1
|
Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710073. [PMID: 36077475 PMCID: PMC9456256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is characterised by the most diverse morphological, metabolic and functional structure among all body tissues. This is due to the existence of diverse neurons secreting various neurotransmitters and mutually modulating their own activity through thousands of pre- and postsynaptic interconnections in each neuron. Astroglial, microglial and oligodendroglial cells and neurons reciprocally regulate the metabolism of key energy substrates, thereby exerting several neuroprotective, neurotoxic and regulatory effects on neuronal viability and neurotransmitter functions. Maintenance of the pool of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from glycolytic glucose metabolism is a key factor for neuronal survival. Thus, acetyl-CoA is regarded as a direct energy precursor through the TCA cycle and respiratory chain, thereby affecting brain cell viability. It is also used for hundreds of acetylation reactions, including N-acetyl aspartate synthesis in neuronal mitochondria, acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons, as well as divergent acetylations of several proteins, peptides, histones and low-molecular-weight species in all cellular compartments. Therefore, acetyl-CoA should be considered as the central point of metabolism maintaining equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic pathways in the brain. This review presents data supporting this thesis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Pardo B, Herrada-Soler E, Satrústegui J, Contreras L, del Arco A. AGC1 Deficiency: Pathology and Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:528. [PMID: 35008954 PMCID: PMC8745132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AGC1/Aralar/Slc25a12 is the mitochondrial carrier of aspartate-glutamate, the regulatory component of the NADH malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) that transfers cytosolic redox power to neuronal mitochondria. The deficiency in AGC1/Aralar leads to the human rare disease named "early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 39" (EIEE 39, OMIM # 612949) characterized by epilepsy, hypotonia, arrested psychomotor neurodevelopment, hypo myelination and a drastic drop in brain aspartate (Asp) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA). Current evidence suggest that neurons are the main brain cell type expressing Aralar. However, paradoxically, glial functions such as myelin and Glutamine (Gln) synthesis are markedly impaired in AGC1 deficiency. Herein, we discuss the role of the AGC1/Aralar-MAS pathway in neuronal functions such as Asp and NAA synthesis, lactate use, respiration on glucose, glutamate (Glu) oxidation and other neurometabolic aspects. The possible mechanism triggering the pathophysiological findings in AGC1 deficiency, such as epilepsy and postnatal hypomyelination observed in humans and mice, are also included. Many of these mechanisms arise from findings in the aralar-KO mice model that extensively recapitulate the human disease including the astroglial failure to synthesize Gln and the dopamine (DA) mishandling in the nigrostriatal system. Epilepsy and DA mishandling are a direct consequence of the metabolic defect in neurons due to AGC1/Aralar deficiency. However, the deficits in myelin and Gln synthesis may be a consequence of neuronal affectation or a direct effect of AGC1/Aralar deficiency in glial cells. Further research is needed to clarify this question and delineate the transcellular metabolic fluxes that control brain functions. Finally, we discuss therapeutic approaches successfully used in AGC1-deficient patients and mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pardo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.H.-S.); (J.S.); (L.C.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Herrada-Soler
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.H.-S.); (J.S.); (L.C.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorgina Satrústegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.H.-S.); (J.S.); (L.C.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Contreras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.H.-S.); (J.S.); (L.C.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli del Arco
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Larsen RJ, Gagoski B, Morton SU, Ou Y, Vyas R, Litt J, Grant PE, Sutton BP. Quantification of magnetic resonance spectroscopy data using a combined reference: Application in typically developing infants. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4520. [PMID: 33913194 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) data is commonly performed by referencing the ratio of the signal from one metabolite, or metabolite group, to that of another, or to the water signal. Both approaches have drawbacks: ratios of two metabolites can be difficult to interpret because study effects may be driven by either metabolite, and water-referenced data must be corrected for partial volume and relaxation effects in the water signal. Here, we introduce combined reference (CRef) analysis, which compensates for both limitations. In this approach, metabolites are referenced to the combined signal of several reference metabolites or metabolite groups. The approach does not require the corrections necessary for water scaling and produces results that are less sensitive to the variation of any single reference signal, thereby aiding the interpretation of results. We demonstrate CRef analysis using 202 1 H-MRS acquisitions from the brains of 140 infants, scanned at approximately 1 and 3 months of age. We show that the combined signal of seven reference metabolites or metabolite groups is highly correlated with the water signal, corrected for partial volume and relaxation effects associated with cerebral spinal fluid. We also show that the combined reference signal is equally or more uniform across subjects than the reference signals from single metabolites or metabolite groups. We use CRef analysis to quantify metabolite concentration changes during the first several months of life in typically developing infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah U Morton
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yangming Ou
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Litt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stampalija T, Ciardo C, Barbieri M, Risso FM, Travan L. Neurodevelopment of infant with late fetal growth restriction. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2021; 73:482-489. [PMID: 33949822 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.21.04807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Late fetal growth restriction has increasingly gain interest. Differently from early fetal growth restriction, the severity of this condition and the impact on perinatal mortality and morbidity is less severe. Nevertheless, there is some evidence to suggest that fetuses exposed to growth restriction late in pregnancy are at increased risk of neurological dysfunction and behavioral impairment. The aim of our review was to discuss the available evidence on the neurodevelopmental outcome in fetuses exposed to growth restriction late in pregnancy. Cerebral blood flow redistribution, a Doppler hallmark of late fetal growth restriction, has been associated with this increased risk, although there are still some controversies. Currently, most of the available studies are heterogeneous and do not distinguish between early and late fetal growth restriction when evaluating the long-term outcome, thus, making the correlation between late fetal growth restriction and neurological dysfunction difficult to interpret. The available evidence suggests that fetuses exposed to late growth restriction are at increased risk of neurological dysfunction and behavioral impairment. The presence of the cerebral blood flow redistribution seems to be associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome, however, from the present literature the causality cannot be ascertained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stampalija
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy - .,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy -
| | - Claudia Ciardo
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Moira Barbieri
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco M Risso
- Division of Neonatology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Travan
- Division of Neonatology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Association of altered thyroid hormones and neurometabolism to cognitive dysfunction in unmedicated bipolar II depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110027. [PMID: 32791168 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment in bipolar II depression (BD II) remains unclear. Studies show disturbances of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis are suspected of correlating to brain neurometabolic alterations and cognitive deficits in psychiatric disorders. While, the nature of their inter-relationships in BD II depression remain enigmatic. METHODS 106 patients with unmedicated BD II depression and 100 healthy controls underwent cognitive function assessment using Trail Making Test, Part-A (TMT-A), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Semantic Verbal Fluency testing (SVF). Of those, 69 patients and 53 healthy controls had serum thyroid hormone levels measured including free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), total tri-iodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxin (FT4), total thyroxin (TT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Additionally, 79 of the patients and 76 of the healthy controls underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) to obtain ratios of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline-containing compounds to creatine (Cho/Cr) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and thalamus. Finally, association and multiple regression analysis were conducted to investigate their inter-relationships. RESULTS Patients with BD II depression showed significantly lower DSST and verbal fluency scores and longer completion time of TMT-A than did healthy controls. The FT3, TT3, and TSH levels of the BD cohort significantly decreased, while their FT4 levels increased. We also found significantly lower NAA/Cr ratios in the PFC and higher NAA/Cr ratios in the left thalamus of patients with BD II depression than in healthy controls. Furthermore, association analysis showed that increased FT4 negatively correlated to DSST and SVF, while increased FT4 correlation significantly with increasing TSH and DSST. Multiple regression analyses revealed relationships between TSH and NAA in the left PFC and the left thalamus, while correlating to SVF testing within the BD II depression cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate coinciding thyroid hormone abnormalities, cognitive dysfunction, and neurometabolic alterations of the PFC-thalamic circuitry occur in an early course of BD II depression. Further understanding of the interaction between thyroid-stimulating hormone and NAA/Cr of PFC-thalamic circuitry may shed light on the etiology of associated cognitive impairment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kirov II, Sollberger M, Davitz MS, Glodzik L, Soher BJ, Babb JS, Monsch AU, Gass A, Gonen O. Global brain volume and N-acetyl-aspartate decline over seven decades of normal aging. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 98:42-51. [PMID: 33232854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We characterize the whole-brain N-acetyl-aspartate (WBNAA) and brain tissue fractions across the adult lifespan and test the hypothesis that, despite age-related atrophy, neuronal integrity (reflected by WBNAA) is preserved in normal aging. Two-hundred-and-seven participants: 133 cognitively intact older adults (73.6 ± 7.4 mean ± standard deviation, range: 60-90 year old) and 84 young (37.9 ± 11, range: 21-59 year old) were scanned with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and T1-weighted MRI. Their WBNAA, fractional brain parenchyma, and gray and white matter volumes (fBPV, fGM, and fWM) were compared and modeled as functions of age and sex. Compared with young, older-adults' WBNAA was lower by ~35%, and fBPV, fGM and fWM were lower by ~10%. Linear regressions found 0.5%/year WBNAA and 0.2%/year fBPV and fGM declines, whereas fWM rose to age ~40 years, and declined thereafter. fBPV and fGM were 1.8% and 4% higher in women, with no sex decline rates difference. We conclude that contrary to our hypothesis, atrophy was accompanied by WBNAA decline. Across the entire age range, women's brains showed less atrophy than men's. Formulas to estimate WBNAA and brain tissue fractions in healthy adults are provided to help differentiate normal from abnormal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I Kirov
