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Bacterial agents (3rd section). Transfusion 2024; 64 Suppl 1:S208-S242. [PMID: 38394040 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
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Lloyd V, Cox M, Bailey J, Roy C. Patient Lyme disease websites prioritize science; public health websites prioritize consistent messaging-Comment on 'Lyme disease prevention: A content analysis of Canadian patient group and government websites'. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:854-858. [PMID: 33749140 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vett Lloyd
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Marilyn Cox
- Mount St. Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jane Bailey
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Chris Roy
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
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3
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McCullough J. Transfusion‐Transmitted Diseases. Transfus Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119599586.ch17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Liang L, Wang J, Schorter L, Nguyen Trong TP, Fell S, Ulrich S, Straubinger RK. Rapid clearance of Borrelia burgdorferi from the blood circulation. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:191. [PMID: 32312278 PMCID: PMC7171858 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Borrelia burgdorferi is a tick-borne spirochete that causes Lyme borreliosis (LB). After an initial tick bite, it spreads from the deposition site in the dermis to distant tissues of the host. It is generally believed that this spirochete disseminates via the hematogenous route. Borrelia persica causes relapsing fever and is able to replicate in the blood stream. Currently the exact dissemination pathway of LB pathogens in the host is not known and controversially discussed. Methods In this study, we established a strict intravenous infection murine model using host-adapted spirochetes. Survival capacity and infectivity of host-adapted B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bbss) were compared to those of B. persica (Bp) after either intradermal (ID) injection into the dorsal skin of immunocompetent mice or strict intravenous (IV) inoculation via the jugular vein. By in vitro culture and PCR, viable spirochetes and their DNA load in peripheral blood were periodically monitored during a 49/50-day course post-injection, as well as in various tissue samples collected at day 49/50. Specific antibodies in individual plasma/serum samples were detected with serological methods. Results Regardless of ID or IV injection, DNA of Bp was present in blood samples up to day 24 post-challenge, while no Bbss was detectable in the blood circulation during the complete observation period. In contrast to the brain tropism of Bp, Bbss spirochetes were found in ear, skin, joint, bladder, and heart tissue samples of only ID-inoculated mice. All tested tissues collected from IV-challenged mice were negative for traces of Bbss. ELISA testing of serum samples showed that Bp induced gradually increasing antibody levels after ID or IV inoculation, while Bbss did so only after ID injection but not after IV inoculation. Conclusions This study allows us to draw the following conclusions: (i) Bp survives in the blood and disseminates to the host’s brain via the hematogenous route; and (ii) Bbss, in contrast, is cleared rapidly from the blood stream and is a tissue-bound spirochete.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Liucun Liang
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, USA.,Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lucas Schorter
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thu Phong Nguyen Trong
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shari Fell
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Chemisches Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Sigmaringen, Fidelis-Graf-Straße 1, 72488, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulrich
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard K Straubinger
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Pavia CS, Plummer MM. Transfusion-Associated Lyme Disease - Although Unlikely, It Is Still a Concern Worth Considering. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2070. [PMID: 30233543 PMCID: PMC6131610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though hematogenous spread of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, has been well documented, and there are more than 300,000 cases per year of Lyme disease in the United States, no evidence (anecdotal or published) of transfusion-associated Lyme disease has been reported. Such a possibility would seem to exist but various factors, as discussed in this perspective, make this less likely to occur. Nonetheless, if not done already, safeguards need to be put in place at blood collection and dispensing facilities, possibly with the assistance of diagnostic microbiology and immunology laboratories, to ensure that the potential for the transfer of the Lyme disease spirochete through a blood transfusion remains a theoretical consideration rather than a real possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S. Pavia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria M. Plummer
