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Staff NP, Hrstka SC, Dasari S, Capobianco E, Rieger S. Skin Extracellular Matrix Breakdown Following Paclitaxel Therapy in Patients with Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4191. [PMID: 37627219 PMCID: PMC10453667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel causes peripheral neuropathy, a dose-limiting side effect, in up to 68% of cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the impact of paclitaxel therapy on the skin of breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), building upon previous findings in zebrafish and rodents. Comprehensive assessments, including neurological examinations and quality of life questionnaires, were conducted, followed by intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density evaluations using skin punch biopsies. Additionally, RNA sequencing, immunostaining for Matrix-Metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and transmission electron microscopy provided insights into molecular and ultrastructural changes in this skin. The results showed no significant difference in IENF density between the control and CIPN patients despite the presence of patient-reported CIPN symptoms. Nevertheless, the RNA sequencing and immunostaining on the skin revealed significantly upregulated MMP-13, which is known to play a key role in CIPN caused by paclitaxel therapy. Additionally, various genes involved in the regulation of the extracellular matrix, microtubules, cell cycle, and nervous system were significantly and differentially expressed. An ultrastructural examination of the skin showed changes in collagen and basement membrane structures. These findings highlight the presence of CIPN in the absence of IENF density changes and support the role of skin remodeling as a major contributor to CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Staff
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.P.S.)
| | - Sybil C. Hrstka
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.P.S.)
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.P.S.)
| | | | - Sandra Rieger
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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2
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Smith LR, Kok HJ, Zhang B, Chung D, Spradlin RA, Rakoczy KD, Lei H, Boesze-Battaglia K, Barton ER. Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 from Satellite Cells is Required for Efficient Muscle Growth and Regeneration. Cell Physiol Biochem 2020; 54:333-353. [PMID: 32275813 DOI: 10.33594/000000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cell migration and extracellular matrix remodeling underlie normal mammalian development and growth as well as pathologic tumor invasion. Skeletal muscle is no exception, where satellite cell migration replenishes nuclear content in damaged tissue and extracellular matrix reforms during regeneration. A key set of enzymes that regulate these processes are matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)s. The collagenase MMP-13 is transiently upregulated during muscle regeneration, but its contribution to damage resolution is unknown. The purpose of this work was to examine the importance of MMP-13 in muscle regeneration and growth in vivo and to delineate a satellite cell specific role for this collagenase. METHODS Mice with total and satellite cell specific Mmp13 deletion were utilized to determine the importance of MMP-13 for postnatal growth, regeneration after acute injury, and in chronic injury from a genetic cross with dystrophic (mdx) mice. We also evaluated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mediated hypertrophy in the presence and absence of MMP-13. We employed live-cell imaging and 3D migration measurements on primary myoblasts obtained from these animals. Outcome measures included muscle morphology and function. RESULTS Under basal conditions, Mmp13-/- mice did not exhibit histological or functional deficits in muscle. However, following acute injury, regeneration was impaired at 11 and 14 days post injury. Muscle hypertrophy caused by increased IGF-1 was blunted with minimal satellite cell incorporation in the absence of MMP-13. Mmp13-/- primary myoblasts displayed reduced migratory capacity in 2D and 3D, while maintaining normal proliferation and differentiation. Satellite cell specific deletion of MMP-13 recapitulated the effects of global MMP-13 ablation on muscle regeneration, growth and myoblast movement. CONCLUSION These results show that satellite cells provide an essential autocrine source of MMP-13, which not only regulates their migration, but also supports postnatal growth and resolution of acute damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Smith
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hui Jean Kok
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Boshi Zhang
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Du Chung
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ray A Spradlin
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyla D Rakoczy
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hanqin Lei
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, .,Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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3
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Penta-1,2,3,4,6- O-Galloyl-β-D-Glucose Inhibits UVB-Induced Photoaging by Targeting PAK1 and JNK1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110561. [PMID: 31731779 PMCID: PMC6912523 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG) is a gallotannin polyphenolic compound that occurs naturally in fermented Rhus verniciflua. The present study aimed to examine the effect of PGG on UVB-induced skin aging and its molecular mechanisms in HaCaT human keratinocytes and SKH-1 hairless mice models. PGG suppressed UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in HaCaT cells by inhibiting phosphorylation of RAF/MEK/ERK, MKK3/6/p38, and c-Jun. UVB-induced ERK and p38 signaling pathways that induce the MMP-1 expression were mediated by PAK1 in HaCaT cells. PGG suppressed PAK1 and JNK1 kinase activities, and directly bound both PAK1 in an ATP-competitive manner and JNK1 in an ATP-noncompetitive manner. Consistently, PGG decreased UVB-induced wrinkle formation, epidermal thickness, type 1 collagen and MMP-13 expression in mouse skin. Overall, these results indicate that PGG exhibits anti-photoaging effects in vitro and in vivo by the suppression of PAK1 and JNK1 kinase activities, and may be useful for the prevention of skin aging.
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Peviani SM, Guzzoni V, Pinheiro-Dardis CM, Silva YPD, Fioravante ACR, Sagawa AH, Delfino GB, Durigan JLQ, Salvini TF. Regulation of extracellular matrix elements and sarcomerogenesis in response to different periods of passive stretching in the soleus muscle of rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9010. [PMID: 29899346 PMCID: PMC5998085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretching is a common method used to prevent muscle shortening and improve limited mobility. However, the effect of different time periods on stretching-induced adaptation of the extracellular matrix and its regulatory elements have yet to be investigated. We aimed to evaluate the expression of fibrillar collagens, sarcomerogenesis, metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and gene expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulators in the soleus (SOL) muscle of rats submitted to different stretching periods. The soleus muscles were submitted to 10 sets of passive stretching over 10 (St 10d) or 15 days (St 15d) (1 min per set, with 30 seconds' rest between sets). Sarcomerogenesis, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), and MMP activity and mRNA levels in collagen (type I, III and IV), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and lysyl oxidase (LOX) were analyzed. Passive stretching over both time periods mitigated COL-I deposition in the SOL muscle of rats. Paradoxically, 10 days of passive stretching induced COL-I and COL-III synthesis, with concomitant upregulation of TGF-β1 and CTGF at a transcriptional level. These responses may be associated with lower LOX mRNA levels in SOL muscles submitted to 10 passive stretching sessions. Moreover, sarcomerogenesis was observed after 15 days of stretching, suggesting that stretching-induced muscle adaptations are time-dependent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M Peviani
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Guzzoni
- Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Clara M Pinheiro-Dardis
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yara P da Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Alisson C R Fioravante
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Adriana H Sagawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gabriel B Delfino
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - João L Q Durigan
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Tania F Salvini
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil
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5
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Paclitaxel-induced epithelial damage and ectopic MMP-13 expression promotes neurotoxicity in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2189-98. [PMID: 27035978 PMCID: PMC4839466 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525096113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used in cancer treatment and in a number of curative and palliative regimens. Despite its beneficial effects on cancer, paclitaxel also damages healthy tissues, most prominently the peripheral sensory nervous system. The mechanisms leading to paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy remain elusive, and therapies that prevent or alleviate this condition are not available. We established a zebrafish in vivo model to study the underlying mechanisms and to identify pharmacological agents that may be developed into therapeutics. Both adult and larval zebrafish displayed signs of paclitaxel neurotoxicity, including sensory axon degeneration and the loss of touch response in the distal caudal fin. Intriguingly, studies in zebrafish larvae showed that paclitaxel rapidly promotes epithelial damage and decreased mechanical stress resistance of the skin before induction of axon degeneration. Moreover, injured paclitaxel-treated zebrafish skin and scratch-wounded human keratinocytes (HEK001) display reduced healing capacity. Epithelial damage correlated with rapid accumulation of fluorescein-conjugated paclitaxel in epidermal basal keratinocytes, but not axons, and up-regulation of matrix-metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13, collagenase 3) in the skin. Pharmacological inhibition of MMP-13, in contrast, largely rescued paclitaxel-induced epithelial damage and neurotoxicity, whereas MMP-13 overexpression in zebrafish embryos rendered the skin vulnerable to injury under mechanical stress conditions. Thus, our studies provide evidence that the epidermis plays a critical role in this condition, and we provide a previously unidentified candidate for therapeutic interventions.