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI(2)R), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Sollberger
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Memory Clinic, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew S Davitz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI(2)R), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI(2)R), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian J Soher
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James S Babb
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI(2)R), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas U Monsch
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Memory Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Achim Gass
- Department of Neurology/Neuroimaging, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oded Gonen
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI(2)R), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pradhan S, Kapse K, Jacobs M, Niforatos-Andescavage N, Quistorff JL, Lopez C, Bannantine KL, Andersen NR, Vezina G, Limperopoulos C. Non-invasive measurement of biochemical profiles in the healthy fetal brain. Neuroimage 2020; 219:117016. [PMID: 32526384 PMCID: PMC7491254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of the fetal brain can be used to study emerging metabolite profiles in the developing brain. Identifying early deviations in brain metabolic profiles in high-risk fetuses may offer important adjunct clinical information to improve surveillance and management during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subechhya Pradhan
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA; Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA; Department of Radiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kushal Kapse
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Marni Jacobs
- Department of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nickie Niforatos-Andescavage
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Division of Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Jessica Lynn Quistorff
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Catherine Lopez
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Kathryn Lee Bannantine
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | | | - Gilbert Vezina
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA; Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA; Department of Radiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Insular Cell Integrity Markers Linked to Weight Concern in Anorexia Nervosa-An MR-Spectroscopy Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051292. [PMID: 32365843 PMCID: PMC7288299 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: An insular involvement in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN) has been suggested in many structural and functional neuroimaging studies. This magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study is the first to investigate metabolic signals in the anterior insular cortex in patients with AN and recovered individuals (REC). Method: The MR spectra of 32 adult women with AN, 21 REC subjects and 33 healthy controls (HC) were quantified for absolute N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate + glutamine (Glx), total choline, myo-inositol, creatine concentrations (mM/L). After adjusting the metabolite concentrations for age and partial gray/white matter volume, group differences were tested using one-way multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA). Post-hoc analyses of variance were applied to identify those metabolites that showed significant group effects. Correlations were tested for associations with psychometric measures (eating disorder examination), duration of illness, and body mass index. Results: The MANOVA exhibited a significant group effect. The NAA signal was reduced in the AN group compared to the HC group. The REC and the HC groups did not differ in metabolite concentrations. In the AN group, lower NAA and Glx signals were related to increased weight concern. Discussion: We interpret the decreased NAA availability in the anterior insula as a signal of impaired neuronal integrity or density. The association of weight concern, which is a core feature of AN, with decreased NAA and Glx indicates that disturbances of glutamatergic neurotransmission might be related to core psychopathology in AN. The absence of significant metabolic differences between the REC and HC subjects suggests that metabolic alterations in AN represent a state rather than a trait phenomenon.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lucke AM, Shetty AN, Hagan JL, Walton A, Stafford TD, Chu ZD, Rhee CJ, Kaiser JR, Sanz Cortes M. Early proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy during and after therapeutic hypothermia in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:941-950. [PMID: 30918993 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a significant cause of mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment despite treatment with therapeutic hypothermia. Magnetic resonance H1-spectroscopy measures concentrations of cerebral metabolites to detect derangements in aerobic metabolism. OBJECTIVE We assessed MR spectroscopy in neonates with HIE within 18-24 h of initiating therapeutic hypothermia and at 5-6 days post therapeutic hypothermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven neonates with HIE underwent MR spectroscopy of the basal ganglia and white matter. We compared metabolite concentrations during therapeutic hypothermia and post-therapeutic hypothermia and between moderate and severe HIE. RESULTS During therapeutic hypothermia, neonates with severe HIE had decreased basal ganglia N-acetylaspartate (NAA; 0.62±0.08 vs. 0.72±0.05; P=0.02), NAA + N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG; 0.66±0.11 vs. 0.77±0.06; P=0.05), glycerophosphorylcholine + phosphatidylcholine (GPC+PCh; 0.28±0.05 vs. 0.38±0.06; P=0.02) and decreased white matter GPC+PCh (0.35±0.13 vs. 0.48±0.04; P=0.02) compared to neonates with moderate HIE. For all subjects, basal ganglia NAA decreased (-0.08±0.07; P=0.01), whereas white matter GPC+PCh increased (0.03±0.04; P=0.04) from therapeutic hypothermia MRI to post-therapeutic-hypothermia MRI. All metabolite values are expressed in mmol/L. CONCLUSION Decreased NAA and GPC+PCh were associated with greater HIE severity and could distinguish neonates who might benefit most from targeted additional neuroprotective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Lucke
- Fetal Medicine Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Anil N Shetty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Pavilion for Women, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph L Hagan
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Allison Walton
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tiffany D Stafford
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zili D Chu
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Kaiser
- Departments of Pediatrics (Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine) and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Magdalena Sanz Cortes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital Pavilion for Women, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Biochemical abnormalities in basal ganglia and executive dysfunction in acute- and euthymic-episode patients with bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:108-116. [PMID: 28818755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies found abnormal biochemical metabolism and executive cognitive deficits in acute bipolar disorder (BD). However, the evidence concerning in euthymic BD is limited. Thus, a comparison between acute and euthymic BD is conductive to better understanding the association between cognition and the outcome of neuroimaging. This study sought to investigate the relationship between the executive function and the biochemical metabolism in acute- and euthymic-episode BD patients and delineate the prominent endophenotype of BD. METHODS Three groups of participants were recruited in this study: 30 BD patients with an acute depressive episode, 22 euthymic BD patients, and 31 healthy controls. All participants were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, and underwent two-dimensional multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to obtain the bilateral metabolite levels in the lenticular nucleus of basal ganglia(BG). The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and Choline-containing compounds (Cho) /Cr ratios were calculated. Executive function was assessed by using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Trail Making Test, Part-B(TMT-B). RESULTS The comparison of biochemical changes showed that the NAA/Cr ratios in bilateral lenticular nucleus in both acute and euthymic BD patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls at a confidence level of p<0.05. In the comparison of executive function, both acute and euthymic BD patients showed significantly decreased numbers of categories completed, and increased numbers of total errors, perseverative and noperseverative errors, and TMT-B uptake compared to the healthy controls at a confidence level of p<0.05. There were no significant differences between the acute BD and euthymic BD groups in the biochemical metabolite ratios and executive function. We found that the NAA/Cr ratio in the left in BG in the acute -episode BD patients was positively correlated with the number of categories completed, whereas it was negatively correlated with the total errors and TMT-B uptake. There was no correlation between the NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in the bilateral BG and the scores of SWCT and TMT-B in euthymic-episode BD patients. LIMITATION The sample size was relatively small and not all the euthymic-episode patients are the ones with an acute episode. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that biochemical abnormalities in the lenticular nucleus and the executive dysfunction may occur early in the course of BD, and persist during remission, and are the most likely markers of endophenotypes of BD. The dysfunction of the neuronal function in the lenticular nucleus may be correlated with the cold dysfunction in patients with acute BD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