- Department of Clinical Specialties, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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6
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Wang L, Liu Z, Dai S, Yan J, Wise MJ. The Sit-and-Wait Hypothesis in Bacterial Pathogens: A Theoretical Study of Durability and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2167. [PMID: 29209284 PMCID: PMC5701638 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intriguing sit-and-wait hypothesis predicts that bacterial durability in the external environment is positively correlated with their virulence. Since its first proposal in 1987, the hypothesis has been spurring debates in terms of its validity in the field of bacterial virulence. As a special case of the vector-borne transmission versus virulence tradeoff, where vector is now replaced by environmental longevity, there are only sporadic studies over the last three decades showing that environmental durability is possibly linked with virulence. However, no systematic study of these works is currently available and epidemiological analysis has not been updated for the sit-and-wait hypothesis since the publication of Walther and Ewald's (2004) review. In this article, we put experimental evidence, epidemiological data and theoretical analysis together to support the sit-and-wait hypothesis. According to the epidemiological data in terms of gain and loss of virulence (+/-) and durability (+/-) phenotypes, we classify bacteria into four groups, which are: sit-and-wait pathogens (++), vector-borne pathogens (+-), obligate-intracellular bacteria (--), and free-living bacteria (-+). After that, we dive into the abundant bacterial proteomic data with the assistance of bioinformatics techniques in order to investigate the two factors at molecular level thanks to the fast development of high-throughput sequencing technology. Sequences of durability-related genes sourced from Gene Ontology and UniProt databases and virulence factors collected from Virulence Factor Database are used to search 20 corresponding bacterial proteomes in batch mode for homologous sequences via the HMMER software package. Statistical analysis only identified a modest, and not statistically significant correlation between mortality and survival time for eight non-vector-borne bacteria with sit-and-wait potentials. Meanwhile, through between-group comparisons, bacteria with higher host-mortality are significantly more durable in the external environment. The results of bioinformatics analysis correspond well with epidemiological data, that is, non-vector-borne pathogens with sit-and-wait potentials have higher number of virulence and durability genes compared with other bacterial groups. However, the conclusions are constrained by the relatively small bacterial sample size and non-standardized experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhanzhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shiyun Dai
- School of Anaesthesia, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- Clinical Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Michael J. Wise
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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7
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Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases. Transfus Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119236504.ch15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ginzburg Y, Kessler D, Kang S, Shaz B, Wormser GP. Why hasBorrelia burgdorferinot been transmitted by blood transfusion? Transfusion 2013; 53:2822-6. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Ginzburg
- Medical Programs and Services; New York Blood Center; New York New York
- Pathology Department; SUNY Downstate Medical Center; Brooklyn New York
- Division of Infectious Diseases; New York Medical College; Valhalla New York
| | - Debra Kessler
- Medical Programs and Services; New York Blood Center; New York New York
- Pathology Department; SUNY Downstate Medical Center; Brooklyn New York
- Division of Infectious Diseases; New York Medical College; Valhalla New York
| | - Steven Kang
- Medical Programs and Services; New York Blood Center; New York New York
- Pathology Department; SUNY Downstate Medical Center; Brooklyn New York
- Division of Infectious Diseases; New York Medical College; Valhalla New York
| | - Beth Shaz
- Medical Programs and Services; New York Blood Center; New York New York
- Pathology Department; SUNY Downstate Medical Center; Brooklyn New York
- Division of Infectious Diseases; New York Medical College; Valhalla New York
| | - Gary P. Wormser
- Medical Programs and Services; New York Blood Center; New York New York
- Pathology Department; SUNY Downstate Medical Center; Brooklyn New York
- Division of Infectious Diseases; New York Medical College; Valhalla New York
