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Shi P, Chen W, Lyu X, Wang Z, Li W, Jia F, Zheng C, Liu T, Wang C, Zhang Y, Mi Z, Sun Y, Chen X, Chen S, Zhou G, Liu Y, Lin Y, Bai F, Sun Q, Ogese MO, Yu Q, Liu J, Liu H, Zhang F. Loss-of-function mutations in Keratin 32 gene disrupt skin immune homeostasis in pityriasis rubra pilaris. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6259. [PMID: 39048559 PMCID: PMC11269665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is an inflammatory papulosquamous dermatosis, characterized by hyperkeratotic follicular papules and erythematous desquamative plaques. The precise pathogenic mechanism underlying PRP remains incompletely understood. Herein, we conduct a case-control study involving a cohort of 102 patients with sporadic PRP and 800 healthy controls of Han Chinese population and identify significant associations (P = 1.73 × 10-6) between PRP and heterozygous mutations in the Keratin 32 gene (KRT32). KRT32 is found to be predominantly localized in basal keratinocytes and exhibits an inhibitory effect on skin inflammation by antagonizing the NF-κB pathway. Mechanistically, KRT32 binds to NEMO, promoting excessive K48-linked polyubiquitination and NEMO degradation, which hinders IKK complex formation. Conversely, loss-of-function mutations in KRT32 among PRP patients result in NF-κB hyperactivation. Importantly, Krt32 knockout mice exhibit a PRP-like dermatitis phenotype, suggesting compromised anti-inflammatory function of keratinocytes in response to external pro-inflammatory stimuli. This study proposes a role for KRT32 in regulating inflammatory immune responses, with damaging variants in KRT32 being an important driver in PRP development. These findings offer insights into the regulation of skin immune homeostasis by keratin and open up the possibility of using KRT32 as a therapeutic target for PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidian Shi
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxing Lyu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengming Jia
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunzhi Zheng
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zihao Mi
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuechao Chen
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guizhi Zhou
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingjie Lin
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Monday O Ogese
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qiang Yu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Furen Zhang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Zhang H, Raymundo JR, Daly KE, Zhu W, Senapati B, Zhong H, Ahilan AR, Marneros AG. AP-2α/AP-2β Transcription Factors Are Key Regulators of Epidermal Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1505-1521.e12. [PMID: 38237728 PMCID: PMC11193656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
AP-2 transcription factors regulate ectodermal development, but their roles in epidermal homeostasis in adult skin are unknown. We find that AP-2α is the predominant AP-2 family member in adult epidermis, followed by AP-2β. Through inactivation of AP-2α, AP-2β, or both in keratinocytes, we assessed the effects of a gradient of epidermal AP-2 activity on skin function. We find that (i) loss of AP-2β in keratinocytes is compensated for by AP-2α, (ii) loss of AP-2α impairs terminal keratinocyte differentiation and hair morphogenesis, and (iii) the combined loss of AP-2α/AP-2β results in more severe skin and hair abnormalities. Keratinocyte differentiation defects precede progressive neutrophilic skin inflammation. Inducible inactivation of AP-2α/AP-2β in the adult phenocopies these manifestations. Transcriptomic analyses of epidermis lacking AP-2α or AP-2α/AP-2β in keratinocytes demonstrate a terminal keratinocyte differentiation defect with upregulation of alarmin keratins and of several immune pathway regulators. Moreover, our analyses suggest a key role of reduced AP-2α-dependent gene expression of CXCL14 and the keratin 15 gene K15 as an early pathogenic event toward the manifestation of skin inflammation. Thus, AP-2α and AP-2β are critical regulators of epidermal homeostasis in adult skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jackelyn R Raymundo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen E Daly
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univeristy, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bill Senapati
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanyu Zhong
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arjun R Ahilan
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander G Marneros
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
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Reeder TL, Zarlenga DS, Dyer RM. Molecular evidence sterile tissue damage during pathogenesis of pododermatitis aseptica hemorrhagica circumscripta is associated with disturbed epidermal-dermal homeostasis. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00842-7. [PMID: 38825113 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Podermatitis aseptica hemorrhagica circumscripta is associated with metalloproteinase 2 weakening of distal phalangeal suspensory structures and sinkage of the distal phalanx in the claw capsule. Pressure from the tuberculum flexorium on the sole epidermis and dermis produces hemorrhagic tissue injury and defective horn production appearing as yellow-red, softened claw horn in region 4 of the sole. A model of the MAPK/ERK signal cascade orchestrating epidermal-dermal homeostasis was employed to determine if sterile inflammatory responses are linked to disturbed signal transduction for epidermal homeostasis in sole epidermis and dermis. The objective was to assess shifts in target genes of inflammation, up- and downstream MAPK/ERK signal elements, and targeted genes supporting epidermal proliferation and differentiation. Sole epidermis and dermis was removed from lateral claws bearing lesions of podermatitis aseptica hemorrhagica circumscripta, medial claws from the same limb and lateral claws from completely normal limbs of multiparous, lactating Holstein cows. The abundance levels of targeted transcripts were evaluated by real-time QPCR. Lesion effects were assessed by ANOVA, and mean comparisons were performed with t-tests to assess variations between mean expression in ulcer-bearing or medial claw dermis and epidermis and completely normal lateral claw dermis and epidermis or between ulcer-bearing dermis and epidermis and medial claw dermis and epidermis. The lesions were sterile and showed losses across multiple growth factors, their receptors, several downstream AP1 transcription components, CMYC, multiple cell cycle and terminal differentiation elements conducted by MAPK/ERK signals and β 4, α 6 and collagen 17A hemidesmosome components. These losses coincided with increased cytokeratin 6, β 1 integrin, proinflammatory metalloproteinases 2 and 9, IL1B and physiologic inhibitors of IL1B, the decoy receptor and receptor antagonist. Medial claw epidermis and dermis from limbs with lateral claws bearing podermatitis aseptica hemorrhagica circumscripta showed reductions in upstream MAPK/ERK signal elements and downstream targets that paralleled those in hemorrhagic lesions. Inhibitors of IL1B increased in the absence of real increases in inflammatory targets in the medial claw dermis and epidermis. Losses across multiple signal path elements and downstream targets were associated with negative effects on targeted transcripts supporting claw horn production and wound repair across lesion-bearing lateral claws and lesion-free medial claw dermis and epidermis. It was unclear if the sterile inflammation was causative or a consequence of these perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Reeder
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19717-1303
| | - D S Zarlenga
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - R M Dyer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19717-1303.
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Reeder TL, Zarlenga DS, Zeigler AL, Dyer RM. Transcriptional responses consistent with perturbation in dermo-epidermal homeostasis in septic sole ulceration. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00843-9. [PMID: 38825108 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate transcriptional changes in sole epidermis and dermis of bovine claws with septic sole ulceration of the lateral claw. Assessment included changes in transcripts orchestrating epidermal homeostatic processes including epidermal proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and cell signaling. Sole epidermis and dermis was removed from region 4 of lesion-bearing lateral and lesion-free medial claws of pelvic limbs in multiparous, lactating Holstein cows. Control sole epidermis and dermis was obtained from region 4 of lateral claws of normal pelvic limbs. Transcript abundances were evaluated by real-time QPCR and relative expression analyzed by ANOVA. Relative to normal lateral claws, sole epidermis and dermis in ulcer-bearing claws exhibited downregulation of genes associated with growth factors, growth factor receptors, activator protein 1 (AP-1) and proto-oncogene (CMYC) transcription components, cell cycle elements, lateral cell-to-cell signaling elements and structures of early and late keratinocyte differentiation. These changes were accompanied by upregulation of pro-inflammatory transcripts interleukin 1 α (IL1A), interleukin1 β (IL1B), interleukin 1 receptor 1 (IL1R1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), the inflammasome components NOD like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), pyrin and caspase recruitment domain (PYCARD), and caspase-1 interleukin converting enzyme (CASPASE), the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), and anti-inflammatory genes interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) and interleukin1 receptor 2 (IL1R2). Transcript abundance varied across epidermis and dermis from the ulcer center, margin and epidermis and dermis adjacent to the lesion. Sole epidermis and dermis of lesion-free medial claws exhibited changes paralleling those in the adjacent lateral claws in an environment lacking inflammatory transcripts and downregulated IL1A, interleukin 18 (IL18), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFA) and NOS2. These data imply perturbations in signal pathways driving epidermal proliferation and differentiation are associated with, but not inevitably linked to epidermis and dermis inflammation. Further work is warranted to better define the role of crushing tissue injury, sepsis, metalloproteinase activity, and inflammation in sole ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Reeder
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303
| | - D S Zarlenga
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - A L Zeigler
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - R M Dyer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303.