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6
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Haubner F, Muschter D, Pohl F, Schreml S, Prantl L, Gassner HG. A Co-Culture Model of Fibroblasts and Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Reveals New Insights into Impaired Wound Healing After Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25947-58. [PMID: 26528967 PMCID: PMC4661794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
External radiation seems to be associated with increased amounts of cytokines and other cellular modulators. Impaired microcirculation and fibrosis are examples of typical long term damage caused by radiotherapy. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC) are discussed to enhance wound healing, but their role in wounds due to radiotherapy is poorly understood. Normal human fibroblasts (NHF) and ASCs were co-cultured and external radiation with doses from 2-12 Gray (Gy) was delivered. Cell proliferation and mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP2 and MMP13) were determined 48 h after irradiation of the co-cultures by qPCR. Additionally, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP1, TIMP2) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a reduction of cell proliferation after external radiation in mono-cultures of NHFs and ASCs compared to controls without irradiation. The co-culture of ASCs and NHFs showed reduced impairment of cell proliferation after external radiation. Gene expression of MMP1 and MMP13 was reduced after external irradiation in NHF. MMP2 expression of irradiated NHFs was increased. In the co-culture setting, MMP1 and MMP2 gene expression levels were upregulated. TIMP1 and TIMP2 protein expression was increased after irradiation in NHFs and their co-cultures with ASCs. ASCs seem to stimulate cell proliferation of NHFs and modulate relevant soluble mediators as well as proteinases after external radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Dominique Muschter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Fabian Pohl
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Holger G Gassner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
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Rohani MG, McMahan RS, Razumova MV, Hertz AL, Cieslewicz M, Pun SH, Regnier M, Wang Y, Birkland TP, Parks WC. MMP-10 Regulates Collagenolytic Activity of Alternatively Activated Resident Macrophages. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2377-2384. [PMID: 25927164 PMCID: PMC4567949 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) is expressed by macrophages and epithelium in response to injury, but its functions in wound repair are unknown. We observed increased collagen deposition and skin stiffness in Mmp10(-/-) wounds, with no difference in collagen expression or reepithelialization. Increased collagen deposition in Mmp10(-/-) wounds was accompanied by less collagenolytic activity and reduced expression of specific metallocollagenases, particularly MMP-8 and MMP-13, where MMP-13 was the key collagenase. Ablation and adoptive transfer approaches and cell-based models demonstrated that the MMP-10-dependent collagenolytic activity was a product of alternatively activated (M2) resident macrophages. These data demonstrate a critical role for macrophage MMP-10 in controlling the tissue remodeling activity of macrophages and moderating scar formation during wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam G Rohani
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Ryan S McMahan
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maria V Razumova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Angie L Hertz
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maryelise Cieslewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy P Birkland
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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8
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Zhou N, Lee WR, Abasht B. Messenger RNA sequencing and pathway analysis provide novel insights into the biological basis of chickens' feed efficiency. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:195. [PMID: 25886891 PMCID: PMC4414306 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced selection technologies have been developed and continually optimized to improve traits of agricultural importance; however, these methods have been primarily applied without knowledge of underlying biological changes that may be induced by selection. This study aims to characterize the biological basis of differences between chickens with low and high feed efficiency (FE) with a long-term goal of improving the ability to select for FE. Results High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed on 23 breast muscle samples from commercial broiler chickens with extremely high (n = 10) and low (n = 13) FE. An average of 34 million paired-end reads (75 bp) were produced for each sample, 80% of which were properly mapped to the chicken reference genome (Ensembl Galgal4). Differential expression analysis identified 1,059 genes (FDR < 0.05) that significantly divergently expressed in breast muscle between the high- and low-FE chickens. Gene function analysis revealed that genes involved in muscle remodeling, inflammatory response and free radical scavenging were mostly up-regulated in the high-FE birds. Additionally, growth hormone and IGFs/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were enriched in differentially expressed genes, which might contribute to the high breast muscle yield in high-FE birds and partly explain the FE advantage of high-FE chickens. Conclusions This study provides novel insights into transcriptional differences in breast muscle between high- and low-FE broiler chickens. Our results show that feed efficiency is associated with breast muscle growth in these birds; furthermore, some physiological changes, e.g., inflammatory response and oxidative stress, may occur in the breast muscle of the high-FE chickens, which may be of concern for continued selection for both of these traits together in modern broiler chickens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1364-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | | | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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9
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Schulz JN, Zeltz C, Sørensen IW, Barczyk M, Carracedo S, Hallinger R, Niehoff A, Eckes B, Gullberg D. Reduced granulation tissue and wound strength in the absence of α11β1 integrin. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1435-1444. [PMID: 25634355 PMCID: PMC4407012 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous wound healing studies have failed to define a role for either α1β1 or α2β1 integrin in fibroblast-mediated wound contraction, suggesting the involvement of another collagen receptor in this process. Our previous work demonstrated that the integrin subunit α11 is highly induced during wound healing both at the mRNA and protein level, prompting us to investigate and dissect the role of the integrin α11β1 during this process. Therefore, we used mice with a global ablation of either α2 or α11 or both integrin subunits and investigated the repair of excisional wounds. Analyses of wounds demonstrated that α11β1 deficiency results in reduced granulation tissue formation and impaired wound contraction, independently of the presence of α2β1. Our combined in vivo and in vitro data further demonstrate that dermal fibroblasts lacking α11β1 are unable to efficiently convert to myofibroblasts, resulting in scar tissue with compromised tensile strength. Moreover, we suggest that the reduced stability of the scar is a consequence of poor collagen remodeling in α11−/− wounds associated with defective transforming growth factor-β–dependent JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cédric Zeltz
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ida W Sørensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Malgorzata Barczyk
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sergio Carracedo
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ralf Hallinger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Niehoff
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Mogami H, Keller PW, Shi H, Word RA. Effect of thrombin on human amnion mesenchymal cells, mouse fetal membranes, and preterm birth. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13295-307. [PMID: 24652285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.550541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated the effects of thrombin on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in fetal membranes. Thrombin activity was increased in human amnion from preterm deliveries. Treatment of mesenchymal, but not epithelial, cells with thrombin resulted in increased MMP-1 and MMP-9 mRNA and enzymatic activity. Thrombin also increased COX2 mRNA and PGE2 in these cells. Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) was localized to amnion mesenchymal and decidual cells. PAR-1-specific inhibitors and activating peptides indicated that thrombin-induced up-regulation of MMP-9 was mediated via PAR-1. In contrast, thrombin-induced up-regulation of MMP-1 and COX-2 was mediated through Toll-like receptor-4, possibly through thrombin-induced release of soluble fetal fibronectin. In vivo, thrombin-injected pregnant mice delivered preterm. Mmp8, Mmp9, and Mmp13, and PGE2 content was increased significantly in fetal membranes from thrombin-injected animals. These results indicate that thrombin acts through multiple mechanisms to activate MMPs and PGE2 synthesis in amnion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruta Mogami
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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11