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9
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Transfusion‐Transmitted Diseases. Transfus Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781444398748.ch15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Abstract
The pathogens that cause Lyme disease (LD), human anaplasmosis, and babesiosis can coexist in Ixodes ticks and cause human coinfections. Although the risk of human coinfection differs by geographic location, the true prevalence of coinfecting pathogens among Ixodes ticks remains largely unknown for the majority of geographic locations. The prevalence of dually infected Ixodes ticks appears highest among ticks from regions of North America and Europe where LD is endemic, with reported prevalences of < or =28%. In North America and Europe, the majority of tick-borne coinfections occur among humans with diagnosed LD. Humans coinfected with LD and babesiosis appear to have more intense, prolonged symptoms than those with LD alone. Coinfected persons can also manifest diverse, influenza-like symptoms, and abnormal laboratory test results are frequently observed. Coinfecting pathogens might alter the efficiency of transmission, cause cooperative or competitive pathogen interactions, and alter disease severity among hosts. No prospective studies to assess the immunologic effects of coinfection among humans have been conducted, but animal models demonstrate that certain coinfections can modulate the immune response. Clinicians should consider the likelihood of coinfection when pursuing laboratory testing or selecting therapy for patients with tick-borne illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Swanson
- Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, Office of Workforce and Career Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Gabitzsch ES, Piesman J, Dolan MC, Sykes CM, Zeidner NS. Transfer of Borrelia Burgdorferi s.s. Infection via Blood Transfusion in a Murine Model. J Parasitol 2006; 92:869-70. [PMID: 16995409 DOI: 10.1645/ge-833r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Without antibiotic treatment, the Lyme-disease-causing bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi can be cultured from the peripheral blood of human patients nearly 6 wk post-tick bite. To determine if Lyme disease spirochetes can be transmitted from a spirochetemic donor mouse to a naive recipient during blood transfusion, blood taken from immunocompetent infected mice was transfused into either immunodeficient (SCID) mice, inbred immunocompetent animals (C3H/HeJ), or outbred mice. Nine of 19 (47.7%) immunodeficient mice, 7 of 15 (46.8%) inbred immunocompetent mice, and 6 of 10 (60.0%) outbred mice became infected with B. burgdorferi after transfusion. Our results indicate that it is possible to acquire B. burgdoferi infection via transfused blood in a mouse model of Lyme borreliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Gabitzsch
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
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13
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Pineda A, McCullough J, Benjamin RJ, Cable R, Strauss RG, Burgstaler E, Porter S, Lin L, Metzel P, Conlan MG. Pathogen inactivation of platelets with a photochemical treatment with amotosalen HCl and ultraviolet light: process used in the SPRINT trial. Transfusion 2006; 46:562-71. [PMID: 16584432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A photochemical treatment (PCT) system has been developed to inactivate a broad spectrum of pathogens and white blood cells in platelet (PLT) products. The system comprises PLT additive solution (PAS III), amotosalen HCl, a compound adsorption device (CAD), a microprocessor-controlled ultraviolet A light source, and a commercially assembled system of interconnected plastic containers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A clinical prototype of the PCT system was used in a large, randomized, controlled, double-blind, Phase III clinical trial (SPRINT) that compared the efficacy and safety of PCT apheresis PLTs to untreated apheresis PLTs. The ability of multiple users was assessed in a blood center setting to perform the PCT and meet target process specifications. RESULTS Each parameter was evaluated for 2237 to 2855 PCT PLT products. PCT requirements with respect to mean PLT dose, volume, and plasma content were met. Transfused PCT PLT products contained a mean of 3.6 x 10(11) +/- 0.7 x 10(11) PLTs. The clinical process, which included trial-specific samples, resulted in a mean PLT loss of 0.8 x 10(11) +/- 0.6 x 10(11) PLTs per product. CAD treatment effectively reduced the amotosalen concentration from a mean of 31.9 +/- 5.3 micromol per L after illumination to a mean of 0.41 +/- 0.56 micromol per L after CAD. In general, there was little variation between sites for any parameter. CONCLUSIONS The PCT process was successfully implemented by 12 blood centers in the United States to produce PCT PLTs used in a prospective, randomized trial where therapeutic efficacy of PCT PLTs was demonstrated. Process control was achieved under blood bank operating conditions.