MRI techniques and systems have evolved dramatically over recent years. These advances include higher field strengths, new techniques, faster gradients, improved coil technology, and more robust sequence protocols. This article reviews the most commonly used advanced MRI techniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectrography, diffusion tensor imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid flow tracking.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen H, Cheng YS, Zhou ZR. Long-term Brain Tissue Monitoring after Semi-brain Irradiation in Rats Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Preliminary Study In vivo. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:957-963. [PMID: 28397726 PMCID: PMC5407043 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.204097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In head and neck neoplasm survivors treated with brain irradiation, metabolic alterations would occur in the radiation-induced injury area. The mechanism of these metabolic alterations has not been fully understood, while the alternations could be sensitively detected by proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In this study, we investigated the metabolic characteristics of radiation-induced brain injury through a long-term follow-up after radiation treatment using MRS in vivo. METHODS A total of 12 adult Sprague-Dawley rats received a single dose of 30 Gy radiation treatment to semi-brain (field size: 1.0 cm × 2.0 cm; anterior limit: binocular posterior inner canthus connection; posterior limit: external acoustic meatus connection; internal limit: sagittal suture). Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and single-voxel 1H-MRS were performed at different time points (in month 0 before irradiation as well as in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th months after irradiation) to investigate the alternations in irradiation field. N-acetylaspartate/choline (NAA/Cho), NAA/creatinine (Cr), and Cho/Cr ratios were measured in the bilateral hippocampus and quantitatively analyzed with a repeated-measures mixed-effects model and multiple comparison test. RESULTS Significant changes in the ratios of NAA/Cho (F = 57.37, P<sub>g < 0.001), NAA/Cr (F = 54.49, P<sub>g < 0.001), and Cho/Cr (F = 9.78, P<sub>g = 0.005) between the hippocampus region of the irradiated semi-brain and the contralateral semi-brain were observed. There were significant differences in NAA/Cho (F = 9.17, P<sub>t < 0.001) and NAA/Cr (F = 13.04, P<sub>t < 0.001) ratios over time. The tendency of NAA/Cr to change with time showed no significant difference between the irradiated and contralateral sides. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in the Cho/Cr ratio between these two sides. CONCLUSIONS MRS can sensitively detect metabolic alternations. Significant changes of metabolites ratio in the first few months after radiation treatment reflect the metabolic disturbance in the acute and early-delayed stages of radiation-induced brain injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Shu Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A comparison of neurometabolites between remitted bipolar disorder and depressed bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Affect Disord 2017; 211:153-161. [PMID: 28126615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent many studies found the abnormal neurometabolites in the acute bipolar disorder (BD). However, limited studies were to detect neurometabolites in remitted BD, comparison between acute and remitted BD is conductive to understand the outcome of neurometabolites. This study sought to investigate the differences in neurometabolites between remitted and depressed BD patients using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). METHODS Three subject groups were enrolled: 22 remitted BD patients, 22 depressed BD patients and 24 healthy controls. All subjects underwent 1H-MRS to measure N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), myo-Inositol (mI) and Creatine (Cr) of several bilateral areas potentially involved in BD: prefrontal whiter matter (PWM), thalamus and putamen. The neurometabolite ratios were compared among three groups. The correlations between abnormal neurometabolite ratios and clinical data were computed. RESULTS The lower bilateral PWM NAA/Cr ratios were found in depressed BD patients than remitted BD patients and healthy controls, no differences were found between the remitted BD patients and controls. For depressed BD patients, left PWM NAA/Cr ratios showed negative correlation with age of onset, right PWM NAA/Cr ratios showed positive correlation with duration of illness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the abnormal neurometabolites in the prefrontal lobe whiter may occur in the depressed BD. The remitted BD may resemble healthy subjects in terms of neurometabolites. In addition, abnormal neurometabolites in prefrontal lobe whiter may correlate with the age of onset and illness length.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bültmann E, Nägele T, Lanfermann H, Klose U. Changes of brain metabolite concentrations during maturation in different brain regions measured by chemical shift imaging. Neuroradiology 2016; 59:31-41. [PMID: 27889838 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-016-1763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the effect of maturation on the regional distribution of brain metabolite concentrations using multivoxel chemical shift imaging. METHODS From our pool of pediatric MRI examinations, we retrospectively selected patients showing a normal cerebral MRI scan or no pathologic signal abnormalities at the level of the two-dimensional 1H MRS-CSI sequence and an age-appropriate global neurological development, except for focal neurological deficits. Seventy-one patients (4.5 months-20 years) were identified. Using LC Model, spectra were evaluated from voxels in the white matter, caudate head, and corpus callosum. RESULTS The concentration of total N-acetylaspartate increased in all regions during infancy and childhood except in the right caudate head where it remained constant. The concentration of total creatine decreased in the caudate nucleus and splenium and minimally in the frontal white matter and genu. It remained largely constant in the parietal white matter. The concentration of choline-containing compounds had the tendency to decrease in all regions except in the parietal white matter where it remained constant. The concentration of myoinositol decreased slightly in the splenium and right frontal white matter, remained constant on the left side and in the caudate nucleus, and rose slightly in the parietal white matter and genu. CONCLUSION CSI determined metabolite concentrations in multiple cerebral regions during routine MRI. The obtained data will be helpful in future pediatric CSI measurements deciding whether the ratios of the main metabolites are within the range of normal values or have to be considered as probably pathologic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bültmann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Radiological University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lanfermann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Klose
- Section of Experimental MR of the CNS, Department of Neuroradiology, Radiological University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Durlak W, Herman-Sucharska I, Urbanik A, Klimek M, Karcz P, Dutkowska G, Nitecka M, Kwinta P. Relationship between Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Frontoinsular Gray Matter and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Children at the Age of 4. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156064. [PMID: 27223474 PMCID: PMC4880287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Very low birth weight is associated with long term neurodevelopmental complications. Macroscopic brain abnormalities in prematurity survivors have been investigated in several studies. However, there is limited data regarding local cerebral metabolic status and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between proton magnetic resonance spectra in basal ganglia, frontal white matter and frontoinsular gray matter, neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed with the Leiter scale and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception and selected socioeconomic variables in a cohort of very low birth weight children at the age of four. Children were divided in three groups based on the severity of neurodevelopmental impairment. There were no differences in spectroscopy in basal ganglia and frontal white matter between the groups. Lower concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho) and myoinositol (mI) were observed in the frontoinsular cortex of the left hemisphere in children with neurodevelopmental impairment compared to children with normal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Higher parental education, daycare attendance and breastfeeding after birth were associated with more favorable neurodevelopmental prognosis, whereas rural residence was more prevalent in children with moderate and severe impairment. Our study demonstrates the role of long term neurometabolic disruption in the left frontoinsular cortex and selected socioeconomic variables in determination of neurodevelopmental prognosis in prematurity survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Durlak
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Izabela Herman-Sucharska
- Department of Electroradiology, Jagiellonian University, Michalowskiego 12, 31-126 Cracow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Urbanik
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 19, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Klimek
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Paulina Karcz
- Department of Electroradiology, Jagiellonian University, Michalowskiego 12, 31-126 Cracow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Dutkowska
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nitecka
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Przemko Kwinta
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mao N, Fang J, Xie H, Liu X, Jiang X, Wang G, Cui M, Wang B, Liu Q. Correlation between neurochemical metabolism and memory function in adolescent patients with depression: A multi-voxel ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:167-74. [PMID: 26556039 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We utilized multi-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to detect biochemical abnormalities in dorsolateral prefrontal white matter and anterior cingulate gray matter and to determine the correlation of biochemical changes with memory function in depressed adolescents. METHODS A total of 24 depressed patients and 23 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. MRS was performed to assess the N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine Cr and choline (Cho)/Cr ratios in dorsolateral prefrontal white matter and anterior cingulate gray matter of participants. Memory function was measured on the basis of Wechsler Memory Scale scores, and depression was diagnosed on the basis of clinical observation, interview, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. RESULTS Compared with controls, depressed patients had significantly lower NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in left dorsolateral prefrontal white matter and lower NAA/Cr ratios in right dorsolateral prefrontal white matter (P < 0.05). No biochemical differences were identified in the bilateral anterior cingulate gray matter between the two groups. Nevertheless, the depressed patients showed significantly lower memory quotient than controls (P < 0.05). The NAA/Cr ratio in dorsolateral prefrontal white matter positively correlated with memory quotient (left: P < 0.01; right: P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that biochemical abnormalities in prefrontal white matter are involved in the pathophysiology of adolescent depression. In particular, such abnormalities are already present at the early stage of the disorder, and low NAA/Cr in bilateral anterior frontal white matter may be associated with memory impairment and related neuropathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Mao
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | | | - Haizhu Xie
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | | | | | - Guangbin Wang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shan Dong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghu Cui
