII) decreased when plants were exposed to elevated UV-B, in general more so in uvr8 mutant plants than wild-type. UV-B increased the level of psbD-BLRP (blue light responsive promoter) transcripts, encoding the PSII D2 protein. This increase was mediated by the UVR8-regulated chloroplast RNA polymerase sigma factor SIG5, but SIG5 was not required to maintain photosynthetic efficiency at elevated UV-B. Levels of the D1 protein of PSII decreased markedly when plants were exposed to elevated UV-B, but there was no significant difference between wild-type and uvr8 under conditions where the mutant showed increased photoinhibition. The results show that UVR8 promotes photosynthetic efficiency at elevated levels of UV-B. Loss of the DI polypeptide is probably important in causing photoinhibition, but does not entirely explain the reduced photosynthetic efficiency of the uvr8 mutant compared to wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Davey
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Domínguez E, Fernández MD, Hernández JCL, Parra JP, España L, Heredia A, Cuartero J. Tomato fruit continues growing while ripening, affecting cuticle properties and cracking. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 146:473-86. [PMID: 22582930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fruit cuticle composition and their mechanical performance have a special role during ripening because internal pressure is no longer sustained by the degraded cell walls of the pericarp but is directly transmitted to epidermis and cuticle which could eventually crack. We have studied fruit growth, cuticle modifications and its biomechanics, and fruit cracking in tomato; tomato has been considered a model system for studying fleshy fruit growth and ripening. Tomato fruit cracking is a major disorder that causes severe economic losses and, in cherry tomato, crack appearance is limited to the ripening process. As environmental conditions play a crucial role in fruit growing, ripening and cracking, we grow two cherry tomato cultivars in four conditions of radiation and relative humidity (RH). High RH and low radiation decreased the amount of cuticle and cuticle components accumulated. No effect of RH in cuticle biomechanics was detected. However, cracked fruits had a significantly less deformable (lower maximum strain) cuticle than non-cracked fruits. A significant and continuous fruit growth from mature green to overripe has been detected with special displacement sensors. This growth rate varied among genotypes, with cracking-sensitive genotypes showing higher growth rates than cracking-resistant ones. Environmental conditions modified this growth rate during ripening, with higher growing rates under high RH and radiation. These conditions corresponded to those that favored fruit cracking. Fruit growth rate during ripening, probably sustained by an internal turgor pressure, is a key parameter in fruit cracking, because fruits that ripened detached from the vine did not crack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Domínguez
- IHSM La Mayora (CSIC-Universidad de Málaga), Algarrobo-Costa, E-29750 Málaga, Spain
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Deng Y, Yao J, Wang X, Guo H, Duan D. Transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis of Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) under blue light induction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39704. [PMID: 22761876 PMCID: PMC3384632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light has significant effect on the growth and development of Saccharina japonica, but there are limited reports on blue light mediated physiological responses and molecular mechanism. In this study, high-throughput paired-end RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was applied to transcriptomes of S. japonica exposed to blue light and darkness, respectively. Comparative analysis of gene expression was designed to correlate the effect of blue light and physiological mechanisms on the molecular level. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS RNA-seq analysis yielded 70,497 non-redundant unigenes with an average length of 538 bp. 28,358 (40.2%) functional transcripts encoding regions were identified. Annotation through Swissprot, Nr, GO, KEGG, and COG databases showed 25,924 unigenes compared well (E-value <10(-5)) with known gene sequences, and 43 unigenes were putative BL photoreceptor. 10,440 unigenes were classified into Gene Ontology, and 8,476 unigenes were involved in 114 known pathways. Based on RPKM values, 11,660 (16.5%) differentially expressed unigenes were detected between blue light and dark exposed treatments, including 7,808 upregulated and 3,852 downregulated unigenes, suggesting S. japonica had undergone extensive transcriptome re-orchestration during BL exposure. The BL-specific responsive genes were indentified to function in processes of circadian rhythm, flavonoid biosynthesis, photoreactivation and photomorphogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE Transcriptome profiling of S. japonica provides clues to potential genes identification and future functional genomics study. The global survey of expression changes under blue light will enhance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying blue light induced responses in lower plants as well as facilitate future blue light photoreceptor identification and specific responsive pathways analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Deng
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianting Yao
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuliang Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Delin Duan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Wang Y, Zhou B, Sun M, Li Y, Kawabata S. UV-A Light Induces Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in a Manner Distinct from Synergistic Blue + UV-B Light and UV-A/Blue Light Responses in Different Parts of the Hypocotyls in Turnip Seedlings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 53:1470-80. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rius SP, Grotewold E, Casati P. Analysis of the P1 promoter in response to UV-B radiation in allelic variants of high-altitude maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:92. [PMID: 22702356 PMCID: PMC3489873 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants living at high altitudes are typically exposed to elevated UV-B radiation, and harbor mechanisms to prevent the induced damage, such as the accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds. The maize R2R3-MYB transcription factor P1 controls the accumulation of several UV-B absorbing phenolics by activating a subset of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in leaves of maize landraces adapted to high altitudes. RESULTS Here, we studied the UV-B regulation of P1 in maize leaves of high altitude landraces, and we investigated how UV-B regulates P1 binding to the CHS promoter in both low and high altitude lines. In addition, we analyzed whether the expansion in the P1 expression domain between these maize landraces and inbred lines is associated to changes in the molecular structure of the proximal promoter, distal enhancer and first intron of P1. Finally, using transient expression experiments in protoplasts from various maize genotypes, we investigated whether the different expression patterns of P1 in the high altitude landraces could be attributed to trans- or cis-acting elements. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results demonstrate that, although differences in cis-acting elements exist between the different lines under study, the different patterns of P1 expression are largely a consequence of effects in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Pablo Rius
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Plant Biotechnology Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Paula Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
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Tassoni A, Durante L, Ferri M. Combined elicitation of methyl-jasmonate and red light on stilbene and anthocyanin biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:775-781. [PMID: 22424571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Vitis vinifera cell suspensions are a suitable system to study the metabolic regulation of a large range of polyphenols, including flavonoids and stilbenes that play important roles in plant development. Grape cv. Barbera petioles cell cultures were treated with red light and 10 μM methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), alone or in combination, to investigate their influence and/or induction effect on the production of anthocyanins, catechins and free and mono-glucosylated stilbenes. The synthesis of total anthocyanins was slightly decreased by red light alone, while MeJA and MeJA plus red light increased the levels of these metabolites. When compared to the relative controls, the red light treatment decreased the amount of catechins and increased their release in the culture medium, while MeJA alone or in combination with red light increased their production. Red light treatment generally enhanced the amount of free and mono-glucosylated stilbenes during the entire observation period, as well as the percentage of their release in the media. Treatment with MeJA strongly promoted the production of total stilbenes, which was further elicited by the MeJA plus red light treatment. During the combined treatment, the presence of the light stimulus improved the effect of MeJA by anticipating the maximum increase of stilbenes which were also largely released (up to 90%). These results demonstrate that, in grapevine, as in other plant systems, the change of conditions in which the MeJA stimulus is perceived (e.g. going from total white to red light) drastically modifies the plant response to this hormone. The present paper confirms that the jasmonate transduction pathway is integrated into an elaborate signaling network that also comprehends the red light signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Tassoni
- Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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