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14
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Littman MP, Goldstein RE, Labato MA, Lappin MR, Moore GE. ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Lyme Disease in Dogs: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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15
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Montgomery RR, Malawista SE. Borrelia burgdorferi and the macrophage: routine annihilation but occasional haven? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 10:154-7. [PMID: 15275485 DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(94)90268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent for Lyme disease, has a typical pattern of bacterial interaction with phagocytes: attachment, stimulation o f release o f inflammatory mediators and, in most cases, ingestion and killing. Spirochetes are killed extracellulorly by antibody plus complement via the classical pathway, as well as by phagocytes through apparently nonoxidative means. Yet rare persistent spirochetes (mutants?) have been identified both in patients' tissues and in cells grown in vitro. Ruth Montgomery and Stephen Malawista here ask: are some Borrelia wolves in sheeps' clothing, evading macrophage anti-microbial action?
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Cable RG, Leiby DA. Risk and prevention of transfusion-transmitted babesiosis and other tick-borne diseases. Curr Opin Hematol 2004; 10:405-11. [PMID: 14564169 DOI: 10.1097/00062752-200311000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tick-borne diseases have increasingly been recognized in the United States as public health problems. The importance of tick-borne diseases has been accelerated by increases in animal populations, as well as increased human recreation in wooded environments that are conducive to tick bites. Babesiosis, usually caused by the intraerythrocytic parasite, Babesia microti and transmitted by the same tick as Lyme disease, has important transfusion implications. Although Lyme disease has not been reported from blood transfusion, newly identified tick-borne diseases such as ehrlichiosis raise additional questions about the role of the tick in transfusion-transmitted diseases. RECENT FINDINGS The risk of transfusion-transmitted babesiosis is higher than usually appreciated and in endemic areas represents a major threat to the blood supply. Furthermore, the geographic range of B. microti is expanding, other Babesia spp. have been implicated in transfusion transmission in the western United States, and the movement of blood donors and donated blood components may result in the appearance of transfusion babesiosis in areas less familiar with these parasites. Consequently, a higher degree of clinical suspicion will allow early recognition and treatment of this important transfusion complication. SUMMARY In endemic areas transfusion-transmitted babesiosis is more prevalent than usually believed. The extension of the geographic range of various Babesia spp. and the movement of donors and blood products around the United States has resulted in the risk extending to non-endemic areas. Clinicians should maintain a high degree of clinical suspicion for transfusion-transmitted babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchard G Cable
- American Red Cross, Connecticut Blood Services, Farmington, and University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA.
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Abstract
During the past 15 years, it has become clear that new agents and new strains of existing agents continue to emerge worldwide as protagonists of infectious disease. These emerging agents pose threats not only to the general human population but also to recipients of blood transfusions. Indeed, the modern era of blood safety perhaps began with the recognition of HIV as an emerging agent transmissible by blood transfusion. Today, emerging infectious agents that pose a threat to the blood supply are not limited to viruses, but include bacterial, protozoan, and prion agents. Preventing the transmission of these new agents by blood transfusion is often problematic, as the available tools may be inadequate. It is certain, however, that new agents will continue to emerge as threats to blood safety and these agents are likely to require novel approaches to prevent their transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Y Dodd
- Transmissible Diseases Department, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA.