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shan Dong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Masoller N, Sanz-CortéS M, Crispi F, Gómez O, Bennasar M, Egaña-Ugrinovic G, Bargalló N, Martínez JM, Gratacós E. Mid-gestation brain Doppler and head biometry in fetuses with congenital heart disease predict abnormal brain development at birth. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2016; 47:65-73. [PMID: 26053596 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) show evidence of abnormal brain development before birth, which is thought to contribute to adverse neurodevelopment during childhood. Our aim was to evaluate whether brain development in late pregnancy can be predicted by fetal brain Doppler, head biometry and the clinical form of CHD at the time of diagnosis. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study including 58 fetuses with CHD, diagnosed at 20-24 weeks' gestation, and 58 normal control fetuses. At the time of diagnosis, we recorded fetal head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter, middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA-PI), cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and brain perfusion by fractional moving blood volume. We classified cases into one of two clinical types defined by the expected levels (high or low) of placental (well-oxygenated) blood perfusion, according to the anatomical defect. All fetuses underwent subsequent 3T-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 36-38 weeks' gestation. RESULTS Abnormal prenatal brain development was defined by a composite score including any of the following findings on MRI: total brain volume < 10(th) centile, parietoccipital or cingulate fissure depth < 10(th) centile or abnormal metabolic profile in the frontal lobe. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that MCA-PI (odds ratio (OR), 12.7; P = 0.01), CPR (OR, 8.7; P = 0.02) and HC (OR, 6.2; P = 0.02) were independent predictors of abnormal neurodevelopment; however, the clinical type of CHD was not. CONCLUSIONS Fetal brain Doppler and head biometry at the time of CHD diagnosis are independent predictors of abnormal brain development at birth, and could be used in future algorithms to improve counseling and targeted interventions. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Masoller
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sanz-CortéS
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Crispi
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Gómez
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Bennasar
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Egaña-Ugrinovic
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Bargalló
- Department of Radiology Hospital Clinic, Centre de Diagnostic per la Imatge, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Martínez
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Gratacós
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Numerous events are involved in brain development, some of which are detected by neuroimaging. Major changes in brain morphology are depicted by brain imaging during the fetal period while changes in brain composition can be demonstrated in both pre- and postnatal periods. Although ultrasonography and computed tomography can show changes in brain morphology, these techniques are insensitive to myelination that is one of the most important events occurring during brain maturation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is therefore the method of choice to evaluate brain maturation. MRI also gives insight into the microstructure of brain tissue through diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Metabolic changes are also part of brain maturation and are assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Understanding and knowledge of the different steps in brain development are required to be able to detect morphologic and structural changes on neuroimaging. Consequently alterations in normal development can be depicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Girard
- Neuroradiology Service, Hôpital la Timone, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - Meriam Koob
- Pediatric Radiology Imaging Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre and Laboratoire ICube, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Herv Brunel
- Neuroradiology Service, Hôpital la Timone, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Masoller N, Sanz-Cortés M, Crispi F, Gómez O, Bennasar M, Egaña-Ugrinovic G, Bargalló N, Martínez JM, Gratacós E. Severity of Fetal Brain Abnormalities in Congenital Heart Disease in Relation to the Main Expected Pattern of in utero Brain Blood Supply. Fetal Diagn Ther 2015; 39:269-78. [DOI: 10.1159/000439527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We evaluated the hypothesis that in fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) there is a correlation between the expected pattern of in utero brain blood supply and the severity of neurodevelopmental impairment. Methods: A total of 58 fetuses with CHD and 58 controls underwent a Doppler ultrasound and fetal MRI at 36-38 weeks. Fetuses with CHD were divided into two functional classes: class A with an expected severe reduction in oxygenated brain blood supply (left outflow tract obstruction and transposition of great vessels) and class B with theoretically near-normal or mildly impaired oxygenated brain blood supply (other CHD). Head biometry and cerebroplacental Doppler were assessed by ultrasound, and brain volumetry, cortical development and metabolism by MRI. Results: Both class A and B CHD fetuses had significant differences in head biometry, brain perfusion, cortical development and brain metabolism compared with controls. However, there was a significant linear tendency for head biometry, cerebral Doppler, volumes, cortical sulcation and metabolic ratios across the three clinical groups, with signs of more severe brain alterations in type A CHD fetuses. Conclusions: All fetuses with CHD showed significant brain developmental changes, but differences were more pronounced in CHD associated with an expected severe reduction in oxygenated blood supply to the brain.
Collapse
|
20
|
The correlation between biochemical abnormalities in frontal white matter, hippocampus and serum thyroid hormone levels in first-episode patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 180:162-9. [PMID: 25913802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous neuroimaging studies found evidence of potential brain biochemical abnormalities in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Abnormal serum thyroid hormone levels were also found in MDD patients, which may correlated with the abnormal biochemical metabolism of brain. However, they rarely excluded the compounding effects of medication, and brain degeneration. This study sought to investigate the relationship between the biochemical metabolism and the serum thyroid hormone levels in first-episode, treatment-naive, non-late-life patients with MDD. METHODS 26 first-episode, treatment-naive, non-late-life patients with MDD and 13 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Participants underwent two-dimensinal multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) [repetition time (TR)=1000ms; echo-time (TE)=144ms] at 1.5T to obtain bilateral metabolite levels from the white matter in prefrontal (WMP) lobe, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and hippocampus. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and choline containg compounds (Cho)/creatine (Cr) were calculated. Morning serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxin (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured before antidepressant treatment. RESULTS On the comparison of brain biochemical changes, MDD patients had a significantly lower NAA/Cr ratio in the left WMP, and lower NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in the right WMP when compared to the controls. There were no significant differences in the metabolite ratios in the bilateral ACC, and hippocampus. On the comparison of serum thyroid hormone levels, MDD patients had a significantly decreased T3 and TSH levels. On the comparison of correlation of brain biochemical changes and serum thyroid hormone levels in patients with MDD, the NAA/Cr ratio in the right WMP was positively correlated with the level of TSH. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that biochemical abnormalities and thyroid dysfunction may emerge early in the course of MDD. Dysfunction of neuronal function in the WMP may correlate with the abnormal TSH in patients with MDD, which may be related to the neuropathology of depression.
Collapse
|
21
|
Association of brain metabolism with sulcation and corpus callosum development assessed by MRI in late-onset small fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:804.e1-8. [PMID: 25640049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the relationship between fetal brain metabolism and microstructure expressed by brain sulcation, and corpus callosum (CC) development assessed by fetal brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). STUDY DESIGN A total of 119 fetuses, 64 that were small for gestational age (estimated fetal weight <10th centile and normal umbilical artery Doppler) and 55 controls underwent a 3T MR imaging/(1)H-MRS exam at 37 weeks. Anatomical T2-weighted images were obtained in the 3 orthogonal planes and long echo time (TE) (1)H-MRS acquired from the frontal lobe. Head biometrics, cortical fissure depths (insula, Sylvian, parietooccipital, cingulate, and calcarine), and CC area and biometries were blindly performed by manual and semiautomated delineation using Analyze software and corrected creating ratios for biparietal diameter and frontooccipital diameter, respectively, for group comparison. Spectroscopic data were processed using LCModel software and analyzed as metabolic ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to choline (Cho), Cho to creatine (Cr), and myo-inositol (Ino) to Cho. Differences between cases and controls were assessed. To test for the association between metabolic ratios and microstructural parameters, bivariate correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS Spectroscopic findings showed decreased NAA/Cho and increased Cho/Cr ratios in small fetuses. They also presented smaller head biometrics, shorter and smaller CC, and greater insular and cingulate depths. Frontal lobe NAA/Cho significantly correlated with biparietal diameter (r = 0.268; P = .021), head circumference (r = 0.259; P = .026), CC length (r = 0.265; P = .026), CC area (r = 0.317; P = .007), and the area of 6 from the 7 CC subdivisions. It did not correlate with any of the cortical sulcation parameters evaluated. None of the other metabolic ratios presented significant correlations with cortical development or CC parameters. CONCLUSION Frontal lobe NAA/Cho levels-which are considered a surrogate marker of neuronal activity-show a strong association with CC development. These results suggest that both metabolic and callosal alterations may be part of the same process of impaired brain development associated with intrauterine growth restriction.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiménez-Xarrié E, Davila M, Gil-Perotín S, Jurado-Rodríguez A, Candiota AP, Delgado-Mederos R, Lope-Piedrafita S, García-Verdugo JM, Arús C, Martí-Fàbregas J. In vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the infarct and the subventricular zone in experimental stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:828-34. [PMID: 25605287 PMCID: PMC4420856 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) provides metabolic information with higher sensitivity and spectral resolution than in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Therefore, we used both techniques to better characterize the metabolic pattern of the infarct and the neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the ipsilateral subventricular zone (SVZi). Ischemic stroke rats were divided into three groups: G0 (non-stroke controls, n = 6), G1 (day 1 after stroke, n = 6), and G7 (days 6 to 8 after stroke, n = 12). All the rats underwent MRS. Three rats per group were analyzed by HRMAS. The remaining rats were used for immunohistochemical studies. In the infarct, both techniques detected significant metabolic changes. The most relevant change was in mobile lipids (2.80 ppm) in the G7 group (a 5.53- and a 3.95-fold increase by MRS and HRMAS, respectively). In the SVZi, MRS did not detect any significant metabolic change. However, HRMAS detected a 2.70-fold increase in lactate and a 0.68-fold decrease in N-acetylaspartate in the G1 group. None of the metabolites correlated with the 1.37-fold increase in NPCs detected by immunohistochemistry in the G7 group. In conclusion, HRMAS improves the metabolic characterization of the brain in experimental ischemic stroke. However, none of the metabolites qualifies as a surrogate biomarker of NPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jiménez-Xarrié