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Rangel-Coelho JP, Gogolla PV, Meyer MD, Simão LC, Costa BC, Casarin RCV, Santamaria MP, Teixeira LN, Peruzzo DC, Lisboa-Filho PN, Nociti-Jr FH, Kantovitz KR. Titanium dioxide nanotubes applied to conventional glass ionomer cement influence the expression of immunoinflammatory markers: An in vitro study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30834. [PMID: 38784540 PMCID: PMC11112319 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the impact of different concentrations TiO2-nt incorporated into a glass ionomer cement on the proliferation, mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production of cultured fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), whether or not stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS-2 μg/mL, 24 h). Methods TiO2-nt was added to KM (Ketac Molar EasyMix™, 3 %, 5 %, 7 % in weight); unblended KM was used as the control. The analyses included: Cell proliferation assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Mitochondrial metabolism assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Confocal laser microscopy (n = 3; 24/48/72h); Determination of biomarkers (IL-1β/IL-6/IL-10/VEGF/TNF) by using both multiplex technology (n = 6; 12/18 h) and the quantitative real-time PCR assay (q-PCR) (n = 3, 24/72/120 h). The data underwent analysis using both the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, and by generalized linear models (α = 0.05). Results It demonstrated that cell proliferation increased over time, regardless of the presence of TiO2-nt or LPS, and displayed a significant increase at 72 h; mitochondrial metabolism increased (p < 0.05), irrespective of exposure to LPS (p = 0.937); no cell morphology changes were observed; TiO2-nt reverted the impact of KM on the secreted levels of the evaluated proteins and the gene expressions in the presence of LPS (p < 0.0001). Conclusions TiO2-nt did not adversely affect the biological behavior of fibroblastic cells cultured on GIC discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rangel-Coelho
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Pedro Viel Gogolla
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Maria Davoli Meyer
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Lucas Carvalho Simão
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carolina Costa
- Department of Physics, School of Science, State University Júlio de Mesquita (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube 2085, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Renato Côrrea Viana Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), Av. Limeira 901, Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Novaes Teixeira
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Peruzzo
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho
- Department of Physics, School of Science, State University Júlio de Mesquita (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube 2085, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti-Jr
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute - ADASRI, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Group, Innovation and Technology Research, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
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Li L, Zhang J, Cheng W, Di F, Wang C, An Q. Saponins of Paris polyphylla for the Improvement of Acne: Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Effects. Molecules 2024; 29:1793. [PMID: 38675613 PMCID: PMC11052371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a recurring nature that seriously impacts patients' quality of life. Currently, antibiotic resistance has made it less effective in treating acne. However, Paris polyphylla (P. polyphylla) is a valuable medicinal plant with a wide range of chemical components. Of these, P. polyphylla saponins modulate the effects in vivo and in vitro through antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. Acne is primarily associated with inflammatory reactions, abnormal sebum function, micro-ecological disorders, hair follicle hyperkeratosis, and, in some patients, immune function. Therefore, the role of P. polyphylla saponins and their values in treating acne is worthy of investigation. Overall, this review first describes the distribution and characteristics of P. polyphylla and the pathogenesis of acne. Then, the potential mechanisms of P. polyphylla saponins in treating acne are listed in detail (reduction in the inflammatory response, antibacterial action, modulation of immune response and antioxidant effects, etc.). In addition, a brief description of the chemical composition of P. polyphylla saponins and its available extraction methods are described. We hope this review can serve as a quick and detailed reference for future studies on their potential acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Li
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feiqian Di
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Changtao Wang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Quan An
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, China;
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Wang TH, Shen YW, Chen HY, Chen CC, Lin NC, Shih YH, Hsia SM, Chiu KC, Shieh TM. Arecoline Induces ROS Accumulation, Transcription of Proinflammatory Factors, and Expression of KRT6 in Oral Epithelial Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:412. [PMID: 38398015 PMCID: PMC10887121 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Areca nut is a major contributor to the high prevalence of oral cancer in Asia. The precise mechanisms by which areca nut stimulates mucosal cells and contributes to the progression of oral cancer urgently require clarification. The current study aimed to assess the effects of arecoline on the normal human gingival epithelium cell line S-G. Cell viability, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein expression, cellular morphology, and gene expression were evaluated using the MTT test, flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, optical or confocal microscopy, and RT-qPCR. Keratin (KRT6) analysis involved matched normal and cancer tissues from clinical head and neck specimens. The results demonstrated that 12.5 µg/mL of arecoline induced ROS production, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in S-G cells. This activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway increased KRT6 expression while limiting cell migration. In head and neck cancer tissues, KRT6B gene expression exceeded that of normal tissues. This study confirms that arecoline induces ROS accumulation in normal cells, leading to the secretion of proinflammatory factors and KRT6 expression. This impedes oral mucosal healing, thereby promoting the progression of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hong Wang
- Biobank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Shen
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Chen
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chin Lin
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505029, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500011, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chou Chiu
- Division of General Dentistry, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411228, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
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8
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Zhu ZB, Liu MJ, Wang J, Shu Z, Cao J. Secoemestrin C Ameliorates Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in Mice by Suppressing the TNF-α/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:232-240. [PMID: 38393530 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secoemestrin C (SC), an epitetrathiodioxopiperazine isolated from Aspergillus nidulans, has been previously reported to have immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects against acute autoimmune hepatitis. However, the effect of SC on regulating the inflammation and its underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SC on inflammatory dermatosis both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In vitro, HaCaT cells were induced with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, 10 ng/mL) to establish an inflammatory injury model, and the expression of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway components was measured using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. An in vivo mouse model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation was used to evaluate the effectiveness of SC in alleviating psoriasis. RESULTS SC significantly blocked the activation of NF-κB signaling in TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells. In addition, systemic and local administration of SC improved psoriatic dermatitis in the IMQ-induced mouse model. SC reduced skin scale and significantly inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors in skin lesions. CONCLUSION The protective effect of SC against psoriatic-associated inflammation reveals its potential therapeutic value for treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610044, China
| | - Meng-Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610044, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhou Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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9
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Michalak-Micka K, Tenini C, Böttcher-Haberzeth S, Mazzone L, Pontiggia L, Klar AS, Moehrlen U, Biedermann T. The expression pattern of cytokeratin 6a in epithelial cells of different origin in dermo-epidermal skin substitutes in vivo. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300246. [PMID: 37766482 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes are the predominant cell type of skin epidermis. Through the programmed process of differentiation, they form a cornified envelope that provides a physical protective barrier against harmful external environment. Keratins are major structural proteins of keratinocytes that together with actin filaments and microtubules form the cytoskeleton of these cells. In this study, we examined the expression pattern and distribution of cytokeratin 6a (CK6a) in healthy human skin samples of different body locations, in fetal and scar skin samples, as well as in dermo-epidermal skin substitutes (DESSs). We observed that CK6a expression is significantly upregulated in fetal skin and scar tissue as well as in skin grafts after short-term transplantation. Importantly, the abundance of CK6a corresponds directly to the expression pattern of wound healing marker CK16. We postulate that CK6a is a useful marker to accurately evaluate the homeostatic state of DESSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Michalak-Micka
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Celina Tenini
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Böttcher-Haberzeth
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Mazzone
- Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Spina Bifida Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- The Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Pontiggia
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnes S Klar
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Spina Bifida Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- The Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Morizane S, Mukai T, Sunagawa K, Tachibana K, Kawakami Y, Ouchida M. "Input/output cytokines" in epidermal keratinocytes and the involvement in inflammatory skin diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239598. [PMID: 37881433 PMCID: PMC10597658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the role of epidermal keratinocytes, they occupy more than 90% of the epidermis, form a physical barrier, and also function as innate immune barrier. For example, epidermal keratinocytes are capable of recognizing various cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and producing a wide variety of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides. Previous basic studies have shown that the immune response of epidermal keratinocytes has a significant impact on inflammatory skin diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide foundation of knowledge on the cytokines which are recognized or produced by epidermal keratinocytes. Since a number of biologics for skin diseases have appeared, it is necessary to fully understand the relationship between epidermal keratinocytes and the cytokines. In this review, the cytokines recognized by epidermal keratinocytes are specifically introduced as "input cytokines", and the produced cytokines as "output cytokines". Furthermore, we also refer to the existence of biologics against those input and output cytokines, and the target skin diseases. These use results demonstrate how important targeted cytokines are in real skin diseases, and enhance our understanding of the cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Morizane
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mukai
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ko Sunagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kota Tachibana
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kawakami
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ouchida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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11