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Zordan P, Rigamonti E, Freudenberg K, Conti V, Azzoni E, Rovere-Querini P, Brunelli S. Macrophages commit postnatal endothelium-derived progenitors to angiogenesis and restrict endothelial to mesenchymal transition during muscle regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1031. [PMID: 24481445 PMCID: PMC4040684 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The damage of the skeletal muscle prompts a complex and coordinated response that involves the interactions of many different cell populations and promotes inflammation, vascular remodeling and finally muscle regeneration. Muscle disorders exist in which the irreversible loss of tissue integrity and function is linked to defective neo-angiogenesis with persistence of tissue necrosis and inflammation. Here we show that macrophages (MPs) are necessary for efficient vascular remodeling in the injured muscle. In particular, MPs sustain the differentiation of endothelial-derived progenitors to contribute to neo-capillary formation, by secreting pro-angiogenic growth factors. When phagocyte infiltration is compromised endothelial-derived progenitors undergo a significant endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), possibly triggered by the activation of transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein signaling, collagen accumulates and the muscle is replaced by fibrotic tissue. Our findings provide new insights in EndoMT in the adult skeletal muscle, and suggest that endothelial cells in the skeletal muscle may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zordan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - E Rigamonti
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - K Freudenberg
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - V Conti
- 1] Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy [2] Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - E Azzoni
- 1] Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy [2] Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - P Rovere-Querini
- 1] Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy [2] San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - S Brunelli
- 1] Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy [2] Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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12
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Nelson CE, Kim AJ, Adolph EJ, Gupta MK, Yu F, Hocking KM, Davidson JM, Guelcher SA, Duvall CL. Tunable delivery of siRNA from a biodegradable scaffold to promote angiogenesis in vivo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:607-14, 506. [PMID: 24338842 PMCID: PMC3951880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A system has been engineered for temporally controlled delivery of siRNA from biodegradable tissue regenerative scaffolds. Therapeutic application of this approach to silence prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 promoted expression of pro-angiogenic genes controlled by HIF1α and enhanced scaffold vascularization in vivo. This technology provides a new standard for efficient and controllable gene silencing to modulate host response within regenerative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Nelson
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Arnold J. Kim
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Elizabeth J. Adolph
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering – Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Mukesh K. Gupta
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology – Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Kyle M. Hocking
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | | | - Scott A. Guelcher
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering – Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
- Prof. C.L. Duvall, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA,
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13
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Juneja SC. Cellular distribution and gene expression profile during flexor tendon graft repair: A novel tissue engineering approach(*). J Tissue Eng 2013; 4:2041731413492741. [PMID: 23762501 PMCID: PMC3677358 DOI: 10.1177/2041731413492741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand scar and adhesion formation during postsurgical period of intrasynovial tendon graft healing, a murine model of flexor digitorum longus tendon graft repair was developed, by utilizing flexor digitorum longus tendon allograft from donor Rosa26/+ mouse, and the healing process at days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 post surgery of host wild-type mouse was followed. Using X-gal staining, β-galactosidase positive cells of allograft origin were detectable in tissue sections of grafted tendon post surgery. Graft healing was assessed for the cellular density, scar and adhesion formation, and their interaction with surrounding tissue. From histological analysis, it was evident that the healing of intrasynovial flexor digitorum longus tendon graft takes place in an interactive environment of donor graft, host tendon, and host surrounding tissue. A total of 32 genes, analyzed by RNA analysis, expressed during healing process. Particularly, Alk1, Postn, Tnc, Tppp3, and Mkx will be further investigated for therapeutical value in reducing scars and adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash C Juneja
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA ; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Alameddine HS. Matrix metalloproteinases in skeletal muscles: Friends or foes? Neurobiol Dis 2012; 48:508-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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15
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Brisson BK, Barton ER. Insulin-like growth factor-I E-peptide activity is dependent on the IGF-I receptor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45588. [PMID: 23029120 PMCID: PMC3448668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an essential growth factor that regulates the processes necessary for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The Igf1 gene encodes mature IGF-I and a carboxy-terminal extension called the E-peptide. In rodents, alternative splicing and post-translational processing produce two E-peptides (EA and EB). EB has been studied extensively and has been reported to promote cell proliferation and migration independently of IGF-I and its receptor (IGF-IR), but the mechanism by which EB causes these actions has not been identified. Further, the properties of EA have not been evaluated. Therefore, the goals of this study were to determine if EA and EB possessed similar activity and if these actions were IGF-IR independent. We utilized synthetic peptides for EA, EB, and a scrambled control to examine cellular responses. Both E-peptides increased MAPK signaling, which was blocked by pharmacologic IGF-IR inhibition. Although the E-peptides did not directly induce IGF-IR phosphorylation, the presence of either E-peptide increased IGF-IR activation by IGF-I, and this was achieved through enhanced cell surface bioavailability of the receptor. To determine if E-peptide biological actions required the IGF-IR, we took advantage of the murine C2C12 cell line as a platform to examine the key steps of skeletal muscle proliferation, migration and differentiation. EB increased myoblast proliferation and migration while EA delayed differentiation. The proliferation and migration effects were inhibited by MAPK or IGF-IR signaling blockade. Thus, in contrast to previous studies, we find that E-peptide signaling, mitogenic, and motogenic effects are dependent upon IGF-IR. We propose that the E-peptides have little independent activity, but instead affect growth via modulating IGF-I signaling, thereby increasing the complexity of IGF-I biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky K. Brisson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth R. Barton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Toriseva M, Laato M, Carpén O, Ruohonen ST, Savontaus E, Inada M, Krane SM, Kähäri VM. MMP-13 regulates growth of wound granulation tissue and modulates gene expression signatures involved in inflammation, proteolysis, and cell viability. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42596. [PMID: 22880047 PMCID: PMC3413640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinases play a pivotal role in wound healing by regulating cell-matrix interactions and availability of bioactive molecules. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in granulation tissue growth was studied in subcutaneously implanted viscose cellulose sponge in MMP-13 knockout (Mmp13(-/-)) and wild type (WT) mice. The tissue samples were harvested at time points day 7, 14 and 21 and subjected to histological analysis and gene expression profiling. Granulation tissue growth was significantly reduced (42%) at day 21 in Mmp13(-/-) mice. Granulation tissue in Mmp13(-/-) mice showed delayed organization of myofibroblasts, increased microvascular density at day 14, and virtual absence of large vessels at day 21. Gene expression profiling identified differentially expressed genes in Mmp13(-/-) mouse granulation tissue involved in biological functions including inflammatory response, angiogenesis, cellular movement, cellular growth and proliferation and proteolysis. Among genes linked to angiogenesis, Adamts4 and Npy were significantly upregulated in early granulation tissue in Mmp13(-/-) mice, and a set of genes involved in leukocyte motility including Il6 were systematically downregulated at day 14. The expression of Pdgfd was downregulated in Mmp13(-/-) granulation tissue in all time points. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases Mmp2, Mmp3, Mmp9 was also significantly downregulated in granulation tissue of Mmp13(-/-) mice compared to WT mice. Mmp13(-/-) mouse skin fibroblasts displayed altered cell morphology and impaired ability to contract collagen gel and decreased production of MMP-2. These results provide evidence for an important role for MMP-13 in wound healing by coordinating cellular activities important in the growth and maturation of granulation tissue, including myofibroblast function, inflammation, angiogenesis, and proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Toriseva
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Laato
- Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi T. Ruohonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Masaki Inada
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen M. Krane
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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17