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18
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Abstract
A guild of organisms carried by the same vector (Ixodes ticks) in Lyme-endemic areas may be confounding the understanding of Lyme disease in dogs. A new diagnostic method, the C6 peptide test for Lyme, and serology and PCR testing for Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Bartonella species will help to sort out seroprevalence and symptomatology caused by exposure to these agents or by coinfections. In addition, Rickettsia, Leptospira, Mycoplasma species, and more could be involved in dogs diagnosed with a "doxycycline-responsive" disease. The author does not recommend treating asymptomatic Borrelia carrier dogs, but does recommend screening them for proteinuria and for exposure to other agents. A positive Lyme titer is a marker of exposure to Ixodes ticks and the agents they carry. The risk/benefit of vaccination will be understood better as the symptomatology and immunopathogenesis of Lyme disease are defined. Meanwhile, tick control is highly recommended for all dogs in Lyme-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl P Littman
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Ticks are effective vectors of viral, bacterial, rickettsial and parasitic diseases. Many of the tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are of significance to transfusion medicine, either because of the risks they pose to the blood supply or the necessity for blood products required in their treatment. The transmission of tick-borne pathogens via blood transfusion is of global concern. However, among transfusion medicine practitioners, experience with most of these microorganisms is limited. Transfusion transmission of TBDs has been documented largely by means of single case reports. A better understanding of the epidemiology, biology and management of this group of diseases is necessary in order to assess the risks they pose to the blood supply and to help guide effective prevention strategies to reduce this risk. Unique methods are required to focus on donor selection, predonation questioning, mass screening and inactivation or eradication procedures. The role of the transfusion medicine service in their treatment also needs to be better defined. This article reviews the growing body of literature pertaining to this emerging field of transfusion medicine and offers some recommendations for transfusionists in dealing with TBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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McQuiston JH, Childs JE, Chamberland ME, Tabor E. Transmission of tick-borne agents of disease by blood transfusion: a review of known and potential risks in the United States. Transfusion 2000; 40:274-84. [PMID: 10738026 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40030274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Arguin PM, Singleton J, Rotz LD, Marston E, Treadwell TA, Slater K, Chamberland M, Schwartz A, Tengelsen L, Olson JG, Childs JE. An investigation into the possibility of transmission of tick-borne pathogens via blood transfusion. Transfusion-Associated Tick-Borne Illness Task Force. Transfusion 1999; 39:828-33. [PMID: 10504117 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1999.39080828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick-borne illnesses were diagnosed in a group of National Guard members, including some who had donated blood a few days before the onset of symptoms. A voluntary recall of those blood components was issued and a multistate investigation was conducted to determine if transfusion-transmitted illness had occurred. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Donors and recipients were asked to complete questionnaires regarding symptoms and risk factors for infection and to provide blood samples for laboratory analysis. RESULTS Among National Guard personnel who donated blood, 12 individuals were found to have a confirmed or probable case of Rocky Mountain spotted fever or ehrlichiosis. A total of 320 units (platelets or packed red cells) from 377 donors were transfused into 129 recipients. Although 10 recipients received units from National Guard personnel with confirmed or probable infection, none became ill. CONCLUSION Transfusion-transmitted illness did not occur. Despite the awareness of the risk for tick-borne diseases and the use of tick-preventive measures, many National Guard personnel reported exposure to ticks. In addition to augmenting current tick-preventive measures, scheduling blood drives before rather than after field exercises could further reduce the potential for transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Arguin
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Improvements in donor selection, testing of donors for markers of infection, and viral inactivation of plasma-derived products have helped reduce the risk of transfusion-associated infections, including hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). The potential for transmission of emerging infections is illustrated by current concerns about group O strains of HIV, nonenveloped viruses, newly discovered microbial agents, prions, Chagas' disease, tick-borne infections, and the need to assess the frequency of transfusion reactions associated with bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chamberland
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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23
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Chapter 14 Lyme disease. Microbiology (Reading) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-2582(97)80151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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24
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Christiann F, Rayet P, Ngueodjibaye DB, Patey O, Godefroy A, Klein J, Lapegue R, Theron-Le Gargasson JF, Godfroid E, Lafaix C. Endemic level of Lyme borreliosis in a region of central France: a sero-epidemiologic examination involving blood donors. Eur J Epidemiol 1997; 13:361-2. [PMID: 9258539 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007331421763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