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Kuang LW, Zhang CC, Li BH, Liu HZ, Wang H, Li GC. Identification of the MALAT1/miR-106a-5p/ZNF148 feedback loop in regulating HaCaT cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Regen Med 2023; 18:239-258. [PMID: 36710662 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aims to investigate the function of positive feedback loops involving noncoding RNA in diabetic wound healing. Methods: We developed a mouse diabetic wound model to confirm that hyperglycemia can impair wound healing. We also used an in vitro keratinocyte model in high-glucose conditions to investigate the mechanism of delayed wound healing. Results: MALAT1 was decreased in diabetic mouse wound tissue and can promote keratinocyte biological functions. MALAT1 could bind to miR-106a-5p to modulate the expression of ZNF148, a target gene of miR-106a-5p. Surprisingly, ZNF148 bound to a region in the MALAT1 promoter to stimulate gene expression. Conclusion: ZNF148-activated MALAT1 increases ZNF148 expression by competitively binding miR-106a-3p, generating a positive feedback loop that enhances keratinocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Kuang
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, PR China
| | - Chen-Chen Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, PR China
| | - Bing-Hui Li
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, PR China
| | - Hui-Zhen Liu
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, PR China
| | - Gong-Chi Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, PR China
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12
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Laky K, Kinard JL, Li JM, Moore IN, Lack J, Fischer ER, Kabat J, Latanich R, Zachos NC, Limkar AR, Weissler KA, Thompson RW, Wynn TA, Dietz HC, Guerrerio AL, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA. Epithelial-intrinsic defects in TGFβR signaling drive local allergic inflammation manifesting as eosinophilic esophagitis. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabp9940. [PMID: 36608150 PMCID: PMC10106118 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abp9940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are a global health challenge. Individuals harboring loss-of-function variants in transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGFβR) genes have an increased prevalence of allergic disorders, including eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergic diseases typically localize to mucosal barriers, implicating epithelial dysfunction as a cardinal feature of allergic disease. Here, we describe an essential role for TGFβ in the control of tissue-specific immune homeostasis that provides mechanistic insight into these clinical associations. Mice expressing a TGFβR1 loss-of-function variant identified in atopic patients spontaneously develop disease that clinically, immunologically, histologically, and transcriptionally recapitulates eosinophilic esophagitis. In vivo and in vitro, TGFβR1 variant-expressing epithelial cells are hyperproliferative, fail to differentiate properly, and overexpress innate proinflammatory mediators, which persist in the absence of lymphocytes or external allergens. Together, our results support the concept that TGFβ plays a fundamental, nonredundant, epithelial cell-intrinsic role in controlling tissue-specific allergic inflammation that is independent of its role in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Laky
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jessica L Kinard
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jenny Min Li
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ian N Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin Lack
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Fischer
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rachel Latanich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ajinkya R Limkar
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine A Weissler
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert W Thompson
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harry C Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Anthony L Guerrerio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Pamela A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Anker AM, Lenhard J, Klein SM, Felthaus O, Prantl L, Ruewe M. Standard doses of Triamcinolone do not affect fibroblast cell migration of abdominoplasty patients in-vitro1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 85:307-314. [PMID: 36502314 DOI: 10.3233/ch-229106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that local application of corticosteroids reduces wound exudation following abdominoplasty and other reconstructive surgical procedures. On the other hand, corticosteroids might provoke wound healing disturbances due to their immunosuppressive effects. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to gain further information about the impact of the corticosteroid triamcinolone on cell migration in abdominoplasty patients. METHODS An in-vitro scratch assay wound healing model was applied to observe cell migration of fibroblasts cultured with nutrient medium containing human seroma aspirate±triamcinolone. RESULTS There were no significant differences regarding cell migration when fibroblasts were incubated with triamcinolone + seroma containing culture medium compared to seroma containing culture medium without triamcinolone. CONCLUSIONS The performed in-vitro study suggests that triamcinolone does not decelerate fibroblast cell migration which is considered as a surrogate of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Anker
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg and Caritas Hospital St. Josef Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Lenhard
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg and Caritas Hospital St. Josef Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvan M Klein
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg and Caritas Hospital St. Josef Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Felthaus
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg and Caritas Hospital St. Josef Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg and Caritas Hospital St. Josef Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marc Ruewe
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg and Caritas Hospital St. Josef Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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14
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Mykhaliuk VV, Havryliak VV, Salyha YT. The Role of Cytokeratins in Ensuring the Basic Cellular Functions and in Dignosis of Disorders. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722060093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zajdel K, Kucharska E, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel R. The Modulatory Influence of Plant-Derived Compounds on Human Keratinocyte Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12488. [PMID: 34830374 PMCID: PMC8618348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom is a rich source of secondary metabolites with numerous properties, including the potential to modify keratinocyte biology. Keratinocytes are important epithelial cells that play a protective role against various chemical, physical and biological stimuli, and participate in reactive oxygen scavenging and inflammation and wound healing processes. The epidermal cell response may be modulated by phytochemicals via changes in signal transduction pathways. Plant extracts and single secondary compounds can possess a high antioxidant capacity and may suppress reactive oxygen species release, inhibit pro-apoptotic proteins and apoptosis and activate antioxidant enzymes in keratinocytes. Moreover, selected plant extracts and single compounds also exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and exposure may result in limited production of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in keratinocytes. In addition, plant extracts and single compounds may promote keratinocyte motility and proliferation via the regulation of growth factor production and enhance wound healing. While such plant compounds may modulate keratinocyte functions, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed on their mechanisms of action, and more specific toxicity and clinical studies are needed to ensure their effectiveness and safety for use on human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Chair of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Social Work at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Ignatianum Academy in Cracow, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
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16
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Belzberg M, Alphonse MP, Brown I, Williams KA, Khanna R, Ho B, Wongvibulsin S, Pritchard T, Roh YS, Sutaria N, Choi J, Jedrych J, Johnston AD, Sarkar K, Vasavda C, Meixiong J, Dillen C, Bondesgaard K, Paolini JF, Chen W, Corcoran D, Devos N, Kwatra MM, Chien AL, Archer NK, Garza LA, Dong X, Kang S, Kwatra SG. Prurigo Nodularis Is Characterized by Systemic and Cutaneous T Helper 22 Immune Polarization. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2208-2218.e14. [PMID: 33771530 PMCID: PMC8384659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prurigo nodularis (PN) is an understudied, chronic inflammatory skin disease that disproportionately affects African Americans and presents with intensely pruritic nodules of unknown etiology. To better characterize the immune dysregulation in PN, PBMCs and skin biopsies were obtained from patients with PN and healthy subjects (majority African American) matched by age, race, and sex. Flow cytometric analysis of functional T-cell response comparing patients with PN with healthy subjects identified increased γδT cells (CD3+CD4-CD8-γδTCR+) and Vδ2+ γδT enrichment. Activated T cells demonstrated uniquely increased IL-22 cytokine expression in patients with PN compared with healthy controls. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were identified as the source of increased circulating IL-22. Consistent with these findings, RNA sequencing of lesional PN skin compared with nonlesional PN skin and biopsy site‒matched control skin demonstrated robust upregulation of T helper (Th) 22‒related genes and signaling networks implicated in impaired epidermal differentiation. Th22‒related cytokine upregulation remained significant, with stratifications by race and biopsy site. Importantly, the expression of the IL-22 receptors IL22RA1 and IL22RA2 was significantly elevated in lesional PN skin. These results indicate that both systemic and cutaneous immune responses in patients with PN are skewed toward a Th22/IL-22 profile. PN may benefit from immunomodulatory therapies directed at Th22‒mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Belzberg
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Prince Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabelle Brown
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyle A Williams
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raveena Khanna
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Byron Ho
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shannon Wongvibulsin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Pritchard
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Youkyung Sophie Roh
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nishadh Sutaria
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin Choi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Jedrych
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnston
- Center for Epigenomics and Department of Genetics (Division of Genomics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kakali Sarkar
- Genetic Resources Core Facility, McKusick- Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chirag Vasavda
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jimmy Meixiong
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carly Dillen
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - John F Paolini
- Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Corp., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Corcoran
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicolas Devos
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Madan M Kwatra
- Duke Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna L Chien
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis A Garza
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sewon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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17
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Lorea-Hernández JJ, Camacho-Hernández NP, Peña-Ortega F. Interleukin 1-beta but not the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist modulates inspiratory rhythm generation in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2020; 734:134934. [PMID: 32259558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) is a cytokine that modulates breathing when applied systemically or directly into the brain. IL-1β is expressed, along with its receptors, in IL-1β-sensitive respiratory-related circuits, which likely include the inspiratory rhythm generator (the preBötzinger complex, preBötC). Thus, considering that IL-1β might directly modulate preBötC function, we tested whether IL-1β and its endogenous antagonist IL1Ra modulate inspiratory rhythm generation in the brainstem slice preparation containing the preBötC. We found that IL-1β reduces, in a concentration-dependent manner, the amplitude of the fictive inspiratory rhythm generated by the preBötC, which is prevented by IL1Ra. Only a negligible effect on the rhythm frequency was observed at one of the concentrations tested (10 ng/mL). In sum, these findings indicate that IL-1β modulates respiratory rhythm generation. In contrast, IL1Ra did not produce a major effect but slightly increased burst amplitude regularity of the fictive respiratory rhythm. Our findings show that IL-1β modulates breathing by directly modulating the inspiratory rhythm generation. This modulation could contribute to the respiratory response to inflammation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Julio Lorea-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro, 76230, México
| | - Neira Polet Camacho-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro, 76230, México
| | - Fernando Peña-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro, 76230, México.