- Departament de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Myriam Davila
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sara Gil-Perotín
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Neurorregeneración, Fundación para la Investigación La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Jurado-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Candiota
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Raquel Delgado-Mederos
- Departament de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Lope-Piedrafita
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Servei de RMN, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Neurorregeneración, Fundación para la Investigación La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carles Arús
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Martí-Fàbregas
- Departament de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hannoun S, Roch JA, Durand-Dubief F, Vukusic S, Sappey-Marinier D, Guttmann CRG, Cotton F. Weekly multimodal MRI follow-up of two multiple sclerosis active lesions presenting a transient decrease in ADC. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00307. [PMID: 25642392 PMCID: PMC4309893 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Blood-brain barrier disruption during the earliest phases of lesion formation in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is commonly ascribed to perivenular inflammatory activity and is usually accompanied by increased diffusivity. Reduced diffusivity has also been shown in active lesions, albeit less frequently. This study aimed to characterize the development and natural history of contrast-enhanced lesions by weekly following five relapsing remitting (RR) MS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion imaging, FLAIR and contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted MR, were weekly performed on five untreated patients recently diagnosed with RR MS. RESULTS All five patients showed significant increases of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the lesions compared to the first time point. One of the five patients presented 98 active lesions on ADC maps among which 36 had a volume larger than 10 mm(3). In two of these lesions, a 1 week transient decrease in ADC was detected at the time of the first gadolinium enhancement. Also, the perfusion analysis showed a concomitant increase in the relative cerebral blood volume. CONCLUSIONS The infrequency detection of such ADC decrease in a new lesion is probably due to its very short duration. This observation may be consistent with a hyper-acute inflammatory stage concomitant with an increased reactional perfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salem Hannoun
- CREATIS - CNRS UMR 5220 & INSERM U1044, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1 Villeurbanne, France ; Service de Neurologie A & EDMUS Coordinating Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer Bron, France
| | - Jean-Amédée Roch
- Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Francoise Durand-Dubief
- CREATIS - CNRS UMR 5220 & INSERM U1044, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1 Villeurbanne, France ; Service de Neurologie A & EDMUS Coordinating Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer Bron, France
| | - Sandra Vukusic
- Service de Neurologie A & EDMUS Coordinating Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer Bron, France
| | - Dominique Sappey-Marinier
- CREATIS - CNRS UMR 5220 & INSERM U1044, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1 Villeurbanne, France ; CERMEP - Imagerie du Vivant, Groupement Hospitalier Est Bron, France
| | - Charles R G Guttmann
- Center for Neurological Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francois Cotton
- CREATIS - CNRS UMR 5220 & INSERM U1044, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1 Villeurbanne, France ; Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon Pierre-Bénite, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhong S, Wang Y, Zhao G, Xiang Q, Ling X, Liu S, Huang L, Jia Y. Similarities of biochemical abnormalities between major depressive disorder and bipolar depression: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Affect Disord 2014; 168:380-6. [PMID: 25106035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in the context of bipolar disorder (BD) is often misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to mistreatments and poor clinical outcomes for many bipolar patients. Previous neuroimaging studies found mixed results on brain structure, and biochemical metabolism of the two disorders. To eliminate the compounding effects of medication, and aging, this study sought to investigate the brain biochemical changes of treatment-naïve, non-late-life patients with MDD and BD in white matter in prefrontal (WMP) lobe, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). METHODS Three groups of participants were recruited: 26 MDD patients, 20 depressed BD patients, and 13 healthy controls. The multi-voxel (1)H-MRS [repetition time (TR)=1000ms; echo-time (TE)=144ms] was used for the measurement of N-acetylaspartate(NAA), choline containg compounds (Cho), and creatine (Cr) in three brain locations: white matter in prefrontal (WMP) lobe, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and hippocampus. Two ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr as a measure of brain biochemical changes were compared among three experimental groups. RESULTS On the comparison of brain biochemical changes, both MDD patients and BD patients showed many similarities compared to the controls. They both had a significantly lower NAA/Cr ratio in the left WMP lobe. There were no significant differences among three experimental groups for Cho/Cr ratio in the WMP lobe, and for the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in the bilateral ACC and hippocampus. The only difference between MDD and BD patients existed for the NAA/Cr ratio in the right WMP lobe. While MDD patients had a significantly lower NAA/Cr ratio than controls, BD patients showed no such differences. On the comparison of correlation of medical variables and brain biochemical changes, all participants demonstrated no significant correlations. CONCLUSION Reduced NAA/Cr ratio at the left WMP lobe indicated the dysfunction of neuronal viability in deep white matter, in both MDD and BD patients who shared similarities of brain biochemical abnormalities, which might imply an overlap in neuropathology of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- Department of Science and Education, Guangdong Emergency Hospital, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xueying Ling
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Sirun Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
García-Díaz B, Riquelme R, Varela-Nieto I, Jiménez AJ, de Diego I, Gómez-Conde AI, Matas-Rico E, Aguirre JÁ, Chun J, Pedraza C, Santín LJ, Fernández O, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Estivill-Torrús G. Loss of lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA1 alters oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the mouse cerebral cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:3701-20. [PMID: 25226845 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an intercellular signaling lipid that regulates multiple cellular functions, acting through specific G-protein coupled receptors (LPA(1-6)). Our previous studies using viable Malaga variant maLPA1-null mice demonstrated the requirement of the LPA1 receptor for normal proliferation, differentiation, and survival of the neuronal precursors. In the cerebral cortex LPA1 is expressed extensively in differentiating oligodendrocytes, in parallel with myelination. Although exogenous LPA-induced effects have been investigated in myelinating cells, the in vivo contribution of LPA1 to normal myelination remains to be demonstrated. This study identified a relevant in vivo role for LPA1 as a regulator of cortical myelination. Immunochemical analysis in adult maLPA1-null mice demonstrated a reduction in the steady-state levels of the myelin proteins MBP, PLP/DM20, and CNPase in the cerebral cortex. The myelin defects were confirmed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Stereological analysis limited the defects to adult differentiating oligodendrocytes, without variation in the NG2+ precursor cells. Finally, a possible mechanism involving oligodendrocyte survival was demonstrated by the impaired intracellular transport of the PLP/DM20 myelin protein which was accompanied by cellular loss, suggesting stress-induced apoptosis. These findings describe a previously uncharacterized in vivo functional role for LPA1 in the regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the CNS, underlining the importance of the maLPA1-null mouse as a model for the study of demyelinating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz García-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Investigación, UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Hospital Civil, Pabellón 5, Planta Sótano, Plaza del Hospital Civil s/n, 29009, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Clinical Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Raquel Riquelme
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel de Diego
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Gómez-Conde
- ECAI de Microscopía, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elisa Matas-Rico
- Laboratorio de Investigación, UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Hospital Civil, Pabellón 5, Planta Sótano, Plaza del Hospital Civil s/n, 29009, Málaga, Spain.,Division of Cell Biology I, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José Ángel Aguirre
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana y Educación Físico Deportiva, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Centre, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Oscar Fernández
- Neurology Service, UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Laboratorio de Investigación, UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Hospital Civil, Pabellón 5, Planta Sótano, Plaza del Hospital Civil s/n, 29009, Málaga, Spain. .,ECAI de Microscopía, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sanz-Cortes M, Simoes RV, Bargallo N, Masoller N, Figueras F, Gratacos E. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Assessment of Fetal Brain Metabolism in Late-Onset ‘Small for Gestational Age' versus ‘Intrauterine Growth Restriction' Fetuses. Fetal Diagn Ther 2014; 37:108-16. [DOI: 10.1159/000365102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate brain metabolic differences in small fetuses near term as compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses. Study Design: 71 term small fetuses (estimated fetal weight <10th centile for gestational age with normal umbilical artery Doppler sonography) were subclassified as late intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (n = 50) or small for gestational age (SGA) (n = 21), and compared with 65 AGA fetuses. IUGR was defined by either abnormal middle cerebral artery, abnormal uterine artery Doppler sonography or estimated fetal weight <3rd centile. All participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at 37 weeks of gestation, and single-voxel magnetic resonance spectra were obtained from the frontal lobe on a 3-tesla scanner. N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/choline (Cho), NAA/creatine (Cr) and Cho/Cr ratios were calculated and compared between cases and controls. The association of the metabolic ratios with the study groups was tested. Results: After MRS processing and applying quality control criteria, 31 spectra from late-onset IUGR, 11 from SGA and 30 from AGA fetuses were selected for further analysis. Both SGA and late-onset IUGR fetuses showed significantly reduced NAA/Cho levels when compared to AGA fetuses. This decrease followed a linear trend across the three clinical groups that were considered. Conclusions: Both SGA and late-onset IUGR fetuses showed differences in MRS brain metabolic ratios. The findings suggest that despite near-normal perinatal outcomes, SGA fetuses are not constitutionally small and may represent a form of growth disorder that needs to be clarified.