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Percival JM, Whitehead NP, Adams ME, Adamo CM, Beavo JA, Froehner SC. Sildenafil reduces respiratory muscle weakness and fibrosis in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Pathol 2012; 228:77-87. [PMID: 22653783 DOI: 10.1002/path.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Loss of dystrophin initiates a progressive decline in skeletal muscle integrity and contractile capacity which weakens respiratory muscles including the diaphragm, culminating in respiratory failure, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in DMD patients. At present, corticosteroid treatment is the primary pharmacological intervention in DMD, but has limited efficacy and adverse side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for new safe, cost-effective, and rapidly implementable treatments that slow disease progression. One promising new approach is the amplification of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) signalling pathways with phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. PDE5 inhibitors serve to amplify NO signalling that is attenuated in many neuromuscular diseases including DMD. We report here that a 14-week treatment of the mdx mouse model of DMD with the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil (Viagra(®), Revatio(®)) significantly reduced mdx diaphragm muscle weakness without impacting fatigue resistance. In addition to enhancing respiratory muscle contractility, sildenafil also promoted normal extracellular matrix organization. PDE5 inhibition slowed the establishment of mdx diaphragm fibrosis and reduced matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression. Sildenafil also normalized the expression of the pro-fibrotic (and pro-inflammatory) cytokine tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Sildenafil-treated mdx diaphragms accumulated significantly less Evans Blue tracer dye than untreated controls, which is also indicative of improved diaphragm muscle health. We conclude that sildenafil-mediated PDE5 inhibition significantly reduces diaphragm respiratory muscle dysfunction and pathology in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This study provides new insights into the therapeutic utility of targeting defects in NO-cGMP signalling with PDE5 inhibitors in dystrophin-deficient muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Percival
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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18
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Patterns of matrix metalloproteinases and transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression during peritoneal repair in chlorhexidine induced peritoneal fibrosis mice. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjn.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Huang Y, Zhao JX, Yan X, Zhu MJ, Long NM, McCormick RJ, Ford SP, Nathanielsz PW, Du M. Maternal obesity enhances collagen accumulation and cross-linking in skeletal muscle of ovine offspring. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31691. [PMID: 22348119 PMCID: PMC3279401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) has harmful effects on both fetal development and subsequent offspring health. We previously demonstrated that MO enhances collagen accumulation in fetal skeletal muscle, but its impact on mature offspring muscle collagen accumulation is unknown. Ewes were fed either a control diet (Con, fed 100% of NRC nutrient recommendations) or obesogenic diet (OB, fed 150% of NRC nutrient recommendations) from 60 days before conception to birth. All ewes received the Con diet during lactation. Male offspring were euthanized at 2.5 years (mean) and the left Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and semitendinosus (ST) muscle were sampled. Collagen concentration increased by 37.8±19.0% (P<0.05) in LD and 31.2±16.0% (P<0.05) in ST muscle of OB compared to Con offspring muscle. Mature collagen cross-linking (pyridinoline concentration) was increased for 22.3±7.4% and 36.3±9.9% (P<0.05) in LD and ST muscle of OB group respectively. Expression of lysyl oxidase, lysyl hydroxylase-2b (LH2b) and prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4HA) was higher in OB LD and ST muscle. In addition, the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) was lower but tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) was higher in OB offspring muscle, indicating reduced collagen remodeling. MO enhanced collagen content and cross-linking in offspring muscle, which might be partially due to reduced collagen remodeling. Our observation that the collagen content and cross-linking are enhanced in MO offspring muscle is significant, because fibrosis is known to impair muscle functions and is a hallmark of muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Jun-Xing Zhao
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Xu Yan
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Nathan M. Long
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Richard J. McCormick
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Stephen P. Ford
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Health Sciences Center, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Min Du
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Gillies AR, Lieber RL. Structure and function of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix. Muscle Nerve 2012; 44:318-31. [PMID: 21949456 DOI: 10.1002/mus.22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in muscle fiber force transmission, maintenance, and repair. In both injured and diseased states, ECM adapts dramatically, a property that has clinical manifestations and alters muscle function. Here we review the structure, composition, and mechanical properties of skeletal muscle ECM; describe the cells that contribute to the maintenance of the ECM; and, finally, overview changes that occur with pathology. New scanning electron micrographs of ECM structure are also presented with hypotheses about ECM structure–function relationships. Detailed structure–function relationships of the ECM have yet to be defined and, as a result, we propose areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Gillies
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0863, USA
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21
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Carlson MA, Chakkalakal D. Tensile properties of the murine ventral vertical midline incision. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24212. [PMID: 21915298 PMCID: PMC3168469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In clinical surgery, the vertical midline abdominal incision is popular but associated with healing failures. A murine model of the ventral vertical midline incision was developed in order to study the healing of this incision type. Methodology/Principal Findings The strength of the wild type murine ventral abdominal wall in the midline was contained within the dermis; the linea alba made a negligible contribution. Unwounded abdominal wall had a downward trend (nonsignificant) in maximal tension between 12 and 29 weeks of age. The incision attained 50% of its final strength by postoperative day 40. The maximal tension of the ventral vertical midline incision was nearly that of unwounded abdominal wall by postwounding day 60; there was no difference in unwounded vs. wounded maximal tension at postwounding day 120. Conclusions/Significance After 120 days of healing, the ventral vertical midline incision in the wild type mouse was not significantly different from age-matched nonwounded controls. About half of the final incisional strength was attained after 6 weeks of healing. The significance of this work was to establish the kinetics of wild type incisional healing in a model for which numerous genotypes and genetic tools would be available for subsequent study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Carlson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
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22
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Serrano AL, Mann CJ, Vidal B, Ardite E, Perdiguero E, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating fibrosis in skeletal muscle repair and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2011; 96:167-201. [PMID: 21621071 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385940-2.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The repair of an injured tissue is a complex biological process involving the coordinated activities of tissue-resident and infiltrating cells in response to local and systemic signals. Following acute tissue injury, inflammatory cell infiltration and activation/proliferation of resident stem cells is the first line of defense to restore tissue homeostasis. However, in the setting of chronic tissue damage, such as in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, inflammatory infiltrates persist, the ability of stem cells (satellite cells) is blocked and fibrogenic cells are continuously activated, eventually leading to the conversion of muscle into nonfunctional fibrotic tissue. This review explores our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying efficient muscle repair that are dysregulated in muscular dystrophy-associated fibrosis and in aging-related muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio L Serrano
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Cell Biology Unit, CIBERNED, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Mann CJ, Perdiguero E, Kharraz Y, Aguilar S, Pessina P, Serrano AL, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Aberrant repair and fibrosis development in skeletal muscle. Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:21. [PMID: 21798099 PMCID: PMC3156644 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair process of damaged tissue involves the coordinated activities of several cell types in response to local and systemic signals. Following acute tissue injury, infiltrating inflammatory cells and resident stem cells orchestrate their activities to restore tissue homeostasis. However, during chronic tissue damage, such as in muscular dystrophies, the inflammatory-cell infiltration and fibroblast activation persists, while the reparative capacity of stem cells (satellite cells) is attenuated. Abnormal dystrophic muscle repair and its end stage, fibrosis, represent the final common pathway of virtually all chronic neurodegenerative muscular diseases. As our understanding of the pathogenesis of muscle fibrosis has progressed, it has become evident that the muscle provides a useful model for the regulation of tissue repair by the local microenvironment, showing interplay among muscle-specific stem cells, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and extracellular matrix components of the mammalian wound-healing response. This article reviews the emerging findings of the mechanisms that underlie normal versus aberrant muscle-tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Mann
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yacine Kharraz
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Aguilar
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrizia Pessina