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18
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Apprich V, Licka T, Freiler S, Gabriel C. Equine Hoof Canker: Bovine Papillomavirus Infection Is Not Associated With Impaired Keratinocyte Differentiation. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:525-534. [PMID: 32347169 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820921820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Impaired keratinocyte differentiation has recently been suggested as a key event in equine hoof canker development. Koilocytotic appearance of keratinocytes, one of the most characteristic morphological alterations in hoof canker tissue, is also a common marker for papillomavirus (PV) infection, and bovine PV-1 and/or -2 (BPV-1/2) has previously been detected in equine canker patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to correlate the frequency and severity of koilocytotic keratinocytes with BPV detection in hoof canker samples. Hoof tissue of 5/18 canker-affected horses and 2/6 control horses tested positive for BPV-1/2 DNA using polymerase chain reaction. Thus, no association between the presence of BPV-1/2 papillomaviral DNA and koilocytotic appearance was found. Proteins associated with but not specific for PV infection were also investigated. Using immunohistochemistry, specific adhesion molecules (E-cadherin and β-catenin) and intermediate filaments (keratins 6 and 14) important for intact epidermal barrier function and keratinocyte differentiation were documented in control samples (n = 6) and in hoof canker tissue samples (n = 19). Altered expression patterns of intermediate filaments and adhesion molecules were demonstrated in canker tissue, confirming the importance of incomplete keratinocyte differentiation, as well as the crucial role of keratinocyte differentiation in hoof canker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresia Licka
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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Rigoni R, Fontana E, Dobbs K, Marrella V, Taverniti V, Maina V, Facoetti A, D'Amico G, Al-Herz W, Cruz-Munoz ME, Schuetz C, Gennery AR, Garabedian EK, Giliani S, Draper D, Dbaibo G, Geha RS, Meyts I, Tousseyn T, Neven B, Moshous D, Fischer A, Schulz A, Finocchi A, Kuhns DB, Fink DL, Lionakis MS, Swamydas M, Guglielmetti S, Alejo J, Myles IA, Pittaluga S, Notarangelo LD, Villa A, Cassani B. Cutaneous barrier leakage and gut inflammation drive skin disease in Omenn syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1165-1179.e11. [PMID: 32311393 PMCID: PMC7649331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe early-onset erythroderma and gut inflammation, with massive tissue infiltration of oligoclonal activated T cells are the hallmark of Omenn syndrome (OS). Objective The impact of altered gut homeostasis in the cutaneous manifestations of OS remains to be clarified. Methods We analyzed a cohort of 15 patients with OS and the 129Sv/C57BL/6 knock-in Rag2R229Q/R229Q (Rag2R229Q) mouse model. Homing phenotypes of circulating lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were examined in the sera by ELISA and in skin biopsies by immunohistochemistry and in situ RNA hybridization. Experimental colitis was induced in mice by dextran sulfate sodium salt. Results We show that memory/activated T cells from patients with OS and from the Rag2R229Q mouse model of OS abundantly express the skin homing receptors cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen and CCR4 (Ccr4), associated with high levels of chemokine C-C motif ligands 17 and 22. Serum levels of LPS are also elevated. A broad Th1/Th2/Th17 inflammatory signature is detected in the periphery and in the skin. Increased Tlr4 expression in the skin of Rag2R229Q mice is associated with enhanced cutaneous inflammation on local and systemic administration of LPS. Likewise, boosting colitis in Rag2R229Q mice results in increased frequency of Ccr4+ splenic T cells and worsening of skin inflammation, as indicated by epidermal thickening, enhanced epithelial cell activation, and dermal infiltration by Th1 effector T cells. Conclusions These results support the existence of an interplay between gut and skin that can sustain skin inflammation in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Rigoni
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Veronica Marrella
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Maina
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Pediatric Department, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew R Gennery
- Great North Children's Hospital, Clinical Resource Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Silvia Giliani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Cytogenetic and Medical Genetics Unit, "A. Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Deborah Draper
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Ghassan Dbaibo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Lab for Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Neven
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Necker Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Despina Moshous
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Necker Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France; Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Necker Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md
| | - Danielle L Fink
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Julie Alejo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Ian A Myles
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md.
| | - Anna Villa
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Barbara Cassani
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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Pereda MDCV, Dieamant G, Nogueira C, Eberlin S, Facchini G, Mussi L, Polezel MA, Martins-Oliveira D, Rosa PTV, Di Stasi LC. Sterol-standardized phytopharmaceutical from ground cherry: Corticoid-like properties on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts and its effects in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1516-1528. [PMID: 30597728 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical corticosteroids have been the most commonly prescribed drugs to treat skin inflammation, but their uses can lead to several adverse effects. Nowadays, new pharmacological strategies have been evaluated to improve dermatologic efficacy and reduce adverse effects, including natural products. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of a plant sterol standardized supercritical CO2 phytopharmaceutical of Physalis angulata L. with hydrocortisone on the immune and inflammatory mediators, and skin repair components production. Moreover, we studied effects of both products on the skin microcirculation and temperature in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS Both products were evaluated on the immune (IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1α), inflammatory (COX-2, LOX, PLA2 , PGE2 , LTB4 , histamine, and NF-κB), and repair components (TGF-β, GM-CSF, collagen, and GAG) production on human keratinocytes and fibroblast in non-stimulated and LPS-stimulated conditions. Indeed, in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, we evaluated the effects of the both creams on the skin microcirculation and temperature using laser Doppler and infrared thermometer, respectively. RESULTS Physalis angulata acted on the skin, modulating immune status and inflammatory response producing corticoid-like effects, but different of hydrocortisone, increased skin repair factors. The effects of phytopharmaceutical cream in the clinical trial promoted a better reduction in skin microcirculation and temperature than hydrocortisone. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results indicate that sterol standardized CO2 supercritical preparation of P angulata is a new and innovative phytopharmaceutical with multiple pharmacological effects potentially useful as human skin protective product, particularly against cutaneous inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Dieamant
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Cecília Nogueira
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Samara Eberlin
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Facchini
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Lilian Mussi
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Polezel
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo T V Rosa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Di Stasi
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTech), Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
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Alexander ET, Mariner K, Borodyanskaya Y, Minton A, Gilmour SK. Polyamine-stimulation of arsenic-transformed keratinocytes. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1042-1051. [PMID: 31190067 PMCID: PMC6735862 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor promotion is strongly associated with inflammation and increased polyamine levels. Our understanding of relevant mechanisms responsible for arsenic-induced cancer remains limited. Previous studies suggest that arsenic targets and dysregulates stem cell populations that remain dormant in the skin until promoted to be recruited out of the bulge stem cell region, thus giving rise to skin tumors. In this study, we explored a possible mechanism by which increased keratinocyte polyamine biosynthesis promotes tumorsphere formation and invasiveness of arsenic-transformed HaCaT keratinocytes (As-HaCaT). Unlike parental HaCaT cells, As-HaCaT cells were tumorigenic in athymic nude mice, and the CD45negative epithelial tumor cells had enriched expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), CD34 and CXCR4 as did As-HaCaT tumorsphere cultures compared to As-HaCaT monolayer cultures. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) overexpressing keratinocytes (Ker/ODC) release increased levels of the alarmin high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Ker/ODC conditioned medium (CM) stimulated As-HaCaT but not parental HaCaT tumorsphere formation, and this was inhibited by glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1, and by TAK242, an inhibitor of the HMGB1 receptor TLR4. Compared to parental HaCaT cells, As-HaCaT cells demonstrated greater invasiveness across a Matrigel-coated filter using either fibroblast CM or SDF-1α as chemoattractants. Addition of Ker/ODC CM or HMGB1 dramatically increased As-HaCaT invasiveness. Glycyrrhizin and TAK242 inhibited this Ker/ODC CM-stimulated invasion of As-HaCaT cells but not HaCaT cells. These results show that polyamine-dependent release of HMGB1 promotes the expansion of stem cell-like subpopulations in arsenic-transformed keratinocytes while also increasing their invasiveness, suggesting that polyamines may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of arsenic-initiated skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Alexander