Collapse
|
27
|
Hoshino H, Kubota M. Canavan disease: clinical features and recent advances in research. Pediatr Int 2014; 56:477-83. [PMID: 24977939 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Canavan disease (CD) is a genetic neurodegenerative leukodystrophy that results in the spongy degeneration of white matter in the brain. CD is characterized by mutations in the gene encoding aspartoacylase (ASPA), the substrate enzyme that hydrolyzes N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA) to acetate and aspartate. Elevated NAA and subsequent deficiency in acetate associated with this disease cause progressive neurological symptoms, such as macrocephaly, visuocognitive dysfunction, and psychomotor delay. The prevalence of CD is higher among Ashkenazi Jewish people, and several types of mutations have been reported in the gene coding ASPA. Highly elevated NAA is more specific to CD than other leukodystrophies, and an examination of urinary NAA concentration is useful for diagnosing CD. Many researchers are now examining the mechanisms responsible for white matter degeneration or dysmyelination in CD using mouse models, and several persuasive hypotheses have been suggested for the pathophysiology of CD. One is that NAA serves as a water pump; consequently, a disorder in NAA catabolism leads to astrocytic edema. Another hypothesis is that the hydrolyzation of NAA in oligodendrocytes is essential for myelin synthesis through the supply of acetate. Although there is currently no curative therapy for CD, dietary supplements are candidates that may retard the progression of the symptoms associated with CD. Furthermore, gene therapies using viral vectors have been investigated using rat models. These therapies have been found to be tolerable with no severe long-term adverse effects, reduce the elevated NAA in the brain, and may be applied to humans in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hoshino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Radlowski EC, Conrad MS, Lezmi S, Dilger RN, Sutton B, Larsen R, Johnson RW. A neonatal piglet model for investigating brain and cognitive development in small for gestational age human infants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91951. [PMID: 24637829 PMCID: PMC3956804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The piglet was investigated as a potential model for studying brain and cognitive deficits associated with being born small for gestational age (SGA). Naturally farrowed SGA (0.7-1.0 kg BW) and average for gestational age (AGA, 1.3-1.6 kg BW) piglets were obtained on postnatal day (PD) 2, placed in individual cages, and provided a nutritionally adequate milk replacer diet (285 ml/kg/d). Beginning at PD14, performance in a spatial T-maze task was assessed. At PD28, piglets were anesthetized for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to assess brain structure (voxel-based morphometry), connectivity (diffusion-tensor imaging) and metabolites in the hippocampus and corpus callosum (proton MR spectroscopy). Piglets born SGA showed compensatory growth such that BW of SGA and AGA piglets was similar (P>0.05), by PD15. Birth weight affected maze performance, with SGA piglets taking longer to reach criterion than AGA piglets (p<0.01). Total brain volume of SGA and AGA piglets was similar (P<0.05), but overall, SGA piglets had less gray matter than AGA piglets (p<0.01) and tended to have a smaller internal capsule (p = 0.07). Group comparisons between SGA and AGA piglets defined 9 areas (≥ 20 clusters) where SGA piglets had less white matter (p<0.01); 2 areas where SGA piglets had more white matter (p<0.01); and 3 areas where SGA piglets had more gray matter (p<0.01). The impact of being born SGA on white matter was supported by a lower (p<0.04) fractional anisotropy value for SGA piglets, suggesting reduced white matter development and connectivity. None of the metabolites measured were different between groups. Collectively, the results show that SGA piglets have spatial learning deficits and abnormal development of white matter. As learning deficits and abnormalities in white matter are common in SGA human infants, the piglet is a tractable translational model that can be used to investigate SGA-associated cognitive deficits and potential interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Radlowski
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Conrad
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stephane Lezmi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brad Sutton
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ryan Larsen
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guidoni L, Ricci-Vitiani L, Rosi A, Palma A, Grande S, Luciani AM, Pelacchi F, di Martino S, Colosimo C, Biffoni M, De Maria R, Pallini R, Viti V. 1H NMR detects different metabolic profiles in glioblastoma stem-like cells. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:129-145. [PMID: 24142746 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic profiles of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) growing in neurospheres were examined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Spectra of two GSC lines, labelled 1 and 83, from tumours close to the subventricular zone of the temporal lobe were studied in detail and compared with those of neural stem/progenitor cells from the adult olfactory bulb (OB-NPCs) and of the T98G glioblastoma cell line. In both GSCs, signals from myoinositol (Myo-I), UDP-hexosamines (UDP-Hex) and glycine indicated an astrocyte/glioma metabolism. For line 1, the presence of signals from N-acetyl aspartate, GABA and creatine pointed to a neuronal fingerprint. These metabolites were almost absent from line 83 spectra, whereas lipid signals, absent from normal neural lineages, were intense in line 83 spectra and remained low in those of line 1, irrespective of apoptotic fate. Spectra of OB-NPC cells displayed strong similarities with those from line 1, with low lipid signals and clearly detectable neuronal signals. In contrast, the spectral profile of line 83 was more similar to that of T98G, displaying high lipids and nearly complete absence of the neuronal markers. A mixed neural-astrocyte metabolic phenotype with a strong neuronal fingerprint was therefore found in line 1, while an astrocytic/glioma-like metabolism prevailed in line 83. We found a signal assigned to the amide proton of N-acetyl galactosamine in GSC lines and in OB-NPC spectra, whereas it was absent from those of T98G cells. This signal may be related to a stem-cell-specific protein glycosylation pattern and is therefore suggested as a marker of cell multipotency. Other GSC lines from patients with different clinical outcomes were then examined. Unsupervised analysis of spectral data from 13 lines yielded two clusters, with six lines resembling spectral features of line 1 and seven resembling those of line 83, suggesting that distinct metabolic phenotypes may be present in GSC lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guidoni
- Department of Technology and Health and INFN Sanità Group, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li J, Tang G, Cheng K, Yang D, Chen G, Liu Z, Zhang R, Zhou J, Fang L, Fang Z, Du X, Xie P. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based metabolomic profiling of a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model of depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:2994-3001. [PMID: 25182291 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mood disorder with various etiopathological hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute of Neuroscience
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ge Tang
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute of Neuroscience
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Deyu Yang
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Institute of Neuroscience
- Chongqing Medical University
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rufang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine
- the Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing
- , China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute of Neuroscience
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiangyu Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute of Neuroscience
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nordengen K, Heuser C, Rinholm JE, Matalon R, Gundersen V. Localisation of N-acetylaspartate in oligodendrocytes/myelin. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 220:899-917. [PMID: 24379086 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of N-acetylaspartate in the brain is unclear. Here we used specific antibodies against N-acetylaspartate and immunocytochemistry of carbodiimide-fixed adult rodent brain to show that, besides staining of neuronal cell bodies in the grey matter, N-acetylaspartate labelling was present in oligodendrocytes/myelin in white matter tracts. Immunoelectron microscopy of the rat hippocampus showed that N-acetylaspartate was concentrated in the myelin. Also neuronal cell bodies and axons contained significant amounts of N-acetylaspartate, while synaptic elements and astrocytes were low in N-acetylaspartate. Mitochondria in axons and neuronal cell bodies contained higher levels of N-acetylaspartate compared to the cytosol, compatible with synthesis of N-acetylaspartate in mitochondria. In aspartoacylase knockout mice, in which catabolism of N-acetylaspartate is blocked, the levels of N-acetylaspartate were largely increased in oligodendrocytes/myelin. In these mice, the highest myelin concentration of N-acetylaspartate was found in the cerebellum, a region showing overt dysmyelination. In organotypic cortical slice cultures there was no evidence for N-acetylaspartate-induced myelin toxicity, supporting the notion that myelin damage is induced by the lack of N-acetylaspartate for lipid production. Our findings also implicate that N-acetylaspartate signals on magnetic resonance spectroscopy reflect not only vital neurons but also vital oligodendrocytes/myelin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Nordengen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1105, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chung YL, El Akabawy G, So PW, Solanky BS, Leach MO, Modo M. Profiling metabolite changes in the neuronal differentiation of human striatal neural stem cells using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuroreport 2013; 24:1035-40. [PMID: 24145773 PMCID: PMC3991110 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been found to play an increasing clinical role in stroke. However, at present, it is not yet possible to noninvasively monitor their differentiation once implanted into the brain. METHODS Here, we describe the use of high-resolution H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to define a metabolite profile of undifferentiated human striatal NSCs from the STROC05 cell line and their differentiation after 3-weeks of treatment with purmorphamine. RESULTS The undifferentiated conditions were characterized by ~95% of cells expressing nestin and ~77% being Ki67(+)ve, indicating that these were still proliferating. Phosphophocholine+glycerophosphocholine (PC+GPC) as well as myo-Inositol (mI) were increased in these cells. PC+GPC and mI were markedly reduced upon differentiation, potentially serving as markers of the NSC state. Upon differentiation (~45% neurons, ~30% astrocytes, ~13% oligodendrocytes), the concentration of many metabolites decreased in absolute value. The decreasing trend of the N-acetyl-aspartate level was observed in differentiated cells when compared with NSCs. An increase in plasmalogen (enriched in myelin sheets) could potentially serve as a marker of oligodendrocytes. CONCLUSION These metabolite characteristics of undifferentiated and differentiated NSCs provide a basis for exploration of their possible use as markers of differentiation after cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Li Chung
- aCancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Surrey Departments of bNeuroscience cNeuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK dDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Menoufia, Menoufia, Egypt eDepartment of Radiology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rae CD. A Guide to the Metabolic Pathways and Function of Metabolites Observed in Human Brain 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectra. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:1-36. [PMID: 24258018 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
34
|
Girard NJ, Chaumoitre K. The brain in the belly: what and how of fetal neuroimaging? J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 36:788-804. [PMID: 22987757 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reviews magnetic resonance imaging in the developing human brain. It focuses on fetal brain imaged in vivo and in utero with complementary sections on abnormalities seen in clinical settings, and on potential of diffusion tensor imaging and of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The main purposes are to illustrate the normal fetal developing brain and its abnormalities commonly encountered in utero, and to emphasize the potential role of adjunct techniques such as diffusion imaging and spectroscopy that may help elucidate fetal brain maturation and its abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine J Girard
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ramm Sander P, Hau P, Koch S, Schütze K, Bogdahn U, Kalbitzer HR, Aigner L. Stem cell metabolic and spectroscopic profiling. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:204-13. [PMID: 23384506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells offer great potential for regenerative medicine because they regenerate damaged tissue by cell replacement and/or by stimulating endogenous repair mechanisms. Although stem cells are defined by their functional properties, such as the potential to proliferate, to self-renew, and to differentiate into specific cell types, their identification based on the expression of specific markers remains vague. Here, profiles of stem cell metabolism might highlight stem cell function more than the expression of single genes/markers. Thus, systematic approaches including spectroscopy might yield insight into stem cell function, identity, and stemness. We review the findings gained by means of metabolic and spectroscopic profiling methodologies, for example, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS), mass spectrometry (MS), and Raman spectroscopy (RS), with a focus on neural stem cells and neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ramm Sander
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Amaral AI, Meisingset TW, Kotter MR, Sonnewald U. Metabolic aspects of neuron-oligodendrocyte-astrocyte interactions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:54. [PMID: 23717302 PMCID: PMC3651962 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas astrocytes have been in the limelight of scientific interest in brain energy metabolism for a while, oligodendrocytes are still waiting for a place on the metabolic stage. We propose to term the interaction of oligodendrocytes with astrocytes and neurons: NOA (neuron-oligodendrocyte-astrocyte) interactions. One of the reasons to find out more about metabolic interactions between oligodendrocytes, neurons, and astrocytes is to establish markers of healthy oligodendrocyte metabolism that could be used for the diagnosis and assessment of white matter disease. The vesicular release of glutamate in the white matter has received considerable attention in the past. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells express glutamate receptors and glutamate toxicity has been implicated in diseases affecting oligodendrocytes such as hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, inflammatory diseases and trauma. As oligodendrocyte precursor cells vividly react to injury it is also important to establish whether cells recruited into damaged areas are able to regenerate lost myelin sheaths or whether astrocytic scarring occurs. It is therefore important to consider metabolic aspects of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes separately. The present review summarizes the limited evidence available on metabolic cycles in oligodendrocytes and so hopes to stimulate further research interests in this important field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Amaral
- Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Tore W. Meisingset
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Mark R. Kotter
- Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Ursula Sonnewald
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
- *Correspondence: Ursula Sonnewald, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PO Box 8905, MTFS, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Girard NJ, Dory-Lautrec P, Koob M, Dediu AM. MRI assessment of neonatal brain maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/iim.12.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Wang Y, Jia Y, Chen X, Ling X, Liu S, Xu G, Huang L. Hippocampal N-acetylaspartate and morning cortisol levels in drug-naive, first-episode patients with major depressive disorder: effects of treatment. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26:1463-70. [PMID: 22706518 DOI: 10.1177/0269881112450781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An excess of glucocorticoids has been associated with hippocampal pathology in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationships between depression, hippocampal structure and function, and cortisol levels are unclear, and the effects of antidepressant treatment on the measures are not well studied. For this study, 26 first-episode, treatment-naive, non-late-life adult depressed patients and 13 healthy controls were enrolled. Subjects underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) to obtain metabolite levels from the bilateral hippocampus. Patients with MDD were treated with serotonergic-noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor duloxetine for 12 weeks. After the 12-week period, all subjects with MDD underwent (1)H MRS again. Morning serum cortisol levels also were measured both before and after antidepressant treatment. Comparison of baseline values indicated that there were no significant differences in any of the metabolite ratios (N-acetyl aspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline (Cho)/Cr) in the bilateral hippocampus. After treatment, NAA/Cr ratios increased significantly in the right hippocampus compared with pre-treatment values. There was no correlation between morning serum cortisol levels and bilateral hippocampal NAA/Cr or Cho/Cr in patients with MDD. These findings suggest that there are unaltered hippocampal metabolites in the early stage of MDD. Antidepressant treatment may affect hippocampal NAA levels in patients with MDD. In addition, the results do not support cortisol-mediated hippocampal neurotoxicity as the major etiological mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Altered development of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: an in vivo proton spectroscopy study. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 72:684-91. [PMID: 22633947 PMCID: PMC3440535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), the most common microdeletion in humans, is associated with multiple medical features, almost universal cognitive deficits, and a high risk of schizophrenia. The metabolic basis of the psychological/psychiatric features is not well understood. Volumetric brain imaging studies have shown that gray matter abnormalities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), an area that is believed to be integral for higher neurocognition, as well as being involved in schizophrenia, are associated with the psychological manifestations. However, studies have not characterized any possible metabolite alterations within the DLPFC of children with 22q11DS and their correlations with the psychological findings. METHODS We conducted a short echo time, single-voxel, in vivo proton spectroscopy study involving children with 22q11DS (n = 26) and matched control subjects (n = 23). RESULTS Absolute N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels from the DLPFC were significantly elevated in children with 22q11DS compared with control subjects and the elevations were associated with poor global functioning and higher rates of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Children with 22q11DS had a lack of an age-associated decrease in NAA levels, a trend seen in the control subjects. However, the results did not remain statistically significant after corrections for multiple comparisons were made. CONCLUSIONS These findings represent the first report of proton spectroscopy in children with 22q11DS. The elevated DLPFC NAA levels and the lack of decreasing trends in NAA with age in the 22q11DS group relative to control subjects suggest an alteration in cortical development. Also, such neuronal dysmaturation is associated with psychopathology in children with 22q11DS.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mailath-Pokorny M, Kasprian G, Mitter C, Schöpf V, Nemec U, Prayer D. Magnetic resonance methods in fetal neurology. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 17:278-84. [PMID: 22749691 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an established clinical adjunct for the in-vivo evaluation of human brain development. Normal fetal brain maturation can be studied with MRI from the 18th week of gestation to term and relies primarily on T2-weighted sequences. Recently diffusion-weighted sequences have gained importance in the structural assessment of the fetal brain. Diffusion-weighted imaging provides quantitative information about water motion and tissue microstructure and has applications for both developmental and destructive brain processes. Advanced magnetic resonance techniques, such as spectroscopy, might be used to demonstrate metabolites that are involved in brain maturation, though their development is still in the early stages. Using fetal MRI in addition to prenatal ultrasound, morphological, metabolic, and functional assessment of the fetus can be achieved. The latter is not only based on observation of fetal movements as an indirect sign of activity of the fetal brain but also on direct visualization of fetal brain activity, adding a new component to fetal neurology. This article provides an overview of the MRI methods used for fetal neurologic evaluation, focusing on normal and abnormal early brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mailath-Pokorny