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Gawronska-Kozak B. Scarless skin wound healing in FOXN1 deficient (nude) mice is associated with distinctive matrix metalloproteinase expression. Matrix Biol 2011; 30:290-300. [PMID: 21539913 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Similar to mammalian fetuses FOXN1 deficient (nude) mice are able to restore the structure and integrity of injured skin in a scarless healing process by mechanisms independent of the genetic background. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are required for regular skin wound healing and the distinctive pattern of their expression has been implicated to promote scarless healing. In this study, we analyzed the temporal and spatial expression patterns of these molecules during the incisional skin wounds in adult nude mice. Macroscopic and histological analyses of skin wounds revealed an accelerated wound healing process, minimal granulation tissue formation and markedly diminished scarring in nude mice. Quantitative RT-PCR (Mmp-2, -3, -8, -9, -10, -12, -13, -14 and Timp-1, -2, -3), Western blots (MMP-13) and gelatin zymography (MMP-9) revealed that MMP-9 and MMP-13 showed a unique, bimodal pattern of up-regulation during the early and late phases of wound healing in nude mice. Immunohistochemically MMP-9 and MMP-13 were generally detected in epidermis during the early phase and in dermis during the late (remodeling) phase. Consistent with these in vivo observations, dermal fibroblasts cultured from nude mice expressed higher levels of types I and III collagen, MMP-9 and MMP-13 mRNA levels and higher MMP enzyme activity than wild type controls. Collectively, these finding suggest that the bimodal pattern of MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression during skin repair process in nude mice could be a major component of their ability for scarless healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Regenerative Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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25
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Serrano AL, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Regulation and dysregulation of fibrosis in skeletal muscle. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:3050-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Barton ER, DeMeo J, Lei H. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I E-peptides are required for isoform-specific gene expression and muscle hypertrophy after local IGF-I production. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:1069-76. [PMID: 20133429 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01308.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) coordinates proliferation and differentiation in a wide variety of cell types. The igf1 gene not only produces IGF-I, but also generates multiple carboxy-terminal extensions, the E-peptides, through alternative splicing leading to different isoforms. It is not known if the IGF-I isoforms share a common pathway for their actions, or if there are specific actions of each protein. Viral administration of murine IGF-IA, IGF-IB, and mature IGF, which lacked an E-peptide extension, was utilized to identify IGF-I isoform-specific responsive genes in muscles of young growing mice. Microarray analysis revealed responses that were driven by increased IGF-I regardless of the presence of E-peptide, such as Bcl-XL. In contrast, distinct expression patterns were observed after viral delivery of IGF-IA or IGF-IB, which included matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13). Expression of Bcl-XL was prevented when viral administration of the IGF-I isoforms was performed into muscles of MKR mice, which lack functional IGF-I receptors on the muscle fibers. However, MMP13 expression persisted under the same conditions after viral injection of IGF-IB. At 4 mo after viral delivery, expression of IGF-IA or IGF-IB promoted muscle hypertrophy, but viral delivery of mature IGF-I failed to increase muscle mass. These studies provide evidence that local production of IGF-I requires the E-peptides to drive hypertrophy in growing muscle and that both common and unique pathways exist for the IGF-I isoforms to promote biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St., 441 Levy Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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27
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Lederle W, Hartenstein B, Meides A, Kunzelmann H, Werb Z, Angel P, Mueller MM. MMP13 as a stromal mediator in controlling persistent angiogenesis in skin carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2009; 31:1175-84. [PMID: 19892798 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP13 promote tumour growth and progression by mediating extracellular matrix (ECM) reorganization and regulating the biological activity of cytokines. Using Mmp13-/- mice, we demonstrate an essential role of this single collagenase for highly malignant and invasive growth in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Lack of host MMP13 strongly impaired tumour growth of malignant SCC cells, leading to small, mostly avascular cysts. While initial stromal activation in tumour transplants of Mmp13+/+ and Mmp13-/- animals was similar, MMP13 was essential for maintenance of angiogenesis and for invasion. MMP13 was induced in fibroblasts of the wild-type animals at the onset of invasion and correlated with a strong increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein and its association with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 on endothelial cells in invasive areas. In contrast, VEGF protein in the stroma was barely detectable and tumour invasion was downregulated in Mmp13-/- animals, despite ongoing VEGF messenger RNA expression. Taken together with in vitro data showing the release of VEGF from the ECM by MMP13 expressing fibroblasts, these data strongly suggest a crucial role of MMP13 in promoting angiogenesis via releasing VEGF from the ECM and thus allowing the invasive growth of the SCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiltrud Lederle
- German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Chen X, Li Y. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in skeletal muscle: migration, differentiation, regeneration and fibrosis. Cell Adh Migr 2009; 3:337-41. [PMID: 19667757 DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.4.9338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are key regulatory molecules in the formation, remodeling and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in both physiological and pathological processes in many tissues. In skeletal muscle, MMPs play an important role in the homeostasis and maintenance of myofiber functional integrity by breaking down ECM and regulating skeletal muscle cell migration, differentiation and regeneration. Skeletal muscle satellite cells, a group of quiescent stem cells located between the basement membrane and the plasmalemma of myofibers, are responsible for lifelong maintenance and repairing, which can be activated and as a result migrate underneath the basement membrane to promote regeneration at the injured site. MMPs are able to degrade ECM components, thereby facilitating satellite cell migration and differentiation. This current review will focus on the critical roles of MMPs in skeletal muscle injury and repair, which include satellite cell activation with migration and differentiation. The effect of MMPs on muscle regeneration and fibrous scar tissue formation, as well as therapeutic insights for the future will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- The Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hattori N, Mochizuki S, Kishi K, Nakajima T, Takaishi H, D'Armiento J, Okada Y. MMP-13 plays a role in keratinocyte migration, angiogenesis, and contraction in mouse skin wound healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:533-46. [PMID: 19590036 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.081080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in wound healing. To analyze the roles of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in wound healing, we generated full-thickness cutaneous wounds in MMP-9 knockout (KO), MMP-13 KO, MMP-9/13 double KO, and wild-type mice. Macroscopic wound closure was delayed in all of the KO mice, as compared with wild-type mice. The rate of re-epithelialization was significantly delayed in MMP-9 KO and MMP-13 KO mice and remarkably delayed in MMP-9/13 double KO mice, as compared with wild-type mice. Both MMP-9 and MMP-13 were expressed by the leading edges of epidermal cells in wild-type mice, and the migration of keratinocytes was suppressed by treatment with an MMP inhibitor or transfection of small interfering RNAs for MMP-9 or MMP-13, as compared with controls. The vascular density in wound granulation was significantly lower in both MMP-13 KO and MMP-9/13 double KO mice than in wild-type mice. Degradation of connective tissue growth factor in wound tissue was transiently prevented in MMP-13 KO mice. Morphometric analyses demonstrated a reduction in both wound contraction and myofibroblast formation in both MMP-13 KO and MMP-9/13 double KO mice. Proliferation and transforming growth factor-beta1-induced myofibroblast differentiation of dermal fibroblasts from MMP-13 KO mice were decreased, as compared with wild-type dermal fibroblasts. These data suggest that MMP-13 plays a role in keratinocyte migration, angiogenesis, and contraction in wound healing, while MMP-9 functions in keratinocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Hattori
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