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Kelsey Mariner
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Yelizaveta Borodyanskaya
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Allyson Minton
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Susan K Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
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Zhang X, Yin M, Zhang LJ. Keratin 6, 16 and 17-Critical Barrier Alarmin Molecules in Skin Wounds and Psoriasis. Cells 2019; 8:E807. [PMID: 31374826 PMCID: PMC6721482 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Located at the skin surface, keratinocytes (KCs) are constantly exposed to external stimuli and are the first responders to invading pathogens and injury. Upon skin injury, activated KCs secrete an array of alarmin molecules, providing a rapid and specific innate immune response against danger signals. However, dysregulation of the innate immune response of KCs may lead to uncontrolled inflammation and psoriasis pathogenesis. Keratins (KRT) are the major structural intermediate filament proteins in KCs and are expressed in a highly specific pattern at different differentiation stages of KCs. While KRT14-KRT5 is restricted to basal proliferative KCs, and KRT10-KRT1 is restricted to suprabasal differentiated KCs in normal skin epidermis, the wound proximal KCs downregulate KRT10-K1 and upregulate KRT16/KRT17-KRT6 upon skin injury. Recent studies have recognized KRT6/16/17 as key early barrier alarmins and upregulation of these keratins alters proliferation, cell adhesion, migration and inflammatory features of KCs, contributing to hyperproliferation and innate immune activation of KCs in response to an epidermal barrier breach, followed by the autoimmune activation of T cells that drives psoriasis. Here, we have reviewed how keratins are dysregulated during skin injury, their roles in wound repairs and in initiating the innate immune system and the subsequent autoimmune amplification that arises in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Meimei Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ling-Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Utheim OA, Pasovic L, Raeder S, Eidet JR, Fostad IG, Sehic A, Roald B, de la Paz MF, Lyberg T, Dartt DA, Utheim TP. Effects of explant size on epithelial outgrowth, thickness, stratification, ultrastructure and phenotype of cultured limbal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212524. [PMID: 30861002 PMCID: PMC6413940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Transplantation of limbal stem cells is a promising therapy for limbal stem cell deficiency. Limbal cells can be harvested from either a healthy part of the patient’s eye or the eye of a donor. Small explants are less likely to inflict injury to the donor site. We investigated the effects of limbal explant size on multiple characteristics known to be important for transplant function. Methods Human limbal epithelial cells were expanded from large versus small explants (3 versus 1 mm of the corneal circumference) for 3 weeks and characterized by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Epithelial thickness, stratification, outgrowth, ultrastructure and phenotype were assessed. Results Epithelial thickness and stratification were similar between the groups. Outgrowth size correlated positively with explant size (r = 0.37; P = 0.01), whereas fold growth correlated negatively with explant size (r = –0.55; P < 0.0001). Percentage of cells expressing the limbal epithelial cell marker K19 was higher in cells derived from large explants (99.1±1.2%) compared to cells derived from small explants (93.2±13.6%, P = 0.024). The percentage of cells expressing ABCG2, integrin β1, p63, and p63α that are markers suggestive of an immature phenotype; Keratin 3, Connexin 43, and E-Cadherin that are markers of differentiation; and Ki67 and PCNA that indicate cell proliferation were equal in both groups. Desmosome and hemidesmosome densities were equal between the groups. Conclusion For donor- and culture conditions used in the present study, large explants are preferable to small in terms of outgrowth area. As regards limbal epithelial cell thickness, stratification, mechanical strength, and the attainment of a predominantly immature phenotype, both large and small explants are sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - L. Pasovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S. Raeder
- Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, Oslo, Norway
| | - J. R. Eidet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I. G. Fostad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A. Sehic
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Maxillofacial surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B. Roald
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. F. de la Paz
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. Lyberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - D. A. Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - T. P. Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Maxillofacial surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soerlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
- National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Southeast Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
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ANTIOXIDANT-PROOXIDANT AND CYTOKINE BALANCE IN THE LATE PERIOD OF COMBINED TRAUMA IN THE EXPERIMENT. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2019-1-67-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chan JKL, Yuen D, Too PHM, Sun Y, Willard B, Man D, Tam C. Keratin 6a reorganization for ubiquitin-proteasomal processing is a direct antimicrobial response. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:731-744. [PMID: 29191848 PMCID: PMC5800800 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin and mucosal epithelia deploy antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to eliminate harmful microbes. We reported that the intermediate filament keratin 6a (K6a) is constitutively processed into antimicrobial fragments in corneal epithelial cells. In this study, we show that K6a network remodeling is a host defense response that directly up-regulates production of keratin-derived AMPs (KAMPs) by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Bacterial ligands trigger K6a phosphorylation at S19, S22, S37, and S60, leading to network disassembly. Mutagenic analysis of K6a confirmed that the site-specific phosphorylation augmented its solubility. K6a in the cytosol is ubiquitinated by cullin-RING E3 ligases for subsequent proteasomal processing. Without an appreciable increase in K6a gene expression and proteasome activity, a higher level of cytosolic K6a results in enhanced KAMP production. Although proteasome-mediated proteolysis is known to produce antigenic peptides in adaptive immunity, our findings demonstrate its new role in producing AMPs for innate immune defense. Manipulating K6a phosphorylation or UPS activity may provide opportunities to harness the innate immunity of epithelia against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K L Chan
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Don Yuen
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Priscilla Hiu-Mei Too
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - David Man
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Connie Tam
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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The Pathophysiological Mechanisms and the Quest for Biomarkers in Psoriasis, a Stress-Related Skin Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:5823684. [PMID: 29619128 PMCID: PMC5829341 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5823684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a physically, emotionally, and socially invalidating multifactorial disorder, with a significant impact on the patients' quality of life. Stress is one of the leading triggers for psoriasis and has been associated with disease onset and subsequent flare-ups, while the flare-ups by themselves often lead to psychological discomfort. The treatment of psoriasis is individualized, depending on the patients' measurable severity of illness, as well as the impact the skin condition has on patients' quality of life, as assessed by standardized questionnaires. The clinical scales used nowadays for measuring the severity of psoriasis are characterized by low reproducibility and high variability between examiners. Hence, there is a real need to identify objectively measurable biomarkers to standardize the assessment of the severity of psoriasis. We aim to review the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in psoriasis, focusing on the most critical advances in psoriasis biomarker discovery, pointing out those biomarkers which have also been studied in other stress-related conditions, thus emphasizing the relationship between psoriasis and stress.
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Mechanisms of epithelial thickening due to IL-1 signalling blockade and TNF-α administration differ during wound repair and regeneration. Differentiation 2018; 99:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Models in the Research Process of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122514. [PMID: 29186769 PMCID: PMC5751117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an ancient, universal chronic skin disease with a significant geographical variability, with the lowest incidence rate at the equator, increasing towards the poles. Insights into the mechanisms responsible for psoriasis have generated an increasing number of druggable targets and molecular drugs. The development of relevant in vitro and in vivo models of psoriasis is now a priority and an important step towards its cure. In this review, we summarize the current cellular and animal systems suited to the study of psoriasis. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the various models and the lessons learned. We conclude that, so far, there is no one model that can meet all of the research needs. Therefore, the choice model system will depend on the questions being addressed.
