Butoi ED, Gan AM, Manduteanu I, Stan D, Calin M, Pirvulescu M, Koenen RR, Weber C, Simionescu M. Cross talk between smooth muscle cells and monocytes/activated monocytes via CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis augments expression of pro-atherogenic molecules.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011;
1813:2026-35. [PMID:
21888931 DOI:
10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.08.009]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
In atherosclerotic lesions, fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor (CX3CR1) expressed by smooth muscle cells (SMC) and monocytes/macrophages, mediate the heterotypic anchorage and chemotaxis of these cells. We questioned whether, during the close interaction of monocytes with SMC, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 pair modulates the expression of pro-atherogenic molecules in these cells.
METHODS AND RESULTS
SMC were co-cultured with monocytes or LPS-activated monocytes (18h) and then the cells were separated and individually investigated for the gene and protein expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, CX3CR1 and metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9). We found that SMC-monocyte interaction induced, in each cell type, an increased mRNA and protein expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, CX3CR1, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Blocking the binding of fractalkine to CX3CR1 (by pre-incubation of monocytes with anti-CX3CR1 or by CX3CR1 siRNA transfection) before cell co-culture decreased the production of TNFα, CX3CR1 and MMP-9. Monocyte-SMC interaction induced the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and activation of AP-1 transcription factor. Silencing the p65 (NF-kB subunit) inhibited the IL-1β and IL-6 and silencing c-jun inhibited the TNFα, CX3CR1 and MMP-9 induced by SMC-monocyte interaction.
CONCLUSIONS
The cross-talk between SMC and monocytes augments the inflammatory response in both cell types as revealed by the increased expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, CX3CR1 and MMPs. Up-regulation of TNFα, CX3CR1 and MMP-9 is further increased upon interaction of SMC with activated monocytes and is dependent on fractalkine/CXRCR1 pair. These data imply that the fractalkine/CX3RCR1 axis may represent a therapeutic target to impede the inflammatory process associated with atherosclerosis.
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