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Kyriakides TR, Wulsin D, Skokos EA, Fleckman P, Pirrone A, Shipley JM, Senior RM, Bornstein P. Mice that lack matrix metalloproteinase-9 display delayed wound healing associated with delayed reepithelization and disordered collagen fibrillogenesis. Matrix Biol 2009; 28:65-73. [PMID: 19379668 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-9) is involved in processes that occur during cutaneous wound healing such as inflammation, matrix remodeling, and epithelialization, To investigate its role in healing, full thickness skin wounds were made in the dorsal region of MMP-9-null and control mice and harvested up to 14 days post wounding. Gross examination and histological and immunohistochemical analysis indicated delayed healing in MMP-9-null mice. Specifically, MMP-9-null wounds displayed compromised reepithelialization and reduced clearance of fibrin clots. In addition, they exhibited abnormal matrix deposition, as evidenced by the irregular alignment of immature collagen fibers. Despite the presence of matrix abnormalities, MMP-9-null wounds displayed normal tensile strength. Ultrastructural analysis of wounds revealed the presence of large collagen fibrils, some with irregular shape. Keratinocyte proliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis were found to be normal in MMP-9-null wounds. In addition, VEGF levels were similar in control and MMP-9-null wound extracts. To investigate the importance of MMP-9 in wound reepithelialization we tested human and murine keratinocytes in a wound migration assay and found that antibody-based blockade of MMP-9 function or MMP-9 deficiency retarded migration. Collectively, our observations reveal defective healing in MMP-9-null mice and suggest that MMP-9 is required for normal progression of wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themis R Kyriakides
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
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Maclauchlan S, Skokos EA, Agah A, Zeng J, Tian W, Davidson JM, Bornstein P, Kyriakides TR. Enhanced angiogenesis and reduced contraction in thrombospondin-2-null wounds is associated with increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9, and soluble VEGF. J Histochem Cytochem 2008; 57:301-13. [PMID: 19029404 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2008.952689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-2 (TSP2) is an inhibitor of angiogenesis with pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on endothelial cells. Mice deficient in this matricellular protein display improved recovery from ischemia and accelerated wound healing associated with alterations in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. In this study, we probed the function of TSP2 by performing a detailed analysis of dermal wounds and wound-derived fibroblasts. Specifically, we analyzed incisional wounds by tensiometry and found no differences in strength recovery between wild-type and TSP2-null mice. In addition, analysis of full-thickness excisional wounds by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick-end labeling stain and MIB-5 immunohistochemistry revealed similar numbers of apoptotic and proliferating cells, respectively. In contrast, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor were increased in wounds of TSP2-null mice. Evaluation of the ability of TSP2-null wound fibroblasts to contract collagen gels revealed that it was compromised, even though TSP2-null wounds displayed normal myofibroblast content. Therefore, we conclude that the lack of TSP2 leads to aberrant extracellular matrix remodeling, increased neovascularization, and reduced contraction due in part to elevated levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These observations provide in vivo supporting evidence for a newly proposed function of TSP2 as a modulator of extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Maclauchlan
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and Departments of Pathology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Wilmink GJ, Opalenik SR, Beckham JT, Mackanos MA, Nanney LB, Contag CH, Davidson JM, Jansen ED. In-vivo optical imaging of hsp70 expression to assess collateral tissue damage associated with infrared laser ablation of skin. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2008; 13:054066. [PMID: 19021444 PMCID: PMC3840494 DOI: 10.1117/1.2992594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laser surgical ablation is achieved by selecting laser parameters that remove confined volumes of target tissue and cause minimal collateral damage. Previous studies have measured the effects of wavelength on ablation, but neglected to measure the cellular impact of ablation on cells outside the lethal zone. In this study, we use optical imaging in addition to conventional assessment techniques to evaluate lethal and sublethal collateral damage after ablative surgery with a free-electron laser (FEL). Heat shock protein (HSP) expression is used as a sensitive quantitative marker of sublethal damage in a transgenic mouse strain, with the hsp70 promoter driving luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression (hsp70A1-L2G). To examine the wavelength dependence in the mid-IR, laser surgery is conducted on the hsp70A1-L2G mouse using wavelengths targeting water (OH stretch mode, 2.94 microm), protein (amide-II band, 6.45 microm), and both water and protein (amide-I band, 6.10 microm). For all wavelengths tested, the magnitude of hsp70 expression is dose-dependent and maximal 5 to 12 h after surgery. Tissues treated at 6.45 microm have approximately 4x higher hsp70 expression than 6.10 microm. Histology shows that under comparable fluences, tissue injury at the 2.94-microm wavelength was 2x and 3x deeper than 6.45 and 6.10 microm, respectively. The 6.10-microm wavelength generates the least amount of epidermal hyperplasia. Taken together, this data suggests that the 6.10-microm wavelength is a superior wavelength for laser ablation of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Wilmink
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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Rosch R, Junge K, Binnebösel M, Mirgartz N, Klinge U, Schumpelick V. Improved abdominal wall wound healing by helium pneumoperitoneum. Surg Endosc 2008; 20:1892-6. [PMID: 17024535 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-005-0816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite widespread use of the endoscopic technique in the treatment of inguinal and incisional hernias, knowledge about its impact on abdominal wall wound healing is rare. Questions remain regarding the risk of port-site hernias and hernia recurrence. The current study investigated the gas-dependent effects of pneumoperitoneum on laparotomy wound healing. METHODS Laparotomy was performed in 54 male Sprague-Dawley rats. A carbon dioxide (n = 18) or helium (n = 18) pneumoperitoneum of 3 mmHg was maintained before and after laparotomy, with an overall duration of 30 min. The rats in the control group (n = 18) received no pneumoperitoneum. The animals were killed after 5 and 10 days, and the abdominal wall was explanted for subsequent histopathologic examinations of the laparotomy wound. The granuloma formation in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections was analyzed. Infiltration of macrophages (CD68) and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8 and MMP-13) were examined by immunohistochemistry. The collagen type 1 to type 3 ratio was investigated by cross-polarization microscopy after Sirius Red staining. RESULTS After 5 and 10 days, the percentages of CD68-positive cells, granuloma formation, and expression of MMP-8 did not differ between the groups. In contrast, after both 5 and 10 days, the expression of MMP-13 and the collagen 1 to 3 ratio were significantly higher after helium pneumoperitoneum than in the control animals. CONCLUSION The results suggest that helium pneumoperitoneum may ameliorate wound healing within the abdominal wall and could therefore represent a beneficial gas for endoscopic hernia repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rosch
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Gilliver SC, Ruckshanthi JPD, Atkinson SJ, Ashcroft GS. Androgens influence expression of matrix proteins and proteolytic factors during cutaneous wound healing. J Transl Med 2007; 87:871-81. [PMID: 17607299 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive proteolytic activity is a feature of chronic wounds such as venous ulcers, in which resolution of the inflammatory response fails and restorative matrix accumulation is delayed as a consequence. The inflammatory actions of native androgens during the healing of acute skin wounds have lately been characterized. We have now investigated the hypothesis that such activities may impact upon the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes during wound healing. We report that wound deposition of both type I collagen and fibronectin is increased in castrated rats compared with control animals. This response is accompanied by early increases and later decreases in overall wound levels of the key collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-13. Moreover, the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9, two further enzymes that contribute to collagen digestion during venous ulceration, were significantly decreased in the wounds of castrated rats. Additional analyses provide evidence that androgens directly stimulate dermal fibroblast collagen production, which supports the suggestion that increased wound collagen deposition in androgen-deprived rats results from reduced matrix degradation (as opposed to enhanced matrix protein biosynthesis). Androgen-mediated dysregulation of the parallel processes of collagen deposition and turnover may underscore the delayed healing of cutaneous wounds in elderly male patients and further contribute to the increased incidence of non-healing wounds in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Gilliver
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester, UK
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House AK, Catchpole B, Gregory SP. Matrix metalloproteinase mRNA expression in canine anal furunculosis lesions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 115:68-75. [PMID: 17125846 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the aetiology of anal furunculosis (AF) in dogs is poorly understood, there is evidence for an underlying immune dysfunction. This is illustrated by the presence of a T helper type 1 cytokine mRNA profile in AF lesions and the clinical response to ciclosporin therapy. Expression of MMPs 2, 9 and 13 were evaluated in AF lesional biopsies by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. There was significantly increased expression of both MMP-9 and MMP-13 mRNA in AF biopsies compared to controls (p<0.001) but no significant difference in MMP-2 mRNA expression. Since MMP-9 and MMP-13 are primarily produced by macrophages, these data suggest that ulceration could be the result of aberrant activation of this cell type in the tissues. It is feasible that such pathological macrophage activity occurs in response to interferon-gamma secreted by T helper type 1 cells. This could explain why the lesions resolve following treatment with the immunosuppressive drug ciclosporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K House
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.