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Boonkasidecha S, Kannan PS, Kallapur SG, Jobe AH, Kemp MW. Fetal skin as a pro-inflammatory organ: Evidence from a primate model of chorioamnionitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184938. [PMID: 28957335 PMCID: PMC5619751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine infection is a primary cause of preterm birth and fetal injury. The pro-inflammatory role of the fetal skin in the setting of intrauterine infection remains poorly characterized. Whether or not inflammation of the fetal skin occurs in primates remains unstudied. Accordingly, we hypothesized that: i) the fetal primate skin would mount a pro-inflammatory response to preterm birth associated pro-inflammatory agents (lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli, live Ureaplasma parvum, interleukin-1β) and; ii) that inhibiting interleukin-1 signaling would decrease the skin inflammatory response. METHODS Rhesus macaques with singleton pregnancies received intraamniotic injections of either sterile saline (control) or one of three pro-inflammatory agonists: E. coli lipopolysaccharides, interluekin-1β or live U. parvum under ultrasound guidance. A fourth group of animals received both E. coli lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1 signaling inhibitor interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra) prior to delivery. Animals were surgically delivered at approximately 130 days' gestational age. RESULTS Intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide caused an inflammatory skin response characterized by increases in interluekin-1β,-6 and -8 mRNA at 16 hours. There was a modest inflammatory response to U. parvum, but interleukin-1β alone caused no inflammatory response in the fetal skin. Intraamniotic Anakinra treatment of lipopolysaccharide-exposed animals significantly reduced skin inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide and U. parvum were associated with modest increases in the expression of inflammatory mediators in primate fetal skin. Although administration of Interleukin-1β alone did not elicit an inflammatory response, lipopolysaccharide-driven skin inflammation was decreased following intraamniotic Anakinra therapy. These findings provide support for the role of the fetal skin in the development of the fetal inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suppawat Boonkasidecha
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paranthaman Senthamarai Kannan
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.,School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.,School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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CCN1 promotes IL-1β production in keratinocytes by activating p38 MAPK signaling in psoriasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43310. [PMID: 28266627 PMCID: PMC5339692 DOI: 10.1038/srep43310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN1, an extracellular protein also known as cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61), is a novel pro-inflammatory factor involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. As an inflammatory disease, psoriasis is characterized by keratinocyte activation-induced epidermal hyperplasia and cytokine-mediated inflammation. We demonstrated in our previous study that CCN1 promoted keratinocyte activation in psoriasis. However, the role of CCN1 in regulating inflammation in psoriasis is still unknown. Here, we showed that CCN1 increased inflammatory cytokine IL-1β production in keratinocytes. Furthermore, endogenous ATP and caspase-1 were required for mature IL-1β production stimulated by CCN1 in keratinocytes. After binding to the receptor of integrin α6β1, CCN1 activated the downstream p38 MAPK signaling pathway, thus inducing the expression of IL-1β. In addition, we inhibited CCN1 function in mouse models of psoriasis, and decreased IL-1β production was observed in vivo. Overall, we showed that CCN1 increased IL-1β production via p38 MAPK signaling, indicating a role for CCN1 protein in regulating inflammation in psoriasis.
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Kadoya K, Amano S, Nishiyama T, Inomata S, Tsunenaga M, Kumagai N, Matsuzaki K. Changes in the expression of epidermal differentiation markers at sites where cultured epithelial autografts were transplanted onto wounds from burn scar excision. Int Wound J 2016; 13:412-7. [PMID: 25040836 PMCID: PMC7950175 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the recovery process during which grafted cultured epithelium formed normal epidermis. The subjects were 18 patients whose burn scars were excised at a depth not exposing the fat layer and who subsequently received cultured epithelial autografts. A total of 24 samples were obtained from the grafted sites: 6 samples within 6 weeks (stage 1), 5 samples after 6 weeks and within 6 months (stage 2), 6 samples after 6 months and within 18 months (stage 3) and 7 samples beyond 18 months (stage 4) after transplantation. These samples were stained for monoclonal antibodies against filaggrin, transglutaminase (TG), cytokeratin 6 and involucrin. Their expressions were examined in the epidermis. The expression patterns were classified using a six-grade scale. The grades of filaggrin and TG were significantly higher at stage 3 and 4 compared with stage 1. There was a marginally significant increase in the grade of cytokeratin 6 at stage 3 and it was significantly higher at stage 4 compared with stage 1. These results showed that wound healing continued at a molecular level until the end of stage 3. The recovery of involucrin was delayed compared with that of other markers. TG and involucrin are thought to be regulated independently at the grafted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Toshio Nishiyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | | | | | - Norio Kumagai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Matsuzaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
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Epigenetic Regulation of Epidermal Stem Cell Biomarkers and Their Role in Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010016. [PMID: 26712738 PMCID: PMC4730263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As an actively renewable tissue, changes in skin architecture are subjected to the regulation of stem cells that maintain the population of cells responsible for the formation of epidermal layers. Stems cells retain their self-renewal property and express biomarkers that are unique to this population. However, differential regulation of the biomarkers can initiate the pathway of terminal cell differentiation. Although, pockets of non-clarity in stem cell maintenance and differentiation in skin still exist, the influence of epigenetics in epidermal stem cell functions and differentiation in skin homeostasis and wound healing is clearly evident. The focus of this review is to discuss the epigenetic regulation of confirmed and probable epidermal stem cell biomarkers in epidermal stratification of normal skin and in diseased states. The role of epigenetics in wound healing, especially in diseased states of diabetes and cancer, will also be conveyed.
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Elango T, Thirupathi A, Subramanian S, Dayalan H, Gnanaraj P. Methotrexate normalized keratinocyte activation cycle by overturning abnormal keratins as well as deregulated inflammatory mediators in psoriatic patients. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 451:329-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Downregulation of TNIP1 Expression Leads to Increased Proliferation of Human Keratinocytes and Severer Psoriasis-Like Conditions in an Imiquimod-Induced Mouse Model of Dermatitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127957. [PMID: 26046540 PMCID: PMC4457880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease involving both environmental and genetic factors. According to genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the TNIP1 gene, which encodes the TNF-α–induced protein 3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1), is strongly linked to the susceptibility of psoriasis. TNIP1 is a widely expressed ubiquitin sensor that binds to the ubiquitin-editing protein A20 and restricts TNF- and TLR-induced signals. In our study, TNIP1 expression decreased in specimens of epidermis affected by psoriasis. Based on previous studies suggesting a role for TNIP1 in modulating cancer cell growth, we investigated its role in keratinocyte proliferation, which is clearly abnormal in psoriasis. To mimic the downregulation or upregulation of TNIP1 in HaCaT cells and primary human keratinocytes (PHKs), we used a TNIP1 specific small interfering hairpin RNA (TNIP1 shRNA) lentiviral vector or a recombinant TNIP1 (rTNIP1) lentiviral vector, respectively. Blocking TNIP1 expression increased keratinocyte proliferation, while overexpression of TNIP1 decreased keratinocyte proliferation. Furthermore, we showed that TNIP1 signaling might involve extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (Erk1/2) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) activity. Intradermal injection of TNIP1 shRNA in BALB/c mice led to exaggerated psoriatic conditions in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. These findings indicate that TNIP1 has a protective role in psoriasis and therefore could be a promising therapeutic target.