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xiong WF, Qiu SJ, Wang HZ, Lv XF. 1H-MR spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging of normal-appearing temporal white matter in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after irradiation: initial experience. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 37:101-8. [PMID: 22972703 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect radiation-induced changes of temporal lobe normal-appearing white mater (NAWM) following radiation therapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five H(1)-MR spectroscopy and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) examinations were performed in 55 patients before and after receiving fractionated radiation therapy (total dose; 66-75GY). We divided the dataset into six groups, a pre-RT control group and five other groups based on time after completion of RT. N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA)/choline (Cho), NAA/creatine (Cr), Cho/Cr, mean diffusibility (MD), functional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusibility (λ(⊥)), and axial diffusibility (λ(||)) were calculated. RESULTS NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr decreased and λ(⊥) increased significantly within 1 year after RT compared with pre-RT. After 1 year, NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, and λ(⊥) were not significantly different from pre-RT. In all post-RT groups, FA decreased significantly. λ(||) decreased within 9 months after RT compared with pre-RT, but was not significantly different from pre-RT more than 9 months after RT. CONCLUSION DTI and H(1)-MR spectroscopy can be used to detect early radiation-induced changes of temporal lobe NAWM following radiation therapy for NPC. Metabolic alterations and water diffusion characteristics of temporal lobe NAWM in patients with NPC after RT were dynamic and transient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng Xiong
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang Y, Jia Y, Xu G, Ling X, Liu S, Huang L. Frontal white matter biochemical abnormalities in first-episode, treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Affect Disord 2012; 136:620-6. [PMID: 22129769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous neuroimaging studies found evidence of brain functional and structural abnormalities in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but they rarely excluded compounding effects of some important factors, such as medication and brain degeneration. This study sought to explore the brain biochemical changes of first-episode, treatment-naive, non-late-life adult patients with MDD in the frontal white matter and gray matter by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). METHODS Twenty-four first-episode, treatment-naive, non-late-life adult depressed patients and 13 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Subjects underwent two-dimensional multivoxel 1H MRS at 1.5 T to obtain bilateral metabolite levels from the dorsolateral prefrontal white matter and anterior cingulate gray matter. RESULTS Patients with MDD showed significantly lower N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratios in the left dorsolateral prefrontal white matter, and lower NAA/Cr ratios in the right dorsolateral prefrontal white matter when compared with the control subjects. There were no significant differences in the metabolite ratios in the bilateral anterior cingulate gray matter. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that biochemical abnormalities in prefrontal white matter may occur early in the course of MDD and may be related to the neuropathology of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Holmes GL, Milh MM, Dulac O. Maturation of the human brain and epilepsy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2012; 107:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52898-8.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
45
|
Shigemura T, Kishida S, Eguchi Y, Ohtori S, Nakamura J, Kojima M, Masuda Y, Takahashi K. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the thalamus in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. Bone Joint Res 2012; 1:8-12. [PMID: 23610652 PMCID: PMC3626186 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.11.2000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess N-acetyl aspartate changes
in the thalamus in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip using
proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Methods Nine patients with osteoarthritis of the hip (symptomatic group,
nine women; mean age 61.4 years (48 to 78)) and nine healthy volunteers
(control group, six men, three women; mean age 30.0 years (26 to
38)) underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess
the changes of N-acetyl aspartate in the thalamus. Results The ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine
in the thalamus contralateral to the symptomatic hip in patients
with osteoarthritis of the hip was significantly lower than the
ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine in the
thalamus in the control group (1.611 (range; 1.194-1.882) vs 1.355
(range; 1.043-1.502), p < 0.001). And, a strong negative correlation
was detected between the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine
plus phosphocreatine in the thalamus contralateral to the symptomatic
hip in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and pain duration
(r = -0.83, p = 0.018). Conclusions We evaluated the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus
phosphocreatine in the thalamus of patients with osteoarthritis
of the hip by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We concluded
that the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine
in the thalamus contralateral to the symptomatic hip in patients
with osteoarthritis of the hip were significantly lower than those
in the thalamus of the control group, and that pain duration was
strongly related to the decrease of the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate
to creatine plus phosphocreatine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Shigemura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shigemura T, Kishida S, Eguchi Y, Ohtori S, Nakamura J, Kojima M, Masuda Y, Takahashi K. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the thalamus in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. Bone Joint Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.1.1.2000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess N-acetyl aspartate changes in the thalamus in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Methods Nine patients with osteoarthritis of the hip (symptomatic group, nine women; mean age 61.4 years (48 to 78)) and nine healthy volunteers (control group, six men, three women; mean age 30.0 years (26 to 38)) underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess the changes of N-acetyl aspartate in the thalamus. Results The ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine in the thalamus contralateral to the symptomatic hip in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip was significantly lower than the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine in the thalamus in the control group (1.611 (1.194 to 1.882) vs 1.355 (1.043 to 1.502), p < 0.001). And, a strong negative correlation was detected between the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine in the thalamus contralateral to the symptomatic hip in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and pain duration (r = -0.83, p = 0.018). Conclusions We evaluated the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine in the thalamus of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We concluded that the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine in the thalamus contralateral to the symptomatic hip in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip were significantly lower than those in the thalamus of the control group, and that pain duration was strongly related to the decrease of the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Shigemura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - S. Kishida
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Y. Eguchi
- Matsudo City Hospital, 4005
Kamihongo, Matsudo, 271-8511, Japan
| | - S. Ohtori
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - J. Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - M. Kojima
- Chiba University Hospital, Department
of Radiology, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Y. Masuda
- Chiba University Hospital, Department
of Radiology, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - K. Takahashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shah T, Jayasundar R, Singh VP, Sarkar C. MRS characterization of central neurocytomas using glycine. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:1408-1413. [PMID: 21465595 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study reports in vivo MRS findings in 11 patients with histologically diagnosed central neurocytomas, which are rare intraventricular tumors of neuronal origin. Single-voxel (1)H MRS was carried out prior to surgery using a point-resolved spectroscopy sequence with TR=6 s, TE=135 ms and 128 scans. In vitro high-resolution (1)H spectroscopy was also carried out on two surgically excised samples. The striking features of the spectra from the central neurocytomas were the presence of high glycine, decreased N-acetylaspartate, increased choline and alanine. Retrospective, blind analysis of the spectra by two independent observers correctly identified all but one central neurocytoma based on the presence of glycine. The presence of glycine and prominent choline in the (1)H MR spectrum is a characteristic feature of the central neurocytomas, and could be used to characterize and differentiate them from other brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Shah
- Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Story L, Damodaram MS, Allsop JM, McGuinness A, Patel A, Wylezinska M, Hagberg H, Kumar S, Rutherford MA. Brain metabolism in fetal intrauterine growth restriction: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205:483.e1-8. [PMID: 21861969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate alterations in brain metabolism in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and evidence of cerebral redistribution of blood flow. STUDY DESIGN Biometry and Doppler assessment of blood flow was assessed with ultrasound in 28 fetuses with IUGR and cerebral redistribution and in 41 appropriately grown control subjects. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the fetal brain was then performed to determine the presence of choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and lactate and to generate ratios for NAA:Cho, NAA:Cr, and Cho:Cr. RESULTS Sixty-five percent of spectra were interpretable: N-acetylaspartate, choline, and creatine peaks were identified in all these spectra; lactate was present in 5 IUGR fetuses and in 3 appropriately grown fetuses. NAA:Cr and NAA:Cho ratios were significantly lower in IUGR fetuses with cerebral redistribution. CONCLUSION Cerebral redistribution is associated with altered brain metabolism that is evidenced by a reduction in NAA:Cho and NAA:Cr ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Story
- Robert Steiner MRI Unit, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Izbudak I, Grant PE. MR Imaging of the Term and Preterm Neonate with Diffuse Brain Injury. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2011; 19:709-31; vii. [PMID: 22082734 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izlem Izbudak
- Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Phipps B-126-B, Baltimore, MD 21287-0842, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|