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Davis GE, Saunders WB. Molecular balance of capillary tube formation versus regression in wound repair: role of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2006; 11:44-56. [PMID: 17069010 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jidsymp.5650008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the identification of distinct matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors that differentially control the processes of capillary tube formation (morphogenesis) versus capillary tube regression in three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices. This work directly relates to both granulation tissue formation and regression during wound repair. The membrane metalloproteinase, MT1-MMP (MMP-14), is required for endothelial cell (EC) tube formation using in vitro assays that mimic vasculogenesis or angiogenic sprouting in 3D collagen matrices. These events are markedly blocked by small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppression of MT1-MMP in ECs or by addition of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-2,-3, and -4 but not TIMP-1. In contrast, MMP-1 and MMP-10 are strongly induced during EC tube formation to regulate the process of tube regression (following activation by serine proteases) rather than formation. TIMP-1, which selectively inhibits soluble MMPs, blocks tube regression by inhibiting MMP-1 and MMP-10 while having no influence on EC tube formation. siRNA suppression of MMP-1 and MMP-10 markedly blocks tube regression without affecting tube formation. Furthermore, we discuss that pericyte-induced stabilization of EC tube networks in our model system appears to occur through EC-derived TIMP-2 and pericyte-derived TIMP-3 to block both the capillary tube formation and regression pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Davis
- Department of Pathology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, USA.
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Wilmink GJ, Opalenik SR, Beckham JT, Davidson JM, Jansen ED. Assessing laser-tissue damage with bioluminescent imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:041114. [PMID: 16965142 DOI: 10.1117/1.2339012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective medical laser procedures are achieved by selecting laser parameters that minimize undesirable tissue damage. Traditionally, human subjects, animal models, and monolayer cell cultures have been used to study wound healing, tissue damage, and cellular effects of laser radiation. Each of these models has significant limitations, and consequently, a novel skin model is needed. To this end, a highly reproducible human skin model that enables noninvasive and longitudinal studies of gene expression was sought. In this study, we present an organotypic raft model (engineered skin) used in combination with bioluminescent imaging (BLI) techniques. The efficacy of the raft model was validated and characterized by investigating the role of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as a sensitive marker of thermal damage. The raft model consists of human cells incorporated into an extracellular matrix. The raft cultures were transfected with an adenovirus containing a murine hsp70 promoter driving transcription of luciferase. The model enables quantitative analysis of spatiotemporal expression of proteins using BLI. Thermal stress was induced on the raft cultures by means of a constant temperature water bath or with a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (lambda=10.6 microm, 0.679 to 2.262 Wcm2, cw, unfocused Gaussian beam, omegaL=4.5 mm, 1 min exposure). The bioluminescence was monitored noninvasively with an IVIS 100 Bioluminescent Imaging System. BLI indicated that peak hsp70 expression occurs 4 to 12 h after exposure to thermal stress. A minimum irradiance of 0.679 Wcm2 activated the hsp70 response, and a higher irradiance of 2.262 Wcm2 was associated with a severe reduction in hsp70 response due to tissue ablation. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that hsp70 mRNA levels increased with prolonged heating exposures. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent protein assays confirmed that luciferase was an accurate surrogate for hsp70 intracellular protein levels. Hematoxylin and eosin stains verified the presence of the thermally denatured tissue regions. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that maximal hsp70 expression occurred at a depth of 150 microm. Bioluminescent microscopy was employed to corroborate these findings. These results indicate that quantitative BLI in engineered tissue equivalents provides a powerful model that enables sequential gene expression studies. Such a model can be used as a high throughput screening platform for laser-tissue interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Wilmink
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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Jansen ED, Pickett PM, Mackanos MA, Virostko J. Effect of optical tissue clearing on spatial resolution and sensitivity of bioluminescence imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:041119. [PMID: 16965147 DOI: 10.1117/1.2337651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful method of in vivo molecular imaging based on the use of optically active luciferase reporter genes. Although this method provides superior sensitivity relative to other in vivo imaging methods, spatial resolution is poor due to light scattering. The objective of this study was to use hyperosmotic agents to reduce the scattering coefficient and hence improve spatial resolution of the BLI method. A diffusing fiber tip was used to simulate an isotropic point source of bioluminescence emission (550 to 650 nm). Mouse skin was treated in vitro and in vivo with glycerol (50%, 30 min) and measurements of optical properties, and imaging photon counts were made before, during, and after application of glycerol to the skin sample. Glycerol application to mouse skin had little effect on the absorption coefficient but reduced the reduced scattering coefficient by more than one order of magnitude. This effect was reversible. Consequently, the spot size (i.e., spatial resolution) of the bioluminescence point source imaged through the skin decreased by a factor of 2 (550-nm light) to 3 (650-nm light) after 30 min. Simultaneously, an almost twofold decrease in the amount of light detected by the BLI system was observed, despite the fact that total transmission increased 1.7 times. We have shown here that multiply scattered light is responsible for both observations. We have shown that applying a hyperosmotic clearing agent to the skin of small rodents has the potential to improve spatial resolution of BLI owing to a reduction in the reduced scattering coefficient in the skin by one order of magnitude. However, reducing the scattering coefficient reduces the amount of light reaching the camera due to a reduction in the amount of multiply scattered light that reaches the camera aperture and thus reducing the sensitivity of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Duco Jansen
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B #351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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Zhang ZG, Bothe I, Hirche F, Zweers M, Gullberg D, Pfitzer G, Krieg T, Eckes B, Aumailley M. Interactions of primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes with extracellular matrix proteins: contribution of α2β1 integrin. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:1886-95. [PMID: 16636073 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The α2β1 integrin is a collagen-binding protein with very high affinity for collagen I. It also binds several other collagens and laminins and it is expressed by many cells, including keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the skin. In the past, α2β1 integrin was suggested to be responsible for cell attachment, spreading and migration on monomeric collagen I and contraction of three-dimensional collagen lattices. In view of these functions, normal development and fertility in integrin α2-deficient mice, which we generated by targeting the integrin α2 gene, came as a surprise. This suggested the existence of compensatory mechanisms that we investigate here using primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes isolated from wild-type and α2-deficient mice, antibodies blocking integrin function and downregulation of integrin α2 expression. The results show that the α2β1 integrin is absolutely required for keratinocyte adhesion to collagens whereas for fibroblasts other collagen-binding integrins partially back-up the lack of α2β1 in simple adhesion to collagen monomers. A prominent requirement for α2β1 integrins became apparent when fibroblasts executed mechanical tasks of high complexity in three-dimensional surroundings, such as contracting free-floating collagen gels and developing isometric forces in tethered lattices. The deficits observed for α2-deficient fibroblasts appeared to be linked to alterations in the distribution of force-bearing focal adhesions and deregulation of Rho-GTPase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Liu W, Ding I, Chen K, Olschowka J, Xu J, Hu D, Morrow GR, Okunieff P. Interleukin 1beta (IL1B) signaling is a critical component of radiation-induced skin fibrosis. Radiat Res 2006; 165:181-91. [PMID: 16435917 DOI: 10.1667/rr3478.