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Tancharoen S, Matsuyama T, Kawahara KI, Tanaka K, Lee LJ, Machigashira M, Noguchi K, Ito T, Imamura T, Potempa J, Kikuchi K, Maruyama I. Cleavage of host cytokeratin-6 by lysine-specific gingipain induces gingival inflammation in periodontitis patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117775. [PMID: 25688865 PMCID: PMC4331500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Lysine-specific gingipain (Kgp) is a virulence factor secreted from Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major etiological bacterium of periodontal disease. Keratin intermediate filaments maintain the structural integrity of gingival epithelial cells, but are targeted by Kgp to produce a novel cytokeratin 6 fragment (K6F). We investigated the release of K6F and its induction of cytokine secretion. METHODS K6F present in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontal disease patients and in gingipain-treated rat gingival epithelial cell culture supernatants was measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer-based rapid quantitative peptide analysis using BLOTCHIP. K6F in gingival tissues was immunostained, and cytokeratin 6 protein was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Activation of MAPK in gingival epithelial cells was evaluated by immunoblotting. ELISA was used to measure K6F and the cytokines release induced by K6F. Human gingival fibroblast migration was assessed using a Matrigel invasion chamber assay. RESULTS We identified K6F, corresponding to the C-terminus region of human cytokeratin 6 (amino acids 359-378), in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontal disease patients and in the supernatant from gingival epithelial cells cultured with Kgp. K6F antigen was distributed from the basal to the spinous epithelial layers in gingivae from periodontal disease patients. Cytokeratin 6 on gingival epithelial cells was degraded by Kgp, but not by Arg-gingipain, P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide or Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide. K6F, but not a scrambled K6F peptide, induced human gingival fibroblast migration and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. These effects of K6F were mediated by activation of p38 MAPK and Jun N-terminal kinase, but not p42/44 MAPK or p-Akt. CONCLUSION Kgp degrades gingival epithelial cell cytokeratin 6 to K6F that, on release, induces invasion and cytokine secretion by human gingival fibroblasts. Thus, Kgp may contribute to the development of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salunya Tancharoen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takashi Matsuyama
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ko-ichi Kawahara
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanaka
- Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Lyang-Ja Lee
- Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Miho Machigashira
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takahisa Imamura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Periodontics, Endodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Meng H, Wang Z, Wang W, Li W, Wu Q, Lei X, Ouyang X, Liang Z. Effect of osteopontin in regulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell treatment of skin wounds in diabetic mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:457-66. [PMID: 24827928 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the role of osteopontin in regulating mesenchymal stem cells transplanted to promote wound healing in diabetic mice. METHODS The mesenchymal stem cells of osteopontin knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were isolated separately for in vitro culture and characterization. A skin wound on the back of mice was established by skin punching. In 27 osteopontin KO male mice, induced diabetes mellitus was via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. 9 normal mice were used as controls. The mice were divided into four groups and injected with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) or mesenchymal stem cells via the tail vein: A (diabetic mice injected with DMEM), B (diabetic mice injected with osteopontin KO mesenchymal stem cells), C (diabetic mice injected with WT mesenchymal stem cells), D (normal mice injected with DMEM). The healing times and closure rates of skin wounds were recorded. The microvessel density of healing wounds was measured, and the localized expression of osteopontin was identified by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The migration of mesenchymal stem cells was observed on normal mice with skin wound injected with mesenchymal stem cells of C57BL6~GFP transgenic mice, which show green fluorescent under UV light. RESULTS Compared with normal mice, the healing time of wounds in the mice with diabetes and osteopontin KO was significantly prolonged (p < 0.01). After transplanting osteopontin KO mesenchymal stem cells, the healing time was slightly shorter. Meanwhile, the healing time was significantly shorter after transplanted with WT mesenchymal stem cells and more significant neovascularization at healing wounds (p < 0.05). The expression of osteopontin in local healing wounds after transplantation of WT mesenchymal stem cells was demonstrated with western blotting and immunohistochemistry. After 4 days, the green fluoresces were noted on the wounds of mice injected with mesenchymal stem cells of fluorescent mice. CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal stem cells can migrate to wound sites, and osteopontin plays a regulatory role in mesenchymal stem cells promoting the healing of diabetic skin wounds.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Fetal Stem Cells/cytology
- Fetal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Fetal Stem Cells/transplantation
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microvessels/metabolism
- Microvessels/pathology
- Microvessels/physiopathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Random Allocation
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Skin/blood supply
- Skin/injuries
- Skin/pathology
- Skin/physiopathology
- Wound Healing
- Wounds, Penetrating/complications
- Wounds, Penetrating/pathology
- Wounds, Penetrating/physiopathology
- Wounds, Penetrating/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Yang Z, Cui K, Zhang Y, Deng X. Transcriptional regulation analysis and the potential transcription regulator site in the extended KAP6.1 promoter in sheep. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6089-96. [PMID: 24990691 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The high glycine/tyrosine type II keratin protein 6.1 (KAP6.1) is a member of the keratin-associated protein family, which is restricted to cells in hair follicles and is associated with fiber diameter and fiber curvature in Merino sheep. In this study, we obtained a series of progressive 5'-deletion fragments of the KAP6.1 gene promoter from ovine genomic DNA. The KAP6.1 5'-upstream region was fused to luciferase and transfected into sheep fetal fibroblast cells (sFFCs). We demonstrated that the sequence from -1,523 to -1 bp (taking the A of the initiator methionine ATG as the +1 nt position) gave rise to a higher luciferase activity comparing to the published region from -1,042 to -1 bp. Whereas, decreased transcriptional activity of the KAP6.1 promoter was observed when the sequence extended to -3,699 bp. To identify the DNA elements that are important for transcriptional activity, we performed structural analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Structural analysis of the KAP6.1 promoter showed that transcription factors NF-kappa-B, AP-1, and C/EBP-alpha synergistically activate KAP6.1 promoter, while POU2F1 might function as a strong negative regulator. The EMSA showed that NF-kappa-B element bound to the nuclear protein extracted from sFFCs. We conclude that NF-kappa-B binding site is an enhancer element of KAP6.1 promoter in vitro. The results are potentially useful for elucidating the regulator mechanisms of KAP6.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China,
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In Vivo Cosmetic Product Efficacy Testing by Analyzing Epidermal Proteins Extracted from Tape Strips. COSMETICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics1010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Yoshimura J, Asano Y, Takahashi T, Uwajima Y, Kagami S, Honda H, Idezuki T, Igarashi A, Sato S. A case of scleredema adultorum successfully treated with narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 26:302-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2013.875640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yoshimura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Uwajima
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kagami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kanto Medical Center NTT EC, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Idezuki
- Department of Dermatology, Kanto Medical Center NTT EC, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Igarashi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanto Medical Center NTT EC, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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[Testosterone reduces the expression of keratinization-promoting genes in murine Meibomian glands]. Ophthalmologe 2013; 110:230-8. [PMID: 23224122 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-012-2661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive keratinization appears to play a major role in the dysfunction of the Meibomian gland. This article presents the potential impact of androgens on limiting keratinization in this tissue, thus, contributing to normal Meibomian gland function and a healthy ocular surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orchidectomized mice were systemically treated with either testosterone or placebo for 2 weeks. The mRNA was then extracted from the Meibomian glands and differential gene expression was investigated by microarray hybridization and evaluation with GeneSifter software as well as gene ontology information from the Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium. RESULTS By z-score calculations, keratinization was the most significantly gene ontology term influenced by testosterone based on down-regulated genes in the mouse Meibomian gland. In particular, under the influence of testosterone the genes coding for small proline-rich protein (Sprr) 2a, Sprr 2b, Sprr 3, keratins 6a and 17 and periplakin were significantly down-regulated, while Sprr 1a and Sprr 2f were significantly up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone down-regulates the expression of genes promoting keratinization in the Meibomian gland. This may help to prevent Meibomian gland dysfunction by limiting excessive keratinization of this tissue and the adjacent lid margins. The findings elucidate, at least in part, the beneficial impact of androgens on Meibomian gland function and thus on th e health of the ocular surface.
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Singh A, Morris RJ. Innate immunity and the regulation and mobilization of keratinocyte stem cells: are the old players playing a new game? Exp Dermatol 2013; 21:660-4. [PMID: 22897573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides an anatomical barrier to physical, chemical and biological agents. Hence, it is not surprising that it has well-developed innate immunity. What we find surprising is that the CD49f(+) /CD34(+) hair follicle stem cells should have an enriched expression profile of so many genes involved in innate immunity. Do these stem cells require extra protection from environmental insults? Or, could there be a new role for these genes? To probe these questions, we first summarize the roles of some key players in epidermal innate immunity. We next focus on their expression in CD49f(+) /CD34(+) hair follicle stem cells. Then, we consider recent data suggesting a new role for these 'old players' in the regulation and mobilization of haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, we hypothesize that the 'old players' in these hair follicle stem cells may be playing a 'new game'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Singh
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN55912, USA
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Gennari A, Ban M, Braun A, Casati S, Corsini E, Dastych J, Descotes J, Hartung T, Hooghe-Peters R, House R, Pallardy M, Pieters R, Reid L, Tryphonas H, Tschirhart E, Tuschl H, Vandebriel R, Gribaldo L. The Use of In Vitro Systems for Evaluating Immunotoxicity: The Report and Recommendations of an ECVAM Workshop. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 2:61-83. [PMID: 18958661 DOI: 10.1080/15476910590965832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the report of a workshop organised by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAM's main goal, as defined in 1993 by its Scientific Advisory Committee, is to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods that are of importance to the biosciences and which replace, reduce or refine the use of laboratory animals. One of the first priorities set by ECVAM was the implementation of procedures that would enable it to become well informed about the state-of-the-art of non-animal test development and validation, and the potential for the possible incorporation of alternative tests into regulatory procedures. It was decided that this would be best achieved by the organization of ECVAM workshops on specific topics, at which small groups of invited experts would review the current status of various types of in vitro tests and their potential uses, and make recommendations about the best ways forward (Anonymous, 1994). The workshop on "The use of in vitro systems for evaluating Immunotoxicity" was held at ECVAM (Ispra), Italy, on 24th-26th November 2003. The participants represented academia, national organizations, international regulatory bodies and industry. The aim of the workshop was to review the state-of-the-art in the field of in vitro immunotoxicology, and to develop strategies towards the replacement of in vivo testing. At the end of this report are listed the recommendations that should be considered for prevalidation and validation of relevant and reliable procedures, that could replace the use of animals in chemical and cosmetics toxicity testing.