There is a wide range of mechanisms by which transfusion reactions may occur. These reactions typically are categorized as immune- or nonimmune-mediated and also as to whether they are acute or delayed in nature. The type and severity of clinical signs vary according to the specific reaction present. Many reactions can be prevented with the use of standard and appropriate transfusion medicine procedures. These methods include careful collection and storage of blood products, adequate screening and blood typing of donor dogs, crossmatching donor and recipient blood, use of component therapy, correct administration of blood products, and the use of pretransfusion prophylaxis when appropriate. Because many reactions are dose dependent, careful monitoring of transfusions cannot be overemphasized. Rapid recognition of a transfusion reaction and immediate discontinuation of the transfusion, along with appropriate supportive therapy, is essential for the successful treatment of transfusion reactions. A summary of transfusion reactions including clinical signs, diagnosis, and basic treatment protocols is given in Table 4. When used appropriately, transfusion of blood products can be a highly beneficial, low-risk form of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Harrell
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Bennett
- Department of Biology, Southampton University, UK
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Abstract
The incidence of sepsis caused by transfusion of bacterially contaminated blood components is similar to or less than that of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis C virus infection, yet significantly exceeds those currently estimated for transfusion-associated human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B viruses. Outcomes are serious and may be fatal. In addition, transfusion of sterile allogenic blood can have generalized immunosuppressive effects on recipients, resulting in increased susceptibility to postoperative infection. This review examines the frequency of occurrence of transfusion-associated sepsis, the organisms implicated, and potential sources of bacteria. Approaches to minimize the frequency of sepsis are discussed, including the benefits and disadvantages of altering the storage conditions for blood. In addition, the impact of high levels of bacteria on the gross characteristics of erythrocyte and platelet concentrates is described. The potentials and limitations of current tests for detecting bacteria in blood are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Wagner
- Product Development Department, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross Blood Services, Rockville, Maryland 20855
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Kothe
- Red Cross Blood Bank, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Abstract
Viral and other exotic diseases may be transmitted by blood transfusion. These infections include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D and E), syphilis, malaria, retrovirus HTLV-1, and cytomegalovirus. Other more exotic diseases which may be transmitted by transfusion of blood or blood components include Chagas' disease (Trypanosomiasis cruzi), Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), and Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease. Screening procedures currently used in Australian blood banks minimise transfusion-transmitted infection. The risk of acquiring any infection in this manner may be less than 0.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Wylie
- NSW Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Sydney, Australia
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31
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Abstract
Lyme disease, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. The causative organism is transmitted through cutaneous inoculation by infected ixodid ticks. Illness typically begins in the summer with the characteristic skin rash, erythema migrans, and associated flulike symptoms. Weeks to months later, the majority of untreated individuals experience one or more manifestations of disseminated Lyme disease, primarily involving the nervous system, heart, and joints. Diagnosis is based on recognition of the appropriate signs and symptoms in the setting of travel to or residence in an endemic area, and supported by serological testing. All stages of the illness are responsive to antibiotics, although treatment is more efficacious when begun early in the course of Lyme disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Rahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goldman
- Canadian Red Cross Society Blood Transfusion Service, Hamilton, Ontario
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Shulman IA, Appleman MD. Transmission of parasitic and bacterial infections through blood transfusion within the U.S. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1991; 28:447-59. [PMID: 1772589 DOI: 10.3109/10408369109106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The American public has become aware that viral infections can be transmitted by blood transfusions; however, less attention has been paid to nonviral agents that are similarly transmitted. Although donors are tested routinely for serologic evidence of Treponema pallidum infection (syphilis), there are no other bacterial infections for which donors are routinely tested, and no testing is done routinely to detect parasitic infections. Although current preventive strategies appear effective in preventing the transmission of nonviral agents by transfusion, changing population demographics, increased travel and immigration, and increased occurrence of certain asymptomatic bacterial infections in blood donors may require new policies to maintain the safety of the U.S. blood supply. This review focuses on the parasitic and bacterial infections that might pose a risk to transfusion recipients in the U.S.
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Halkier-Sørensen L, Kragballe K, Nedergaard ST, Jørgensen J, Hansen K. Lack of transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi by blood transfusion. Lancet 1990; 335:550. [PMID: 1968566 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90790-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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