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, is directly up-regulated by radiation and is known to regulate other inflammation-related molecules, such as the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs). However, the nature of the interaction of IL1B with MMPs and TIMPs in radiation-induced skin fibrosis is unknown. We examined the response of primary dermal keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells to single-fraction radiation (10 Gy) and compared the results to a temporal sequence of histology from irradiated C57BL/6 and IL1R1 knockout mice. These studies showed that keratinocytes are the major IL1-producing cells in vitro and that radiation induces an immediate and chronic elevation in the expression of IL1B mRNA in the skin of C57BL/6 mice. This elevation was principally early and was less pronounced in the IL1R1 knockout strain, which also demonstrated reduced late radiation fibrosis. Radiation also increased expression of MMP mRNA in C57BL/6 mice. Finally, exogenous IL1B protein induced robust endogenous IL1B mRNA expression, along with a brisk increase in MMPs and collagen III, but only in the C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that IL1B plays a critical role in radiation-induced fibrosis and that the increased MMPs fail to block the IL1-related collagen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Hartenstein B, Dittrich BT, Stickens D, Heyer B, Vu TH, Teurich S, Schorpp-Kistner M, Werb Z, Angel P. Epidermal development and wound healing in matrix metalloproteinase 13-deficient mice. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:486-96. [PMID: 16374453 PMCID: PMC2767339 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of the extracellular matrix, which is an indispensable step in tissue remodelling processes such as embryonic development and wound healing of the skin, has been attributed to collagenolytic activity of members of the matrix metalloproteinase family (MMPs). Here, we employed mmp13 knockout mice to elucidate the function of MMP13 in embryonic skin development, skin homeostasis, and cutaneous wound healing. Overall epidermal architecture and dermal composition of non-injured skin were indistinguishable from wild-type mice. Despite robust expression of MMP13 in the early phase of wound healing, wild-type and mmp13 knockout animals did not differ in their efficiency of re-epithelialization, inflammatory response, granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, and restoration of basement membrane. Yet, among other MMPs also expressed during wound healing, MMP8 was found to be enhanced in wounds of MMP13-deficient mice. In summary, skin homeostasis and also tissue remodelling processes like embryonic skin development and cutaneous wound healing are independent of MMP13 either owing to MMP13 dispensability or owing to functional substitution by other collagenolytic proteinases such as MMP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hartenstein
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Thilo Dittrich
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominique Stickens
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Babette Heyer
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thiennu H. Vu
- Department of Medicine and Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sibylle Teurich
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control (A100), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Wells J, Kao C, Jansen ED, Konrad P, Mahadevan-Jansen A. Application of infrared light for in vivo neural stimulation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2005; 10:064003. [PMID: 16409069 DOI: 10.1117/1.2121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for damage-free, artifact-free stimulation of neural tissue using pulsed, low-energy infrared laser light is presented. Optical stimulation elicits compound nerve and muscle potentials similar to responses obtained with conventional electrical neural stimulation in a rat sciatic nerve model. Stimulation and damage thresholds were determined as a function of wavelength using a tunable free electron laser source (lambda = 2 to 10 microm) and a solid state holmium:YAG laser (lambda = 2.12 microm). Threshold radiant exposure required for stimulation varies with wavelength from 0.312 Jcm2 (lambda = 3 microm) to 1.22 Jcm2 (lambda = 2.1 microm). Histological analysis indicates no discernable thermal damage with suprathreshold stimulation. The largest damage/stimulation threshold ratios (>6) were at wavelengths corresponding to valleys in the IR spectrum of soft tissue absorption (4 and 2.1 microm). Furthermore, optical stimulation can be used to generate a spatially selective response in small fascicles of the sciatic nerve that has significant advantages (e.g., noncontact, spatial resolution, lack of stimulation artifact) over conventional electrical methods in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in neuroscience, neurology, and neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Wells
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Box 351631, Station B, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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Bilic M, Bumber Z, Blagaic AB, Batelja L, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, given locally, improves CO2 laser healing in mice. Burns 2005; 31:310-5. [PMID: 15774286 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2004.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 10/05/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV; mol. wt. 1419), which is at present in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, has been shown to counteract healing impairment by systemic corticosteroids in burned mice, both in vivo and in vitro, in the absence of carrier or protease inhibitor. Because of the particular healing problems associated with laser use, we have now studied the effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on CO(2) laser injuries (Sharplan 1075 laser: 20 W, distance 12.5 cm, spot size 0.8 mm and exposure time 1s) created on the dorsal skin of anaesthetised male NMRI-Hannover mice. The injury was either not treated or treated by topical application of a thin layer of neutral cream containing pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (1 microg, 1 ng or 1 pg (dissolved in saline)/g) or vehicle only, once daily, with the first application 60 min after injury and the last 24 h before killing (1, 7 and 21 days after the laser application). BPC 157 consistently improved healing after the CO(2) laser injury, both macroscopically and microscopically. The effect was produced with a simple method of application and favourable peptide stability (no carrier), and confirms the effectiveness of an ointment containing 1 microg BPC 157 (dissolved in saline)/g neutral cream.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Wu N, Davidson JM. Migration inhibitory factor-related protein (MRP)8 and MRP14 are differentially expressed in free-electron laser and scalpel incisions. Wound Repair Regen 2004; 12:327-36. [PMID: 15225211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2004.012313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Incisions made in mouse skin by scalpel or the free-electron laser heal at different rates. To identify genes that are differentially expressed in free-electron laser or scalpel wounds, we isolated total RNA from free-electron laser- or scalpel-produced incisions and normal skin at day 7 postwounding. cDNA microarray analysis identified 89 of 15,000 genes in a mouse microarray as having significantly different expression levels. Migration inhibitory factor-related protein (MRP) 14 was almost 30 times more highly expressed in scalpel wounds than in free-electron laser wounds. This result was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, which also showed that scalpel wounds expressed higher levels of MRP8, a related S100 protein that can heterodimerize with MRP14, at days 2, 7, and 14 postwounding. Free-electron laser wounds also showed elevated expression of MRP8 and MRP14 relative to normal skin. In situ hybridization showed that the patterns of MRP14 and MRP8 expression in free-electron laser and scalpel wound tissues were similar. MRP14 and MRP8 were expressed in the dermal wound margin, while a very low level of MRP14 and MRP8 expression was seen in the migrating epidermis. Dual immunofluorescence staining for MRP14 or MRP8 and macrophage (F4/80) showed that most of the wound macrophages simultaneously expressed MRP14 and MRP8. Some expression was also found in neutrophils, while neither antigen accumulated to a significant degree in the epidermis. Relatively lower MRP8 and 14 expression in free-electron laser wounds was correlated with a higher level of matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression and a reduced rate of wound healing. While the regulation of MRP8 expression in mouse may be different from human skin, we suggest that elevated expression of MRP8 and MRP14 may have a relevant therapeutic effect against inflammation in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjun Wu
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2561, USA
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