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Eidet JR, Fostad IG, Shatos MA, Utheim TP, Utheim ØA, Raeder S, Dartt DA. Effect of biopsy location and size on proliferative capacity of ex vivo expanded conjunctival tissue. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:2897-903. [PMID: 22491407 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of location and size of biopsy on phenotype and proliferative capacity of cultured rat conjunctival epithelial cells. METHODS Pieces of conjunctiva were used from six areas: superior and inferior areas of bulbus, fornix, and tarsus of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6). Explants were grown in RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum on coverslips for 8 days or assayed for colony-forming efficiency (n = 9). Analysis included immunofluorescence microscopy and outgrowth measurements with ImageJ software. The Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's rank-order correlation test were used. RESULTS Superior (23.9 ± 2.9-fold growth) and inferior (22.4 ± 1.2-fold growth) forniceal tissues yielded significantly more outgrowth with respect to explant size than superior bulbar (13.4 ± 1.9-fold growth; P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), inferior bulbar (13.6 ± 1.6-fold growth; P = 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively), and inferior tarsal tissues (14.0 ± 1.3-fold growth; P = 0.01). Outgrowth size correlated positively with explant size (r(s) = 0.54; P < 0.001), whereas explant size correlated negatively with fold growth (r(s) = 0.36; P < 0.001). Superior forniceal cells displayed higher colony-forming efficiency (3.6% ± 0.9%) than superior bulbar (1.1% ± 0.3%; P < 0.05) and inferior bulbar cells (1.6% ± 0.8%; P < 0.05). Percentage of p63+ and PCNA+ cells correlated positively with explant and outgrowth size. CONCLUSIONS Small forniceal conjunctival explants grow the most effectively; however, for transplantation purposes, the loss of p63+ and PCNA+ cells with small explants must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon R Eidet
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Statins Downregulate K6a Promoter Activity: A Possible Therapeutic Avenue for Pachyonychia Congenita. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1045-52. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Epithelial Cells Promote Fibroblast Activation via IL-1α in Systemic Sclerosis. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:2191-200. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Troester MA, Lee MH, Carter M, Fan C, Cowan DW, Perez ER, Pirone JR, Perou CM, Jerry DJ, Schneider SS. Activation of host wound responses in breast cancer microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7020-8. [PMID: 19887484 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer progression is mediated by processes that are also important in wound repair. As a result, cancers have been conceptualized as overhealing wounds or "wounds that do not heal," and gene expression signatures reflective of wound repair have shown value as predictors of breast cancer survival. Despite the widespread acknowledgment of commonalities between host responses to wounds and host responses to cancer, the gene expression responses of normal tissue adjacent to cancers have not been well characterized. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using RNA extracted from histologically normal breast tissue from 107 patients, including 60 reduction mammoplasty patients and 47 cancer patients, we measured whole genome expression profiles and identified a gene expression signature that is induced in response to breast cancer. RESULTS This signature represents an in vivo "wound response" signature that is differentially expressed in the normal tissue of breast cancer patients compared with those without disease and is highly accurate (at least 92% sensitivity and 98% specificity) in distinguishing diseased and nondiseased. The in vivo wound response signature is highly prognostic of breast cancer survival, and there is a strong association between the groups identified by this signature and those identified using serum-treated fibroblasts and other microenvironment-derived or microenvironment-related signatures. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of the wound response signature in histologically normal tissue adjacent to breast cancer suggests that microenvironment response is an important variable in breast cancer progression and may be an important target for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Requirement of DHCR24 for postnatal development of epidermis and hair follicles in mice. Am J Dermatopathol 2009; 31:446-52. [PMID: 19542918 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e318196f10c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Desmosterolosis is an autosomal recessive disorder with severe developmental anomalies due to mutations in the DHCR24 gene, encoding an enzyme to convert desmosterol to cholesterol. We reported that DHCR24 [knockout (KO)] mice were born with wrinkleless taut skin and with impaired development of epidermis. In this study, we investigated the postnatal development of epidermis and hair follicle in the skin of KO mice grafted to the nude mice. Skin graft was required since the KO mice die within few hours after birth. Forty days after the skin graft, epidermis from the KO mice revealed the characteristic phenotype observed at birth. Furthermore, the number of hair follicles in the skin graft from KO mice to the nude mice was significantly less and development was delayed than that from control. These findings implicate that DHCR24 plays important roles for normal development of epidermis and hair follicle even in postnatal life.
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Akaza N, Akamatsu H, Kishi M, Mizutani H, Ishii I, Nakata S, Matsunaga K. Effects of Propionibacterium acnes on various mRNA expression levels in normal human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. J Dermatol 2009; 36:213-23. [PMID: 19348660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2009.00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes is one of the most significant pathogenic factors of acne vulgaris. This bacteria relates to acne by various pathways. It has also been reported that P. acnes influences pro-inflammatory cytokine production in keratinocytes in vitro. However, the influence on the differentiation of keratinocytes by P. acnes has not been studied extensively. We analyzed the expression of keratinocyte differentiation-specific markers, keratins, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) exposed to P. acnes in vitro. All P. acnes strains used in this study increased transglutaminase (TGase), keratin 17 (K17) and interleukin (IL) mRNA expression levels in NHEK, and decreased K1 and K10 expression levels. Some P. acnes strains increased involucrin and K6 mRNA expression levels in NHEK and decreased filaggrin, K6 and K16 expression levels in vitro. This experiment clarified that P. acnes influences the differentiation of NHEK in vitro. As a result, P. acnes influenced the expression of not only pro-inflammatory cytokines but also some keratinocyte differentiation-specific markers and keratins in NHEK. Our results suggest that P. acnes relates to acne pathogenesis by not only the induction of inflammation but also in the differentiation of keratinocytes. Moreover, it was considered that the reaction of NHEK to P. acnes may be different depending on the type of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narifumi Akaza
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Melnik BC. Role of FGFR2-signaling in the pathogenesis of acne. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2009; 1:141-56. [PMID: 20436882 PMCID: PMC2835907 DOI: 10.4161/derm.1.3.8474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is the purpose of this review to extend our understanding of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-2b-signaling network in the pathogenesis of acne. A new concept of the role of FGFR2b-signaling in dermal-epithelial interaction for skin appendage formation, pilosebaceous follicle homeostasis, comedogenesis, sebaceous gland proliferation and lipogenesis is presented. The FGFR2-gain-of-function mutations in Apert syndrome and unilateral acneiform nevus are most helpful model diseases pointing the way to androgen-dependent dermalepithelial FGFR2-signaling in acne. Androgen-mediated upregulation of FGFR2b-signaling in acne-prone skin appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. In organotypic skin cultures, keratinocyte-derived interleukin-1alpha stimulated fibroblasts to secrete FGF7 which stimulated FGFR2b-mediated keratinocyte proliferation. Postnatal deletion of FGFR2b in mice resulted in severe sebaceous gland atrophy. The importance of FGFR2b in sebaceous gland physiology is further supported by the mode of action of anti-acne agents which have been proposed to attenuate FGFR2b-signaling. Downregulation of FGFR2b-signaling by isotretinoin explains its therapeutic effect in acne. Downregulation of FGFR2b-signaling during the first trimester of pregnancy disturbs branched morphogenesis and explains retinoid embryotoxicity. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), the mediator of growth hormone during puberty, intracts with androgen-dependent FGFR2b-signaling and links androgen- and FGF-mediated signal transduction important in sebaceous gland homeostasis. The search for a follicular defect in the dermalepithelial regulation of growth factor-signaling in acne-prone skin appears to be a most promising approach to clarify the pathogenesis of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology; Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrück; Germany
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